,A REPLY TO ,L\IS ,PROYECT'S 0,A ,M>XI/ ,CRITIQUE ( ,BAKUN90 
,OR 0H[ NOT TO CRITIQUE AN>*ISM40 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,IA9 ,MC,KAY 

,TEXT 3 

,AS 9 ANY SOCIAL MOVEM5T :I* IS JU/ BEG9N+1 ! CURR5T 0ANTI-GLOBALIZATION0 MOVEM5T IS A MIX$ BAG ) CONTRADICTORY IDEAS4 ,?IS IS TO BE EXPECT$4 ,ONLY BY DISCUSSION & ACTIVITY CAN ?OSE 9VOLV$ CL>IFY & DEVELOP !IR POLITICAL IDEAS4 ,P>T ( ?IS PROCESS IS1 BY NECESSITY1 A CRITICAL EVALUATION ( PA/ SOCIAL MOVEM5TS & REVOLUTION>Y IDEALS4 ,?IS1 AGA91 IS NATURAL & POSITIVE4 ,)\T DISCUSSION1 )\T HONE/ & PR9CIPL$ DEBATE1 ANY MOVEM5T ) /AGNANT4 

,SADLY1 ,L\IS ,PROYECT'S 0,A ,M>XI/ ,CRITIQUE ( ,BAKUN90 IS NOT HONE/ NOR PR9CIPL$4 ,RA!R1 IT IS LITTLE MORE ?AN A CONFUS$ 7& SOME:AT HY/]ICAL7 COBBL+ TOGE!R ( ,M>XI/ PREJUDICES & FALLACIES4 ,HIS ESSAY PROVES ,ALB]T ,MELTZ]'S COMM5TS3 

0,IT IS V]Y DIFFICULT = ,M>XI/-,L59I/S TO MAKE AN OBJECTIVE CRITICISM ( ,AN>*ISM1 AS SU*1 BECAUSE BY ITS NATURE IT UND]M9ES ALL ! SUPPOSITIONS BASIC TO ,M>XISM4 ,IF ,M>XISM IS HELD \T TO BE 9DE$ ! BASIC WORK+ CLASS PHILOSOPHY1 & ! PROLET>IAT CANNOT [E ITS EMANCIPATION TO ANYONE BUT ITSELF1 IT IS H>D TO GO BACK ON IT & SAY ?AT ! WORK+ CLASS IS NOT YET READY TO DISP5SE ) AU?ORITY PLAC$ OV] IT4 ,M>XISM !RE=E NORMALLY TRIES TO REFRA9 FROM CRITICIZ+ AN>*ISM AS SU* -- UNLESS DRIV5 TO DO+ SO1 :5 IT EXPOSES ITS [N AU?ORIT>IANISM 44 & CONC5TRATES ITS ATTACKS NOT ON AN>*ISM1 BUT ON AN>*I/S444 ,BECAUSE ( ! LACK ( ANY O!R CRITICISM ( ! ,AN>*I/S1 ! ,L59I/S - ESPECIALLY ! ,TROTSKYI/S -- TO ?IS DAY USE ! P]SONAL CRITICISM ME?OD40 .<,AN>*ISM3 ,>GUM5TS = & ,AGA9/1 PP4 #c#g-#h.> 

,AS WILL BECOME CLE>1 :5 LOOK+ AT ,BAKUN9'S WORK ,PROYECT DOES TWO ?+S4 ,FIR/LY1 HE CON/ANTLY & DELIB]ATELY DI/ORTS ,BAKUN9'S IDEAS4 ,SECONDLY1 HE IGNORES ! IMPORTANT P>TS ( ,BAKUN9'S WORK & CONC5TRATES MORE ON /YLE ?AN SUB/ANCE4 ,PROYECT IS LIKE ! MAN :O1 :5 GIV5 GEM/ONES1 SP5DS HIS TIME LOOK+ AT ! BOX !Y CAME 96 

,AS SU*1 HIS CRITIQUE IS SO FLAW$ ?AT IT MAY MAKE ! READ] WOND] :Y ,I BO!R$ TO REPLY TO IT 7& :5 ,I WAS WRIT+ ?IS REPLY ?AT ?\<T CROSS$ MY M9D ON MORE ?AN ONE OCCASION674 ,!RE >E ?REE REASONS4 ,FIR/LY1 ,I HATE TO SEE DI/ORTIONS BE+ SPREAD4 ,! FACT IS ?AT MANY ,M>XI/S WILL SPREAD ,PROYECT'S NONS5SE >\ND ON ! ASSUMPTION ?AT HE KN[S :AT HE IS TALK+ AB\T4 ,AS SU*1 IT IS USEFUL TO NIP ! SPREAD ( DIS9=MATION BE=E IT GETS GO+ 7?IS ALSO EXPLA9S ! L5G? ( ! REPLY1 AS IT REFUT+ ( NONS5SE REQUIRES EVID5CE & >GUM5T1 UNLIKE ! SPREAD+ ( IT74 ,SECONDLY1 IT IS USEFUL = AN>*I/ PROPAG&A TO REPLY TO SU* NONS5SE4 ,BY %[+ UP ! DI/ORTIONS ( ,BAKUN9 9FLICT$ UPON US BY A 0,M>XI/0 !N ,I CAN HOPEFULLY MAKE READ]S WOND] H[ REVOLUTION>Y A !ORY IS IF ITS ADH]5TS S9K TO SU* LEVELS TO COMBAT O!R RADICALS4 ,EQUALLY1 IT ALL[S ME TO EXP\ND ! REAL DIFF]5CES BETWE5 AN>*ISM & 0,M>XISM10 :I* MAY RESULT 9 A REAL DEBATE BETWE5 ! TWO !ORIES GETS GO+4 ,?IRDLY1 !RE IS ! POSSIBILITY ( MAK+ A FEW JOKES AT ,PROYECT'S EXP5SE4 ,HIS CONTEMPT ( O!R ACTIVI/S 7P>TICUL>LY AN>*I/S & ! READ]S ( HIS ESSAY67 IS CLE>4 ,HIS LACK ( RESPECT DES]VES A SIMIL> REPLY 7& IT ALL[S ME TO MAKE A SOME:AT BOR+ TASK MORE 9T]E/+74 

,BE=E />T+1 ,I MU/ NOTE ?AT ,I USE ! T]M 0,M>XISM0 H]E TO DESCRIBE ,L\IS' POSITION4 ,OBVI\SLY !RE >E ,M>XI/S \T !RE :O REJECT ?IS K9D ( %ODDY HI/ORICAL SL&] HID+ BEH9D ! SCRE5 ( POLITICAL ANALYSIS4 ,SIMIL>LY1 !RE >E ,M>XI/S :O REJECT ! AU?ORIT>IAN & ELITI/ POLITICS ( ,L59ISM & ,TROTSKYISM4 ,I USE ! WORD TO DESCRIBE ! MA9/REAM ( ,M>XISM1 NOT ITS LIB]T>IAN ELEM5TS4 ,SO1 PLEASE BE> ?IS 9 M9D :5 READ+ ?IS REPLY4 

,PROYECT C\LD HAVE SAV$ US ALL A LOT ( PA9 BY POND]+ !SE WORDS BY ,MALATE/A & US$ !M TO UND]/& ,BAKUN9'S PLACE 9 AN>*ISM4 ,AS ,MALATE/A >GU$ 9 #a#h#g#f1 AN>*I/S >E NOT 0,BAKUN9I/S40 ,?IS WAS BECAUSE 0WE DO NOT %>E ALL ! PRACTICAL & !ORETICAL IDEAS ( ,BAKUN90 & BECAUSE 0WE FOLL[ IDEAS1 NOT M52 BECAUSE WE REJECT ! HABIT ( 9C>NAT+ A PR9CIPLE 9 A MAN1 A HABIT :I* IS WOR?Y ( POLITICAL P>TIES BUT COMPLETELY 9COMPATIBLE ) ! T5D5CIES ( MOD]N SOCIALISM4 ,FUR!RMORE1 IT %\LD BE NOT$ ?AT ,BAKUN9 HIMSELF HAS ALWAYS PROTE/$ AGA9/ ?IS ADJECTIVE BE+ APPLI$ TO HIS FRI5DS40 

,SIMPLY PUT1 AN>*I/S >E NOT ,BAKUN9I/S & WE DO NOT LOOK AT ANY FAM\S AN>*I/'S WORK AS SOME SORT ( HOLY BOOK :I* WE MU/ LE>N BY HE>T4 ,:5 AN>*I/S READ1 SAY1 ,BAKUN9 WE LOOK = :AT 9SI<TS HE HAS :I* >E G5U9ELY USEFUL & IGNORE ! RE/4 ,= ,PROYECT1 ?IS COMMON-S5SE APPROA* TO FAM\S ?9K]S IS OBVI\SLY =EIGN4 ,HE ASSUMES ?AT AN>*I/S APPROA* ,BAKUN9 LIKE HE APPROA*ES ,M>X -- AS SOMEONE :O CAN DO HIS ?9K+ = HIM4 

,AS SU*1 ! BASIS = ,PROYECT'S 0CRITIQUE0 IS FLAW$4 ,CRITIQU+ ,BAKUN9 DOES NOT MEAN CRITIQU+ AN>*ISM4 ,TO DO ?AT1 Y\ NE$ TO SEE :I* ASPECTS ( ,BAKUN9'S WORK 7& LIFE7 AN>*I/S HAVE TAK5 UP & CRITIQUE ?OSE4 ,SIMIL>LY1 ,BAKUN9 WAS NOT AN AN>*I/ ALL HIS LIFE4 ,HE />T$ BECOM+ AN AN>*I/ 9 #ahff & HIS IDEAS DEVELOP$ OV] ! LA/ T5 YE>S ( HIS LIFE4 ,?US TO ROOT >\ND 9 ,BAKUN9'S PRE-AN>*I/ WRIT+S & ACTIVITIES = AN 9SI<T 9 AN>*ISM IS JU/ AS FLAW$4 ,SADLY1 ,PROYECT APPLIES BO? !SE FLAW$ ME?ODOLOGIES 9 HIS ESSAY4 

,! RATIONALE = ,PROYECT'S CONTRIBUTION TO ?IS P>TICUL>LY UNCONV9C+ S*OOL ( CRITIQUE1 IS OBVI\S4 ,HE IS CONC]N$ ! 9FLU5CE ( AN>*I/ IDEAS )9 ! CURR5T G5]ATION ( ACTIVI/S4 ,AS HE PUTS IT3 

0,) ! ADV5T ( 'ANTI-GLOBALIZATION' PROTE/S1 A V]Y OLD MOVEM5T SEEMS TO BE PICK+ UP /EAM ONCE AGA94 ,?IS SEEMS TO HAVE SOME?+ TO DO ) FA%ION40 

,?IS 0V]Y OLD0 MOVEM5T IS AN>*ISM4 ,HE !N QUOTES AN 0>TICLE ?AT APPE>$ 9 ! ,/YLE SECTION ( ! ,APRIL #d1 #b ,WA%+TON ,PO/0 ON ! ,AN>*I/ ,SOCC] ,LEAGUE AS 0EVID5CE0 = HIS ASS]TION ?AT ?IS 0SEEMS TO HAVE SOME?+ TO DO ) FA%ION40 

,IT IS SIMPLY 9CR$IBLE ?AT A ,M>XI/ CAN USE ! B\RGEOIS M$IA 9 SU* A FA%ION TO MOCK HIS FELL[ ACTIVI/S6 ,I WAS UND] ! IMPRESSION ?AT REVOLUTION>IES W\LD KN[ H[ OBJECTIVE ! CAPITALI/ M$IA IS TO SOCIAL PROTE/S & MOVEM5TS4 ,APP>5TLY ,I AM WRONG4 

,:Y IS AN>*ISM 0PICK+ UP /EAM08 ,PROYECT1 9 AN APPROA* :I* WILL BECOME FAMILI> TO ! UN=TUNATE READ] ( HIS ESSAY1 ES*EWS ANY ATTEMPT TO GR\ND ! RISE ( AN>*ISM 9 T]MS ( ! MOVEM5T & SOCIETY IT IS P>T (4 ,AFT] ALL1 AS A ,M>XI/1 ,PROYECT IS MEANT TO BE A MAT]IALI/4 ,SO :Y DOES HE SUBJECT ! READ] TO ! MO/ BL& & SUP]FICIAL PHILOSOPHICAL IDEALISM BY EXPLA9+ ! RISE ( AN>*ISM 9 T]MS ( 0FA%ION08 

,AS AN AN>*I/1 & !RE=E A MAT]IALI/1 ,I CAN EXPLA9 ! RISE ( AN>*ISM )\T BAS+ IT ON FA%ION4 ,SIMPLY PUT1 AN>*I/ IDEAS & PRACTICE OBVI\SLY APPEAL TO ! ACTIVI/S & MEET !IR REQUIREM5TS1 REQUIREM5TS BAS$ ON !IR PRACTICAL EXP]I5CE 7& LESSONS FROM PA/ PRACTICE7 & !IR ANALYSIS ( CURR5T SOCIETY & H[ TO *ANGE IT44 ,IF AN>*ISM IS GA9+ 9FLU5CE IT IS BECAUSE ! ACTIVI/S >E !MSELVES DRAW+ SIMIL> CONCLUSIONS FROM !IR [N EXP]I5CES4 ,BUT :Y ADMIT ?IS POSSIBILITY :5 Y\ HAVE ! P[] ( FA%ION TO EXPLA9 IT8 

,AS WILL BECOME CLE> FROM ,PROYECT'S 0ANALYSIS0 ( ,BAKUN91 ,PROYECT'S APPEAL TO 0FA%ION0 IS NOT SURPRIS+4 ,HE CON/ANTLY /RESSES ! NE$ TO /UDY 0POLITICAL ECONOMY0 79 ! 0LIBR>Y087 9 ORD] TO CREATE A 0REVOLUTION>Y0 MOVEM5T4 ,AS SU*1 REVOLUTION>Y KN[L$GE IS NOT F\ND 9 ! CLASS_/SOCIAL /RUGGLE NOR 9 ! POSITION ( WORK+ CLASS PEOPLE 9 SOCIETY4 ,IMPLICITLY REPEAT+ ,L59'S 9FAM\S >GUM5T 9 0,:AT IS TO BE DONE801 = ,PROYECT 0REVOLUTION>Y0 !ORY LIES \TSIDE ! WORK+ CLASS & ITS /RUGGLE1 FROM 0!ORETICAL0 KN[L$GE ( ! 0LAWS0 ( CAPITALISM4 ,AS SU*1 ! ACTUAL EXP]I5CES ( ACTIVI/S C\NT = NO?+ & CANNOT4 ,TRUE REVOLUTION>Y POLITICS IS 9 ! LIBR>Y & IF ONLY ACTIVI/S GET ! RI<T BOOKS \T !N ,M>XISM WILL RISE AGA96 

,! IMPLICATIONS ( ?IS P]SPECTIVE >E CLE>4 ,AS 0REVOLUTION>Y0 KN[L$GE CANNOT COME TO WORK+ CLASS PEOPLE 79CLUD+ ACTIVI/S7 BY !IR [N EXP]I5CES1 !N NO?+ POSITIVE1 NO?+ CAPABLE ( CREAT+ A NEW SOCIETY1 CAN COME FROM !IR SELF-ACTIVITY4 ,AT BE/1 !Y CAN COME TO ! AW>5ESS ( ! NE$ = 0BETT]0 LEAD]S :O 0UND]/&0 H[ 0POLITICAL ECONOMY0 ACTUALLY WORKS4 ,?US ! P>TY IS ! 0ADVANC$ W+0 ( ! MOVEM5T & NONP>TY PEOPLE 7! MAJORITY7 >E1 BY DEF9ITION1 BACKW>D4 ,! IMPLICATIONS >E OBVI\S4 ,9 ! WORDS ( ,TROTSKY3 

0,! ,WORK]S' ,OPPOSITION HAS COME \T ) DANG]\S SLOGANS1 MAK+ A FETI% ( DEMOCRATIC PR9CIPLES6 ,!Y PLACE ! WORK]S' RI<T TO ELECT REPRES5TATIVES - ABOVE ! ,P>TY1 AS IF ! P>TY W]E NOT 5TITL$ TO ASS]T ITS DICTATOR%IP EV5 IF ?AT DICTATOR%IP TEMPOR>ILY CLA%$ ) ! PASS+ MOODS ( ! WORK]S' DEMOCRACY4 ,IT IS NECESS>Y TO CREATE AMONG US ! AW>5ESS ( ! REVOLUTION>Y BIR?RI<T ( ! P>TY4 :I* IS OBLIG$ TO MA9TA9 ITS DICTATOR%IP1 REG>DLESS ( TEMPOR>Y WAV]+ EV5 9 ! WORK+ CLASSES4 ,?IS AW>5ESS IS = US ! 9DISP5SABLE ELEM5T4 ,! DICTATOR%IP DOES NOT BASE ITSELF AT EV]Y GIV5 MOM5T ON ! =MAL PR9CIPLE ( A WORK]S' DEMOCRACY40 .<QUOT$ BY ,SAMUEL ,F>B]1 ,BE=E ,/AL9ISM1 P4 #b#i.> 

,IF ! MASSES REJECT ! P>TY !N1 OBVI\SLY1 !Y %[ ?IS IGNORANCE ( 0REVOLUTION>Y0 IDEOLOGY & SO ! P>TY HAS ! RI<T1 NAY ! DUTY1 TO IMPOSE ITS DICTATOR%IP OV] !M4 ,SIMIL>LY1 ! DE/RUCTION ( ORGANS ( WORK+ CLASS SELF-MANAGEM5T CAN BE JU/IFI$ BECAUSE ! VANGU>D HAS TAK5 P[] -- :I* IS EXACTLY :AT ,TROTSKY >GU$ 7& DID :5 HE WAS 9 P[]74 

,AS SU*1 ,PROYECT'S COMM5TS ON 0FA%ION0 SIMPLY EXPOSE A P]SPECTIVE :I* CAN ONLY LEAD TO 7& HI/ORICALLY HAS L$ TO7 BUREAUCRATIC & AU?ORIT>IAN PRACTICES4 ,AS WE WILL DISCUSS MORE FULLY BEL[1 AN>*I/S REJECT ! IDEA ?AT REVOLUTION>Y IDEAS EXI/ 9DEP5D5TLY ( ! CLASS /RUGGLE4 

,AFT] QUOT+ HIS B\RGEOIS S\RCE1 HE PROCLAIMS3 

0,ONE MI<T LEGITIMATELY QUE/ION :E!R ?IS WILL G5]ATE ANY LONG-T]M COMMITM5T TO REVOLUTION>Y POLITICS4 ,ACCORD+ TO VET]AN LEFT ACTIVI/ ,WALT ,%EASBY1 A #aig NEWS S\RCE REPORT$ ?AT !RE W]E AN E/IMAT$ #b MILLION ,U4,S4 CITIZ5S :O CONSID]$ !MSELVES 'REVOLUTION>Y4' ,AS AN ,S,D,S ORGANIZ]1 ,%EASBY WITNESS$ *APT]S SPR++ UP OV]NI<T LIKE MU%ROOMS4 ,MANY ( !SE Y\NG RADICALS -- ,MS4 ,PELL]'S =]UNN]S -- W]E ALSO RESI/ANT TO IDEOLOGY4 

0,HE CONFESSES ?AT1 ',9 V>I\S POLITICAL ACTIVITIES OV] ! LA/ ?REE DECADES1 ,I'VE MET H>DLY A H&FUL ( ?OSE ,I KNEW 9 ! SIXTIES4 ,I'M WILL+ TO BET O!R ORGANIZ]S W\LD TELL ! SAME TALE4 ,IT'S AS IF !SE 'REVOLUTION>IES' NEV] LIV$4' 7GR\PS4YAHOO4COM70 

,PROYECT IS S9K+ TO L[ LEVELS 9 ATTACK+ ! COMMITM5T ( ! CURR5T WAVE ( ACTIVI/S LIKE ?IS4 ,IF Y\ >E RESI/ANT TO 0IDEOLOGY0 7OBVI\SLY ,PROYECT MEANS HIS [N IDEOLOGY7 !N Y\ >E NOT A REAL REVOLUTION>Y & HAVE NO REAL COMMITM5T6 ,OBVI\SLY1 AS ! B\RGEOIS M$IA >GUES1 ?IS IS ALL JU/ A PHRASE :I* !SE Y\NG PEOPLE >E GO+ ?R\<4 ,GIV5 TIME1 !Y WILL OV]COME ?IS 09FANTILE DISORD]0 7TO USE ,L59'S *OICE T]M7 & GET JOBS4 ,SAD1 REALLY1 ?AT ,PROYECT SO EASILY DISMISSES SO MANY ACTIVI/S4 ,P]HAPS ?IS C\LD EXPLA9 :Y ,M>XI/S W]E TAK5 BY SURPRISE BY ?IS NEW MOVEM5T8 

,EQUALLY1 IT SEEMS H>D TO BLAME ! FAILURE ( ! #a#i#fS RADICALS ON BE+ 0RESI/ANT TO IDEOLOGY40 ,AFT] ALL1 ?AT MOVEM5T WAS QUICKLY 9FECT$ BY V>I\S SECTS TRY+ TO RECRUIT 0! Y\?0 9TO !IR SPECIFIC IDEOLOGY 7NAMELY ! ONE & ONLY TRUE =M ( ,M>XISM74 ,IF ?AT G5]ATION HAD BE5 MORE RESI/ANT TO IDEOLOGY1 !N P]HAPS ! #a#i#fS REVOLT W\LD HAVE HAD MORE POSITIVE RESULTS8 ,AFT] ALL1 NUM]\S SELF-PROCLAIM$ ,M>XI/ P>TIES GREW 9 SIZE DUR+ ! #a#i#fS4 ,P]HAPS IT WAS ! EMBRAC+ ( 0IDEOLOGY0 :I* CAUS$ ITS D[NFALL8 

,:I*1 ( C\RSE1 BR+S US TO ! QUE/ION ( ! DESIRABILITY ( HAV+ AN IDEOLOGY 9 ! FIR/ PLACE4 ,I MU/ /RESS ?AT !RE IS A DIFF]5CE BETWE5 IDEOLOGY & !ORY4 ,I AM NOT DISMISS+ ! IMPORTANCE ( !ORY4 ,:AT ,I AM QUE/ION+ IS ! TURN+ ( !ORY 9TO AN IDEOLOGY -- A SET ( DOGMAS :I* >E IMPOS$ ON REALITY1 :I* IS MODIFI$ TO MAKE IT FIT 9TO ! IDEOLOGY4 ,AS ! ,SITUATIONI/ 9FLU5C$ SLOGAN PUT IT1 0!ORY IS :5 Y\ HAVE IDEAS1 IDEOLOGY IS :5 IDEAS HAVE Y\40 ,PROYECT'S ESSAY IS AN EXAMPLE ( ?IS4 

,AS SU*1 IF ! CURR5T G5]ATION ( ACTIVI/S >E REJECT+ IDEOLOGY & DEVELOP+ !IR [N !ORY BAS$ ON A CRITICAL DIALOGUE ) REVOLUTION>Y ?9K]S & !IR [N EXP]I5CES1 !N ?IS IS AN EXTREMELY POSITIVE SIGN4 ,:ILE SOME ACTIVI/S MAY TAKE ! HEAL?Y REJECTION ( IDEOLOGY TOO F> & REJECT ! NE$ = !ORY1 IT IS EXTREMELY D\BTFUL ?AT ! MAJORITY ( ACTIVI/S DO ?IS4 ,! FACT ?AT MANY ACTIVI/S >E EMBRAC+ AN>*I/ IDEAS1 !ORY & PRACTICE SUGGE/S ?AT ?OSE IDEAS SEEM MORE RELEVANT TO !IR NE$S ?AN1 SAY1 ,PROYECT'S IDEOLOGY4 ,ULTIMATELY1 ,PROYECT'S COMM5TS JU/ REFLECT HIS NEGATIVE OP9IONS ( SOCIAL ACTIVI/S RA!R ?AN AN OBJECTIVE EVALUATION ( ! CURR5T SOCIAL MOVEM5TS4 ,AFT] ALL1 SURELY ACTIVI/S CAN EVALUATE :AT SET ( IDEAS BE/ EQUATES ) !IR ACTUAL EXP]I5CES & NE$S8 ,?AT ,PROYECT CANNOT SEE ?IS SUGGE/S A CONTEMPT ( O!R ACTIVI/S :I* IS TRULY AMAZ+4 

,HE MOVES ONTO ! REAL ISSUE1 NAMELY AN>*ISM3 

0,:E!R ! REVIVAL ( AN>*ISM WILL TURN \T TO MORE ?AN JU/ A PASS+ FAD IS TOO SOON TO SAY4 ,= ,M>XI/S1 H[EV]1 ITS REAPPE>ANCE PRES5TS SOME?+ ( A *ALL5GE4 ,= ,B>B>A ,EP/E91 WRIT+ 9 ! ,M>XI/ ,MON?LY ,REVIEW1 IT IS NOT ONLY A %OT 9 ! >M = ! LEFT1 BUT (F]S ! POSSIBILITY ( A K9D ( >RANG$ M>RIAGE BETWE5 ! R$ & ! BLACK D[N ! ROAD40 

'0,ACTUALLY EXI/+0 AN>*ISM HAS *ANG$ & SO HAS 0ACTUALLY EXI/+0 ,M>XISM4 ,M>XI/S :O P>TICIPAT$ 9 ! MOVEM5TS ( ! SIXTIES T5D TO HAVE A %>P] APPRECIATION ( ! IMPORTANCE ( SOCIAL & CULTURAL EQUALITY1 & ( LIV+ ACCORD+ TO \R VALUES 9 ! PRES5T1 ?AN DID MANY MEMB]S ( PREVI\S G5]ATIONS ( ,M>XI/ ACTIVI/S4 ,IF A NEW P>ADIGM ( ! LEFT EM]GES FROM ! /RUGGLE AGA9/ NEOLIB]ALISM & ! TRANSNATIONAL CORPORATE ORD]1 IT IS LIKELY TO 9CLUDE ELEM5TS ( AN>*I/ S5SIBILITY AS WELL AS ( ,M>XI/ ANALYSIS4' 

0,ALL ( ?IS SUGGE/S ?AT ! M>RIAGE WILL COMB9E ,M>XI/ BRA9S & AN>*I/ HE>T4 ,IT IS 5TIRELY POSSIBLE ?AT ! AN>*I/ T>GETS ( ,PR(ESSOR ,EP/E9'S AFFECTIONS MI<T SPURN !SE ADVANCES4 ,9DE$1 BAS$ ON MY 5C\NT]S ) AN>*I/S ON ! ,9T]NET1 ,I AM LEFT ) ! IMPRESSION ?AT NOT ONLY DO !Y HAVE !IR [N ANALYSIS REG>D$ AS VA/LY SUP]IOR TO ,M>XISM1 BUT >E NOT BA%FUL AB\T SAY+ SO40 

,9 ?IS ,PROYECT IS RI<T 7,I NEV] ?\<T ,I W\LD WRITE ?AT674 ,AN>*I/S DO CONSID] \R [N ANALYSIS VA/LY SUP]IOR TO 0,M>XISM0 -- ?AT IS :Y WE >E ,AN>*I/S6 ,NOR >E WE 0BA%FUL0 9 SAY+ SO4 ,BUT AN>*I/S DO NOT DISMISS ,M>XISM \T ( H&4 ,C]TA9 =MS ( ,M>XISM 7SU* AS C\NCIL COMMUNISM1 SITUATIONISM1 ELEM5TS ( AUTONOMI/ ,M>XISM -- I4E4 LIB]T>IAN ,M>XISM7 >E RESPECT$ BY MANY AN>*I/S4 ,A POSITIVE TWO WAY DIALOGUE HAS BE5 GO+ ON 9 AN>*I/ & LIB]T>IAN ,M>XI/ CIRCLES :I* HAS 5RI*$ BO?4 ,P]HAPS IT IS NO CO-9CID5CE ?AT ?IS IS HAPP5+1 AFT] ALL DID ,L59 NOT REF] TO ! C\NCIL COMMUNI/S ( ! ,G]MAN ,COMMUNI/ ,WORK]S' ,P>TY AS BE+ AN 0AN>*I/ DEVIATION0 & LAMBA/E O!R 0SEMI-AN>*I/ ELEM5TS0 7I4E4 ! V]Y GR\PS WE >E REF]R+ TO H]E UND] ! T]M 0LIB]T>IAN ,M>XISM074 

,AS SU*1 MO/ AN>*I/S 7BE+ FREE ?9K]S & NOT WOR%IP]S ( IDOLS7 EMBRACE :AT !Y CONSID] AS POSITIVE 9 ! CONTRIBUTIONS ( NON-AN>*I/1 BUT REVOLUTION>Y SOCIALI/1 WRIT]S4 ,= EXAMPLE1 ! NON-,M>XI/ ,CA/ORIADUS & ! 7UNOR?ODOX7 ,M>XI/S ,PANNEKOEK1 ,RUHLE1 ,MATTICK & ,CLEAV] HAVE EXP\ND$ REVOLUTION>Y IDEAS ) OBVI\S SIMIL>ITIES TO AN>*I/ IDEAS & ONLY A N>R[ M9D$ IDEOLOGUE W\LD REJECT DIALOGUE ) SU* ?9K]S4 ,SADLY1 ,PROYECT PROVES HE IS SU* A P]SON CON/ANTLY 9 HIS ESSAY4 ,RA!R ?AN A FRUITFUL DISCUSSION ( POT5TIAL COMMON GR\ND1 WE HAVE SIMPLY ! SCREAM+ ( A PRIE/ :O IS AFRAID ?AT HIS FLOCK MAY BE ESCAP+ HIM4 ,9 HIS [N WORDS3 

0,?IS >TICLE IS ! FIR/ 9 A S]IES ?AT WILL TRY TO COME TO T]MS ) AN>*I/ IDEOLOGY4 ,! *IEF PURPOSE IS NOT TO *ANGE AN>*I/ M9DS4 ,AFT] ALL1 IF A MOVEM5T HAS MA9TA9$ AN EXI/5CE = OV] #ae YE>S )\T ANY TANGIBLE VICTORIES1 ONE MI<T HAVE TO ASK :E!R SOME?+ O!R ?AN RATIONAL EXPECTATIONS OR PRACTICAL POLITICS KEEPS IT AFLOAT4 ,WE 9/EAD 9T5D TO HELP CL>IFY ! ?9K+ ( PEOPLE LIKE ! GOOD ,PR(ESSOR ,EP/E91 SO ?AT ! PROSPECTS ( AN >RANG$ M>RIAGE MI<T BE LESS RISKY = EI!R P>TY4 ,:5 ?IS K9D ( 9TIMACY IS 9VOLV$1 ONE %\LD M9IMIZE RISKS40 

,SO1 ,PROYECT IS CONC]N$ ?AT ,M>XI/S MAY BE LO/ TO AN>*ISM IF !Y ACTUALLY DISCUSS !IR IDEAS ) US AN>*I/S6 ,NICE TO KN[ ?AT AN>*ISM IS SO ATTRACTIVE4 ,BUT HIS COMM5TS >E WOR?Y ( DEEP] ANALYSIS4 

,LET US DISSECT !M4 

0,?IS >TICLE IS ! FIR/ 9 A S]IES ?AT WILL TRY TO COME TO T]MS ) AN>*I/ IDEOLOGY4 ,! *IEF PURPOSE IS NOT TO *ANGE AN>*I/ M9DS40 

,?IS IS UND]/&ABLE1 AS ANY AN>*I/ WILL SIMPLY LAU< AT ! NONS5SE ,PROYECT SUBJECTS US TO 9 ?IS ESSAY4 ,?IS IS BECAUSE1 UNLIKE ,PROYECT1 AN>*I/S ACTUALLY HAVE READ SOME AN>*I/ !ORY & MANY HAVE READ ! WORKS ( ,BAKUN94 ,ONCE Y\ DO ?AT1 IT IS EASY TO REFUTE ,PROYECT'S 0CRITIQUE40 ,!RE=E IT IS WISE = ,PROYECT TO ADMIT HE DOES NOT SEEK TO CONV]T ! KN[L$GEABLE4 ,HIS T>GET IS ! IGNORANT1 ! MANY ,M>XI/S :O HAVE NEV] READ AN>*I/ !ORY & SIMPLY REPEAT P>ROT-LIKE ! 9ACCURATE ASS]TIONS CONTA9$ 9 ESSAYS LIKE ,PROYECT'S4 ,H>% WORDS1 ,I KN[1 BUT IT IS R>E TO F9D A ,M>XI/ >TICLE ON AN>*ISM :I* IS REMOTELY ACCURATE 7SEE ,AN ,AN>*I/ ,F,A,Q'S SECTION ,H4#b & ! APP5DIX ON 0,AN>*ISM & ,M>XISM0 = A FEW EXAMPLES :I* PROVE ?AT ,PROYECT'S ESSAY IS NOT AN ISOLAT$ EXAMPLE ( ,M>XI/S WRIT+ AB\T SOME?+ !Y DO NOT UND]/&74 

,HE CONT9UES3 

0,AFT] ALL1 IF A MOVEM5T HAS MA9TA9$ AN EXI/5CE = OV] #ae YE>S )\T ANY TANGIBLE VICTORIES1 ONE MI<T HAVE TO ASK :E!R SOME?+ O!R ?AN RATIONAL EXPECTATIONS OR PRACTICAL POLITICS KEEPS IT AFLOAT40 

,IT MU/1 ( C\RSE1 BE NOT$ ?AT ALL ! 0VICTORIES0 ( ,M>XISM 5D$ UP PROV+ EMPIRICAL EVID5CE 9 SUPPORT ( ,BAKUN9'S CRITIQUES 7& PR$ICTIONS7 AB\T ,M>XISM4 ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRACY BECAME AS RE=MI/ AS ,BAKUN9 PR$ICT$1 GIV5 ITS USE ( 0POLITICAL ACTION40 ,! ,BOL%EVIK REVOLUTION QUICKLY BECAME ! DICTATOR%IP OV] ! PROLET>IAT AS ,BAKUN91 YET AGA91 PR$ICT$4 ,) 0VICTORIES0 LIKE !SE1 ,M>XI/S DO NOT NE$ DEFEATS6 

,!RE=E1 ! SAME CAN BE SAID ( ,M>XISM4 ,AFT] ALL1 :]E HAS ,M>XISM ACTUALLY PRODUC$ SOCIALISM8 ,WELL1 !RE IS 9 EXI/5CE V>I\S ONE-P>TY DICTATOR%IPS PRESID+ OV] /ATE CAPITALI/ ECONOMIES :I* CLAIM TO BE 0,M>XI/40 ,IF !SE >E 0TANGIBLE VICTORIES0 !N MO/ PEOPLE W\LD AGREE ?AT ,PROYECT REALLY NE$S A BETT] DICTION>Y4 ,) ITS TRACK RECORD1 WE WOND] :AT KEEPS ,PROYECT'S 0,M>XISM0 AFLOAT8 ,BUT1 !N AGA91 DEAD ?+S G5]ALLY DO FLOAT444 

,AN>*I/S CAN1 ( C\RSE1 PO9T TO POSITIVE EXAMPLES ( \R IDEAS WORK+ 9 PRACTICE 7ALL ( :I* W]E DEFEAT$ BY SUP]IOR \TSIDE =CE74 ,! ,P>IS ,COMMUNE1 = EXAMPLE1 WAS OBVI\SLY 9FLU5C$ BY ! IDEAS ( ,PR\DHON &1 9 FACT1 IMPLEM5T$ MANY ( HIS IDEAS 7SU* AS M&AT+ DELEGATES1 ! CREATION ( CO-OP]ATES1 A BOTTOM-UP F$]ATION ( COMMUNES74 ,BAKUN9 7UNLIKE ,M>X7 PR$ICT$ ?AT WORK]S' C\NCILS 7BAS$ ON M&AT$ DELEGATES7 W\LD BECOME ! FRAMEWORK ( A SOCIALI/ SOCIETY1 DECADES BE=E ,L59 USURP$ HIS VISION & RHETORIC TO 5SURE ,BOL%EVIK P>TY RULE4 ,DUR+ ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION1 ! ,MAKHNOVI/ >MY 9 ! ,UKRA9E GAVE A CLE> ALT]NATIVE TO ,BOL%EVIK P>TY DICTATOR%IP1 FI<T+ BO? ,R$ & ,:ITE DICTATOR%IP = A F$]ATION ( FREE SOVIETS & WORK] & PEASANT FRE$OM & SELF-MANAGEM5T4 ,9 ,ITALY1 ! ,ITALIAN AN>*I/ & SYNDICALI/S W]E AT ! =EFRONT ( ! NE> REVOLUTION :I* ACCUMULAT$ 9 ! FACTORY OCCUPATIONS 9 #a#i#b4 ,!Y PLAY$ AN IMPORTANT ROLE 9 FI<T+ ! RISE ( FASCISM4 ,BO? /RUGGLES W]E BETRAY$ BY ! ,SOCIALI/ ,P>TY & !IR TRADE UNIONS4 ,9 ,SPA91 ! AN>*O-SYNDICALI/ UNION ! ,C,N,T WAS ! DRIV+ =CE ( ! REVOLUTION>Y #a#i#cS1 LEAD+ ! RESI/ANCE AGA9/ ,FRANCO'S C\P & EXPROPRIAT+ ! MEANS ( PRODUCTION & PLAC+ !M UND] WORK]S SELF-MANAGEM5T AFT]W>DS4 ,DEFEAT WAS 5SUR$ BY ! ACTIONS ( ! ,SOCIALI/S & ,COMMUNI/S 7) :OM ! AN>*I/S MI/AK5LY COMPROMIS$ ) AGA9/ ! GREAT] EVIL ( ,FRANCO74 ,I C\LD GO ON1 BUT ,I FEEL ,I HAVE PROV$ MY PO9T4 

,ULTIMATELY1 ,PROYECT IS SIMPLY %[+ HIS IGNORANCE ( BO? AN>*ISM & REALITY BY HIS COMM5TS4 

,PROYECT CONT9UES3 

0,WE 9/EAD 9T5D TO HELP CL>IFY ! ?9K+ ( PEOPLE LIKE ! GOOD ,PR(ESSOR ,EP/E91 SO ?AT ! PROSPECTS ( AN >RANG$ M>RIAGE MI<T BE LESS RISKY = EI!R P>TY4 ,:5 ?IS K9D ( 9TIMACY IS 9VOLV$1 ONE %\LD M9IMIZE RISKS40 

,9 O!R WORDS1 ! TASK ,PROYECT HAS TAK5 UPON HIMSELF 7& 9FLICT$ UPON US67 IS TO 0$UCATE0 ?OSE ,M>XI/S & O!R RADICALS :O MAY ACTUALLY TRY TO UND]/& AN>*ISM4 ,?IS IS UND]/&ABLE4 ,AN>*ISM IS A MOVEM5T & A !ORY RI* 9 !ORY1 CON/RUCTIVE IDEAS & PRACTICE & ) A P[]FUL CRITIQUE ( OR?ODOX ,M>XISM4 ,9 ORD] TO 5SURE ?AT ,M>XI/S DO NOT GET EXPOS$ TO ALT]NATIVE 7& MORE RADICAL7 IDEAS1 IT IS BE/ TO 0M9IMIZE RISKS0 BY GETT+ A PREEMPTIVE /RIKE 9 :I* PA9TS AN>*ISM 9 A BAD LI<T4 ,IF ,PROYECT CAN PUT (F 0PEOPLE LIKE ! GOOD ,PR(ESSOR0 FROM /UDY+ AN>*ISM MORE CLOSELY1 !N ,M>XISM CAN BE SAV$6 

,H[ HE DOES ?IS IS SIGNIFICANT4 ,RA!R ?AN ADDRESS ACTUAL AN>*I/ IDEAS1 HE RA!R DECIDES TO ATTACK AN 9DIVIDUAL AN>*I/1 NAMELY ,BAKUN94 ,RA!R ?AN CRITIQUE MOD]N AN>*ISM1 ITS !ORY & PRACTICE1 ,PROYECT PLAYS SAFE & CONC5TRATES ON SOMEONE :O DI$ OV] #abe YE>S AGO4 ,NOT 9T5T ON ATTACK+ ! LONG DEAD1 HE ALSO ADDS 9SULT TO 9JURY BY MO/LY LOOK+ AT ?OSE ASPECTS ( ,BAKUN9'S IDEAS AN>*I/S HAVE REJECT$ & DISCUSS+ ,BAKUN9'S PRE-,AN>*I/ WORK & ACTIVITY4 ,9 ADDITION1 HE FAILS TO PRES5T EV5 A CLOSE APPROXIMATION ( HIS IDEAS4 ,?IS IS TO BE UND]/OOD1 AS AN HONE/ APPRAISAL ( AN>*ISM W\LD MEAN EVALUAT+ ! IDEAS ?AT AN>*I/S HAVE TAK5 FROM ,BAKUN9 & NOT ! MAN HIMSELF4 

,HE EXPLA9S HIS *OICE3 

0,= MANY REASONS1 ,BAKUN9 IS A GOOD PLACE TO />T 9 SU* AN 9VE/IGATION4 ,NOT ONLY IS HE A F\ND+ FA!R ( AN>*ISM1 HIS C>E] DEVELOP$ P>TLY AS A S]IES ( IDEOLOGICAL & ORGANIZATIONAL *ALL5GES TO ,M>X40 

,LOOK+ AT ! >TICLE1 IT SEEMS ?AT MO/ ( ! 0MANY REASONS0 = PICK+ ,BAKUN9 IS ?AT IT ALL[S ,PROYECT TO1 FIR/LY1 QUOTE FROM ,BAKUN9'S PRE-AN>*I/ DAYS1 SECONDLY1 TO PO9T TO ,BAKUN9'S P]SONAL FAIL+S1 &1 ?IRDLY1 TO APPEAL TO MO/ ,M>XI/'S IGNORANCE ,BAKUN9'S IDEAS TO REPEAT ! USUAL 9ACCURACIES AB\T !M4 ,?IS CAN BE SE5 FROM ! FACT ,PROYECT SIMPLY FAILS TO ACTUALLY DISCUSS ,BAKUN9'S MA9 IDEAS -- 9 O!R WORDS1 MO/ ( ! IDEAS :I* AN>*I/S HAVE TAK5 FROM ,BAKUN94 

,HE />TS BY NOT+ ! COMMON ROOTS ( ,M>X & ,BAKUN9 9 ,HEGEL4 ,HE !N >GUES3 

0,9 ! E>LY #a#h#dS1 AS BO? ,M>X & ,BAKUN9 W]E /RUGGL+ TO TRANSC5D ! ,HEGELIAN FRAMEWORK1 !Y MADE CONTACT ) SOCIALI/ & COMMUNI/ CIRCLES L$ BY ?9K]S SU* AS ,MOSES ,HESS1 ,WILHELM ,WEITL+ & ,P4,J4 ,PR\DHON4 ,:AT UNITES !SE E>LY ?9K]S IS !IR T5D5CY TO SEE ! /RUGGLE = A CLASSLESS SOCIETY 9 MORAL OR PHILOSOPHICAL T]MS4 ,!Y HOP$ TO LEAD ,EUROPEAN SOCIETY TO A BETT] FUTURE ?R\< A K9D ( PROPHETIC D5UNCIATION ( CONTEMPOR>Y ILLS4 ,PR\DHON'S NOTION ?AT 'PROP]TY IS !FT' EPITOMIZES ?IS APPROA*40 

,UN=TUNATELY = ?IS >GUM5T1 ,M>X >GU$ ?AT 0,NOT ONLY DOES ,PR\DHON WRITE 9 ! 9T]E/ ( ! PROLET>IANS HE IS HIMSELF A PROLET>IAN1 AN \VRI]4 ,HIS WORK IS A SCI5TIFIC MANIFE/O ( ! ,FR5* PROLET>IAT40 .<,COLLECT$ ,WORKS1 VOL4 #d1 P4 #d#a.> ,PR\DHON'S BOOK ,:AT IS ,PROP]TY8 IS1 CORRECTLY1 CONSID]$ A L&M>K 9 SOCIALI/ ?\<T1 AS RECOGNIZ$ EV5 BY ,M>X 7:O1 AFT] ,PR\DHON'S DEA?1 ACKN[L$G$ ITS IMPORTANCE74 ,PR\DHON'S FAM\S MAXIM 70,PROP]TY IS !FT07 IS A SUMMATION ( A DETAIL$ CRITIQUE ( PROP]TY & ITS EXPLOITATIVE & OPPRESSIVE NATURE AS WELL AS B\RGEOIS JU/IFICATIONS = IT1 A CRITIQUE :I* IS /ILL WOR? READ+4 

,SO DID ,PR\DHON CONSID] A 0BETT] FUTURE0 AS >RIV+ ?R\< 0PROPHETIC D5UNCIATION ( CONTEMPOR>Y ILLS08 ,:ILE ,PR\DHON1 LIKE ,M>X1 D5\NC$ ! CURR5T ILLS ( SOCIETY1 HE DID NOT ?9K ?AT ?IS WAS 5\<4 ,HE ALSO SAW ?AT ! WORK+ CLASS C\LD 5SURE ! 5D ( CAPITALISM4 ,HE 0PREA*.<$.> EMANCIPATION TO ! PROLETAIRES2 ASSOCIATION TO ! LABOR]S40 .<,:AT IS ,PROP]TY81 P4 #a#c#g.> ,?IS FOCUS ON WORK+ PEOPLE AS ! MEANS ( 5D+ CAPITALISM WAS /RESS$ MORE 9 ,SY/EM ( ,ECONOMICAL ,CONTRADICTIONS3 

0,IF Y\ POSSESS SOCIAL SCI5CE1 Y\ KN[ ?AT ! PROBLEM ( ASSOCIATION CONSI/S 9 ORGANIZ+ 444 ! PRODUC]S1 & BY ?IS ORGANIZATION SUBJECT+ CAPITAL & SUBORD9AT+ P[]4 ,SU* IS ! W> ?AT Y\ HAVE TO SU/A93 A W> ( LABOR AGA9/ CAPITAL2 A W> ( LIB]TY AGA9/ AU?ORITY2 A W> ( ! PRODUC] AGA9/ ! NON-PRODUC]2 A W> ( EQUALITY AGA9/ PRIVILEGE 444 TO CONDUCT ! W> TO A SUCCESSFUL CONCLUSION1 444 IT IS ( NO USE TO *ANGE ! HOLD]S ( P[] OR 9TRODUCE SOME V>IATION 9TO ITS WORK+S3 AN AGRICULTURAL & 9DU/RIAL COMB9ATION MU/ BE F\ND BY MEANS ( :I* P[]1 TODAY ! RUL] ( SOCIETY1 %ALL BECOME ITS SLAVE40 .<PP4 #c#i#g-#h.> 

,?IS WAS REQUIR$ BECAUSE ! /ATE WAS AN 9/RUM5T ( CLASS RULE1 :I* 0F9DS ITSELF 9EVITABLY 5*A9$ TO CAPITAL & DIRECT$ AGA9/ ! PROLET>IAT40 .<,PR\DHON1 ,OP4 ,CIT41 P4 #c#i#i.> ,GIV5 ?IS1 ,PR\DHON /RESS$ ?R\<\T ! #ahdh REVOLUTION ?AT 0! PROLET>IAT MU/ EMANCIPATE ITSELF )\T ! HELP ( ! GOV]NM5T40 .<QUOT$ BY ,GEORGE ,WOODCOCK1 ,PI]RE-,JOSEPH ,PR\DHON3 ,A ,BIOGRAPHY1 P4 #a#b#e.> ,UNSURPRIS+LY1 HE PO9T$ TO ! WORK]S ASSOCIATIONS BE+ CREAT$ AS NOT ONLY CONFIRMATION ( HIS [N SOCIALI/ IDEAS BUT ALSO AS EXAMPLES TO BE FOLL[$ & G5]ALIZ$4 ,HE ALSO >GU$ ! IMPORTANCE ( ANALYZ+ ! CONTRADICTIONS 91 & DEVELOPM5TS )91 CAPITALISM 9 ORD] TO CREATE A SOCIALISM ROOT$ 9 REALITY RA!R ?AN 9 UTOPIAN VISIONS4 ,?IS WAS ! BASE ( HIS CRITIQUE ( UTOPIAN SOCIALISM 9 ,SY/EM ( ,ECONOMIC ,CONTRADICTIONS4 ,9 %ORT1 ,PR\DHON'S ACTUAL POSITION WAS ! EXACT OPPOSITE ( :AT IT ACTUALLY WAS -- IF HE HAD READ ,PR\DHON RA!R ?AN ,M>X'S WRIT+S ON ! ,FR5*MAN HE W\LD HAVE KN[N ?AT4 ,BUT ?AT1 ,I FE>1 W\LD BE ASK+ TOO MU*6 

,:ILE ,PR\DHON WAS NOT A REVOLUTION>Y1 IT CANNOT BE SAID HE 0HOP$ TO LEAD ,EUROPEAN SOCIETY TO A BETT] FUTURE ?R\< A K9D ( PROPHETIC D5UNCIATION ( CONTEMPOR>Y ILLS40 ,RA!R1 HE COMB9$ :AT HE CONSID]$ AS A SCI5TIFIC ANALYSIS ( CURR5T PROBLEMS ) A SOLUTION TO !M BAS$ ON WORK+ CLASS SELF-ORGANIZATION & ACTION4 ,BAKUN9 TOOK ,PR\DHON'S /RESS ON WORK+ CLASS SELF-ORGANIZATION & APPLI$ IT TO REVOLUTION>Y POLITICS4 

,AFT] SUBJECT+ ,PR\DHON TO ! /&>D ,M>XI/ DI/ORTION ( HIS POSITION1 ,PROYECT >GUES3 

0,M>X EV5TUALLY CAME TO ! CONCLUSION ?AT A CRITIQUE ( CAPITALISM HAD TO BE ROOT$ 9 POLITICAL ECONOMY RA!R ?AN E?ICS4 ,WRITT5 9 #a#h#d#f-#d#g1 ,! ,POV]TY ( ,PHILOSOPHY IS NOT ONLY AN ANSW] TO ,PR\DHON'S ,PROP]TY IS ,!FT1 IT ALSO CONTA9S SOME ( ! BASIC ECONOMIC 9SI<TS ?AT W\LD BE MORE FULLY DEVELOP$ 9 ,CAPITAL40 

,ACTUALLY1 ,M>X'S WORK WAS 0AN ANSW]0 TO ,PR\DHON'S ,SY/EM ( ,ECONOMIC ,CONTRADICTIONS & :AT ,M>X VIEW$ AS ! LIMITATIONS ( ,PR\DHON PO/-,:AT IS ,PROP]TY8 7:I* HE CONSID]$ ,PR\DHON'S BE/ WORK74 ,IT MU/ ALSO BE /RESS$ ?AT ,M>X'S BOOK IS RIDDL$ ) SELECTIVE QUOT+1 TAMP]$ QUOTES &1 ALOT ( ! TIME1 PURE 9V5TION -- 9 %ORT1 IT PROVIDES ! TEMPLATE ( ALMO/ ALL SUBSEQU5T ,M>XI/ ATTACKS ON AN>*ISM4 ,AS A GOOD ,M>XI/1 ,PROYECT W\LD NOT KN[ ?IS AS READ+ ,PR\DHON W\LD NEV] CROSS HIS M9D4 ,MOREOV]1 ,M>X WAS NOT ALONE 9 SEEK+ TO ROOT HIS 0CRITIQUE ( CAPITALISM0 9 0POLITICAL ECONOMY0 7NOR 9 ! CONTRADICTIONS & DEVELOPM5TS )9 CAPITALISM74 ,?IS WAS ALSO ,PR\DHON'S AIM 79DE$1 LONG BE=E ,M>X1 ,PR\DHON CALL$ HIS IDEAS 0SCI5TIFIC SOCIALISM07 & HE >GU$ AGA9/ ! AB/RACT UTOPIAN SOCIALI/ S*EMES ASSOCIAT$ ) ,F\RI] & ,[54 ,M>X CREAT$ HIS CRITIQUE ( POLITICAL ECONOMY BY BUILD+ UPON PREVI\S SOCIALI/ WORKS1 9CLUD+ ,PR\DHON 7:O /AT$1 ) *>ACT]I/IC MODE/Y1 ?AT 0:AT ,M>X'S BOOK REALLY MEANS IS ?AT HE IS SORRY ?AT EV]Y:]E ,I HAVE ?\<T ! WAY HE DOES1 & SAID SO BE=E HE DID4 ,ANY DET]M9$ READ] CAN SEE ?AT IT IS ,M>X :O1 HAV+ READ ME1 REGRETS ?9K+ LIKE ME4 ,:AT A MAN60 .<QUOT$ BY ,PAUL ,?OMAS1 ,K>L ,M>X & ! ,AN>*I/S1 P4 #b#a#a.>74 

,& :AT >E WE TO MAKE ( ! IDEA ?AT 0A CRITIQUE ( CAPITALISM0 HAS TO 0BE ROOT$ 9 .<A CRITIQUE (.> POLITICAL ECONOMY RA!R ?AN E?ICS40 ,NO AN>*I/ W\LD D5Y ! IMPORTANCE ( UND]/&+ H[ AN EXPLOITATIVE & OPPRESSIVE SY/EM WORKS1 9 ANALYZ+ IT 9 ORD] TO BETT] OV]?R[ IT4 ,AFT] ALL1 AN>*I/S DO CRITIQUE ! CAPITALI/ SY/EM & DO SO EXPLICITLY TO AID ITS DE/RUCTION4 ,H[EV]1 MO/ AN>*I/S COMB9E SCI5TIFIC ANALYSIS ) AN E?ICAL COMMITM5T & VISION4 ,! IDEA ?AT REMOV+ Y\R HE>T MAKES Y\ A BETT] REVOLUTION>Y IS NONS5SE4 ,IT SIMPLY TURNS Y\ 9TO ! MIRROR IMAGE ( ! SY/EM :I* Y\ >E OPPOS$ TO4 ,ULTIMATELY1 ,PROYECT IS URG+ US TO BECOME AS ONE-SID$ AS ! SY/EM WE >E TRY+ TO *ANGE4 

,PROYECT >GUES3 

0,LACK+ AN ANALYSIS ( ! LAWS ( CAPITALI/ ACCUMULATION1 ANY ATTEMPT TO DEVELOP A NEW REVOLUTION>Y MOVEM5T W\LD BE OP5 TO ! 9CONSI/5CIES & MORALIZ+ ?AT *>ACT]IZE ,PR\DHON'S SOCIALISM1 ,BAKUN9 9CLUD$40 

,IT CANNOT BE SAID ?AT ,M>X IS )\T HIS 9CONSI/5CIES4 ,AFT] ALL1 IT SEEMS ?AT EA* ,M>XI/ SECT HAS ITS [N 7CORRECT67 9T]PRETATION ( ,M>X4 ,! MULTITUDE ( DEBATES ON ,M>X'S 0POLITICAL ECONOMY0 IS LEG5D>Y 7! MO/ BASIC1 & LEA/ (T5 VOIC$1 ONE BE+ :E!R IT IS A 0CRITIQUE ( POLITICAL ECONOMY0 OR JU/ 0POLITICAL ECONOMY10 P]SONALLY ,I'LL SIDE ) ,M>X OV] ,PROYECT ON ?IS ISSUE674 ,POLITICALLY1 !RE IS ! QUE/ION ( :AT ,M>X MEANT BY 0! DICTATOR%IP ( ! PROLET>IAT0 -- IS IT ! DEC5TRALIZ$ F$]AL1 BOTTOM-UP VISION ( ! 7,PR\DHON 9FLU5C$7 ,P>IS ,COMMUNE OR ! C5TRALIZ$1 TOP-D[N VISION ( ! #ahe 0,ADDRESS TO ! ,COMMUNI/ ,LEAGUE0 & ! VISION ( 0SOCIALI/0 GOV]NM5TS COM+ TO P[]8 

,AS SU*1 9CONSI/5CIES >E TO BE EXPECT$ 9 ANY WRIT] & 9DIVIDUAL'S 9T]PRETATIONS ( !IR WORK4 ,! AIM ( REVOLUTION>Y !ORY IS TO TRANSC5D PREVI\S WRIT]S1 TAKE :AT IS USEFUL & BUILD UPON IT4 ,?IS IS AS APPLICABLE TO ,M>X AS IT IS TO ,PR\DHON & ,BAKUN94 ,! IDEA ?AT ,M>X BUILT A 0CONSI/0 IDEOLOGY :I* WE MU/ CON/ANTLY REF] TOO & SQUEEZE NEW EXP]I5CES & 9SI<TS 9TO IS ONE :I* W\LD HAVE BE5 =EIGN TO ,M>X4 ,SADLY1 HIS MANY ( HIS SELF-PROCLAIM$ FOLL[]S DO NOT SEEM TO %>E ?AT P]SPECTIVE4 

,EQUALLY1 :ILE NO AN>*I/ W\LD D5Y ! IMPORTANCE ( ANALYZ+ & UND]/&+ ! WAY ! CURR5T ECONOMY WORKS1 WE RECOGNIZE ?AT A TRULY REVOLUTION>Y !ORY MU/ BE BAS$ AN ANALYSIS ( ALL ASPECTS ( SOCIETY -- ! /ATE1 HI]>*Y1 SEXISM1 RACISM & SO ON4 ,TO FOCUS ON JU/ ONE ASPECT ( MOD]N LIFE IMPOV]I%ES !ORY & A REVOLUTION>Y MOVEM5T4 ,&1 MORE IMPORTANTLY1 !ORY MU/ BE ORGANICALLY L9K$ TO PRACTICE & BE ROOT$ 9 ! MOVEM5T AS A :OLE4 

,AS SU*1 TO CLAIM ?AT ONLY BY UND]/&+ ! LAWS ( CAPITALI/ ACCUMULATION CAN A NEW REVOLUTION>Y MOVEM5T BE CREAT$ IS LIMIT$4 ,NEV] M9D ! BOR+ WORK ( ORGANIZ+ UNIONS & FI<T+ ! CLASS W>4 ,NO1 ?AT WILL NOT PRODUCE A REVOLUTION>Y MOVEM5T4 ,ONLY BY SITT+ 9 ! ,BRITI% ,MUSEUM & /UDY+ H>D CAN WE DO ?AT6 ,PROYECT'S >GUM5T EXPLA9S SO MU*4 ,CLE>LY ! REASON :Y ! ,P>IS ,COMMUNE FAIL$ WAS SIMPLY BECAUSE ! ,COMMUN>DS HAD NOT /UDI$ ,CAPITAL WELL 5\< 7& GIV5 ?AT VOLUMES TWO & ?REE CAME \T AFT] ,M>X'S DEA? 9 #a#h#h#c1 !Y W]E DOOM$ TO BEG9 )74 ,EQUALLY1 ,ZAPATA OBVI\SLY FAIL$ BECAUSE HE HAD NOT READ 0,CAPITAL0 9 ALL ?REE VOLUMES 7HE %\LD HAVE W5T TO ! LIBR>Y MORE674 ,IT ALSO EXPLA9S :Y NO SUCCESSFUL SOCIALI/ REVOLUTION HAS OCCURR$1 AFT] ALL1 ONLY ,M>X FULLY UND]/OOD HIS [N !ORY & S9CE HE DI$ 9 #ahhc WE >E LEFT ) V>I\S 09CONSI/5T0 9T]PRETATIONS ( HIS WORK4 

,MY S>CASM DOES RAISE A S]I\S & IMPORTANT PO9T4 ,MO/ PEOPLE HAVE TO WORK 9 ORD] TO SURVIVE UND] CAPITALISM & SO CANNOT GIVE ! TIME REQUIR$ = ! EXT5SIVE /UDY ,M>X CONDUCT$4 ,?IS1 BY NECESSITY1 LEAVES ! 0NEW REVOLUTION>Y .<SIC6.> MOVEM5T0 9 ! H&S ( ! 0REVOLUTION>Y0 9TELLIG5TSIA1 :O W\LD 9JECT 0REVOLUTION>Y0 !ORY 9TO A WORK+ CLASS 9CAPABLE ( DEVELOP+ ITSELF BY ITS [N EF=TS4 ,?IS1 ( C\RSE1 WAS CONSID]$ ! OR?ODOX ,M>XI/ POSITION = DECADES4 ,L59 TOOK IT OV] FROM ,KAUTSKY & IT BECAME ! BASIS1 AS ,BAKUN9 FE>$1 = ! RULE BY P>TY LEAD]S OV] ! MASSES 7:O >E SUBJECT TO 09CONSI/5CIES0 UNTIL ! 0IRON0 & 0SCI5TIFIC0 LEAD]S74 ,AS NOT$ ABOVE1 IF ! P>TY IS 0ADVANC$0 !N EV]YONE ELSE IS 0BACKW>D0 & SO WE HAVE ! BASIS = ! K9D ( P>TY DICTATOR%IP PRACTIC$ & JU/IFI$ BY ! ,BOL%EVIKS4 

,9 ! WORDS ( ,L593 

0! DICTATOR%IP ( ! PROLET>IAT CANNOT BE EX]CIS$ ?R\< AN ORGANIZATION EMBRAC+ ! :OLE ( ! CLASS1 BECAUSE 9 ALL CAPITALI/ C\NTRIES 7& NOT ONLY OV] H]E1 9 ONE ( ! MO/ BACKW>D7 ! PROLET>IAT IS /ILL SO DIVID$1 SO DEGRAD$1 & SO CORRUPT$ 9 P>TS 444 ?AT AN ORGANIZATION TAK+ 9 ! :OLE PROLET>IAT CANNOT DIRECT EX]CISE PROLET>IAN DICTATOR%IP4 ,IT CAN BE EX]CIS$ ONLY BY A VANGU>D 444 ,SU* IS ! BASIC ME*ANISM ( ! DICTATOR%IP ( ! DICTATOR%IP ( ! PROLET>IAT1 & ! ESS5TIALS ( TRANSITIONS FROM CAPITALISM TO COMMUNISM 444 = ! DICTATOR%IP ( ! PROLET>IAT CANNOT BE EX]CIS$ BY A MASS PROLET>IAN ORGANIZATION40 .<,COLLECT$ ,WORKS1 VOL4 #c#b1 P4 #b#a.> 

,?US1 ,PROYECT'S >GUM5T IS ! BASIS = P>TY P[]1 NOT WORK]S P[]4 ,IT ALSO HAS ANO!R1 EQUALLY T]RIBLE1 SIDE EFFECT4 ,?IS IS ! ID5TIFICATION ( PROGRESS ) 0ACCUMULATION40 ,! BIGG] ! MEANS ( PRODUCTION1 ! BETT]4 ,?IS MEANT ?AT 0SOCIALI/0 ACCUMULATION C\LD BE JU/IFI$ & IMPLEM5T$ UPON ! WORK]S4 ,9 ADDITION1 IT MEANT ID5TIFY+ SOCIALISM ) CAPITALISM4 ,RA!R ?AN SEE+ ! SOCIALISM AS BE+ BUILT FROM BEL[1 BAS$ ON ! ORGANIZATIONS CREAT$ BY WORK+ CLASS PEOPLE 9 ! CLASS /RUGGLE1 0SOCIALISM0 IS SE5 AS BE+ A PRODUCT ( CAPITALI/ DEVELOPM5T4 ,?US ! FRAMEWORK ( A 0SOCIALI/0 ECONOMY W\LD BE ! /RUCTURES BUILT AS A RESULT ( CAPITALI/ ACCUMULATION4 ,AS ,L59 PUT IT1 SOCIALISM 0IS NO?+ BUT ! NEXT /EP =W>D FROM /ATE CAPITALI/ MONOPOLY4 ,9 O!R WORDS1 ,SOCIALISM IS M]ELY /ATE CAPITALI/ MONOPOLY MADE TO B5EFIT ! :OLE PEOPLE2 BY ?IS TOK5 IT CEASES TO BE CAPITALI/ MONOPOLY40 .<,! ,?REAT5+ ,CATA/ROPHE & H[ TO AVOID IT1 P4 #c#g.> ,( C\RSE1 CAPITALISM HAS DEVELOP$ TO CONC5TRATE P[] 9 A FEW H&S & SO CANNOT BE 0MADE TO B5EFIT ! :OLE PEOPLE40 ,AS ,BOL%EVIK ,RUSSIA %[$1 IT WAS ONLY ! REPRES5TATIVES ( 0! :OLE PEOPLE0 :O B5EFIT$4 

,AS SU*1 ! FOCUS ON 0CAPITAL ACCUMULATION0 HAS DRAWN REVOLUTION>Y POLITICS 9TO A DEAD-5D1 A DEAD-5D :I* RESULT$ 9 MANY DEAD WORK]S4 

,I MU/ /RESS ?AT ,AN>*I/S 7LIKE ,BAKUN97 DO NOT DRAW ! ELITI/ CONCLUSIONS :I* ,KAUTSKY & ,L59 D]IV$ FROM ! FACT ?AT WORK]S (T5 HAVE LITTLE TIME TO /UDY4 ,WE /RESS ! IMPORTANCE ( WORK+ CLASS LIFE & /RUGGLE 9 G5]AT+ SOCIALI/ IDEAS4 ,A PROCESS ( SELF-$UCATION & SELF-LIB]ATION ?R\< /RUGGLE 7I4E4 SELF-ACTIVITY74 ,9 ! WORDS ( ,BAKUN93 

0! G]MS ( .<SOCIALI/ ?\<T.> 444 .<>E TO.> BE F\ND 9 ! 9/9CT ( EV]Y E>NE/ WORK]4 ,! GOAL 444 IS TO MAKE ! WORK] FULLY AW>E ( :AT HE WANTS1 TO UNJAM )9 HIM A /REAM ( ?\<T CORRESPOND+ TO HIS 9/9CT 444 ,:AT IMP$ES ! SWIFT] DEVELOPM5T ( ?IS SALUT>Y ?\< AMONG ! WORK+ MASSES8 ,!IR IGNORANCE TO BE SURE1 ?AT IS1 = ! MO/ P>T ! POLITICAL & RELIGI\S PREJUDICES ) :I* SELF-9T]E/$ CLASSES /ILL TRY TO OBSCURE !IR CONSCI\S & !IR NATURAL 9/9CT4 ,H[ CAN WE DISPEL ?IS IGNORANCE & DE/ROY !SE H>MFUL PREJUDICES8 ,BY $UCATION & PROPAG&A8 444 !Y >E 9SUFFICI5T 444 .<&.> :O WILL CONDUCT ?IS PROPAG&A8 444 .<,!.> WORK]S' WORLD 444 IS LEFT ) BUT A S+LE PA?1 ?AT ( EMANCIPATION ?R\< PRACTICAL ACTION 444 ,IT MEANS WORK]S' SOLID>ITY 9 !IR /RUGGLE AGA9/ ! BOSSES4 ,IT MEANS TRADE-UNIONS1 ORGANIZATION 444 ,TO DELIV] .<! WORK].> FROM ?AT IGNORANCE .<( REACTION>Y IDEAS.>1 ! ,9T]NATIONAL RELIES ON COLLECTIVE EXP]I5CE HE GA9S 9 ITS BOSOM1 ESPECIALLY ON ! PROGRESS ( ! COLLECTIVE /RUGGLE ( ! WORK]S AGA9/ ! BOSSES 444 ,AS SOON AS HE BEG9S TO TAKE AN ACTIVE P>T 9 ?IS :OLLY MAT]IAL /RUGGLE1 444 ,SOCIALISM REPLACES RELIGION 9 HIS M9D444 ?R\< PRACTICE & COLLECTIVE EXP]I5CE 444 ! PROGRESSIVE & DEVELOPM5T ( ! ECONOMIC /RUGGLE WILL BR+ HIM MORE & MORE TO RECOGNIZE HIS TRUE 5EMIES 444 ,! WORK]S ?US 5LI/$ 9 ! /RUGGLE WILL NECESS>ILY 444 RECOGNIZE HIMSELF TO BE A REVOLUTION>Y SOCIALI/1 & HE WILL ACT AS ONE40 .<,! ,BASIC ,BAKUN91 P4 #a#b-#c.> 

,?US REVOLUTION>Y !ORY IS DEVELOP$ AS P>T ( ! CLASS /RUGGLE1 NOT SEP>ATELY FROM IT4 ,! CRITIQUE ( CAPITALISM IS A PRODUCT ( WORK+ CLASS EXP]I5CE & /RUGGLE1 NOT AB/RACTLY /UDY+ 0! LAWS ( CAPITALI/ ACCUMULATION40 

,PROYECT RETURNS TO ,BAKUN93 

0,FIR/ & =EMO/1 ,BAKUN9'S IDEOLOGY IS ,HEGELIANISM 9 REV]SE4 ,:]E ,HEGEL T5DS TO PUT A PLUS ON ,G]MAN POLITICS & SOCIETY1 ,BAKUN9 PUTS A M9US4 ,9/EAD ( LOOK+ TO ! ,PRUSSIAN ,JUNK]S /ATE AS ! EMBODIM5T ( ! IMPULSE TO FRE$OM & SELF-ACTUALIZATION1 ,BAKUN9 LOOKS TO ANO!R NATIONALITY TO LEAD HUMANITY =W>D1 NAMELY ! ,SLAVS40 

,WE WOND] :]E ,PROYECT GOT ?IS NONS5SE FROM4 ,AFT] ALL1 ,BAKUN9 SP5T A LOT ( TIME & EF=T 5C\RAG+ REVOLUTION 9 ,ITALY1 ,FRANCE & ,SPA94 ,HE DID NOT PLACE ! ,SLAV'S 9 A PRIVILEG$ POSITION AS REG>DS ! REVOLUTION4 ,HE WAS1 ( C\RSE1 EXTREMELY CRITICAL ( ! ,G]MANS 7JU/ AS ,M>X & ,5GELS W]E EXTREMELY CRITICAL ( ! ,SLAVS7 BUT ?IS DOES NOT EQUATE TO CONSID]+ ! ,SLAVS AS ! LEAD]%IP ( ! WORLD REVOLUTION4 ,AS HE PUT IT1 0A SOCIAL REVOLUTION CANNOT BE A REVOLUTION ( ONE NATION ALONE4 ,IT IS BY NATURE AN 9T]NATIONAL REVOLUTION 444 ! ,SLAVIC PROLET>IAT MU/ 5T] ! ,9T]NATIONAL ,WORK+ ,M5'S ,ASSOCIATION 5 MASS40 .<,/ATISM & ,AN>*Y1 P4 #d#i.> ,AT BE/1 IT C\LD BE SAID ?AT AS ,BAKUN9 WAS ,RUSSIAN1 HE WAS CONC]N$ ) ! FATE ( HIS FELL[ ,RUSSIANS4 ,HE DID NOT1 H[EV]1 ?9K ?AT ! ,SLAVS W\LD BE SAVIOR ( HUMANITY4 

,PROYECT CONT9UES3 

0,AL?\< Y\ CAN F9D ?IS !ME ?R\<\T ,BAKUN9'S WRIT+S1 ITS MO/ CONC5TRAT$ =M APPE>S 9 ,/ATISM & ,AN>*Y1 AN UNCOMPLET$ BOOK REPRES5T+ HIS MO/ MATURE ?9K+1 TO PUT IT G5]\SLY4 ,ON NE>LY EV]Y PAGE1 Y\ F9D /]EOTYPES AB\T ,G]MANS & ,SLAVS4 ,! =M] HAVE 'A PASSION = /ATE ORD] & /ATE DISCIPL9E' BECAUSE ( ',G]MAN BLOOD1 ,G]MAN 9/9CT1 & ,G]MAN TRADITION1' :ILE ! LATT] 'LACK ?IS PASSION4' 7,/ATISM & ,AN>*Y1 P4 #d#e70 

,IT SEEMS /RANGE ?AT ,PROYECT DOES NOT M5TION ,M>X & ,5GELS /]EOTYP+ ( PEOPLES 7SU* AS ,JEWS7 & !IR 7LET US SAY7 0UN5LI<T5$0 VIEWPO9T ON ,BLACKS & O!RS4 ,P]HAPS HE DOES NOT KN[ AB\T !M1 AS ONE ,M>XI/ NOTES 0! DISPOSITION TO IDOLIZE ! F\ND]S ( ,M>XISM0 HAS BE5 COMMON 9 ,M>XI/ CIRCLES1 ) !IR FOLL[]S 0]AS+ 5TIRELY1 NOT ONLY ALL EXPRESSIONS !Y REG>D$ AS VULG> & ALL REF]5CES TO COMP>ATIVELY TRIVIAL P]SONAL MATT]S ?AT W\LD HAVE %[N ! TWO M5 9 A LESS ?AN :OLLY FAVORABLE LI<T1 BUT ALSO A L>GE NUMB] ( POLITICALLY & IDEOLOGICALLY EMB>RASS+ /ATEM5TS !Y HAD MADE PRIVATELY TO EA* O!R & TO ?IRD P>TIES40 7,PET] ,FRY]1 0,5GELS3 ,A ,MAN ( HIS ,TIME01 ,! ,CONDITION ( ,BRITIAN1 ,JOHN ,LEA & ,GE(F ,PILL+ 7$S4774 ,= ANYONE 9T]E/$ 9 ! FLAWS ( ,M>X & ,5GELS CAN CONSULT ,FRY]'S ESSAY AS ,I DON'T ?9K ITS RELEVANT TO COMM5T ON IT 7B> TO NOTE ?AT ,M>X & ,5GELS ID5TIFICATION ( CIVILIZATION ) ,ANGO-,SAXON CULTURE ALL[$ !M TO JU/IFY 0PROGRESSIVE0 IMP]IALISM74 

,%\LD WE G5]ALIZE FROM ?IS & DISMISS ! :OLE ( ,M>X & ,5GELS WORK8 ,IF WE TAKE ,PROYECT'S ANALYSIS ( ,BAKUN9 S]I\SLY1 ! ANSW] HAS TO BE YES4 ,SO GOODBYE ,BAKUN91 ,M>X1 ,5GELS1 ,R\SSEAU & ALL ! O!R ?9K]S :O EXPRESS$ PREJUDIC$ :I* CONTRADICT$ !IR POLITICS6 

,I MU/ ALSO NOTE ?AT ,BAKUN9'S PREJUDICES1 LIKE ,M>X & ,5GELS'1 DID NOT 9FLU5CE HIS 9T]NATIONALISM4 ,ON ! SAME PAGE AS ,PROYECT QUOTES1 WE DISCOV] ,BAKUN9 >GU+ ?AT ! ,SLAVS 0CAN ONLY LIB]ATE !MSELVES 444 ONLY BY SUMMON+ !M .<! ,G]MANS.> TO UNIV]SAL LIB]TY & UNIV]SAL BRO!RHOOD ON ! RU9S ( ALL EXI/+ /ATES4 ,BUT /ATES DO NOT TOPPLE ( !IR [N ACCORD2 !Y CAN ONLY BE TOPPL$ BY A MULTI-NATIONAL1 MULTI-RACIAL1 WORLD-WIDE SOCIAL REVOLUTION40 ,A FEW PAGES ON1 ,BAKUN9 >GUES ?AT 0LIB]ATION ( ! PROLET>IAT IS ABSOLUTELY IMPOSSIBLE )9 ! FRAMEWORK ( ANY /ATE 444 ,?AT IS POSSIBLE1 H[EV]1 ONLY ?R\< CONC]T$ ACTION BY ! PROLET>IAT ( ALL C\NTRIES :OSE ORGANIZATION FIR/ ON ! ECONOMIC BASIS IS PRECISELY ! OBJECT ( ! ,9T]NATIONAL ,WORK+ ,M5'S ,ASSOCIATION 444 ,WE W\LD HAVE BE5 ! FIR/ TO URGE ! ,SLAVS TO =M AN ALLIANCE ) !M .<! ,AU/RIAN WORK]S.> HAV+ AS ITS OBJECTIVE ! DE/RUCTION ( ! /ATE1 ! PEOPLE'S PRISON40 ,AS SU*1 ,BAKUN9'S 0/]EOTYP+0 ( ! ,G]MANS DID NOT AFFECT HIS DESIRE = WORLD SOCIALISM4 

,IGNOR+ ! FACT ?AT ,M>X & ,5GELS1 LIKE ,BAKUN91 WAS FLAW$1 ,PROYECT CONT9UES3 

0,FUR!RMORE1 AS IF REF]R+ TO A ?OR\<BR$ HORSE1 ,BAKUN9 REF]S TO ,CZE* PEASANTS AS REPRES5T+ 'ONE ( ! MO/ SPL5DID ,SLAVIC TYPES4' ',HUSSITE BLOOD FL[S 9 !IR VE9S1 ! HOT BLOOD ( ! ,TABORITES1 & ! MEMORY ( ,ZIZKA LIVES )9 !M4' ,S9CE ! ,HUSSITE REBELLION TOOK PLACE 9 ! #a#e? C5TURY1 ! ,CZE*S MU/ HAVE A V]Y LONG MEMORY40 

,OBVI\SLY \R ,M>XI/ HAS NEV] HE>D ( FOLK TALKS1 ORAL HI/ORY & O!R MEANS BY :I* PEOPLE PASS !IR EXP]I5CES ?R\< ! G5]ATIONS4 ,?IS IS UNSURPRIS+1 AS WE HAVE SE5 H[ LITTLE WEI<T ,PROYECT GIVES TO ACTUAL EXP]I5CE & KN[L$GE G5]AT$ 9 SOCIAL /RUGGLE4 

,PROYECT !N MOVES ONTO :AT HE CONSID]S FIRM] GR\ND3 

0,LACK+ EV5 ! RUDIM5TS ( AN UND]/&+ ( ! CONTRADICTIONS ( ! CAPITALI/ SY/EM1 ,BAKUN9 CAN ( C\RSE NOT DETECT *ANGES TAK+ PLACE B5EA? ! SURFACE40 

,GIV5 ?AT ,BAKUN9 HAD READ & AGRE$ ) ,M>X'S ANALYSIS CONT9U$ 9 ,CAPITAL1 WE CAN ONLY SURMISE ?AT IF ,BAKUN9 WAS 0LACK+0 9 ?IS1 !N ,M>X IS P>TLY TO BLAME 9 MAK+ HIS BOOK DIFFICULT TO READ6 ,OR1 !N AGA91 CAN ,BAKUN9 BE BLAM$ BECAUSE VOLUMES TWO & ?REE ( ,CAPITAL CAME \T TW5TY YE>S AFT] HIS DEA?8 ,ALSO1 ,I'M SURE ,BAKUN9 W\LD HAVE LOV$ TO SP5D ! #a#h#eS 9 ,LONDON1 /UDY+ ! CONTRADICTIONS ( ! CAPITALI/ SY/EM 9 ! ,BRITI% ,LIBR>Y1 BUT SADLY HE WAS 9 A ,CZ>I/ PRISON4 

,H[EV]1 ?IS IS BESIDE ! PO9T4 ,IF Y\ DO READ ,BAKUN9'S WORKS1 Y\ WILL DISCOV] ?AT HE DID HAVE A FIRM GRASP ( ! CONTRADICTIONS ( ! CAPITALI/ SY/EM & A CLE> AW>5ESS ( ! =CES :I* WILL 5D IT 7I4E4 ! PROLET>IAT & PEASANTRY74 ,MOREOV]1 ,BAKUN9 ALWAYS /RESS$ ! ECONOMY CANNOT EXPLA9 EV]Y?+ ?AT OCCURS 9 SOCIETY4 ,CULTURE1 POLITICS1 CLASS /RUGGLE & SO ON ALL HAVE AN IMPACT ON SOCIAL DEVELOPM5T & REVOLUTION>Y MOVEM5TS4 ,?IS P]SPECTIVE1 IT %\LD BE NOT$1 HAS BE5 TAK5 OV] BY MORE SOPHI/ICAT$ ,M>XI/S SEEK+ AN ESCAPE FROM ! DEAD-5D ( ! MORE ME*ANI/IC =MS ( HI/ORICAL MAT]IALISM ?AT HAVE EXI/$4 

,AFT] %[+ HIS IGNORANCE ( ,BAKUN9'S WORK1 ,PROYECT WRITES3 

0,!RE IS VIRTUALLY NO ATTEMPT TO ANALYZE ,G]MAN SOCIETY AS A PRODUCT ( CLASS CONTRADICTIONS4 ,BAKUN9 REG>DS ! WORK]S 'AS CONFUS$ BY !IR LEAD]S - -POLITICIANS1 LIT]ATI & ,JEWS1' EV5 ?\<1 AS HE ADMITS1 'SC>CELY A MON? OR A WEEK GOES BY )\T A /REET DI/URBANCE OR SOMETIMES EV5 A CLA% ) ! POLICE 9 SOME ,G]MAN CITY4' ,BAKUN9 CAN SC>CELY KEEP HIS FRU/RATION UND] WRAPS AS HE RAILS AT WORK+-CLASS WILL+NESS TO VOTE = SOCIALI/S RA!R ?AN JU/ GO+ \T & MAK+ A GO%-D>N$ REVOLUTION4 ,IF HE ,BAKUN9 UND]/&S H[ EVIL ! SY/EM IS1 :Y CAN'T !Y80 

,LOOK+ AT ,PROYECT'S COMM5TS WE >E /RUCK BY ITS /RANG5ESS 7& NOT ONLY 9 COMP>+ HIS SUMM>Y ) :AT ,BAKUN9 ACTUALLY WROTE674 ,AFT] ALL1 ! HI/ORY ( ! LABOR MOVEM5T IS FULL ( EXAMPLES ( LEAD]S BETRAY+ !IR FOLL[]S 7P>T ( ! REASON :Y AN>*I/S REJECT 9/ITUTIONALIZ$ LEAD]%IPS74 ,EQUALLY1 SU* ,M>XI/S AS ,TROTSKY /RESS$ ?AT ! KEY PROBLEM FAC+ ! WORK+ CLASS WAS1 PRECISELY1 ! PROBLEM ( LEAD]%IP 7AS HE PUT IT1 0! HI/ORICAL CRISIS ( MANK9D IS R$UC$ TO ! CRISIS ( ! REVOLUTION>Y LEAD]%IP074 ,AS SU*1 ,PROYECT'S COMM5TS SEEM CONTRADICTORY1 ACCUS+ ,BAKUN9 = ! FAULTS ASSOCIAT$ ) A SPECIFIC =M ( 0,M>XISM40 

,:AT AB\T ,PROYECT'S G5]AL PO9T8 ,RA!R ?AN EXPRESS 0FRU/RATION10 ,BAKUN9'S COMM5TS >E M]E REPORT+ ( ! FACTS4 ,! FACT ?AT WORK]S CONT9UE TO VOTE SOCIALI/ 7OR ,DEMOCRAT OR EV5 ,REPUBLICAN67 RA!R ?AN TAKE REVOLUTION>Y DIRECT ACTION CAN BE CONSID]$ ANNOY+4 ,?AT EXPLA9S :Y ,BAKUN9 SP5T SO MU* TIME >GU+ ?AT ! LABOR MOVEM5T %\LD BE BAS$ ON MILITANT DIRECT ACTION ORGANIZ$ ON AN ECONOMIC BASIS 7:AT W\LD LATT] BECOME REVOLUTION>Y SYNDICALISM74 ,HE SP5T A LOT ( TIME >GU+ = A REAL ALT]NATIVE TO ELECTIONE]+1 SO %[+ H[ ,BAKUN9 UND]/OOD ! NE$ TO W9 ! WORK+ CLASS MOVEM5T OV] TO ! IDEAS ( AN>*ISM1 DIRECT ACTION1 SOLID>ITY & REVOLUTION>Y SELF-ORGANIZATION FROM BEL[4 ,AS SU*1 ,PROYECT PA9TS A RADICALLY FALSE PICTURE ( ,BAKUN91 FAIL+ TO NOTE HIS EXT5SIVE ACTIVITIES )9 ! ,FIR/ ,9T]NATIONAL & WRIT+S = ! WORK]S PRESS EXPLA9+ HIS IDEAS4 

,( C\RSE1 ,PROYECT DOES NOT QUOTE ! MORE IMPORTANT COMM5TS FROM ,BAKUN9 FROM ! PAGE 9 QUE/ION1 NAMELY ?AT 0SO-CALL$ LEGAL & PEACEFUL AGITATION 444 USUALLY HAS ITS RESULT ! ELECTION TO ! ,G]MAN P>LIAM5T ( ONE OR TWO WORK]S 7OR EV5 B\RGEOIS SCRIBBL]S7 FROM ! ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRATIC ,P>TY4 ,NOT ONLY IS ?IS NOT DANG]\S1 IT IS A HI<LY USEFUL TO ! ,G]MAN /ATE AS A LI<T5+-ROD1 OR A SAFETY-VALUE40 ,M>XISM1 ,BAKUN9 >GU$1 09EXORABLY 5ME%ES & 5TANGLES ITS ADH]5TS1 UND] ! PRETEXT ( POLITICAL TACTICS1 9 5DLESS ACCOMMODATION ) GOV]NM5TS & ! V>I\S B\RGEOIS POLITICAL P>TIES - ?AT IS1 IT ?RU/S !M DIRECTLY 9TO REACTION40 .<,/ATISM & ,AN>*Y1 P4 #aic & PP4 #a#g#i-#h.> ,?IS IS UND]/&ABLE1 AS ! ACTUAL HI/ORY ( SOCIAL DEMOCRACY & B\RGEOIS DEMOCRACY CONFIRMS ,BAKUN9'S COMM5TS4 ,AS ,LLOYD ,GEORGE1 ! LA/ LIB]AL ,P,M ( ,BRITA9 COMM5T$ DUR+ ! SYNDICALI/ REVOLT1 P>LIAM5T>Y SOCIALI/S W]E 0! BE/ POLICEMAN = ! ,SYNDICALI/40 ,ELECT+ SOCIALI/S DID NOT PRODUCE SOCIALISM1 RA!R IT HAS HELP$ CAPITALISM KEEP GO+ &1 AS A NECESS>Y P>T ( ?IS1 UND]M9$ EFFECTIVE MASS /RUGGLE & DIRECT ACTION 9 FAVOR ( ACTIONS BY A FEW LEAD]S 9 B\RGEOIS 9/ITUTIONS4 

,LITTLE WOND] ,PROYECT IGNORES ! :EAT 9 FAVOR ( MISREPRES5T+ ! *AFF4 

,PROYECT REA*ES NEW DEP?S BY >GU+3 

0,:ILE RE=MISM WAS C]TA9LY A PROBLEM 9 ! ,G]MAN SOCIAL DEMOCRACY1 ONE MI<T D\BT :E!R ,BAKUN9'S PETULANT \TBUR/S W\LD HAVE HAD MU* AFFECT4 ,MO/LY :AT !Y BOIL D[N TO IS AN APPEAL TO WORK]S TO AB&ON !IR TRADE UNIONS & P>TIES1 AN APPEAL HE>D FROM ! RUL+ CLASS ?AT WAS MIX$ ) A G5]\S DOSE ( REPRESSION40 

,IT IS1 ( C\RSE1 SIGNIFICANT ?AT ,PROYECT PROVIDES NO EXAMPLES ( !SE APPEALS BY ,BAKUN9 TO WORK]S TO AB&ON 0!IR TRADE UNIONS40 ,?IS IS BECAUSE NONE EXI/4 ,9 FACT1 ,BAKUN9 CON/ANTLY /RESS$ ?AT WORK]S %\LD =M TRADE UNIONS & ?AT !SE W\LD BE ! MEANS TO A*IEVE SOCIALISM4 ,= EXAMPLE1 TO QUOTE FROM A WORK ,PROYECT CLAIMS TO HAVE READ 7NAMELY ,/ATISM & ,AN>*Y7 WE F9D ,BAKUN9 >GU+ ?AT 

0! ,SLAVIC PROLET>IAT 444 MU/ 5T] ! ,9T]NATIONAL 5 MASS1 =M FACTORY1 >TISAN1 & AGR>IAN SECTIONS 444 ,)9 ! ,9T]NATIONAL 444 ! ,SLAVIC WORK]S CAN & %\LD MEET FRAT]NALLY ) ! ,G]MAN WORK]S 444 ,?AT IS ! SOLE PA? TO ! LIB]ATION ( ! ,SLAVS40 ,HE /RESS$ ?AT ! ,SLAV SECTION ( ! ,9T]NATIONAL %\LD RECOGNIZE 0ONLY ! FULL SOLID>ITY ( 9DIVIDUALS1 SECTIONS & F$]ATIONS 9 ! ECONOMIC /RUGGLE ( ! WORK]S ( ALL C\NTRIES AGA9/ !IR EXPLOIT]S4 ,IT WILL SEEK P>TICUL>LY TO DRAW ! ,SLAVIC WORK]S 9TO ALL ! PRACTICAL CONSEQU5CES ( ?IS /RUGGLE40 .<P4 #ea & P4 #b#b.> 

,ELSE:]E1 ,BAKUN9 >GU$ ?AT 0! NATURAL ORGANIZATION ( ! MASSES 444 IS ORGANIZATION BAS$ ON ! V>I\S WAYS ?AT !IR V>I\S TYPES ( WORK DEF9E !IR DAY-TO-DAY LIFE2 IT IS ORGANIZATION BY TRADE ASSOCIATION4 ,FROM ! MOM5T ?AT EV]Y OCCUPATION -- 9CLUD+ ! V>I\S AGRICULTURAL TRADES -- IS REPRES5T$ )9 ! ,9T]NATIONAL1 ITS ORGANIZATION1 ! ORGANIZATION ( ! MASSES ( ! PEOPLE1 WILL BE COMPLETE4 0 .<,! ,BASIC ,BAKUN91 P4 #a#c#i.> ,EV5 ,M>X KNEW ?IS4 ,9 HIS WORDS1 ,BAKUN9 ?\<T ?AT ! 0WORK+ CLASS 444 MU/ ONLY ORGANIZE !MSELVES BY TRADES-UNIONS40 .<,M>X1 ,5GELS & ,L591 ,AN>*ISM & ,AN>*O-,SYNDICALISM1 P4 #d#h.> 

,?AT ,PROYECT CAN WRITE SU* NONS5SE SIMPLY %[S ?AT HE HAS NO CONC]N = ! TRU?4 

,AFT] LY+ AB\T ,BAKUN9'S IDEAS1 ,PROYECT CONT9UES3 

0,BAKUN9'S FIXATION ) 'BLOOD' & '9/9CT' APPE>S ELSE:]E4 ,Y\ CAN FREQU5TLY DETECT AN ELEM5T ( #a#i?-C5TURY ,SOCIAL ,D>W9ISM1 EV5 ?\< ,BAKUN9 T5DS NOT TO CITE ANYBODY LIKE ,H]B]T ,SP5C]40 

,FASC9AT+4 ,TRULY FASC9AT+4 ,PROYECT OBVI\SLY IS AN A/UTE CRITIC1 AFT] ALL NO O!R COMM5TATOR HAS NOTIC$ ?IS ELEM5T ( 0,SOCIAL ,D>W9ISM0 9 ,BAKUN9 BE=E6 ,IT %\LD BE NOT$ ?AT 0,SOCIAL ,D>W9ISM0 CELEBRATES 9DIVIDUALISM1 9EQUALITY1 HI]>*Y1 COMPETITION & SO ON1 ALL POSITIONS ,BAKUN9 EXPLICITLY OPPOS$ & >GU$ AGA9/6 ,LITTLE WOND] O!R COMM5TATORS MISS$ ?IS 0ELEM5T0 ( ,SOCIAL ,D>W9ISM6 ,BAKUN91 ! DEVI\S MAN ?AT HE WAS1 HID IT B5EA? ! OPPOSITE OP9IONS6 ,LUCKILY WE HAVE ,PROYECT TO DELVE 0B5EA? ! SURFACE0 = US6 

,EQUALLY1 ! COMM5TS ON 0BLOOD0 & 09/9CT0 IS US$1 ,I AM SURE1 BY ,L\IS TO IMPLY SOME SORT ( L9K BETWE5 ,BAKUN9 & ,NAZISM4 ,! ATTEMPT TO ASSOCIATE ! 5EMY 7NO MATT] :O7 ) FASCISM IS A SADLY COMMON APPROA* FROM ,M>XI/S4 ,C\LD ?IS BE BECAUSE SO MANY ( ! LEAD+ LI<TS ( ,FASCISM 9 ,ITALY ORIG9ALLY CONSID]$ !MSELVES ,M>XI/S8 ,OR IS IT GUILT = ! FACT ?AT 9 #aibc ! ,G]MAN ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY UND]TOOK ! BRIEF 0,S*LAGET] TURN0 ( SEV]AL MON?S DUR+ :I* IT WORK$ ) ! ,NAZIS 9 A CAMPAIGN AGA9/ ! ,V]SAILLES ,TREATY8 ,NO MATT] :AT ! REASON1 ?IS SORT ( 0HI/ORY BY H9DSI<T0 IS H>DLY CONV9C+4 

,SO :AT IS ! EVID5CE = !SE 0ELEM5TS0 ( 0,SOCIAL ,D>W9ISM08 ,PROYECT 5LI<T5S US3 

0,9 ! MO/ BIZ>RE EXPRESSION ( ?IS1 HE TRIES TO EXPLA9 PATRIOTISM AS BE+ ROOT$ 9 BIOLOGY40 ,AFT] QUOT+ ,BAKUN9 FROM ,OP5 ,LETT]S TO ,SWISS ,COMRADES1 ,PROYECT OP9ES3 0,( C\RSE1 ?IS IS COMPLETE NONS5SE4 ,IF ANY?+1 PATRIOTISM IS A RELATIVELY REC5T PH5OM5ON 9 HUMAN HI/ORY1 V]Y MU* ASSOCIAT$ ) ! RISE ( ! NATION-/ATE4 ,S9CE ,BAKUN9 LACKS AN ANALYSIS ( ! ORIG9 ( ! /ATE1 IT %\LD COME AS NO SURPRISE ?AT HE CONFUSES IT ) ! G>D540 

,IT IS EASY TO REFUTE ,PROYECT1 WE SIMPLY HAVE TO READ ! ESSAY 9 QUE/ION4 ,ONCE WE DO1 WE DISCOV] ?AT ,PROYECT IS TOTALLY DI/ORT+ ,BAKUN9'S IDEAS4 ,! QUOTE ,PROYECT DECIDES TO QUOTE IS FROM ,BAKUN9'S DISCUSSION ( ! FIR/ ( F\R ELEM5TS ( PATRIOTISM1 NAMELY ! 0NATURAL OR PHYSIOLOGICAL ELEM5T0 AS OPPOS$ TO 0! ECONOMIC ELEM5T10 ! 0POLITICAL ELEM5T0 & ! 0RELIGI\S OR FANATICAL ELEM5T40 ,! 0NATURAL0 ELEM5T1 :I* ,BAKUN9 CALLS 0! BASIS ( ALL NAIVE1 9/9CTIVE & BRUTI% PATRIOTISM10 IS ! 0AUTOMATIC & :OLLY UNCRITICAL1 9/9CTIVE ATTA*M5T = H]$IT>Y OR TRADITIONAL WAYS ( LIFE :I* >E COLLECTIVELY ACCEPT$0 & 0A P>TICUL> COMB9ATION ( COLLECTIVE HABITS 444 DEVELOP$ BY TRADITION OR BY HI/ORY40 ,9 O!R WORDS1 BY 0NATURAL PATRIOTISM0 ,BAKUN9 MEANT CU/OM1 ATTA*M5T TO A SPECIFIC CULTURE1 WAY ( LIFE1 & >EA & NOT NATIONALISM 7I4E4 LOVE ( ! NATION-/ATE74 ,I WOND] IF ,PROYECT WILL D5Y ?AT PEOPLE FEEL ATTA*M5T TO :]E !Y GR[ UP1 !IR CULTURE & SO ON8 ,?AT NATIONALISM PLAYS ON1 & DI/ORTS1 !SE NATURE FEEL+S DOES NOT MEAN !Y DO NOT EXI/4 ,9DE$1 ,BAKUN9 NOTES ! 0NATURAL ELEM5T0 ( PATRIOTISM WAS A 0NATURAL FEEL+1 BE+ 9 ESS5CE & 9 REALITY AN ALTOGE!R BASICALLY LOCAL FEEL+1 IS A S]I\S OB/ACLE TO ! =MATION ( ,/ATES0 :I* CAN ONLY 0E/ABLI% !MSELVES ONLY BE DE/ROY+ 444 ?IS ANIMAL PASSION40 

,PROYECT & ,BAKUN9 >E TALK+ AB\T DIFF]5T ?+S -- AS ,PROYECT IS UND\BT$LY AW>E4 

,AS REG>DS 0POLITICAL PATRIOTISM10 ,BAKUN9 DISMISSES IT AS 0! SOLID>I/IC 9T]E/0 ( ! 0PRIVILEG$ CLASS0 9 *>GE ( ! /ATE4 ,IT IS A 0!OLOGY ( ! ,/ATE10 CREAT$ TO 5SURE ?AT ! MASSES ACCEPT !IR OPPRESSION4 ,! /ATE ITSELF WAS CREAT$ TO DEF5D 0A REAL COLLECTIVE BODY 444 A PRIVILEG$ BODY0 9 ITS EXPLOITATION ( ! 0GREAT MASSES ( ! PEOPLE10 NAMELY 0! GOV]N+ & PROP]TY-[N+ CLASS40 .<P4 #a#g#g.> ,9 O!R WORDS1 ,BAKUN9 SEES ! /ATE AS BE+ ! MEANS BY :I* AN EXPLOIT+ M9ORITY DEF5DS ITSELF AGA9/ ! MASSES & SO ! ORIG9 ( ! /ATE IS 9 9EQUALITY4 ,! SIMIL>ITIES ) ,M>X >E OBVI\S1 SO IF ,BAKUN9 0LACKS AN ANALYSIS ( ! ORIG9 ( ! /ATE0 !N SO DOES ,PROYECT6 

,PROYECT EI!R SEEKS TO DECEIVE 7BY DELIB]ATELY DI/ORT+ ,BAKUN9'S IDEAS7 OR IS SIMPLY IGNORANT 7BY SKIMM+ ,BAKUN9'S WORKS = QUOTES RA!R ?AN TRY+ TO UND]/& :AT HE IS SAY+74 

,AFT] DI/ORT+ ,BAKUN9'S IDEAS1 ,PROYECT >GUES3 

0,ONE W\LD BE AT A LOSS TO DET]M9E :]E ,BAKUN9 CAME UP ) SU* H>E-BRA9$ NOTIONS40 

,?AT IS EASY TO DET]M9E1 AS !Y >E FROM ,PROYECT'S [N M9D6 

,PROYECT CONT9UES3 

0,S9CE !RE >E NEV] ANY S*OL>LY CITATIONS 9 HIS WORK1 ONE MU/ ASSUME ?AT HE WAS SIMPLY REFLECT+ COMMONPLACE IDEAS FLOAT+ >\ND 9 ! ,EUROPEAN MIDDLE-CLASS ( HIS AGE4 ,ONE IMAG9ES ?AT HE WAS TOO BUSY FOM5T+ 9SURRECTIONS TO F9D TIME TO GO TO A LIBR>Y40 

,GIV5 ?AT LAT] 9 HIS 9V5TIONS1 ,PROYECTS IMPLIES ?AT ,BAKUN9 HAD 0BE5 SITT+ >\ND 9 ! SEW]S HAT*+ CONSPIRACIES BY C&LELI<T0 ,I HAVE TO WOND] IF ?AT IS :]E ,PROYECT ?9KS HE F\ND !SE 0MIDDLE-CLASS0 IDEAS8 ,EQUALLY1 BE+ A ,RUSSIAN EX->I/OCRAT HE W\LD HAVE BE5 GIV5 ! BE/ $UCATION AVAILABLE1 ,I AM SURE -- EXCEPT1 ( C\RSE1 HE W\LD HAVE MISS$ A FEW CLASSES :5 HE WAS 9 SOLID>ITY CONF9EM5T 9 ! #a#h#eS -- & ,BAKUN9 ALWAYS /RESS$ ! IMPORTANCE ( $UCATION4 

,SO ,PROYECT'S LESSON TO ALL ! RADICALS \T !RE IS SIMPLE3 ,GET YE TO A LIBR>Y 7PREF]ABLY1 ! 0POLITICAL ECONOMY0 SECTION67 OR ,L\IS ,PROYECT WILL DI/ORT Y\R >GUM5TS6 

,SIMPLY PUT1 ! QUALITY ( A WRIT] OR !IR WORK IS NOT DEP5D5T ON 0S*OL>LY CITATIONS10 AS ,PROYECT HIMSELF PROVES4 ,PROYECT'S SELECTIVE USE ( !M SIMPLY ALL[S ! READ] TO DISCOV] H[ 9ACCURATE HIS >GUM5TS >E4 ,I W\LD1 ( C\RSE1 /RESS ! IMPORTANCE ( /UDY & $UCATION4 ,AFT] ALL1 IT WAS BY GO+ TO MY [N LIBR>Y ?AT ,I F\ND ! BOOKS ,I NE$$ TO REFUTE ,PROYECT'S PA!TIC ESSAY4 

,PROYECT1 AFT] URG+ US ALL TO READ MORE1 /ATES3 

0,!N AGA91 P]HAPS ,BAKUN9 W\LD HAVE NOT GOTT5 MU* USE \T ( A LIBR>Y GIV5 ANTI-9TELLECTUAL PREJUDICES SU* AS !SE3 

',BY CONTRA/ TO ALL METAPHYSICIANS1 POSITIVI/S1 & S*OL>LY OR UNS*OL>LY WOR%IP]S ( ! GODDESS SCI5CE1 WE MA9TA9 ?AT NATURAL & SOCIAL LIFE ALWAYS PREC$ES ?\<T 7:I* IS M]ELY ONE ( ITS FUNCTIONS7 BUT IS NEV] ITS RESULT4 ,LIFE DEVELOPS \T ( ITS [N 9EXHAU/IBLE DEP?S BY MEANS ( A SUCCESSION ( DIV]SE FACTS1 NOT A SUCCESSION ( AB/RACT REFLECTIONS2 ! LATT]1 ALWAYS PRODUC$ BY LIFE BUT NEV] PRODUC+ IT1 LIKE MILE/ONES M]ELY 9DICATE ITS DIRECTION & ! DIFF]5T PHASES ( ITS SPONTANE\S & SELF-G5]AT$ DEVELOPM5T4' 7,/ATISM & ,AN>*Y1 P4 #a#c#e7 

0,ALL[+ ?AT ?IS =MULA HAS A C]TA9 K9D ( RAFFI% #a#i#fS *>M1 IT IS PRACTICALLY USELESS AS A GUIDE = ! 9TELLIG5T PURSUIT ( SCI5CE4 ,TO /ATE ?AT SOCIAL LIFE PREC$ES ?\<T IS A TRUISM4 ,BUT H[ EXACTLY DO WE DEVELOP A ME?OD ?AT CAN MAKE S5SE \T ( ! NATURAL WORLD & SOCIETY8 ,?AT IS ! REAL QUE/ION4 ,BY ALL EVID5CE ( ,BAKUN9'S WORK1 !RE IS NO 9DICATION ?AT SU* A ME?OD WAS ( ANY 9T]E/ TO HIM4 ,RA!R Y\ F9D VULG> OP9IONAT+ WOR?LESS TO ANYBODY TRY+ TO MAKE S5SE ( ,EUROPEAN SOCIETY ( ! MID-#a#i? C5TURY1 LET ALONE ! WORLD WE LIVE 9 TODAY40 

,IGNOR+ HIS OBVI\S HATR$ = ! #a#i#fS1 ,I CAN SAFELY SAY ?AT 7YET AGA967 ,PROYECT MISSES ! PO9T4 ,BAKUN9 IS >GU+ AGA9/ ! IDEA ?AT A FEW 05LI<T5$0 PEOPLE CAN =CE SOCIETY 9TO A GR& S*EME ( !IR [N 9V5TION4 ,RA!R1 SOCIETY 7& SO SOCIALISM7 MU/ BE CREAT$ BY ! WORK+ CLASS BY !IR [N ACTIONS1 ORGANIZATIONS & NE$S4 ,AS ,BAKUN9 PUTS IT 7IMM$IATELY AFT] ! SECTION ,PROYECT QUOTES73 

0,9 KEEP+ ) ?IS CONVICTION1 WE HAVE NEI!R ! 9T5TION NOR ! LEA/ DESIRE TO IMPOSE ON \R [N PEOPLE OR ON ANY O!R AN IDEAL SOCIAL ORGANIZATION ?AT WE HAVE DRAWN FROM BOOKS OR ?\<T UP ON \R [N4 ,9 ! BELIEF ?AT ! MASSES BE> ALL ! ELEM5TS ( !IR FUTURE ORGANIZATIONAL =MS 9 !IR [N MORE OR LESS HI/ORICALLY EVOLV$ 9/9CTS1 9 !IR EV]YDAY NE$S & !IR CONSCI\S & UNCONSCI\S DESIRES1 WE SEEK ?AT IDEAL )9 ! PEOPLE !MSELVES4 ,S9CE EV]Y /ATE P[] 444 BY ITS NATURE & BY ITS POSITION /&S \TSIDE ! PEOPLE & ABOVE !M1 & MU/ 9V>IABLY TRY TO SUBJECT !M TO RULES & OBJECTIVES ALI5 TO !M1 WE DECL>E \RSELVES ! 5EMIES ( 444 EV]Y /ATE P[]444 ,WE BELIEVE ?AT ! PEOPLE CAN ONLY BE HAPPY & FREE :5 !Y CREATE !IR [N LIFE1 ORGANIZ+ !MSELVES FROM BEL[ UPW>DS BY MEANS ( 9DEP5D5T & COMPLETELY FREE ASSOCIATIONS40 .<PP4 #a#c#e-#f.> 

,CLE>LY1 ,PROYECT SIMPLY DI/ORTS ,BAKUN9'S POSITION4 ,EQUALLY1 DOES ,PROYECT SEEK TO 0DEVELOP A ME?OD ?AT CAN MAKE S5SE \T ( ! NATURAL WORLD & SOCIETY0 :I* IS NOT ROOT$ 9 WORK+ CLASS SELF-ACTIVITY & AUTONOMY8 ,IS SOCIALISM CREAT$ FROM BEL[ OR IMPOS$ FROM ABOVE4 ,IS SOCIALISM G5]AT$ FROM WORK+ CLASS LIFE & /RUGGLE OR 9TRODUC$ FROM \TSIDE BY B\RGEOIS 9TELLECTUALS 7I4E4 CAN Y\ BECOME A SOCIALI/ BY TAK+ P>T 9 ! CLASS /RUGGLE OR BY JU/ SITT+ 9 ! LIBR>Y78 ,!SE >E ! REAL QUE/IONS4 ,LITTLE WOND] ,PROYECT DI/ORTS ,BAKUN96 

,EQUALLY1 :5 ,PROYECT /ATES ?AT 0BY ALL EVID5CE ( ,BAKUN9'S WORK1 !RE IS NO 9DICATION ?AT SU* A ME?OD WAS ( ANY 9T]E/ TO HIM40 ,LOOK+ AT PAGE #a#c#e1 WE F9D ,BAKUN9 >GU+1 9 />K CONTRA/ TO ,PROYECT'S CLAIMS ( 0ANTI-9TELLECTUALISM10 ?AT 0WE REVOLUTION>Y AN>*I/S >E PROPON5TS ( UNIV]SAL POPUL> $UCATION0 & ?AT 0G5]AL SCI5TIFIC $UCATION WILL BECOME COMMON PROP]TY1 P>TICUL>LY A FAMILI>ITY ) SCI5TIFIC ME?OD AS A WAY ( ?9K+1 ?AT IS1 ( G5]ALIZ+ FACTS & DRAW+ MORE OR LESS CORRECT CONCLUSIONS FROM !M40 ,?IS1 ,I MU/ /RESS AGA91 IS ON PAGE #ace ( ,/ATISM & ,AN>*Y1 ! V]Y PAGE ,PROYECT QUOTES FROM6 ,SO1 JU/ TO /ATE ! OBVI\S1 ,BAKUN9 IS >GU+ ?AT ! RADICAL MOVEM5T %\LD BE BAS$ ON ! SCI5TIFIC ME?OD1 NAMELY ! G5]ALIZ+ ( FACTS & ! G5]AT+ ( CONCLUSIONS FROM ?OSE FACTS4 ,N[1 IF ,PROYECT DISAGREES ) ?IS1 ! /&>D SCI5TIFIC ME?ODOLOGY1 !N HE %\LD SAY SO RA!R ?AN /ATE1 9 BRAZ5 DISREG>D = ! FACTS1 ?AT ,BAKUN9 HAD NO 9T]E/ 9 SU* A ME?OD 7P]HAPS ! FACT ?AT ,PROYECT IGNORES ?IS ME?ODOLOGY ) REG>DS TO ,BAKUN9 SUGGE/S ?AT ?IS IS ! CASE874 

,SIMPLY PUT1 ,PROYECT IS LY+ AB\T ,BAKUN9'S IDEAS4 ,MAYBE HE HAS ! ONLY COPY ( ,BAKUN9'S ,/ATISM & ,AN>*Y \T ! LIBR>Y & SO ?9KS HIMSELF SAFE FROM PEOPLE *ECK+ HIS QUOTES8 ,:O KN[S1 BUT HE CLE>LY HAS AS LITTLE REG>D = HIS READ]S AS HE DOES = ! TRU?4 

,PROYECT MOVES ON3 

0,ONE ( ! KEY DIFF]5CES BETWE5 ,BAKUN9 & ,M>X IS OV] :AT WE MI<T CALL 'AG5CY1' A T]M DESIGNAT+ ! SOCIAL CLASS CAPABLE ( TRANS=M+ SOCIETY ?R\< REVOLUTION>Y ACTION4 ,DESPITE ! FACT ?AT ! 9DU/RIAL PROLET>IAT HAD NOT A*IEV$ ! SORT ( NUM]ICAL /R5G? & SOCIAL P[] ?AT IT W\LD LAT] 9 ! C5TURY1 ,M>X /AK$ EV]Y?+ ON ?IS EM]G+ CLASS40 

,9 O!R WORDS1 ,M>X /AK$ EV]Y?+ ON A CLASS :I* WAS NOT ! MAJORITY ( ! POPULATION4 ,?US1 :5 HE >GU$ = ! 0DICTATOR%IP ( ! PROLET>IAT0 HE WAS IMPLICITLY >GU+ = M9ORITY RULE4 ,BE> ?IS 9 M9D1 AS ?IS ISSUE WILL %ORTLY RETURN4 

,PROYECT3 

0,! REASONS = ?IS >E DEVELOP$ EXT5SIVELY ?R\<\T HIS WRIT+S1 BUT SUFFICE IT TO SAY AT ?IS PO9T ?AT IT IS RELAT$ TO HIS ANALYSIS ( ! CAPITALI/ ECONOMY4 ,S9CE ! CAPITALI/ SY/EM CAN ONLY SURVIVE ?R\< COMPETITION & REVOLUTIONIZ+ ! MEANS ( PRODUCTION1 IT W\LD ( NECESSITY 9TRODUCE MA*9]Y & -- H5CE -- A PROLET>IAT40 

,ACTUALLY1 IT IS NOT MA*9]Y :I* CREATES A PROLET>IAT4 ,! PROLET>IAT EXI/$ BE=E MA*9]Y WAS 9TRODUC$4 ,JU/ TO REM9D ,PROYECT ( :AT HE %\LD KN[ ALREADY1 ! PROLET>IAT IS A CLASS :I* DOES NOT [N ! MEANS ( PRODUCTION & HAS NO?+ TO SELL BUT ITS LABOR4 ,AS ,M>X DISCUSSES 9 ,CAPITAL1 ! NECESS>Y PR]EQUISITE = 9DU/RIAL CAPITALISM WAS ! EXPROPRIATION ( ! PEASANTRY BY MEANS ( 0PRIMITIVE ACCUMULATION40 ,9DU/RY CAME LATT]1 PROLET>IANIZATION CAME FIR/ 79DE$1 ,M>X NOTES ?AT MA*9]Y WAS US$ EXPLICITLY AS A WEAPON 9 ! CLASS /RUGGLE74 ,OBVI\SLY ITS NOT JU/ ,BAKUN9 ,PROYECT IS IGNORANT (6 

,HE CONT9UES3 

0,9 /RUGGLES OV] WAGES & WORK+ CONDITIONS -- AS WELL AS A HO/ ( ANCILL>Y ISSUES -- ! TWO CLASSES WILL CONFRONT EA* O!R 9 REVOLUTION>Y BATTLES = P[]4 ,:ILE ! PO/-,W,W,I,I ]A LEFT MU* ( ?IS 9 D\BT1 WE >E WITNESS+ A RETURN TO ! 'CLASSIC' NORMS ( ! #a#i? C5TURY1 AS MOD]N CAPITALISM DOES EV]Y?+ 9 ITS P[] TO DE/ROY ! WELF>E /ATE & ! TRADE UNIONS40 

,AH1 YES1 WORK+ CLASS PEOPLE >E JU/ 9T]E/$ 9 ECONOMIC ISSUES4 ,YET MORE %ADES ( ,L596 ,= ,PROYECT1 SOCIALISM APPE>S AS A SIMPLE BIOLOGICAL REFLEX4 ,SADLY1 ?IS HAS NEV] BE5 ! CASE4 ,:ILE ECONOMIC ISSUES >E IMPORTANT1 SO >E POLITICAL1 CULTURAL & O!R ASPECTS ( LIFE4 ,! /RUGGLE AGA9/ OPPRESSION 7HI]>*Y7 IS AN IMPORTANT ASPECT ( ! CLASS /RUGGLE4 ,IT IS A %AME ?AT ,PROYECT IS TRY+ TO PU% ACTIVISM BACK 9TO ! N>R[ ECONOMI/ B\ND>IES :I* ! #a#i#fS HELP$ TO %ATT]4 

,PROYECT >GUES3 

0,AL?\< ,BAKUN9 WAS NO FRI5D ( ! B\RGEOISIE1 HE NEV] SEEM$ TO BE ABLE TO MAKE UP HIS M9D ON ! 'AG5CY' QUE/ION40 

,ACTUALLY1 HE DID4 ,BAKUN9 >GU$ ?AT AN>*I/S SAW 0! NEW SOCIAL ORD]0 BE+ 0ATTA9$ 444 ?R\< ! SOCIAL 7& !RE=E ANTI-POLITICAL7 ORGANIZATION & P[] ( ! WORK+ MASSES ( ! CITIES & VILLAGES40 ,HE >GU$ ?AT 0ONLY ! TRADE UNION SECTIONS CAN GIVE !IR MEMB]S 444 PRACTICAL $UCATION & CONSEQU5TLY ONLY !Y CAN DRAW 9TO ! ORGANIZATION ( ! ,9T]NATIONAL ! MASSES ( ! PROLET>IAT1 ?OSE MASSES )\T :OSE PRACTICAL COOP]ATION 444 ! ,SOCIAL ,REVOLUTION WILL NEV] BE ABLE TO TRIUMPH40 ,! ,9T]NATIONAL1 9 ,BAKUN9'S WORDS1 0ORGANIZES ! WORK+ MASSES 444 FROM ! BOTTOM UP0 & ?AT ?IS WAS 0! PROP] AIM ( ! ORGANIZATION ( TRADE UNION SECTIONS40 ,HE /RESS$ ?AT REVOLUTION>IES MU/ 0.<O.>RGANISE ! CITY PROLET>IAT 9 ! NAME ( REVOLUTION>Y ,SOCIALISM 444 .<&.> UNITE IT 9TO ONE PREP>ATORY ORGANIZATION TOGE!R ) ! PEASANTRY40 ,H[EV]1 09 ORD] ?AT ! PEASANTS RISE 9 REBELLION1 IT IS ABSOLUTELY NECESS>Y ?AT ! CITY WORK]S TAKE UPON !MSELVES ! 9ITIATIVE 9 ?IS REVOLUTION>Y MOVEM5T40 .<,! ,POLITICAL ,PHILOSOPHY ( ,BAKUN91 P4 #c1 P4 #c#a1 P4 #c#a#i1 P4 #c< & P4 #b#d.> ,I C\LD GO ON 7 ,I HAVE ELSE:]E7 BUT ,I WON'T -- = ANYONE :O HAS READ ,BAKUN9 !SE FACTS >E TOO OBVI\S4 

,?US1 = ,BAKUN91 ! 0WORK+ MASSES0 7! PROLET>IAT1 >TISANS & PEASANTRY7 W\LD BE ! AG5T ( SOCIAL *ANGE1 ) ! CITY WORK]S TAK+ ! L$4 ,?IS W\LD CON/ITUTE ! MAJORITY ( ! POPULATION1 RA!R ?AN ,M>X'S FIXATION ON :AT WAS !N A SMALL M9ORITY ( ! WORK+ POPULATION4 

,PROYECT1 IGNOR+ ! FACTS1 CONT9UES3 

0,ADDRESS+ ,M>X'S BELIEF ?AT ! PROLET>IAT BE 'RAIS$ TO ! LEVEL ( A RUL+ CLASS1' ,BAKUN9 PO9T$ \T ?AT SOME O!R CLASS1 LIKE ! 'PEASANT RABBLE1' MI<T 5D UP UND] ! WORK+-CLASS BOOT4 ,?IS CONC]N IS OBVI\SLY RELAT$ TO ,BAKUN9'S PREF]5CE = ! W>MHE>T$ ,SLAVIC PEASANT OV] ! ANAL-RET5TIVE1 AU?ORITY-WOR%IP+ ,G]MAN WORK]3 ',IF WE LOOK AT ! QUE/ION FROM ! NATIONAL PO9T ( VIEW1 !N1 PRESUMABLY1 AS F> AS ! ,G]MANS >E CONC]N$ IT IS ! ,SLAVS :O WILL OCCUPY 9 REG>D TO ! VICTORI\S ,G]MAN PROLET>IAT ?AT ! LATT] N[ OCCUPIES 9 RELATION TO ITS [N B\RGEOISIE4' 

0,ABS5T FROM ,BAKUN9'S DISCUSSION IS ! ECONOMIC & SOCIAL WEI<T ( ! WORK+ CLASS1 :I* C\LD C\NT] ?AT ( ! RUL+ CLASS4 ,FUR!RMORE1 ! PEASANT WAS F> TOO DIFF]5TIAT$ SOCIALLY TO RULE 9 ITS [N NAME4 ,LACK+ ANY SPECIFIC ANALYSIS ( ! AGR>IAN QUE/ION1 ,BAKUN9 WAS CONT5T TO DWELL 9 FANTASIES AB\T ! UNCORRUPT$ PEASANT4 7,/ATISM & ,AN>*Y1 P4 #a#g#g70 

,JU/ 9 CASE Y\ FAIL TO NOTICE1 ,PROYECT IS ACTUALLY PROV+ ,BAKUN9'S PO9T6 ,PROYECT /ATES ?AT 0! PEASANT WAS F> TOO DIFF]5TIAT$ SOCIALLY TO RULE 9 ITS [N NAME40 ,SO :O IS TO RULE OV] IT8 ,CLE>LY ! PROLET>IAT4 ,PROYECT %[S ,BAKUN9 WAS RI<T6 ,:AT A 0CRITIQUE06 

,IT %\LD BE NOT$ ?AT :5 ,BAKUN9 WROTE ,/ATISM & ,AN>*Y1 ! PROLET>IAT WAS ONLY A M9ORITY ( ! WORK+ CLASS 9 ALL ,EUROPEAN C\NTRIES B> ,BRITA9 7AS ,M>X HIMSELF ACKN[L$G$ AT ! SAME TIME74 

,AS SU*1 RA!R ?AN ,BAKUN9 IGNOR+ ! 0ECONOMIC & SOCIAL WEI<T ( ! WORK+ CLASS10 IT IS 9 FACT ,PROYECT :O DOES ?IS4 ,LET ME /RESS ?IS -- ,PROYECT IS >GU+ = DICTATOR%IP BY A M9ORITY CLASS & IS1 IRONICALLY 5\<1 CONFIRM+ ?IS ASPECT ( ,BAKUN9'S CRITIQUE ( ,M>XISM4 ,?ANK Y\1 ,L\IS6 

,EQUALLY1 TO FAIL TO DISCUSS ,5GELS OP9IONS ON ! ,SLAVS 9 #ahdi IS TO DI/ORT ,BAKUN9'S >GUM5TS 7& ITS S\RCES74 ,5GELS >GU$ 9 #ahdi 79 REPLY TO ,BAKUN97 ?AT ! 0/UBBORN ,CZE*S & ! ,SLOVAKS %\LD BE GRATEFUL TO ! ,G]MANS1 :O HAVE TAK5 ! TR\BLE TO CIVILIZE !M40 ,HE W>N$ ?AT 0ONLY 444 ! MO/ DET]M9$ T]RORISM AGA9/ !SE ,SLAVIC PEOPLES0 CAN 0SAFEGU>D ! REVOLUTION40 7QUOT$ 9 ,BAKUN9 ON ,AN>*ISM1 P4 #d#c#b74 ,9DE$1 ,5GELS WAS NOT ABOVE SEE+ ! POSITIVE SIDE ( G5OCIDE3 0AT ! FIR/ VICTORI\S UPRIS+ ( ! ,FR5* PROLET>IAT 444 ! ,AU/RIAN ,G]MANS & ,MAGY>S WILL BE SET FREE & WRECK A BLOODY REV5GE ON ! ,SLAV B>B>IANS4 ,! G5]AL W> :I* WILL !N BREAK \T WILL 444 WIPE \T ALL !SE PETTY HIDEB\ND NATIONS1 D[N TO !IR V]Y NAMES 444 .<& ?IS W>.> WILL RESULT 9 ! DISAPPE>ANCE FROM ! FACE ( ! E>? 4444 ( 5TIRE REACTION>Y PEOPLES4 ,& ?AT1 TOO1 IS A /EP =W>D407QUOT$ BY ,FRY]1 ,OP4 ,CIT474 ,AS SU*1 ,BAKUN9'S >GUM5T HAD ITS ROOTS 9 ,5GELS CLE> & REPULSIVE ANTI-,SLAVISM & HAS NO?+ TO DO ) 0FANTASIES AB\T ! UNCORRUPT$ PEASANT40 

,?US1 = ,PROYECT TO /ATE ?IS 0OBVI\SLY .<SIC6.> RELAT$ TO ,BAKUN9'S PREF]5CE = ! 444 ,SLAVIC PEASANT0 SIMPLY MISSES ! PO9T4 ,9DE$1 AS 9DICAT$1 ,PROYECT PROVES P>T ( ,BAKUN9'S >GUM5T4 

,I %\LD ALSO NOTE ?AT ,PROYECT FAILS TO M5TION ! O!R1 MORE IMPORTANT1 ASPECT ( ,BAKUN9'S CRITIQUE ( ,M>XISM1 NAMELY HIS >GUM5T ?AT ! 0DICTATOR%IP ( ! PROLET>IAT0 MEANT1 9 REALITY1 ! RULE OV] ! PROLET>IAT BY A FEW ,M>XI/ LEAD]S1 A 0HI<LY DESPOTIC GOV]NM5T ( ! MASSES BY A NEW & V]Y SMALL >I/OCRACY ( REAL OR PRET5D$ S*OL>S4 ,! PEOPLE >E NOT LE>N$1 SO !Y WILL BE LIB]AT$ 9 5TIRELY FROM ! C>ES ( GOV]NM5T & 9CLUD$ 9 5TIRETY 9 ! GOV]N$ H]D4 ,A F9E LIB]ATION60 .<PP4 #a#g#h-#i.> 

,P]HAPS ?IS IS BECAUSE HIS POLITICS PO9TS HIM 9 ?IS DIRECTION8 ,EQUALLY1 ! ACTUAL EXP]I5CE ( ,BOL%EVISM 9 P[] CONFIRM$1 AS WE DISCUSS BEL[1 ,BAKUN9'S FE>S4 

,AFT]1 IRONICALLY1 PROV+ ,BAKUN9'S PO9T1 ,PROYECT >GUES3 

0,9 :AT MI<T BE DESCRIB$ AS A BET-H$G+ /RATEGY1 ,BAKUN9 WAS NOT ABOVE MAK+ APPEALS TO ! ROYALTY TO C>RY \T HIS PROGRAM40 

,PROYECT !N QUOTES FROM A #ahfb PAMPHLET BY ,BAKUN9 CALL$ 0,! ,PEOPLE'S ,CAUSE3 ,ROMANOV1 ,PUGA*EV1 OR ,PE/EL40 ,?AT ,BAKUN9 WAS NOT AN AN>*I/ 9 #ahfb SEEMS TO BE CONSID]$ IRRELEVANT TO ,PROYECT6 ,P]HAPS WE C\LD WRITE A CRITIQUE ( FASCISM BY QUOT+ ,MUSSOL9I :5 HE WAS A LEAD+ ,M>XI/8 ,GIV5 ,PROYECT'S ME?ODOLOGY1 ?IS W\LD BE A VALID APPROA* BUT NOT ONE ?AT W\LD CONV9CE MANY O!RS6 

,LOOK+ = MORE DIRT ON ,BAKUN91 ,PROYECT TURNS YET AGA9 TO HIS PRE-AN>*I/ PA/3 

0,AFT] ,BAKUN9 WAS IMPRISON$ 9 #a#h#e#a1 HE WROTE A ',CONFESSION' TO ,CZ> ,NI*OLAS ,I4 ,?IS SELF-DEBAS+ DOCUM5T WAS NOT WRE/$ \T ( TORTURE1 BUT WAS A PLOY TO W9 E>LY RELEASE ?R\< FLATT]Y40 

,:I*1 ( C\RSE1 DEP5DS ON :E!R Y\ ?9K SOLID>ITY CONF9EM5T )9 ! NOTORI\S ,PET]-&-,PAUL PRISON IS TORTURE OR NOT4 ,S9CE SOLID>ITY CONF9EM5T IS ONE ( ! KEY WAYS BY :I* PRISON AU?ORITIES USE TO BREAK PRISON]S1 ,I W\LD SUGGE/ ?AT ,PROYECT IS TALK+ NONS5SE4 

,AFT] FAIL+ TO PROVIDE AN ACCURATE ACC\NT ( ! CIRCUM/ANCES ?AT ,BAKUN9 FAC$1 ,PROYECT CONT9UES3 

0,IT CONTA9S PAGE AFT] PAGE ( ! MO/ EMB>RASS+ K9D ( TOADY+ UP TO ! ,RUSSIAN DESPOT1 AMONG :I* Y\ CAN F9D APPEALS = A 'REVOLUTION FROM ABOVE' ( ! K9D SUGGE/$ 9 ! #ahfb PAMPHLET 444 ,WE %\LD HA/5 TO ADD ?AT ?IS IS ! SAME ,CZ> :O MADE ,RUSSIA A LIV+ HELL = PEASANT & ,JEWS ALIKE40 

,WE %\LD HA/5 TO ADD ?AT ?IS IS ! SAME ,CZ> :O HAD ! P[] ( LIFE & DEA? = ,BAKUN91 :O MADE HIS LIFE A LIV+ HELL & :O 5SUR$ ?AT HE REMA9$ 9 PRISON4 ,IT ALSO EXPLA9S ! TONE ( ,BAKUN9'S 0CONFESSION03 ,IF Y\ >E TRY+ TO P]SUADE Y\R CAPTOR TO %[ K9DNESS Y\ CANNOT EXACTLY WRITE A TRACK URG+ HIS D[NFALL6 ,AS IT WAS1 ! ,CZ> 7UNLIKE ,PROYECT7 WAS UNCONV9C$ AB\T ! HONE/Y ( ,BAKUN9'S 0CONFESSION0 & LEFT ,BAKUN9 TO ROT4 

,AFT] ATTACK+ ,BAKUN9 = TRY+ TO 5D HIS SOLID>ITY CONF9EM5T 9 ! MO/ NOTORI\S PRISON 9 ,RUSSIA1 IF NOT ! WORLD AT ! TIME1 ,PROYECT CONT9UES3 

0,ACCORD+ TO ,CECIL ,RO?1 ( ! LEGAL 5ACTM5TS CONC]N+ ! ,JEWS PUBLI%$ 9 ,RUSSIA FROM #afdi TO #a#h#h#a1 NO LESS ?AN ONE HALF1 OR SIX HUNDR$ 9 ALL1 BELONG TO ,NI*OLAS ! ,FIR/'S REIGN 444 ,IT IS 5TIRELY LIKELY ?AT ,BAKUN9'S ANTI-,SEMITISM PREV5T$ HIM FROM WORRY+ MU* OV] SU* MATT]S40 

,?IS DOES NOT DES]VE MU* ( A REPLY1 B> TO NOTE ?AT ,BAKUN9 BECAME AN AN>*I/ 9 #ahff & IT W\LD BE RELEVANT IF ,PROYECT'S EXAMPLES DAT$ FROM ?AT P]IOD4 ,EQUALLY1 ,PROYECT SEEMS TO =GET ?AT ,BAKUN9 HAD BE5 IMPRISON$ = #h YE>S DUE TO HIS ANTI-,CZ>I/ ACTIVITIES1 SUGGE/+ ?AT ,BAKUN9 WAS WELL AW>E ( ! NATURE ( ,CZ> ,NI*OLAS ! ,FIR/ 7:O1 IT %\LD BE /RESS$1 HAD ?R[N ,BAKUN9 9TO SOLID>ITY CONF9EM5T = HIS DEMOCRATIC ACTIVITIES74 ,BAKUN9'S >TICLE APPEAL+ TO ! ,CZ> TO BECOME A ,CZ> ( ! PEOPLE WAS DELIB]ATELY ASK+ ! ,CZ> TO COMMIT POLITICAL SUICIDE & SO CAN ONLY BE CONSID]$ A M]E PROPAG&A DEVICE4 ,H[EV]1 AS ,I NOT$1 ?IS IS ( LITTLE 9T]E/ AS ,BAKUN9 WAS NOT AN AN>*I/ AT ! TIME4 ,CLE>LY ,PROYECT M5TIONS ?IS ONLY TO 9DULGE 9 SOME MUD-SL++4 

,TALK+ ( :I*1 S9CE ,PROYECT HAS DECID$ TO MUD-SL+1 ,I'LL 9DULGE HIM4 ,LOOK+ AT ! FATE ( ,JEWS 9 ,RUSSIA1 :AT IS SIGNIFICANT IS 0! TOTAL SIL5CE ,M>X & ,5GELS SEEM TO HAVE OBS]V$1 9 PRIVATE AS WELL AS 9 PUBLIC1 AB\T ! ANTI-,JEWI% POGROMS 9 ,RUSSIA 9 ! SPR+ ( #a#h#f#a4 ,:ILE1 ( C\RSE1 ?IS MEANS LITTLE1 IT 0DOES SUGGE/ A SIGNIFICANT BL9D SPOT0 7ALONG ) 0! /REAM ( VITUP]ATION .<( ,JEWI% PEOPLE.> ?AT RUNS = DECADES ?R\< ! PRIVATE CORRESPOND5CE ( ,5GELS & ,M>X074 ,A SIMIL> COMB9ATION ( PUBLIC SIL5CE & PRIVATE RACISM M>KS !IR OP9IONS ( ,BLACKS 7,FRY]1 ,OP4 ,CIT474 ,AGA91 ?IS JU/ PROVES ?AT ,M>X & ,5GELS1 LIKE ,BAKUN91 W]E M5 ( !IR TIME4 ,H[EV]1 :AT IS SIGNIFICANT AB\T !IR RACISM IS ! BELIEVE ?AT C]TA9 RACES & CULTURES W]E MORE DEVELOP$ ?AN O!RS1 GIV+ !M ! RI<T TO 0CIVILIZE0 O!RS4 ,AS WELL AS ALLOTT+ ?IS ROLE ( 0CIVILIZ]0 TO ! ,G]MANS1 ,M>X 79 #a#h#e#c7 WAS ( ! OP9ION ?AT 0! MA9 /OCK ( .<SLAVE.> ,NEGROES 9 ,JAMAICA ALWAYS CONSI/$ ( FRE%LY IMPORT$ B>B>IANS 444 .<:ILE.> ! PRES5T G5]ATION ( ,NEGROES 9 ,AM]ICA IS A NATIVE PRODUCT1 MORE OR LESS ,YANKEEFI$1 ,5GLI% SPEAK+1 ETC41 & H5CE CAPABLE ( BE+ EMANCIPAT$40 .<QUOT$ BY ,FRY]1 ,OP4 ,CIT4.> ,M>X & ,5GELS SUPPORT = 0PROGRESSIVE0 IMP]IALISM 9 SU* PLACES AS ,9DIA & ,ALG]IA1 REG>DLESS ( ! HUMAN CO/4 ,9CID5TALLY1 ,5GELS SAW ! POSSIBILITY ( 0SOCIALI/0 IMP]IALISM1 NOT+ 0! C\NTRIES 9HABIT$ BY A NATIVE POPULATION 444MU/ BE TAK5 OV] = ! TIME BE+ BY ! PROLET>IAT & L$ RAPIDLY AS POSSIBLE T[>DS 9DEP5D5CE40 .<,M>X & ,5GELS1 ,BASIC ,WRIT+S ON ,POLITICS & ,PHILOSOPHY1 PP4 #d#h#i-#i.> ,OBVI\SLY1 ONLY :ITES HAVE A VALID CULTURE & HAVE ! DUTY TO BR+ UP ! LESS =TUNATE 9 !IR [N IMAGE4 

,:AT TO MAKE ( ALL ?IS8 ,IS !RE ANY PO9T BR++ ALL ?IS UP8 ,( C\RSE NOT -- UNLESS Y\ >E A 0,M>XI/0 ( ,PROYECT'S CALIB] & CONSID] P]SONAL ATTACKS AS ! EQUIVAL5T ( POLITICAL CRITIQUE4 

,9CID5TALLY1 IT ALSO SEEMS = ,PROYECT ?AT :ILE 0! CRITIQUE ( CAPITALISM0 CANNOT BE CONDUCT$ 9 BY MEANS ( 0MORALIZ+10 ! CRITIQUE ( AN>*ISM CAN BE4 ,AFT] ALL1 ?IS IS ! BULK ( ,PROYECT'S 0CRITIQUE0 ( AN>*ISM VIA ,BAKUN94 ,BAKUN9 WAS RACI/1 HE CRIES1 & SO AN>*ISM IS FLAW$6 ,MOD]N ACTIVI/S DO NOT HAVE 0COMMITM5T10 BY MOANS1 !Y MU/ BECOME ,M>XI/S6 ,BAKUN9 WAS NICE TO ! ,CZ> TO ESCAPE SOLID>ITY IMPRISONM5T1 HE IS A TRAITOR 7& AN>*ISM IS FLAW$76 

,LA/LY1 EV5 TAK5 AT FACE VALUE1 Y\ W\LD HAVE TO BE /UPID TO ASSUME ?AT ,BAKUN9'S RACISM HAD EQUAL WEI<T+ ) ! ,BOL%EVIKS' BEHAVIOR 9 ! LEAGUE TABLE ( DESPICABLE ACTIVITY 7= EXAMPLE1 ! CREATION ( A P>TY DICTATOR%IP1 ! REPRESSION ( /RIKES1 FREE SPEE*1 9DEP5D5T WORK+ CLASS ORGANIZATION1 ! CREATION ( A SECRET POLICE =CE1 ! ATTACK ON ,KRON/ADT1 ! BETRAYAL ( ! ,MAKHNOVI/S1 ! VIOL5T REPRESSION ( ! ,RUSSIAN AN>*I/ MOVEM5T1 ETC474 ,IT SEEMS /RANGE ?AT P]SONAL BIGOTRY IS ( EQUAL1 OR EV5 MORE1 IMPORTANCE 9 EVALUAT+ A POLITICAL !ORY ?AN ITS PRACTICE DUR+ A REVOLUTION4 ,BUT !RE Y\ GO6 

,PROYECT CONT9UES HIS ATTACKS ON ,BAKUN93 

0,IF ?IS IS ! CASE1 WE CAN C]TA9LY EXPLA9 IT AS A FUNCTION ( HIS SOCIAL ROOTS 9 ! ,RUSSIAN G5TRY4 ,:E!R ?IS MAKES HIM AN APPROPRIATE SYMBOL ( ! UNQU5*ABLE /RUGGLE = FRE$OM & SOCIAL JU/ICE IS ANO!R QUE/ION ALTOGE!R40 

,! IDEA ?AT PEOPLE %\LD BE A 0SYMBOL0 & ?AT ?IS SYMBOL %\LD BE A P]SON SUGGE/S H]O WOR%IP 9 ITS MO/ CRUDE/ =M4 ,AN>*I/S DO NOT SEEK TO REPLACE ONE IDOL ) ANO!R4 ,REPLAC+ ! ,VIRG9 ,M>Y ) ,M>X IS NOT A GREAT /EP =W>D4 ,AS SU*1 ,PROYECT'S ATTACK ON ,BAKUN9 CAN BE EXPLA9$ -- HE ?9KS AN>*I/S LOOK AT ,BAKUN9 LIKE HE LOOKS AT ,M>X4 ,SORRY1 BUT AN>*I/S RECOGNIZE ?AT ,BAKUN9 WAS HUMAN & SO SUBJECT TO HUMAN FAIL+S4 ,IF ,PROYECT FEELS ! NE$ = AN 0APPROPRIATE SYMBOL0 TO P]SONIFY ! /RUGGLE = FRE$OM & SOCIAL QUE/ION !N ?AT IS HIS BUS9ESS1 BUT Y\ W\LD ?9K ?AT AFT] ! 0CULT ( P]SONALITY0 9FLICT$ UPON ! WORLD BY ! ,SOVIET BUREAUCRACY1 MOD]N DAY SOCIALI/S W\LD BE W>Y ( P]SONALIZ+ IDEALS 9 PEOPLE4 

,HE CONT9UES3 

0,:ATEV] ELSE ONE MI<T ?9K AB\T #a#i?-C5TURY ,5LI<T5M5T VALUES 9 ?IS PO/MOD]NI/ AGE1 ! COMMITM5T TO ! EMANCIPATION ( ! ,JEWS WAS LAUDABLE4 ,IT IS UN=TUNATE ?AT ,BAKUN9'S REVOLT AGA9/ ,HEGEL ALL[$ HIM TO EMBRACE ANTI-,5LI<T5M5T PREJUDICES ( ! WOR/ SORT40 

,TO CLAIM ?AT ,BAKUN9'S REVOLT 0AGA9/ ,HEGEL0 MEANT HE EMBRAC$ ANTI-,SEMITISM IS SIMPLY 9CR$IBLE6 ,?IS IS NOT ONLY 9 T]MS ( ITS /UPIDITY1 BUT ALSO 9 T]MS ( ITS IDEALISM4 ,AS A ,M>XI/1 ,PROYECT %\LD BE AW>E ?AT IDEAS HAVE !IR ROOTS 9 MAT]IAL CONDITIONS4 ,AS SU*1 ,BAKUN9'S ANTI-,SEMITISM 7LIKE ,M>X & ,5GELS RACI/ COMM5TS7 IS A PRODUCT ( HIS SOCIAL BACKGR\ND1 HIS UPBR++ 9 A DEEPLY ANTI-,SEMITIC CULTURE4 ,TO 0EXPLA90 IT 9 T]MS ( A 0REVOLT AGA9/ ,HEGEL0 IS JU/ SILLY 7,I D\BT HE W\LD EXPLA9 ,M>X & ,5GELS ANTI-,SLAV COMM5TS 9 T]MS ( !IR 0REVOLT AGA9/ ,HEGEL10 ASSUM+ HE ACKN[L$G$ !IR FAIL+S ON ?IS ISSUE74 

,IT %\LD ALSO BE NOT$ ?AT ,BAKUN9 DID NOT >GUE = 0FRE$OM 7EXCEPT = ! ,JEWS740 ,HIS ANTI-,SEMITISM DID NOT EXT5D TO OPPOS+ ,JEWI% LIB]ATION4 ,NOT DID HIS ANTI-,SEMITISM SEEM TO BO!R ! L>GE & MILITANT ,JEWI% AN>*I/ MOVEM5T NOR SU* ,JEWI% AN>*I/S AS ,ALEX&] ,B]KMAN & ,EMMA ,GOLDMAN4 

,?AT ,BAKUN9 CONT9U$ TO %[ PREJUDICES SIMPLY %[S ?AT HE WAS NOT P]FECT1 ?AT HE WAS HUMAN & SO DID NOT LIFE UP TO ALL HIS IDEALS4 ,AN>*I/S >E NOT BO!R$ AB\T ?IS4 ,WE DO NOT FOLL[ 9DIVIDUALS1 BUT IDEAS4 ,WE DO NOT SEEK IDOLS NOR NEW GODS TO WOR%IP4 ,IF ,PROYECT NE$S HIS H]OES TO BE P]FECT1 ?AT IS HIS CONC]N4 ,H[EV]1 AN>*I/S HAVE BETT] ?+S TO DO ?AN CREATE A %R9E TO ,BAKUN94 ,WE ACKN[L$GE HIS FAULTS1 REJECT ?OSE ASPECTS ( HIS IDEAS :I* W]E WRONG1 & !N WE MOVE ON1 BUILD+ UPON ! POSITIVE IDEAS WE GA!R FROM READ+ HIS WORKS4 

,PROYECT CONT9UES3 

0,IF APPEALS TO ! ,CZ> W5T UNHE$$1 !RE W]E ALWAYS TI<TLY KNIT & HI<LY SECRETIVE CONSPIRATORIAL CIRCLES ?AT C\LD BE RELI$ ON4 ,SU* PURE EXPRESSIONS ( ! AN>*I/ SPIRIT W\LD BE IMMUNE TO ! BL&I%M5TS ( B\RGEOIS SOCIETY40 

,BAKUN91 AS IS WELL1 KN[N1 FAVOR$ SECRET GR\PS4 ,:Y WAS ?IS ! CASE8 ,A MAT]IALI/ APPROA* W\LD BE TO LOOK AT ,BAKUN9'S EXP]I5CES AS A REVOLUTION>Y1 ! SOCIETIES LIV$ 9 & ! NATURE ( /ATE REPRESSION ?AT EXI/$4 ,PROYECT DOES NOT BO!R DO+ ?IS & 9/EAD SUBJECTS US TO MORE PHILOSOPHICAL IDEALISM4 ,SIMPLY PUT1 USUALLY ,BAKUN9 LIV$ 9 SOCIETIES 9 :I* SECRECY WAS NECESS>Y4 ,9 ! WORDS ( ,MURRAY ,BOOK*91 0,BAKUN9'S EMPHASIS ON CONSPIRACY & SECRECY CAN BE UND]/OOD ONLY AGA9/ ! SOCIAL BACKGR\ND ( ,ITALY1 ,SPA91 & ,RUSSIA ! ?REE C\NTRIES 9 ,EUROPE :]E CONSPIRACY & SECRECY W]E MATT]S ( %E] SURVIVAL40 .<,! ,SPANI% ,AN>*I/S1 P4 #b#d.> ,PROYECT IGNORES ! HI/ORICAL CONTEXT4 

,HE CONT9UES3 

0,?IS REVOLUTION>Y PRIE/HOOD UND]/&S ! TASKS ( ! OPPRESS$ F> BETT] ?AN !Y EV] C\LD !MSELVES0 

,& !N HE QUOTES ,BAKUN93 

0,?IS REVOLUTION>Y ALLIANCE EXCLUDES ANY IDEA ( DICTATOR%IP & ( CONTROLL+ & DIRECTIVE P[]4 ,IT IS1 H[EV]1 NECESS>Y = ! E/ABLI%M5T ( ?IS REVOLUTION>Y ALLIANCE & = ! ,TRIUMPH ( ! ,REVOLUTION OV] REACTION ?AT ! UNITY ( IDEAS ( REVOLUTION>Y ACTION F9D AN ORGAN 9 ! MID/ ( POPUL> AN>*Y :I* WILL BE ! LIFE & ! 5]GY ( ! ,REVOLUTION4 ,?IS ORGAN %\LD BE ! SECRET & UNIV]SAL ASSOCIATION ( ! ,9T]NATIONAL ,BRO!RS4 

0,?IS ASSOCIATION HAS ITS ORIG9 9 ! CONVICTION ?AT REVOLUTIONS >E NEV] MADE BY 9DIVIDUALS OR EV5 BY SECRET SOCIETIES4 ,!Y MAKE !MSELVES2 !Y >E PRODUC$ BY ! =CE ( CIRCUM/ANCES1 ! MOVEM5T ( FACTS & EV5TS4 ,!Y RECEIVE A LONG PREP>ATION 9 ! DEEP1 9/9CTIVE CONSCI\SNESS ( ! MASSES1 !N !Y BUR/ =?1 (T5 SEEM+LY TRIGG]$ BY TRIVIAL CAUSES4 ,ALL ?AT A WELL-ORGANIZ$ SOCIETY CAN DO IS1 FIR/1 TO ASSI/ AT ! BIR? ( A REVOLUTION BY SPREAD+ AMONG ! MASSES IDEAS :I* GIVE EXPRESSION TO !IR 9/9CTS1 & TO ORGANIZE1 NOT ! >MY ( ! ,REVOLUTION -- ! PEOPLE ALONE %\LD ALWAYS BE ?AT >MY -- BUT A SORT ( REVOLUTION>Y G5]AL /AFF1 COMPOS$ ( D$ICAT$1 5]GETIC1 9TELLIG5T 9DIVIDUALS1 S9C]E FRI5DS ( ! PEOPLE ABOVE ALL1 M5 NEI!R VA9 NOR AMBITI\S1 BUT CAPABLE ( S]V+ AS 9T]M$I>IES BETWE5 ! REVOLUTION>Y IDEA & ! 9/9CTS ( ! PEOPLE40 

',!RE NE$ NOT BE A GREAT NUMB] ( !SE M54 ,ONE HUNDR$ REVOLUTION>IES1 /RONGLY & E>NE/LY ALLI$1 W\LD SUFFICE = ! 9T]NATIONAL ORGANIZATION ( ALL ( ,EUROPE4 ,TWO OR ?REE HUNDR$ REVOLUTION>IES WILL BE 5\< = ! ORGANIZATION ( ! L>GE/ C\NTRY4' 70,! ,PROGRAM ( ! ,9T]NATIONAL ,BRO!RHOOD01 #a#h#f#i7 

,IT W\LD BE *URLI% TO NOTE ?AT ?IS QUOTE DIRECTLY CONTRADICTS ,PROYECT'S COMM5T ?AT 0?IS REVOLUTION>Y PRIE/HOOD UND]/&S ! TASKS ( ! OPPRESS$ F> BETT] ?AN !Y EV] C\LD !MSELVES40 ,AFT] ALL1 DOES NOT ,BAKUN9 >GUE = ! 0SPREAD+ AMONG ! MASSES IDEAS :I* GIVE EXPRESSION TO !IR 9/9CTS08 ,ELSE:]E1 ,BAKUN9 CL>IFI$ :AT HE MEANT BY ! ROLE ( ! REVOLUTION>Y ORGANIZATION4 ,! PROGRAM ( ! REVOLUTION>Y ORGANIZATION HAD TO REFLECT ! 9/9CTS & NE$S ( ! WORK+ POPULATION & MU/ NEV] BE IMPOS$ ON !M4 ,AS HE >GU$1 ! WORK+ MASSES W]E 0NOT A BLANK PAGE ON :I* ANY SECRET SOCIETY CAN WRITE :ATEV] IT WI%ES 444 ,IT HAS WORK$ \T1 P>TLY CONSCI\SLY1 PROBABLY ?REE-QU>T]S UNCONSCI\SLY1 ITS [N PROGRAM :I* ! SECRET SOCIETY MU/ GET TO KN[ OR GUESS & TO :I* IT MU/ ADAPT ITSELF40 ,HE /RESSES ?AT ONCE ! /ATE 0IS DE/ROY$ 444 ! PEOPLE WILL RISE 444 = !IR [N .<IDEAL.>0 & ANYONE 0:O TRIES TO FOI/ HIS [N PROGRAM ON ! PEOPLE WILL BE LEFT HOLD+ ! BABY40 .<QUOT$ 9 ,DAU<T] ( A ,REVOLUTION>Y1 ,MI*AEL ,CONF9O 7$471 P4 #b#e#b1 P4 #b$ & P4 #b#e#f.> 

,AS HE /RESSES1 LIB]T>IAN SOCIALI/ IDEAS COME FROM ! MASSES & NOT FROM \TSIDE !M3 

0,9 OPPOSITION TO 444 OPPRESSIVE /ATI/ ORI5TATIONS 444 AN 5TIRELY NEW ORI5TATION F9ALLY >OSE FROM ! DEP?S ( ! PROLET>IAT ITSELF 444 ,IT PROCE$S DIRECTLY TO ! ABOLITION ( ALL EXPLOITATION & ALL POLITICAL OR JURIDICAL AS WELL AS GOV]NM5TAL & BUREAUCRATIC OPPRESSION1 9 O!R WORDS1 TO ! ABOLITION ( ALL CLASSES 444 & ! ABOLITION ( !IR LA/ BUTTRESS1 ! /ATE4 

0,?AT IS ! PROGRAM ( SOCIAL REVOLUTION40 .<,/ATISM & ,AN>*Y1 PP4 #d#h-#i.> 

,AS SU*1 :ILE ,BAKUN9 C\LD BE FAULT$ 9 EXPRESS+ HIMSELF BADLY 9 #a#h#f#h1 IT IS CLE> FROM LOOK+ AT ?IS PROGRAM 9 ! FULL CONTEXT ( HIS AN>*I/ WRIT+S ?AT ,PROYECT IS DI/ORT+ ,BAKUN9'S IDEAS4 

,PROYECT PROCLAIMS3 0,EV5 ! WOR/ C>ICATURE ( ,L59I/ VANGU>D W\LD PALE 9 COMP>ISON TO ?IS K9D ( ELITISM40 

,/RANGE1 !N1 ?AT HE FAILS TO QUOTE ! FOLL[+ SECTIONS ( ! SAME PROGRAM1 0.<W.>E >E ! NATURAL 5EMIES ( ?OSE REVOLUTION>IES -- FUTURE DICTATORS1 REGIM5TORS & CU/ODIANS ( REVOLUTION -- :O444 .<WANT.> TO CREATE NEW REVOLUTION>Y ,/ATES JU/ AS C5TRALI/ & DESPOTIC AS ?OSE WE ALREADY KN[ 4440 ,NOR1 9 PO9T #h1 ?AT S9CE ! 0REVOLUTION EV]Y:]E MU/ BE CREAT$ BY ! PEOPLE1 & SUPREME CONTROL MU/ ALWAYS BELONG TO ! PEOPLE ORGANIZ$ 9TO A FREE F$]ATION ( AGRICULTURAL & 9DU/RIAL ASSOCIATIONS 444 ORGANIZ$ FROM ! BOTTOM UPW>DS BY MEANS ( REVOLUTION>Y DELEGATIONS 444 .<:O.> WILL SET \T TO ADM9I/] PUBLIC S]VICES1 NOT TO RULE OV] PEOPLES40 ,CLE>LY1 ,BAKUN9 IS NOT BE+ ELITI/4 ,HE DID NOT >GUE ?AT ! REVOLUTION>Y ORGANIZATION %\LD SEIZE P[] BUT RA!R 5C\RAGE WORK+ CLASS SELF-MANAGEM5T ( ! REVOLUTION4 ,H[ IS IT 0ELITI/0 TO >GUE ?AT SOCIALISM MU/ BE BUILT FROM BEL[ BY ! PEOPLE !MSELVES8 

,& TALK+ ( ,L59I/ VANGU>DS1 :Y DOES ,PROYECT NOT QUOTE ,TROTSKY & ,L59 ON ?IS MATT]8 ,AFT] ALL1 ,TROTSKY >GU$ 79 #a#i#c#g67 ?AT3 

0,! REVOLUTION>Y DICTATOR%IP ( A PROLET>IAN P>TY IS = ME NOT A ?+ ?AT ONE CAN FREELY ACCEPT OR REJECT3 ,IT IS AN OBJECTIVE NECESSITY IMPOS$ UPON US BY ! SOCIAL REALITIES -- ! CLASS /RUGGLE1 ! HET]OG5EITY ( ! REVOLUTION>Y CLASS1 ! NECESSITY = A SELECT$ VANGU>D 9 ORD] TO ASSURE ! VICTORY4 ,! DICTATOR%IP ( A P>TY BELONGS TO ! B>B>IAN PREHI/ORY AS DOES ! /ATE ITSELF1 BUT WE CAN NOT JUMP OV] ?IS *APT]1 :I* CAN OP5 7NOT AT ONE /ROKE7 G5U9E HUMAN HI/ORY444 ,! REVOLUTION>Y P>TY 7VANGU>D7 :I* R5\NCES ITS [N DICTATOR%IP SURR5D]S ! MASSES TO ! C\NT]-REVOLUTION 444 ,AB/RACTLY SPEAK+1 IT W\LD BE V]Y WELL IF ! P>TY DICTATOR%IP C\LD BE REPLAC$ BY ! 'DICTATOR%IP' ( ! :OLE TOIL+ PEOPLE )\T ANY P>TY1 BUT ?IS PRESUPPOSES SU* A HI< LEVEL ( POLITICAL DEVELOPM5T AMONG ! MASSES ?AT IT CAN NEV] BE A*IEV$ UND] CAPITALI/ CONDITIONS4 ,! REASON = ! REVOLUTION COMES FROM ! CIRCUM/ANCE ?AT CAPITALISM DOES NOT P]MIT ! MAT]IAL & ! MORAL DEVELOPM5T ( ! MASSES40 .<,TROTSKY1 ,WRIT+S #a#i#c#f-#c#g1 PP4 #e#a#c-#d.> 

,L59 ALWAYS /RESS$ ?AT ! ,BOL%EVIKS HAD TO TAKE P[] & SO EQUAT$ WORK+ CLASS P[] ) P>TY RULE4 ,BY #a#i#b1 HE WAS >GU+ ?AT 0! CORRECT UND]/&+ ( A ,COMMUNI/ ( HIS TASKS0 LIES 9 0CORRECTLY GAUG+ ! CONDITIONS & ! MOM5T :5 ! VANGU>D ( ! PROLET>IAT CAN SUCCESSFULLY SEIZE P[]1 :5 IT WILL BE ABLE DUR+ & AFT] ?IS SEIZURE ( P[] TO OBTA9 SUPPORT FROM SUFFICI5TLY BROAD /RATA ( ! WORK+ CLASS & ( ! NON-PROLET>IAN TOIL+ MASSES1 & :51 !REAFT]1 IT WILL BE ABLE TO MA9TA91 CONSOLIDATE1 & EXT5D ITS RULE1 $UCAT+1 TRA9+ & ATTRACT+ EV] BROAD] MASSES ( ! TOIL]S40 ,NOTE1 ! VANGU>D 7! P>TY7 SEIZES P[]1 NOT ! MASSES4 ,9DE$1 HE /RESS$ ?AT ! 0V]Y PRES5TATION ( ! QUE/ION -- 'DICTATOR%IP ( ! ,P>TY OR DICTATOR%IP ( ! CLASS1 DICTATOR%IP 7,P>TY7 ( ! LEAD]S OR DICTATOR%IP 7,P>TY7 ( ! MASSES8' IS EVID5CE ( ! MO/ 9CR$IBLE & HOPELESS CONFUSION ( M9D0 & 0.<T.>O GO SO F> 444 AS TO DRAW A CONTRA/ 9 G5]AL BETWE5 ! DICTATOR%IP ( ! MASSES & ! DICTATOR%IP ( ! LEAD]S1 IS RIDICUL\SLY ABSURD & /UPID40 .<,LEFT-,W+ ,COMMUNISM3 ,AN ,9FANTILE ,DISORD]1 P4 #c#e1 P4 #bg & P4 #b#e.> 

,! PREVI\S YE> HE HAD ADMITT$ ?AT ! ,BOL%EVIKS HAD CREAT$ A ONE-P>TY DICTATOR%IP3 

0WE >E REPROA*$ ) HAV+ E/ABLI%$ A DICTATOR%IP ( ONE P>TY 444 WE SAY1 ',YES1 IT IS A DICTATOR%IP ( ONE P>TY6 ,?IS IS :AT WE /& = & WE %ALL NOT %IFT FROM ?AT POSITION 444 '0 .<,COLLECT$ ,WORKS1 VOL4 #b#i1 P4 #e#c#e.> 

,?IS QUICKLY BECAME ! OR?ODOX ,BOL%EVIK POSITION 7& ONE :I* ,TROTSKY /ILL SUPPORT$ 9 #a#i#c#g67 ,IT W\LD SEEM ?AT ,PROYECT'S ATTACK ON ,BAKUN9 BACKFIRES ON ,L59ISM4 ,AS W\LD BE EXPECT$4 

,PROYECT >GUES3 

0,NO:]E IS !RE ! SLI<TE/ AW>5ESS 9 ,BAKUN9 ( ! NE$ = A WORK+-CLASS REVOLUTION>Y LEAD]%IP TO EM]GE FROM ITS P>TICIPATION 9 ! MASS MOVEM5T4 ,9 A REVOLUTION>Y SITUATION1 WORK]S WILL NOT RALLY TO PEOPLE :O HAVE BE5 SITT+ >\ND 9 ! SEW]S HAT*+ CONSPIRACIES BY C&LELI<T4 ,!Y WILL GRAVITATE TO ! M5 & WOM5 :O HAVE RISK$ JAIL & BEAT+S TO W9 RE=MS ?AT MAKE A DIFF]5CE 9 !IR DAY-TO-DAY LIVES40 

,TO REFUTE ,PROYECT'S >GUM5T IT IS NECESS>Y TO DO :AT HE FAILS TO DO1 NAMELY TO UND]/& FULLY ,BAKUN9'S IDEAS4 ,PROYECT SIMPLY QUOTES SELECTIVELY & \T ( CONTEXT TO PA9T A FALSE IMAGE ( ,BAKUN9'S IDEAS4 ,TO USE AN ANALOGY1 IF Y\ QUOTE SOLELY FROM ,M>X'S 0,CRITIQUE ( ! ,GO?A ,PROGRAM0 Y\ W\LD ALSO PROVE ?AT ,M>X DID NOT HAVE 0! SLI<TE/ AW>5ESS0 ( ! 0NE$ = A WORK+-CLASS REVOLUTION>Y LEAD]%IP TO EM]GE FROM ITS P>TICIPATION 9 ! MASS MOVEM5T40 ,AS SU*1 ,PROYECT IS SIMPLY NOT PRES5T+ ,BAKUN9'S IDEAS HONE/LY4 

,SO :AT W]E ,BAKUN9'S IDEAS ON ?IS MATT]8 ,HE WAS AW>E ( ! IMPORTANCE ( AN>*I/S GETT+ 9VOLV$ 9 ! CLASS /RUGGLE 7?AT WAS :Y HE JO9$ ! ,9T]NATIONAL1 AFT] ALL674 ,AS HE PUT IT3 

0,:AT POLICY %\LD ! ,9T]NATIONAL .<,WORK]S' ,ASSOCIATION.> FOLL[ DUR+ ?.<E.> SOME:AT EXT5D$ TIME P]IOD ?AT SEP>ATES US FROM ?IS T]RIBLE SOCIAL REVOLUTION 444 ! ,9T]NATIONAL WILL GIVE LABOR UNRE/ 9 ALL C\NTRIES AN ESS5TIALLY ECONOMIC *>ACT]1 ) ! AIM ( R$UC+ WORK+ H\RS & 9CREAS+ SAL>Y1 BY MEANS ( ! ASSOCIATION ( ! WORK+ MASSES 444 ,IT WILL .<ALSO.> PROPAG&IZE ITS PR9CIPLES 444 .<,BASIC ,BAKUN91 P4 #a#i.> 

,&3 

0,& 9DE$1 AS SOON AS A WORK] BELIEVES ?AT ! ECONOMIC /ATE ( AFFAIRS CAN BE RADICALLY TRANS=M$ 9 ! NE> FUTURE1 HE BEG9S TO FI<T1 9 ASSOCIATION ) HIS COMRADES1 = ! R$UCTION ( HIS WORK+ H\RS & = AN 9CREASE 9 HIS SAL>Y444 ?R\< PRACTICE & ACTION 444 ! PROGRESSIVE EXPANSION & DEVELOPM5T ( ! ECONOMIC /RUGGLE WILL BR+ HIM MORE & MORE TO RECOGNIZE HIS TRUE 5EMIES3 ! PRIVILEG$ CLASSES1 9CLUD+ ! CL]GY1 ! B\RGEOIS1 & ! NOBILITY2 & ! ,/ATE1 :I* EXI/S ONLY TO SAFEGU>D ALL ! PRIVILEGES ( ?OSE CLASSES40 .<,OP4 ,CIT41 P4 #a#c.> 

,CLE>LY1 ,PROYECT IS 7YET AGA967 DI/ORT+ ,BAKUN9'S IDEAS4 ,HE WAS WELL AW>E ( ! IMPORTANCE ( AN>*I/S TAK+ AN ACTIVE ROLE 9 ! CLASS /RUGGLE4 ,H[EV]1 IT %\LD BE /RESS$ ?AT AN>*I/S REJECT ! IDEA ( AN 9/ITUTIONALIZ$ LEAD]%IP & ! VISION ( WORK+ PEOPLE BE+ 9CAPABLE ( ORGANIZ+ !MSELVES )\T LOOK+ TO LEAD]S TO ACT & ?9K = !M4 

,PROYECT >GUES3 

0,= ALL ( ! MISUND]/&+S AB\T ! ,L59I/ CONCEPT ( A VANGU>D1 IT IS USEFUL TO REF] TO ,:AT ,IS TO BE ,DONE = CL>IFICATION0 & QUOTES IT4 ,IT IS1 ( C\RSE1 AMUS+ = ,PROYECT TO NOTE ! 0MISUND]/&+S0 ASSOCIAT$ ) 0! ,L59I/ CONCEPT ( A VANGU>D40 ,?IS IS BECAUSE MO/ ( ! 0MISUND]/&+0 >ISES FROM ,L59I/S TRY+ TO D[NPLAY ! ELITI/ =MULATIONS CONTA9$ 9 ,L59'S WORK4 ,CLE>LY1 WE NE$ SOMEONE LIKE ,PROYECT TO LOOK 0B5EA? ! SURFACE0 & 9=M US :AT ,L59 ACTUALLY MEANT 7AFT] ALL1 AS ! *UR* KN[S Y\ NE$ PRIE/S TO CORRECTLY 9T]PRET ! HOLY SCRIPTS674 

,UNSURPRIS+LY1 AS ) HIS 0CRITIQUE0 ( ,BAKUN91 ,PROYECT DOES NOT QUOTE ! KEY ASPECT ( ,L59'S WORK1 NAMELY ?AT SOCIALISM IDEAS >E ALI5 TO ! WORK+ CLASS & HAVE TO BE 9TRODUC$ FROM \TSIDE BY 09TELLECTUALS40 ,9 ,L59'S WORDS3 

0! WORK+ CLASS1 EXCLUSIVELY BY !IR [N EF=T1 IS ABLE TO DEVELOP ONLY TRADE UNION CONSCI\SNESS 444 ! !ORETICAL DOCTR9E ( ,SOCIAL-,DEMOCRACY >OSE QUITE 9DEP5D5TLY ( ! SPONTANE\S GR[? ( ! LABOR MOVEM5T2 IT >OSE AS A NATURAL & 9EVITABLE \TCOME ( IDEAS AMONG ! REVOLUTION>Y SOCIALI/ 9TELLIG5TSIA40 

,?IS MEANT ?AT 0,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRATIC .<I4E4 SOCIALI/.> CONSCI\SNESS 444 C\LD ONLY BE BR\<T TO !M .<! WORK]S.> FROM )\T4 ,! HI/ORY ( ALL C\NTRIES %[S ?AT ! WORK+ CLASS1 EXCLUSIVELY BY ITS [N EF=T1 IS ABLE TO DEVELOP ONLY TRADE UNION CONSCI\SNESS40 ,SOCIALI/ IDEAS DID NOT >ISE FROM ! LABOR MOVEM5T BUT FROM ! 0$UCAT$ REPRES5TATIVES ( ! PROP]TI$ CLASSES1 ! 9TELLECTUALS40 .<,ESS5TIAL ,WORKS ( ,L591 PP4 #g#d-#e.> 

,AS SU*1 IT APPE>S WE HAVE ! USUAL IGNOR+ ( ! :EAT 9 FAVOR ( ! *AFF4 

,PROYECT GOES ON3 

0,DESPITE ! T5D5CY ( SOME MOD]N AN>*I/S TO CLAIM ?AT !Y >E FOLL[+ ! ,ZAPATI/AS' FOOT/EPS1 !RE IS P[]FUL EVID5CE ?AT ?IS MOVEM5T HAS MU* MORE 9 COMMON ) ,L59'S CONCEPT ?AN ! SMALL CONSPIRATORIAL CIRCLES FAVOR$ BY ,BAKUN940 

,SIMPLY \T1 AN>*ISM DOES NOT EQUAL ,BAKUN9 7OR1 MORE CORRECTLY1 ! N>R[ & DI/ORT$ VISION ( ,BAKUN9 :I* 9HABITS MANY ,M>XI/ M9DS74 ,AS REG>DS 0,L59'S CONCEPT10 IT IS OBVI\S ?AT ! ,ZAPATI/A'S >E NOT FOLL[+ IT AT ALL4 ,! ,ZAPATI/A'S HAVE REJECT$ KEY CONCEPTS ( ,L59'S IDEAS 7SU* AS ! VANGU>D SEIZ+ P[]7 & HAVE EMBRAC$ ! VISION ( REVOLUTION FROM BEL[ UPW>DS F\ND 9 ,BAKUN94 ,BUT1 ( C\RSE1 ! ,ZAPATI/A'S >E NOT AN>*I/S OR 0,M>XI/S0 -- !Y >E ,ZAPATI/A'S & :ILE MANY ( !IR IDEAS >E CLOSE 7EV5 ID5TICAL7 TO AN>*ISM WE AN>*I/S DON'T FEEL ! NE$ TO SQUEEZE !M 9TO LABELS !Y !MSELVES DO NOT USE4 

,HE CONT9UES3 

0,9 MANY RESPECTS1 !IR DESC5T ON ,MEXICO ,CITY 9 ,M>* #b#a1 CULM9AT+ 9 ONE ( ! L>GE/ 'ANTI-GLOBALIZATIONS' ACTIONS TO DATE1 WAS DESIGN$ TO W9 SUPPORT = LEGISLATION ?AT W\LD IMPROVE ! MAT]IAL1 CULTURAL & POLITICAL CONDITIONS ( ,MAYAN ,9DIANS40 

,IT %\LD BE NOT$ ?AT DIRECT ACTION US$ TO GA9 RE=MS1 9CLUD+ POLITICAL RE=MS1 IS SOME?+ AN>*I/S SUPPORT :OLEHE>T$LY4 

,PROYECT3 

0,9 AN >TICLE 9 ! ,M>* #be ,LOS ,ANGELES ,TIMES 1 ,SUBCOMM&ANTE ,M>COS IS REPORT$ TO HAVE 'SLAMM$ ! FAILURES ( REVOLUTION>Y MOVEM5TS ( PA/ DECADES = NOT /&+ UP = ! RI<TS ( 9DIG5\S PEOPLES & O!R DIS5FRAN*IZ$ GR\PS1 9CLUD+ HOMOSEXUALS4' ,9 REALITY1 ?IS HAS BE5 ! TASK ( ! SOCIALI/ MOVEM5T FROM ! DAYS ( ,M>X & ,L594 ,IF P>TICUL> SOCIALI/ GR\PS HAVE BE5 9ATT5TIVE TO !SE SORTS ( ISSUES1 IT IS TO BE BLAM$ ON ,:AT IS TO BE ,DONE1 :I* CALLS = 9VOLVEM5T 9 'EV]Y SPH]E & 9 EV]Y QUE/ION ( SOCIAL & POLITICAL LIFE4'0 

,AH1 YES1 IF SPECIFIC ,*RI/IANS FAIL TO ACT AS ,*RI/IANS1 !N IT IS !IR FAULT = NOT 9T]PRET+ ! HOLY SCRIPTURES CORRECTLY6 ,EQUALLY1 EV5 A QUICK GLANCE AT ! OP9IONS ( ,M>X & ,5GELS %[$ ?AT !Y HAD LITTLE REG>D = ! 0RI<TS ( 9DIG5\S PEOPLES & O!R DIS5FRAN*IZ$ GR\PS0 7AS REG>DS HOMOSEXUALS1 0! B>B>ISM ( 'HOMOPHOBIA MI<T HAVE BE5 CO9$ TO DESCRIBE ,5GELS'S BACKW>D & 9TOL]ANT VIEWS ON HOMOSEXUALITY40 7,FRY]1 ,OP4 ,CIT4774 ,!IR SUPPORT = 0PROGRESSIVE0 IMP]IALISM APPLI$ TO ,MEXICO AS WELL1 ) ,5GELS COMM5T+ ?AT IT WAS GOOD ?AT ! 05]GETIC ,YANKEES0 HAD TAK5 ,CALI=NIA FROM 0! LAZY ,MEXICANS0 9 ORD] TO 5SURE ITS 0RAPID EXPLOITATION40 7QUOT$ BY ,FRY]1 ,OP4 ,CIT47 ,IT IS D\BTFUL ?AT EI!R ,M>X & ,5GELS W\LD HAVE VIEW$ ! ,ZAPATI/A'S REVOLT AGA9/ CAPITALI/ 0PROGRESS0 AS ANY?+ LESS ?AN REACTION>Y4 ,AS = ,L591 WELL1 HE WAS QUITE HAPPY TO REPRESS ! WORK+ CLASS & PEASANTRY 0DIS5FRAN*IZ$0 BY ! ,BOL%EVIK DICTATOR%IP DUR+ ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION4 ,I'M SURE1 H[EV]1 HE W\LD HAVE HAPPILY US$ ! /RUGGLE ( ! ,ZAPATI/AS AS A MEANS = HIS 0VANGU>D0 TO SEIZE P[]1 BUT ?AT IS ANO!R ISSUE4 

,PROYECT TRIES TO G5]ALIZE3 

0,9 REALITY1 ! BIGGE/ QUE/ION DIVID+ AN>*I/S & ,M>XI/S IS NOT ! !ORY ( ! /ATE4 ,IT IS RA!R ! VALUE ( POLITICAL ACTION1 9CLUD+ ACTION DESIGN$ TO W9 RE=MS ( ! K9D ?AT W\LD IMPROVE ! LIVES ( ,MAYAN ,9DIANS1 = EXAMPLE40 

,PROYECT1 ( C\RSE1 IS SIMPLY SL&]+ AN>*ISM H]E4 ,?IS IS = TWO REASONS4 ,AS NOT$ ABOVE1 AN>*I/S >E NOT OPPOS$ = FI<T+ = RE=MS1 NO MATT] :AT ,PROYECT /ATES4 ,EQUALLY1 AN>*I/S >E NOT OPPOS$ TO 0POLITICAL ACTION0 AS SU*4 ,WE USE ! T]M 0POLITICAL ACTION0 TO REF] TO ! /&+ ( C&IDATES 9 B\RGEOIS ELECTIONS4 ,AS ,BAKUN9 >GU$1 0! ,9T]NATIONAL DOES NOT REJECT POLITICS ( A G5]AL K9D2 IT WILL BE COMPELL$ TO 9T]V5E 9 POLITICS SO LONG AS IT IS =C$ TO /RUGGLE AGA9/ ! B\RGEOISIE4 ,IT REJECTS ONLY B\RGEOIS POLITICS40 .<,! ,POLITICAL ,PHILOSOPHY ( ,BAKUN91 P4 #c#a#c.> ,MASS PROTE/S & DIRECT ACTION US$ TO =CE ! /ATE TO PASS RE=MS IS A KEY ASPECT ( AN>*I/ !ORY & PRACTICE4 ,RA!R ?AN ELECT+ A FEW LEAD]S TO FI<T = US1 AN>*I/S >GUE = WORK+ CLASS PEOPLE TO FI<T = RE=MS BY !IR [N DIRECT ACTION & ORGANIZATIONS4 ,9 ! WORDS ( ,RUDOLF ,ROCK]3 

0.<,T.>HE ,AN>*I/S REPRES5T ! VIEWPO9T ?AT ! W> AGA9/ CAPITALISM MU/ BE AT ! SAME TIME A W> AGA9/ ALL 9/ITUTIONS ( POLITICAL P[]1 = 9 HI/ORY ECONOMIC EXPLOITATION HAS ALWAYS GONE H& 9 H& ) POLITICAL & SOCIAL OPPRESSION4 ,! EXPLOITATION ( MAN BY MAN & ! DOM9ATION ( MAN OV] MAN >E 9SEP>ABLE1 & EA* IS ! CONDITION ( ! O!R40 .<,AN>*O-,SYNDICALISM1 P4 #a#e.> 

,SU* A UNIFICATION MU/ TAKE PLACE ON ! SOCIAL & ECONOMIC FIELD1 NOT ! POLITICAL1 AS ?AT IS :]E ! WORK+ CLASS IS /RONGE/4 ,9 O!R WORDS AN>*I/S 0>E NOT 9 ANY WAY OPPOS$ TO ! POLITICAL /RUGGLE1 BUT 9 !IR OP9ION ?IS /RUGGLE444 MU/ TAKE ! =M ( DIRECT ACTION444 ,IT W\LD444 BE ABSURD = !M .<! WORK+ CLASS.> TO OV]LOOK ! IMPORTANCE ( ! POLITICAL /RUGGLE4 ,EV]Y EV5T ?AT AFFECTS ! LIVE ( ! COMMUNITY IS ( A POLITICAL NATURE4 ,9 ?IS S5SE EV]Y IMPORTANT ECONOMIC ACTION444 IS ALSO A POLITICAL ACTION &1 MOREOV]1 ONE ( 9COMP>ABLY GREAT] IMPORTANCE ?AN ANY P>LIAM5T>Y PROCE$+40 .<,RUDOLF ,ROCK]1 ,OP4 ,CIT41 PP4 #f#e-#f#f.> 

,AS SU*1 ! ,ZAPATI/A'S >E %[+ ! VALUE ( DIRECT ACTION RA!R ?AN 0POLITICAL ACTION40 

,PROYECT %[S HIS IGNORANCE ( HIS SUBJECT MATT] AGA93 

0,IF Y\ TURN TO ,AUGU/ ,NIMTZ'S ,SUMM] #aiii >TICLE 9 ,SCI5CE & ,SOCIETY TITL$ ',M>X & ,5GELS -- ,UNSUNG ,H]OES ( ! ,DEMOCRATIC ,BREAK?R\<1' Y\ WILL DISCOV] H[ 5GAG$ !Y W]E 9 /RUGGLES AGA9/ DESPOTISM4 ,RA!R ?AN PHILOSOPHIZ+ AB\T FUTURE UTOPIAS1 !Y COMMITT$ !MSELVES TO FI<T+ ALONGSIDE WORK+-CLASS ORGANIZATIONS ON ! FRONT L9ES40 

,9 #a#h#d#h1 ,BAKUN9 TOOK P>T 9 ! UPRIS+S AGA9/ ABSOLUTISM 9 MANY T[NS4 ,HE F\<T ON ! B>RICADES1 0ON ! FRONT L9ES40 ,HE WAS >RE/$ & WAS S5T5C$ TO DEA? 9 TWO C\NTRIES = HIS PA9S4 ,!SE S5T5CES W]E NOT C>RI$ \T & 9/EAD ,BAKUN9 WAS S5T 9 *A9S TO ! ,CZ>1 :O PLAC$ HIM 9 SOLID>ITY CONF9EM5T 9 ! ,PET] & ,PAUL PRISON4 ,AFT] SP5D+ #h YE>S !RE1 HE WAS F9ALLY EXIL$ TO ,SIB]IA & FROM !RE ESCAP$ TO ! ,WE/4 ,ONCE !RE1 ,BAKUN9 AGA9 GOT 9VOLV$ 9 DEMOCRATIC POLITICS & SL[LY BECAME AN AN>*I/4 ,AS P>T ( ?IS PROCESS HE BECAME AN AN>*I/1 JO9$ ! ,I,W,M,A 7A WORK+ CLASS ORGANIZATION7 & AID$ NUM]\S /RIKES 9 ,SWITZ]L&4 ,DOES ?IS S\ND LIKE SOMEONE :O SIMPLY 0PHILOSOPHIS.<$.> AB\T FUTURE UTOPIAS08 ,OR SOMEONE :O IGNOR$ WORK+ CLASS /RUGGLE & ORGANIZATION8 

,CLE>LY1 /RUGGL+ AGA9/ DESPOTISM 0ON ! FRONT L9ES0 WAS SOME?+ ,BAKUN9 %>$ ) ,M>X & ,5GELS4 

,PROYECT >GUES3 

0,:ILE ! GOAL ( !SE ORGANIZATIONS WAS TO REPLACE FEUDAL ABSOLUTISM ) POLITICAL DEMOCRACY1 ! LOGIC ( ! /RUGGLE WAS T[>D SOCIAL & ECONOMIC DEMOCRACY AS WELL4 ,?IS WAS ! ORIG9AL MEAN+ ( DEMOCRACY3 RULE BY ! PEOPLE 7DEMOS740 

,BUT 9 0POLITICAL DEMOCRACY0 ! PEOPLE DO NOT RULE4 ,RA!R1 !Y ELECT A H&FUL ( POLITICIANS TO RULE = !M4 ,AS ,BAKUN9 >GU$3 

0,:AT DOES IT MEAN1 '! PROLET>IAT RAIS$ TO A GOV]N+ CLASS8' ,WILL ! 5TIRE PROLET>IAT HEAD ! GOV]NM5T8 ,! ,G]MANS NUMB] AB\T #d MILLION4 ,WILL ALL #d MILLION BE MEMB]S ( ! GOV]NM5T8 ,! 5TIRE NATION WILL RULE1 BUT NO ONE W\LD BE RUL$4 ,!N !RE WILL BE NO GOV]NM5T1 !RE WILL BE NO /ATE2 BUT IF !RE IS A /ATE1 !RE WILL ALSO BE ?OSE :O >E RUL$1 !RE WILL BE SLAVES4 

0,9 ! ,M>XI/S' !ORY ?IS DILEMMA IS RESOLV$ 9 A SIMPLE FA%ION4 ,BY POPUL> GOV]NM5T !Y MEAN GOV]NM5T ( ! PEOPLE BY A SMALL NUMB] ( REPRES5TATIVES ELECT$ BY ! PEOPLE4 ,SO-CALL$ POPUL> REPRES5TATIVES & RUL]S ( ! /ATE ELECT$ BY ! 5TIRE NATION ON ! BASIS ( UNIV]SAL SUFFRAGE -- ! LA/ WORD ( ! ,M>XI/S1 AS WELL AS ! DEMOCRATIC S*OOL -- IS A LIE BEH9D :I* ! DESPOTISM ( A RUL+ M9ORITY IS CONCEAL$1 A LIE ALL ! MORE DANG]\S 9 ?AT IT REPRES5TS ITSELF AS ! EXPRESSION ( A %AM POPUL> WILL4 

0,SO 444 IT ALWAYS COMES D[N TO ! SAME DISMAL RESULT3 GOV]NM5T ( ! VA/ MAJORITY ( ! PEOPLE BY A PRIVILEG$ M9ORITY4 ,BUT ?IS M9ORITY1 ! ,M>XI/S SAY1 WILL CONSI/ ( WORK]S4 ,YES1 P]HAPS1 ( =M] WORK]S1 :O1 AS SOON AS !Y BECOME RUL]S OR REPRES5TATIVES ( ! PEOPLE WILL CEASE TO BE WORK]S & WILL BEG9 TO LOOK UPON ! :OLE WORK]S' WORLD FROM ! HEI<TS ( ! /ATE4 ,!Y WILL NO LONG] REPRES5T ! PEOPLE BUT !MSELVES & !IR [N PRET5SIONS TO GOV]N ! PEOPLE4440 .<,/ATISM & ,AN>*Y1 P4 #a#g#h.> 

,! FACT IS ?AT ,M>X & ,5GELS ?\<T AB\T 0POLITICAL P[]0 & 0POLITICAL ACTION0 9 DECID$LY B\RGEOIS S5SES4 ,= EXAMPLE1 9 #aheb ,M>X WAS >GU+ ?AT 0,UNIV]SAL ,SUFFRAGE IS ! EQUIVAL5T ( POLITICAL P[] = ! WORK+ CLASS ( ,5GL&1 :]E ! PROLET>IAT =MS ! L>GE MAJORITY ( ! POPULATION 444 ,ITS 9EVITABLE RESULT1 H]E1 IS ! POLITICAL SUPREMACY ( ! WORK+ CLASS40 .<,COLLECT$ ,WORKS1 VOL4 #a#a1 PP4 #c#c#e-#f.> ,!Y SPLIT ! ,FIR/ ,9T]NATIONAL OV] ! ISSUE ( P>TICIPAT+ 9 ELECTIONS 7,BAKUN9 >GU$ ?AT EA* SECTION %\LD DEVELOP ITS [N POLITICAL /RATEGY :ILE PRACTIC+ ECONOMIC SOLID>ITY74 ,:ILE CORRECTLY >GU+ 9 PLACES ?AT MASS DIRECT ACTION WAS 0POLITICAL10 ,M>X'S ID5TIFICATION ( 0POLITICAL P[]0 ) ELECT+ A GOV]NM5T & HIS T5D5CY TO ASSOCIATE 0POLITICAL ACTION0 ) ELECTIONE]+ HAM/RUNG ! SOCIALI/ MOVEM5T = DECADES & PU%$ IT 9TO ! DEAD-5D ( ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRACY 7& ITS RADICAL (FSPR+1 ,BOL%EVISM74 

,APPLY+ ?IS MODEL TO SOCIAL & ECONOMIC ISSUES W\LD NOT BE A GREAT /EP =W>D4 ,?IS IS A MAJOR DIFF]5CE BETWE5 AN>*ISM & ,M>XISM4 ,= AN>*I/S1 7B\RGEOIS7 DEMOCRACY DOES NOT & CANNOT MEAN WORK+ CLASS P[] OR MANAGEM5T ( SOCIETY4 ,RA!R1 IT IS BAS$ ON DELEGAT+ P[] 9TO ! H&S ( A FEW LEAD]S4 ,9/EAD ( ?IS =M ( DEMOCRACY1 AN>*I/S >GUE = SELF-MANAGEM5T4 ,?IS MEANS DECISION MAK+ BY MASS ASSEMBLIES & ! ELECTION ( CLE>LY M&AT$ & RECALLABLE DELEGATES4 ,9 ! WORDS ( ,BAKUN93 

0.<,T.>HE F$]AT$ ,ALLIANCE ( ALL LABOR ASSOCIATIONS 444 WILL CON/ITUTE ! ,COMMUNE 444 !RE WILL BE A F$]ATION ( ! /&+ B>RICADES & A ,REVOLUTION>Y ,COMMUNAL ,C\NCIL WILL OP]ATE ON ! BASIS ( ONE OR TWO DELEGATES444 !SE DEPUTIES BE+ 9VE/$ ) B9D+ M&ATES & ACC\NTABLE & REVOCABLE AT ALL TIMES444 ,AN APPEAL WILL BE ISSU$ TO ALL PROV9CES1 COMMUNES & ASSOCIATIONS 9VIT+ !M TO FOLL[ ! EXAMPLE SET 444 .<&.> TO REORGANIZE ALONG REVOLUTION>Y L9ES 444 & TO !N DELEGATE DEPUTIES TO AN AGRE$ PLACE ( ASSEMBLY 7ALL ( ?OSE DEPUTIES 9VE/$ ) B9D+ M&ATES & ACC\NTABLE & SUBJECT TO RECALL71 9 ORD] TO F\ND ! F$]ATION ( 9SURG5T ASSOCIATIONS1 COMMUNES & PROV9CES 444 ,?US IT IS ?R\< ! V]Y ACT ( EXTRAPOLATION & ORGANIZATION ( ! ,REVOLUTION ) AN EYE TO ! MUTUAL DEF5SES ( 9SURG5T >EAS ?AT ! 444 ,REVOLUTION1 F\ND$ UPON 444 ! RU9S ( ,/ATES1 WILL EM]GE TRIUMPHANT444 

0,S9CE IT IS ! PEOPLE :I* MU/ MAKE ! REVOLUTION EV]Y:]E1 & S9CE ! ULTIMATE DIRECTION ( IT MU/ AT ALL TIMES BE VE/$ 9 ! PEOPLE ORGANIZ$ 9TO A FREE F$]ATION ( AGRICULTURAL & 9DU/RIAL ORGANIZATIONS 444 BE+ ORGANIZ$ FROM ! BOTTOM UP ?R\< REVOLUTION>Y DELEGATION 4440 .<,NO ,GOD1 ,NO ,MA/]S1 VOL4 #a1 PP4 #a#e#e-#f.> 

,&3 

0,NOT EV5 AS REVOLUTION>Y TRANSITION WILL WE C\NT5ANCE NATIONAL ,CONV5TIONS1 NOR ,CON/ITU5T ,ASSEMBLIES1 NOR PROVISIONAL GOV]NM5TS1 NOR SO-CALL$ REVOLUTION>Y DICTATOR%IPS3 BECAUSE WE >E P]SUAD$ ?AT REVOLUTION S S9C]E1 HONE/ & REAL ONLY AMONG ! MASSES & ?AT1 :5EV] IT IS CONC5TRAT$ 9 ! H&S ( A FEW GOV]N+ 9DIVIDUALS1 IT 9EVITABLY & IMM$IATELY TURNS 9TO REACTION40 .<,OP4 ,CIT41 P4 #a#f.> 

,AS SU*1 AN>*I/S REJECT ,PROYECT'S VISION AS BE+ DEEPLY UNDEMOCRATIC & ONE :I* ! 0ANTI-GLOBALIZATION0 MOVEM5T REJECTS4 ,= EXAMPLE1 ,C>LO ,GIULIANI'S FA!R >GU$ ?AT 0,C>LO DIDN'T ACCEPT ! NOTION ?AT EI<T LEAD]S ( ! WORLD %\LD DECIDE ! LIFE & DEA? ( HUNDR$S ( ?\S&S ( PEOPLE40 ,V]Y TRUE4 ,LET US SEE IF ! ,BOL%EVIK ME?OD ( ORGANIZ+ IS AN IMPROVEM5T4 ,LOOK+ AT ,L59'S ,LEFT-W+ ,COMMUNISM WE DISCOV] ! FOLL[+ COMM5TS3 

0,! ,P>TY1 :I* HOLDS ANNUAL CONGRESSES 444 1 IS DIRECT$ BY A ,C5TRAL ,COMMITTEE ( N9ETE5 ELECT$ AT ! CONGRESS444 ,NOT A S+LE IMPORTANT POLITICAL DECISION IS DECID$ BY ANY ,/ATE 9/ITUTION 9 \R REPUBLIC )\T ! GUID+ 9/RUCTIONS ( ! ,C5TRAL ,COMMITTEE ( ! ,P>TY4440 

,AS SU*1 ! DIFF]5CE IS CLE>4 ,UND] ,BOL%EVISM1 #ai PEOPLE MADE LIFE & DEA? DECISIONS = MILLIONS4 ,UND] CAPITALISM1 #h PEOPLE MAKE !M4 ,A MASSIVE IMPROVEM5T 9 T]MS ( DEMOCRACY1 ,I AM SURE ALL W\LD AGREE4 ,LITTLE WOND] MORE PEOPLE >E TURN+ TO AN>*ISM6 

,PROYECT CONT9UES ?IS !ME3 

0,AS ,I HAVE PO9T$ \T1 !Y DID NOT />T \T ) ?IS \TLOOK4 ,9 ! E>LY #a#h#dS1 !Y GRAVITAT$ TO SOCIALI/ CIRCLES ?AT HELD DISDA9 = POLITICAL ACTION4 ,:AT *ANG$ !M8 ,IT WAS ! ,*>TI/ MOVEM5T 9 ,GREAT ,BRITA9 ?AT TAU<T !M ! NE$ = POLITICAL /RUGGLES BY ! WORK+ CLASS40 

,9 O!R WORDS1 ,PROYECT IS URG+ US TO =GET ! LA/ #ae YE>S & EMBRACE ! POLITICAL IDEAS ,M>X & ,5GELS G5]ALIZ$ FROM ONE SECTION ( ! ,BRITI% WORK+ CLASS MOVEM5T 9 ! #a#h#dS6 ,ON ! FACE ( IT1 ?IS IT SEEMS 9CR$IBLE ?AT SOMEONE :O1 PRESUMABLY1 CONSID]S !MSELVES A MAT]IALI/ C\LD SUGGE/ ?IS4 ,AFT] ALL1 IT IS BE5 A LONG TIME S9CE ! #a#h#dS1 WE HAVE NEW CONDITIONS FAC+ US &1 EQUALLY1 WE HAVE HAD EXP]I5CE ( APPLY+ ,M>X & ,5GELS IDEAS ON 0POLITICAL ACTION40 ,IF WE DO NOT IGNORE ! LA/ #ae YE>S1 WE >E /RUCK BY H[ ! REVOLUTION>Y LABOR MOVEM5T WAS %UNT$ 9TO A DEAD-5D BY ,M>X & ,5GELS IDEAS4 ,P]HAPS WE CAN DEVELOP \R [N TACTICS BAS$ ON ! SOCIETY WE LIVE 9 TODAY8 

,PROBABLY NOT1 LOOK+ AT ! 0,M>XI/0 TRADITION4 ,! P]SPECTIVE ( R$UC+ ALL TACTICS TO ?OSE G5]AT$ BY ONE SECTION ( ! ,BRITI% WORK+ CLASS 9 ! #a#h#dS IS NOT LIMIT$ TO ,PROYECT4 ,M>X & ,5GELS DID ! SAME1 >GU+ ?AT EV]Y WORK]S MOVEM5T HAD TO FOLL[ !IR IDEAS OR BE BR&$ AS A 0SECT40 ,LOOK+ AT ! #a#i#bS1 WE DISCOV] A SIMIL> PROCESS AT WORK ) ! ,BOL%EVIKS4 ,L59 URG$ ! REPRODUCTION ( ,BOL%EVIK TACTICS BY REVOLUTION>IES 9 ! ADVANC$ CAPITALI/ NATIONS4 ,! EXP]I5CES ( REVOLUTION>IES 9 ?OSE C\NTRIES W]E TO BE IGNOR$1 9 FAVOR ( REPEAT+ ! PRACTICES ( AN ILLEGAL P>TY :I* OP]AT$ 9 ! B>ELY CAPITALI/ ,CZ>I/ AUTOCRACY4 ,! RESULTS1 UNSURPRIS+LY1 W]E H>DLY A SUCCESS1 SUGGE/+ ?AT WE %\LD BASE \R POLITICS ON \R [N EXP]I5CES & ! !ORY WE DEVELOP FROM IT 75RI*$1 ( C\RSE1 BY %>+ ( EXP]I5CES & IDEAS & ! /UDY+ ( PA/ /RUGGLES74 

,BUT :AT DOES HI/ORY MATT] :5 WE HAVE ! OP9IONS ( ,M>X & ,5GELS8 ,?AT ! ,*>TI/S & ,M>X & ,5GELS !ORY MAY BE LACK+ IS NOT 9 QUE/ION = ,PROYECT1 P>TICUL>LY IF WE ELIM9ATE ! MEANS BY :I* TO EVALUATE !M 7I4E4 ! HI/ORY ( ! SOCIALI/ & LABOR MOVEM5TS FROM ! #a#h#dS ONW>D76 

,PROYECT CONT9UES3 

0,:ILE ! FI<T = ! BALLOT WAS CRUCIAL1 ,5GELS EMPHASIZ$ 9 ,CONDITIONS ( ! ,WORK+ ,CLASS 9 ,5GL& ?AT POLITICAL DEMOCRACY WAS NOT AN 5D 9 ITSELF1 BUT A MEANS = SOCIAL EQUALITY4 ,HE WRITES1 ',!RE9 LIES ! DIFF]5CE BETWE5 ,*>TI/ DEMOCRACY & ALL PREVI\S POLITICAL B\RGEOIS DEMOCRACY4'0 

,5GELS WROTE O!R ?+S 9 ?AT BOOK 7& 9 ! #a#h#dS7 :I* PLACES ! SUBSEQU5T DEVELOPM5T ( ,M>XISM 9TO %>P] LI<T4 ,HE NOTES ?AT 0IT IS EVID5T ?AT ! WORK+-M5'S MOVEM5T IS DIVID$ 9TO TWO SECTIONS1 ! ,*>TI/S & ! ,SOCIALI/S4 ,! ,*>TI/S >E !ORETICALLY ! MORE BACKW>D1 ! LESS DEVELOP$1 BUT !Y >E G5U9E PROLET>IANS 444 ,! ,SOCIALI/S >E MORE F>-SEE+ 444 BUT PROCE$+ ORIG9ALLY FROM ! B\RGEOISIE1 >E = ?IS REASON UNABLE TO AMALGAMATE COMPLETELY ) ! WORK+ CLASS4 ,! UNION ( ,SOCIALISM ) ,*>TISM 444 WILL BE ! NEXT /EP 444 ,!N1 ONLY :5 ?IS HAS BE5 A*IEV$1 WILL ! WORK+ CLASS BE ! TRUE 9TELLECTUAL LEAD] ( ,5GL&40 .<,COLLECT$ ,WORKS1 VOL4 #d1 PP4 #e#b#f-#g.> ,?US SOCIALI/ IDEAS HAVE TO BE 9TRODUC$ 9TO ! PROLET>IAT1 AS !Y >E 0MORE BACKW>D0 & CANNOT BE EXPECT$ TO DEVELOP !ORY = !MSELVES6 ,9 ! SAME YE>1 HE EXP\ND$ ON :AT ?IS 0UNION0 W\LD 5TAIL1 :5 HE WROTE TO A ,*>TI/ PAP] ?AT 0! UNION BETWE5 ! ,G]MAN PHILOSOPH]S 444 & ! ,G]MAN WORK+ M5 444 IS ALL BUT ACCOMPLI%$4 ,) ! PHILOSOPH]S TO ?9K1 & ! WORK+ MEAN TO FI<T = US1 WILL ANY E>?LY P[] BE /RONG 5\< TO RESI/ \R PROGRESS80 .<P4 #b#c#f.> 

,?IS VISION ( 0ADVANC$0 B\RGEOIS ELEM5TS BR++ 5LI<T5M5T TO ! WORK]S CAN1 9CID5TALLY1 BE F\ND 9 ! ,COMMUNI/ ,MANIFE/O3 0A PORTION ( ! B\RGEOIS GOES OV] TO ! PROLET>IAT1 & 9 P>TICUL>1 A PORTION ( ! B\RGEOIS IDEOLOGI/S1 :O HAVE RAIS$ !MSELVES TO ! LEVEL ( COMPREH5D+ !ORETICALLY ! HI/ORICAL MOVEM5T AS A :OLE40 ,IT NOTES ?AT ! ,COMMUNI/S >E 0! MO/ ADVANC$ & RESOLUTE SECTION ( ! WORK+-CLASS P>TIES 444 .<&.> !Y HAVE OV] ! GREAT MASS ( ! PROLET>IAT ! ADVANTAGE ( CLE>LY UND]/&+ ! L9E ( M>*1 ! CONDITIONS1 & ! G5]AL RESULTS ( ! PROLET>IAN MOVEM5T40 .<,SELECT$ ,WORKS1 P4 #dd & P4 #d#f.> ,?US A PORTION ( ! B\RGEOIS COMPREH5D 0! HI/ORICAL MOVEM5T AS A :OLE0 & ?IS IS ALSO ! 0ADVANTAGE0 ( ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY OV] 0! GREAT MASS ( ! PROLET>IAT40 

,! IMPLICATIONS ( ! 0VANGU>D0 TAK+ P[]1 =M+ A 0REVOLUTION>Y0 GOV]NM5T1 UNFOLD$ AS ,BAKUN9 PR$ICT$ DUR+ ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION4 ,FAC$ ) REJECTION BY ! WORK+ CLASS DUR+ ! SOVIET ELECTIONS ( SPR+ & SUMM] ( #aiah 7:I* SAW 0GREAT ,BOL%EVIK LOSSES071 ! ,BOL%EVIKS =CIBLY DISB&$ ! SOVIETS4 ,!Y CONT9UALLY PO/PON$ ELECTIONS & 0PACK.<$.> LOCAL SOVIETS ONCE !Y C\LD NOT LONG] C\NT ON AN ELECTORAL MAJORITY0 BY GIV+ REPRES5TATION TO ORGANIZATIONS !Y DOM9AT$ :I* MADE WORKPLACE ELECTIONS MEAN+LESS4 .<,SAMUEL ,F>B]1 ,BE=E ,/AL9ISM1 PP4 #b#c-#d1 P4 #bb & P4 #c#c.> ,! REGIME REMA9$ 0SOVIET0 9 NAME ONLY4 

,!SE EV5TS OCCURR$ BE=E ! />T ( CIVIL W>4 ,DUR+ ! ,CIVIL ,W>1 ,BOL%EVIK IDEOLOGY WAS BR\<T 9TO L9E ) ,BOL%EVIK PRACTICE 7JU/ AS REVISIONISM BR\<T SOCIAL DEMOCRATIC IDEOLOGY 9TO L9E ) IT PRACTICE74 ,AS NOT$ ABOVE1 ,L59 WAS ACKN[L$G+ ?AT HE HAD CREAT$ A ONE-P>TY DICTATOR%IP 9 #a#i#a#i4 ,9 #a#i#b1 ,TROTSKY 79 ,T]RORISM & ,COMMUNISM7 >GU$ ?AT !RE WAS 0NO SUB/ITUTION AT ALL0 :5 0! P[] ( ! P>TY0 REPLACES 0! P[] ( ! WORK+ CLASS40 ,Z9OVIEV >GU$ AT ! #bND ,CONGRESS ( ! ,COM9T]N ?AT 0! DICTATOR%IP ( ! PROLET>IAT IS AT ! SAME TIME ! DICTATOR%IP ( ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY40 .<,PROCE$+S & ,DOCUM5TS ( ! ,SECOND ,CONGRESS #a#i#b1 VOL4 #a1 P4 #a#e#b.> 

,?IS IS UND]/&ABLE4 ,IF ! PROLET>IAT REJECT ! 0ADVANC$0 SECTION1 !N ! PROLET>IAT >E 0BACKW>D0 & CANNOT UND]/& 0! L9E ( M>*1 ! CONDITIONS1 & ! G5]AL RESULTS ( ! PROLET>IAN MOVEM5T40 ,?US SOCIALISM1 ! RESULT ( /UDY 9 ! LIBR>Y ( ! 0LAWS ( CAPITALI/ ACCUMULATION0 & NOT WORK+ CLASS /RUGGLE1 CANNOT BE LEFT 9 ! H&S ( ! 0BACKW>D0 & SO ! P>TY HAS A DUTY TO IMPOSE ! CORRECT L9E ON ! PROLET>IAT4 ,BAKUN9'S FE>S W]E PROV$ RI<T4 

,= ,L59 9 #a#i#e1 ,M>XI/S MU/ BE 9 FAVOR ( 0,FROM ABOVE AS WELL AS FROM BEL[0 & 0R5UNCIATION ( PRESSURE ALSO FROM ABOVE IS AN>*ISM0 ,:Y IS ?IS8 ,BECAUSE1 ACCORD+ TO ,L591 0.<P.>RESSURE FROM BEL[ IS PRESSURE BY ! CITIZ5S ON ! REVOLUTION>Y GOV]NM5T4 ,PRESSURE FROM ABOVE IS PRESSURE BY ! REVOLUTION>Y GOV]NM5T ON ! CITIZ5S40 .<,M>X1 ,5GELS1 ,L591 ,AN>*ISM & ,AN>*O-SYNDICALISM1 P4 #aif & PP4 #a#h#i-#i.> ,! SUBSEQU5T HI/ORY ( ,L59ISM 9 P[] PROVES ?AT ! 0DICTATOR%IP ( ! PROLET>IAT0 IS1 9 FACT1 ! 0DICTATOR%IP OV] ! PROLET>IAT0 BY ! P>TY 7AS ! ,BOL%EVIKS ADMITT$ PO/-#a#i#a#h74 ,?IS MAKES ! FOLL[+ COMM5TS BY ,M>X & ,5GELS FROM ,! ,HOLY ,FAMILY TAKE ON FRI<T5+ OV]TONES3 

0,! QUE/ION IS NOT :AT ?IS OR ?AT PROLET>IAN1 OR EV5 ! :OLE ( ! PROLET>IAT AT ! MOM5T CONSID]S AS ITS AIM4 ,! QUE/ION IS :AT ! PROLET>IAT IS1 & :AT1 CONSEQU5T ON ?AT BE+1 IT WILL BE COMPELL$ TO DO40 .<QUOT$ BY ,MURRAY ,BOOK*91 ,! ,SPANI% ,AN>*I/S1 P4 #b#h.> 

,AS ,MURRAY ,BOOK*9 >GUES3 

0,!SE L9ES & O!RS LIKE !M 9 ,M>X'S WRIT+S W]E TO PROVIDE ! RATIONALE = ASS]T+ ! AU?ORITY ( ,M>XI/ P>TIES & !IR >M$ DETA*M5TS OV] & EV5 AGA9/ ! PROLET>IAT4 ,CLAIM+ A DEEP] & MORE 9=M$ COMPREH5SION ( ! SITUATION !N 'EV5 ! :OLE ( ! PROLET>IAT AT ! GIV5 MOM5T1' ,M>XI/ P>TIES W5T ON TO DISSOLVE SU* REVOLUTION>Y =MS ( PROLET>IAN ORGANIZATION AS FACTORY COMMITTEES & ULTIMATELY TO TOTALLY REGIM5T ! PROLET>IAT ACCORD+ TO L9ES E/ABLI%$ BY ! P>TY LEAD]%IP40 .<,OP4 ,CIT41 P4 #b#h#i.> 

,?IS PLACES ,PROYECT'S SUBSEQU5T COMM5TS 9TO CONTEXT3 

0,:ILE ,M>X & ,5GELS W\LD EV5TUALLY CALL = ! REVOLUTION>Y OV]?R[ ( ! CAPITALI/ SY/EM1 !Y NEV] AB&ON$ ! IDEA ?AT ! COMMUNI/S %\LD CON/ITUTE ! MO/ 'ADVANC$' OR 'EXTREME W+' ( ! 'DEMOCRATIC P>TY' AS !Y PUT IT40 

,?IS1 ( C\RSE1 IS A P>APHRASE ( ! ,COMMUNI/ ,MANIFE/O4 ,! DIFF]5CES 9 POLITICAL AW>5ESS 9 SOCIETY IS SOME?+ NO AN>*I/ W\LD D5Y4 ,! QUE/ION :AT IS ! RELATION ( !SE 0ADVANC$0 SECTIONS TO ! CLASS AS A :OLE4 ,DOES ! 0ADVANC$0 GR\P+ SEEK P[] = ITSELF OR DOES IT AIM TO 5C\RAGE WORK+ CLASS SELF-MANAGEM5T8 ,= AN>*I/S1 ?IS ! KEY QUE/ION4 ,9 ! WORDS ( ,MURRAY ,BOOK*9 .<,! ,COMMUNI/ ,MANIFE/O3 ,9SI<TS & ,PROBLEMS.>3 

0,AN>*I/ CRITICS ( ,M>X PO9T$ \T ) CONSID]ABLE EFFECT ?AT ANY SY/EM ( REPRES5TATION W\LD BECOME A /ATI/ 9T]E/ 9 ITS [N RI<T1 ONE ?AT AT BE/ W\LD WORK AGA9/ ! 9T]E/S ( ! WORK+ CLASSES 79CLUD+ ! PEASANTRY71 & ?AT AT WOR/ W\LD BE A DICTATORIAL P[] AS VICI\S AS ! WOR/ B\RGEOIS /ATE MA*9ES4 ,9DE$1 ) POLITICAL P[] RE9=C$ BY ECONOMIC P[] 9 ! =M ( A NATIONALIZ$ ECONOMY1 A 'WORK]S' REPUBLIC' MI<T WELL PROVE TO BE A DESPOTISM 7TO USE ONE ( ,BAKUN9'S MORE FAVORITE T]MS7 ( UNP>ALLEL$ OPPRESSION40 

,HE CONT9UES3 

0,REPUBLICAN 9/ITUTIONS1 H[EV] MU* !Y >E 9T5D$ TO EXPRESS ! 9T]E/S ( ! WORK]S1 NECESS>ILY PLACE POLICY-MAK+ 9 ! H&S ( DEPUTIES & CATEGORICALLY DO NOT CON/ITUTE A 'PROLET>IAT ORGANIZ$ AS A RUL+ CLASS4' ,IF PUBLIC POLICY1 AS DI/+UI%$ FROM ADM9I/RATIVE ACTIVITIES1 IS NOT MADE BY ! PEOPLE MOBILIZ$ 9TO ASSEMBLIES & CONF$]ALLY CO-ORD9AT$ BY AG5TS ON A LOCAL1 REGIONAL1 & NATIONAL BASIS1 !N A DEMOCRACY 9 ! PRECISE S5SE ( ! T]M DOES NOT EXI/4 ,! P[]S ?AT PEOPLE 5JOY UND] SU* CIRCUM/ANCES CAN BE USURP$ )\T DIFFICULTY444 .<,I.>F ! PEOPLE >E TO ACQUIRE REAL P[] OV] !IR LIVES & SOCIETY1 !Y MU/ E/ABLI% -- & 9 ! PA/ !Y HAVE1 = BRIEF P]IODS ( TIME E/ABLI%$ -- WELL-ORD]$ 9/ITUTIONS 9 :I* !Y !MSELVES DIRECTLY =MULATE ! POLICIES ( !IR COMMUNITIES &1 9 ! CASE ( !IR REGIONS1 ELECT CONF$]AL FUNCTION>IES1 REVOCABLE & /RICTLY CONTROLLABLE1 :O WILL EXECUTE !M4 ,ONLY 9 ?IS S5SE CAN A CLASS1 ESPECIALLY ONE COMMITT$ TO ! ABOLITION ( CLASSES1 BE MOBILIZ$ AS A CLASS TO MANAGE SOCIETY40 

,?IS IS :Y AN>*I/S /RESS DIRECT DEMOCRACY 7SELF-MANAGEM5T7 9 FREE F$]ATIONS ( FREE ASSOCIATIONS4 ,IT IS ! ONLY WAY TO 5SURE ?AT P[] REMA9S 9 ! H&S ( ! PEOPLE & IS NOT TURN$ 9TO AN ALI5 P[] ABOVE !M4 ,?US ,M>XI/ SUPPORT = /ATI/ =MS ( ORGANIZATION WILL 9EVITABLY UND]M9E ! LIB]ATORY NATURE ( ! REVOLUTION4 ,! CREATION ( A 0/RONG GOV]NM5T & C5TRALISM0 WILL 9EVITABLY LEAD TO A NEW CLASS SY/EM BE+ CREAT$4 .<,L591 ,WILL ! ,BOL%EVIKS ,MA9TA9 ,P[]81 P4 #g#e.> ,! IDEA ( ! P>TY BE+ ! 0VANGU>D0 ( ! WORK+ CLASS1 COMB9$ ) ITS DESIRE = C5TRALIZ$ P[]1 MAKES ! DICTATOR%IP ( ! P>TY OV] ! PROLET>IAT 9EVITABLE 7P>TICUL>LY GIV5 ,5GELS COMM5TS QUOT$ ABOVE74 ,?US WE HAVE ! 0ADVANC$0 COMMUNI/S 7:O SEEM TO BE FROM ! B\RGEOIS CLASS7 UND]/&+ ! PA?S ! PROLET>IAT MU/ TRAVEL1 :O DO ! 0?9K+0 = ! WORK]S :OSE ROLE IS TO 0DO ! FI<T+40 ,:AT HAPP5S :5 ! PROLET>IAT REJECTS ! GUIDANCE ( ITS 0ADVANC$0 W+8 ,WE HAD TO WAIT TO ! ,RUSSIAN REVOLUTION TO DISCOV] ! FATE ?AT AWAIT$ IT4 

,AM ,I BE+ UNFAIR TO ,M>X & ,5GELS8 ,SU* NOTABLE ,M>XI/S AS ,KAUTSKY & ,L59 7:O SIMPLY REPEAT$ ,KAUTSKY'S OR?ODOX POSITION7 >GU$ ?AT SOCIALI/ IDEAS >E NOT DEVELOP$ BY WORK]S BY !IR [N EF=TS BUT RA!R >E 9JECT$ 9TO ! LABOR MOVEM5T FROM \TSIDE 7BY ! RADICAL MIDDLE CLASS74 ,P]HAPS NOT4 ,M>X DID1 ( C\RSE1 REPEAT ,FLORA ,TRI/9'S MAXIM ?AT 0! EMANCIPATION ( ! WORK+ CLASS MU/ BE ! ACT ( ! WORK+ CLASS ITSELF40 ,AS SU*1 ,M>XISM HAS TWO SIDES1 AN AU?ORIT>IAN ONE & A LIB]T>IAN ONE4 ,LIKE ANY ?9K]1 ,M>X HAD HIS 9CONSI/5CIES & WE NE$ TO BE AW>E ( ?AT RA!R ?AN 5%R9E HIM & HIS WORK4 ,I AM SURE ?AT ?IS W\LD BE :AT ,M>X HIMSELF W\LD HAVE WANT$4 

,PROYECT CONT9UES3 

0,9 ! FIR/ WAVE ( REVOLUTIONS ?AT SWEPT ,EUROPE 9 #a#h#d#h1 ,M>X & ,5GELS DISCOV]$ ?AT AL?\< DEMOCRATIC RI<TS W]E 9 ! 9T]E/ ( ALL CLASSES >RAY$ AGA9/ ! FEUDAL G5TRY & CL]GY1 ! ONLY CLASS ?AT W\LD FI<T RESOLUTELY WAS ! WORK+ CLASS4 ,9 ,G]MANY1 ! MIDDLE-CLASS RADICAL DEMOCRATS LO/ !IR N]VE 9 ! FI<T AGA9/ ABSOLUTISM4 ,?IS L$ ,M>X TO !ORIZE A 'P]MAN5T REVOLUTION' :I* W\LD COMB9E DEMOCRATIC & SOCIALI/ GOALS L$ BY ! WORK]S40 

,LOOK+ AT ?IS 0P]MAN5T REVOLUTION0 WE DISCOV] ,M>X EXP\ND+ :AT W\LD BE ! ,M5%EVIK POSITION DUR+ ! #aie & #aiag ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTIONS1 NAMELY WORK]S %\LD FI<T = A B\RGEOIS REPUBLIC & ORGANIZE !MSELVES TO =CE ! DEMOCRATS TO BE MORE EXTREME 70! DEM&S ( ! WORK]S MU/ EV]Y:]E BE GOV]N$ BY ! CONCESSIONS & MEASURES ( ! DEMOCRATS074 ,?US ! WORK]S W\LD FI<T TO 5SURE ?AT ! B\RGEOIS GETS 9TO P[] 79 SPITE ( ! FACT ?AT ,M>X ACKN[L$G$ ?AT !Y W\LD1 & HAD1 0TURN !IR NEWLY ACQUIR$ P[] AGA9/ ! WORK]S07 &1 AFT] AN UNSPECIFI$ P]IOD1 ! ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRATS W\LD TAKE P[] 7EV5 9 ! #a#h#hS1 ,5GELS WAS /ILL >GU+ ?AT A PROLET>IAN REVOLUTION WAS NOT POSSIBLE 9 ,G]MANY674 ,! IDEA ( W9N+ POLITICAL RI<TS FIR/1 !N 7EV5TUALLY7 FI<T+ = SOCIALISM WAS DISMISS$ BY ,BAKUN93 

0A POLITICAL REVOLUTION %\LD PREC$E A SOCIAL REVOLUTION444 IS A GREAT & FATAL ]ROR1 BECAUSE EV]Y POLITICAL REVOLUTION TAK+ PLACE PRIOR TO & CONSEQU5TLY )\T A SOCIAL REVOLUTION MU/ NECESS>ILY BE A B\RGEOIS REVOLUTION1 & A B\RGEOIS REVOLUTION CAN ONLY BE 9/RUM5TAL 9 BR++ AB\T B\RGEOIS ,SOCIALISM40 .<,! ,POLITICAL ,PHILOSOPHY ( ,BAKUN91 P4 #b#h#i.> 

,= ,BAKUN91 POLITICAL & SOCIAL REVOLUTIONS MU/ BE COMB9$4 ,! WORK+ CLASS %\LD FI<T = !IR [N 9T]E/S1 NOT LETT+ !MSELVES BE LIMIT$ TO FOLL[+ ! DEMOCRATS4 ,BAKUN9'S P]SPECTIVE WAS REPEAT$ BY A ,RUSSIAN WORK] 9 #aif :5 HE EXPRESS$ HIS IMPATI5CE ) ,M5%EVIK /RATEGY3 

0,H]E .<! ,M5%EVIKS.> 444 TELLS US ?AT ! WORK]S' CONGRESS IS ! BE/ MEANS ( ASSUR+ ! 9DEP5D5CE ( ! PROLET>IAT 9 ! B\RGEOIS REVOLUTION2 O!RWISE1 WE WORK]S WILL PLAY ! ROLE ( CANNON FODD] 9 IT4 ,SO ,I ASK3 :AT IS ! 9SURANCE =8 ,WILL WE REALLY MAKE ! B\RGEOIS REVOLUTION8 ,IS IT POSSIBLE ?AT WE WILL SPILL BLOOD TWICE -- ONCE = ! VICTORY ( ! B\RGEOIS REVOLUTION1 & ! TIME = ! VICTORY ( \R PROLET>IAN REVOLUTION8 ,NO1 COMRADES1 IT IS NOT TO BE F\ND 9 ! P>TY PROGRAM .<?AT ?IS MU/ BE SO.>2 BUT IF WE WORK]S >E TO SPILL BLOOD1 !N ONLY ONCE1 = FRE$OM & SOCIALISM40 .<QUOT$ BY ,ABRAHAM ,AS*]1 ,! ,M5%EVIKS 9 ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION1 P4 #d#c.> 

,9 #a#i#a#g1 ,L59 P]CEIV$ ?AT SU* A MOOD WAS WIDESPREAD & CONSEQU5TLY DUMP$ ,M>X & EMBRAC$ ,BAKUN9 7AS HE DID1 9 RHETORIC AT LEA/1 ) REG>DS TO 0ALL P[] TO ! SOVIETS074 ,I ?9K ?AT SAYS IT ALL4 

,EQUALLY1 LOOK+ AT ,M>X'S >GUM5TS = 0REVOLUTION 9 P]MAN5CE10 WE SEE ?AT HE /OOD = EXTREME C5TRALIZATION ( P[]4 ,AS HE PUT IT1 ! WORK]S 0MU/ NOT ONLY /RIVE = A S+LE & 9DIVISIBLE ,G]MAN REPUBLIC1 BUT ALSO )9 ?IS REPUBLIC = ! MO/ DET]M9$ C5TRALIZATION ( P[] 9 ! H&S ( ! /ATE AU?ORITY40 ,HE >GU$ ?AT 9 A NATION LIKE ,G]MANY 0:]E !RE IS SO MANY RELICS ( ! ,MIDDLE ,AGES TO BE ABOLI%$0 IT 0MU/ UND] NO CIRCUM/ANCES BE P]MITT$ ?AT EV]Y VILLAGE1 EV]Y T[N & EV]Y PROV9CE %\LD PUT A NEW OB/ACLE 9 ! PA? ( REVOLUTION>Y ACTIVITY1 :I* CAN PROCE$ ) FULL =CE FROM ! C5T]40 ,HE /RESS$ ?AT 0.<A.>S 9 ,FRANCE 9 #agic SO TODAY 9 ,G]MANY IT IS ! TASK ( ! REALLY REVOLUTION>Y P>TY TO C>RY ?R\< ! /RICTE/ C5TRALIZATION40 .<,! ,M>X-,5GELS ,READ]1 P4 #e#i-#a.> 

,9 O!R WORDS1 REVOLUTION IMPOS$ FROM ABOVE BY A 0REVOLUTION>Y0 GOV]NM5T4 ,RULE BY ! PEOPLE8 ,NO1 RULE BY A H&FUL ( POLITICIANS AT ! C5T]1 DICTAT+ TO ! RE/ ( ! C\NTRY4 ,CLE>LY1 ! VISION ( ,M>X AS ! >* DEMOCRAT IS FLAW$1 UNLESS Y\ EQUATE 0DEMOCRACY0 ) ELECT+ A C5TRAL GOV]NM5T & DELEGAT+ POPUL> P[] 9TO ! H&S ( A FEW 0ADVANC$0 LEAD]S4 ,IT IS TO ,M>X'S CR$IT ?AT HE REJECT$ ?IS P>TICUL> VISION & EMBRAC$ ! LIB]T>IAN 9FLU5C$ ,P>IS ,COMMUNE1 SO 7IRONICALLY7 CONFIRM+ ! S\NDNESS ( KEY ASPECTS ( ,PR\DHON'S & ,BAKUN9'S IDEAS6 

,NOT LETT+ M]E LOGIC GET 9 ! WAY1 ,PROYECT /ATES3 

0,AFT] ! SUPPRESSION ( ! #ahdh REVOLUTIONS1 A DECADE-LONG LULL SET 94 ,:AT GAVE ,M>X & ,5GELS 5C\RAGEM5T WAS ! EMANCIPATION ( S]FS 9 ! ,RUSSIA & ,JOHN ,BR[N'S UPRIS+ AGA9/ SLAV]Y 9 ! ,U,S,A4 ,!Y SAW !SE EV5TS AS PRECURSORS ( 'A NEW ]A ( REVOLUTION' :I* HAD OP5$ UP 9 #a#h#f#c4 ,! REVIVAL ( A DEMOCRATIC MOVEM5T W\LD SURELY LEAD TO AN UPSURGE 9 ! WORK+ CLASS MOVEM5T1 AS ,M>X 9DICAT$ 9 A LETT] TO ,L9COLN 9 #ahfd ON BEHALF ( ! ,9T]NATIONAL ,WORK+ ,MAN'S ,ASSOCIATION 7,I,M,W,A73 ',! WORK+ M5 ( ,EUROPE FEEL SURE ?AT1 AS ! ,AM]ICAN ,W> ( ,9DEP5D5CE 9ITIAT$ A NEW ]A ( ASC5DANCY = ! MIDDLE CLASS1 SO W\LD ! ,AM]ICAN ,ANTI-,SLAV]Y ,W> WILL DO = ! WORK+ CLASSES4' 

,! 0EMANCIPATION0 ( ! S]FS WAS A SELF-RE=M BY ! ,CZ>I/ /ATE1 AN ATTEMPT TO UND]M9E ! SOCIAL PRESSURES )9 ,RUSSIAN SOCIETY & 5SURE ITS SURVIVAL4 ,SIMPLY PUT1 ! ,CZ> FOLL[$ ,H]Z5 & CONSID]$ ! ABOLITION ( S]FDOM FROM ABOVE AS A MU* MORE DESIRABLE OPTION ?AT ITS ABOLITION FROM BEL[4 ,AS SU*1 IT HAD ABSOLUTELY NO?+ TO DO ) DEMOCRATIC POLITICS4 

,! SAME CAN BE SAID ( ,JOHN ,BR[N'S REBELLION4 ,AS ,EMMA ,GOLDMAN NOT$1 ! 0TRUE PATRON SA9TS ( ! BLACK MAN0 WAS NOT ,L9COLN1 BUT ! 0H&FUL ( FI<T]S 444 :OSE GREAT C\RAGE & /URD9ESS CULM9AT$ 9 ?AT SOMB] GIANT ,JOHN ,BRWN40 ,?IS ACTION BY MILITANT M9ORITIES WAS ! KEY1 ) 0,L9COLN & HIS M9IONS FOLL[.<+.> ONLY :5 ABOLITION HAD BECOME A PRACTICAL ISSUE1 RECOGNIZ$ AS SU* BY ALL40 ,! ACTIONS ( A MILITANT M9ORITY1 :O TOOK DIRECT ACTION1 HAS MORE TO DO ) AN>*ISM ?AN 0DEMOCRATIC0 POLITICS4 ,IF ! /RUGGLE AGA9/ SLAV]Y HAD BE5 CONDUCT$ BY ! BALLOT BOX1 P]HAPS WE W\LD /ILL BE WAIT+ = ! 5D ( SLAV]Y AS WE WAIT+ = ! />T ( SOCIALISM8 

,IT %\LD ALSO BE NOT$ ?AT ! 0,ANTI-,SLAV]Y ,W>0 WAS NO SU* ?+4 ,! ,AM]ICAN ,CIVIL ,W> WAS A CONFLICT BETWE5 TWO SIDE ( ! ,U,S RUL+ CLASS4 ,AGA91 ) LITTLE TO DO ) WORK+ CLASS P[] OR 0DEMOCRACY40 

,PROYECT CONT9UES3 

0,9 #a#h#g1 A BIG /RUGGLE OP5$ UP 9 ! ,I,M,W,A OV] ,M>X'S PROPOSAL ?AT TWO GOALS SET ! /RATEGIC AG5DA ( ! ORGANIZATION3 ',TO CONQU] POLITICAL P[] HAS BECOME ! GREAT DUTY ( ! WORK+ CLASSES' & '! EMANCIPATION ( ! WORK+ CLASSES MU/ BE CONQU]$ BY ! WORK+ CLASS !MSELVES4' ,9 O!R WORDS1 ! ORIG9AL 9SPIRATION FROM ! ,*>TI/ MOVEM5T LIV$ ON4 ,HIS TWO MA9 OPPON5TS W]E ,BRITI% TRADE UNION BUREAUCRATS1 :O :ILE GIV+ LIP S]VICE TO ! IDEA ( WORK+ CLASS 9DEP5D5T POLITICS1 W]E ALIGN$ ) ! ,LIB]AL ,P>TY4 ,! O!R WAS ,BAKUN940 

,?IS CONFUSION ( TWO DI/9CT ISSUES 9DICATES ! DI%ONE/Y ( ,PROYECT'S APPROA*4 ,! 0BIG /RUGGLE0 9 ! ,I,W,M,A WAS NOT OV] ! 0TWO GOALS0 ,PROYECT LI/S4 ,BAKUN9 CON/ANTLY /RESS$ ?AT ! EMANCIPATION ( ! WORK+ CLASSES WAS ! WORK ( ! WORK+ CLASSES !MSELVES4 ,PROYECT W\LD KN[ ?IS IF HE HAD BO!R$ TO READ ,BAKUN9'S WRIT+S ON ! ,I,W,M,A & H[ HE VIEW$ ITS DEVELOPM5T4 ,:AT ! 0BIG /RUGGLE0 ACTUALLY 9VOLV$ WAS ON ! QUE/ION ( 0POLITICAL ACTION0 -- I4E4 %\LD WORK]S =M A POLITICAL P>TY & TAKE P>T 9 B\RGEOIS ELECTIONS4 ,PROYECT IS DI/ORT+ ! ISSUES4 

,EQUALLY1 ,BAKUN9 WAS NOT ! 0MA9 OPPON5T0 TO ,M>X'S S*EME4 ,RA!R1 IT WAS MO/ ( ! ,EUROPEAN ,I,W,M,A SECTIONS 7I4E4 ! MAJORITY ( ! ASSOCIATION74 ,BAKUN9 WAS CONSID]$ BY MANY AS A FIGUREHEAD = ?IS /RUGGLE1 BUT ?IS MU/ NOT DI/RACT US FROM ! ESS5TIAL FACT ?AT ! MAJORITY ( ,I,W,M,A SECTIONS OPPOS$ 0POLITICAL ACTION0 9 FAVOR ( ECONOMIC ORGANIZATION & DIRECT ACTION 7:AT W\LD LATT] BE CALL$ SYNDICALISM & WAS !N CALL$ 0COLLECTIVISM074 

,SO :AT WAS ,BAKUN9'S ALT]NATIVE TO 0POLITICAL ACTION08 ,HE >GU$ ?AT :ILE ! COMMUNI/S 0IMAG9E !Y CAN ATTA9 !IR GOAL BY ! DEVELOPM5T & ORGANIZATION ( ! POLITICAL P[] ( ! WORK+ CLASSES 444 AID$ BY B\RGEOIS RADICALISM0 AN>*I/S 0BELIEVE !Y CAN SUCCE$ ONLY ?R\< ! DEVELOPM5T & ORGANIZATION ( ! NONPOLITICAL OR ANTI-POLITICAL P[] ( ! WORK+ CLASSES40 ,! ,COMMUNI/S 0BELIEVE IT NECESS>Y TO ORGANIZE ! WORK]S' =CES 9 ORD] TO SEIZE ! POLITICAL P[] ( ! ,/ATE10 :ILE AN>*I/S 0ORGANIZE = ! PURPOSE ( DE/ROY+ IT40 ,BAKUN9 SAW ?IS 9 T]MS ( CREAT+ NEW ORGANS ( WORK+ CLASS P[] 9 OPPOSITION TO ! /ATE1 ORGANIZ$ 0FROM ! BOTTOM UP1 BY ! FREE ASSOCIATION OR F$]ATION ( WORK]S1 />T+ ) ! ASSOCIATIONS1 !N GO+ ON TO ! COMMUNES1 ! REGION1 ! NATIONS1 &1 F9ALLY1 CULM9AT+ 9 A GREAT 9T]NATIONAL & UNIV]SAL F$]ATION40 .<,BAKUN9 ON ,AN>*ISM1 PP4 #b#f#b-#c & P4 #b#g.> ,9 O!R WORDS1 A SY/EM ( WORK]S' C\NCILS OR REVOLUTION>Y UNIONS4 ,AS SU*1 HE CON/ANTLY >GU$ = WORK]S1 PEASANTS & >TISANS TO ORGANIZE 9TO UNIONS & JO9 ! ,9T]NATIONAL ,WORK+M5'S ,ASSOCIATION1 SO BECOM+ 0A REAL =CE 444 :I* KN[S :AT TO DO & IS !RE=E CAPABLE ( GUID+ ! REVOLUTION 9 ! DIRECTION M>K$ \T BY ! ASPIRATIONS ( ! PEOPLE3 A S]I\S 9T]NATIONAL ORGANIZATION ( WORK]S' ASSOCIATIONS ( ALL L&S CAPABLE ( REPLAC+ ?IS DEP>T+ WORLD ( /ATES40 .<,OP4 ,CIT41 P4 #a#g#d.> ,HE >GU$ ?AT ! 0ORGANIZATION ( ! TRADE SECTIONS1 !IR F$]ATION 9 ! ,9T]NATIONAL1 & !IR REPRES5TATION BY ! ,*AMB]S ( ,LABOR1 NOT ONLY CREATE A GREAT ACADEMY1 9 :I* ! WORK]S ( ! ,9T]NATIONAL1 COMB9+ !ORY & PRACTICE1 CAN & MU/ /UDY ECONOMIC SCI5CE1 !Y ALSO BE> 9 !MSELVES ! LIV+ G]MS ( ! NEW SOCIAL ORD]1 :I* IS TO REPLACE ! B\RGEOIS WORLD4 ,!Y >E CREAT+ NOT ONLY ! IDEAS BUT ALSO ! FACTS ( ! FUTURE ITSELF40 .<QUOT$ BY ,ROCK]1 ,OP4 ,CIT41 P4 #d#e.> 

,?AT ,L59 PAY$ LIP-S]VICE TO ?IS VISION 9 #aiag ) HIS SUPPORT = ! SOVIETS & ! FACT ?AT MORE & MORE REVOLUTION>IES1 9 DISGU/ AT ! RE=MISM ( SOCIAL DEMOCRACY1 TURN$ TO SYNDICALISM BE=E ! FIR/ WORLD W> SUGGE/S ?AT ,BAKUN9 WAS PROV$ RI<T4 

,LA/LY1 IT IS SIGNIFICANT ?AT ,PROYECT /OPS HIS DIATRIBE 9 #a#h#g4 ,AFT] ALL1 AFT] ?IS YE> ,M>X'S IDEAS ON POLITICAL ACTION W]E APPLI$ ACROSS ! WORLD4 ,G]MAN ,SOCIAL-,DEMOCRACY WAS ! CR[N 9 ! JEWEL ( ?IS MOVEM5T4 ,AFT] ,5GELS' DEA? 9 #a#h#i#e1 IT WAS WRACK$ BY ! SO-CALL$ 0REVISIONI/0 DEBATE4 ,?IS WAS ! ATTEMPT BY ! RE=M]S )9 ! P>TY TO ADJU/ ! P>TY'S 7REVOLUTION>Y7 RHETORIC TO ITS 7RE=MI/7 PRACTICE 7! 0DI/9CTION BETWE5 ! CONT5D]S REMA9$ L>GELY A SUBJECTIVE ONE1 A DIFF]5CE ( IDEAS 9 ! EVALUATION ( REALITY RA!R ?AN A DIFF]5CE 9 ! REALM ( ACTION40 7,C4 ,S*ORSKE1 ,G]MAN ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRACY1 P4 #c#h774 ,BY #a#i#a#d1 ! P>TY SID$ ) ITS RUL+ CLASS & SUPPORT$ ! ,IMP]IALI/ W>4 ,ALL ( :I* CONFIRM$ ,BAKUN9'S PR$ICTION ?AT :5 0! WORK]S 444 S5D COMMON WORK]S 444 TO ,LEGISLATIVE ,ASSEMBLIES 444 ,! WORK]-DEPUTIES1 TRANSPLANT$ 9TO A B\RGEOIS 5VIRONM5T1 9TO AN ATMOSPH]E ( PURELY B\RGEOIS IDEAS1 WILL 9 FACT CEASE TO BE WORK]S &1 BECOM+ ,/ATESM51 !Y WILL BECOME B\RGEOIS 444 ,= M5 DO NOT MAKE !IR SITUATIONS2 ON ! CONTR>Y1 M5 >E MADE BY !M40 .<,! ,BASIC ,BAKUN91 P4 #a#h.> ,! HI/ORY ( ! ,M>XI/ ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRATIC ,P>TIES ACROSS ! WORLD PROV$ HIM RI<T4 

,!RE=E IT IS UND]/&ABLE ?AT = ,PROYECT TIME /OPP$ 9 #a#h#g4 ,TO ACTUALLY EVALUATE ! ACTUAL HI/ORICAL RECORD ( ,M>X'S IDEAS W\LD =CE HIM TO QUE/ION :E!R IT WAS SUCCESSFUL OR NOT4 ,CLE>LY1 IT WAS NOT4 

,PROYECT 5DS AS FOLL[S3 

07,?IS >TICLE WAS 9T5D$ TO BE ! FIR/ 9 A S]IES ON AN>*ISM4 ,BECAUSE ( ! POLITICAL UPHEAVALS TAK+ PLACE >\ND ! ,SEPTEMB] #a#a? EV5TS1 ! ISSUES ?AT G5]AT$ ?IS >TICLE HAVE BE5 SUP]S$$ = ! =ESEEABLE FUTURE4 ,I MAY RETURN TO !M 9 ! FUTURE AS DICTAT$ BY POLITICAL EXIG5CIES4 #i_/#b#c_/#b#a70 

,PROYECT'S ESSAY IS NOT 0ON AN>*ISM40 ,IT IS ON ,BAKUN94 ,AN>*I/S >E NOT 0,BAKUN9I/S40 ,!RE=E TO CRITIQUE AN>*ISM IT IS NECESS>Y TO CRITIQUE ?OSE ASPECTS ( ,BAKUN9'S IDEAS :I* AN>*I/S ACCEPT4 ,9/EAD ( DO+ ?IS ,PROYECT SIMPLY COBBLES TOGE!R A S]IES ( P]SONAL ATTACKS ON ,BAKUN91 HIS P]SONAL FAIL+S AS WELL AS DI/ORT+ HIS ACTUAL IDEAS4 ,LET US HOPE ?AT :5 HE RETURNS TO ?IS SUBJECT HE DOES ACTUALLY BO!R TO F9D \T SOME?+ AB\T ! !ORY HE IS TRY+ TO CRITIQUE4 ,I1 = ONE1 WILL NOT HOLD MY BREA?6 

,FROM 3 ,!,AN>*I/,LIBR>Y4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,FEBRU>Y #a#a1 #bba 3 ,A REPLY TO ,L\IS ,PROYECT'S 0,A ,M>XI/ ,CRITIQUE ( ,BAKUN90 -- ,ADD$4 
,JANU>Y #g1 #bbb 3 ,A REPLY TO ,L\IS ,PROYECT'S 0,A ,M>XI/ ,CRITIQUE ( ,BAKUN90 -- ,UPDAT$4 

 FILE G5]AT$ FROM 3  
HTTP3_/_/REVOLTLIB4COM_/