,*APT] #c1 ,SECTION ,A ,AN>*ISM 9 ,REVOLUTION>Y ,PRACTICE #a#h#h-#a#i#a#d #aigaig ,PEOPLE 3 ,AU?OR 3 ,DANIEL ,GU]9 ,AU?OR 3 ,NOAM ,*OMSKY ,TEXT 3 ,A,N,>,*,I,S,M ,B,E,C,O,M,E,S ,I,S,O,L,A,T,$ ,F,R,O,M ,! ,W,O,R,K,+-,C,L,A,S,S ,M,O,V,E,M,5,T ,IT IS N[ TIME TO EXAM9E AN>*ISM 9 ACTION4 ,:I* BR+S US TO ! EVE ( ! TW5TIE? C5TURY4 ,LIB]T>IAN IDEAS C]TA9LY PLAY$ SOME P>T 9 ! REVOLUTIONS ( ! N9ETE5? C5TURY BUT NOT AN 9DEP5D5T ONE4 ,PR\DHON HAD TAK5 A NEGATIVE ATTITUDE TO ! #ahdh ,REVOLUTION EV5 BE=E ITS \TBREAK4 ,HE ATTACK$ IT AS A POLITICAL REVOLUTION1 A B\RGEOIS BOOBY TRAP1 &1 9DE$1 MU* ( ?IS WAS TRUE4 ,MOREOV]1 ACCORD+ TO ,PR\DHON1 IT WAS 9OPPORTUNE & ITS USE ( B>RICADES & /REET BATTLES WAS \TDAT$1 = HE HIMSELF DREAM$ ( A QUITE DIFF]5T ROAD TO VICTORY = HIS PANACEA3 MUTUELLI/E COLLECTIVISM4 ,AS = ! ,P>IS ,COMMUNE1 :ILE IT IS TRUE ?AT IT SPONTANE\SLY BROKE AWAY FROM 0TRADITIONAL /ATI/ C5TRALIZATION10 IT WAS ! PRODUCT ( A 0COMPROMISE10 AS ,H5RI ,LEFEBVRE HAS NOT$1 A SORT ( 0UNIT$ FRONT0 BETWE5 ! ,PR\DHONI/S & ,BAKUN9ITES ON ! ONE H& & ! ,JACOB9S & ,BLANQUI/S ON ! O!R4 ,IT 0BOLDLY REPUDIAT$0 ! ,/ATE1 BUT ,BAKUN9 HAD TO ADMIT ?AT ! 9T]NATIONALI/ AN>*I/S W]E A 0T9Y M9ORITY0 9 ITS RANKS4 ,AS A RESULT ( ,BAKUN9'S IMPETUS1 AN>*ISM HAD1 H[EV]1 SUCCE$$ 9 GRAFT+ ITSELF ONTO ! ,FIR/ ,9T]NATIONAL - A PROLET>IAN1 9T]NATIONALI/1 APOLITICAL1 MASS MOVEM5T4 ,BUT SOMETIME >\ND #ahh ! AN>*I/S BEGAN TO D]IDE 0! TIMID ,9T]NATIONAL ( ! FIR/ P]IOD10 & S\*I/1 COMMUNI/1 ANTI-RELIGI\S1 ANTI-P>LIAM5T>Y1 & REVOLUTION>Y1 ALL AT ! SAME TIME4 ,?IS SC>ECR[ WAS V]Y FLIMSY3 AN>*ISM CUT ITSELF (F FROM ! WORK+-CLASS MOVEM5T1 ) ! RESULT ?AT IT DET]IORAT$ & LO/ ITS WAY 9 SECT>IANISM & M9ORITY ACTIVISM4 ,:AT CAUS$ ?IS DECL9E8 ,ONE REASON WAS ! SWIFTNESS ( 9DU/RIAL DEVELOPM5T & ! RAPID CONQUE/ ( POLITICAL RILIAM5T>Y RE=MISM4 ,IT FOLL[$ ?AT ! 9T]NATIONAL WORK+-CLASS MOVEM5T WAS TAK5 OV] BY POLITICALLY M9D$1 ELECTORALI/1 RE=MI/ SOCIAL DEMOCRATS :OSE PURPOSE WAS NOT ! SOCIAL REVOLUTION BUT ! LEGAL CONQUE/ ( ! B\RGEOIS ,/ATE & ! SATISFACTION ( %ORT-T]M DEM&S4 ,:5 !Y F\ND !MSELVES A SMALL M9ORITY1 ! AN>*I/S AB&ON$ ! IDEA ( MILITANCY )9 L>GE POPUL> MOVEM5TS4 ,FREE RE9 WAS GIV5 TO UTOPIAN DOCTR9ES1 COMB9+ PREMATURE ANTICIPATIONS & NO/ALGIC EVOCATIONS ( A GOLD5 AGE2 ,KROPOTK91 ,MALATE/A1 & !IR FRI5DS TURN$ !IR BACKS ON ! ROAD OP5$ UP BY ,BAKUN9 ON ! PRETEXT ( KEEP+ !IR DOCTR9E PURE4 ,!Y ACCUS$ ,BAKUN91 & AN>*I/ LIT]ATURE 9 G5]AL1 ( HAV+ BE5 0TOO MU* COLOR$ BY ,M>XISM40 ,! AN>*I/S TURN$ 9 ON !MSELVES1 ORGANIZ$ !MSELVES = DIRECT ACTION 9 SMALL CL&E/9E GR\PS :I* W]E EASILY 9FILTRAT$ BY POLICE 9=M]S4 ,BAKUN9'S RETIREM5T WAS SOON FOLL[$ BY HIS DEA? &1 FROM #ahgf ON1 AN>*ISM CAUM$ MILITANTS :O SUDD5LY APPE>$ 9 ! M\NTA9S ( ! ,ITALIAN PROV9CE ( ,B5EV5TO1 BURN$ ! P>I% RECORDS ( A SMALL VILLAGE1 DI/RIBUT$ ! FUNDS 9 ! TAX COLLECTOR'S SAFE TO ! POOR1 & TRI$ TO 9/ALL LIB]T>IAN COMMUNISM ON A M9IATURE1 RURAL1 9FANTILE SCALE4 ,9 ! 5D !Y W]E TRACK$ D[N1 NUMB ) COLD1 & YIELD$ )\T RESI/ANCE4 ,?REE YE>S LAT]1 ON ,DECEMB] #b#e1 #a#h#h1 ,KROPOTK9 WAS DECLAIM+ 9 HIS J\RNAL ,LE ,REVOLTE3 0,P]MAN5T REVOLT 9 SPEE*1 WRIT+1 BY ! DAGG] & ! GUN1 OR BY DYNAMITE 4 4 4 ANY?+ SUITS US ?AT IS ALI5 TO LEGALITY40 ,BETWE5 0PROPAG&A BY ! DE$0 & ATTACKS ON 9DIVIDUALS1 ONLY A /EP REMA9$4 ,IT WAS SOON TAK54 ,! DEFECTION ( ! MASS ( ! WORK+ CLASS HAD BE5 ONE ( ! REASONS = ! REC\RSE TO T]RORISM1 & 0PROPAG&A BY ! DE$0 DID 9DE$ MAKE SOME CONTRIBUTION TO AWAK5+ ! WORK]S FROM !IR APA?Y4 ,WRIT+ 9 ,LA ,REVOLUTION ,PROLET>I5NE1 ,NOVEMB] #a#i#c#g1 ,ROB]T ,LONZON .<#b.> MA9TA9$ ?AT 0IT WAS LIKE ! /ROKE ( A GONG BR++ ! ,FR5* PROLET>IAT TO ITS FEET AFT] ! PRO/RATION 9TO :I* IT HAD BE5 PLUNG$ BY ! MASSACRES ( ! ,COMMUNE . 4 4 41 .<& WAS.> ! PRELUDE TO ! F\NDATION ( ! ,C,G,T .<,CONF$]ATION ,G5]AL DU ,TRAVAIL.> & ! MASS TRADE-UNION MOVEM5T ( ! YE>S #a#i-#a#i#a40 ,?IS RA!R OPTIMI/IC VIEW IS CORRECT$ OR SUPPLEM5T$ .<#b#a.> BY ! VIEWS ( ,F]N& ,PELL\TI]1 A Y\NG AN>*I/ :O LAT] W5T OV] TO REVOLUTION>Y SYNDICALISM3 HE BELIEV$ ! USE ( DYNAMITE HAD DET]R$ ! WORK]S FROM PR(ESS+ LIB]T>IAN SOCIALISM1 H[EV] DISILLUSION$ !Y MILIAM5T>Y SOCIALISM2 NONE ( !M D>$ CALL HIMSELF AN AN>*I/ LE/ HE SEEM TO OPT = ISOLAT$ REVOLT AS AGA9/ COLLECTIVE ACTION4 ,! SOCIAL DEMOCRATS W]E NOT SL[ TO USE ! WEAPONS AGA9/ ! AN>*I/S FURNI%$ BY ! COMB9ATION ( BOMBS & ,KROPOTK9I/ UTOPIAS4 ,S,O,C,I,A,L-,D,E,M,O,C,R,A,T,I,C ,C,O,N,D,E,M,N,A,T,I,O,N ,( ,A,N,>,*,I,S,M ,= MANY YE>S ! SOCIALI/ WORK+-CLASS MOVEM5T WAS DIVID$ 9TO IRRECONCILABLE SEGM5TS3 :ILE AN>*ISM SLID 9TO T]RORISM COMB9$ ) PASSIVE WAIT+ = ! MILL5NIUM1 ! POLITICAL MOVEM5T1 MORE OR LESS DI%ONE/LY CLAIM+ TO BE ,M>XI/1 BECAME BOGG$ D[N 9 0P>LIAM5T>Y CRET9ISM40 ,PI]RE ,MONATTE1 AN AN>*I/ :O TURN$ SYNDICALI/1 LAT] RECALL$3 0,! REVOLUTION>Y SPIRIT 9 ,FRANCE WAS DY+ \T 4 4 4 YE> BY YE>4 ,! REVOLUTION>Y IDEAS ( ,GUESDE W]E N[ ONLY V]BAL OR1 WORSE1 ELECTORAL & P>LIAM5T>Y2 ?OSE ( ,JAURES SIMPLY1 & V]Y FRANKLY1 M9I/]IAL & GOV]NM5TAL40 ,9 ,FRANCE1 ! DIVORCE BETWE5 AN>*I/S & SOCIALI/S WAS COMPLET$ AT ! ,LE ,HAVRE ,CONGRESS ( #a#h#h1 :5 ! NEWBORN WORK]S' P>TY ?REW ITSELF 9TO ELECTORAL POLITICS4 ,9 ,P>IS 9 #ahhi ! SOCIAL DEMOCRATS FROM V>I\S C\NTRIES DECID$ TO REVIVE ! LONG-NEGLECT$ PRACTICE ( HOLD+ 9T]NATIONAL SOCIALI/ CONGRESSES4 ,?IS OP5$ ! WAY = ! CREATION ( ! ,SECOND ,9T]NATIONAL & SOME AN>*I/S ?\Y TO ATT5D ! MEET+4 ,!IR PRES5CE GAVE RISE TO VIOL5T 9CID5TS1 S9CE ! SOCIAL DEMOCRATS US$ !IR SUP]IOR NUMB]S TO SUPPRESS ALL >GUM5T FROM !IR OPPON5TS4 ,AT ! ,BRUSSELS ,CONGRESS ( #ahia ! LIB]T>IANS W]E BOO$ & EXPELL$4 ,H[EV]1 MANY WORK+-CLASS DELEGATES FROM ,5GL&1 ,ITALY1 & ,HOLL&1 ?\< !Y W]E 9DE$ RE=MI/S1 )DREW 9 PROTE/4 ,! NEXT CONGRESS WAS HELD 9 ,ZURI* 9 #a#h#i#c1 & ! SOCIAL DEMOCRATS CLAIM$ ?AT 9 ! FUTURE !Y C\LD EXCLUDE ALL NON-TRADE UNION ORGANIZATIONS :I* DID NOT RECOGNIZE ! NECESSITY = 0POLITICAL ACTION10 ?AT IS TO SAY1 ! CONQUE/ ( B\RGEOIS P[] BY ! BALLOT4 ,AT ! ,LONDON ,CONGRESS ( #a#h#i#f1 A FEW ,FR5* & ,ITALIAN AN>*I/S CIRCUMV5T$ ?IS EXCLUSION>Y CONDITION BY GETT+ TRADE UNIONS TO APPO9T !M AS DELEGATES4 ,?IS WAS NOT SIMPLY A SUBT]FUGE1 =1 AS WE %ALL SEE BEL[1 ! AN>*I/S HAD ONCE MORE F\ND ! PA? ( REALITY - !Y HAD 5T]$ ! TRADE-UNION MOVEM5T4 ,BUT :5 ONE ( !M1 ,PAUL ,DELESALLE1 TRI$ TO M\NT ! RO/RUM1 HE WAS ?R[N VIOL5TLY TO ! BOTTOM ( ! /EPS & 9JUR$4 ,JAURES ACCUS$ ! AN>*I/S ( HAV+ TRANS=M$ ! TRADE UNIONS 9TO REVOLUTION>Y AN>*I/ GR\PS & ( DISRUPT+ !M1 JU/ AS !Y HAD COME TO ! CONGRESS ONLY TO DISRUPT IT1 0TO ! GREAT B5EFIT ( B\RGEOIS REACTION40 ,! ,G]MAN SOCIAL-DEMOCRATIC LEAD]S AT ! CONGRESS1 ! 9VET]ATE ELECTORALI/S ,WILHELM ,LIEBKNE*T & ,AUGU/ ,BEBEL1 %[$ !MSELVES AS SAVAGE TO ! AN>*I/S AS !Y HAD BE5 9 ! ,FIR/ ,9T]NATIONAL4 ,SUPPORT$ BY ,M>X'S DAUD$ ! AN>*I/S AS 0MADM510 !Y HAD !IR [N WAY ) ! MEET+ & GOT IT TO PASS A RESOLUTION EXCLUD+ FROM FUTURE CONGRESSES ALL 0ANTI-P>LIAM5T>IANS0 9 :ATEV] GUISE !Y MI4 ,LAT]1 9 ,/ATE & ,REVOLUTION1 ,L59 PRES5T$ ! AN>*I/S ) A B\QUET :I* CONCEAL$ SOME ?ORNS4 ,HE /OOD UP = !M 9 RELATION TO ! SOCIAL DEMOCRATS1 ACCUS+ ! LATT] ( HAV+ 0LEFT TO ! AN>*I/S A MONOPOLY ( CRITICISM ( P>LIAM5T>IANISM0 & ( HAV+ 0LABEL$0 SU* CRITICISM AS 0AN>*I/40 ,IT WAS H>DLY SURPRIS+ ?AT ! PROLET>IAT ( ! P>LIAM5T>Y C\NTRIES BECAME DISGU/$ ) SU* SOCIALI/S & MORE & MORE SYMPA!TIC TO ! AN>*I/S4 ,! SOCIAL DEMOCRATS HAD T]M$ ANY EF=T TO DE/ROY ! B\RGEOIS ,/ATE AS AN>*I/4 ,! AN>*I/S 0CORRECTLY DESCRIB$ ! OPPORTUNI/ *>ACT] ( ! IDEAS ( MO/ SOCIALI/ P>TIES ON ! ,/ATE40 ,ACCORD+ TO ,L591 ,M>X & ,PR\DHON W]E AS ONE 9 DESIR+ 0! DEMOLITION ( ! EXI/+ MA*9E ( ! ,/ATE40 0,! OPPORTUNI/S >E UNWILL+ TO ADMIT ! SIMIL>ITY BETWE5 ,M>XISM & ! AN>*ISM ( ,PR\DHON & ,BAKUN940 ,! SOCIAL DEMOCRATS 5T]$ 9TO DEBATE ) ! AN>*I/S 9 AN 0UN,M>XI/0 MANN]4 ,!IR CRITIQUE ( AN>*ISM BOIL$ D[N TO PURE B\RGEOIS BANALITY3 0,WE RECOGNIZE ! ,/ATE1 ! AN>*I/S DON'T40 ,! AN>*I/S >E 9 A /RONG POSITION TO RETORT ?AT ?IS K9D ( SOCIAL DEMOCRACY IS FAIL+ 9 ITS DUTY ( PROVID+ = ! REVOLUTION>Y $UCATION ( ! WORK]S4 ,L59 CA/IGAT$ AN ANTI-AN>*I/ PAMPHLET BY ! ,RUSSIAN SOCIAL DEMOCRAT ,PLEKHANOV AS 0V]Y UNJU/ TO ! AN>*I/S10 0SOPHI/ICAL10 0FULL ( VULG> >GUM5T1 9S9UAT+ ?AT !RE IS NO DIFF]5CE BETWE5 AN AN>*I/ & A B&IT40 ,A,N,>,*,I,/,S ,9 ,! ,T,R,A,D,E ,U,N,I,O,N,S ,9 ! #a#h#iS ! AN>*I/S HAD REA*$ A DEAD 5D & !Y W]E CUT (F FROM ! WORLD ( ! WORK]S :I* HAD BECOME ! MONOPOLY ( ! SOCIAL DEMOCRATS4 ,!Y SNUGGL$ 9TO LITTLE SECTS1 B>RICAD$ !MSELVES 9TO IVORY T[]S :]E !Y POLI%$ UP 9CREAS+LY UNREALI/IC DOGMAS2 OR ELSE !Y P]=M$ & APPLAUD$ ACTS ( 9DIVIDUAL T]RORISM1 & LET !MSELVES BE CAUTICLES :I* APPE>$ 9 #ahi HE AFFIRM$ 0?AT ONE MU/ BE ) ! PEOPLE1 :O NO LONG] WANT ISOLAT$ ACTS1 BUT WANT M5 ( ACTION 9SIDE !IR RANKS40 ,HE W>N$ HIS READ]S AGA9/ 0! ILLUSION ?AT ONE CAN DEFEAT ! COALITION ( EXPLOIT]S ) A FEW P\NDS ( EXPLOSIVES40 ,HE PROPOS$ A RETURN TO MASS TRADE UNIONISM LIKE ?AT ( :I* ! ,FIR/ ,9T]NATIONAL HAD BE5 ! EMBRYO & PROPAGATOR3 0,MON/] UNIONS EMBRAC+ MILLIONS ( PROLET>IANS40 ,IT WAS ! IMP]ATIVE DUTY ( ! AN>*I/S TO P5ETRATE 9TO ! TRADE UNIONS 9 ORD] TO DETA* ! WORK+ MASSES FROM ! FALSE SOCIALI/S :O W]E DECEIV+ !M4 ,9 #ahie AN AN>*I/ WEEKLY1 ,LES ,TEMPS ,N\VEAUX1 PUBLI%$ AN >TICLE BY ,F]N& ,PELL\TI] 5TITL$ 0,AN>*ISM & ! ,TRADE ,UNIONS0 :I* EXP\ND$ ! NEW TACTIC4 ,AN>*ISM C\LD DO V]Y WELL )\T DYNAMITE & MU/ APPROA* ! MASSES1 BO? TO PROPAGATE AN>*I/ IDEAS AS WIDELY AS POSSIBLE & TO SAVE ! TRADE-UNION MOVEM5T FROM ! N>R[ CORPORATISM 9 :I* IT HAD BECOME BOGG$ D[N4 ,! TRADE UNION MU/ BE A 0PRACTICAL S*OOL ( AN>*ISM40 ,AS A LABORATORY ( ECONOMIC /RUGGLE1 DETA*$ FROM ELECTORAL COMPETITION & ADM9I/]$ ON AN>*I/ L9ES1 WAS NOT ! TRADE UNION ! ONLY LIB]T>IAN & REVOLUTION>Y ORGANIZATION :I* C\LD C\NT]BALANCE & DE/ROY ! EVIL 9FLU5CE ( ! SOCIAL-DEMOCRATIC POLITICIANS8 ,PELL\TI] L9K$ ! TRADE UNIONS TO ! LIB]T>IAN COMMUNI/ SOCIETY :I* REMA9$ ! ULTIMATE OBJECTIVE ( ! AN>*I/3 ON ! DAY :5 ! REVOLUTION BREAKS \T1 HE ASK$1 0W\LD !Y NOT BE AN ALMO/ LIB]T>IAN ORGANIZATION1 READY TO SUCCE$ ! EXI/+ ORD]1 ?US EFFECTIVELY ABOLI%+ ALL POLITICAL AU?ORITY2 EA* ( ITS P>TS CONTROLL+ ! MEANS ( PRODUCTION1 MANAG+ ITS [N AFFAIRS1 SOV]EIGN OV] ITSELF BY ! FREE CONS5T ( ITS MEMB]S80 ,LAT]1 AT ! ,9T]NATIONAL ,AN>*I/ ,CONGRESS ( #a#i#g1 ,PI]RE ,MONATTE DECL>$3 0,TRADE UNIONISM 4 4 4 OP5S UP NEW P]SPECTIVES = AN>*ISM1 TOO LONG FUM$ 9 ON ITSELF40 ,ON ! ONE H&1 0TRADE UNIONISM 4 4 4 HAS R5EW$ AN>*ISM'S AW>5ESS ( ITS WORK+-CLASS ROOTS2 ON ! O!R1 ! AN>*I/S HAVE MADE NO SMALL CONTRIBUTION TO SETT+ ! WORK+-CLASS MOVEM5T ON ! ROAD TO REVOLUTION & TO POPUL>IZ+ ! IDEA ( DIRECT ACTION40 ,AFT] A LIVELY DEBATE1 ?IS CONGRESS ADOPT$ A COMPROMISE RESOLUTION :I* OP5$ ) ! FOLL[+ /ATEM5T ( PR9CIPLE3 0,?IS ,9T]NATIONAL ,AN>*I/ ,CONGRESS SEES ! TRADE UNIONS BO? AS COMBAT UNITS 9 ! CLASS /RUGGLE = BETT] WORK+ CONDITIONS1 & AS ASSOCIATIONS ( PRODUC]S :I* CAN S]VE TO TRANS=M CAPITALI/ SOCIETY 9TO AN AN>*O-COMMUNI/ SOCIETY40 ,! SYNDICALI/ AN>*I/S MET ) SOME DIFFICULTIES 9 !IR EF=TS TO DRAW ! :OLE LIB]T>IAN MOVEM5T ONTO ! NEW ROAD !Y HAD *OS54 ,! 0PURE ONES0 ( AN>*ISM *]I%$ 9SURM\NTABLE SUSPICIONS ) REG>D TO ! TRADE-UNION MOVEM5T4 ,!Y RES5T$ IT = HAV+ ITS FEET TOO FIRMLY ON ! GR\ND4 ,!Y ACCUS$ IT ( A COMPLAC5T ATTITUDE T[>D CAPITALI/ SOCIETY1 ( BE+ AN 9TEGRAL P>T ( IT1 ( LIMIT+ ITSELF TO %ORT-T]M DEM&S4 ,!Y DISPUT$ ITS CLAIM TO BE ABLE TO RESOLVE ! SOCIAL PROBLEM S+LE-H&$4 ,AT ! #aig CONGRESS ,MALATE/A REPLI$ %>PLY TO ,MONATTE1 MA9TA9+ ?AT ! 9DU/RIAL MOVEM5T WAS = ! AN>*I/ A MEANS & NOT AN 5D3 0,TRADE UNIONISM IS NOT1 & NEV] WILL BE1 ANY?+ BUT A LEGALI/IC & CONS]VATIVE MOVEM5T1 UNABLE TO AIM BEYOND - IF ?AT F>6 - ! IMPROVEM5T ( WORK+ CONDITIONS40 ,! TRADE-UNION MOVEM5T IS MADE %ORT-SIN+ HIS HE>]S AGA9/ ! CONS]VATISM ( TRADE-UNION BUREAUCRACIES3 0,9 ! 9DU/RIAL MOVEM5T ! (FICIAL IS A DANG] COMP>ABLE ONLY TO P>LIAM5T>IANISM4 ,ANY AN>*I/ :O HAS AGRE$ TO BECOME A P]MAN5T & SAL>I$ (FICIAL ( A TRADE UNION IS LO/ TO AN>*ISM40 ,TO ?IS ,MONATTE REPLI$ ?AT ! TRADE-UNION MOVEM5T WAS C]TA9LY NO MORE P]FECT ?AN ANY O!R HUMAN 9/ITUTION3 0,F> FROM HID+ ITS FAULTS1 ,I ?9K IT IS WISE TO HAVE !M ALWAYS 9 M9D SO AS TO REACT AGA9/ !M40 ,HE RECOGNIZ$ ?AT TRADE UNION (FICIALDOM >\S$ %>P CRITICISM1 (T5 JU/IFI$4 ,BUT HE PROTE/$ AGA9/ ! *>GE ( WI%+ TO SACRIFICE AN>*ISM & ! REVOLUTION TO TRADE UNIONISM3 0,AS ) EV]YONE ELSE H]E1 AN>*Y IS \R F9AL AIM4 ,H[EV]1 BECAUSE TIMES HAVE *ANG$ WE HAVE *ANG$ \R CONCEPTION ( ! MOVEM5T & ( ! REVOLUTION 4444 ,IF1 9/EAD ( CRITICIZ+ ! PA/1 PRES5T1 OR EV5 FUTURE MI/AKES ( TRADE UNIONISM FROM ABOVE1 ! AN>*I/S W\LD CONC]N !MSELVES MORE 9TIMATELY ) ITS WORK1 ! DANG]S ?AT LURK 9 TRADE UNIONISM W\LD BE AV]T$ =EV]40 ,! ANG] ( ! SECT>IAN AN>*I/S WAS NOT 5TIRELY )\T CAUSE4 ,H[EV]1 ! K9D ( TRADE UNION ( :I* !Y DISAPPROV$ BELONG$ TO A PA/ P]IOD3 ?AT :I* WAS AT FIR/ PURELY & SIMPLY CORPORATIVE1 & LAT]1 ! BL9D FOLL[] ( ?OSE SOCIAL DEMOCRATIC POLITICIANS :O HAD MULTIPLI$ 9 ,FRANCE DUR+ ! LONG YE>S FOLL[+ ! REPRESSION ( ! ,COMMUNE4 ,! TRADE UNIONISM ( CLASS /RUGGLE1 ON ! O!R H&1 HAD BE5 REG5]AT$ BY ! AN>*O-SYNDICALI/S :O HAD 5T]$ IT1 & IT GAVE ! 0PURE0 AN>*I/S ! OPPOSITE CAUSE = COMPLA9T3 IT CLAIM$ TO PRODUCE ITS [N IDEOLOGY1 TO 0BE SUFFICI5T UNTO ITSELF40 ,ITS MO/ EFFECTIVE SPOKESMAN1 ,EMILE ,P\GET1 MA9TA9$3 0,! TRADE UNION IS SUP]IOR TO ANY O!R =M ( COHESION BETWE5 9DIVIDUALS BECAUSE ! TASK ( P>TIAL AMELIORATION & ! MORE DECISIVE ONE ( SOCIAL TRANS=MATION CAN BE C>RI$ ON SIDE BY SIDE )9 ITS FRAMEWORK4 ,IT IS PRECISELY BECAUSE ! TRADE UNION ANSW]S ?IS TW(OLD NE$1 4 4 4 NO LONG] SACRIFIC+ ! PRES5T TO ! FUTURE OR ! FUTURE TO ! PRES5T1 ?AT ! TRADE UNION /&S \T AS ! BE/ K9D ( GR\P40 ,! CONC]N ( ! NEW TRADE UNIONISM TO EMPHASIZE & PRES]VE ITS 09DEP5D5CE0 WAS PROCLAIM$ 9 A FAM\S *>T] ADOPT$ BY ! ,C,G,T CONGRESS 9 ,AMI5S 9 #a#i#f4 ,! /ATEM5T WAS NOT 9SPIR$ SO MU* BY OPPOSITION TO AN>*ISM AS BY ! DESIRE TO GET RID ( ! TUTELAGE ( B\RGEOIS DEMOCRACY & ITS EXT5SION 9 ! WORK+-CLASS MOVEM5T1 SOCIAL DEMOCRACY4 ,IT WAS ALSO FELT IMPORTANT TO PRES]VE ! COHESION ( ! TRADE UNION MOVEM5T :5 CONFRONT$ ) A PROLIF]ATION ( RIVAL POLITICAL SECTS1 SU* AS EXI/$ 9 ,FRANCE BE=E 0SOCIALI/ UNITY0 WAS E/ABLI%$4 ,PR\DHON'S WORK ,DE LA ,CAPACITE ,POLITIQUE DES ,CLASSES ,\VRI]ES 7#a#h#f#e7 WAS TAK5 BY ! REVOLUTION>Y SYNDICALI/S AS !IR BIBLE2 FROM IT !Y HAD SELECT$ = P>TICUL> ATT5TION ! IDEA ( 0SEP>ATION03 BE+ A DI/9CT CLASS1 ! PROLET>IAT MU/ REFUSE ALL SUPPORT FROM ! OPPOS+ CLASS4 ,SOME AN>*I/S1 H[EV]1 W]E %OCK$ BY ! CLAIM ( TRADE UNIONISM TO DO )\T !IR PATRONAGE4 ,MALATE/A EXCLAIM$ ?AT IT WAS A RADICALLY FALSE DOCTR9E :I* ?REAT5$ ! V]Y EXI/5CE ( AN>*ISM4 ,JEAN ,GRAVE1 HIS FAI?FUL FOLL[]1 E*O$3 0,TRADE UNIONISM CAN - & MU/ - BE SELF-SUFFICI5T 9 ITS /RUGGLE AGA9/ EXPLOITATION BY ! EMPLOY]S1 BUT IT CANNOT PRET5D TO BE ABLE TO SOLVE ! SOCIAL PROBLEM BY ITSELF40 ,IT 0IS SO LITTLE SUFFICI5T UNTO ITSELF ?AT ! V]Y IDEA ( :AT IT IS1 ( :AT IT %\LD BE1 & ( :AT IT %\LD DO1 HAD TO COME TO IT FROM \TSIDE40 ,9 SPITE ( !SE RECRIM9ATIONS1 ! REVOLUTION>Y F]M5T BR\*I/ CONV]TS TO TRADE UNIONISM MADE ! TRADE-UNION MOVEM5T 9 ,FRANCE & ! O!R ,LAT9 C\NTRIES A P[] TO BE RECKON$ ) 9 ! YE>S BE=E ! ,GREAT ,W>4 ,?IS AFFECT$ NOT ONLY ! B\RGEOISIE & GOV]NM5T1 BUT ALSO ! SOCIAL-DEMOCRATIC POLITICIANS :O !NCE=? LO/ MO/ ( !IR CONTROL OV] ! WORK+-CLASS MOVEM5T4 ,! PHILOSOPH] ,GEORGES ,SOREL CONSID]$ ! 5TRY ( ! AN>*I/S 9TO ! TRADE UNIONS AS ONE ( ! MAJOR EV5TS ( HIS TIME4 ,AN>*I/ DOCTR9E HAD BE5 DILUT$ 9 A MASS MOVEM5T1 ONLY TO EM]GE R5EW$ & FRE%LY TEMP]$4 ,! LIB]T>IAN MOVEM5T WAS TO REMA9 IMPREGNAT$ ) ?IS FUSION BETWE5 ! AN>*I/ IDEA & ! TRADE-UNION IDEA4 ,UNTIL #aiad ! ,FR5* ,C,G,T WAS ! EPHEM]AL PRODUCT ( ?IS SYN!SIS1 BUT ITS MO/ COMPLETE & DURABLE PRODUCT WAS TO BE ! ,SPANI% ,C,N,T 7,CONF$]ACION ,NACIONAL DEL ,TRABAJO74 ,IT WAS =M$ 9 #a#i#a1 TAK+ ADVANTAGE ( ! DIS9TEGRATION ( ! RADICAL P>TY ( ! POLITICIAN ,ALEX&RE ,L]R\X4 ,ONE ( ! SPOKESM5 ( ,SPANI% AN>*O-SYNDICALISM1 ,DIEGO ,ABAD DE ,SANTILLAN1 DID NOT =GET TO GIVE CR$IT TO ,F]N& ,PELL\TI]1 TO ,EMILE ,P\GET1 & TO ! O!R AN>*I/S :O HAD UND]/OOD H[ NECESS>Y IT WAS TO BEG9 BY IMPLANT+ !IR IDEAS 9 ! ECONOMIC ORGANIZATIONS ( ! PROLET>IAT4 7,S\RCE3 ,AN>*ISM3 ,FROM ,!ORY TO ,PRACTICE1 FIR/ PUBLI%$ 9 ,FR5* 9 #a#i#f#e1 ! #aig ,5GLI% TRANSLATION IS ,GU]9'S BE/-KN[N WORK1 DESCRIB+ ! 9TELLECTUAL SUB/ANCE & ACTUAL PRACTICE ( AN>*ISM4 ,! ,5GLI% TRANSLATION BY ,M>Y ,KLOPP] 9CLUDES A =EWORD BY ,NOAM ,*OMSKY1 :O DESCRIBES IT AS AN ATTEMPT 0TO EXTRACT FROM ! HI/ORY ( LIB]T>IAN ?\Y #f1 #bag 3 ,*APT] #c1 ,SECTION ,A -- ,ADD$4 FILE G5]AT$ FROM 3 HTTP3_/_/REVOLTLIB4COM_/