,BOOK #g1 ,*APT] #f 
,SCALE ( ,PUNI%M5T 

#agicagic 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,WILLIAM ,GODW9 

,TEXT 3 

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 ,ITS SPH]E DESCRIB$4 - ITS SEV]AL CLASSES4 - 
 ,DEA? ) TORTURE4 - ,DEA? ABSOLUTELY4 - 
 ,ORIG9 ( ?IS POLICY - 9 ! CORRUPTNESS (  
 POLITICAL 9/ITUTIONS - 9 ! 9HUMANITY (  
 ! 9/ITUT]S4 - ,CORPORAL PUNI%M5T4 - ,ITS  
 ABSURDITY4 - ITS ATROCI\SNESS4 - ,PRIVATION (  
 FRE$OM4 ,DUTY ( RE=M+ \R NEI<BOR  
 AN 9F]IOR CONSID]ATION 9 ?IS CASE4 - ,ITS  
 PLACES DESCRIB$4 - ,MODES ( RE/RA9T1 - ,9DIS- 
 CRIM9ATE IMPRISONM5T4 - ,SOLIT>Y IMPRISON- 
 M5T4 - ,ITS SEV]ITY - ,ITS MORAL EFFECTS4 - 
 ,SLAV]Y4 - ,BANI%M5T4 - #a4,SIMPLE BANI%M5T4  
 - #b4,TRANSPORTATION4 - #c4 ,COLONIZATION4 - ,?IS  
 PROJECT HAS MISC>RI$ FROM UNK9DNESS - FROM  
 (FICI\SNESS4 - ,ITS P]MAN5T EVILS1 - ,RECAPITU- 
        LATION4 

  

,I,T IS TIME TO PROCE$ TO ! CONSID]ATION ( C]TA9 9F]5CES ?AT MAY BE D$UC$ FROM ! !ORY ( PUNI%M5T :I* HAS N[ BE5 DELIV]$2 NOR CAN ANY?+ BE ( GREAT] IMPORTANCE ?AN !SE 9F]5CES WILL BE F\ND1 TO ! VIRTUE1 ! HAPP9ESS & IMPROVEM5T ( MANK9D4 

,&1 FIR/1 IT EVID5TLY FOLL[S ?AT PUNI%M5T IS AN ACT ( PA9FUL NECESSITY1 9CONSI/5T ) ! TRUE *>ACT] & G5IUS ( M9D1 ! PRACTICE ( :I* IS TEMPOR>ILY IMPOS$ UPON US BY ! CORRUPTION & IGNORANCE ?AT REIGN AMONG MANK9D4 ,NO?+ CAN BE MORE ABSURD ?AN TO LOOK TO IT AS A S\RCE ( IMPROVEM5T4 ,IT CONTRIBUTES TO ! G5]ATION ( EXCELL5CE1 JU/ AS ! KEEP] ( ! C\RSE CONTRIBUTES TO ! FLEETNESS ( ! RACE4 ,NO?+ CAN BE MORE UNJU/ ?AN TO HAVE REC\RSE TO IT1 BUT UPON ! MO/ UNQUE/IONABLE EM]G5CY4 ,9/EAD ( MULTIPLY+ OCCASIONS ( CO]CION1 & APPLY+ IT AS ! REM$Y ( EV]Y MORAL EVIL1 ! TRUE POLITICIAN WILL ANXI\SLY CONF9E IT )9 ! N>R[E/ LIMITS1 & P]PETUALLY SEEK TO DIM9I% ! OCCASIONS ( ITS EMPLOYM5T4 ,!RE IS BUT ONE REASON :I* CAN1 9 ANY CASE1 BE ADMITT$ AS ITS APOLOGY1 & ?AT IS :]E ! ALL[+ ! (F5D] TO BE AT L>GE %ALL BE NOTORI\SLY HAZ>D\S TO PUBLIC SECURITY4 

,SECONDLY1 ! CONSID]ATION ( RE/RA9T AS ! ONLY JU/IFIABLE GR\ND ( PUNI%M5T WILL FURNI% US ) A SIMPLE & SATISFACTORY CRIT]ION BY :I* TO MEASURE ! JU/ICE ( ! SUFF]+ 9FLICT$4 

,! 9FLICTION ( A L+]+ & TORM5T+ DEA? CANNOT BE V9DICAT$ UPON ?IS HYPO!SIS2 = SU* 9FLICTION CAN ONLY BE DICTAT$ BY S5TIM5TS ( RES5TM5T ON ! ONE H&1 OR BY ! DESIRE TO EXHIBIT A T]RIBLE EXAMPLE ON ! O!R4 

,TO DEPRIVE AN (F5D] ( HIS LIFE 9 ANY MANN] WILL APPE> TO BE UNJU/1 AS IT SEEMS ALWAYS SUFFICI5TLY PRACTICABLE1 )\T ?IS1 TO PREV5T HIM FROM FUR!R (F5SE4 ,PRIVATION ( LIFE1 ?\< BY NO MEANS ! GREATE/ 9JURY ?AT CAN BE 9FLICT$1 MU/ ALWAYS BE CONSID]$ AS A V]Y S]I\S 9JURY2 S9CE IT PUTS A P]PETUAL CLOSE UPON ! PROSPECTS ( ! SUFF]] AS TO ALL ! 5JOYM5TS1 ! VIRTUES & ! EXCELL5CE ( A HUMAN BE+4 

,9 ! /ORY ( ?OSE :OM ! M]CILESS LAWS ( ,EUROPE DOOM TO DE/RUCTION1 WE SOMETIMES MEET ) P]SONS :O1 SUBSEQU5TLY TO !IR (F5SE1 HAVE SUCCE$$ TO A PL5TIFUL 9H]ITANCE1 OR :O = SOME O!R REASON APPE> TO HAVE HAD ! FAIRE/ PROSPECTS ( TRANQUILITY & HAPP9ESS OP5$ UPON !M4 ,!IR /ORY1 ) A LITTLE ACCOMMODATION1 MAY BE CONSID]$ AS ! /ORY ( EV]Y (F5D]4 ,IF !RE BE ANY MAN :OM IT MAY BE NECESS>Y1 = ! SAFETY ( ! :OLE1 TO PUT UND] RE/RA9T1 ?IS CIRCUM/ANCE IS A P[]FUL PLEA TO ! HUMANITY & JU/ICE ( ?OSE :O CONDUCT ! AFFAIRS ( ! COMMUNITY1 9 HIS BEHALF4 ,?IS IS ! MAN :O MO/ /&S 9 NE$ ( !IR ASSI/ANCE4 ,IF !Y TREAT$ HIM ) K9DNESS1 9/EAD ( SUP]CILI\S & UNFEEL+ NEGLECT1 IF !Y MADE HIM UND]/& ) H[ MU* RELUCTANCE !Y HAD BE5 9DUC$ TO EMPLOY ! =CE ( ! SOCIETY AGA9/ HIM1 IF !Y REPRES5T$ ! TRUE /ATE ( ! CASE ) CALMNESS1 P]SPICUITY & B5EVOL5CE TO HIS M9D1 IF !Y EMPLOY$ ?OSE PRECAUTIONS :I* AN HUMANE DISPOSITION W\LD NOT FAIL TO SUGGE/1 TO KEEP FROM HIM ! MOTIVES ( CORRUPTION & OB/9ACY1 HIS RE=MATION W\LD BE ALMO/ 9FALLIBLE4 ,!SE >E ! PROSPECTS TO :I* HIS WANTS & HIS MIS=TUNES P[]FULLY 5TITLE HIM2 & IT IS FROM !SE PROSPECTS ?AT ! H& ( ! EXECUTION] CUTS HIM (F = EV]4 

,IT IS A MI/AKE TO SUPPOSE ?AT ?IS TREATM5T ( CRIM9ALS T5DS TO MULTIPLY CRIMES4 ,ON ! CONTR>Y1 FEW M5 W\LD 5T] UPON A C\RSE ( VIOL5CE ) ! C]TA9TY ( BE+ OBLIG$1 BY A SL[ & PATI5T PROCESS1 TO AMPUTATE !IR ]RORS4 ,IT IS ! UNC]TA9TY ( PUNI%M5T UND] ! EXI/+ =MS ?AT MULTIPLIES CRIMES4 ,REMOVE ?IS UNC]TA9TY1 & IT W\LD BE AS REASONABLE TO EXPECT ?AT A MAN W\LD WILLFULLY BREAK HIS LEG1 = ! SAKE ( BE+ CUR$ BY A SKILLFUL SURGEON4 ,:ATEV] G5TL5ESS ! 9TELLECTUAL PHYSICIAN MAY DISPLAY1 IT IS NOT TO BE BELIEV$ ?AT M5 CAN P>T ) ROOT$ HABITS ( 9JU/ICE & VISE )\T CONSID]ABLE PA94 

,! TRUE REASONS 9 CONSEQU5CE ( :I* !SE =LORN & DES]T$ MEMB]S ( ! COMMUNITY >E BR\<T TO AN IGNOM9I\S DEA? >E1 FIR/1 ! PECULI> 9IQUITY ( ! CIVIL 9/ITUTIONS ( ?AT COMMUNITY1 &1 SECONDLY1 ! SUP95ESS & APA?Y ( !IR SUP]IORS4 ,9 REPUBLICAN & SIMPLE =MS ( GOV]NM5T1 PUNI%M5TS >E R>E1 & ! PUNI%M5T ( DEA? ALMO/ UNKN[N4 ,ON ! O!R H&1 ! MORE !RE IS 9 ANY C\NTRY ( 9EQUALITY & OPPRESSION1 ! MORE PUNI%M5TS >E MULTIPLI$4 ,! MORE ! 9/ITUTIONS ( SOCIETY CONTRADICT ! G5U9E S5TIM5TS ( ! HUMAN M9D1 ! MORE SEV]ELY IS IT NECESS>Y TO AV5GE !IR VIOLATION44 ,AT ! SAME TIME ! RI* & TITL$ MEMB]S ( ! COMMUNITY1 PR\D ( !IR FANCI$ EM95CE1 BEHOLD1 ) TOTAL UNCONC]N1 ! DE/RUCTION ( ! DE/ITUTE & ! WRET*$1 DISDA9+ TO RECOLLECT ?AT1 IF !RE BE ANY 9TR9SIC DIFF]5CE BETWE5 !M1 IT IS ! (FSPR+ ( !IR DIFF]5T CIRCUM/ANCES1 & ?AT ! MAN :OM !Y N[ SO MU* DESPISE MI<T HAVE BE5 F\ND AS ACCOMPLI%$ & SUSCEPTIBLE AS !Y IF LIE HAD ONLY *ANG$ SITUATIONS4 ,:5 WE BEHOLD A COMPANY ( POOR WRET*ES BR\<T \T = EXECUTION1 REFLECTION WILL PRES5T TO \R AFFRI<T$ FANCY ALL ! HOPES & POSSIBILITIES :I* >E ?US BRUTALLY EXT+UI%$1 ! G5IUS1 ! D>+ 9V5TION1 ! UN%R9K+ FIRMNESS1 ! T5D] *>ITIES & >D5T B5EVOL5CE1 :I* HAVE OCCASIONALLY1 UND] ?IS SY/EM1 BE5 SACRIFIC$1 AT ! %R9E ( TORPID LUXURY & UNREL5T+ AV>ICE4 

,! SPECIES ( SUFF]+ COMMONLY KN[N BY ! APPELLATION ( CORPORAL PUNI%M5T IS ALSO PROSCRIB$ BY ! SY/EM ABOVE E/ABLI%$4 ,CORPORAL PUNI%M5T1 UNLESS SO F> AS IT IS 9T5D$ = EXAMPLE1 APPE>S1 9 ONE RESPECT1 9 A V]Y LUDICR\S PO9T ( VIEW4 ,IT IS AN EXP$ITI\S MODE ( PROCE$+ :I* HAS BE5 9V5T$ 9 ORD] TO COMPRESS ! EFFECT ( MU* REASON+ & LONG CONF9EM5T1 ?AT MI<T O!RWISE HAVE BE5 NECESS>Y1 9TO A V]Y %ORT COMPASS4 ,9 ANO!R VIEW1 IT IS DIFFICULT TO EXPRESS ! ABHORR5CE IT \<T TO CREATE4 ,! G5U9E PROP5SITY ( MAN IS TO V5]ATE M9D 9 HIS FELL[ MAN4 ,) :AT DELI<T DO WE CONTEMPLATE ! PROGRESS ( 9TELLECT1 ITS EF=TS = ! DISCOV]Y ( TRU?1 ! H>VE/ ( VIRTUE ?AT SPR+S UP UND] ! G5IAL 9FLU5CE ( 9/RUCTION1 ! WISDOM ?AT IS G5]AT$ ?R\< ! M$IUM ( UNRE/RICT$ COMMUNICATION8 ,H[ COMPLETELY DO VIOL5CE & CORPORAL 9FLICTION REV]SE ! SC5E8 ,FROM ?IS MOM5T1 ALL ! :OLESOME AV5UES ( M9D >E CLOS$1 &1 ON EV]Y SIDE1 WE SEE !M GU>D$ ) A TRA9 ( DISGRACEFUL PASSIONS1 HATR$1 REV5GE1 DESPOTISM1 CRUELTY1 HYPOCRISY1 CONSPIRACY & C[>DICE4 ,MAN BECOMES ! 5EMY ( MAN2 & /RONG] >E SEIZ$ ) ! LU/ ( UNBRIDL$ DOM9ATION1 & ! WEAK] %R9K1 ) HOPELESS DISGU/1 FROM ! APPROA* ( A FELL[4 ,) :AT FEEL+S MU/ AN 5LI<T5$ OBS]V] CONTEMPLATE ! FURR[ ( A LA% IMPR9T$ UPON ! BODY ( A MAN8 ,:AT HE>T BEATS RIOT 9 UNISON ) ! SUBLIME LAW ( ANTIQUITY1 ',?\ %ALT NOT 9FLICT /RIPES UPON ! BODY ( A ,ROMAN8' ,!RE IS BUT ONE ALT]NATIVE 9 ?IS CASE1 ON ! P>T ( ! SUFF]]4 ,EI!R HIS M9D MU/ BE SUBDU$ BY ! >BITR>Y DICTATES ( ! SUP]IOR 7= TO HIM ALL IS >BITR>Y ?AT DOES NOT /& APPROV$ TO ! JUDGM5T ( HIS [N UND]/&+72 HE WILL BE GOV]N$ BY SOME?+ ?AT IS NOT REASON1 & A%AM$ ( SOME?+ ?AT IS NOT DISGRACE2 OR ELSE EV]Y PANG HE 5DURES WILL EXCITE ! HONE/ 9DIGNATION ( HIS HE>T1 & FIX ! CLE> DISAPPROBATION ( HIS 9TELLECT1 WILL PRODUCE CONTEMPT & ALI5ATION AGA9/ HIS PUNI%]4 

,! JU/ICE ( PUNI%M5T IS BUILT UPON ?IS SIMPLE PR9CIPLE3 ,EV]Y MAN IS B\ND TO EMPLOY SU* MEANS AS %ALL SUGGE/ !MSELVES = PREV5T+ EVILS SUBV]SIVE ( G5]AL SECURITY1 IT BE+ FIR/ ASC]TA9$1 EI!R BY EXP]I5CE OR REASON+1 ?AT ALL MILD] ME?ODS >E 9ADEQUATE TO ! EXIG5CY ( ! CASE4 ,! CONCLUSION FROM ?IS PR9CIPLE IS ?AT WE >E B\ND1 UND] C]TA9 URG5T CIRCUM/ANCES1 TO DEPRIVE ! (F5D] ( ! LIB]TY HE HAS ABUS$4 ,FUR!R ?AN ?IS P]HAPS NO CIRCUM/ANCE CAN AU?ORIZE US4 ,HE :OSE P]SON IS IMPRISON$ 7IF ?AT IS ! RI<T K9D ( SECLUSION7 CANNOT 9T]RUPT ! PEACE ( HIS FELL[S2 & ! 9FLICTION ( FUR!R EVIL1 :5 HIS P[] TO 9JURE IS REMOV$1 IS ! WILD & UNAU?ORIZ$ DICTATE ( V5GEANCE & RAGE1 ! WANTON SPORT ( UNQUE/ION$ SUP]IORITY4 

,:5 9DE$ ! P]SON ( ! (F5D] HAS BE5 FIR/ SEIZ$1 !RE IS A FUR!R DUTY 9CUMB5T ON HIS PUNI%]1 ! DUTY ( 5DEAVOR+ HIS RE=M4 ,BUT ?IS MAKES NO P>T ( ! DIRECT CONSID]ATION4 ',! DUTY ( EV]Y MAN TO CONTRIBUTE TO ! 9TELLECTUAL HEAL? ( HIS NEI<BOR IS ( G5]AL APPLICATION4 ,BESIDE :I* IT IS PROP] TO RECOLLECT1 :AT HAS BE5 ALREADY PROV$1 ?AT CO]CION ( NO SORT IS AMONG ! LEGITIMATE MEANS ( RE=MATION4 ,RE/RA9 ! (F5D] AS LONG AS ! SAFETY ( ! COMMUNITY PRESCRIBES IT1 = ?IS IS JU/4 ,RE/RA9 HIM NOT AIL 9/ANT FROM A SIMPLE VIEW TO HIS [N IMPROVEM5T1 = ?IS IS CONTR>Y TO REASON & MORALITY4 

,MEAN:ILE1 !RE IS ONE CIRCUM/ANCE BY MEANS ( :I* RE/RA9T & RE=MATION >E CLOSELY CONNECT$4 ,! P]SON ( ! (F5D] IS TO BE RE/RA9$ AS LONG AS ! PUBLIC SAFETY W\LD BE 5DANG]$ BY HIS LIB]ATION4 ,BUT ! PUBLIC SAFETY WILL CEASE TO BE 5DANG]$ AS SOON AS HIS PROP5SITIES & DISPOSITIONS HAVE UND]GONE A *ANGE4 ,! CONNECTION :I* ?US RESULTS FROM ! NATURE ( ?+S R5D]S IT NECESS>Y ?AT1 9 DECID+ UPON ! SPECIES ( RE/RA9T TO BE IMPOS$1 !SE CIRCUM/ANCES BE CONSID]$ JO9TLY1 H[ ! P]SONAL LIB]TY ( ! (F5D] MAY BE LEA/ 5TR5*$ UPON1 & H[ HIS RE=MATION MAY BE BE/ PROMOT$4 

,! MO/ COMMON ME?OD PURSU$ 9 DEPRIV+ ! (F5D] ( ! LIB]TY HE HAS ABUS$ IS TO ]ECT A PUBLIC JAIL1 9 :I* (F5D]S ( EV]Y DESCRIPTION >E ?RU/ TOGE!R1 & LEFT TO =M AMONG !MSELVES :AT SPECIES ( SOCIETY !Y CAN4 ,V>I\S CIRCUM/ANCES CONTRIBUTE TO IMBUE ,!M ) HABITS ( 9DOL5CE & VISE1 & TO DISC\RAGE 9DU/RY2 & NO EF=T IS MADE TO REMOVE OR S(T5 !SE CIRCUM/ANCES4 ,IT CANNOT BE NECESS>Y TO EXPATIATE UPON ! ATROCI\SNESS ( ?IS SY/EM4 JAILS >E1 TO A PROV]B1 SEM9>IES ( VISE2 & HE MU/ BE AN UNCOMMON PR(ICI5T 9 ! PASSION & ! PRACTICE ( 9JU/ICE1 OR A MAN ( SUBLIME VIRTUE1 :O DOES NOT COME \T ( !M A MU* WORSE MAN ?AN HE 5T]$4 

,AN ACTIVE OBS]V] ( MANK9D1#a ) ! PURE/ 9T5TIONS1 & :O HAD PAID A S+UL> ATT5TION TO ?IS SUBJECT1 WAS /RUCK ) ! MIS*IEV\S T5D5CY ( ! REIGN+ SY/EM1 & CALL$ ! ATT5TION ( ! PUBLIC TO A S*EME ( SOLIT>Y IMPRISONM5T4 ,BUT ?IS1 ?\< FREE FROM ! DEFECTS ( ! E/ABLI%$ MODE1 IS LIABLE TO V]Y WEI<TY OBJECTIONS4 

,IT MU/ /RIKE EV]Y REFLECT+ M9D AS UNCOMMONLY TYRANNICAL & SEV]E4 ,IT CANNOT !RE=E BE ADMITT$ 9TO ! SY/EM ( MILD CO]CION :I* =MS ! TOPIC ( \R 9QUIRY4 ,MAN IS A SOCIAL ANIMAL4 ,H[ F> HE IS NECESS>ILY SO WILL APPE> IF WE CONSID] ! SUM ( ADVANTAGES RESULT+ FROM ! SOCIAL1 & ( :I* LIE W\LD BE DEPRIV$ 9 ! SOLIT>Y /ATE4 ,BUT1 9DEP5D5TLY ( HIS ORIG9AL /RUCTURE1 LIE IS EM95TLY SOCIAL BY HIS HABITS4 ,WILL Y\ DEPRIVE ! MAN Y\ IMPRISON ( PAP] & BOOKS1 ( TOOLS & AMUSEM5TS8 ,ONE ( ! >GUM5TS 9 FAVOR ( SOLIT>Y IMPRISONM5T IS ?AT IT IS NECESS>Y ! (F5D] %\LD BE CALL$ (F FROM WRONG HABITS ( ?9K+1 & OBLIG$ TO C5T] 9TO HIMSELF4 ,= ?IS ! ADVOCATES ( SOLIT>Y IMPRISONM5T PROBABLY BELIEVE WILL BE MO/ EFFECTUALLY DONE ! FEW] BE ! AVOCATIONS ( ! PRISON]4 ,BUT LET US SUPPOSE TRAC] LIE IS 9DULG$ 9 !SE P>TICUL>S1 & ONLY DEPRIV$ ( SOCIETY4 ,H[ MANY M5 >E !RE ?AT CAN D]IVE AMUSEM5T FROM BOOKS' ,WE >E1 9 ?IS RESPECT1 ! CREATURES ( HABIT1 & IT IS SC>CELY TO BE EXPECT$ FROM ORD9>Y M5 ?AT !Y %\LD MOLD !MSELVES TO ANY SPECIES ( EMPLOYM5T TO :I* 9 !IR Y\? !Y W]E /RANG]S4 ,BUT HE ?AT IS MO/ FOND ( /UDY HAS HIS MOM5TS :5 /UDY PLEASES NO LONG]4 ,! S\L YE>NS1 ) 9EXPLICABLE LONG+S1 = ! SOCIETY ( ITS LIKE4 ,BECAUSE ! PUBLIC SAFETY UNWILL+LY COMM&S ! CONF9EM5T ( AN (F5D]1 MU/ HE = ?AT REASON NEV] LI<T UP HIS C\NT5ANCE ) A SMILE8 ,:O CAN TELL ! SUFF]+S ( HIM :O IS CONDEMN$ TO UN9T]RUPT$ SOLITUDE8 ,:O CAN TELL ?AT ?IS IS NOT1 TO ! MAJORITY ( MANK9D1 ! BITT]E/ TORM5T ?AT HUMAN +5UITY CAN 9FLICT8 ,A M9D SUFFICI5TLY SUBLIME MI<T P]HAPS CONQU] ?IS 9CONV5I5CE3 BUT ! P[]S ( SU* A M9D DO NOT 5T] 9TO ! PRES5T QUE/ION4 

,FROM ! EXAM9ATION ( SOLIT>Y IMPRISONM5T1 9 ITSELF CONSID]$1 WE >E NATURALLY L$ TO 9QUIRE 9TO ITS REAL T5D5CY AS TO ! >TICLE ( RE=MATION4 ,TO BE VIRTU\S1 IT IS REQUISITE ?AT WE %\LD CONSID] M51 & !IR RELATION TO EA* O!R4 ,AS A PRELIM9>Y TO ?IS /UDY1 IS IT NECESS>Y ?AT WE %\LD HE %UT \T FROM ! SOCIETY ( M58 ,%ALL WE BE MO/ EFFECTUALLY =M$ TO JU/ICE1 B5EVOL5CE & PRUD5CE 9 \R 9T]C\RSE ) EA* O!R1 9 A /ATE ( SOLITUDE4 ,WILL NOT \R SELFI% & UNSOCIAL DISPOSITIONS BE P]PETUALLY 9CREAS$8 ,:AT TEMPTATION HAS HE TO ?9K ( B5EVOL5CE OR JU/ICE1 :O HAS NO OPPORTUNITY TO EX]CISE IT8 ,! TRUE SOIL 9 :I* ATROCI\S CRIMES >E F\ND TO G]M9ATE IS A GLOOMY & MOROSE DISPOSITION4 ,WILL ITS HE>T BECOME MU* EI!R S(T5$ OR EXP&$1 :O BREA!S ! ATMOSPH]E ( A DUNGEON8 ,SURELY IT W\LD BE BETT] 9 ?IS RESPECT TO IMITATE ! SY/EM ( ! UNIV]SE1 &1 IF WE W\LD TEA* JU/ICE & HUMANITY1 TRANSPLANT ?OSE :O WE W\LD TEA* 9TO A SIMPLE & REASONABLE /ATE ( SOCIETY4 ,SOLITUDE1 ABSOLUTELY1 CONSID]$1 MAY 9/IGATE ITS TO S]VE \RSELVES1 BUT NOT TO S]VE \R NEI<BORS4 ,SOLITUDE1 IMPOS$ UND] TOO FEW LIMITATIONS1 MAY BE A NURS]Y = MADM5 & IDIOTS1 BUT NOT = USEFUL MEMB]S ( SOCIETY4 ,ANO!R IDEA :I* HAS SUGGE/$ ITSELF ) REG>D TO ! REMOVAL ( (F5D]S FROM ! COMMUNITY !Y HAVE 9JUR$ IS ?AT ( R$UC+ !M TO A /ATE ( SLAV]Y OR H>D LABOR4 ,! TRUE REFUTATION ( ?IS SY/EM IS ANTICIPAT$ 9 :AT HAS BE5 ALREADY SAID4 ,TO ! SAFETY ( ! COMMUNITY IT IS UNNECESS>Y4 ,AS A MEANS TO ! RE=MATION ( ! (F5D]4 IT IS 9EXPRESSIBLY ILLCONCEIV$4 ,MAN IS AN 9TELLECTUAL BE+4 ,!RE IS NO WAY TO MAKE HIM VIRTU\S BUT 9 CALL+ =? HIS 9TELLECTUAL P[]S4 ,!RE IS NO WAY TO MAKE HIM VIRTU\S BUT BY MAK+ HIM 9DEP5D5T4 ,HE MU/ /UDY ! LAWS ( NATURE1 & ! NECESS>Y CONSEQU5CE ( ACTIONS1 NOT ! >BITR>Y CAPRICE ( HIS SUP]IOR4 ,DO VOLT DESIRE ?AT ,I %\LD WORK8 ,DO NOT DRIVE ME TO IT ) ! :IP2 =1 IF1 BE=E1 ,I ?\<T IT BETT] TO BE IDLE1 ?IS WILL BUT 9CREASE MY ALI5ATION4 ,P]SUADE MY UND]/&+1 & R5D] IT ! SUBJECT ( MY *OICE4 ,IT CAN ONLY BE BY ! MO/ DEPLORABLE P]V]SION ( REASON ?AT WE CAN BE 9DUC$ TO BELIEVE ANY SPECIES ( SLAV]Y1 FROM ! SLAV]Y ( ! S*OOL BOY TO ?AT ( ! MO/ UN=TUNATE ,NEGRO 9 \R ,WE/ ,9DIA PLANTATIONS1 FAVORABLE TO VIRTUE4#b 

,A S*EME GREATLY PREF]ABLE TO ANY ( !SE1 & :I* HAS BE5 TRI$ UND] V>I\S =MS1 IS ?AT ( TRANSPORTATION OR BANI%M5T4 ,?IS S*EME UND] ! MO/ JUDICI\S MODIFICATIONS1 IS LIABLE TO OBJECTION4 ,IT W\LD BE /RANGE IF ANY S*EME ( CO]CION OR VIOL5CE W]E NOT SO4 ,BUTL IT HAS BE5 MADE APPE> /ILL MORE EXCEPTIONAL ?AN IT WILL BE F\ND 9 ITS 9TR9SIC NATURE BY ! CRUDE & 9COH]5T CIRCUM/ANCES ) :I* IT HAS USUALLY BE5 EXECUT$4 

,BANI%M5T 9 ITS SIMPLE =M1 ?AT IS1 A M]E PROHIBITION ( RESID5CE HAS1 AT LEA/ 9 C]TA9 AGGRAVAT$ CASES1 A /RONG APPE>ANCE ( 9JU/ICE4 ,! CITIZ5 :OSE PRES5CE WE WILL NOT 5DURE 9 \R [N C\NTRY1 WE HAVE A V]Y QUE/IONABLE RI<T TO IMPOSE UPON ANY O!R4 

,BANI%M5T HAS SOMETIMES BE5 JO9$ ) SLAVE4 ,SU* WAS ! PRACTICE ( ,GREAT ,BRITA9 PREVI\SLY TO ! DEFECTION ( H] ,AM]ICAN COLONIES4 ,?IS CANNOT /& 9 NE$ ( A SEP>ATE REFUTATION4 

,A V]Y USUAL SPECIES ( BANI%M5T IS REMOVAL TO A C\NTRY YET UNSETTL$4 ,SOME?+ MAY BE ALLEG$ 9 FAVOR ( ?IS MODE ( PROCE$+4 ,! LABOR BY :I* ! UNDISCIPL9$ M9D IS BE/ WEAN$ FROM ! VICI\S HABITS ( A CORRUPT SOCIETY IS ! LABOR1 NOT :I* IS PRESCRIB$ BY ! M&ATE ( A SUP]IOR1 BUT :I* IS IMPOS$ BY ! NECESSITY ( SUBSI/5CE1 ,! FIR/ SETTLEM5T ( ,ROME1 BY ,ROMULUS & HIS VAGABONDS1 IS A HAPPY IMAGE ( ?IS1 :E!R WE CONSID] IT AS A REAL HI/ORY1 OR AS ! +5I\S FICTION ( A WRIT] WELL ACQUA9T$ ) ! PR9CIPLES ( M9D4 ,M5 :O >E FRE$ FROM ! 9JURI\S 9/ITUTIONS ( ,EUROPEAN GOV]NM5T1 & OBLIG$ TO BEG9 ! WORLD = !MSELVES1 >E 9 ! DIRECT ROAD TO BE VIRTU\S4 

,TWO CIRCUM/ANCES HAVE HI!RTO CONTRIBUT$ TO R5D] ?IS PROJECT ABORTIVE4 ,FIR/1 ?AT ! MO!R-C\NTRY PURSUES ?IS SPECIES ( COLONY ) H] HATR$4 ,! *IEF ANXIETY IS1 9 REALITY1 TO R5D] ITS RESID5CE ODI\S & UNCOM=TABLE1 ) ! VA9 IDEA ( DET]R+ (F5D]S4 ,! *IEF ANXIETY \<T TO BE TO SMOO? !IR DIFFICULTIES1 & CONTRIBUTE TO !IR HAPP9ESS4 ,WE %\LD RECOLLECT ?AT ! COLONI/S >E M51 = :OM WE \<T TO FEEL NO S5TIM5TS BUT ?OSE ( K9DNESS & COMPASSION4 ,IF WE W]E REASONABLE1 WE %\LD REGRET ! CRUEL EXIG5CE ?AT OBLIGES US TO TREAT !M 9 A MANN] UNSUITABLE TO ! NATURE ( M9D2 & HAV+ COMPLI$ ) ! DEM& ( ?AT EXIG5CE1 WE %\LD NEXT BE ANXI\S TO CONF] UPON !M EV]Y B5EFIT 9 \R P[]4 ,BUT WE >E UNREASONABLE4 ,WE H>BOR A ?\S& SAVAGE FEEL+S ( RES5TM5T & V5GEANCE4 ,WE ?RU/ !M \T TO ! REMOTE/ CORN] ( ! WORLD4 ,WE SUBJECT !M TO P]I% BY MULTITUDES ) H>D%IP & HUNG]4 ,P]HAPS1 IF \R TREATM5T ( SU* UN=TUNATE M5 W]E SUFFICI5TLY HUMANE1 BANI%M5T TO ! ,HEBRIDES W\LD PROVE AS EFFECTUAL AS BANI%M5T TO ! ,ANTIPODES4 

,SECONDLY1 IT IS ABSOLUTELY NECESS>Y1 UPON ! PR9CIPLES H]E EXPLA9$1 ?AT !SE COLONI/S1 AFT] HAV+ BE5 SUFFICI5TLY PROVID$ 9 ! \TSET1 %\LD BE LEFT TO !MSELVES4 ,WE DO WORSE ?AN NO?+ IF WE PURSUE !M 9TO !IR OBSCURE RETREAT ) ! 9AUSPICI\S 9FLU5CE ( \R ,EUROPEAN 9/ITUTIONS4 ,:Y TR\BLE \RSELVES ) S5D+ MAGI/RATES & (FIC]S TO GOV]N & DIRECT !M8 ,DO WE SUPPOSE ?AT1 IF LEFT TO !MSELVES1 !Y W\LD UNIV]SALLY DE/ROY EA* O!R8 ,ON ! CONTR>Y1 NEW SITUATIONS MAKE NEW M9DS4 ,! WOR/ CRIM9ALS1 :5 TURN$ ADRIFT 9 A BODY1 & R$UC$ TO FEEL ! *URLI% FANG ( NECESSITY1 CONDUCT !MSELVES UPON REASONABLE PR9CIPLES1 & HAVE BE5 F\ND TO PROCE$ ) A SAGACITY & PUBLIC SPIRIT ?AT MI<T PUT ! PR\DE/ MON>*Y TO ! BLU%4 

,MEAN:ILE LET ITS NOT =GET ! 9H]5T VISES ( PUNI%M5T1 :I* PRES5T !MSELVES FROM :ATEV] PO9T FROM :I* ! SUBJECT IS VIEW$4 ,COLONIZATION MAY BE ?\<T ! MO/ ELIGIBLE ( ?OSE EXP$I5TS :I* HAVE BE5 /AT$1 BUT IT IS ATT5D$ ) CONSID]ABLE DIFFICULTIES4 ,! COMMUNITY JUDGES ( A C]TA9 9DIVIDUAL ?AT HIS RESID5CE CANNOT BE TOL]AT$ AMONG !M CONSI/5TLY )7 ! G5]AL SAFETY4 ,9 D5Y+ HIM HIS *OICE AMONG O!R COMMUNITIES DO !Y NOT EXCE$ !IR COMMISSION8 ,:AT TREATM5T %ALL BE AW>D$ HIM IF HE RETURN FROM ! BANI%M5T TO :I* HE WAS S5T5C$8 -- ,!SE DIFFICULTIES 7& MANY O!RS MI<T BE SUBJO9$ TO !SE7 >E CALCULAT$ TO BR+ BACK ! M9D TO ! ABSOLUTE 9JU/ICE ( PUNI%M5T1 & TO R5D] US 9EXPRESSIBLY ANXI\S = ! P]IOD AT :I* IT %ALL BE ABOLI%$4 

,TO CONCLUDE1! OBS]VATIONS ( ?IS *APT] >E RELATIVE TO A !ORY :I* AFFIRM$ ?AT IT MI<T BE ! DUTY ( 9DIVIDUALS1 BUT NEV] ( COMMUNITIES1 TO EX]T A C]TA9 SPECIES ( POLITICAL CO]CION2 & :I* F\ND$ ?IS DUTY UPON A CONSID]ATION ( ! B5EFITS ( PUBLIC SECURITY4 ,UND] !SE CIRCUM/ANCES !N1 EV]Y 9DIVIDUAL IS B\ND TO JUDGE = HIMSELF1 & TO YIELD HIS C\NT5ANCE TO NO O!R CO]CION ?AN ?AT :I* IS 9DISPESABLY NECESS>Y4 ,HE WILL1 NO D\BT1 5DEAVOR TO MELIORATE ?OSE 9/ITUTIONS1 ) :I* HE CANNOT PREVAIL UPON HIS C\NTRYM5 TO P>T4 ,HE WILL DECL9E ALL CONC]N 9 ! EXECUTION ( SU*1 AS ABUSE ! PLEA ( PUBLIC SECURITY TO ATROCI\S PURPOSES4 ,LAWS MAY EASILY BE F\ND 9 ALMO/ EV]Y CODE :I*1 ON ACC\NT ( ! 9IQUITY ( !IR PROVISIONS1 >E SUFF]$ TO FALL 9TO DISUSE BY G5]AL CONS5T4 ,EV]Y LOV] ( JU/ICE WILL1 9 ?IS WAY1 CONTRIBUTE TO ! REPEAL ( LAWS ?AT WANTONLY USURP UPON ! 9DEP5D5CE ( MANK9D1 :E!R BY ! MULTIPLICITY ( !IR RE/RICTIONS1 OR ! SEV]ITY ( !IR SANCTIONS4 

,FOOTNOTES 

#a,MR ,H[>D4#c#g 

#b,! 9/ITUTION ( P]SONAL SLAV]Y HAS1 )9 A FEW YE>S1 MADE A CONSID]ABLE PROGRESS 9 ! ISL& ( ,GREAT ,BRITA9 4 ,! FIR/ /EP WAS ?AT ( S5D+ CRIM9ALS1 :OSE GUILT WAS ( AN 9F]IOR DESCRIPTION1 TO RAISE BALLA/ FROM ! B$ ( ! ,?AMES4 ,! SECOND /EP1 MORE S]I\S 9 ITS NATURE1 APPE>S TO HAVE RESULT$ FROM ! WELL 9T5D$1 BUT MISGUID$1 PHILAN?ROPY ( ,MR4 ,H[>D4 ,?IS CONSI/$ 9 ! ]ECT+ JAILS ( SOLIT>Y CONF9EM5T 9 V>I\S P>TS ( ! C\NTRY4 ,! PRISON]S 9 !SE JAILS SP5D A L>GE PROPORTION ( !IR TIME %UT TIP 9 SIL5T & DRE>Y CELLS1 LIKE SO MANY MADM54 ,! RE/ ( !IR TIME IS EMPLOY$ 9 :AT IS CALL$ H>D LABOR1 UND] ! 9SPECTION ( C]TA9 IGNORANT & 9SOL5T TASK-MA/]S4 ,IT IS ASS]T$ ?AT1 9 ONE ( !SE JAILS 7,CL]K5WELL ,NEW ,PRISON71 ITS UN=TUNATE T5ANTS >E 5GAG$ = FIVE H\RS 9 EA* DAY 9 TRUNDL+ A :EEL-B>R[ R\ND 9 A CIRCLE4 ,! CRUELTY ( ?IS ,OPPOSITION IS 9EXPRESSIBLY HEI<T5$ BY ITS IMPRUD5T LAWLESSNESS1 ,FRONT ?IS 9/ANCE WE MAY P]CEIVE ?AT ! 9V5TIV5ESS ( TYRANNY DID NOT P]I% ) ! RACE ( ,DIONYSII4 ,CASES ( ?IS SORT IT IS \R DUTY1 AS CITIZ5S1 TO NOTICE1 ?AT ! *ANCE ( !IR EXI/+ )\T ! KN[L$GE ( ?OSE TO :OSE PROV9CE !IR SUP]9T5D5CE BELONGS MAY BE REMOV$4 

,FROM 3 ,AN>*Y ,>*IVES4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,NOVEMB] #c1 #agib 3 ,BOOK #g1 ,*APT] #f -- ,PUBLICATION4 
,JANU>Y #b#g1 #bag 3 ,BOOK #g1 ,*APT] #f -- ,ADD$4 

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