,BOOK #d1 ,*APT] #g 
,( ,FREE ,WILL & ,NECESSITY 

#agicagic 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,WILLIAM ,GODW9 

,TEXT 3 

,*,A,P,T,] ,V,I,I 

,( ,F,R,E,E ,W,I,L,L ,& ,N,E,C,E,S,S,I,T,Y 

,SECOND P>T ( ! PRES5T BOOK4 - ,DEF9ITION 
( NECESSITY4 - ,:Y SUPPOS$ TO EXI/ 9 ! 
OP]ATIONS ( ! MAT]IAL UNIV]SE4 - ,! CASE 
( ! OP]ATIONS ( M9D IS P>ALLEL4 - ,9DI- 
CATIONS ( NECESSITY - 9 HI/ORY - 9 \R JUDGE- 
M5TS ( *>ACT] - 9 \R S*EMES ( POLICY 
- 9 \R IDEAS ( MORAL DISCIPL9E4 - ,OBJECTION 
FROM ! FALLIBILITY ( \R EXPECTATIONS 9 HUMAN 
CONDUCT4 - ,ANSW]4 - ,ORIG9 & UNIV]SALITY 
( ! S5TIM5T ( FREE WILL4 - ,! S5TIM5T 
( NECESSITY ALSO UNIV]SAL4 - ,! TRU? ( 
?IS S5TIM5T >GU$ FROM ! NATURE ( 
VOLITION4 - ,HYPO!SIS ( FREE WILL EXAM9$4 
- ,SELF DET]M9ATION4 - ,9DIFF]5CE4 - ,! 
WILL NOT A DI/9CT FACULTY4 - ,FREE WILL DISADVAN- 
TAGE\S TO ITS POSSESSOR4 - ,( NO S]VICE TO 
 MORALITY4 

,?,U,S WE HAVE 5GAG$ 9 ! DISCUSSION ( V>I\S TOPICS RESPECT+ ! MODE 9 :I* IMPROVEM5T MAY MO/ SUCCESSFULLY BE 9TRODUC$ 9TO ! 9/ITUTIONS ( SOCIETY4 ,WE HAVE SE51 UND] ! HEADS ( RESI/ANCE1 REVOLUTION1 ASSOCIATIONS & TYRANNICIDE1 ?AT NO?+ IS MORE TO BE DEPRECAT$ ?AN VIOL5CE & A HEADLONG ZEAL1 ?AT EV]Y?+ MAY BE TRU/$ TO ! TRANQUIL & :OLESOME PROGRESS ( KN[L$GE1 & ?AT ! (FICE ( ! 5LI<T5$ FRI5D ( POLITICAL JU/ICE1 = ! MO/ P>T1 CONSI/S 9 ?IS ONLY1 A VIGILANT & P]PETUAL 5DEAVOR TO ASSI/ ! PROGRESS4 ,WE HAVE TRAC$ ! EFFECTS :I* >E TO BE PRODUC$ BY ! CULTIVATION ( TRU? & ! PRACTICE ( S9C]ITY4 ,IT REMA9S TO TURN \R ATT5TION TO ! O!R BRAN* ( ! SUBJECT PROPOS$ TO BE 9VE/IGAT$ 9 ! PRES5T BOOK2 ! MODE 9 :I*1 FROM ! /RUCTURE ( ! HUMAN M9D1 OP9ION IS F\ND TO OP]ATE 9 MODIFY+ ! CONDUCT ( 9DIVIDUALS4 

,SOME PROGRESS WAS MADE 9 ! EXAM9ATION ( ?IS PO9T 9 AN E>LI] DIVISION ( ! PRES5T WORK4#a ,AN ATT5TIVE 5QUIR] WILL READILY P]CEIVE ?AT NO 9VE/IGATION CAN BE MORE MAT]IAL1 TO SU* AS W\LD 5GAGE 9 A C>EFUL DEVELOPM5T ( ! PR9CIPLES ( POLITICAL JU/ICE4 ,IT CANNOT !RE=E BE UNPRODUCTIVE ( B5EFIT ?AT WE %\LD H]E TRACE 9TO !IR REMOT] RAMIFICATIONS ! PR9CIPLES :I* W]E !N DELIV]$2 AS WELL AS TURN \R ATT5TION TO C]TA9 O!R CONSID]ATIONS CONNECT$ ) ! SAME TOPIC :I* WE HAVE NOT HI!RTO HAD OCCASION TO DISCUSS4 ,( ! MANY CONTROV]SIES :I* HAVE BE5 EXCIT$ RELATIVE TO ! OP]ATION ( OP9ION1 NONE >E ( MORE IMPORTANCE ?AN ! QUE/ION RESPECT+ FREE WILL & NECESSITY1 & ! QUE/ION RESPECT+ SELF-LOVE & B5EVOL5CE4 ,!SE WILL OCCUPY A PR9CIPAL PORTION ( ! 9QUIRY4#b 

,WE WILL FIR/ 5DEAVOR TO E/ABLI% ! PROPOSITION ?AT ALL ! ACTIONS ( M5 >E NECESS>Y4 ,IT WAS IMPOSSIBLE ?AT ?IS PR9CIPLE %\LD NOT1 9 AN 9DIRECT MANN]1 BE FREQU5TLY ANTICIPAT$ 9 ! PREC$+ P>TS ( ?IS WORK4 ,BUT IT WILL BE F\ND /RONGLY 5TITL$ TO A SEP>ATE CONSID]ATION4 ,! DOCTR9E ( MORAL NECESSITY 9CLUDES 9 IT CONSEQU5CES ( ! HI<E/ MOM5T1 & LEADS TO A MORE BOLD & COMPREH5SIVE VIEW ( MAN 9 SOCIETY ?AN CAN POSSIBLY BE 5T]TA9$ BY HIM :O HAS EMBRAC$ ! OPPOSITE OP9ION4 

,TO ! RI<T UND]/&+ ( ANY >GUM5TS ?AT MAY BE ADDUC$ UND] ?IS HEAD1 IT IS REQUISITE ?AT WE %\LD HAVE A CLE> IDEA ( ! MEAN+ ( ! T]M NECESSITY4 ,HE :O AFFIRMS ?AT ALL ACTIONS >E NECESS>Y MEANS ?AT ! MAN :O IS ACQUA9T$ ) ALL ! CIRCUM/ANCES UND] :I* A LIV+ OR 9TELLIG5T BE+ IS PLAC$ UPON ANY GIV5 OCCASION IS QUALIFI$ TO PR$ICT ! CONDUCT HE WILL HOLD1 ) AS MU* C]TA9TY AS HE CAN PR$ICT ANY ( ! PH5OM5A ( 9ANIMATE NATURE4 ,UPON ?IS QUE/ION ! ADVOCATE ( LIB]TY 9 ! PHILOSOPHICAL S5SE MU/ JO9 ISSUE4 ,HE MU/1 IF HE MEAN ANY?+1 D5Y ?IS C]TA9TY ( CONJUNCTION BETWE5 MORAL ANTEC$5TS & CONSEQU5TS4 ,:]E ALL IS CON/ANT & 9V>IABLE1 & ! EV5TS ?AT >ISE UNI=MLY CORRESPOND TO ! CIRCUM/ANCES 9 :I* !Y ORIG9ATE1 !RE CAN BE NO LIB]TY4 

,IT IS G5]ALLY ACKN[L$G$ ?AT1 9 ! EV5TS ( ! MAT]IAL UNIV]SE1 EV]Y?+ IS SUBJECT$ TO ?IS NECESSITY4 ,! T5D5CY ( 9VE/IGATION & 9QUIRY1 RELATIVELY TO ?IS TOPIC ( HUMAN SCI5CE1 HAS BE5 MORE EFFECTUALLY TO EXCLUDE ! APPE>ANCE ( IRREGUL>ITY1 AS \R IMPROVEM5TS EXT5D$4 ,LET US RECOLLECT :AT IS ! SPECIES ( EVID5CE ?AT HAS SATISFI$ PHILOSOPH]S UPON ?IS PO9T4 ,!IR ONLY SOLID GR\ND ( REASON+ HAS BE5 FROM EXP]I5CE4 ,! >GUM5T :I* HAS 9DUC$ MANK9D TO CONCEIVE ( ! UNIV]SE AS GOV]N$ BY C]TA9 LAWS HAS BE5 AN OBS]V$ SIMIL>ITY 9 ! SUCCESSION ( EV5TS4 ,IF1 :5 WE HAD ONCE REM>K$ TWO EV5TS SUCCE$+ EA* O!R1 WE HAD NEV] HAD OCCASION TO SEE ?AT 9 DIVIDUAL SUCCESSION REPEAT$2 IF WE SAW 9NUM]ABLE EV5TS 9 P]PETUAL PROGRESSION1 )\T ANY APP>5T ORD]1 SO ?AT ALL \R OBS]VATION W\LD NOT 5ABLE US1 :5 WE BEHELD ONE1 TO PRON\NCE ?AT ANO!R1 ( SU* A P>TICUL> CLASS1 MI<T BE EXPECT$ TO FOLL[2 WE %\LD NEV] HAVE =M$ ! CONCEPTION ( NECESSITY1 OR HAVE HAD AN IDEA CORRESPOND+ TO ?AT ( LAWS & SY/EM4 

,H5CE IT FOLL[S ?AT ALL ?AT1 /RICTLY SPEAK+1 WE KN[ ( ! MAT]IAL UNIV]SE IS ?IS UNI=MITY ( EV5TS4 ,:5 WE SEE ! SUN CON/ANTLY RISE 9 ! MORN+1 & SET AT NI<T1 & HAVE HAD OCCASION TO OBS]VE ?IS PH5OM5ON 9V>IABLY TAK+ PLACE ?R\< ! :OLE P]IOD ( \R EXI/5CE1 WE CANNOT AVOID RECEIV+ ?IS AS A LAW ( ! UNIV]SE1 & A GR\ND = FUTURE EXPECTATION4 ,BUT WE NEV] SEE ANY PR9CIPLE OR VIRTUE BY :I* ONE EV5T IS CONJO9$ TO1 OR MADE ! ANTEC$5T (1 ANO!R4 

,LET US TAKE SOME FAMILI> ILLU/RATIONS ( ?IS TRU?4 ,CAN IT BE IMAG9$ ?AT ANY MAN1 BY ! 9SPECTION & ANALYSIS ( GUNP[D]1 W\LD HAVE BE5 5ABL$1 PREVI\SLY TO EXP]I5CE1 TO PR$ICT ITS EXPLOSION8 ,W\LD HE1 PREVI\SLY TO EXP]I5CE1 HAVE BE5 5ABL$ TO PR$ICT ?AT ONE PIECE ( M>BLE1 HAV+ A FLAT & POLI%$ SURFACE1 MI<T ) FACILITY BE PROTRUD$ ALONG ANO!R 9 A HORIZONTAL1 BUT W\LD1 ) CONSID]ABLE P]T9ACITY1 RESI/ SEP>ATION 9 A P]P5DICUL> DIRECTION8 ,! SIMPLE/ PH5OM5A1 ( ! MO/ H\RLY OCCURR5CE1 W]E ORIG9ALLY PLAC$ AT AN EQUAL DI/ANCE FROM HUMAN SAGACITY4 

,!RE IS A C]TA9 DEGREE ( OBSCURITY1 9CID5T TO ?IS SUBJECT1 >IS+ FROM ! FOLL[+ CIRCUM/ANCE4 ,ALL HUMAN KN[L$GE IS ! RESULT ( P]CEPTION4 ,WE KN[ NO?+ ( ANY SUB/ANCE1 A SUPPOS$ MAT]IAL BODY1 = EXAMPLE1 BUT BY EXP]I5CE4 ,IF IT W]E UNCONJO9$1 & BORE NO RELATION1 TO ! PH5OM5A ( ANY O!R SUB/ANCE1 IT W\LD BE NO SUBJECT ( HUMAN 9TELLIG5CE4 ,WE COLLECT A NUMB] ( !SE CONCURR5CES1 & HAV+1 BY !IR P]CEIV$ UNI=MITY1 R$UC$ !M 9TO CLASSES1 =M A G5]AL IDEA ANNEX$ TO ?AT P>T ( ! SUBJECT :I* /&S AS ! ANTEC$5T4 ,IT MU/ BE ADMITT$ ?AT A DEF9ITION ( ANY SUB/ANCE1 ?AT IS ANY?+ ?AT DES]VES TO BE CALL$ KN[L$GE RESPECT+ IT1 WILL 5ABLE US TO PR$ICT SOME ( ITS FUTURE PROBABLE CONSEQU5CES1 & ?AT = ?IS PLA9 REASON ?AT DEF9ITION IS PR$ICTION UND] ANO!R NAME4 ,BUT1 ?\<1 :5 WE HAVE GA9$ ! IDEA ( IMP5ETRABILITY AS A G5]AL PH5OM5ON ( MATT]1 WE CAN PR$ICT SOME ( ! V>IATIONS TO :I* IT LEADS1 !RE >E O!RS :I* WE CANNOT PR$ICT3 OR1 9 O!R WORDS1 WE KN[ NONE ( !SE V>IATIONS BUT SU* AS WE HAVE ACTUALLY REM>K$1 ADD$ TO AN EXPECTATION ?AT SIMIL> EV5TS WILL >ISE UND] SIMIL> CIRCUM/ANCES1 PROPORTION$ TO ! CON/ANCY ) :I* !Y HAVE BE5 OBS]V$ TO TAKE PLACE 9 \R PA/ EXP]I5CE4 ,F9D+1 AS WE DO BY REPEAT$ EXP]IM5TS1 ?AT MAT]IAL SUB/ANCES HAVE ! PROP]TY ( RESI/ANCE1 & ?AT ONE SUB/ANCE 9 A /ATE ( RE/1 :5 /RUCK UPON BY ANO!R1 PASSES 9TO A /ATE ( MOTION1 WE >E /ILL 9 WANT ( MORE P>TICUL> OBS]VATION TO 5ABLE US TO PR$ICT ! SPECIFIC V>IETIES ?AT WILL FOLL[ FROM ?IS COLLISION1 9 EA* ( ! BODIES4 ,9QUIRE ( A MAN :O KN[S NO?+ MORE ( MATT] ?AN ITS G5]AL PROP]TY ( IMP5ETRABILITY :AT WILL BE ! RESULT ( ONE BALL ( MATT] IMP++ UPON ANO!R1 & Y\ WILL SOON F9D H[ LITTLE ?IS G5]AL PROP]TY CAN 9=M HIM ( ! P>TICUL> LAWS ( MOTION4 ,WE SUPPOSE HIM TO KN[ ?AT MOTION WILL FOLL[ 9 TO ! SECOND BALL4 ,BUT :AT QUANTITY ( MOTION WILL BE COMMUNICAT$8 ,:AT RESULT WILL FOLL[ UPON ! COLLISION1 9 ! IMPELL+ BALL8 ,WILL IT CONT9UE TO MOVE 9 ! SAME DIRECTION8 ,WILL IT RECOIL 9 ! OPPOSITE DIRECTION8 ,WILL IT FLY (F OBLIQUELY2 OR WILL IT SUBSIDE 9TO A /ATE ( RE/8 ,ALL !SE EV5TS WILL BE F\ND EQUALLY PROBABLE BY HIM :OM A S]IES ( OBS]VATIONS UPON ! PA/ HAS NOT 9/RUCT$ AS TO :AT HE IS TO EXPECT FROM ! FUTURE4 

,FROM !SE REM>KS WE MAY SUFFICI5TLY COLLECT :AT IS ! SPECIES ( KN[L$GE WE POSSESS RESPECT+ ! LAWS ( ! MAT]IAL UNIV]SE4 ,NO EXP]IM5TS WE >E ABLE TO MAKE1 NO REASON+S WE >E ABLE TO D$UCE1 CAN EV] 9/RUCT US 9 ! PR9CIPLE ( CAUSATION1 OR %[ US = :AT REASON IT IS ?AT ONE EV5T HAS1 9 EV]Y 9/ANCE 9 :I* IT HAS BE5 KN[N TO OCCUR1 BE5 ! PRECURSOR ( ANO!R EV5T ( A GIV5 DESCRIPTION4 ,YET ?IS OBS]VATION DOES NOT1 9 ! SLI<TE/ DEGREE1 9VALIDATE \R 9F]5CE FROM ONE EV5T TO ANO!R1 OR AFFECT ! OP]ATIONS ( MORAL PRUD5CE & EXPECTATION4 ,! NATURE ( ! HUMAN M9D IS SU* AS TO OBLIGE US1 AFT] HAV+ SE5 TWO EV5TS P]PETUALLY CONJO9$1 TO PASS1 AS SOON AS ONE ( !M OCCURS1 TO ! RECOLLECTION ( ! O!R3 &1 9 CASES :]E ?IS TRANSITION NEV] MISLEADS US1 BUT ! IDEAL SUCCESSION IS ALWAYS F\ND TO BE AN EXACT COPY ( ! FUTURE EV5T1 IT IS IMPOSSIBLE ?AT ?IS SPECIES ( =ESI<T %\LD NOT BE CONV]T$ 9TO A G5]AL F\NDATION ( 9F]5CE & REASON+4 ,WE CANNOT TAKE A S+LE /EP UPON ?IS SUBJECT :I* DOES NOT P>TAKE ( ! SPECIES ( OP]ATION WE D5OM9ATE AB/RACTION4 ,TILL WE HAVE BE5 L$ TO CONSID] ! RIS+ ( ! SUN TOMORR[ AS AN 9CID5T ( ! SAME SPECIES AS ITS RIS+ TODAY1 WE CANNOT D$UCE FROM IT SIMIL> CONSEQU5CES4 ,IT IS ! BUS9ESS ( SCI5CE TO C>RY ?IS TALK ( G5]ALIZATION TO ITS FUR!/ EXT5T1 & TO R$UCE ! DIV]SIFI$ EV5TS ( ! UNIV]SE TO A SMALL NUMB] ( ORIG9AL PR9CIPLES4 

,LET US PROCE$ TO APPLY !SE REASON+S CONC]N+ MATT] TO ! ILLU/RATION ( ! !ORY ( M9D4 ,IS IT POSSIBLE 9 ?IS LATT] !ORY1 AS 9 ! =M] SUBJECT1 TO DISCOV] ANY G5]AL PR9CIPLES8 ,CAN 9TELLECT BE MADE A TOPIC ( SCI5CE8 ,>E WE ABLE TO R$UCE ! MULTIPLI$ PH5OM5A ( M9D TO ANY C]TA9 /&>D ( REASON+8 ,IF ! AFFIRMATIVE ( !SE QUE/IONS BE CONC$$1 ! 9EVITABLE CONSEQU5CE APPE>S TO BE ?AT M9D1 AS WELL AS MATT]1 EXHIBITS A CON/ANT CONJUNCTION ( EV5TS1 & FURNI%ES ALL ! GR\ND ?AT ANY SUBJECT WILL AF=D = AN OP9ION ( NECESSITY4 ,IT IS ( NO IMPORTANCE ?AT WE CANNOT SEE ! GR\ND ( ?AT NECESSITY1 OR IMAG9E H[ S5SATIONS1 PLEASURABLE OR PA9FUL1 :5 PRES5T$ TO ! M9D ( A P]CIPI5T BE+1 >E ABLE TO G5]ATE VOLITION & ANIMAL MOTION2 =1 IF !RE BE ANY TRU? 9 ! ABOVE /ATEM5T1 WE >E EQUALLY 9CAPABLE ( P]CEIV+ A GR\ND ( CONNECTION BETWE5 ANY TWO EV5TS 9 ! MAT]IAL UNIV]SE1 ! COMMON & RECEIV$ OP9ION1 ?AT WE DO P]CEIVE SU* GR\ND ( CONNECTION1 BE+1 9 REALITY1 NO?+ MORE ?AN A VULG> PREJUDICE4 

,?AT M9D IS A TOPIC ( SCI5CE MAY BE >GU$ FROM ALL ?OSE BRAN*ES ( LIT]ATURE & 9QUIRY :I* HAVE M9D = !IR SUBJECT4 ,:AT SPECIES ( AMUSEM5T OR 9/RUCTION W\LD HI/ORY AF=D1 IF !RE W]E NO GR\ND ( 9F]5CE FROM MORAL ANTEC$5TS TO !IR CONSEQU5TS1 IF C]TA9 TEMPTATIONS & 9DUCEM5TS DID NOT1 9 ALL AGES & CLIMATES1 9TRODUCE A C]TA9 S]IES ( ACTIONS1 IF WE W]E UNABLE TO TRACE A ME?OD & UNITY ( SY/EM 9 M5'S TEMP]S1 PROP5SITIES & TRANSACTIONS8 ,! AMUSEM5T W\LD BE 9F]IOR TO ?AT :I* WE D]IVE FROM ! P]USAL ( A *RONOLOGICAL TABLE1 :]E EV5TS HAVE NO ORD] BUT ?AT ( TIME2 S9CE1 H[EV] ! *RONOLOGI/ MAY NEGLECT TO M>K ! REGUL>ITY ( CONJUNCTION BETWE5 SUCCESSIVE TRANSACTIONS1 ! M9D ( ! READ] IS BUSI$ 9 SUPPLY+ ?AT REGUL>ITY FROM MEMORY OR IMAG9ATION3 BUT ! V]Y IDEA ( SU* REGUL>ITY W\LD NEV] HAVE SUGGE/$ ITSELF IF WE HAD NEV] F\ND ! S\RCE ( ?AT IDEA 9 EXP]I5CE4 ,! 9/RUCTION >IS+ FROM ! P]USAL ( HI/ORY W\LD BE ABSOLUTELY NONE2 S9CE 9/RUCTION IMPLIES1 9 ITS V]Y NATURE1 ! CLASS+ & G5]ALIZ+ ( OBJECTS4 ,BUT1 UPON ! SUPPOSITION ON :I* WE >E >GU+1 ALL OBJECTS W\LD BE IRREGUL> & DISJUNCT1 )\T ! POSSIBILITY ( AF=D+ ANY GR\NDS ( REASON+ OR PR9CIPLES ( SCI5CE4 

,! IDEA CORRESPOND5T TO ! T]M *>ACT] 9EVITABLY 9CLUDES 9 IT ! ASSUMPTION ( NECESSITY & SY/EM4 ,! *>ACT] ( ANY MAN IS ! RESULT ( A LONG S]IES ( IMPRESSIONS1 COMMUNICAT$ TO HIS M9D & MODIFY+ IT 9 A C]TA9 MANN]1 SO AS TO 5ABLE US1 A NUMB] ( !SE MODIFICATIONS & IMPRESSIONS BE+ GIV51 TO PR$ICT HIS CONDUCT4 ,H5CE >ISE HIS TEMP] & HABITS1 RESPECT+ :I* WE REASONABLY CONCLUDE ?AT !Y WILL NOT BE ABRUPTLY SUP]S$$ & REV]S$2 & ?AT1 IF EV] !Y BE REV]S$1 IT WILL NOT BE ACCID5TALLY1 BUT 9 CONSEQU5CE ( SOME /RONG REASON P]SUAD+1 OR SOME EXTRAORD9>Y EV5T MODIFY+ HIS M9D4 ,IF !RE W]E NOT ?IS ORIG9AL & ESS5TIAL CONJUNCTION BETWE5 MOTIVES & ACTIONS &1 :I* =MS ONE P>TICUL> BRAN* ( ?IS PR9CIPLE BETWE5 M5'S PA/ & FUTURE ACTIONS1 !RE C\LD BE NO SU* ?+ AS *>ACT]1 OR AS A GR\ND ( 9F]5CE1 5ABL+ US TO PR$ICT :AT M5 W\LD BE1 FROM :AT !Y HAVE BE54 

,FROM ! SAME IDEA ( REGUL>ITY & CONJUNCTION >ISE ALL ! S*EMES ( POLICY 9 CONSEQU5CE ( :I* M5 PROPOSE TO !MSELVES1 BY A C]TA9 PLAN ( CONDUCT1 TO PREVAIL UPON O!RS TO BECOME ! TOOLS & 9/RUM5TS ( !IR PURPOSES4 ,ALL ! >TS ( C\RT%IP & FLATT]Y1 ( PLAY+ UPON M5'S HOPES & FE>S1 PROCE$ UPON ! SUPPOSITION1 ?AT M9D IS SUBJECT TO C]TA9 LAWS1 & ?AT1 PROVID$ WE BE SKILLFUL & ASSIDU\S 5\< 9 APPLY+ ! MOTIVE1 ! ACTION WILL 5VITABLY FOLL[4 

,LA/LY1 ! IDEA ( MORAL DISCIPL9E PROCE$S 5TIRELY UPON ?IS PR9CIPLE4 ,IF ,I C>EFULLY P]SUADE1 EXHORT1 & EXHIBIT MOTIVES TO ANO!R1 IT IS BECAUSE ,I BELIEVE ?AT MOTIVES HAVE A T5D5CY TO 9FLU5CE HIS CONDUCT4 ,IF ,I REW>D OR PUNI% HIM1 EI!R ) A VIEW TO HIS [N IMPROVEM5T1 OR AS AN EXAMPLE TO O!RS1 IT IS BECAUSE ,I HAVE BE5 L$ TO BELIEVE ?AT REW>DS & PUNI%M5TS >E CALCULAT$ TO AFFECT ! DISPOSITIONS & PRACTICES ( MANK9D4 

,!RE IS BUT ONE CONCEIVABLE OBJECTION AGA9/ ! 9F]5CE FROM !SE PREMISES TO ! NECESSITY ( HUMAN ACTIONS4 ,IT MAY BE ALLEG$ ?AT 0?\< !RE IS A REAL COH]5CE BETWE5 MOTIVES & ACTIONS1 YET ?IS COH]5CE MAY NOT AM\NT TO A C]TA9TY1 & ( CONSEQU5CE1 ! M9D /ILL RETA9S AN 9H]5T ACTIVITY1 BY :I* IT CAN AT PLEASURE SUP]S$E & DISSOLVE IT4 ,?US = EXAMPLE1 :5 ,I ADDRESS >GUM5T & P]SUASION TO MY NEI<BOR1 TO 9DUCE HIM TO ADOPT A C]TA9 SPECIES ( CONDUCT1 ,I DO IT NOT ) A C]TA9 EXPECTATION ( SUCCESS1 & AM NOT UTT]LY DISAPPO9T$ IF MY EF=TS FAIL ( !IR OBJECT4 ,I MAKE A RES]VE = A C]TA9 FACULTY ( LIB]TY HE IS SUPPOS$ TO POSSESS1 :I* MAY AT LA/ C\NT]ACT ! BE/ DIGE/$ PROJECTS40 

,BUT 9 ?IS OBJECTION !RE IS NO?+ PECULI> TO ! CASE ( M9D4 ,IT IS JU/ SO 9 MATT]4 ,I SEE A P>T ONLY ( ! PREMISES1 & !RE=E CAN PRON\NCE ONLY ) UNC]TA9TY UPON ! CONCLUSION4 ,A PHILOSOPHICAL EXP]IM5T :I* HAS SUCCE$$ A HUNDR$ TIMES MAY ALTOGE!R FAIL 9 ! NEXT TRIAL4 ,BUT :AT DOES ! PHILOSOPH] CONCLUDE FROM ?IS8 ,NOT ?AT !RE IS A LIB]TY ( *OICE 9 HIS RETORT & HIS MAT]IALS2 BY :I* !Y BAFFLE ! BE/-=M$ EXPECTATIONS4 ,NOT ?AT ! E/ABLI%$ ORD] ( ANTEC$5TS & CONSEQU5TS IS IMP]FECT1 & ?AT P>T ( ! CONSEQU5T HAPP5S )\T AN ANTEC$5T4 ,BUT ?AT !RE WAS SOME O!R ANTEC$5T CONC]N$1 TO :I* AT ! TIME HE FAIL$ TO ADV]T1 BUT :I* A FRE% 9VE/IGATION WILL PROBABLY LAY OP5 TO HIM4 ,:5 ! SCI5CE ( ! MAT]IAL UNIV]SE WAS 9 ITS 9FANCY1 M5 W]E SUFFICI5TLY PROMPT TO REF] EV5TS TO ACCID5T & *ANCE2 BUT ! FUR!R !Y HAVE EXT5D$ !IR 9QUIRIES & OBS]VATION1 ! MORE REASON !Y HAVE F\ND TO CONCLUDE ?AT EV]Y?+ TAKES PLACE ACCORD+ TO NECESS>Y & UNIV]SAL LAWS4 

,! CASE IS EXACTLY P>ALLEL ) RESPECT TO M9D4 ,! POLITICIAN & ! PHILOSOPH]1 H[EV] !Y MAY SPECULATIVELY 5T]TA9 ! OP9ION ( FREE WILL1 NEV] ?9K ( 9TRODUC+ IT 9TO !IR S*EME ( ACC\NT+ = EV5TS4 ,IF AN 9CID5T TURN \T O!RWISE ?AN !Y EXPECT$1 !Y TAKE IT = GRANT$ ?AT !RE WAS SOME UNOBS]V$ BIAS1 SOME HABIT ( ?9K+1 SOME PREJUDICE ( $UCATION1 SOME S+UL> ASSOCIATION ( IDEAS1 ?AT DISAPPO9T$ !IR PR$ICTION2 &1 IF !Y BE ( AN ACTIVE & 5T]PRIS+ TEMP]1 !Y RETURN1 LIKE ! NATURAL PHILOSOPH]1 TO SE>* \T ! SECRET SPR+ ( ?IS UNLOOK$-= EV5T4 

,! REFLECTIONS 9TO :I* WE HAVE 5T]$ UPON ! LAWS ( ! UNIV]SE NOT ONLY AF=D A SIMPLE & IMPRESSIVE >GUM5T 9 FAVOR ( ! DOCTR9E ( NECESSITY1 BUT SUGGE/ A V]Y OBVI\S REASON :Y ! DOCTR9E OPPOSITE TO ?IS HAS BE51 9 A C]TA9 DEGREE1 ! G5]AL OP9ION ( MANK9D4 ,IT HAS APPE>$ ?AT ! IDEA ( UNI=M CONJUNCTION BETWE5 EV5TS ( ANY SORT IS ! LESSON ( EXP]I5CE1 & ! VULG> NEV] >RIVE AT ! UNIV]SAL APPLICATION ( ?IS PR9CIPLE EV5 TO ! PH5OM5A ( ! MAT]IAL UNIV]SE4 ,9 ! EASIE/ & MO/ FAMILI> 9/ANCES1 SU* AS ! IMP++ ( ONE BALL ( MATT] UPON ANO!R & ITS CONSEQU5CES1 !Y WILL+LY ADMIT ! 9T]F]5CE ( *ANCE & IRREGUL>ITY4 ,9 ?IS 9/ANCE H[EV]1 AS BO? ! IMPULSE & ITS CONSEQU5CES >E SUBJECTS ( OBS]VATION TO ! S5SES1 !Y READILY IMAG9E ?AT !Y P]CEIVE ! ABSOLUTE PR9CIPLE :I* CAUSES MOTION TO BE COMMUNICAT$ FROM ! FIR/ BALL TO ! SECOND4 ,N[ ! V]Y SAME PREJUDICE & PRECIPITATE CONCLUSION1 :I* 9DUCE !M TO BELIEVE ?AT !Y DISCOV] ! PR9CIPLE ( MOTION 9 OBJECTS ( S5SE1 ACT 9 AN OPPOSITE DIRECTION ) RESPECT TO SU* OBJECTS AS CANNOT BE SUBJECT$ TO ! EXAM9ATION ( S5SE4 ,! P[] BY :I* A S5SATION1 PLEASURABLE OR PA9FUL1 :5 PRES5T$ TO ! M9D ( A P]CIPI5T BE+1 PRODUCES VOLITION & ANIMAL MOTION1 NO ONE CAN IMAG9E ?AT HE SEES2 & !RE=E !Y READILY CONCLUDE ?AT !RE IS NO UNI=MITY ( CONJUNCTION 9 !SE EV5TS4 

,BUT1 IF ! VULG> WILL UNIV]SALLY BE F\ND TO BE ! ADVOCATES ( FREE WILL1 !Y >E NOT LESS /RONGLY1 H[EV] 9CONSI/5TLY1 IMPRESS$ ) ! BELIEF ( ! DOCTR9E ( NECESSITY4 ,IT IS A WELL KN[N & A JU/ OBS]VATION ?AT1 W]E IT NOT = ! EXI/5CE ( G5]AL LAWS TO :I* ! EV5TS ( ! MAT]IAL UNIV]SE ALWAYS CON=M1 MAN C\LD NEV] HAVE BE5 EI!R A REASON+ OR A MORAL BE+4 ,! MO/ CONSID]ABLE ACTIONS ( \R LIVES >E DIRECT$ BY =ESI<T4 ,IT IS BECAUSE HE =ESEES ! REGUL> SUCCESSION ( ! SEASONS ?AT ! F>M] S[S HIS FIELD1 &1 AFT] ! EXPIRATION ( A C]TA9 T]M1 EXPECTS A CROP4 ,!RE W\LD BE NO K9DNESS 9 MY ADM9I/]+ FOOD TO ! HUNGRY1 & NO 9JU/ICE 9 MY ?RU/+ A DRAWN SWORD AGA9/ ! BOSOM ( MY FRI5D1 IF IT W]E NOT ! E/ABLI%$ QUALITY ( FOOD TO N\RI%1 & ( A SWORD TO W\ND4 

,BUT ! REGUL>ITY ( EV5TS 9 ! MAT]IAL UNIV]SE WILL NOT ( ITSELF AF=D A SUFFICI5T F\NDATION ( MORALITY & PRUD5CE4 ,! VOLUNT>Y CONDUCT ( \R NEI<BORS 5T]S = A %>E 9TO ALMO/ ALL ?OSE CALCULATIONS UPON :I* \R PLANS & DET]M9ATIONS >E F\ND$4 ,IF VOLUNT>Y CONDUCT1 AS WELL AS MAT]IAL IMPULSE1 W]E NOT SUBJECT$ TO G5]AL LAWS1 & A LEGITIMATE TOPIC ( PR$ICTION & =ESI<T1 ! C]TA9TY ( EV5TS 9 ! MAT]IAL UNIV]SE W\LD BE PRODUCTIVE ( LITTLE B5EFIT4 ,BUT1 9 REALITY1 ! M9D PASSES FROM ONE ( !SE TOPICS1 ( SPECULATION TO ! O!R1 )\T ACCURATELY DI/RIBUT+ !M 9TO CLASSES1 OR IMAG9+ ?AT !RE IS ANY DIFF]5CE 9 ! C]TA9TY ) :I* !Y >E ATT5D$4 ,H5CE IT APPE>S ?AT ! MO/ UN9/RUCT$ PEASANT OR >TISAN IS PRACTICALLY A NECESS>IAN4 ,! F>M] CALCULATES AS SECURELY UPON ! 9CL9ATION ( MANK9D TO BUY HIS CORN :5 IT IS BR\<T 9TO ! M>KET1 AS UPON ! T5D5CY ( ! SEASONS TO RIP5 IT4 ,! LABOR] NO MORE SUSPECTS ?AT HIS EMPLOY] WILL ALT] HIS M9D1 & NOT PAY HIM HIS DAILY WAGES1 ?AN HE SUSPECTS ?AT HIS TOOLS WILL REFUSE TO P]=M ?OSE FUNCTIONS TODAY 9 :I* !Y W]E YE/]DAY EMPLOY$ ) SUCCESS4#c 

,ANO!R >GUM5T 9 FAVOR ( ! DOCTR9E ( NECESSITY1 NOT LESS CLE> & IRRESI/IBLE ?AN ?AT FROM ! UNI=MITY ( CONJUNCTION ( ANTEC$5TS & CONSEQU5TS1 WILL >ISE FROM A REF]5CE TO ! NATURE ( VOLUNT>Y ACTION4 ,! MOTIONS ( ! ANIMAL SY/EM DI/RIBUTE !MSELVES 9TO TWO GREAT CLASSES1 VOLUNT>Y & 9VOLUNT>Y4 0,VOLUNT>Y ACTION10 AS WE =M]LY OBS]V$1#d 0IS :]E ! EV5T IS =ESE51 PREVI\SLY TO ITS OCCURR5CE1 & ! HOPE OR FE> ( ?AT EV5T1 =MS ! EXCITEM5T1 PROMPT+ \R EF=T TO =W>D OR RET>D IT40 

,H]E !N ! ADVOCATES ( 9TELLECTUAL LIB]TY HAVE A CLE> DILEMMA PROPOS$ TO !IR *OICE4 ,!Y MU/ ASCRIBE ?IS FRE$OM1 ?IS IMP]FECT CONJUNCTION ( ANTEC$5TS & CONSEQU5TS1 EI!R TO \R VOLUNT>Y OR \R 9VOLUNT>Y ACTIONS4 ,!Y HAVE ALREADY MADE !IR DET]M9ATION4 ,!Y >E AW>E ?AT TO ASCRIBE FRE$OM TO ?AT :I* IS 9VOLUNT>Y1 EV5 IF ! ASSUMPTION C\LD BE MA9TA9$1 W\LD BE ALTOGE!R =EIGN TO ! GREAT SUBJECTS ( MORAL1 !OLOGICAL OR POLITICAL 9QUIRY4 ,MAN W\LD NOT BE 9 ANY DEGREE MORE AN AG5T OR AN ACC\NTABLE BE+1 ?\< IT C\LD BE PROV$ ?AT ALL HIS 9VOLUNT>Y MOTIONS SPRUNG UP 9 A =TUIT\S & CAPRICI\S MANN]4 

,BUT1 ON ! O!R H&1 TO ASCRIBE FRE$OM TO \R VOLUNT>Y ACTIONS IS AN EXPRESS CONTRADICTION 9 T]MS4 ,NO MOTION IS VOLUNT>Y ANY FUR!R ?AN IT IS ACCOMPANI$ ) 9T5TION & DESIGN1 & HAS = ITS PROP] ANTEC$5T ! APPREH5SION ( AN 5D TO BE ACCOMPLI%$4 ,SO F> AS IT FL[S1 9 ANY DEGREE1 FROM ANO!R S\RCE1 IT IS 9VOLUNT>Y4 ,! NEW-BORN 9FANT =ESEES NO?+1 !RE=E ALL HIS MOTIONS >E 9VOLUNT>Y4 ,A P]SON >RIV$ AT MATURITY1 TAKES AN EXT5SIVE SURVEY ( ! CONSEQU5CES ( HIS ACTIONS1 !RE=E HE IS EM95TLY A VOLUNT>Y & RATIONAL BE+4 ,IF ANY P>T ( MY CONDUCT BE DE/ITUTE ( ALL =ESI<T ( ! EV5TS TO RESULT1 :O IS !RE ?AT ASCRIBES TO IT DEPRAVITY & VISE8 ,X]XES ACT$ JU/ AS SOB]LY AS SU* A REASON] :5 HE CAUS$ HIS ATT5DANTS TO 9FLICT A ?\S& LA%ES ON ! WAVES ( ! ,HELLESPONT4 

,! TRU? ( ! DOCTR9E ( NECESSITY WILL BE /ILL MORE EVID5T IF WE CONSID] ! ABSURDITY ( ! OPPOSITE HYPO!SIS4 ,ONE ( ITS PR9CIPAL +R$I5TS IS SELF-DET]M9ATION4 ,LIB]TY1 9 AN IMP]FECT & POPUL> S5SE1 IS ASCRIB$ TO ! MOTIONS ( ! ANIMAL SY/EM1 :5 !Y RESULT FROM ! =ESI<T & DELIB]ATION ( ! 9TELLECT1 & NOT FROM EXT]NAL COMPULSION4 ,IT IS 9 ?IS S5SE ?AT ! WORD IS COMMONLY US$ 9 MORAL & POLITICAL REASON+4 ,PHILOSOPHICAL REASON]S !RE=E :O HAVE DESIR$ TO V9DICATE ! PROP]TY ( FRE$OM1 NOT ONLY TO \R EXT]NAL MOTIONS1 BUT TO ! ACTS ( ! M9D1 HAVE BE5 OBLIG$ TO REPEAT ?IS PROCESS4 ,\R EXT]NAL ACTIONS >E !N SAID TO BE FREE :5 !Y TRULY RESULT FROM ! DET]M9ATION ( ! M9D4 ,IF \R VOLITIONS1 OR 9T]NAL ACTS1 BE ALSO FREE1 !Y MU/ 9 LIKE MANN] RESULT FROM ! DET]M9ATION ( ! M9D1 OR 9 O!R WORDS1 0! M9D 9 ADOPT+ !M0 MU/ BE 0SELF-DET]M9$40 ,N[ NO?+ CAN BE MORE EVID5T ?AN ?AT 9 :I* ! M9D EXC]CISES ITS FRE$OM MU/ BE AN ACT ( ! M9D4 ,LIB]TY !RE=E1 ACCORD+ TO ?IS HYPO!SIS1 CONSI/S 9 ?IS1 ?AT EV]Y *OICE WE MAKE HAS BE5 *OS5 BY US1 & EV]Y ACT ( ! M9D BE5 PREC$$ & PRODUC$ BY AN ACT ( ! M9D4 ,?IS IS SO TRUE ?AT1 9 REALITY1 ! ULTIMATE ACT IS NOT /YL$ FREE FROM ANY QUALITY ( ITS [N1 BUT BECAUSE ! M9D1 9 ADOPT+ IT1 WAS SELF-DET]M9$1 ?AT IS1 BECAUSE IT WAS PREC$$ BY ANO!R ACT4 ,! ULTIMATE ACT RESULT$ COMPLETELY FROM ! DET]M9ATION ?AT WAS ITS PRECURSOR4 ,IT WAS ITSELF NECESS>Y2 &1 IF WE W\LD LOOK = FRE$OM1 IT MU/ BE TO ?AT PREC$+ ACT4 ,BUT1 9 ?AT PREC$+ ACT ALSO1 IF ! M9D W]E FREE1 IT WAS SELF-DET]M9$1 ?AT IS1 ?IS VOLITION WAS *OS5 BY A PREC$+ VOLITION1 &1 BY ! SAME REASON+1 ?IS ALSO BY ANO!R ANTEC$5T TO ITSELF4 ,ALL ! ACTS1 EXCEPT ! FIR/1 W]E NECESS>Y1 & FOLL[$ EA* O!R AS 9EVITABLY AS ! L9KS ( A *A9 DO :5 ! FIR/ L9K IS DRAWN =W>D4 ,BUT !N NEI!R WAS ?IS FIR/ ACT FREE1 UNLESS ! M9D 9 ADOPT+ IT W]E SELF-DET]M9$1 ?AT IS1 UNLESS ?IS ACT W]E *OS5 BY A PREC$+ ACT4 ,TRACE BACK ! *A9 AS F> AS Y\ PLEASE1 EV]Y ACT AT :I* Y\ >RIVE IS NECESS>Y4 ,?AT ACT1 :I* GIVES ! *>ACT] ( FRE$OM TO ! :OLE1 CAN NEV] BE DISCOV]$2 &1 IF IT C\LD1 9 ITS [N NATURE 9CLUDES A CONTRADICTION4 

,ANO!R IDEA :I* BELONGS TO ! HYPO!SIS ( FREE WILL IS ?AT ! M9D IS NOT NECESS>ILY 9CL9$ ?IS WAY OR ?AT1 BY ! MOTIVES :I* >E PRES5T$ TO IT1 BY ! CLE>NESS OR OBSCURITY ) :I* !Y >E APPREH5D$1 OR BY ! TEMP] & *>ACT] :I* PREC$+ HABITS MAY HAVE G5]AT$2 BUT ?AT1 BY ITS 9H]5T ACTIVITY1 IT IS EQUALLY CAPABLE ( PROCE$+ EI!R WAY1 & PASSES TO ITS DET]M9ATION FROM A PREVI\S /ATE ( ABSOLUTE 9DIFF]5CE4 ,N[ :AT SORT ( ACTIVITY IS ?AT :I* IS EQUALLY 9CL9$ TO ALL K9DS ( ACTIONS8 ,LET US SUPPOSE A P>TICLE ( MATT] 5D[$ ) AN 9H]5T PROP5SITY TO MOTION4 ,?IS PROP5SITY MU/ EI!R BE TO MOVE 9 ONE P>TICUL> DIRECTION1 & !N IT MU/ = EV] MOVE 9 ?AT DIRECTION1 UNLESS C\NT]ACT$ BY SOME EXT]NAL IMPRESSION2 OR IT MU/ HAVE AN EQUAL T5D5CY TO ALL DIRECTIONS1 & !N ! RESULT MU/ BE A /ATE ( P]PETUAL RE/4 

,! ABSURDITY ( ?IS CONSEQU5CE IS SO EVID5T ?AT ! ADVOCATES ( 9TELLECTUAL LIB]TY HAVE 5DEAVOR$ TO DE/ROY ITS =CE1 BY MEANS ( A DI/9CTION4 0,MOTIVE10 IT HAS BE5 SAID1 0IS 9DE$ ! OCCASION1 ! 

S9E QUA NON  ( VOLITION1 BUT IT HAS NO 9H]5T P[] TO COMPEL VOLITION4 ,ITS 9FLU5CE DEP5DS UPON ! FREE & UNCON/RA9$ SURR5D] ( ! M9D4 ,BETWE5 OPPOSITE MOTIVES & CONSID]ATIONS1 ! M9D CAN *OOSE AS IT PLEASES1 &1 BY ITS DET]M9ATION1 CAN CONV]T ! MOTIVE :I* IS WEAK & 9SUFFICI5T 9 ! COMP>ISON 9TO ! /RONGE/40 ,BUT ?IS HYPO!SIS WILL BE F\ND EXCE$+LY 9ADEQUATE TO ! PURPOSE = :I* IT IS PRODUC$4 ,NOT TO REPEAT :AT HAS BE5 ALREADY ALLEG$ TO PROVE1 ?AT 9H]5T P[] ( PRODUCTION 9 AN ANTEC$5T1 IS1 9 ALL CASES1 A M]E FICTION ( ! M9D1 IT MAY EASILY BE %[N1 ?AT MOTIVES MU/ EI!R HAVE A FIX$ & C]TA9 RELATION TO !IR CONSEQU5TS1 OR !Y CAN HAVE NONE4 

,= FIR/ IT MU/ BE REMEMB]$ ?AT ! GR\ND OR REASON ( ANY EV5T1 ( :ATEV] NATURE IT BE1 MU/ BE CONTA9$ AMONG ! CIRCUM/ANCES :I* PREC$E ?AT EV5T4 ,! M9D IS SUPPOS$ TO BE 9 A /ATE ( PREVI\S 9DIFF]5CE1 & !RE=E CANNOT BE1 9 ITSELF CONSID]$1 ! S\RCE ( ! P>TICUL> *OICE ?AT IS MADE4 ,!RE IS A MOTIVE ON ONE SIDE & A MOTIVE ON ! O!R3 & BETWE5 !SE LIE ! TRUE GR\ND & REASON ( PREF]5CE4 ,BUT1 :]EV] !RE IS T5D5CY TO PREF]5CE1 !RE MAY BE DEGREES ( T5D5CY4 ,IF ! DEGREES BE EQUAL1 PREF]5CE CANNOT FOLL[3 IT IS EQUIVAL5T TO ! PUTT+ EQUAL WEI<TS 9TO ! OPPOSITE SCALES ( A BALANCE4 ,IF ONE ( !M HAVE A GREAT] T5D5CY TO PREF]5CE ?AN ! O!R1 ?AT :I* HAS ! GREATE/ T5D5CY MU/ ULTIMATELY PREVAIL4 ,:5 TWO ?+S >E BALANC$ AGA9/ EA* O!R1 SO MU* AM\NT MAY BE CONCEIV$ TO BE /RUCK (F FROM EA* SIDE AS EXI/S 9 ! SMALL] SUM1 & ! OV]PLUS ?AT BELONGS TO ! GREAT] IS ALL ?AT TRULY 5T]S 9TO ! CONSID]ATION4 

,ADD TO ?IS1 SECONDLY1 ?AT1 IF MOTIVE HAVE NOT A NECESS>Y 9FLU5CE1 IT IS ALTOGE!R SUP]FLU\S4 ,! M9D CANNOT FIR/ *OOSE TO BE 9FLU5C$ BY A MOTIVE1 & AFT]W>DS SUBMIT TO ITS OP]ATION3 = 9 ?AT CASE ! PREF]5CE W\LD BELONG :OLLY TO ?IS PREVI\S VOLITION4 ,! DET]M9ATION W\LD 9 REALITY BE COMPLETE 9 ! FIR/ 9/ANCE2 & ! MOTIVE1 :I* CAME 9 AFT]W>DS1 MI<T BE ! PRETEXT1 BUT C\LD NOT BE ! TRUE S\RCE ( ! PROCE$+S4#e 

,LA/LY1 IT MAY BE OBS]V$ UPON ! HYPO!SIS ( FREE WILL ?AT ! :OLE SY/EM IS BUILT UPON A DI/9CTION :]E !RE IS NO DIFF]5CE1 TO WIT1 A DI/9CTION BETWE5 ! 9TELLECTUAL & ACTIVE P[]S ( ! M9D4 ,A MY/]I\S PHILOSOPHY TAU<T M5 TO SUPPOSE ?AT1 :5 AN OBJECT WAS ALREADY FELT TO BE DESIRABLE1 !RE WAS NE$ ( SOME DI/9CT P[] TO PUT ! BODY 9 MOTION4 ,BUT REASON F9DS NO GR\ND = ?IS SUPPOSITION2 NOR IS IT POSSIBLE TO CONCEIVE 79 ! CASE ( AN 9TELLECTUAL FACULTY PLAC$ 9 AN APTLY ORGANIZ$ BODY1 :]E PREF]5CE EXI/S1 TOGE!R ) A S5TIM5T1 ! DICTATE ( EXP]I5CE7 ( \R P[] TO OBTA9 ! OBJECT PREF]R$7 ( ANY?+ BEYOND ?IS ?AT CAN CONTRIBUTE TO R5D] A C]TA9 MOTION ( ! ANIMAL FRAME ! NECESS>Y RESULT4 ,WE NE$ ONLY ATT5D TO ! OBVI\S MEAN+ ( ! T]MS1 9 ORD] TO P]CEIVE ?AT ! WILL IS M]ELY1 AS IT HAS BE5 HAPPILY T]M$1 0! LA/ ACT ( ! UND]/&+10#f 

0ONE ( ! DIFF]5T CASES ( ! ASSOCIATION ( IDEAS40#g ,:AT 9DE$ IS PREF]5CE BUT A FEEL+ ( SOME?+ ?AT REALLY 9H]ES1 OR IS SUPPOS$ TO 9H]E1 9 ! OBJECTS !MSELVES8 ,IT IS ! COMP>ISON1 TRUE OR ]RONE\S1 :I* ! M9D MAKES1 RESPECT+ SU* ?+S AS >E BR\<T 9TO COMPETITION ) EA* O!R4 ,?IS IS 9DE$ ! SAME PR9CIPLE AS WAS E/ABLI%$ UPON A =M] OCCASION1 :5 WE UND]TOOK TO PROVE ?AT ! VOLUNT>Y ACTIONS ( M5 ORIG9ATE 9 !IR OP9IONS4#h ,BUT1 IF ?IS FACT HAD BE5 SUFFICI5TLY ATT5D$ TO1 ! FRE$OM ( ! WILL W\LD NEV] HAVE BE5 GRAVELY MA9TA9$ BY PHILOSOPHICAL WRIT]S2 S9CE NO MAN EV] IMAG9$ ?AT WE W]E FREE TO FEEL OR NOT TO FEEL AN IMPRESSION MADE UPON \R ORGANS1 & TO BELIEVE OR NOT TO BELIEVE A PROPOSITION DEMON/RAT$ TO \R UND]/&+4 

,IT MU/ BE UNNECESS>Y TO ADD ANY ?+ FUR!R ON ?IS HEAD1 UNLESS IT BE A MOM5T>Y RECOLLECTION ( ! SORT ( B5EFIT ?AT FRE$OM ( ! WILL W\LD CONF] UPON US1 SUPPOS+ IT POSSIBLE4 ,MAN BE+1 AS WE HAVE H]E F\ND HIM TO BE1 A CREATURE :OSE ACTIONS FL[ FROM ! SIMPLE PR9CIPLE1 & :O IS GOV]N$ BY ! APPREH5SIONS ( HIS UND]/&+1 NO?+ FUR!R IS REQUISITE BUT ! IMPROVEM5T ( HIS REASON+ FACULTY TO MAKE HIM VIRTU\S & HAPPY4 ,BUT DID HE POSSESS A FACULTY 9 DEP5D5T ( ! UND]/&+1 & CAPABLE ( RESI/+ FROM M]E CAPRICE ! MO/ P[]FUL >GUM5TS1 ! BE/ $UCATION & ! MO/ S$UL\S 9/RUCTION MI<T BE ( NO USE TO HIM4 ,?IS FRE$OM WE %ALL EASILY P]CEIVE TO BE HIS BANE & HIS CURSE2 & ! ONLY HOPE ( LA/+ B5EFIT TO ! SPECIES W\LD BE BY DRAW+ CLOS] ! CONNECTION BETWE5 ! EXT]NAL MOTIONS & ! UND]/&+1 :OLLY TO EXTIRPATE IT4 ,! VIRTU\S MAN1 9 PROPORTION TO HIS IMPROVEM5T1 WILL BE UND] ! CON/ANT 9FLU5CE ( FIX$ & 9V>IABLE PR9CIPLES2 & SU* A BE+ AS WE CONCEIVE ,GOD TO BE1 CAN NEV] 9 ANY ONE 9/ANCE HAVE EX]CIS$ ?IS LIB]TY1 ?AT IS1 CAN NEV] HAVE ACT$ 9 A FOOLI% & TYRANNICAL MANN]4 ,FRE$OM ( ! WILL IS ABSURDLY REPRES5T$ AS NECESS>Y TO R5D] ! M9D SUSCEPTIBLE ( MORAL PR9CIPLES2 BUT 9 REALITY1 SO F> AS WE ACT ) LIB]TY1 SO F> AS WE >E 9DEP5D5T ( MOTIVES1 \R CONDUCT IS AS 9DEP5D5T ( MORALITY AS IT IS ( REASON1 NOR IS IT POSSIBLE ?AT WE %\LD DES]VE EI!R PRAISE OR BLAME = A PROCE$+ ?US CAPRICI\S & 9DISCIPL9ABLE4 

.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.- 

,FOOTNOTES 

#a,BOOK ,I1 ,*AP4 ,V4  

#b,! READ] :O IS 9DISPOS$ TO AB/RUSE 
SPECULATIONS WILL F9D ! O!R MEMB]S ( ! TREATISE SUFFICI5TLY 
CONNECT$1 )\T AN EXPRCSS REF]5CE TO ?IS & ! ?REE FOLL[+ 
*APT]S ( ! PRES5T BOOK4 

#c,! READ] WILL F9D ! SUB/ANCE ( ! ABOVE >GUM5TS 9 A MORE 
DIFFUSIVE =M 9 ,HUME'S ,9QUIRY CONC]N+ ,HUMAN ,UND]/&+1 
BE+ ! ?IRD P>T ( HIS ,ESSAYS4 

#d,BOOK ,I1 ,*AP4 ,V1 P4 #aL#i4 

#e,! >GUM5T FROM ! IMPOSSIBILITY ( 
FREE WILL IS TREAT$ ) GREAT =CE ( REASON+ 9 ,JONA?AN 
,$W>DS'S ,9QUIRY 9TO ! ,FRE$OM ( ! ,WILL4 

#f,CL>KE4 

#g,H>TLEY4 

#h,BOOK ,I1 ,*AP4 ,V4 

,FROM 3 ,AN>*Y ,>*IVES4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,NOVEMB] #c1 #agib 3 ,BOOK #d1 ,*APT] #g -- ,PUBLICATION4 
,JANU>Y #b#f1 #bag 3 ,BOOK #d1 ,*APT] #g -- ,ADD$4 

 FILE G5]AT$ FROM 3  
HTTP3_/_/REVOLTLIB4COM_/