,AN>*ISM & ,SURREALISM 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,AN>*I/ ,F$]ATION 

,TEXT 3 

,9 ! FOLL[+ >TICLE1 AS P>T ( \R REGUL> ONGO+ S]IES ON CULTURE WE LOOK AT ! L9KS BETWE5 ,SURREALISM & ,AN>*ISM4 ,IT'S NOTICEABLE H[ B\RGEOIS WRIT]S WRIT+ AB\T ,SURREALISM PLAY D[N ! POLITICS4 ,= EXAMPLE 9 ! MASSIVE BOOK ON ,BRETON1 ,REVOLUTION & ! ,M9D3 ,! ,LIFE ( ,&RE ,BRETON ! AU?OR ,M>K ,POLIZZOTTI PASSES OV] ! L9KS BEWE5 ,SURREALISM & ,AN>*ISM 9 A C\PLE ( S5T5CES 4 ,?IS DESPITE ! SIGNAL DEVOTION ( ,BRETON 9 %[+ SOLID>ITY1 AS ONE ( A FEW 9TELLECTUALS TO SUPPORT ! LIB]T>IAN MOVEM5T 9 A P]IOD ( REPRESSION4 & DESPITE ! FACT ?AT ! ,SURREALI/S WROTE A WEEKLY COLUMN = ,LE ,LIB]TAIRE1 A PAP] ) NOT AN 9CONSID]ABLE READ]%IP4 

0,IT WAS 9 ! BLACK MIRROR ( AN>*ISM ?AT SURREALISM FIR/ RECOGNIZ$ ITSELF40,?US WROTE UNEQUIVOCALLY ! 0,POPE ( ,SURREALISM0 ,&RE ,BRETON 9 #a#i#e#b4 ,BRETON HAD RETURN$ TO ,FRANCE 9 #aidg & 9 ,APRIL ( ?AT YE> ,&RE ,JULI5 WELCOM$ HIS RETURN 9 ! PAGES ( ,LE ,LIB]TAIRE ! WEEKLY PAP] ( ! ,F$]ATION ,AN>*I/E4 

,BUT :Y HAD NOT ! ,SURREALI/S ASSOCIAT$ !MSELVES BE=E #aidg ) ! IDEAS ( REVOLUTION>Y AN>*ISM8 ,?IS RADICAL >T MOVEM5T :I* HAD A FI]CE HATR$ ( AU?ORITY & RELIGION WAS A NATURAL ALLY4 ,9DE$ ! >T MOVEM5T ( ,DADA1 9 MANY WAYS A PRECURSOR & 9FLU5CE ON SURREALISM1 HAD EM]G$ 9 ,ZURI* 9 #aiaf AS A REACTION TO ! SAVAG]Y & SLAU<T] ( ! ,WORLD ,W>4 ,BRETON HIMSELF WAS 9FLU5C$ BY ! POET ,JACQUES ,VA*E :OM HE MET 9 #a#i#a#i4 ,BRETON WAS TO NOTE 9 ! SAME #aieb >TICLE ?AT 30 ,AT ?AT TIME1 ! SURREALI/ REFUSAL WAS TOTAL1 & ABSOLUTELY 9CAPABLE ( ALL[+ ITSELF TO BE *ANNEL$ AT A POLITICAL LEVEL4 ,ALL ! 9/ITUTIONS UPON :I* ! MOD]N WORLD RE/$-& :I* HAD JU/ %[N !IR WOR? 9 ! FIR/ ,WORLD ,W>- W]E CONSID]$ AB]RANT & SC&AL\S TO US4 ,TO BEG9 )1 IT WAS ! 5TIRE DEF5SE APP>ATUS ( SOCIETY ?AT WE W]E ATTACK+3 ! >MY1 0JU/ICE01 ! POLICE1 RELIGION1 PSY*IATRIC & LEGAL M$IC9E1 & S*OOL+04 ,HE W5T ON TO DEM& 3 0,:Y WAS AN ORGANIC FUSION NOT OP]AT$ AT ?IS MOM5T BETWE5 AN>*I/ & SURREALI/ ELEM5TS80 & EXPLA9$ 0 ,IT WAS UND\BT$LY ! IDEA ( EFFICI5CY1 :I* WAS ! DELUSION ( ?AT P]IOD1 ?AT DECID$ O!RWISE4 ,:AT WE TOOK TO BE ! TRIUMPH ( ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION & ! ADV5T ( A WORK]S' /ATE L$ TO A GREAT *ANGE 9 \R \TLOOK4 ,! ONLY D>K SPOT 9 ! PICTURE- :I* BECAME AN 9DELIBLE /A9- WAS ! CRU%+ ( ! ,KRON/ADT 9SURRECTION ( #ah ,M>* #a#i#b#a04 

,SOLID>ITY 

  

,! SURREALI/S HAD NOT HESITAT$ 9 #aibc 9 %[+ SOLID>ITY ) ! Y\NG AN>*I/ WOMAN ,G]MA9E ,B]TON :O HAD KILL$ AN ACTIVI/ ( ! EXTREME RI<T NATIONALI/ P>TY ,L',ACTION ,FRANCAISE & :O WAS AQCQUITT$ 9 A JURY TRIAL6 ,ANO!R MEMB] ( ! SURREALI/ GR\P1 ,ROB]T ,DESNOS1 HAD ASSOCIAT$ ) ! 9DIVIDUALI/ AN>*I/ CIRCLES ( ,VICTOR ,S]GE & ,RIRETTE ,MAITREJEAN1 :IL/ ACCORD+ TO A POLICE RECORD1 ! SURREALI/ POET ,B5JAM9 ,P]ET HAD BE5 ACTIVE 9 AN AN>*I/ GR\P 9 ! ,P>IS REGION & HAD CONTRIBUT$ TO ! AN>*I/ PAP] ,LE ,LIB]TAIRE4 ,ALL ! SURREALI/S ATT5TIVELY READ ! AN>*I/ PRESS 9 ?IS P]IOD4 ,H[EV]1 !Y W]E PUT (F BY ! 9COH]5CE ( ! ,FR5* MOVEM5T & REMEMB]$ H[ SOME HAD SUPPORT$ ! ,ALLI$ EF=T 9 ! ,WORLD ,W>4 ,:5 ,BRETON TOOK OV] AS $ITOR ( ! REVIEW ,LA ,REVOLUTION ,SURREALI/E FROM ,ANTON9 ,>TAUD HE WROTE MO/ ( ! COLLECTIVE TEXTS LIKE ! REVOLUTION>Y ,OP5 ! ,PRISONS6 ,DISB& ! ,>MIES6 

,! ,SURREALI/S ALSO LEAP$ TO ! DEF5SE ( ! Y\NG WOMAN ,VIOLETTE ,NOZI]E :O HAD POISON$ H] FA!R4 ,VIOLETTE ACCUS$ H] FA!R ( HAV+ SY/EMATICALLY RAP$ H] FROM ! AGE ( #a#b4 ,! ,SURREALI/S US$ ! TRIAL TO D5\NCE ! B\RGEOIS FAMILY & B\RGEOIS HYPOCRISY4 

,9 ,JANU>Y #aibg #e MEMB]S ( ! ,SURREALI/ GR\P JO9$ ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY3 ,BRETON1 ,>AGON1 ,ELU>D1 ,UNIK & ,P]ET4 ,O!RS1 LIKE ,DESNOS & ,MIRO REFUS$ TO JO94 ,EV5 ) ,BRETON1 ,P>TY MEMB]%IP WAS ) QUALIFICATIONS4 ,HE SAW ! ,COMMUNI/ PROGRAM AS ONLY A M9IMUM PROGRAM1 & CRITICIZ$ ! ,P>TY PAP] AS 3 0,PU]ILE1 USELESSLY DECLAMATORY1 CRET9\S1 UNREADABLE2 COMPLETELY UNWOR?Y ( ! ROLE ( PROLET>IAN $UCATION ?AT IT TRIES TO ASSUME04 ,:IL/ ,>AGON TRANS=M$ FROM ! 0MO/ LIB]T>IAN SPIRIT ( ! ,SURREALI/ GR\P0 9TO A HORRIFIC ,/AL9I/ HACK :O WROTE POEMS HONOR+ ! ,RUSSIAN SECRET POLICE ! ,N,K,V,D1 O!RS :O HAD JO9$ ! ,P>TY BEGAN TO FEEL DI/9CTLY UNCOM=TABLE AB\T ! ,MOSC[ %[ TRIALS4 ,IT WAS A /ORMY P]IOD = ! ,SURREALI/S AS !Y TRI$ TO P>TICIPATE AS !Y SAW IT 9 ! WORK]S' REVOLUTION1 :IL/ AT ! SAME TIME SAFEGU>D+ !IR [N SPECIFIC PREOCCUPATIONS1 & FI<T+ AGA9/ ! ,P>TY LEAD]%IP'S ATTEMPTS TO KEEP !M ON A TI<T RE94 ,BRETON WAS EXPELL$ 9 #a#i#c#c1 & AT A ,P>TY-CONTROLL$ ,9T]NATIONAL ,CONGRESS = ! ,DEF5SE ( ,CULTURE ! ,SURREALI/S W]E D5\NC$ & W]E ONLY ALL[$ TO SPEAK ON ! LA/ DAY AT #b 9 ! MORN+6 

,TROTSKY 

  

,BY N[ SOME ( ! ,SURREALI/S W]E ALLY+ ) ,TROTSKYISM & OPPOSITIONAL ,BOL%EVISM4 ,P]ET MADE CONTACT 9 ,FRANCE & ,BRAZIL ) ! ,COMMUNI/ ,UNION & ! ,9T]NATIONALI/ ,WORK]S ,P>TY4 ,BRETON MADE CONTACT 9 ,MEXICO ) ,TROTSKY :5 HE WAS PUT 9 *>GE ( A S]IES ( CONF]5CES AT ,MEXICO ,UNIV]SITY ON ,POETRY & ,PA9T+ 9 ,EUROPE 9 #a#i#c#h4 ,TOGE!R ) ,TROTSKY & ! ,MEXICAN PA9T] ,DIEGO ,RIV]A HE DRAFT$ ,= AN ,9DEP5D5T ,REVOLUTION>Y ,>T :I* ANN\NC$ ?AT 0,! REVOLUTION IS OBLIG$ TO ]ECT A SOCIALI/ REGIME ) C5TRAL PLANN+2 = 9TELLECTUAL CREATION IT MU/1 EV5 FROM ! />T1 E/ABLI% AN AN>*I/ REGIME ( 9TELLECTUAL LIB]TY4 ,NO CON/RA9T1 NOT ! LEA/ TRACE ( COMM&04 ,?IS CONTRADICTORY & BIZ>RE DOCUM5T SEEMS TO HAVE BE5 WRITT5 BY ,BRETON & AMAZ+LY ,TROTSKY1 ) ,RIV]A SUB/ITUT+ = ,TROTSKY'S SIGNATURE :5 HE GOT COLD FEET4 ,IT IS NOT CLE> :5 ,TROTSKY HELP$ WRITE ?IS DOCUM5T :AT HE ?\<T HE WAS DO+1 AS IT W5T AGA9/ EV]Y?+ HE HAD EV] DONE OR SAID4 

,DURRUTI 

  

,P]ET = HIS P>T HAD GONE AS DELEGATE ( ! ,9T]NATIONALI/ ,WORK]S ,P>TY TO ,SPA94 ,H]E HE WORK$ AS A RADIO BROADCA/] = ! ,P,\,M1 BUT LEFT ?IS PO/ :5 HE CRITICIZ$ ?IS ORGANIZATION = P>TICIPAT+ 9 ! ,CATALAN GOV]NM5T4 ,HE JO9$ ! AN>*I/ ,DURRUTI ,COLUMN ON ! ,>AGON FRONT4 0,ALL COLLABORATION ) ! ,P,\,M WAS IMPOSSIBLE1 !Y WANT$ V]Y MU* TO ACCEPT PEOPLE TO !IR RI<T1 BUT NOT TO !IR LEFT4 ,I HAVE DECID$ TO 5T] 9TO AN AN>*I/ MILITIA1 & H]E ,I AM AT ! FRONT1 AT ,P9O DE ,EBRO01 HE WROTE TO ,BRETON4 ,TWO YE>S LAT] HE PAID TRIBUTE TO ,DURRUTI4 0,I HAVE ALWAYS SE5 9 ,DURRUTI ! MO/ REVOLUTION>Y ,AN>*I/ LEAD]1 :OSE ATTITUDE WAS MO/ VIOL5TLY OPPOS$ TO ! CAPITULATIONS ( ! ,AN>*I/S :O HAD 5T]$ ! GOV]NM5T & HIS KILL+ MOV$ ME V]Y MU*4 ,I ?9K ?AT ! LESSON ?AT WAS ! LIFE ( ,DURRUTI %\LD NOT BE LO/40 ,RETURN+ TO ,FRANCE1 HE WAS CALL$ UP AT ! />T ( ! W>4 ,HE WAS >RE/$ = DI/RIBUTION ( LEAFLETS ( 0AN AN>*I/ *>ACT]0 & AFT] A PRISON T]M MANAG$ TO ESCAPE TO ,MEXICO4 ,H]E HE UND]TOOK A ?OR\<GO+ CRITIQUE ( ,TROTSKYISM & DI/ANC$ HIMSELF FROM ITS ORGANIZATIONS4 ,WRIT+ LAT] 9 A LETT] TO ,GEORGES ,FONT5IS1 ! ,FR5* LIB]T>IAN COMMUNI/ MILITANT1 HE REM>K$30,IF ! DISAPPE>ANCE ( ! ,/ATE CAN NOT BE 5VISAG$ 9 ! IMM$IATE1 IT IS NO LESS TRUE ?AT ! PROLET>IAN 9SURRECTION MU/ M>K ! ! FIR/ DAY ( ! DEA? AGONY ( ! ,/ATE04 

,>ROGANCE 

  

,AFT] ! ,W> ! ,SURREALI/S BEGAN TO COLLABORATE ) ! ,F$]ATION ,AN>*I/E4 ,FONT5IS & ANO!R MILITANT ( ! ,F,A1 ,S]GE ,N9N1 MA9TA9$ GOOD CONTACTS ) ! ,SURREALI/S1 ! =M] BECOM+ A FRI5D ( ,BRETON4 ,9 #a#i#e#a1 ! ,SURREALI/ />T$ TO WRITE A REGUL> WEEKLY COLUMN 9 ,LE ,LIB]TAIRE -,LE ,BILLET ,SURREALI/E4 ,A S]IES ( >TICLES BY ,P]ET W]E ALSO PUBLI%$ 9 ,LE ,LIB]TAIRE :I* *>ACT]IZ$ ! UNIONS AS C\NT]-REVOLUTION>Y ORGANISMS & PUT =W>D WORK]S C\NCILS AS AN ALT]NATIVE4 ,! ,F,A W]E 9 DISAGREEM5T ) HIM ON ?IS & PUBLI%$ A REPLY 9 ! PAP]4 ,P]ET WAS C]TA9LY 9 ADVANCE ( ,FR5* ,AN>*I/S ON ?IS QUE/ION4 ,! CONTROV]SY H]E WAS FRAT]NAL1 BUT 9 A LAT] ,BILLET ! ,SURREALI/ ,JEAN ,S*U/] 9SI/$ ?AT ! ,SURREALI/S %\LD TAKE *>GE ( ! 9TELLECTUAL /RUGGLE1 :IL/ ! ,AN>*I/S GOT ON ) ! ECONOMIC & SOCIAL /RUGGLE4 ,?IS ELITI/ >ROGANCE /IRR$ UP A LOT ( TR\BLE1 & ! RELATION%IP BETWE5 ! ,SURREALI/S & ! ,AN>*I/S BEGAN TO COOL & ! LA/ ,BILLET APPE>$ 9 ,LE ,LIB]TAIRE 9 ,JANU>Y #a#i#e#c4 

,! >TICLE ,POET1 ?AT IS TO SAY REVOLUTION>Y WRITT5 BY ,P]ET1 ! MO/ POLITICIZ$ & REVOLUTION>Y ( ! ,SURREALI/S1 ?AT APPE>$ 9 ! PAP] 9 #aiea SAID ! ESS5TIAL 4 ,HE %[$ UP TO :AT PO9T POETRY IS REVOLUTION>Y BUT HE ADD$ 2 0 ,IT DOES NOT FOLL[ ?AT ! 7! POET7 PUTS POETRY AT ! S]VICE ( POLITICAL ACTION1 EV5 IF IT IS REVOLUTION>Y107,:I* WAS C]TA9LY NEV] ! WI% ( ! ,AN>*I/ MILITANTS ( ! P]IOD7 4 0,BUT HIS QUALITY ( POET MAKES HIM A REVOLUTION>Y :O MU/ /RUGGLE ON EV]Y T]RA93?AT ( POETRY BY HIS [N MEANS & ON ! T]RA9 ( SOCIAL ACTION 1 )\T EV] CONFUS+ ! TWO FIELDS ( ACTION04 

,SYN!SIS 

  

,AP>T FROM ,BRETON & ,P]ET ! O!R ,SURREALI/S W]E NEV] SE5 ON ! FIELD ( SOCIAL ACTION4,BRETON WAS CONSI/5T 9 HIS SUPPORT = ! ,F$]ATION ,AN>*I/E & HE CONT9U$ TO (F] HIS SOLID>ITY AFT] ! ,PLAT=MI/S >\ND ,FONT5IS TRANS=M$ ! ,F,A 9TO ! ,F$]ATION ,COMMUNI/E ,LIB]TAIRE4 ,HE WAS ONE ( ! FEW 9TELLECTUALS :O CONT9U$ TO (F] HIS SUPPORT TO ! ,F,C,L DUR+ ! ,ALG]IAN W> :5 ! ,F,C,L SUFF]$ SEV]E REPRESSION & WAS =C$ UND]GR\ND4 ,HE %ELT]$ ,FONT5IS :IL/ HE WAS 9 HID+4 ,HE REFUS$ TO TAKE SIDES ON ! SPLITS 9 ! ,FR5* ,AN>*I/ MOVEM5T & BO? HE & ,P]ET EXPRESS$ SOLID>ITY AS WELL ) ! NEW ,F,A SET UP BY ! SYN!SI/ ,AN>*I/S & WORK$ 9 ! ,ANTI,FASCI/ ,COMMITTEES ( ! #fS ALONGSIDE ! ,F,A4 

,SOME W]E ABLE TO SYN!SIZE ,AN>*ISM & ,SURREALISM ON AN 9DIVIDUAL LEVEL EV5 IF IT HAD NOT HAPP5$ ON A COLLECTIVE LEVEL4,! POET ,JEHAN ,MAY\X1 GREAT FRI5D ( ,P]ET1 ! SON ( ,AN>*I/S & ANTI-MILIT>I/S1 JO9$ ! ,SURREALI/S AT ! 5D ( ! #bS4 ,CALL$ UP AT ! />T ( ! W>1 HE W5T ,A,W,O,L & WAS IMPRISON$4 ,ESCAP+1 HE WAS CAPTUR$ BY ! G]MANS & S5T TO A CONC5TRATION CAMP FROM :I* HE WAS LIB]AT$ 9 #a#i#d#e4 ,HE CONT9U$ TO TAKE P>T 9 LIB]T>IAN ACTIVITY UP TO HIS DEA?4 ,JEAN-,CLAUDE ,T]TRAIS P>TICIPAT$ 9 ,SURREALI/ ACTIVITIES 9 ! #eS :IL/ ,BRETON WAS /ILL ALIVE4 ,CALL$ UP DUR+ ! ,ALG]IAN W>1 HE W5T ,A,W,O,L & WAS S5T TO ! HELLI% 0,DISCIPL9>Y ,BATTALIONS04 ,HE JO9$ ! ,F,A ON HIS RELEASE1 CONTRIBUT+ >TICLES ON SURREALISM TO ! ,F,A PAP] ,LE ,MONDE ,LIB]TAIRE4 

,H[EV]1 AS ,FONT5IS WAS TO REM>K 0 ,IT IS TRUE ?AT1 TOO (T5 1 POETS >E JU/ POETS1 )\T BE+ REALLY REVOLUTION>Y 1NO 9SULT TO ,B4,P]ET 9T5D$1 1 & IF SOMETIMES !Y ATTA* !MSELVES TO ! MOVEM5T ( ! MASSES !Y (T5 FIXATE ON 9DIVIDUAL HI< DE$S1 ON SPECTACUL> SUBV]SION1 ON ILLEGALI/ DE$S1 RA!R ?AN ON ! H>D DAILY /RUGGLES4444,AS MU* AS IT IS PREF]ABLE ?AT ! LIB]T>IAN MOVEM5T /AYS 9TIMATELY L9K$ TO ! SPIRIT ( REVOLT ( ! POETS1 AS MU* IT IS PREJUDICIAL TO SUBJECT ITS REVOLUTION>Y VIEWS TO ! FANTASIES ( M5 ( LETT]S4 ,YES TO IMPLACABLE REVOLT1 YES TO 9SURRECTION1 YES TO ! LIB]T>IAN SPIRIT4444BUT IS ?IS A REASON TO LEAVE ON ! SIDE ! AN>*I/ ?\<T & ! CLASS ACTION ?AT N\RI%ES IT & ?AT IT 9SPIRES804 

,CLASS ,ACTION 

  

7,O!R CRITICISMS CAN BE MADE ( ,SURREALISM-! 9DIVIDUAL 9TOL]ANCE & AU?ORIT>IANISM ( ,BRETON1 ! SEXISM & HOMOPHOBIA1 ! COD ,FREUDIANISM1 ! DUBI\S CELEBRATION ( SEXUAL VIOL5CE-BUT ?AT W\LD REQUIRE AN >TICLE 9 ITSELF74 

,:ATEV] Y\ DO READ ,BRETON'S ,CLAIRE ,T\R -- HIS 5?USIA/IC ODE TO ,AN>*ISM4 ,IT'S BE5 TRANSLAT$ 9TO ,5GLI% AS ,! ,LI<?\SE 9 ! ,DRUNK5 ,BOAT1 AN AN?OLOGY ( WRIT+S ON ,AN>*ISM & ,>T AVAILABLE FROM ,FRE$OM & ,A,K4 

7,S\RCE3 ,RETRIEV$ ON ,MAY #a#c1 #bac FROM WEB4>*IVE4ORG47 

,FROM 3 ,!,AN>*I/,LIBR>Y4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,JANU>Y #a#f1 #bbb 3 ,AN>*ISM & ,SURREALISM -- ,ADD$4 

 FILE G5]AT$ FROM 3  
HTTP3_/_/REVOLTLIB4COM_/