,BOOK #e1 ,*APT] #ba 
,( ! ,COMPOSITION ( ,GOV]NM5T 

#agicagic 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,WILLIAM ,GODW9 

,TEXT 3 

,BOOK ,V 

,( ,LEGISLATIVE & ,EXECUTIVE ,P[]  

 ,*,A,P,T,] ,X,X,I 

,( ,! ,C,O,M,P,O,S,I,T,I,O,N ,( ,G,O,V,],N,M,5,T 

,H\SES ( ASSETS4 - ,?IS 9/ITUTION UNJU/4 
- ,DELIB]ATE PROCE$+ ! PROP] ANTIDOTE4  
- ,SEP>>TION ( LEGISLATIVE & EXECUTIVE P[]  
CONSID]$4 - ,SUP]IOR IMPORTANCE ( ! LATT]4 
 - ,FUNCTIONS ( M9I/]S4 

,O,N,E ,( ! >TICLES :I* HAS BE5 MO/ EAG]LY 9SI/$ ON1 BY ! ADVOCATES ( COMPLEXITY 9 POLITICAL 9/ITUTIONS1 IS ?AT ( '*ECKS1 BY :I* A RA% PROCE$+ MAY BE PREV5T$1 & ! PROVISIONS UND] :I* MANK9D HAVE HI!RTO LIV$ ) TRANQUILITY1 MAY NOT BE REV]S$ )\T MATURE DELIB]ATION'4 ,WE WILL SUPPOSE ?AT ! EVILS ( MON>*Y & >I/OCRACY >E1 BY ?IS TIME1 TOO NOTORI\S TO 9CL9E ! SPECULATIVE 5QUIR] TO SEEK = A REM$Y1 9 EI!R ( !SE4 ',YET IT IS POSSIBLE1 )\T ! 9/ITUTION ( PRIVILEG$ ORD]S1 TO F9D MEANS ?AT MAY ANSW] A SIMIL> PURPOSE 9 ?IS RESPECT4 ,! REPRES5TATIVES ( ! PEOPLE MAY BE DI/RIBUT$1 = EXAMPLE1 9TO TWO ASSEMBLIES2 !Y MAY BE *OS5 ) ?IS P>TICUL> VIEW1 TO CON/ITUTE AN UPP] & A L[] H\SE1 & MAY BE DI/+UI%$ FROM EA* O!R EI!R BY V>I\S QUALIFICATIONS ( AGE OR =TUNE1 OR BY BE+ *OS5 BY A GREAT] OR SMALL] NUMB] ( ELECTORS1 OR = A %ORT] OR LONG] T]M4' 

,TO EV]Y 9CONV5I5CE ?AT EXP]I5CE CAN PRODUCE1 OR IMAG9ATION SUGGE/1 !RE IS PROBABLY AN APPROPRIATE REM$Y4 ,?IS REM$Y MAY EI!R HE S\<T 9 A MORE /RICT PROSECUTION ( ! PR9CIPLES ( REASON & JU/ICE1 OR 9 >TIFICIAL COMB9ATIONS 5CROA*+ UPON ?OSE PR9CIPLES4 ,:I* >E WE TO PREF]8 ,NO D\BT1 ! 9/ITUTION ( TWO H\SES ( ASSEMBLY IS CONTR>Y TO ! PRIM>Y DICTATES ( REASON & JU/ICE4 ,H[ %ALL A NATION BE GOV]N$8 ,AGREEABLY TO ! OP9IONS ( ITS 9HABITANTS1 OR 9 OPPOSITION TO !M8 ,AGREEABLY TO !M UND\BT$LY4 ,NOT1 AS WE CANNOT TOO (T5 REPEAT1 BECAUSE !IR OP9ION IS A /&>D ( TRU?1 BUT BECAUSE1 H[EV] ]RONE\S ?AT OP9ION MAY BE1 WE CAN DO NO BETT]4 ,!RE IS NO EFFECTUAL WAY ( IMPROV+ ! 9/ITUTIONS ( ANY PEOPLE1 BUT BY 5LI<T5+ !IR UND]/&+S4 ,HE ?AT 5DEAVORS TO MA9TA9 ! AU?ORITY ( ANY S5TIM5T1 NOT BY >GUM5T1 BUT BY =CE1 MAY 9T5D A B5EFIT1 BUT REALLY 9FLICTS AN EXTREME 9JURY4 ,TO SUPPOSE ?AT TRU? CAN BE 9/ILL$ ?R\< ANY M$IUM BUT ?AT ( ITS 9TR9SIC EVID5CE IS A FLAGRANT & P]NICI\S ]ROR4 ,HE ?AT BELIEVES ! MO/ FUNDAM5TAL PROPOSITION ?R\< ! 9FLU5CE ( AU?ORITY DOES NOT BELIEVE A TRU?1 BUT A FALSEHOOD4 ,! PROPOSITION ITSELF HE DOES NOT UND]/&1 = ?OR\<LY TO UND]/& IT IS TO P]CEIVE ! DEGREE ( EVID5CE ) :I* IT IS ACCOMPANI$2 IS TO KN[ ! FULL MEAN+ ( ITS T]MS1 &1 BY NECESS>Y CONSEQU5CE1 TO P]CEIVE 9 :AT RESPECTS !Y AGREE OR DISAGREE ) EA* O!R4 ,ALL ?AT HE BELIEVES IS ?AT IT IS V]Y PROP] HE %\LD SUBMIT TO USURPATION & 9JU/ICE4 

,IT WAS IMPUT$ TO ! LATE GOV]NM5T ( ,FRANCE ?AT1 :5 !Y CALL$ AN ASSEMBLY ( NOTABLES 9 #a#g#h#g1 !Y CONTRIV$1 BY DIVID+ ! ASSEMBLY 9TO SEV5 DI/9CT CORPS1 & NOT ALL[+ !M TO VOTE O!RWISE ?AN 9 !SE CORPS1 ?AT ! VOTE ( FIFTY P]SONS %\LD BE CAPABLE ( OP]AT+1 AS IF !Y W]E A MAJORITY1 9 AN ASSEMBLY ( ONE HUNDR$ & =TY-F\R4 ,IT W\LD HAVE BE5 /ILL WORSE IF IT HAD BE5 ORDA9$ ?AT NO MEASURE %\LD BE CONSID]$ AS ! MEASURE ( ! ASSEMBLY1 UNLESS IT W]E ADOPT$ BY ! UNANIM\S VOICE ( ALL ! CORPS3 ELEV5 P]SONS MI<T !N1 9 VOT+ A NEGATIVE1 HAVE OP]AT$ AS A MAJORITY ( ONE HUNDR$ & =TY F\R4 ,?IS MAY S]VE AS A SPECIM5 ( ! EFFECTS ( DI/RIBUT+ A REPRES5TATIVE NATIONAL ASSEMBLY 9TO TWO OR MORE H\SES4 ,NOR %\LD WE SUFF] \RSELVES TO BE DECEIV$ UND] ! PRET5SE ( ! 9NOC5CE ( A NEGATIVE 9 COMP>ISON ) AN AFFIRMATIVE4 ,9 A C\NTRY 9 :I* UNIV]SAL JU/ICE WAS ALREADY E/ABLI%$1 !RE W\LD BE LITTLE NE$ ( A REPRES5TATIVE ASSEMBLY4 ,9 A C\NTRY 9TO :OSE 9/ITUTIONS ]ROR HAS 9S9UAT$ ITSELF1 A NEGATIVE UPON ! REPEAL ( ?OSE ]RORS IS ! REAL AFFIRMATIVE4 

,! 9/ITUTION ( TWO H\SES ( ASSEMBLY IS ! DIRECT ME?OD TO DIVIDE A NATION AGA9/ ITSELF4 ,ONE ( !SE H\SES WILL1 9 A GREAT] OR LESS DEGREE1 BE ! ASYLUM ( USURPATION1 MONOPOLY & PRIVILEGE4 ,P>TIES W\LD EXPIRE1 AS SOON AS !Y W]E BORN1 9 A C\NTRY :]E OPPOSITION ( S5TIM5TS1 & A /RUGGLE ( 9T]E/S1 W]E NOT ALL[$ TO ASSUME ! =MALITIES ( DI/9CT 9/ITUTION4 

,MEAN:ILE1 A SPECIES (1 *ECK P]FECTLY SIMPLE1 & :I* APPE>S SUFFICI5TLY ADEQUATE TO ! PURPOSE1 SUGGE/S ITSELF 9 ! IDEA ( A SL[ & DELIB]ATE PROCE$+1 :I* ! REPRES5TATIVE ASSEMBLY %\LD PRESCRIBE TO ITSELF4 ,P]HAPS NO PROCE$+ ( ?IS ASSEMBLY %\LD HAVE ! =CE ( A G5]AL REGULATION1 TILL IT HAD UND]GONE FIVE OR SIX SUCCESSIVE DISCUSSIONS 9 ! ASSEMBLY1 OR TILL ! EXPIRATION ( ONE MON? FROM ! P]IOD ( ITS BE+ PROPOS$4 ,SOME?+ LIKE ?IS IS ! ORD] ( ! ,5GLI% H\SE ( COMMONS1 NOR DOES IT APPE> TO BE1 BY ANY MEANS1 AMONG ! WOR/ FEATURES ( \R CON/ITUTION4 ,A SY/EM LIKE ?IS W\LD BE SUFFICI5TLY ANALOG\S TO ! PROCE$+S ( A WISE 9DIVIDUAL1 ,:O C]TA9LY W\LD NOT WI% TO DET]M9E UPON ! MO/ IMPORTANT CONC]NS ( HIS LIFE )\T A SEV]E EXAM9ATION2 & /ILL LESS W\LD OMIT ?IS EXAM9ATION IF HIS DECISION W]E DE/9$ TO BE A RULE = ! CONDUCT1 & A CRIT]ION TO DET]M9E UPON ! RECTITUDE1 ( O!R M54 

,P]HAPS1 AS WE HAVE SAID1 ?IS SL[ & GRADUAL PROCE$+ \<T1 9 NO 9/ANCE1 TO BE DISP5S$ )1 BY ! NATIONAL REPRES5TATIVE ASSEMBLY4 ,?IS SEEMS TO HE ! TRUE L9E ( SEP>ATION BETWE5 ! FUNCTIONS ( ! ASSEMBLY AS SU* & ! EXECUTIVE P[]1 :E!R WE SUPPOSE ! EXECUTIVE SEP>ATE1 OR SIMPLY PLACE IT 9 A COMMITTEE ( ! REPRES5TATIVE BODY4 ,A PLAN ( ?IS SORT W\LD PRODUCE A *>ACT] ( GRAVITY & GOOD S5SE1 EM95TLY CALCULAT$ TO FIX ! CONFID5CE ( ! CITIZ5S4 ,! M]E VOTES ( ! ASSEMBLY1 AS DI/+UI%$ FROM ITS ACTS & DECREES1 MI<T S]VE AS AN 5C\RAGEM5T TO ! PUBLIC FUNCTION>IES1 & AS AF=D+ A BASIS ( EXPECTATION1 RESPECT+ ! SPE$Y CURE ( ?OSE EVILS ( :I* ! PUBLIC MI<T COMPLA92 BUT !Y %\LD NEV] BE ALL[$ TO BE PLEAD$ AS ! COMPLETE JU/IFICATION ( ANY ACTION4 ,A PRECAUTION LIKE ?IS W\LD NOT ONLY T5D TO PREV5T ! FATAL CONSEQU5CES ( ANY PRECIPITATE JUDGM5T ( ! ASSEMBLY )9 ITSELF1 BUT ( TUMULT & DISORD] FROM )\T4 ,AN >TFUL DEMAGOGUE W\LD F9D IT MORE EASY TO WORK UP ! PEOPLE 9TO A FIT ( MOM5T>Y 9SANITY ?AN TO RETA9 !M 9 IT = A MON?1 9 OPPOSITION TO ! EF=TS ( !IR REAL FRI5DS TO UNDECEIVE !M4 ,MEAN:ILE1 ! CONS5T ( ! ASSEMBLY TO TAKE !IR DEM& 9TO CONSID]ATION MI<T REASONABLY BE EXPECT$ TO MOD]ATE !IR IMPATI5CE4 

,SC>CELY ANY PLAUSIBLE >GUM5T CAN BE ADDUC$ 9 FAVOR ( :AT HAS BE5 D5OM9AT$ BY POLITICAL WRIT]S A DIVISION ( P[]S4 ,NO?+ CAN SEEM LESS REASONABLE ?AN TO PRESCRIBE ANY POSITIVE LIMITS TO ! TOPICS ( DELIB]ATION 9 AN ASSEMBLY ADEQUATELY REPRES5T+ ! PEOPLE2 OR P]EMPTORILY TO =BID !M ! EX]CISE ( FUNCTIONS ! DEPOSITORIES ( :I* >E PLAC$ UND] !IR 9SPECTION & C5SURE4 ,P]HAPS1 UPON ANY EM]G5CE1 TOTALLY UN=ESE5 AT ! TIME ( !IR ELECTION1 & UNCOMMONLY IMPORTANT1 !Y W\LD PROVE !IR WISDOM BY CALL+ UPON ! PEOPLE TO ELECT A NEW ASSEMBLY1 1) A DIRECT VIEW TO ?AT EM]G5CE4 ,BUT ! EM]G5CE1 AS WE %ALL HAVE OCCASION MORE FULLY TO OBS]VE 9 ! SEQUEL1 CANNOT ) ANY PROPRIETY BE PREJUDG$1 & A RULE LAID D[N = !IR CONDUCT1 BY A BODY PRIOR TO1 OR DI/9CT FROM1 !MSELVES4 ,! DI/9CTION ( LEGISLATIVE & EXECUTIVE P[]S1 H[EV] 9TELLIGIBLE 9 !ORY1 WILL BY NO MEANS AU?ORIZE !IR SEP>ATION 9 PRACTICE4 

,LEGISLATION1 ?AT IS1 ! AU?ORITATIVE 5UNCIATION ( AB/RACT OR G5]AL PROPOSITIONS1 IS A FUNCTION ( EQUIVOCAL NATURE & WILL NEV] BE EX]CIS$ 9 A PURE /ATE ( SOCIETY1 OR A /ATE APPROA*+ TO PURITY1 BUT ) GREAT CAUTION & UNWILL+NESS4 ,IT IS ! MO/ ABSOLUTE ( ! FUNCTIONS ( GOV]NM5T1 & GOV]NM5T ITSELF IS A REM$Y ?AT 9EVITABLY BR+S ITS [N EVILS ALONG ) IT4 ,ADM9I/RATION1 ON ! O!R H&1 IS A PR9CIPLE ( P]PETUAL APPLICATION4 ,SO LONG AS M5 %ALL SEE REASON TO ACT 9 A CORPORATE CAPACITY1 !Y WILL ALWAYS HAVE OCCASIONS ( TEMPOR>Y EM]G5CY = :I* TO PROVIDE4 ,9 PROPORTION AS !Y ADVANCE 9 SOCIAL IMPROVEM5T1 EXECUTIVE P[] WILL1 COMP>ATIVELY SPEAK+1 BECOME EV]Y?+1 & LEGISLATIVE NO?+4 ,EV5 AT PRES5T1 CAN !RE BE ANY >TICLES ( GREAT] IMPORTANCE ?AN ?OSE ( PEACE & W>1 TAXATION & ! SELECTION ( PROP] P]IODS = ! MEET+ ( DELIB]ATIVE ASSEMBLIES1 :I*1 AS WAS OBS]V$ 9 ! COMM5CEM5T ( ! PRES5T BOOK1 >E >TICLES ( TEMPOR>Y REGULATION8#a ,IS IT DEC5T1 CAN IT BE JU/1 ?AT !SE PR]OGATIVES %\LD BE EX]CIS$ BY ANY P[] LESS ?AN ! SUPREME1 OR BE DECID$ BY ANY AU?ORITY BUT ?AT :I* MO/ ADEQUATELY REPRES5TS ! VOICE ( ! NATION8 ,?IS PR9CIPLE \<T1 BEYOND QUE/ION1 TO BE EXT5D$ UNIV]SALLY4 ,!RE CAN BE NO JU/ REASON = EXCLUD+ ! NATIONAL REPRES5TATIVE FROM ! EX]CISE ( ANY FUNCTION1 ! EX]CISE ( :I*1 ON ! P>T ( ! SOCIETY1 IS1 9 ANY CASE1 NECESS>Y4 

,! FUNCTIONS !RE=E ( M9I/]S & MAGI/RATES1 COMMONLY SO CALL$1 DO NOT RELATE TO ANY P>TICUL> TOPIC RESPECT+ :I* !Y HAVE A RI<T EXCLUSIVE ( ! REPRES5TATIVE ASSEMBLY4 ,!Y DO NOT RELATE TO ANY SUPPOS$ NECESSITY = SECRECY2 = SECRECY1 9 POLITICAL AFFAIRS1 AS WE HAVE HAD OCCASION TO P]CEIVE1#b IS R>ELY SALUT>Y OR WISE2 & SECRETS ( /ATE WILL COMMONLY HE F\ND TO CONSI/ ( ?AT SPECIES ( 9=MATION RELATIVE TO ! 9T]E/S ( A SOCIETY1 RESPECT+ :I* ! *IEF ANXIETY ( ITS DEPOSIT>IES IS ?AT IT %\LD BE CONCEAL$ FROM ! MEMB]S ( ?AT SOCIETY4 ,IT IS ! DUTY ( ! ASSEMBLY TO DESIRE 9=MATION )\T RES]VE1 = !MSELVES & ! PUBLIC1 UPON EV]Y SUBJECT ( G5]AL IMPORTANCE2 & IT IS ! DUTY ( M9I/]S & O!RS TO COMMUNICATE SU* 9=MATION1 ?\< IT %\LD NOT BE EXPRESSLY DESIR$4 ,! UTILITY !RE=E ( M9I/]IAL FUNCTIONS BE+1 9 A MAJORITY ( 9/ANCES1 LESS ?AN NO?+ 9 !SE RESPECTS1 !RE >E ONLY TWO CLASSES ( UTILITY ?AT REMA9 TO !M2 P>TICUL> FUNCTIONS1 SU* AS ?OSE ( F9ANCIAL DETAIL OR M9UTE SUP]9T5D5CE1 :I* CANNOT BE EX]CIS$ UNLESS BY ONE OR A SMALL NUMB] ( P]SONS2#c & MEASURES PROPORTION$ TO ! DEM& ( ?OSE NECESSITIES :I* WILL NOT ADMIT ( DELAY1 & SUBJECT TO ! REVISION & C5SURE ( ! DELIB]ATIVE ASSEMBLY4 ,! LATT] ( !SE CLASSES WILL P]PETUALLY DIM9I% AS M5 ADVANCE 9 IMPROVEM5T2 NOR CAN ANY?+ POLITICALLY BE ( GREAT] IMPORTANCE ?AN ! R$UCTION ( ?AT DISCRETION>Y P[] 9 AN 9DIVIDUAL :I* MAY GREATLY AFFECT ! 9T]E/S1 OR FETT] ! DELIB]ATIONS ( ! MANY4 

,FOOTNOTES 

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#b,*AP4 ,X,V,I,I,I1 P4 #e#a#i2 ,*AP4 ,X,X1 P4 #e#c#a4 

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,FROM 3 ,AN>*Y ,>*IVES4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,NOVEMB] #c1 #agib 3 ,BOOK #e1 ,*APT] #ba -- ,PUBLICATION4 
,JANU>Y #b#f1 #bag 3 ,BOOK #e1 ,*APT] #ba -- ,ADD$4 

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