,BOOK #d1 ,*APT] #aa 
,( ,GOOD & ,EVIL 

#agicagic 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,WILLIAM ,GODW9 

,TEXT 3 

,DEF9ITIONS4 -- ,PR9CIPLE ( ! ,/OICS EXAM9$4 -- ,PLEASURE DEL9EAT$4 -- ,SCALE ( HAPP9ESS -- ! PEASANT & >TISAN -- ! MAN ( WEAL? -- ! MAN ( TA/E -- ! MAN ( B5EVOL5CE4 -- ,9F]5CE4 -- ,SY/EM ( OPTIMISM4 -- ,]RORS ( ?IS SY/EM4 -- ,MIXTURE ( TRU?4 -- ,LIMITATIONS4 -- ,CONDITION ( ! UNIV]SE DISPLAY$4 -- ,ILL EFFECTS ( OPTIMISM4 -- ,IT IS DE/RUCTIVE ( ANY CONSI/5T !ORY ( VIRTUE -- BLUNTS ! DELICACY ( MORAL DISCRIM9ATION -- RECONCILES US TO ! SPECTACLE ( P]V]S5ESS 9 O!RS4 -- ,( P]SECUTION4 

,!RE IS NO DISQUISITION MORE ESS5TIAL EI!R 9 MORALITY OR POLITICS ?AN ?AT :I* %ALL T5D TO GIVE US CLE> & DI/9CT IDEAS ( GOOD & EVIL1 :AT IT IS WE %\LD DESIRE1 & :AT WE %\LD DEPRECATE4 ,WE WILL !RE=E CLOSE ! PRES5T VOLUME ) A FEW CONSID]ATIONS UPON ?IS HEAD4 

,! NATURE ( GOOD & EVIL1 :I* IS ONE ( ! PLA9E/ SUBJECTS UPON :I* ! HUMAN M9D CAN BE 5GAG$1 HAS BE5 OBSCUR$ BY TWO SETS ( M53 ?OSE :O1 FROM AN EAG]NESS TO REF9E & EXALT BEYOND MEASURE ! NATURE ( VIRTUE1 HAVE ELEVAT$ IT 9TO SOME?+ IMPOSSIBLE & UNMEAN+3 & ?OSE :O1 SPURN+ ! N>R[ LIMITS SCI5CE & HUMAN UND]/&+1 HAVE TURN$ SY/EM-BUILD]S1 & FABRICAT$ A UNIV]SE AFT] !IR [N PECULI> FANCY4 ,WE %ALL SEE1 AS WE PROCE$1 :AT HAS BE5 ! OP]ATION ( 

!SE TWO ]RORS4 ,9 ! MEAN TIME IT MAY BE MO/ SAFE1 TO EXAM9E ! SUBJECT 9 ITS G5U9E SIMPLICITY1 UN9FLU5C$ BY ! PRECONCEPTIONS ( P>TY4 

,GOOD IS A G5]AL NAME1 9CLUD+ PLEASURE1 & ! MEANS BY :I* PLEASURE IS PROCUR$4 ,EVIL IS A G5]AL NAME1 9CLUD+ PA91 & ! MEANS BY :I* PA9 IS PRODUC$4 ,( ! TWO ?+S 9CLUD$ 9 !SE G5]AL NAMES1 ! FIR/ IS C>D9AL & SUB/ANTIVE1 ! SECOND HAS NO 9TR9SIC RECOMM5DATIONS BUT DEP5DS = ITS VALUE ON ! O!R4 ,PLEASURE !RE=E IS TO BE T]M$ AN ABSOLUTE GOOD2 ! MEANS ( PLEASURE >E ONLY RELATIVELY GOOD4 ,! SAME OBS]VATION MAY BE /AT$ ( PA9#a4 

,WE 9HABIT A WORLD :]E S5SATIONS DO NOT COME DETA*$1 BUT :]E EV]Y?+ IS L9K$ & CONNECT$ TOGE!R4 ,( CONSEQU5CE1 AMONG ?+S ABSOLUTELY GOOD !RE MAY BE TWO CLASSES4 ,!RE >E SOME ?+S ?AT >E GOOD & ONLY GOOD1 PLEASURES ?AT DO NOT DRAW AFT] !M MIS*IEF1 ANGUI% &  REMORSE4 ,!RE MAY BE O!R PLEASURES ?AT >E ATT5D$ 9 ! SEQUEL ) AN OV]BALANCE ( PA91 & :I*1 ?\< ABSOLUTELY GOOD1 >E RELATIVELY EVIL4 ,!RE MAY ALSO BE PA9S :I*1 TAK5 TOGE!R ) !IR CONSEQU5CES1 >E SALUT>Y4 ,BUT ?IS  DOES NOT ALT] ! ORIG9AL PROPOSITION3 :]E !RE IS A MIXTURE  ( EVIL1 ALL IS NOT GOOD2 JU/ AS1 :]E !RE IS A MIXTURE ( PA91  ALL IS NOT PLEASURE4 

,LET US SEE H[ ?IS /ATEM5T AFFECTS ! !ORY & PRACTICE ( VIRTUE4 

,FIR/1 WE >E H]EBY 5ABL$ TO DETECT !IR MI/AKE1 :O D5I$ ?AT 0PLEASURE WAS ! SUPREME GOOD40 ,! ]ROR ( ! ,EPICUREAN PHILOSOPH]S SEEMS TO HAVE BE51 NOT 9 AFFIRM+ ?AT 0PLEASURE WAS ! SUPREME GOOD10 = ?IS CANNOT BE REFUT$2 BUT 9 CONF9+ ?AT PLEASURE :I* IS ! PROP] SCOPE ( HUMAN ACTIONS1 TO ! PLEASURE ( ! 9DIVIDUAL :O ACTS1 & NOT ADMITT+ ?AT ! PLEASURES ( O!RS WAS AN OBJECT :I*1 ( ITS [N SAKE1 C\LD1 & \<T TO BE PURSU$#b4 

,?AT 0PLEASURE IS ! SUPREME GOOD10 CANNOT BE D5I$ BY HIM :O IS SUFFICI5TLY ATT5TIVE TO ! MEAN+ ( WORDS4 ,?AT :I* WILL GIVE PLEASURE NEI!R TO \RSELVES NOR O!RS1 & FROM :I* ! FRUITS ( JOY CAN BE REAP$1 9 NO /AGE1 & AT NO P]IOD1 IS NECESS>ILY GOOD = NO?+4 

,! OPPOS]S ( ! ,EPICUREAN MAXIM1 W]E T]RIFI$ BY A CONSEQU5CE :I* !Y HA/ILY CONCLU$ MI<T BE BUILT UPON IT4 ,IF PLEASURE W]E ! ONLY ?+ ?AT IS WOR?Y TO BE DESIR$1 !Y ?\<T ?AT EV]Y MAN MI<T REASONABLY BE JU/IFI$ 9 0WALK+ 9 ! FI<T ( HIS [N EYES10 & !RE W\LD BE NO LONG] ANY RULE ( HUMAN CONDUCT4 ,EA* MAN MI<T SAY1 0,PLEASURE IS ! PROP] OBJECT ( MY PURSUIT2 ,I BE/ KN[ :AT PLEASES ME2 & !RE=E1 H[EV] OPPOSITE IS ! PLAN ( MY CONDUCT TO Y\R CONCEPTIONS1 IT IS UNREASONABLE & UNJU/ = Y\ TO 9T]F]E ) ME40 

,AN 9F]5CE ! OPPSOITE ( ?IS1 MI<T1 ) MORE PROPRIETY1 HAVE BE5 DRAWN FROM ! MAXIM UPON :I* WE >E DESCANT+4 ,IS 0PLEASURE ! ONLY GOOD80 ,!N HAVE WE ! MO/ COG5T REASON = /UDY+ PLEASURE1 & R$UC+ IT TO A SCI5CE1 & NOT = LEAV+ EV]Y MAN TO PURSUE HIS [N P>TICUL> TA/E1 :I* IS NO?+ MORE ?AN ! RESULT ( HIS $UCATION1 & ( ! CIRCUM/ANCES 9 :I* HE HAPP5S TO HAVE BE5 PLAC$1 & :I* BY O!R LESSONS & CIRCUM/ANCES MAY BE CORRECT$4 

,NO MAN IS 5TITL$ TO COMPLA9 ( MY SOB] & DISPASSIONATE EXPO/ULATIONS RESPECT+ ! SPECIES ( PLEASURE 

HE ?9KS PROP] TO PURSUE1 BECAUSE NO MAN /&S ALONE1 & CAN PURSUE HIS PRIVATE CONCEPTIONS ( PLEASURE1 )\T AFFECT+1 B5EFICIALLY OR 9JURI\SLY1 ! P]SONS IMM$IATELY CONNECT$ ) HIM1 &1 ?R\< !M1 ! RE/ ( ! WORLD4 ,EV5 IF HE HAVE P]SUAD$ HIMSELF ?AT IT IS HIS BUS9ESS TO PURSUE HIS [N PLEASURE1 & ?AT HE IS NOT B\ND TO ATT5D ULTIMATELY TO ! PLEASURE ( O!RS1 YET IT MAY EASILY BE %[N ?AT IT IS1 G5]ALLY SPEAK+1 ! 9T]E/ ( EA* 9DIVIDUAL1 ?AT ALL %\LD =M !IR PLAN ( P]SONAL PLEASURE ) A SPIRIT ( DEF]5CE & ACCOMMODATION TO ! PLEASURE ( EA* O!R4 

,BUT PUTT+ ! CIRCUM/ANCE ( ! ACTION & RE-ACTION ( M5 9 SOCIETY \T ( ! QUE/ION1 /ILL !RE WILL BE A SCI5CE ( PLEASURE1 & IT WILL BE IDLE & ]RONE\S TO CONSID] EA* MAN SEP>ATELY1 & LEAVE EA* TO F9D HIS S\RCE ( PLEASURE SUITABLE TO HIS P>TICUL> HUMOR4 ,WE HAVE A COMMON NATURE1 & ?AT COMMON NATURE \T TO BE CONSULT$4 ,!RE IS ONE ?+1 OR S]IES ( ?+S1 ?AT CON/ITUTES ! TRUE P]FECTION ( MAN#c4 

,9 ! DISCUSSIONS ?AT TOOK PLACE A FEW YE>S AGO1 9 ! ,5GLI% P>LIAM5T & NATION1 RESPECT+ ! SLAVE-TRADE1 ! S5TIM5T WE >E H]E COMBAT+1 WAS US$ AS A TOPIC ( >GUM5T1 BY SOME ( ?OSE P]SONS :O1 FROM C]TA9 DEPLORABLE PREJUDICES1 W]E ABLE TO PREVAIL UPON !MSELVES TO APPE> AS ADVOCATES = ?IS TRADE4 0,! SLAVES 9 ! ,WE/ ,9DIES10 !Y SAID1 0>E CONT5T$ ) !IR SITUTATION1 !Y >E NOT CONSCI\S ( ! EVILS AGA9/ :I* Y\ EXCLIAM2 :Y !N %\LD Y\ 5DEAVOR TO ALT] !IR CONDITION80 

,! TRUE ANSW] TO ?IS QUE/ION1 EV5 GRANT+ !M !IR FACT1 W\LD BE3 0,IT IS NOT V]Y MAT]IAL TO A MAN ( A LIB]AL & 5L>G$ M9D1 :E!R !Y >E CONT5T$ OR NO4 ,>E !Y CONT5T$8 ,I AM NOT CONT5T$ = !M4 ,I SEE 9 !M BE+S ( C]TA9 CAPACITIES1 EQUAL TO C]TA9 PURSUITS & 5JOYM5TS4 ,IT IS ( NO CONSEQU5CE 9 ! QUE/ION1 ?AT !Y DO NOT SEE ?IS1 ?AT !Y DO NOT KN[ !IR [N 9T]E/S & HAPP9ESS4 

,!Y DO NOT REP9E8 ,NETIH] DOES A /ONE REP9E4 ,?AT :I* Y\ M5TION AS AN ALLEVIATION1 F9I%ES 9 MY CONCEPTION ! PORTRAIT ( !IR CALAMITY4 ,ABRIDG$ AS !Y >E ( 9DEP5D5CE & 5JOYM5T1 !Y HAVE NEI!R ! APPREH5SION NOR SPIRIT ( M54 ,I CANNOT BE> TO SEE HUMAN NATURE ?US DEGRAD$4 ,IT IS MY DUTY1 IF ,I CAN1 TO MAKE !M A ?\S& TIMES HAPPI]1 ?AN !Y >E1 OR HAVE ANY CONCEPTION ( BE+40 

,IT IS NOT DIFFICULT TO =M A SCALE ( HAPP9ESS4 ,SUPPOSE IT TO BE SOME?+ LIKE ! FOLL[+4 

,! FIR/ CLASS %ALL BE SU* AS WE MAY P]HAPS SOMETIMES F9D1 AMONG ! LABOR+ 9HABITANTS ( ! CIVILIZ$ /ATES ( ,EUROPE4 ,WE WILL CONCEIVE A MAN1 WORK+ ) HIS H&S EV]Y DAY TO OBTA9 HIS SUBSI/5CE4 ,HE RISES E>LY TO HIS LABOR1 & LEAVES (F EV]Y NI<T WE>Y & EXHAU/$4 ,HE TAKES A TRANQUIL OR A BOI/]\S REFRE%M5T1 & SP5DS ! H\RS ( D>KNESS 9 UN9T]RUPT$ SLUMB]4 ,HE DOES NOT QU>REL ) HIS WIFE (T5] ?AN P]SONS ( HIS CLASS REGUL>LY DO2 & HIS C>ES >E FEW1 AS HE HAS SC>CELY KN[N ! PRESSURE ( ABSOLUTE WANT4 ,HE NEV] REP9ES BUT :5 HE WITNESSES LUXURIES HE CANNOT P>TAKE1 & ?AT S5SATION IS TRANSI5T2 & HE KN[S NO DISEASES BUT ?OSE :I* RISE FROM P]PETUAL LABOR4 ,! RANGE ( HIS IDEAS IS SCANTY2 & ! G5]AL TRA9 ( HIS S5SATIONS1 COMES AS NE>1 AS ! NATURE ( HUMAN EXI/5CE WILL ADMIT1 TO ! REGION ( 9DIFF]5CE4 ,?IS MAN IS 9 A C]TA9 S5SE HAPPY4 ,HE IS HAPPI] ?AN A /ONE4 

,\R NEXT 9/ANCE %ALL BE TAK5 FROM AMONG ! M5 ( RANK1 =TUNE & DISSIPATION4 ,WE WILL SUPPOSE ! 9DIVIDUAL 9 QUE/ION TO HAVE AN ADVANTAGE\S P]SON & A S\ND CON/ITUTION4 ,HE 5JOYS ALL ! LUXURIES ( ! PALATE1 ! *OICE/ VI&S1 & ! BE/-FLAVOR$ W9ES4 ,HE TAKES HIS PLEASURES DISCREETLY1 SO AS NOT1 9 ! PURSUIT ( PLEASURE1 TO LOSE ! P[] ( FEEL+ IT4 ,HE %OOTS1 HE HUNTS4 ,HE FREQU5TS ALL PUBLIC PLACES4 ,HE SITS UP LATE 9 SC5ES ( GAY RESORT4 ,HE RISES LATE4 ,HE HAS JU/ TIME TO RIDE & DRESS BE=E HE GOES 9TO COMPANY AGA94 ,) 

A HAPPY FL[ ( SPIRITS & A P]PETUAL V>IETY ( AMUSEM5TS1 HE IS ALMO/ A /RANG] TO 5NUI4 ,BUT HE IS A MODEL ( IGNORANCE4 ,HE NEV] READS1 & KN[S NO?+ BEYOND ! TOPIC ( ! DAY4 ,HE CAN SC>CELY CONCEIVE ! MEAN+ ( ! SUBLIME OR PA!TIC2 & HE R>ELY ?9KS ( ANY ?+ BEYOND HIMSELF4 ,?IS MAN IS HAPPI] ?AN ! PEASANT4 ,HE IS HAPPI]1 BY ALL ! PLEASURES ( ! PALATE1 & ALL ! GRATIFICATIONS1 ( NEATNESS1 ELEGANCE & SPL5DOR1 9 HIMNSELF1 & ! OBJECTS >\ND HIM4 ,EV]Y DAY HE IS ALIVE1 9V5T+ SOME NEW AMUSEM5T1 OR 5JOY+ IT4 ,HE TA/ES ! PLEASURES ( LIB]TY2 HE IS FAMILI> ) ! GRATIFICATIONS ( PRIDE3 :ILE ! PEASANT SLIDES ?R\< LIFE1 ) SOME?+ ( ! CONTEMPTIBLE 9S5SIBILITY ( AN OY/]4 

,! MAN ( TA/E & LIB]AL ACCOMPLI%M5TS1 IS MORE ADVANTAGE\SLY CIRCUM/ANC$ ?AN HE :OM WE HAVE LA/ DESCRIB$4 ,WE WILL SUPPOSE HIM TO POSSESS AS MANY ( ! GRATIFICATIONS ( EXP5SE AS HE DESIRES4 ,BUT1 9 ADDITION TO !SE1 LIKE ! M]E MAN ( =TUNE 9 COMP>ISON ) ! PEASANT1 HE ACQUIRES NEW S5SES1 & A NEW RANGE ( 5JOYM5T4 ,! BEAUTIES ( NATURE >E ALL HIS [N4 ,HE ADMIRES ! OV]HANG+ CLIFF1 ! WIDE-EXT5D$ PROSPECT1 ! VA/ EXPANSE ( ! OCEAN1 ! FOLIAGE ( ! WOODS1 ! SLOP+ LAWN & ! WAV+ GRASS4 ,HE KN[S ! PLEASURES ( SOLITUDE1 :5 MAN HOLDS COMM]CE ALONE ) ! TRANQUIL SOLEMNITY ( NATURE4 ,HE HAS TRAC$ ! /RUCTURE ( ! UNIV]SE2 ! SUB/ANCES :I* COMPOSE ! GLOBE WE 9HABIT1 & >E ! MAT]IALS ( HUMAN 9DU/RY2 & ! LAWS :I* HOLD ! PLANETS 9 !IR C\RSE AMID ! TRACKLESS FIELDS ( SPACE4 ,HE /UDIES2 & HAS EXP]I5C$ ! PLEASURES :I* RESULT FROM CONSCI\S P]SPICACITY & DISCOV]$ TRU?4 ,HE 5T]S1 ) A TRUE RELI%1 9TO ! SUBLIME & PA!TIC4 ,HE P>TAKES 9 ALL ! GR&EUR & 5?USIASM ( POETRY4 ,HE IS P]HAPS HIMSELF A POET4 ,HE IS CONSCI\S ?AT HE HAS NOT LIV$ 9 VA91 & ?AT HE %ALL BE RECOLLECT$ ) PLEASURE1 & EXTOLL$ ) >DOR1 BY G5]ATIONS YET UNBORN4 ,9 ?IS P]SON1 COMP>$ ) ! TWO PREC$+ CLASSES1 WE 

ACKN[L$GE SOME?+ ( ! FEATURES ( MAN4 ,!Y W]E ONLY A BETT] SORT ( BRUTES2 BUT HE HAS S5SATIONS & TRANSPORTS ( :I* !Y HAVE NO CONCEPTION4 

,BUT !RE IS A RANK ( MAN MORE FITT$ TO EXCITE \R EMULATION ?AN ?IS1 ! MAN ( B5EVOL5CE4 ,/UDY IS COLD1 IF IT BE NOT 5LIV5$ ) ! IDEA ( ! HAPP9ESS TO >ISE TO MANK9D FROM ! CULTIVATION & IMPROVEM5T ( SCI5CES#d4 ,! SUBLIME & PA!TIC >E B>R51 UNLESS IT BE ! SUBLIME ( TRUE VIRTUE1 & ! PA?OS ( TRUE SYMPA?Y4 ,! PLEASURES ( ! M]E MAN ( TA/E & REF9EM5T1 0PLAY R\ND ! HEAD1 BUT COME NOT TO ! HE>T40 ,!RE IS NO TRUE JOY BUT 9 ! SPECTACLE & CONTEMPLATION ( HAPP9ESS4 ,!RE IS NO DELI<TFUL MELAN*OLY BUT 9 PITY+ DI/RESS4 ,! MAN :O HAS ONCE P]=M$ AN ACT ( EXALT$ G5]OSITY1 KN[S ?AT !RE IS NO S5SATION ( CORPOREAL OR 9TELLECTUAL TA/E TO BE COMP>$ ) ?IS4 ,! MAN :O HAS S\<T TO B5EFIT NATIONS1 RISES ABOVE ! ME*ANICAL IDEAS ( B>T] & EX*ANGE4 ,HE ASKS NO GRATITUDE4 ,TO SEE ?AT !Y >E B5EFIT$1 OR TO BELIEVE ?AT !Y WILL BE SO1 IS ITS [N REW>D4 ,HE ASC5DS TO ! HI<E/ ( HUMAN PLEASURES1 ! PLEASURES ( DIS9T]E/$NESS4 ,HE 5JOYS ALL ! GOOD ?AT MANK9D POSSESS1 & ALL ! GOOD ?AT HE P]CEIVES TO BE 9 RES]VE = !M4 ,NO MAN SO TRULY PROMOTES HIS [N 9T]E/ AS HE ?AT =GETS IT4 ,NO MAN REAPS SO COPI\S A H>VE/ ( PLEASURE AS HE :O ?9KS ONLY ( ! PLEASURES ( O!R M54 

,! 9F]5CE FROM ?IS SURVEY ( HUMAN LIFE1 IS1 ?AT HE :O IS FULLY P]SUAD$ ?AT PLEASURE IS ! ONLY GOOD1 \<T BY NO MEANS TO LEAVE EV]Y MAN TO 5JOY HIS PECULI> PLEASURE ACCORD+ TO HIS [N PECULI> HUMOR4 ,SEE+ ! GREAT DISP>ITY !RE IS BETWE5 DIFF]5T CONDITIONS ( HUMAN LIFE1 HE \<T CON/ANTLY TO 5DEAVOR TO RAISE EA* CLASS1 & EV]Y 9DIVIDUAL ( EA* CLASS1 TO A CLASS ABOVE IT4 ,?IS IS ! TRUE EQUALIZATION ( MANK9D4 ,NOT TO PULL D[N ?OSE :O >E EXALT$1 & R$UCE ALL TO A NAK$ & SAVAGE EQUALITY4 ,BUT TO  
RAISE 

?OSE :O >E ABAS$2 TO COMMUNICATE TO EV]Y MAN ALL G5U9E PLEASURES1 TO ELEVATE EV]Y MAN TO ALL TRUE WISDOM & TO MAKE ALL M5 P>TICIPATORS ( A LIB]AL & COMPREH5SIVE B5EVOL5CE4 ,?IS IS ! PA? 9 :I* ! RE=M]S ( MANK9D \<T TO TRAVEL4 ,?IS IS !  
PRIZE !Y %\LD PURSUE4 ,DO Y\ TELL ME1 0?AT HUMAN SOCIETY CAN NEV] >RIVE AT ?IS IMPROVEM5T80 ,I DO NOT /AY TO DISPUTE ?AT PO9T ) Y\4 ,WE CAN COME NE>] IT ?AN WE >E4 ,WE CAN COME NE>] & NE>] YET4 ,?IS WILL NOT BE ! FIR/ TIME ?AT P]SONS1 5GAG$ 9 ! 9DEFATIGABLE PURSUIT ( SOME ACCOMPLI%M5T1 HAVE >RIV$ AT AN EXCELL5CE ?AT SURPASS$ !IR MO/ SANGU9E EXPECTATIONS4 

,! RESULT ( ?IS P>T ( ! SUBJECT IS1 ?AT ?OSE P]SONS HAVE BE5 GROSSLY MI/AK5 :O TAU<T ?AT VIRTUE WAS TO BE PURSU$ = ITS [N SAKE1 & REPRES5T$ PLEASURE & PA9 AS TRIVIAL MATT]S & UNWOR?Y CONSID]ATION4 ,VIRTUE IS UPON NO O!R ACC\NT VALUABLE1 ?AN AS IT IS ! 9/RUM5T ( ! MO/ EXQUISITE PLEASURE4 -- ,BE IT OBS]V$1 ?AT IT IS ONE ?+ TO SAY ?AT PA9 IS NOT AN EVIL1 :I* IS ABSURD1 & ANO!R ?+ TO SAY ?AT TEMPOR>Y PA9S & PLEASURES >E TO BE DESPIS$1 :5 ! 5DUR+ ( ! ONE IS NECESS>Y1 & ! DECL9+  
! O!R UNAVOIDABLE 9 ! PURSUIT ( EXCELL5T & P]MAN5T PLEASURE1 :I* IS A MO/ FUNDAM5TAL PRECEPT ( WISDOM & MORALITY4 

,LET US PROCE$ TO A SECOND PO9T ANN\NC$ BY US 9 ! \TSET1 ! CONSID]ATION ( H[ ! SUBJECT ( GOOD & EVIL HAS BE5 D>K5$ BY C]TA9 FABULI/S & SY/EM-BUILD]S4 ,! SY/EM ALLUD$ TO UND] ?IS HEAD1 IS ?AT ( ! OPTIMI/S1 :O TEA* 0?AT EV]Y?+ 9 ! UNIV]SE1 IS = ! BE/2 & ?AT1 IF ANY?+ HAD HAPP5$ O!RWISE ?AN IT HAS HAPP5$1 ! RESULT W\LD HAVE BE51 A DIM9UTION ( ! DEGREE ( HAPP9ESS & GOOD40 

,?AT WE MAY ESCAPE ! ]ROR 9TO :I* !SE P]SONS HAVE BE5 L$1 BY ! D>+NESS ( !IR G5IUS1 & !IR MODE ( E/IMAT+ ?+S 9 ! GROSS1 & NOT 9 DETAIL1 

WE MU/ BE CONT5T$ TO FOLL[ EXP]I5CE1 & NOT TO \TRUN IT4 

,IT HAS ALREADY APPE>$ ?AT !RE IS 9 ! UNIV]SE ABSOLUTE EVIL3 &1 IF PA9 BE EVIL 7& IT HAS BE5 PROV$ TO BE ! ONLY ABSOLUTE EVIL71 IT CANNOT BE D5I$ ?AT1 9 ! P>T ( ! UNIV]SE ) :I* WE >E ACQUIANT$1 IT EXI/S 9 CONSID]ABLE PR(USION4 ,IT HAS ALSO APPE>$1 ?AT !RE IS A PORTION ( ABSOLUTE EVIL1 :I* IS RELATIVELY GOOD1 & :I* !RE=E1 ! PREC$+ CIRCUM/ANCES BE+ ASSUM$1 WAS DESIRABLE4 ,SU*1 = EXAMPLE1 IS ! AMPUTATION ( A GANGR5$ LIMB4 

,:E!R OR NO ?OSE PREC$+ CIRCUM/ANCES W]E1 UNIV]SALLY1 & 9 A COMPREH5SIVE S5SE1 GOOD1 :I* R5D]$ ! 9TRODUCTION ( ! ABSOLUTE EVIL 9 QUE/ION NECESS>Y1 IS1 TO SAY ! LEA/1 A V]Y D\BTFUL PO9T4 ,BUT1 IF !RE BE SOME PRESUMPTION 9 ! NEGATIVE EV5 9 ! SMALLE/ 9/ANCE1 ?IS PRESUPTION AGA9/ UNIV]SAL GOOD IS 9CALCULABLY 9CREAS$1 :5 WE RECOLLECT ALL ! VISE1 DISORD] & MIS]Y1 ?AT EXI/ 9 ! WORLD4 

,LET US CONSID] :AT PORTION !RE IS ( TRU?1 ?AT HAS BE5 MIX$ ) ! DOCTR9E ( OPTIMISM4 ,?IS IS ! SAME ?+ AS TO 9QUIRE BY MEANS ( :AT PLAUSIBILITIES IT GA9$ FOOT+ 9 ! WORLD4 ,! ANSW] TO ! SEQUE/IONS IES 9 TWO CIRCUM/ANCES4 

,FIR/1 !RE IS A DEGREE ( IMPROVEM5T REAL & VISIBLE 9 ! WORLD4 ,?IS IS P>TICUL>LY MANIFE/1 9 ! HI/ORY ( ! CIVILIZ$ P>T ( MANK9D1 DUR+ ! ?REE LA/ C5TURIES4 ,! TAK+ ( ,CON/ANT9OPLE BY ! ,TURKS 7#a#d#e#c7 DISP]S$ AMONG ,EUROPEAN NATIONS1 ! SMALL FRAGM5T ( LE>N+1 :I* WAS1 AT ?AT TIME1 %UT UP )9 ! WALLS ( ?IS METROPOLIS4 ,! DISCOV]Y ( PR9T+ WAS NE>LY CONTEMPOR>Y ) ?AT EV5T4 ,!SE TWO CIRCUM/ANCES GREATLY FAVOR$ ! RE=MATION ( RELIGION1 :I* GAVE AN IRRECOV]ABLE %OCK TO ! EMPIRE ( SUP]/ITION & IMPLICIT OB$I5CE4 ,FROM ?AT TIME1 ! MO/ SUP]FICIAL OBS]VATION CAN TRACE ! IMPROVEM5TS ( >T & SCI5CE1 :I* MAY1 )\T GL>+ IMPROPRIETY1 BE /YL$ 9CESSANT4 ,NOT TO M5TION ESS5TIAL 

IMPROVEM5TS :I* W]E :OLLY UNKN[N TO ! ANCI5TS1 ! MO/ IMPORTANT *>ACT]I/ICS ( MOD]N LIT]ATURE1 >E ! EXT5T ( SURFACE OV] :I* IT IS DIFFUS$1 & ! NUMB] ( P]SONS ?AT P>TICIPATE 9 IT4 ,IT HAS /RUCK ITS ROOTS DEEP1 & !RE IS NO PROBABILITY ?AT IT WILL EV] BE SUBV]T$4 ,IT WAS ONCE ! PRACTICE ( MORALI/S1 TO EXTOLL PA/ TIMES1 & DECLAIM )\T B\ND ON ! DEG5]ACY ( MANK9D4 ,BUT ?IS FA%ION IS NE>LY EXPLOD$4 ,! TRUE /ATE ( ! FACT IS TOO GROSS TO BE MI/AK54 ,&1 AS IMPROVEM5TS HAVE LONG CONT9U$ TO BE 9CESSANT1 SO !RE IS NO *ANCE BUT !Y WILL GO ON4 ,! MO/ P5ETRAT+ PHILOSOPHY CANNOT PRESCRIBE LIMITS TO !M1 NOR ! MO/ >D5T IMAG9ATION ADEQUATELY FILL UP ! PROSPECT4 

,SECONDLY1 ! DOCTR9E ( NECESSITY TEA*ES US ?AT ALL ?+S 9 ! UNIV]SE >E CONNECT$ TOGE!R4 ,NO?+ C\LD HAVE HAPP5$ O!RWISE ?AN IT HAS HAPP5$4 ,DO WE CONGRATULATE \RSELVES UPON ! RIS+ G5IUS ( FRE$OM8 ,DO WE VIEW ) PRIDE ! IMPROVEM5TS ( MANK9D1 & CONTRA/1 ) WOND]1 MAN 9 ! /ATE 9 :I* HE ONCE WAS1 NAK$1 IGNORANT & BRUTAL1 ) MAN AS WE N[ SOMETIMES BEHOLD HIM1 5RI*$ ) B\NDLESS /ORES ( SCI5CE1 & P5ETRAT$ ) S5TIM5TS ( ! PURE/ PHILAN?ROPY8 ,!SE ?+S C\LD NOT HAVE EXI/$ 9 !IR PRES5T =M1 )\T HAV+ BE5 PREP>$ BY ALL ! PREC$+ EV5TS4 ,EV]Y?+ ! MO/ SEEM+LY 9SIGNIFICANT1 ! MO/ LOA?SOME1 OR ! MO/ RETROGRADE1 WAS 9DISSOLUBLY B\ND TO ALL ?AT WE MO/ ADMIRE 9 ! PROSPECT BE=E US4 ,WE MAY P]HAPS GO A /EP FUR!R ?AN ?IS4 ,! HUMAN M9D IS A PR9CIPLE ( ! SIMPLE/ NATURE1 A M]E FACULTY ( S5SATION OR P]CEPTION4 ,IT MU/ HAVE BEGUN FROM ABSOLUTE IGNORANCE2 IT MU/ OBTA9 ITS IMPROVEM5T BY SL[ DEGREES2 IT MU/ PASS ?R\< V>I\S /AGES ( FOLLY & MI/AKE4 ,SU* IS1 & C\LD NOT BUT BE1 ! HI/ORY ( MANK9D4 

,!RE >E ?REE CONSID]ATIONS :I* LIMIT ?AT IDEA ( OPTIMISM1 :I* SOME M5 HAVE BE5 9CL9$ TO D$UCE FROM ! ABOVE CIRCUM/ANCES4 

,FIR/1 IT APPLIES ONLY TO ?AT P>T ( ! UNIV]SE ) :I* WE >E ACQUA9T$4 ,?AT D$UCTION1 :ATEV] IT IS1 :I* IS AU?ORIZ$ BY ! ABOVE CIRCUM/ANCES1 DEP5DS UPON !IR JUNCTION4 ,! G5]AL T5D5CY TO IMPROVEM5T1 W\LD BE AN 9SUFFICI5T APOLOGY = UNT[>D EV5TS1 IF EV]Y ?+ W]E NOT CONNECT$2 & ! CONNECTION ( ALL EV5TS1 W\LD HAVE NO JU/ T5D5CY TO RECONCILE US TO ! SC5E1 W]E IT NOT = ! VISIBLE IMPROVEM5T4 ,BUT HAS IMPROVEM5T BE5 ! CON/ANT *>ACT]I/IC ( ! UNIV]SE8 ,! HUMAN SPEICES SEEMS TO BE BUT1 AS IT W]E1 ( YE/]DAY4 ,WILL IT CONT9UE = EV]8 ,! GLOBE WE 9HABIT BE>S /RONG M>KS ( CONVULSION1 SU* AS ! TEA*]S ( RELIGION1 & ! PR(ESSORS ( NATURAL PHILOSOPHY1 AGREE TO PR$ICT1 WILL ONE DAY DE/ROY ! 9HABITANTS ( ! E>?4 ,VICISSITUDE !RE=E1 RA!R ?AN UNB\ND$ PROGRESS1 APPE>S TO BE ! *>TACT]I/IC ( NATURE4 

,SECONDLY1 ! QUANTITY ( GOOD D$UCIBLE FROM !SE CIRCUM/ANCES1 9/EAD ( M]IT+ ! NAME ( OPTIMISM1 IS1 ON ONE RESPECT1 DIRECTLY CON/A/$ ) IT4 ,NO?+ IS POSITIVELY BE/4 ,SO F> FROM IT1 ?AT ! CONSID]ATIONS H]E ALLEG$1 >E CALCULAT$ TO PROVE1 ?AT EV]Y ?+ IS VALUABLE1 = ?IS REASON AMONG O!RS1 ?AT IT LEADS TO SOME?+ BETT] ?AN ITSELF4 

,LA/LY1 ! PO9TS H]E AFFIRM$1 >E BY NO MEANS CALCULAT$ TO BE> \T ! CONCLUSION1 ?AT1 IF SOME?+ ELSE HAD HAPP5$1 9 ! PLACE ( :AT DID ACTUALLY HAPP5 9 ANY GIV5 9/ANCE1 IT MI<T NOT HAVE BE5 A =TNATE EV5T4 ,WE >E TAU<T1 BY ! DOCTR9E ( NECESSITY1 ?AT NO?+ ELSE C\LD POSSIBLY HAPP5 UND] ! CIRCUM/ANCES2 NOT ?AT1 IF SOME?+ ELSE HAD BE5 POSSIBLE1 IT W\LD NOT HAVE BE5 ATT5D$ ) MORE DESIRABLE CONSEQU5CES4 ,CAES> 5SLAV$ HIS C\NTRY2 ! EV5T WAS UNAVOIDABLE2 & ! G5]AL PROGRESS ( HUMAN IMPROVEM5T UPON ! :OLE W5T ON1 NOT)/&+ ?IS DISA/R\S OCCURR5CE4 ,BUT1 IF IT HAD BE5 POSSIBLE ?AT ,CAES> %\LD HAVE BE5 DIV]T$ FROM ?IS DETE/ABLE 5T]PRISE1 IF ! REPUBLIC C\LD HAVE BE5 RE/OR$ BY ! 

BATTLE ( ,MUT9A1 OR MADE VICTORI\S 9 ! PLA9S ( ,PHILIPPI1 IT MI<T HAVE BE5 A MO/ =TUNATE EV5T = ! :OLE RACE ( MANK9D4 ,!RE IS A DIFFICULTY 9 CONCEIV+ ?AT ?+S %\LD HAVE BE51 9 ANY RESPECT1 O!RWISE ?AN !Y >E4 ,IT MAY BE CONJECTUR$1 ) MU* PLAUSIBILITY1 ?AT ?IS IS 9 ALL CASES IMPOSSIBLE4 ,BUT ! CONSID]ATION ( ?IS1 AF=DS NO GR\ND ( REJOIC+ 9 UNT[>D EV5TS4 ,MORE AUSPICI\S H>B+]S1 W\LD HAVE L$ TO MORE EXT5D$ IMPROVEM5TS4 ,AS TO :AT WAS /AT$ ( ! SIMPLICITY ( ! HUMAN M9D1 IT MAY BE OBS]V$ ?AT ! HI/ORY ( ! SPECIES EXHIBITS ! UNIT$ EFFECTS1 ( ?IS 9T]NAL PR9CIPLE1 & ! /RUCTURE ( ! HUMAN BODY1 AS WELL AS ( ! MAT]IAL UNIV]SE4 ,BRUTES APPE> TO HAVE ! SAME 9T]NAL PR9CIPLE ( P]CEPTION ?AT WE HAVE1 BUT !Y HAVE NEV] MADE \R PROGRESS4 ,!RE MAY BE O!R CONSCI\S BE+S 9 EXI/5CE :O POSSESS ! MO/ ESS5TIAL ADVANTAGES OV] US4 

,IT MAY BE WOR?Y ( REM>K1 ?AT ! SUPPORT ! SY/EM ( OPTIMISM D]IVES FROM ! DOCTR9E ( NECESSITY1 IS ( A V]Y EQUIVOCAL NATURE4 ,! DOCTR9E ( NECESSITY TEA*ES1 ?AT EA* EV5T IS ! ONLY ?+1 UND] ! CIRCUM/ANCES1 ?AT C\LD HAPP52 IT W\LD1 ( CONSEQU5CE1 BE AS PROP]1 UPON ?IS SY/EM1 TO SAY ?AT EV]Y ?+ ?AT HAPP5S1 IS ! WOR/1 AS ?AT IT IS ! BE/1 ?AT C\LD POSSIBLY HAPP54 ,IT WAS OBS]V$ 9 ! COMM5CEM5T ( ?IS DISCUSSION UPON ! SUBJECT ( OPTIMISM1 ?AT1 ?\< !RE IS SOME PA91 OR ABSOLUTE EVIL1 :I*1 RELATIVELY TAK51 MU/ BE ADMITT$ TO BE ATT5D$ ) AN OV]BALANCE ( GOOD1 YET IT IS A MATT] ( GREAT DELICACY & DIFFICULTY1 9 MO/ 9/ANCES1 TO DECIDE 9 FAVOR ( PA91 :I*1 :ATEV] BE ITS RELATIVE VALUE1 IS C]TA9LY A NEGATIVE QUANTITY TO BE D$UCT$ 9 ! SUM TOTAL ( HAPP9ESS4 ,!RE IS P]HAPS SOME IMPROPRIETY 9 ! PHRASE1 ?US APPLI$1 ( RELATIVE GOOD4 ,PA91 UND] ! MO/ FAVORABLE CIRCUM/ANCES1 MU/ BE ADMITT$ TO BE ABSOLUTELY1 ?\< NOT RELATIVELY1 AN EVIL1 ,9 EV]Y 9/ANCE ( ?IS K9D WE >E R$UC$ TO A *OICE ( EVILS3 CONSEQU5TLY1 :I*V] WAY WE DET]M9E \R ELECTION1 IT IS /ILL EVIL ?AT WE *OOSE4 

,TAK+ !SE CONSID]ATIONS ALONG ) US1 ! RA%NESS ( ! OPTIMI/ WILL APPE> P>TICUL>LY GL>+1 :ILE WE RECOLLECT ! VA/ PORTION ( ! PA9 & CALAMITY ?AT IS TO BE F\ND 9 ! WORLD4 ,LET US NOT AMUSE \RSELVES ) A POMP\S & DELUSIVE SURVEY ( ! :OLE1 BUT LET US EXAM9E P>TS SEV]ALLY & 9DIVIDUALLY4 ,ALL NATURE SW>MS ) LIFE4 ,?IS MAY1 9 ONE VIEW1 AF=D AN IDEA ( AN EXT5SIVE !AT] ( PLEASURE4 ,BUT UN=TUNATELY EV]Y ANIMAL PREYS UPO9 HIS FELL[4 ,EV]Y ANIMAL1 H[EV] M9UTE1 HAS A CURI\S & SUBTLE /RUCTURE1 R5D]+ HIM SUSCEPTIBLE1 AS IT %\LD SEEM1 ( PI]C+ ANGUI%4 ,WE CANNOT MOVE \R FOOT1 )\T BECOM+ ! MEANS ( DE/RUCTION4 ,! W\NDS 9FLICT$ >E ( A HUNDR$ K9DS4 ,!SE PETTY ANIMALS >E CAPABLE ( PALPITAT+ = DAYS 9 ! AGONIES ( DEA?4 ,IT MAY BE SAID1 ) LITTLE LIC5SE ( PHRASEOLOGY1 ?AT ALL NATURE SUFF]S4 ,!RE IS NO DAY NOR H\R1 9 :I*1 9 SOME REGIONS ( ! MANY-PEOPL$ GLOBE1 ?\S&S ( M51 & MILLIONS ( ANIMALS1 >E NOT TORTUR$1 TO ! UTMO/ EXT5T ?AT ORGANIZ$ LIFE WILL AF=D4 ,LET US TURN \R ATT5TION TO \R [N SPECIES4 ,LET US SURVEY ! POOR2 OPPRESS$1 HUNGRY1 NAK$1 D5I$ ALL ! GRATIFICATIONS ( LIFE1 & ALL ?AT N\RI%ES ! M9D4 ,!Y >E EI!R TORM5T$ ) ! 9JU/ICE1 OR *ILL$ 9TO LE?>GY4 ,LET US VIEW MAN1 WRIT+ UND] ! PANGS ( DISEASE1 OR ! FI]C] TORTURES ?AT >E /OR$ UP = HIM BY HIS BRE?R54 ,:O IS !RE ?AT WILL LOOK ON & SAY1 0,ALL ?IS IS WELL2 !RE IS NO EVIL 9 ! WORLD80 ,LET US RECOLLECT ! PA9S ( ! M9D2 ! LOSS ( FRI5DS1 ! RANKL+ TOO? ( +RATITUDE1 ! UNREL5T+ RAGE ( TYRANNY1 ! SL[ PROGRESS ( JU/ICE1 ! BRAVE & HONE/ CONSIGN$ TO ! FATE ( GUILT4 ,LET US PLUNGE 9TO ! DEP? ( DUNGEONS4 ,LET US OBS]VE Y\? LANGUI%+ 9 HOPELESS DEPSAIR1 & TAL5TS & VIRTUE %R\D$ 9 ET]NAL OBLIVION4 ,! EVIL DOES NOT CONSI/ M]ELY 9 ! PA9 5DUR$4 ,IT IS ! 9JU/ICE ?AT 9FLICTS IT1 ?AT GIVES IT ITS %>PE/ /+4 ,MALIGNITY1 AN UNFEEL+ DISPOSITION1 V5GEANCE & CRUELTY1 >E 9MATES ( EV]Y CLIMATE4 ,AS !SE >E FELT BY ! SUFF]] ) PECULI> 

ACUT5ESS1 SO !Y PROPAGATE !MSELVES4 ,SEV]ITY BEGETS SEV]ITY1 & HATR$ 5G5D]S HATE#e4 ,! :OLE HI/ORY ( ! HUMAN SPECIES1 TAK5 9 ONE PO9T ( VIEW1 APPE>S A VA/ ABORTION4 ,MAN SEEMS ADAPT$ = WISDOM & =TITUDE & B5EVOL5CE4 ,BUT HE HAS ALWAYS1 ?R\< A VA/ MAJORITY ( C\NTRIES1 BE5 ! VICTIM ( IGNORANCE & SUP]/ITION4 ,CONTEMPLATE ! PHYSIOGNOMY ( ! SPECIES4 ,OBS]VE ! TRACES ( /UPIDITY1 ( L[ CUNN+1 ( ROOT$ 9SOL5CE1 ( WI!R$ HOPE1 & N>R[ SELFI%NESS1 :]E ! *>ACT]S ( WISDOM1 9DEP5D5CE & DIS9T]E/$NESS1 MI<T HAVE BE5 9SCRIB$4 ,RECOLLECT ! HORRORS ( W>1 ?AT LA/ 9V5TION ( DELIB]ATE PR(LIGACY = ! MIS]Y ( MAN4 ,?9K ( ! V>IETY ( W\NDS1 ! MULTIPLICATION ( ANGUI%1 ! DESOLATION ( C\NTRIES1 T[NS DE/ROY$1 H>VE/S FLAM+1 9HABITANTS P]I%+ BY ?\S&S ( HUNG] & COLD4 

,A S\ND PHILOSOPHY WILL TEA* US TO CONTEMPLATE ?IS SC5E )\T MADNESS4 ,9/RUCT$ 9 ITS LESSONS1 WE %ALL REMEMB] ?AT1 ?\< !RE IS MU* ( EVIL1 !RE IS ALSO MU* ( GOOD 9 ! WORLD1 MU* PLEASURE1 AS WELL AS MU* PA94 ,WE %ALL NOT EV5 PRON\NCE ?AT SOME SMALL PORTION ( ?IS EVIL IS NOT RELATIVELY NOT AN EVIL4 ,ABOVE ALL1 WE %ALL BE *E>$ ) ?AT ?\<T ( BRI<T] PROSPECTS & HAPPI] TIMES4 ,BUT ! OPTIMI/ MU/ BE P>TICUL>LY RA%1 :O TAKES UPON HIM TO AFFIRM ( ALL ?IS MASS ( EVIL )\T EXCEPTION1 ?AT IT IS RELATIVELY NOT EVIL1 & ?AT NO?+ C\LD HAVE HAPP5$ O!RWISE ?AN IT HAS HAPP5$1 )\T ! TOTAL BE+ WORSE ?AN IT IS4 

,!RE IS REASON TO ?9K ?AT ! CRE$ ( OPTIMISM1 OR AN OP9ION BE>+ SOME RELATION TO ?AT CRE$1 HAS DONE MU* H>M 9 ! WORLD4 

,IT IS CALCULAT$ TO OV]TURN ALL DI/9CTION BETWE5 VIRTUE & VISE4 ,! ESS5TIAL P>T ( !SE IDEAS1 AS HAS BE5 ALREADY OBS]V$1 CONSI/S 9 ! T5D5CY ( ! ACTIONS SO D5OM9AT$ ) RESPECT TO ! G5]AL GOOD#f4 ,BUT1 

ACCORD+ TO ! DOCTR9E ( OPTIMISM1 IF ,I DO A VIRTU\S ACTION1 ,I CONTRIBUTE TO ! G5]AL GOOD2 &1 IF ,I DO A VICI\S ACTION1 IT IS /ILL ! SAME4 ,EV]Y MAN1 ACCORD+ TO ?IS SY/EM1 IS PRIVILEG$1 AS ! ELECT >E PRIVILEG$ ACCORD+ TO ! SY/EM ( C]TA9 RELIGIONI/S3 0HE MAY LIVE AS HE LI/1 = HE CANNOT COMMIT S940 ,:E!R ,I MURD] MY B5EFACTOR1 OR PRES]VE HIM FROM BE+ MURD]$ BY ANO!R1 ,I /ILL DO ! V]Y BE/ ?+ ?AT C\LD HAVE BE5 DONE OR ?\<T (4 

,IT WILL BE ADMITT$ ON ALL H&S ?AT ! CONDUCT ( A MAN MAY BE SU* AS TO PRODUCE EVIL & PA9 TO HIMSELF1 TO 9VOLVE HIM 9 P]PETUAL OBLOQUY & REMORSE4 ,IT MAY BE SU* AS TO 9FLICT 9TOL]ABLE PA91 & ! MO/ HORRIBLE MIS*IEF1 UPON ANO!R1 OR UPON MANY O!RS4 ,A MAN !RE=E1 UPON ?IS S*EME1 MAY REASONABLY /UDY HIS [N 9T]E/2 HE MAY /UDY ! B5EFIT & ADVANTAGE ( HIS FRI5DS OR HIS NEI<BORS4 ,BUT1 IF HE AFFECT TO /UDY ! GOOD ( ! :OLE1 HE IS ONLY DECEIV+ HIMSELF4 ,IT IS IMPOSSIBLE = HIM TO HAVE ! SLI<TE/ NOTION :AT ACTS ( AN 9DIVIDUAL1 UND] ANY GIV5 CIRCUM/ANCES1 WILL OR WILL NOT CONTRIBUTE TO ! G5]AL GOOD4 ,N]O1 :5 HE PRON\NC$ S5T5CE UPON ,LUCAN OR ,S5ECA1 :5 HE CA/RAT$ ,SPORUS1 SET FIRE TO ! CITY ( ,ROME1 OR1 5CLOS+ ! ,*RI/IANS 9 CLO? ( PIT*1 BURN$ !M BY NI<T AFT] ! MANN] ( TOR*ES1 ADOPT$ ! CONDUCT1 ?\< P]HAPS HE WAS NOT AW>E ( IT1 MO/ APTLY CONDUC+ TO ! HAPP9ESS ( ! :OLE4 ,IT IS NOT 9DE$1 ABSOLUTELY SPEAK+1 9DIFF]5T :AT ,I %ALL DO2 BUT1 PRACTICALLY SPEAK+1 IT IS1 S9CE ,I AM :OLLY UNABLE TO CONJECTURE :AT WILL BE B5EFICIAL OR :AT 9JURI\S4 ,WE SAW1 UPON ! SY/EM ( SELF-LOVE1 PUBLIC UTILITY RESULT+ FROM EA* MAN'S DET]M9+ TO PO/PONE ?AT UTILITY TO HIS PRIVATE ADVANTAGE#g3 BUT IT IS MU* MORE ABSURD & REPULSIVE TO SUPPOSE UNIV]SAL HAPP9ESS TO BE ESS5TIALLY PROMOT$ BY ! PR(LIGACY1 MALEVOL5CE & MIS]Y ( 9NUM]ABLE MULTITUDES4 

,BUT1 ?\< OPTIMISM1 PURSU$ 9TO ITS CONSEQU5CES1 

IS DE/RUCTIVE ( ! DI/9CTION BETWE5 VIRTUE & VISE1 OR RA!R TEA*ES ?AT !RE NEI!R IS NOR CAN BE SU* A ?+ AS VISE1 YET IT IS ! FATE ( ?IS1 LIKE MANY O!R ]RORS1 ?AT ! TRU?S :I* LIE UNDEVELOP$ 9 ! M9D1 & CANNOT BE D]AC9AT$1 S]VE TO *ECK ITS 9FLU5CE & C\NT]ACT ITS EVIL T5D5CY4 

,IT MAY H[EV] BE SUSPECT$ ?AT1 :ILE ITS P]NICI\S EFFECTS >E ?US C\NT]ACT$1 !Y >E NOT DE/ROY$4 ,IT IS UNAVOIDABLE ?AT M5 %\LD1 9 SOME RESPECTS1 IMITATE :AT !Y P]SUADE !MSELVES IS RI<T4 ,?US 9 RELIGION1 ?OSE P]SONS :O BELIEVE ?AT A L>GE PORTION ( MANK9D >E OBJECTS ( ,GOD'S WRA?1 & RES]V$ = ET]NAL P]DITION1 CAN NEV] BE PREVAIL$ ON TO REG>D1 ) A TRUE & G5U9E SYMPA?Y1 ?OSE :OM ,GOD HAS CURS$4 ,9 ! SAME MANN] IT WILL PROBABLY HAPP5 9 ! PRES5T CASE3 ?OSE :O BELIEVE ?AT ALL ! UN=TUNATE EV5TS & SUFF]+S ?AT EXI/ 9 ! WORLD WILL BE F\ND1 9 SOME MY/]I\S WAY1 TO HAVE BE5 ! FITTE/ 9/RUM5TS ( UNIV]SAL GOOD1 >E 9 DANG] ( BE+ LESS SCRUPUL\S ?AN !Y \<T TO BE1 9 ! MEANS !Y %ALL !MSELVES SELECT = ! ACCOMPLI%M5T ( !IR PURPOSES4 ,IF PA91 HORRORS & DEVA/ATION BE FREQU5TLY F\ND MEANS ( K9DNESS 9 ! SY/EM ( ! UNIV]SE1 IT IS IMPOSSIBLE TO ASSIGN A GOOD REASON :Y !Y %\LD NOT BE SU* UND] ! DIRECTION ( MAN4 

,!RE IS ANO!R CRUDE NOTION DIFFUS$ 9 ! WORLD1 :I* ! PR9CIPLE ( OPTIMISM IS CALCULAT$ TO 5C\RAGE1 & :I* ! VIEWS H]E EXPLA9$ HAVE A T5D5CY TO CORRECT4 ,IT IS NOT UNCOMMON TO CONGRATULATE \RSELVES UPON ! P]V]S5ESS & MISCONDUCT ( ?OSE :OSE VIEWS WE OPPOSE1 UND] ! IMAG9ATION ?AT SU* MISCONDUCT CONDUCES TO ! MORE SPE$Y SUBV]SION ( ]ROR & E/ABLI%M5T ( JU/ICE4 ,BUT ! MAXIM IS SAF] & BETT] F\ND$ ?AN ?IS1 :I* %\LD 9/RUCT US ?AT WE 0REJOICE NOT 9 EVIL1 BUT REJOICE 9 ! TRU?40 ,IT HAS ALREADY APPE>$ ?AT IT IS A MATT] ( GREAT DELICACY & DIFFICULTY1 TO DECIDE 9 FAVOR ( PA9 & CALAMITY1 AS ! PROBABLE MEANS ( A PREPOND]ANCE ( GOOD4 ,IT WAS 

SUFFICI5TLY SE51 :5 WE TREAT$ ( RESI/ANCE & REVOLUTIONS1 ?AT ! ANGRY PASSIONS >E NOT ! MO/ PROMIS+ 9/RUM5TS ( HUMAN HAPP9ESS4 ,A P]V]SE CONDUCT T5DS TO ! PRODUCTION ( CONFUSION & VIOL5CE4 ,A GOV]NM5T ?AT EMPLOY$ EV]Y SPECIES ( P]SECUTION AGA9/ ?OSE :O %\LD DESIRE ITS RE=M1 & ?AT 9VOLV$ ! C\NTRY OV] :I* IT PRESID$ 9 W>1 = ! PURPOSE ( *ECK+ OR EXT]M9AT+ S5TIM5TS ( REASON & EQUALITY1 W\LD DO H>M1 & NOT GOOD4 ,IT MI<T 9DE$ DEFEAT ITS [N PURPOSES2 BUT IT W\LD PRODUCE RES5TM5T & CONT5TION4 ,IT MI<T EXCITE A REVULSION 9 ! PUBLIC M9D AGA9/ ITS DESIGNS2 BUT ?IS REVULSION W\LD BE ! (FSPR+ ( IRRITATION1 & NOT ( ! UND]/&+4 ,DIM9I% ! IRRITATION1 & ! PROGRESS ( REAL KN[L$GE W\LD BE MORE SUB/ANTIAL & SALUT>Y4 ,REAL KN[L$GE IS B5EVOL5T1 NOT CRUEL & RETALIAT+4 ,! *ANGE ?AT GR[S UP AMONG ANY PEOPLE FROM A CALM CONVICTION ( ! ABSURDITY ( !IR =M] ]RORS1 IS ( ! MO/ ADMIRABLE SORT2 BUT ! *ANGE ?AT GR[S FROM DI/RESS1 DI/EMP] & CRISIS1 IS AN EXPLOSION PREGNANT ) FATE TO ?\S&S4 ,FROM ALL !SE CONSID]ATIONS IT APPE>S1 ?AT EV]Y DEP>TURE FROM 5ORM\S VISE1 %\LD BE ACC\NT$ AS SO MU* GA9$ TO ! CAUSE ( G5]AL HAPP9ESS4 

,LET ANY P]SON :O 5T]TA9S ! CONTR>Y OP9ION ASK HIMSELF :E!R1 IF HE HAD A P>T 9 ! GOV]NM5T WE HAVE SUPPOS$1 HE W\LD ?9K HIMSELF OBLIG$ TO ACT1 9 ! MANN] 9 :I* HE PR(ESSES TO DESIRE ! GOV]NM5T %\LD ACT8 ,IF1 AS HE IMAG9ES1 ?AT ACTION BE MO/ CONDUCIVE TO ! PUBLIC GOOD1 MO/ UND\BT$LY1 W]E IT HIS [N CASE1 HE \<T TO ADOPT IT4 ,AGA91 W\LD HE ADVISE OR 9CITE ! GOV]NM5T1 9 ANY WAY1 TO ?IS P]V]SE CONDUCT8 ,!RE CANNOT BE A CLE>] PR9CIPLE 9 MORALS1 ?AN 0?AT ! ACTION IT W\LD BE VISE 9 US TO ADOPT1 IT IS VISE 9 US TO DESIRE TO SEE ADOPT$ BY ANO!R40 

,A FUR!R CONSEQU5CE ?AT FL[S FROM !SE SPECULATIONS1 IS RELATIVE TO ! P]SECUTION & SUFF]+S TO BE 

5DUR$ BY ! ADVOCATES ( JU/ICE4 ,! SAME REASON+ ?AT HAS P]SUAD$ M5 TO REJOICE 9 BEHOLD+ ACTS ( OPPRESSION HAS L$ !M TO C\RT OPPRESSION & M>TYRDOM4 ,A S\ND PHILOSOPHY1 IT %\LD SEEM1 W\LD NEV] 9/IGATE US TO PROVOKE ! PASSIONS ( O!RS1 OR TO REG>D 9JU/ICE AS ! SUITABLE MEANS ( PUBLIC HAPP9ESS4 ,IT IS REASON1 & NOT ANG]1 ?AT WILL B5EFIT MANK9D4 ,DISPASSIONATE 9QUIRY1 NOT BITT]NESS & RES5TM5T1 IS ! P>5T ( RE=M4 ,! WISE MAN WILL AVOID P]SECUTION1 BECAUSE A PROTRACT$ LIFE1 & AN UNFETT]$ LIB]TY1 >E LIKELY TO 5ABLE HIM TO PRODUCE A GREAT] SUM ( GOOD4 ,HE WILL AVOID P]SECUTION1 BECAUSE HE WILL BE UNWILL+ TO ADD FUEL TO ! FLAMES ( CONT5TION4 ,HE WILL REGRET IT :5 IT >RIVES1 BECAUSE HE BELIEVES IT TO BE BO? WICK$ & MIS*IEV\S4 ,BUT HE WILL NOT AVOID IT BY ! SACRIFIC ( A VIRTU\S1 BUT TEMP]$1 ACTIVITY4 ,HE WILL NOT REGRET IT ) A MEAN & PUSILLANIM\S SPIRIT1 BUT WILL MEET IT1 :5 IT CAN NO LONG] BE PREV5T$1 ) ?AT DIGNITY ( S\L & TRANQUILITY ( TEMP] ?AT >E *>ACT]I/IC ( TRUE WISDOM4 ,HE WILL NOT IMAG9E ?AT ! CAUSE ( TRU? WILL P]I%1 ?\< HE %\LD BE DE/ROY$4 ,HE WILL MAKE ! BE/ ( ! SITUATION TO :I* HE IS R$UC$1 & 5DEAVOR ?AT HIS DEA?1 LIKE HIS LIFE1 MAY BE ( USE TO MANK9D4 

,FOOTNOTES 

#a 
,BOOK ,I,I,I1 ,*AP4 ,I,I,I1 P4 #bba 

#b 
,BOOK ,I,V1 ,*AP4 ,X 

#c 
,BOOK ,I,I1 ,*AP4 ,I,I,I1 P4 #a#h#c2  
,BOOK ,I,I,I1 ,*AP4 ,V,I,I1 P4 #bdi 

#d 
,BOOK ,I,V1 ,*AP4 ,V1 P4 #c 

#e 
,BOOK ,I,V1 ,*AP4 ,I,I1 P4 #bgb 

#f 
,BOOK ,I,I1 ,*AP4 ,I,V 

#g 
,BOOK ,I,V1 ,*AP4 ,X1 P4 #*f 

,FROM 3 ,AN>*Y ,>*IVES4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,NOVEMB] #c1 #agib 3 ,BOOK #d1 ,*APT] #aa -- ,PUBLICATION4 
,JANU>Y #b#f1 #bag 3 ,BOOK #d1 ,*APT] #aa -- ,ADD$4 

 FILE G5]AT$ FROM 3  
HTTP3_/_/REVOLTLIB4COM_/