,ADDRESS TO ! ,9T]NATIONAL ,WORK+ ,M5'S ,ASSOCIATION ,CONGRESS 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,EMMA ,GOLDMAN 

,TAGS 3 \R SPANI% COMRADES1 COMRADES 9 SPA91 REVOLUTION 9 SPA91 WORK]S & PEASANTS1 SPANI% COMRADES1 SPANI% REVOLUTION1 RUSSIAN REVOLUTION1 CIVIL W>1 ANTI-FASCI/ /RUGGLE1 ANTI-FASCI/ W>4 

,TEXT 3 

,ADDRESS TO ! ,9T]NATIONAL ,WORK+ ,M5'S ,ASSOCIATION ,CONGRESS 

BY ,EMMA ,GOLDMAN 

  

,PHOTO BY ,GOSIA ,MALO*LEB1,C,C ,B,Y-,N,C ,LIC5SE ,LIFE IMPOSES /RANGE SITUATIONS ON ALL ( US4 ,= =TY-EI<T YE>S ,I WAS CONSID]$ AN EXTREMI/ 9 \R RANKS4 ,ONE :O REFUS$ TO COMPROMISE \R IDEAS OR TACTICS = ANY PURPOSE :ATSOEV]--ONE :O ALWAYS 9SI/$ ?AT ! ,AN>*I/ AIM & ME?ODS MU/ H>MONIZE1 OR ! AIM W\LD NEV] BE A*IEV$4 ,YET H]E ,I AM TRY+ TO EXPLA9 ! ACTION ( \R ,SPANI% COMRADES TO ! ,EUROPEAN OPPON5TS1 & ! CRITICISM ( ! LATT] TO ! COMRADES ( ! ,C,N,T-,F,A,I4 ,9 O!R WORDS1 AFT] A LIFETIME ( AN EXTREME LEFT POSITION ,I F9D MYSELF 9 ! C5T]1 AS IT W]E4 

,I HAVE SE5 FROM ! MOM5T ( MY FIR/ >RIVAL 9 ,SPA9 9 ,SEPTEMB] #aicf ?AT \R COMRADES 9 ,SPA9 >E PLUNG+ HEAD =EMO/ 9TO ! ABYSS ( COMPROMISE ?AT WILL LEAD !M F> AWAY FROM !IR REVOLUTION>Y AIM4 ,SUBSEQU5T EV5TS HAVE PROV5 ?AT ?OSE ( US :O SAW ! DANG] AHEAD W]E RI<T4 ,! P>TICIPATION ( ! ,C,N,T-,F,A,I 9 ! GOV]NM5T1 & CONCESSIONS TO ! 9SATIABLE MON/] 9 ,MOSC[1 HAVE C]TA9LY NOT B5EFIT$ ! ,SPANI% ,REVOLUTION1 OR EV5 ! ANTI-,FASCI/ /RUGGLE4 ,YET CLOS] CONTACT ) REALITY 9 ,SPA91 ) ! ALMO/ 9SURM\NTABLE ODDS AGA9/ ! ASPIRATIONS ( ! ,C,N,T-,F,A,I1 MADE ME UND]/& !IR TACTICS BETT]1 & HELP$ ME TO GU>D AGA9/ ANY DOGMATIC JUDGM5T ( \R COMRADES4 

,I AM 9CL9$ TO BELIEVE ?AT ! CRITICS 9 \R RANKS \TSIDE ( ,SPA9 W\LD BE LESS RIGID 9 !IR APPRAISAL IF !Y TOO HAD COME CLOS] TO ! LIFE-&-DEA? /RUGGLE ( ! ,C,N,T-,F,A,I -- NOT ?AT ,I DO NOT AGREE ) !IR CRITICISM4 ,I ?9K !M #ie P]C5T RI<T4 ,H[EV]1 ,I 9SI/ ?AT 9DEP5D5T ?9K+ & ! RI<T ( CRITICISM HAVE EV] BE5 \R PR\DE/ ,AN>*I/ BOA/1 9DE$1 ! V]Y BULW>K ( ,AN>*ISM4 ,! TR\BLE ) \R ,SPANI% COMRADES IS !IR M>K$ S5SITIVITY TO CRITICISM1 OR EV5 TO ADVICE FROM ANY COMRADE \TSIDE ( ,SPA94 ,BUT = ?AT1 !Y W\LD UND]/& ?AT !IR CRITICS >E MOV$ NOT BY VILLA9Y1 BUT BY !IR DEEPE/ CONC]N = ! FATE ( ! ,C,N,T-,F,A,I4 

,! ,SPANI% ,AN>*O-,SYNDICALI/ & ,AN>*I/ MOVEM5TS UNTIL V]Y REC5TLY HAVE HELD \T ! MO/ GL>+ FULFILLM5T ( ALL \R DREAMS & ASPIRATIONS4 ,I CANNOT !RE=E BLAME ?OSE ( \R COMRADES :O SEE 9 ! COMPROMISES ( ! ,SPANI% ,AN>*I/S A REV]SAL ( ALL !Y HAD HELD HI< = WELL NI< SEV5TY YE>S4 ,NATURALLY SOME COMRADES HAVE GR[N APPREH5SIVE & HAVE BEGUN TO CRY \T AGA9/ ! SLIPP]Y ROAD :I* ! ,C,N,T-,F,A,I 5T]$ ON4 ,I HAVE KN[N !SE COMRADES = YE>S4 ,!Y >E AMONG MY DE>E/ FRI5DS4 ,I KN[ IT IS !IR REVOLUTION>Y 9TEGRITY :I* MAKES !M SO CRITICAL1 & NOT ANY ULT]IOR MOTIVE4 ,IF \R ,SPANI% COMRADES C\LD ONLY UND]/& ?IS1 !Y W\LD BE LESS 9DIGNANT1 NOR CONSID] !IR CRITICS !IR 5EMIES4 

,ALSO1 ,I FE> ?AT ! CRITICS TOO >E V]Y MU* AT FAULT4 ,!Y >E NO LESS DOGMATIC ?AN ! ,SPANI% COMRADES4 ,!Y CONDEMN EV]Y /EP MADE 9 ,SPA9 UNRES]V$LY4 ,9 !IR SECT>IAN ATTITUDE !Y HAVE OV]LOOK$ ! MOTIVE ELEM5T RECOGNIZ$ 9 \R TIME EV5 9 CAPITALI/ C\RTS4 ,YET IT IS A FACT ?AT ONE CAN NEV] JUDGE HUMAN ACTION UNLESS ONE HAS DISCOV]$ ! MOTIVE BACK ( ! ACTION4 

,:5 ,I HAVE PO9T$ ?IS \T TO \R CRITICAL COMRADES !Y HAVE 9SI/$ ?AT ,L59 & HIS GR\P W]E ALSO MOV$ BY ! BE/ 9T5TIONS1 0& SEE :AT !Y HAVE MADE ( ! ,REVOLUTION40 ,I FAIL TO SEE EV5 ! REMOTE/ SIMIL>ITY4 ,L59 AIM$ AT A =MIDABLE ,/ATE MA*9E1 A DEADLY DICTATOR%IP4 ,FROM ! V]Y BEG9N+1 ?IS SPELL$ ! DEA? ( ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION--:]EAS ! ,C,N,T-,F,A,I NOT ONLY AIM$ AT1 BUT ACTUALLY GAVE LIFE TO1 LIB]T>IAN ECONOMIC RECON/RUCTIONS4 ,FROM ! V]Y MOM5T !Y HAD DRIV5 ! ,FASCI/S & MILIT>I/S \T ( ,CATALONIA1 ?IS H]CULEAN TASK WAS NEV] LO/ SI<T (4 ,! WORK A*IEV$1 CONSID]+ ! 9SURM\NTABLE OB/ACLES1 WAS EXTRAORD9>Y4 ,ALREADY ON MY FIR/ VISIT ,I WAS AMAZ$ TO F9D SO MANY COLLECTIVES 9 ! L>GE CITIES & ! VILLAGES4 

,I RETURN$ TO ,SPA9 ) APPREH5SION BECAUSE ( ALL ! RUMORS ?AT HAD REA*$ ME AFT] ! ,MAY EV5TS ( ! DE/RUCTION ( ! COLLECTIVES4 ,IT IS TRUE ?AT ! ,LI/] & ,K>L ,M>X ,BRIGADES W5T ?R\< ,>AGON & PLACES 9 ,CATALONIA LIKE A CYCLONE1 DEVA/AT+ EV]Y?+ 9 !IR WAY2 BUT IT IS NEV]!LESS ! FACT ?AT MO/ ( ! COLLECTIVES W]E KEEP+ UP AS IF NO H>M HAD COME TO !M4 ,9 FACT ,I F\ND ! COLLECTIVES 9 ,SEPTEMB] & ,OCTOB] #aicg 9 BETT]-ORGANIZ$ CONDITION & 9 BETT] WORK+ ORD]-- & ?AT1 AFT] ALL1 IS ! MO/ IMPORTANT A*IEVEM5T ?AT MU/ BE KEPT 9 M9D 9 ANY APPRAISAL ( ! MI/AKES MADE BY \R COMRADES 9 ,SPA94 ,UN=TUNATELY1 \R CRITICAL COMRADES DO NOT SEEM TO SEE ?IS ALL-IMPORTANT SIDE ( ! ,C,N,T-,F,A,I4 ,YET IT IS ?IS :I* DIFF]5TIATES !M FROM ,L59 & HIS CR[D :O1 F> FROM EV5 ATTEMPT+ TO >TICULATE ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION 9 T]MS ( CON/RUCTIVE EF=T1 DE/ROY$ EV]Y?+ DUR+ ! CIVIL W> & EV5 MANY YE>S AFT]4 

,/RANGELY 5\<1 ! V]Y COMRADES ( ! CIVIL W> 9 ,RUSSIA :O HAD EXPLA9$ EV]Y /EP ( ! DICTATOR%IP AS 0REVOLUTION>Y NECESSITY0 >E N[ ! MO/ UNYIELD+ OPPON5TS ( ! ,C,N,T-,F,A,I4 0,WE HAVE LE>N$ \R LESSON FROM ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION10 !Y SAY4 ,BUT AS NO ONE LE>NS ANY?+ FROM ! EXP]I5CE ( O!RS1 WE MU/1 :E!R WE LIKE IT OR NOT1 GIVE \R ,SPANI% COMRADES A *ANCE TO F9D !IR BE>+S ?R\< !IR [N EXP]I5CE4 ,SURELY \R [N FLE% & BLOOD >E 5TITL$ TO ! SAME PATI5T HELP & SOLID>ITY SOME ( US HAVE GIV5 G5]\SLY TO \R >*5EMIES ! ,COMMUNI/S4 

,! ,C,N,T-,F,A,I >E NOT SO WRONG :5 !Y 9SI/ ?AT ! CONDITION+ 9 ,SPA9 IS QUITE DIFF]5T FROM ?AT :I* ACTUAT$ ! /RUGGLE 9 ,RUSSIA4 ,9 PO9T ( FACT ! TWO SOCIAL UPHEAVALS >E SEP>ATE & DI/9CT FROM EA* O!R4 

,! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION CAME ON TOP ( A W>-EXHAU/$ PEOPLE1 ) ALL ! SOCIAL FABRIC 9 ,RUSSIA DIS9TEGRAT$1 ! C\NTRY F> REMOV$ FROM \TSIDE 9FLU5CES4 ,:ATEV] DANG]S IT 5C\NT]$ DUR+ ! CIVIL W> CAME 5TIRELY FROM )9 ! C\NTRY ITSELF4 ,EV5 ! HELP GIV5 TO ! 9T]V5TIONI/S BY ,5GL&1 ,POL&1 & ,FRANCE W]E CONTRIBUT$ SP>+LY4 ,NOT ?AT !SE C\NTRIES W]E NOT READY TO CRU% ! ,REVOLUTION BY MEANS ( WELL-EQUIPP$ >MIES2 BUT ,EUROPE WAS TOO SAPP$4 ,!RE W]E NEI!R M5 NOR >MS 5\< TO 5ABLE ! ,RUSSIAN C\NT]-REVOLUTIONI/S TO DE/ROY ! ,REVOLUTION & ITS PEOPLE4 

,! REVOLUTION 9 ,SPA9 WAS ! RESULT ( A MILIT>Y & ,FASCI/ CONSPIRACY4 ,! FIR/ IMP]ATIVE NE$ ?AT PRES5T$ ITSELF TO ! ,C,N,T-,F,A,I WAS TO DRIVE \T ! CONSPIRATORIAL GANG4 ,! ,FASCI/ DANG] HAD TO BE MET ) ALMO/ B>E H&S4 ,9 ?IS PROCESS ! ,SPANI% WORK]S & PEASANTS SOON CAME TO SEE ?AT !IR 5EMIES W]E NOT ONLY ,FRANCO & HIS ,MOORI% HORDES4 ,!Y SOON F\ND !MSELVES BESIEG$ BY =MIDABLE >MIES & AN >RAY ( MOD]N >MS FURNI%$ TO ,FRANCO BY ,HITL] & ,MUSSOL9I1 ) ALL ! IMP]IALI/ PACK PLAY+ !IR S9I/] UND]H&$ GAME4 ,9 O!R WORDS1 :ILE ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION & ! CIVIL W> W]E BE+ F\<T \T ON ,RUSSIAN SOIL & BY ,RUSSIANS1 ! ,SPANI% REVOLUTION & ANTI-,FASCI/ W> 9VOLVES ALL ! P[]S ( ,EUROPE4 ,IT IS NO EXAGG]ATION TO SAY ?AT ! ,SPANI% ,CIVIL ,W> HAS SPREAD \T F> BEYOND ITS [N CONF9ES4 

,AS IF ?AT W]E NOT 5\< TO =CE ! ,C,N,T-,F,A,I TO HOLD !MSELVES UP BY ANY MEANS1 RA!R ?AN TO SEE ! REVOLUTION & ! MASSES DR[N$ 9 ! BLOODBA? PREP>$ = !M BY ,FRANCO & HIS ALLIES--\R COMRADES HAD ALSO TO CONT5D ) ! 9]TIA ( ! 9T]NATIONAL PROLET>IAT4 ,H]E9 LIES ANO!R TRAGIC DIFF]5CE BETWE5 ! ,RUSSIAN & ,SPANI% REVOLUTIONS4 

,! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION HAD MET ) ALMO/ 9/ANTANE\S RESPONSE & UN/9T$ SUPPORT FROM ! WORK]S 9 EV]Y L&4 ,?IS WAS SOON FOLL[$ BY ! REVOLUTION 9 ,G]MANY1 ,AU/RIA1 & ,HUNG>Y2 & ! G5]AL /RIKE ( ! ,BRITI% WORK]S :O REFUS$ TO LOAD >MS 9T5D$ = ! C\NT]-REVOLUTIONI/S & 9T]V5TIONI/S4 ,IT BR\<T AB\T ! MUT9Y 9 ! ,BLACK ,SEA1 & RAIS$ ! WORK]S EV]Y:]E TO ! HI<E/ PIT* ( 5?USIASM & SACRIFICE4 

,! ,SPANI% REVOLUTION1 ON ! O!R H&1 JU/ BECAUSE ITS LEAD]S >E ,AN>*I/S1 IMM$IATELY BECAME A SORE 9 ! EYES NOT ONLY ( ! B\RGEOISIE & ! DEMOCRATIC GOV]NM5TS1 BUT ALSO ( ! 5TIRE S*OOL ( ,M>XI/S & LIB]ALS4 ,9 PO9T ( TRU? ! ,SPANI% REVOLUTION WAS BETRAY$ BY ! :OLE WORLD4 

,IT HAS BE5 SUGGE/$ ?AT \R COMRADES 9 EV]Y C\NTRY HAVE CONTRIBUT$ H&SOMELY 9 M5 & MONEY TO ! ,SPANI% /RUGGLE1 & ?AT !Y ALONE %\LD HAVE BE5 APPEAL$ TO4 

,WELL1 COMRADES1 WE >E MEMB]S ( ! SAME FAMILY & WE >E AMONG \RSELVES4 ,WE !RE=E NE$ NOT BEAT >\ND ! BU%4 ,! DEPLORABLE FACT IS ?AT !RE IS NO ,AN>*I/ OR ,AN>*O-,SYNDICALI/ MOVEM5T ( ANY GREAT CONSEQU5CE \TSIDE ( ,SPA91 & 9 A SMALL] DEGREE ,FRANCE1 ) ! EXCEPTION ( ,SW$54 ,:ATEV] ,AN>*I/ MOVEM5TS !RE >E 9 O!R C\NTRIES CONSI/ ( SMALL GR\PS4 ,9 ALL ,5GL&1 = 9/ANCE1 !RE IS NO ORGANIZ$ MOVEM5T--ONLY A FEW GR\PS4 

,) ! MO/ F]V5T DESIRE TO AID ! REVOLUTION 9 ,SPA91 \R COMRADES \TSIDE ( IT W]E NEI!R NUM]ICALLY NOR MAT]IALLY /RONG 5\< TO TURN ! TIDE4 ,?US F9D+ !MSELVES UP AGA9/ A /ONE WALL1 ! ,C,N,T-,F,A,I WAS =C$ TO DESC5D FROM ITS L(TY TRADITIONAL HEI<TS TO COMPROMISE RI<T & LEFT3 P>TICIPATION 9 ! GOV]NM5T1 ALL SORTS ( HUMILIAT+ OV]TURES TO ,/AL91 SUP]HUMAN TOL]ANCE = HIS H5*M5 :O W]E OP5LY PLOTT+ & CONNIV+ AGA9/ ! ,SPANI% REVOLUTION4 

,( ALL ! UN=TUNATE CONCESSIONS \R PEOPLE HAVE MADE1 !IR 5TRY 9TO M9I/RIES SEEM$ TO ME ! LEA/ (F5SIVE4 ,NO1 ,I HAVE NOT *ANG$ MY ATTITUDE T[>D GOV]NM5T AS AN EVIL4 ,AS ALL ?R\< MY LIFE1 ,I /ILL HOLD ?AT ! ,/ATE IS A COLD MON/]1 & ?AT IT DEV\RS EV]YONE )9 ITS REA*4 ,DID ,I NOT KN[ ?AT ! ,SPANI% PEOPLE SEE 9 GOV]NM5T A M]E MAKE%IFT1 TO BE KICK$ OV]BO>D AT WILL1 ?AT !Y HAD NEV] BE5 DELUD$ & CORRUPT$ BY ! P>LIAM5T>Y MY?1 ,I %\LD P]HAPS BE MORE AL>M$ = ! FUTURE ( ! ,C,N,T,F,A,I4 ,BUT ) ,FRANCO AT ! GATE ( ,MADRID1 ,I C\LD H>DLY BLAME ! ,C,N,T-,F,A,I = *OOS+ A LESS] EVIL--P>TICIPATION 9 ! GOV]NM5T RA!R ?AN DICTATOR%IP1 ! MO/ DEADLY EVIL4 

,RUSSIA HAS MORE ?AN PROV5 ! NATURE ( ?IS BEA/4 ,AFT] TW5TY YE>S IT /ILL ?RIVES ON ! BLOOD ( ITS MAK]S4 ,NOR IS ITS CRU%+ WEI<T FELT 9 ,RUSSIA ALONE4 ,S9CE ,/AL9 BEGAN HIS 9VASION ( ,SPA91 ! M>* ( HIS H5*M5 HAS BE5 LEAV+ DEA? & RU9 BEH9D !M4 ,DE/RUCTION ( NUM]\S COLLECTIVES1 ! 9TRODUCTION ( ! ,T*EKA ) ITS 0G5TLE0 ME?ODS ( TREAT+ POLITICAL OPPON5TS1 ! >RE/ ( ?\S&S ( REVOLUTION>IES1 & ! MURD] 9 BROAD DAYLI<T ( O!RS4 ,ALL ?IS & MORE1 HAS ,/AL9'S DICTATOR%IP GIV5 ,SPA91 :5 HE SOLD >MS TO ! ,SPANI% PEOPLE 9 RETURN = GOOD GOLD4 ,9NOC5T ( ! JESUITICAL TRICK ( 0\R BELOV$ COMRADE0 ,/AL91 ! ,C,N,T-,F,A,I C\LD NOT IMAG9E 9 !IR WILDE/ DREAMS ! UNSCRUPUL\S DESIGNS HIDD5 BEH9D ! SEEM+ SOLID>ITY 9 ! (F] ( >MS FROM ,RUSSIA4 

,!IR NE$ TO MEET ,FRANCO'S MILIT>Y EQUIPM5T WAS A MATT] ( LIFE & DEA?4 ,! ,SPANI% PEOPLE HAD NOT A MOM5T TO LOSE IF !Y W]E NOT TO BE CRU%$4 ,:AT WOND] IF !Y SAW 9 ,/AL9 ! SAVIOR ( ! ANTI-,FASCI/ W>8 ,!Y HAVE S9CE LE>N$ ?AT ,/AL9 HELP$ TO MAKE ,SPA9 SAFE AGA9/ ! ,FASCI/S SO AS TO MAKE IT SAF] = HIS [N 5DS4 

,! CRITICAL COMRADES >E NOT AT ALL WRONG :5 !Y SAY ?AT IT DOES NOT SEEM WOR?:ILE TO SACRIFICE ONE IDEAL 9 ! /RUGGLE AGA9/ ,FASCISM1 IF IT ONLY MEANS TO MAKE ROOM = ,SOVIET ,COMMUNISM4 ,I AM 5TIRELY ( !IR VIEW--?AT !RE IS NO DIFF]5CE BETWE5 !M4 ,MY [N CONSOLATION IS ?AT ) ALL !IR CONC5TRAT$ CRIM9AL EF=TS1 ,SOVIET ,COMMUNISM HAS NOT TAK5 ROOT 9 ,SPA94 ,I KN[ :]E( ,I SPEAK4 ,ON MY REC5T VISIT TO ,SPA9 ,I HAD AMPLE OPPORTUNITY TO CONV9CE MYSELF ?AT ! ,COMMUNI/S HAVE FAIL$ UTT]LY TO W9 ! SYMPA?IES ( ! MASSES2 QUITE ! CONTR>Y4 ,!Y HAVE NEV] BE5 SO HAT$ BY ! WORK]S & PEASANTS AS N[4 

,IT IS TRUE ?AT ! ,COMMUNI/S >E 9 ! GOV]NM5T & HAVE POLITICAL P[]--?AT !Y USE !IR P[] TO ! DETRIM5T ( ! REVOLUTION1 ! ANTI-,FASCI/ /RUGGLE1 & ! PRE/IGE ( ! ,C,N,T-,F,A,I4 ,BUT /RANGE AS IT MAY SEEM1 IT IS NEV]!LESS NO EXAGG]ATION :5 ,I SAY ?AT 9 A MORAL S5SE ! ,C,N,T HAS GA9$ IMMEASURABLY4 ,I GIVE A FEW PRO(S4 

,S9CE ! ,MAY EV5TS ! ,MADRID CIRCULATION ( ! ,C,N,T .<PAP].> HAS ALMO/ D\BL$1 :ILE ! TWO ,COMMUNI/ PAP]S 9 ?AT CITY HAVE ONLY #b#f14 ,! ,C,N,T ALONE HAS #a1 ?R\<\T ,CA/ILE4 ,! SAME HAS HAPP5$ ) \R PAP]1 ,CA/ILLA ,LIBRE4 ,9 ADDITION1 !RE IS ! ,FR5TE ,LIB]T>IO1 ) A CIRCULATION ( #a1 COPIES4 

,A MORE SIGNIFICANT FACT IS ?AT :5 ! ,COMMUNI/S CALL A MEET+ IT IS POORLY ATT5D$4 ,:5 ! ,C,N,T-,F,A,I HOLD MEET+S ! HALLS >E PACK$ TO OV]FL[+4 ,I HAD ONE OCCASION TO CONV9CE MYSELF ( ?IS TRU?4 ,I W5T TO ,ALLECANTE ) COMRADE ,F$]ICA ,MONTS5EY & AL?\< ! MEET+ WAS HELD 9 ! =5OON1 & RA9 CAME D[N 9 A D[NP\R4 ! HALL WAS NEV]!LESS PACK$ TO CAPACITY4 ,IT IS ! MORE SURPRIS+ ?AT ! ,COMMUNI/S CAN LORD IT OV] EV]YBODY2 BUT IT IS ONE ( ! MANY CONTRADICTIONS ( ! SITUATION 9 ,SPA94 

,IF \R COMRADES HAVE ]R$ 9 P]MITT+ ! ,COMMUNI/ 9VASION IT WAS ONLY BECAUSE ! ,C,N,T-,F,A,I >E ! IMPLACABLE 5EMIES ( ,FASCISM4 ,!Y W]E ! FIR/1 NOT ONLY 9 ,SPA9 BUT 9 ! :OLE WORLD1 TO REPULSE ,FASCISM1 & !Y >E DET]M9$ TO REMA9 ! LA/ ON ! BATTLEFIELD1 UNTIL ! BEA/ IS SLA94 ,?IS SUPREME DET]M9ATION SETS ! ,C,N,T-,F,A,I AP>T 9 ! HI/ORY ( 9DOMITABLE *AMPIONS & FI<T]S = FRE$OM ! WORLD HAS EV] KN[N4 ,COMP>$ ) ?IS1 !IR COMPROMISES APPE> 9 A LESS GL>+ LI<T4 

,TRUE1 ! TACIT CONS5T TO MILIT>IZATION ON ! P>T ( \R ,SPANI% COMRADES WAS A VIOL5T BREAK ) !IR ,AN>*I/ PA/4 ,BUT GRAVE AS ?IS WAS1 IT MU/ ALSO BE CONSID]$ 9 ! LI<T ( !IR UTT] MILIT>Y 9EXP]I5CE4 ,NOT ONLY !IRS BUT \RS AS WELL4 ,ALL ( US HAVE TALK$ RA!R GLIBLY AB\T ANTIMILIT>ISM4 ,9 \R ZEAL & LOA?+ ( W> WE HAVE LO/ SI<T ( MOD]N W>F>E1 ( ! UTT] HELPLESSNESS ( UNTRA9$ & UNEQUIPP$ M5 FACE TO FACE ) ME*ANIZ$ >MIES1 & >M$ TO !IR TEE? = ! BATTLE ON L&1 SEA1 & AIR4 ,I /ILL FEEL ! SAME ABHORR5CE ( MILIT>ISM1 ITS DEHUMANIZATION1 ITS BRUTALITY & ITS P[] TO TURN M5 9TO AUTOMATONS4 ,BUT MY CONTACT ) \R COMRADES AT ! V>I\S FRONTS DUR+ MY FIR/ VISIT 9 #aicf CONV9C$ ME ?AT SOME TRA9+ WAS C]TA9LY NE$$ IF \R MILITIAS W]E NOT TO BE SACRIFIC$ LIKE NEWBORN *ILDR5 ON ! ALT> ( W>4 

,:ILE IT IS TRUE ?AT AFT] ,JULY #ai T5S ( ?\S&S ( OLD & Y\NG M5 VOLUNTE]$ TO GO TO ! FRONT--!Y W5T ) FLY+ COLORS & ! DET]M9ATION TO CONQU] ,FRANCO 9 A %ORT TIME--!Y HAD NO PREVI\S MILIT>Y TRA9+ OR EXP]I5CE4 ,I SAW A GREAT MANY ( ! MILITIA :5 ,I VISIT$ ! ,DURRUTI & ,HUESCA FRONTS4 ,!Y W]E ALL 9SPIR$ BY !IR IDEAL--BY ! HATR$ ( ,FASCISM & PASSIONATE LOVE ( FRE$OM4 ,NO D\BT ?AT W\LD HAVE C>RI$ !M A LONG WAY IF !Y HAD HAD ONLY ! ,SPANI% ,FASCI/S TO FACE2 BUT :5 ,G]MANY & ,ITALY BEGAN P\R+ 9 HUNDR$S ( ?\S&S ( M5 & MASSES ( W> MAT]IEL1 \R MILITIAS PROV$ V]Y 9ADEQUATE 9DE$4 ,IF IT WAS 9CONSI/5T ON ! P>T ( ! ,C,N,T-,F,A,I TO CONS5T TO MILIT>IZATION1 IT WAS ALSO 9CONSI/5T = US TO *ANGE \R ATTITUDE T[>D W>1 :I* SOME ( US HAD HELD ALL \R LIVES4 ,WE HAD ALWAYS CONDEMN$ W> AS S]V+ CAPITALISM & NO O!R PURPOSE2 BUT :5 WE REALIZ$ ?AT \R H]OIC COMRADES 9 ,B>CELONA HAD TO CONT9UE ! ANTI-,FASCI/ /RUGGLE1 WE IMM$IATELY RALLI$ TO !IR SUPPORT1 :I* WAS UND\BT$LY A DEP>TURE FROM \R PREVI\S /& ON W>4 ,ONCE WE REALIZ$ ?AT IT W\LD BE IMPOSSIBLE TO MEET HORDES ( ,FASCI/S >M$ TO ! V]Y TEE?1 WE C\LD NOT ESCAPE ! NEXT /EP1 :I* WAS MILIT>IZATION4 ,LIKE SO MANY ACTIONS ( ! ,C,N,T-,F,A,I UND\BT$LY CONTR>Y TO \R PHILOSOPHY1 !Y W]E NOT ( !IR MAK+ OR *OOS+4 ,!Y W]E IMPOS$ UPON !M BY ! DEVELOPM5T ( ! /RUGGLE1 :I* IF NOT BR\<T TO A SUCCESSFUL 5D1 W\LD EXT]M9ATE ! ,C,N,T-,F,A,I1 DE/ROY !IR CON/RUCTIVE A*IEVEM5TS1 & SET BACK ,AN>*I/ ?\<T & IDEAS NOT ONLY 9 ,SPA9 BUT 9 ! RE/ ( ! WORLD4 

,DE> COMRADES1 IT IS NOT A QUE/ION ( JU/IFICATION ( EV]Y?+ ! ,C,N,T-,F,A,I HAVE BE5 DO+4 ,IT IS M]ELY TRY+ TO UND]/& ! =CES ?AT DROVE & DRIVE !M ON4 ,:E!R TO TRIUMPH OR DEFEAT WILL DEP5D A GREAT DEAL ON H[ MU* WE CAN AWAK5 ! 9T]NATIONAL PROLET>IAT TO COME TO ! RESCUE ( ! /RUGGLE 9 ,SPA92 & UNLESS WE CAN CREATE UNITY AMONG \RSELVES1 ,I DO NOT SEE H[ WE CAN CALL UPON ! WORK]S ( ! WORLD TO UNITE 9 !IR EF=TS TO CONQU] ,FASCISM & TO RESCUE ! ,SPANI% REVOLUTION4 

,\R COMRADES HAVE A SUBLIME IDEAL TO 9SPIRE !M2 !Y HAVE GREAT C\RAGE & ! IRON WILL TO CONQU] ,FASCISM4 ,ALL ?AT GOES A LONG WAY TO HOLD UP !IR MORALE4 ,AIRPLANES BOMB>D+ T[NS & VILLAGES & ALL ! O!R MON/] ME*ANISMS CANNOT BE /OPP$ BY SPIRITUAL VALUES4 ,! GREAT] ! PITY ?AT \R SIDE WAS NOT PREP>$1 NOR HAD ! PHYSICAL MEANS TO MAT* ! 9EXHAU/IBLE SUPPLIES /REAM+ 9TO ,FRANCO'S SIDE4 

,IT IS A MIRACLE ( MIRACLES ?AT \R PEOPLE >E /ILL ON DECK1 MORE ?AN EV] DET]M9$ TO W94 ,I CANNOT BUT ?9K ?AT ! TRA9+ \R COMRADES >E GETT+ 9 ! MILIT>Y S*OOLS WILL MAKE !M FITT] TO /RIKE1 & ) GREAT] =CE4 ,I HAVE BE5 /R5G!N$ 9 ?IS BELIEF BY MY TALKS ) Y\NG COMRADES 9 ! MILIT>Y S*OOLS--) SOME ( !M AT ! ,MADRID FRONT & ) ,C,N,T-,F,A,I MEMB]S OCCUPY+ HI< MILIT>Y POSITIONS4 ,!Y ALL ASSUR$ ME ?AT !Y HAD GA9$ MU* ?R\< ! MILIT>Y TRA9+1 & ?AT !Y FEEL MORE COMPET5T & SUR] ( !MSELVES TO MEET ! 5EMY =CES4 ,I AM NOT =GETT+ ! DANG] ( MILIT>IZATION 9 A PROLONG$ W>4 ,IF SU* A CALAMITY %\LD HAPP51 !RE WILL NOT BE MANY ( \R GALLANT MILITIAS LEFT TO RETURN AS MILIT>Y ULTIMATUMS4 ,I F]V5TLY HOPE ?AT ,FASCISM WILL BE CONQU]$ QUICKLY1 & ?AT \R COMRADES CAN RETURN FROM ! FRONT 9 TRIUMPH TO :]E !Y CAME FROM--! COLLECTIVES1 L& & 9DU/RIES4 ,= ! PRES5T !RE IS NO DANG] ?AT !Y WILL BECOME COGS 9 ! MILIT>Y :EEL4 

,ALL !SE FACTORS DIRECT+ ! C\RSE ( ! ,C,N,T-,F,A,I %\LD BE TAK5 9TO CONSID]ATION BY ! COMRADE CRITICS1 :O AFT] ALL >E F> REMOV$ FROM ! /RUGGLE1 H5CE REALLY NOT 9 A POSITION TO SEE ! :OLE TRAGIC DRAMA ?R\< ! EYES ( ?OSE :O >E 9 ! ACTUAL /RUGGLE4 

,I DO NOT MEAN TO SAY ?AT ,I MAY NOT ALSO REA* ! PA9FUL PO9T ( DISAGREEM5T ) ! ,C,N,T-,F,A,I4 ,BUT UNTIL ,FASCISM IS CONQU]$1 ,I W\LD NOT RAISE MY H& AGA9/ !M4 ,= ! PRES5T MY PLACE IS AT ! SIDE ( ! ,SPANI% COMRADES & !IR GREAT /RUGGLE AGA9/ A :OLE WORLD4 

,COMRADES1 ! ,C,N,T-,F,A,I >E 9 A BURN+ H\SE2 ! FLAMES >E %OOT+ UP ?R\< EV]Y CREVICE1 COM+ NE>] & NE>] TO SCOR* \R COMRADES4 ,AT ?IS CRUCIAL MOM5T1 & ) BUT FEW PEOPLE TRY+ TO HELP SAVE \R PEOPLE FROM ! CONSUM+ FLAME1 IT SEEMS TO ME A BREA* ( SOLID>ITY TO P\R ! ACID ( Y\R CRITICISM ON !IR BURN$ FLE%4 ,AS = MYSELF1 ,I CANNOT JO9 Y\ 9 ?IS4 ,I KN[ ! ,C,N,T-,F,A,I HAVE GONE F> AFIELD FROM !IR & \R IDEOLOGY4 ,BUT ?AT CANNOT MAKE ME =GET !IR GLORI\S REVOLUTION>Y TRADITIONS ( SEV5TY YE>S4 ,!IR GALLANT /RUGGLE--ALWAYS HAUNT$1 ALWAYS DRIV5 AT BAY1 ALWAYS 9 PRISON & EXILE4 ,?IS MAKES ME ?9K ?AT ! ,C,N,T-,F,A,I HAVE REMA9$ FUNDAM5TALLY ! SAME1 & ?AT ! TIME IS NOT F> (F :5 !Y WILL AGA9 PROVE !MSELVES ! SYMBOL1 ! 9SPIRATIONAL =CE1 ?AT ! ,SPANI% ,AN>*O-,SYNDICALI/S & ,AN>*I/S HAVE ALWAYS BE5 TO ! RE/ ( ! ,AN>*I/S 9 ! WORLD4 

,S9CE ,I HAVE BE5 PRIVILEG$ TO BE 9 ,SPA9 TWICE--NE> ! COMRADES1 NE> !IR SPL5DID CON/RUCTIVE LABOR-- S9CE ,I WAS ABLE TO SEE !IR SELFLESSNESS & DET]M9ATION TO BUILD A NEW LIFE ON !IR SOIL1 MY FAI? 9 \R COMRADES HAS DEEP5$ 9TO A FIRM CONVICTION ?AT1 :ATEV] !IR 9CONSI/5CIES1 !Y WILL RETURN TO FIR/ PR9CIPLES4 ,TE/$ BY ! FIRES ( ! ANTI-,FASCI/ W> & ! REVOLUTION1 ! ,C,N,T,F,A,I WILL EM]GE UNSCA!D4 ,!RE=E ,I AM ) !M1 REG>DLESS ( EV]Y?+4 ,A ?\S& TIMES W\LD ,I HAVE RA!R REMA9$ 9 ,SPA9 TO RISK MY LIFE 9 !IR /RUGGLE ?AN RETURN$ TO ! SO-CALL$ SAFETY 9 ,5GL&4 ,BUT S9CE ?AT C\LD NOT BE1 ,I MEAN TO /RA9 EV]Y MUSCLE & EV]Y N]VE TO MAKE KN[N1 9 AS F> AS MY P5 & VOICE CAN REA*1 ! GREAT MORAL & ORGANIZATIONAL =CE ( ! ,C,N,T-,F,A,I & ! VEL\R & H]OISM ( \R ,SPANI% COMRADES4 

,FROM3 ,EMMA ,GOLDMAN ,PAP]S1 ,MANUSCRIPTS & ,>*IVES ,DIVISION1 ,! ,NEW ,YORK ,PUBLIC ,LIBR>Y1 ,A/OR1 ,L5OX & ,TILD5 ,F\NDATIONS 

,FROM 3 ,AN>*Y ,>*IVES4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,JANU>Y #b#e1 #bag 3 ,ADDRESS TO ! ,9T]NATIONAL ,WORK+ ,M5'S ,ASSOCIATION ,CONGRESS -- ,ADD$4 
,JANU>Y #f1 #bbb 3 ,ADDRESS TO ! ,9T]NATIONAL ,WORK+ ,M5'S ,ASSOCIATION ,CONGRESS -- ,UPDAT$4 

 FILE G5]AT$ FROM 3  
HTTP3_/_/REVOLTLIB4COM_/