,9TRODUCTION BY ,NOAM ,*OMSKY 

#aigaig 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,DANIEL ,GU]9 

,AU?OR 3 ,NOAM ,*OMSKY 

,TEXT 3 

,A ,FR5* WRIT]1 SYMPA!TIC TO AN>*ISM1 WROTE 9 ! #a#h#iS ?AT 0AN>*ISM HAS A BROAD BACK1 LIKE PAP] IT 5DURES ANY?+0---9CLUD+1 HE NOT$ ?OSE :OSE ACTS >E SU* ?AT 0A MORTAL 5EMY ( AN>*ISM C\LD NOT HAVE DONE BETT]40.<#a.> ,!RE HAVE BE5 MANY /YLES ( ?\<T & ACTION ?AT HAVE BE5 REF]R$ TO AS 0AN>*I/40 ,IT W\LD BE HOPELESS TO TRY TO 5COMPASS ALL ( !SE CONFLICT+ T5D5CIES 9 SOME G5]AL !ORY OR IDEOLOGY4 ,& EV5 IF WE PROCE$ TO EXTRACT FROM ! HI/ORY ( LIB]T>IAN ?\<T A LIV+1 EVOLV+ TRADITION1 AS ,DANIEL ,GU]9 DOES 9 ,AN>*ISM1 IT REMA9S DIFFICULT TO =MULATE ITS DOCTR9ES AS A SPECIFIC & DET]M9ATE !ORY ( SOCIETY & SOCIAL *ANGE4 ,! AN>*I/ HI/ORIAN ,RUDOLPH ,ROCK]1 :O PRES5TS A SY/EMATIC CONCEPTION ( ! DEVELOPM5T ( AN>*I/ ?\<T T[>DS AN>*OSYNDICALISM1 ALONG L9ES ?AT BE> COMP>ISON TO ,GU]9S WORK1 PUTS ! MATT] WELL :5 HE WRITES ?AT AN>*ISM IS NOT 

A FIX$1 SELF-5CLOS$ SOCIAL SY/EM BUT RA!R A DEF9ITE TR5D 9 ! HI/ORIC DEVELOPM5T ( MANK9D1 :I*1 9 CONTRA/ ) ! 9TELLECTUAL GU>DIAN%IP ( ALL CL]ICAL & GOV]NM5TAL 9/ITUTIONS1 /RIVES = ! FREE UNH9D]$ UNFOLD+ ( ALL ! 9DIVIDUAL & SOCIAL =CES 9 LIFE4 ,EV5 FRE$OM IS ONLY A RELATIVE1 NOT AN ABSOLUTE CONCEPT1 S9CE IT T5DS CON/ANTLY TO BECOME BROAD] & TO AFFECT WID] CIRCLES 9 MORE MANIFOLD WAYS4 ,= ! AN>*I/1 FRE$OM IS NOT AN AB/RACT PHILOSOPHICAL CONCEPT1 BUT ! VITAL CONCRETE POSSIBILITY = EV]Y HUMAN BE+ TO BR+ TO FULL DEVELOPM5T ALL ! P[]S1 CAPACITIES1 & TAL5TS ) :I* NATURE HAS 5D[$ HIM1 & TURN !M TO SOCIAL ACC\NT4 ,! LESS ?IS NATURAL DEVELOPM5T ( MAN IS 9FLU5C$ BY ECCLESIA/ICAL OR POLITICAL GU>DIAN%IP1 ! MORE EFFICI5T & H>MONI\S WILL HUMAN P]SONALITY BECOME1 ! MORE WILL IT BECOME ! MEASURE ( ! 9TELLECTUAL CULTURE ( ! SOCIETY 9 :I* IT HAS GR[N4.<#b.> 

,ONE MI<T ASK :AT VALUE !RE IS 9 /UDY+ A 0DEF9ITE TR5D 9 ! HI/ORIC DEVELOPM5T ( MANK9D0 ?AT DOES NOT >TICULATE A SPECIFIC & DETAIL$ SOCIAL !ORY4 ,9DE$1 MANY COMM5TATORS DISMISS AN>*ISM AS UTOPIAN1 =MLESS1 PRIMITIVE1 OR O!RWISE 9COMPATIBLE ) ! REALITIES ( A COMPLEX SOCIETY4 ,ONE MI<T1 H[EV]1 >GUE RA!R DIFF]5TLY3 ?AT AT EV]Y /AGE ( HI/ORY \R CONC]N MU/ BE TO DISMANTLE ?OSE =MS ( AU?ORITY & OPPRESSION ?AT SURVIVE FROM AN ]A :5 !Y MI<T HAVE BE5 JU/IFI$ 9 T]MS ( ! NE$ = SECURITY OR SURVIVAL OR ECONOMIC DEVELOPM5T1 BUT ?AT N[ CONTRIBUTE TO---RA!R ?AN ALLEVIATE---MAT]IAL & CULTURAL DEFICIT4 ,IF SO1 !RE WILL BE NO DOCTR9E ( SOCIAL *ANGE FIX$ = ! PRES5T & FUTURE1 NOR EV51 NECESS>ILY1 A SPECIFIC & UN*ANG+ CONCEPT ( ! GOALS T[>DS :I* SOCIAL *ANGE %\LD T5D4 ,SURELY \R UND]/&+ ( ! NATURE ( MAN OR ( ! RANGE ( VIABLE SOCIAL =MS IS SO RUDIM5T>Y ?AT ANY F>-REA*+ DOCTR9E MU/ BE TREAT$ ) GREAT SKEPTICISM1 JU/ AS SKEPTICISM IS 9 ORD] :5 WE HE> ?AT 0HUMAN NATURE0 OR 0! DEM&S ( EFFICI5CY0 OR 0! COMPLEXITY ( MOD]N LIFE0 REQUIRES ?IS OR ?AT =M ( OPPRESSION & AUTOCRATIC RULE4 

,NEV]!LESS1 AT A P>TICUL> TIME !RE IS EV]Y REASON TO DEVELOP1 9S(> AS \R UND]/&+ P]MITS1 A SPECIFIC REALIZATION ( ?IS DEF9ITE TR5D 9 ! HI/ORIC DEVELOPM5T ( MANK9D1 APPROPRIATE TO ! TASKS ( ! MOM5T4 ,= ,ROCK]1 0! PROBLEM ?AT IS SET = \R TIME IS ?AT ( FREE+ MAN FROM ! CURSE ( ECONOMIC EXPLOITATION & POLITICAL & SOCIAL 5SLAVEM5T02 & ! ME?OD IS NOT ! CONQUE/ & EX]CISE ( /ATE P[]1 NOR /ULTIFY+ P>LIAM5T>IANISM1 BUT RA!R 0TO RECON/RUCT ! ECONOMIC LIFE ( ! PEOPLES FROM ! GR\ND UP & BUILD IT UP 9 ! SPIRIT ( ,SOCIALISM40 

,BUT ONLY ! PRODUC]S !MSELVES >E FITT$ = ?IS TASK1 S9CE !Y >E ! ONLY VALUE-CREAT+ ELEM5T 9 SOCIETY \T ( :I* A NEW FUTURE CAN >ISE4 ,!IRS MU/ BE ! TASK ( FREE+ LABOR FROM ALL ! FETT]S :I* ECONOMIC EXPLOITATION HAS FA/5$ ON IT1 ( FREE+ SOCIETY FROM ALL ! 9/ITUTIONS & PROC$URE ( POLITICAL P[]1 & ( OP5+ ! WAY TO AN ALLIANCE ( FREE GR\PS ( M5 & WOM5 BAS$ ON COOP]ATIVE LABOR & A PLANN$ ADM9I/RATION ( ?+S 9 ! 9T]E/ ( ! COMMUNITY4 ,TO PREP>E ! TOIL+ MASSES 9 ! CITY & C\NTRY = ?IS GREAT GOAL & TO B9D !M TOGE!R AS A MILITANT =CE IS ! OBJECTIVE ( MOD]N ,AN>*O-SYNDICALISM1 & 9 ?IS ITS :OLE PURPOSE IS EXHAU/$4 .<,P4 #a#h.> 

,AS A SOCIALI/1 ,ROCK] W\LD TAKE = GRANT$ 0?AT ! S]I\S1 F9AL1 COMPLETE LIB]ATION ( ! WORK]S IS POSSIBLE ONLY UPON ONE CONDITION3 ?AT ( ! APPROPRIATION ( CAPITAL1 ?AT IS1 ( RAW MAT]IAL & ALL ! TOOLS ( LABOR1 9CLUD+ L&1 BY ! :OLE BODY ( ! WORK]S40.<#c.> ,AS AN AN>*OSYNDICALI/1 HE 9SI/S1 FUR!R1 ?AT ! WORK]S' ORGANIZATIONS CREATE 0NOT ONLY ! IDEAS1 BUT ALSO ! FACTS ( ! FUTURE ITSELF0 9 ! PR]EVOLUTION>Y P]IOD1 ?AT !Y EMBODY 9 !MSELVES ! /RUCTURE ( ! FUTURE SOCIETY---& HE LOOKS =W>D TO A SOCIAL REVOLUTION ?AT WILL DISMANTLE ! /ATE APP>ATUS AS WELL AS EXPROPRIATE ! EXPROPRIATORS4 0,:AT WE PUT 9 PLACE ( ! GOV]NM5T IS 9DU/RIAL ORGANIZATION40 

,AN>*O-SYNDICALI/S >E CONV9C$ ?AT A ,SOCIALI/ ECONOMIC ORD] CANNOT BE CREAT$ BY ! DECREES & /ATUTES ( A GOV]NM5T1 BUT ONLY BY ! SOLID>IC COLLABORATION ( ! WORK]S ) H& & BRA9 9 EA* SPECIAL BRAN* ( PRODUCTION2 ?AT IS1 ?R\< ! TAK+ OV] ( ! MANAGEM5T ( ALL PLANTS BY ! PRODUC]S !MSELVES UND] SU* =M ?AT ! SEP>ATE GR\PS1 PLANTS1 & BRAN*ES ( 9DU/RY >E 9DEP5D5T MEMB]S ( ! G5]AL ECONOMIC ORGANISM & SY/EMATICALLY C>RY ON PRODUCTION & ! DI/RIBUTION ( ! PRODUCTS 9 ! 9T]E/ ( ! COMMUNITY ON ! BASIS ( FREE MUTUAL AGREEM5TS4 .<P4 #i#d.> 

,ROCK] WAS WRIT+ AT A MOM5T :5 SU* IDEAS HAD BE5 PUT 9TO PRACTICE 9 A DRAMATIC WAY 9 ! ,SPANI% ,REVOLUTION4 ,JU/ PRIOR TO ! \TBREAK ( ! REVOLUTION1 ! AN>*OSYNDICALI/ ECONOMI/ ,DIEGO ,ABAD DE ,SANTILLAN HAD WRITT53 

4449 FAC+ ! PROBLEM ( SOCIAL TRANS=MATION1 ! ,REVOLUTION CANNOT CONSID] ! /ATE AS A M$IUM1 BUT MU/ DEP5D ON ! ORGANIZATION ( PRODUC]S4 

,WE HAVE FOLL[$ ?IS NORM & WE F9D NO NE$ = ! HYPO!SIS ( A SUP]IOR P[] TO ORGANIZ$ LABOR1 9 ORD] TO E/ABLI% A NEW ORD] ( ?+S4 ,WE W\LD ?ANK ANYONE TO PO9T \T TO US :AT FUNCTION1 IF ANY1 ! ,/ATE CAN HAVE 9 AN ECONOMIC ORGANIZATION1 :]E PRIVATE PROP]TY HAS BE5 ABOLI%$ & 9 :I* P>ASITISM & SPECIAL PRIVILEGE HAVE NO PLACE4 ,! SUPPRESSION ( ! ,/ATE CANNOT BE A LANGUID AFFAIR2 IT MU/ BE ! TASK ( ! ,REVOLUTION TO F9I% ) ! ,/ATE4 ,EI!R ! ,REVOLUTION GIVES SOCIAL WEAL? TO ! PRODUC]S 9 :I* CASE ! PRODUC]S ORGANIZE !MSELVES = DUE COLLECTIVE DI/RIBUTION & ! ,/ATE HAS NO?+ TO DO2 OR ! ,REVOLUTION DOES NOT GIVE SOCIAL WEAL? TO ! PRODUC]S1 9 :I* CASE ! ,REVOLUTION HAS BE5 A LIE & ! ,/ATE W\LD CONT9UE4 

,\R F$]AL C\NCIL ( ECONOMY IS NOT A POLITICAL P[] BUT AN ECONOMIC & ADM9I/RATIVE REGULAT+ P[]4 ,IT RECEIVES ITS ORI5TATION FROM BEL[ & OP]ATES 9 ACCORDANCE ) ! RESOLUTIONS ( ! REGIONAL & NATIONAL ASSEMBLIES4 ,IT IS A LIAISON CORPS & NO?+ ELSE4.<#d.> 

,5GELS1 9 A LETT] ( #a#h#h#c1 EXPRESS$ HIS DISAGREEM5T ) ?IS CONCEPTION AS FOLL[S3 

,! AN>*I/S PUT ! ?+ UPSIDE D[N4 ,!Y DECL>E ?AT ! PROLET>IAN REVOLUTION MU/ BEG9 BY DO+ AWAY ) ! POLITICAL ORGANIZATION ( ! /ATE4444,BUT TO DE/ROY IT AT SU* A MOM5T W\LD BE TO DE/ROY ! ONLY ORGANISM BY MEANS ( :I* ! VICTORI\S PROLET>IAT CAN ASS]T ITS NEWLY-CONQU]$ P[]1 HOLD D[N ITS CAPITALI/ ADV]S>IES1 & C>RY \T ?AT ECONOMIC REVOLUTION ( SOCIETY )\T :I* ! :OLE VICTORY MU/ 5D 9 A NEW DEFEAT & A MASS SLAU<T] ( ! WORK]S SIMIL> TO ?OSE AFT] ! ,P>IS COMMUNE4.<#e.> 

,9 CONTRA/1 ! AN>*I/S---MO/ ELOQU5TLY ,BAKUN9---W>N$ ( ! DANG]S ( ! 0R$ BUREAUCRACY10 :I* W\LD PROVE TO BE 0! MO/ VILE & T]RIBLE LIE ?AT \R C5TURY HAS CREAT$40.<#f.> ,! AN>*OSYNDICALI/ ,F]N& ,PELL\TI] ASK$3 0,MU/ EV5 ! TRANSITORY /ATE TO :I* WE HAVE TO SUBMIT NECESS>ILY & FATALLY BE A COLLECTIVI/ JAIL8 ,CAN'T IT CONSI/ 9 A FREE ORGANIZATION LIMIT$ EXCLUSIVELY BY ! NE$S ( PRODUCTION & CONSUMPTION1 ALL POLITICAL 9/ITUTIONS HAV+ DISAPPE>$80.<#g.> 

,I DO NOT PRET5D TO KN[ ! ANSW]S TO ?IS QUE/ION4 ,BUT IT SEEMS CLE> ?AT UNLESS !RE IS1 9 SOME =M1 A POSITIVE ANSW]1 ! *ANCES = A TRULY DEMOCRATIC REVOLUTION ?AT WILL A*IEVE ! HUMANI/IC IDEALS ( ! LEFT >E NOT GREAT4 ,M>T9 ,BUB] PUT ! PROBLEM SUCC9CTLY :5 HE WROTE3 0,ONE CANNOT 9 ! NATURE ( ?+S EXPECT A LITTLE TREE ?AT HAS BE5 TURN$ 9TO A CLUB TO PUT =? LEAVES40.<#h.> ,! QUE/ION ( CONQUE/ OR DE/RUCTION ( /ATE P[] IS :AT ,BAKUN9 REG>D$ AS ! PRIM>Y ISSUE DIVID+ HIM FROM ,M>X4.<#i.> ,9 ONE =M OR ANO!R1 ! PROBLEM HAS >IS5 REPEAT$LY 9 ! C5TURY S9CE1 DIVID+ 0LIB]T>IAN0 FROM 0AU?ORIT>IAN0 SOCIALI/S4 

,DESPITE ,BAKUN9'S W>N+S AB\T ! R$ BUREAUCRACY1 & !IR FULFILLM5T UND] ,/AL9'S DICTATOR%IP1 IT W\LD OBVI\SLY BE A GROSS ]ROR 9 9T]PRET+ ! DEBATES ( A C5TURY AGO TO RELY ON ! CLAIMS ( CONTEMPOR>Y SOCIAL MOVEM5TS AS TO !IR HI/ORICAL ORIG9S4 ,9 P>TICUL>1 IT IS P]V]SE TO REG>D ,BOL%EVISM AS 0,M>XISM 9 PRACTICE40 ,RA!R1 ! LEFT-W+ CRITIQUE ( ,BOL%EVISM1 TAK+ ACC\NT ( ! HI/ORICAL CIRCUM/ANCES SURR\ND+ ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION1 IS F> MORE TO ! PO9T4.<#a.> 

,! ANTI-,BOL%EVIK1 LEFT-W+ LABOR MOVEM5T OPPOS$ ! ,L59I/S BECAUSE !Y DID NOT GO F> 5\< 9 EXPLOIT+ ! ,RUSSIAN UPHEAVALS = /RICTLY PROLET>IAN 5DS4 ,!Y BECAME PRISON]S ( !IR 5VIRONM5T & US$ ! 9T]NATIONAL RADICAL MOVEM5T TO SATISFY SPECIFICALLY ,RUSSIAN NE$S1 :I* SOON BECAME SYNONYM\S ) ! NE$S ( ! ,BOL%EVIK ,P>TY-,/ATE4 ,! 0B\RGEOIS0 ASPECTS ( ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION W]E N[ DISCOV]$ 9 ,BOL%EVISM ITSELF3 ,L59ISM WAS ADJUDG$ A P>T ( 9T]NATIONAL SOCIAL-DEMOCRACY1 DIFF]+ FROM ! LATT] ONLY ON TACTICAL ISSUES4.<#a#a.> 

,IF ONE W]E TO SEEK A S+LE LEAD+ IDEA )9 ! AN>*I/ TRADITION1 IT %\LD1 ,I BELIEVE1 BE ?AT EXPRESS$ BY ,BAKUN9 :51 9 WRIT+ ON ! ,P>IS ,COMMUNE1 HE ID5TIFI$ HIMSELF AS FOLL[S3 

,I AM A FANATIC LOV] ( LIB]TY1 CONSID]+ IT AS ! UNIQUE CONDITION UND] :I* 9TELLIG5CE1 DIGNITY & HUMAN HAPP9ESS CAN DEVELOP & GR[2 NOT ! PURELY =MAL LIB]TY CONC$$1 MEASUR$ \T & REGULAT$ BY ! ,/ATE1 AN ET]NAL LIE :I* 9 REALITY REPRES5TS NO?+ MORE ?AN ! PRIVILEGE ( SOME F\ND$ ON ! SLAV]Y ( ! RE/2 NOT ! 9DIVIDUALI/IC1 EGOI/IC1 %ABBY1 & FICTITI\S LIB]TY EXTOLL$ BY ! ,S*OOL ( ,J4-,J4 ,R\SSEAU & O!R S*OOLS ( B\RGEOIS LIB]ALISM1 :I* CONSID]S ! W\LD-BE RI<TS ( ALL M51 REPRES5T$ BY ! ,/ATE :I* LIMITS ! RI<TS ( EA*---AN IDEA ?AT LEADS 9EVITABLY TO ! R$UCTION ( ! RI<TS ( EA* TO Z]O4 ,NO1 ,I MEAN ! ONLY K9D ( LIB]TY ?AT IS WOR?Y ( ! NAME1 LIB]TY ?AT CONSI/S 9 ! FULL DEVELOPM5T ( ALL ! MAT]IAL1 9TELLECTUAL & MORAL P[]S ?AT >E LAT5T 9 EA* P]SON2 LIB]TY ?AT RECOGNIZES NO RE/RICTIONS O!R ?AN ?OSE DET]M9$ BY ! LAWS ( \R [N 9DIVIDUAL NATURE1 :I* CANNOT PROP]LY BE REG>D$ AS RE/RICTIONS S9CE !SE LAWS >E NOT IMPOS$ BY ANY \TSIDE LEGISLATOR BESIDE OR ABOVE US1 BUT >E IMMAN5T & 9H]5T1 =M+ ! V]Y BASIS ( \R MAT]IAL1 9TELLECTUAL & MORAL BE+---!Y DO NOT LIMIT US BUT >E ! REAL & IMM$IATE CONDITIONS ( \R FRE$OM4.<#a#b.> 

,!SE IDEAS GREW \T ( ! ,5LI<T5M5T2 !IR ROOTS >E 9 ,R\SSEAU'S ,DISC\RSE ON ,9EQUALITY1 ,HUMBOLDT'S ,LIMITS ( ,/ATE ,ACTION1 ,KANT'S 9SI/5CE1 9 HIS DEF5SE ( ! ,FR5* ,REVOLUTION1 ?AT FRE$OM IS ! PRECONDITION = ACQUIR+ ! MATURITY = FRE$OM1 NOT A GIFT TO BE GRANT$ :5 SU* MATURITY IS A*IEV$4 ,) ! DEVELOPM5T ( 9DU/RIAL CAPITALISM1 A NEW & UNANTICIPAT$ SY/EM ( 9JU/ICE1 IT IS LIB]T>IAN SOCIALISM ?AT HAS PRES]V$ & EXT5D$ ! RADICAL HUMANI/ MESSAGE ( ! ,5LI<T5M5T & ! CLASSICAL LIB]AL IDEALS ?AT W]E P]V]T$ 9TO AN IDEOLOGY TO SU/A9 ! EM]G+ SOCIAL ORD]4 ,9 FACT1 ON ! V]Y SAME ASSUMPTIONS ?AT L$ CLASSICAL LIB]ALISM TO OPPOSE ! 9T]V5TION ( ! /ATE 9 SOCIAL LIFE1 CAPITALI/ SOCIAL RELATIONS >E ALSO 9TOL]ABLE4 ,?IS IS CLE>1 = EXAMPLE1 FROM ! CLASSIC WORK ( ,HUMBOLDT1 ,! ,LIMITS ( ,/ATE ,ACTION1 :I* ANTICIPAT$ & P]HAPS 9SPIR$ ,MILL4 ,?IS CLASSIC ( LIB]AL ?\<T1 COMPLET$ 9 #a#g#i#b1 IS 9 ITS ESS5CE PR(\NDLY1 ?\< PREMATURELY1 ANTICAPITALI/4 ,ITS IDEAS MU/ BE ATT5UAT$ BEYOND RECOGNITION TO BE TRANSMUT$ 9TO AN IDEOLOGY ( 9DU/RIAL CAPITALISM4 

,HUMBOLDT'S VISION ( A SOCIETY 9 :I* SOCIAL FETT]S >E REPLAC$ BY SOCIAL BONDS & LABOR IS FREELY UND]TAK5 SUGGE/S ! E>LY ,M>X41 ) HIS DISCUSSION ( ! 0ALI5ATION ( LABOR :5 WORK IS EXT]NAL TO ! WORK]444NOT P>T ( HIS NATURE444.<SO ?AT.> HE DOES NOT FULFILL HIMSELF 9 HIS WORK BUT D5IES HIMSELF444.<& IS.> PHYSICALLY EXHAU/$ & M5TALLY DEBAS$10 ALI5AT$ LABOR ?AT 0CA/S SOME ( ! WORK]S BACK 9TO A B>B>\S K9D ( WORK & TURNS O!RS 9TO MA*9ES10 ?US DEPRIV+ MAN ( HIS 0SPECIES *>ACT]0 ( 0FREE CONSCI\S ACTIVITY0 & 0PRODUCTIVE LIFE40 ,SIMIL>LY1 ,M>X CONCEIVES ( 0A NEW TYPE ( HUMAN BE+ :O NE$S HIS FELL[ M54444.<,! WORK]S' ASSOCIATION BECOMES.> ! REAL CON/RUCTIVE EF=T TO CREATE ! SOCIAL TEXTURE ( FUTURE HUMAN RELATIONS40.<#a#c.> ,IT IS TRUE ?AT CLASSICAL LIB]T>IAN ?\<T IS OPPOS$ TO /ATE 9T]V5TION 9 SOCIAL LIFE1 AS A CONSEQU5CE ( DEEP] ASSUMPTIONS AB\T ! HUMAN NE$ = LIB]TY1 DIV]SITY1 & FREE ASSOCIATION4 ,ON ! SAME ASSUMPTIONS1 CAPITALI/ RELATIONS ( PRODUCTION1 WAGE LABOR1 COMPETITIV5ESS1 ! IDEOLOGY ( 0POSSESSIVE 9DIVIDUALISM0---ALL MU/ BE REG>D$ AS FUNDAM5TALLY ANTIHUMAN4 ,LIB]T>IAN SOCIALISM IS PROP]LY TO BE REG>D$ AS ! 9H]ITOR ( ! LIB]AL IDEALS ( ! ,5LI<T5M5T4 

,RUDOLF ,ROCK] DESCRIBES MOD]N AN>*ISM AS 0! CONFLU5CE ( ! TWO GREAT CURR5TS :I* DUR+ & S9CE ! ,FR5* REVOLUTION HAVE F\ND SU* *>ACT]I/IC EXPRESSION 9 ! 9TELLECTUAL LIFE ( ,EUROPE3 ,SOCIALISM & ,LIB]ALISM40 ,! CLASSICAL LIB]AL IDEALS1 HE >GUES1 W]E WRECK$ ON ! REALITIES ( CAPITALI/ ECONOMIC =MS4 ,AN>*ISM IS NECESS>ILY ANTICAPITALI/ 9 ?AT IT 0OPPOSES ! EXPLOITATION ( MAN BY MAN40 ,BUT AN>*ISM ALSO OPPOSES 0! DOM9ION ( MAN OV] MAN40 ,IT 9SI/S ?AT 0SOCIALISM WILL BE FREE OR IT WILL NOT BE AT ALL4 ,9 ITS RECOGNITION ( ?IS LIES ! G5U9E & PR(\ND JU/IFICATION = ! EXI/5CE ( AN>*ISM40.<#a#d.> ,FROM ?IS PO9T ( VIEW1 AN>*ISM MAY BE REG>D$ AS ! LIB]T>IAN W+ ( SOCIALISM4 ,IT IS 9 ?IS SPIRIT ?AT ,DANIEL ,GU]9 HAS APPROA*$ ! /UDY ( AN>*ISM 9 ,AN>*ISM & O!R WORKS4.<#a#e.> ,GU]9 QUOTES ,ADOLPH ,FIS*]1 :O SAID ?AT 0EV]Y AN>*I/ IS A SOCIALI/ BUT NOT EV]Y SOCIALI/ IS NECESS>ILY AN AN>*I/40 ,SIMIL>LY ,BAKUN91 9 HIS 0AN>*I/ MANIFE/O0 ( #a#h#f#e1 ! PROGRAM ( HIS PROJECT$ 9T]NATIONAL REVOLUTION>Y FRAT]NITY1 LAID D[N ! PR9CIPLE ?AT EA* MEMB] MU/ BE1 TO BEG9 )1 A SOCIALI/4 

,A CONSI/5T AN>*I/ MU/ OPPOSE PRIVATE [N]%IP ( ! MEANS ( PRODUCTION & ! WAGE SLAV]Y :I* IS A COMPON5T ( ?IS SY/EM1 AS 9COMPATIBLE ) ! PR9CIPLE ?AT LABOR MU/ BE FREELY UND]TAK5 & UND] ! CONTROL ( ! PRODUC]4 ,AS ,M>X PUT IT1 SOCIALI/S LOOK =W>D TO A SOCIETY 9 :I* LABOR WILL 0BECOME NOT ONLY A MEANS ( LIFE1 BUT ALSO ! HI<E/ WANT 9 LIFE10.<#a#f.> AN IMPOSSIBILITY :5 ! WORK] IS DRIV5 BY EXT]NAL AU?ORITY OR NE$ RA!R ?AN 9N] IMPULSE3 0NO =M ( WAGE-LABOR1 EV5 ?\< ONE MAY BE LESS OBNOXI\S ?AT ANO!R1 CAN DO AWAY ) ! MIS]Y ( WAGE-LABOR ITSELF40.<#a#g.> ,A CONSI/5T AN>*I/ MU/ OPPOSE NOT ONLY ALI5AT$ LABOR BUT ALSO ! /UPEFY+ SPECIALIZATION ( LABOR ?AT TAKES PLACE :5 ! MEANS = DEVELOP+ PRODUCTION 

MUTILATE ! WORK] 9TO A FRAGM5T ( A HUMAN BE+1 DEGRADE HIM TO BECOME A M]E APPURT5ANCE ( ! MA*9E1 MAKE HIS WORK SU* A TORM5T ?AT ITS ESS5TIAL MEAN+ IS DE/ROY$2 E/RANGE FROM HIM ! 9TELLECTUAL POT5TIALITIES ( ! LABOR PROCESS 9 V]Y PROPORTION TO ! EXT5T TO :I* SCI5CE IS 9CORPORAT$ 9TO IT AS AN 9DEP5D5T P[]444.<#a#h.> 

,M>X SAW ?IS NOT AS AN 9EVITABLE CONCOMITANT ( 9DU/RIALIZATION1 BUT RA!R AS A FEATURE ( CAPITALI/ RELATIONS ( PRODUCTION4 ,! SOCIETY ( ! FUTURE MU/ BE CONC]N$ TO 0REPLACE ! DETAIL-WORK] ( TODAY444R$UC$ TO A M]E FRAGM5T ( A MAN1 BY ! FULLY DEVELOP$ 9DIVIDUAL1 FIT = A V>IETY ( LABORS444TO :OM ! DIFF]5T SOCIAL FUNCTIONS444>E BUT SO MANY MODES ( GIV+ FREE SCOPE TO HIS [N NATURAL P[]S40.<#a#i.> ,! PR]EQUISITE IS ! ABOLITION ( CAPITAL & WAGE LABOR AS SOCIAL CATEGORIES 7NOT TO SPEAK ( ! 9DU/RIAL >MIES ( ! 0LABOR /ATE0 OR ! V>I\S MOD]N =MS ( TOTALIT>IANISM S9CE CAPITALISM74 ,! R$UCTION ( MAN TO AN APPURT5ANCE ( ! MA*9E1 A SPECIALIZ$ TOOL ( PRODUCTION1 MI<T 9 PR9CIPLE BE OV]COME1 RA!R ?AN 5HANC$1 ) ! PROP] DEVELOPM5T & USE ( TE*NOLOGY1 BUT NOT UND] ! CONDITIONS ( AUTOCRATIC CONTROL ( PRODUCTION BY ?OSE :O MAKE MAN AN 9/RUM5T TO S]VE !IR 5DS1 OV]LOOK+ HIS 9DIVIDUAL PURPOSES1 9 ,HUMBOLDT'S PHRASE4 

,AN>*OSYNDICALI/S S\<T1 EV5 UND] CAPITALISM1 TO CREATE 0FREE ASSOCIATIONS ( FREE PRODUC]S0 ?AT W\LD 5GAGE 9 MILITANT /RUGGLE & PREP>E TO TAKE OV] ! ORGANIZATION ( PRODUCTION ON A DEMOCRATIC BASIS4 ,!SE ASSOCIATIONS W\LD S]VE AS 0A PRACTICAL S*OOL ( AN>*ISM40.<#b.> ,IF PRIVATE [N]%IP ( ! MEANS ( PRODUCTION IS1 9 ,PR\DHON'S (T5 QUOT$ PHRASE1 M]ELY A =M ( 0!FT0---0! EXPLOITATION ( ! WEAK BY ! /RONG0.<#b#a.>---CONTROL ( PRODUCTION BY A /ATE BUREAUCRACY1 NO MATT] H[ B5EVOL5T ITS 9T5TIONS1 ALSO DOES NOT CREATE ! CONDITIONS UND] :I* LABOR1 MANUAL & 9TELLECTUAL1 CAN BECOME ! HI<E/ WANT 9 LIFE4 ,BO?1 !N1 MU/ BE OV]COME4 

,9 HIS ATTACK ON ! RI<T ( PRIVATE OR BUREAUCRATIC CONTROL OV] ! MEANS ( PRODUCTION11 ! AN>*I/ TAKES HIS /& ) ?OSE :O /RUGGLE TO BR+ AB\T 0! ?IRD & LA/ EMANCIPATORY PHASE ( HI/ORY10 ! FIR/ HAV+ MADE S]FS \T ( SLAVES1 ! SECOND HAV+ MADE WAGE E>N]S \T ( S]FS1 & ! ?IRD :I* ABOLI%ES ! PROLET>IAT 9 A F9AL ACT ( LIB]ATION ?AT PLACES CONTROL OV] ! ECONOMY 9 ! H&S ( FREE & VOLUNT>Y ASSOCIATIONS ( PRODUC]S 7,F\RI]1 #a#h#d#h74.<#b#b.> ,! IMM95T DANG] TO 0CIVILIZATION0 WAS NOT$ BY DE ,TOCQUEVILLE1 ALSO 9 #a#h#d#h3 

,AS LONG AS ! RI<T ( PROP]TY WAS ! ORIG9 & GR\NDWORK ( MANY O!R RI<TS1 IT WAS EASILY DEF5D$---OR RA!R IT WAS NOT ATTACK$2 IT WAS !N ! CITADEL ( SOCIETY :ILE ALL ! O!R RI<TS W]E ITS \TWORKS2 IT DID NOT BE> ! BRUNT ( ATTACK &1 9DE$1 !RE WAS NO S]I\S ATTEMPT TO ASSAIL IT4 BUT TODAY1 :5 ! RI<T ( PROP]TY IS REG>D$ AS ! LA/ UNDE/ROY$ REMNANT ( ! >I/OCRATIC WORLD1 :5 IT ALONE IS LEFT /&+1 ! SOLE PRIVILEGE 9 AN EQUALIZ$ SOCIETY1 IT IS A DIFF]5T MATT]4 ,CONSID] :AT IS HAPP5+ 9 ! HE>TS ( ! WORK+-CLASSES1 AL?\< ,I ADMIT !Y >E QUIET AS YET4 ,IT IS TRUE ?AT !Y >E LESS 9FLAM$ ?AN =M]LY BY POLITICAL PASSIONS PROP]LY SPEAK+2 BUT DO Y\ NOT SEE ?AT !IR PASSIONS1 F> FROM BE+ POLITICAL1 HAVE BECOME SOCIAL8 ,DO Y\ NOT SEE ?AT1 LITTLE BY LITTLE1 IDEAS & OP9IONS >E SPREAD+ AMONG !M :I* AIM NOT M]ELY AT REMOV+ SU* & SU* LAWS1 SU* A M9I/RY OR SU* A GOV]NM5T1 BUT AT BREAK+ UP ! V]Y F\NDATIONS ( SOCIETY ITSELF8.<#b#c.> 

,! WORK]S ( ,P>IS1 9 #a#h#g#a1 BROKE ! SIL5CE1 & PROCE$$ 

TO ABOLI% PROP]TY1 ! BASIS ( ALL CIVILIZATION6 ,YES1 G5TLEM51 ! ,COMMUNE 9T5D$ TO ABOLI% ?AT CLASS PROP]TY :I* MAKES ! LABOR ( ! MANY ! WEAL? ( ! FEW4 ,IT AIM$ AT ! EXPROPRIATION ( ! EXPROPRIATORS4 ,IT WANT$ TO MAKE 9DIVIDUAL PROP]TY A TRU? BY TRANS=M+ ! MEANS ( PRODUCTION1 L& & CAPITAL1 N[ *IEFLY ! MEANS ( 5SLAV+ & EXPLOIT+ LABOR1 9TO M]E 9/RUM5TS ( FREE & ASSOCIAT$ LABOR4.<#b#d.> 

,! ,COMMUNE1 ( C\RSE1 WAS DR[N$ 9 BLOOD4 ,! NATURE ( ! 0CIVILIZATION0 ?AT ! WORK]S ( ,P>IS S\<T TO OV]COME 9 !IR ATTACK ON 0! V]Y F\NDATIONS ( SOCIETY ITSELF0 WAS REVEAL$1 ONCE AGA91 :5 ! TROOPS ( ! ,V]SAILLES GOV]NM5T RECONQU]$ ,P>IS FROM ITS POPULATION4 ,AS ,M>X WROTE1 BITT]LY BUT ACCURATELY3 

,! CIVILIZATION & JU/ICE ( B\RGEOIS ORD] COMES \T 9 ITS LURID LI<T :5EV] ! SLAVES & DRUDGES ( ?AT ORD] RISE AGA9/ !IR MA/]S4 ,!N ?IS CIVILIZATION & JU/ICE /& =? AS UNDISGUIS$ SAVAG]Y & LAWLESS REV5GE444! 9F]NAL DE$S ( ! SOLDI]Y REFLECT ! 9NATE SPIRIT ( ?AT CIVILIZATION ( :I* !Y >E ! M]C5>Y V9DICATORS4444,! B\RGEOISIE ( ! :OLE WORLD1 :I* LOOKS COMPLAC5TLY UPON ! :OLESALE MASSACRE AFT] ! BATTLE1 IS CONVULS$ BY HORROR AT ! DE/RUCTION ( BRICK & MORT>4 .<,IBID41 PP4 #g#d1 #g#g.> 

,DESPITE ! VIOL5T DE/RUCTION ( ! ,COMMUNE1 ,BAKUN9 WROTE ?AT ,P>IS OP5S A NEW ]A1 0?AT ( ! DEF9ITIVE & COMPLETE EMANCIPATION ( ! POPUL> MASSES & !IR FUTURE TRUE SOLID>ITY1 ACROSS & DESPITE /ATE B\ND>IES444! NEXT REVOLUTION ( MAN1 9T]NATIONAL 9 SOLID>ITY1 WILL BE ! RESURRECTION ( ,P>IS0---A REVOLUTION ?AT ! WORLD /ILL AWAITS4 

,! CONSI/5T AN>*I/1 !N1 %\LD BE A SOCIALI/1 BUT A SOCIALI/ ( A P>TICUL> SORT4 ,HE WILL NOT ONLY OPPOSE ALI5AT$ & SPECIALIZ$ LABOR & LOOK =W>D TO ! APPROPRIATION ( CAPITAL BY ! :OLE BODY ( WORK]S1 BUT HE WILL ALSO 9SI/ ?AT ?IS APPROPRIATION BE DIRECT1 NOT EX]CIS$ BY SOME ELITE =CE ACT+ 9 ! NAME ( ! PROLET>IAT4 ,HE WILL1 9 %ORT1 OPPOSE 

! ORGANIZATION ( PRODUCTION BY ! ,GOV]NM5T4 ,IT MEANS ,/ATE-SOCIALISM1 ! COMM& ( ! ,/ATE (FICIALS OV] PRODUCTION & ! COMM& ( MANAG]S1 SCI5TI/S1 %OP-(FICIALS 9 ! %OP4444,! GOAL ( ! WORK+ CLASS IS LIB]ATION FROM EXPLOITATION4 ,?IS GOAL IS NOT REA*$ & CANNOT BE REA*$ BY A NEW DIRECT+ & GOV]N+ CLASS SUB/ITUT+ ITSELF = ! B\RGEOISIE4 ,IT IS ONLY REALIZ$ BY ! WORK]S !MSELVES BE+ MA/] OV] PRODUCTION4 

,!SE REM>KS >E TAK5 FROM 0,FIVE ,!SES ON ! ,CLASS ,/RUGGLE0 BY ! LEFT-W+ ,M>XI/ ,ANTON ,PANNEKOEK1 ONE ( ! \T/&+ LEFT !ORI/S ( ! C\NCIL COMMUNI/ MOVEM5T4 ,& 9 FACT1 RADICAL ,M>XISM M]GES ) AN>*I/ CURR5TS4 

,AS A FUR!R ILLU/RATION1 CONSID] ! FOLL[+ *>ACT]IZATION ( 0REVOLUTION>Y ,SOCIALISM03 

,! REVOLUTION>Y ,SOCIALI/ D5IES ?AT ,/ATE [N]%IP CAN 5D 9 ANY?+ O!R ?AN A BUREAUCRATIC DESPOTISM4 ,WE HAVE SE5 :Y ! ,/ATE CANNOT DEMOCRATICALLY CONTROL 9DU/RY4 ,9DU/RY CAN ONLY BE DEMOCRATICALLY [N$ & CONTROLL$ BY ! WORK]S ELECT+ DIRECTLY FROM !IR [N RANKS 9DU/RIAL ADM9I/RATIVE COMMITTEES4 ,SOCIALISM WILL BE FUNDAM5TALLY AN 9DU/RIAL SY/EM2 ITS CON/ITU5CIES WILL BE ( AN 9DU/RIAL *>ACT]4 ,?US ?OSE C>RY+ ON ! SOCIAL ACTIVITIES & 9DU/RIES ( SOCIETY WILL BE DIRECTLY REPRES5T$ 9 ! LOCAL & C5TRAL C\NCILS ( SOCIAL ADM9I/RATION4 ,9 ?IS WAY ! P[]S ( SU* DELEGATES WILL FL[ UPW>DS FROM ?OSE C>RY+ ON ! WORK & CONV]SANT ) ! NE$S ( ! COMMUNITY4 ,:5 ! C5TRAL ADM9I/RATIVE 9DU/RIAL COMMITTEE MEETS IT WILL REPRES5T EV]Y PHASE ( SOCIAL ACTIVITY4 ,H5CE ! CAPITALI/ POLITICAL OR GEOGRAPHICAL /ATE WILL BE REPLAC$ BY ! 9DU/RIAL ADM9I/RATIVE COMMITTEE ( ,SOCIALISM4 ,! TRANSITION FROM ! ONE SOCIAL SY/EM TO ! O!R WILL BE ! SOCIAL REVOLUTION4 ,! POLITICAL ,/ATE ?R\<\T HI/ORY HAS MEANT ! GOV]NM5T ( M5 BY RUL+ CLASSES2 ! ,REPUBLIC ( ,SOCIALISM WILL BE ! GOV]NM5T ( 9DU/RY ADM9I/]$ ON BEHALF ( ! :OLE COMMUNITY4 ,! =M] MEANT ! ECONOMIC & POLITICAL SUBJECTION ( ! MANY2 ! LATT] WILL MEAN ! ECONOMIC FRE$OM ( ALL---IT WILL BE1 !RE=E1 A TRUE DEMOCRACY4 

,?IS PROGRAMMATIC /ATEM5T APPE>S 9 ,WILLIAM ,PAUL'S ,! ,/ATE1 ITS ,ORIG9S & ,FUNCTIONS1 WRITT5 9 E>LY #a#i#a#g---%ORTLY BE=E ,L59'S ,/ATE & ,REVOLUTION1 P]HAPS HIS MO/ LIB]T>IAN WORK 7SEE NOTE #i74 ,PAUL WAS A MEMB] ( ! ,M>XI/-,DE ,LEONI/ ,SOCIALI/ ,LABOR ,P>TY & LAT] ONE ( ! F\ND]S ( ! ,BRITI% ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY4.<#b#e.> ,HIS CRITIQUE ( /ATE SOCIALISM RESEMBLES ! LIB]T>IAN DOCTR9E ( ! AN>*I/S 9 ITS PR9CIPLE ?AT S9CE /ATE [N]%IP & MANAGEM5T WILL LEAD TO BUREAUCRATIC DESPOTISM1 ! SOCIAL REVOLUTION MU/ REPLACE IT BY ! 9DU/RIAL ORGANIZATION ( SOCIETY ) DIRECT WORK]S' CONTROL4 ,MANY SIMIL> /ATEM5TS CAN BE CIT$4 

,:AT IS F> MORE IMPORTANT IS ?AT !SE IDEAS HAVE BE5 REALIZ$ 9 SPONTANE\S REVOLUTION>Y ACTION1 = EXAMPLE 9 ,G]MANY & ,ITALY AFT] ,WORLD ,W> ,I & 9 ,SPA9 7NOT ONLY 9 ! AGRICULTURAL C\NTRYSIDE1 BUT ALSO 9 9DU/RIAL ,B>CELONA7 9 #a#i#c#f4 ,ONE MI<T >GUE ?AT SOME =M ( C\NCIL COMMUNISM IS ! NATURAL =M ( REVOLUTION>Y SOCIALISM 9 AN 9DU/RIAL SOCIETY4 ,IT REFLECTS ! 9TUITIVE UND]/&+ ?AT DEMOCRACY IS SEV]ELY LIMIT$ :5 ! 9DU/RIAL SY/EM IS CONTROLL$ BY ANY =M ( AUTOCRATIC ELITE1 :E!R ( [N]S1 MANAG]S & TE*NOCRATS1 A 0VANGU>D0 P>TY1 OR A /ATE BUREAUCRACY4 ,UND] !SE CONDITIONS ( AU?ORIT>IAN DOM9ATION ! CLASSICAL LIB]T>IAN IDEALS DEVELOP$ FUR!R BY ,M>X & ,BAKUN9 & ALL TRUE REVOLUTION>IES CANNOT BE REALIZ$2 MAN WILL NOT BE FREE TO DEVELOP HIS [N POT5TIALITIES TO !IR FULLE/1 & ! PRODUC] WILL REMA9 0A FRAGM5T ( A HUMAN BE+10 DEGRAD$1 A TOOL 9 ! PRODUCTIVE PROCESS DIRECT$ FROM ABOVE4 

,! PHRASE 0SPONTANE\S REVOLUTION>Y ACTION0 CAN BE MISLEAD+4 ,! AN>*OSYNDICALI/S1 AT LEA/1 TOOK V]Y S]I\SLY ,BAKUN9'S REM>K ?AT ! WORK]S' ORGANIZATIONS MU/ CREATE 0NOT ONLY ! IDEAS BUT ALSO ! FACTS ( ! FUTURE ITSELF0 9 ! PR]EVOLUTION>Y P]IOD4 ,! ACCOMPLI%M5TS ( ! POPUL> REVOLUTION 9 ,SPA91 9 P>TICUL>1 W]E BAS$ ON ! PATI5T WORK ( MANY YE>S ( ORGANIZATION & $UCATION1 ONE COMPON5T ( A LONG TRADITION ( COMMITM5T & MILITANCY4 ,! RESOLUTIONS ( ! ,MADRID ,CONGRESS ( ,JUNE #aica & ! ,S>AGOSSA ,CONGRESS 9 ,MAY #aicf =E%AD[$ 9 MANY WAYS ! ACTS ( ! REVOLUTION1 AS DID ! SOME:AT DIFF]5T IDEAS SKET*$ BY ,SANTILLAN 7SEE NOTE #d7 9 HIS FAIRLY SPECIFIC ACC\NT ( ! SOCIAL & ECONOMIC ORGANIZATION TO BE 9/ITUT$ BY ! REVOLUTION4 ,GU]9 WRITES 0,! ,SPANI% REVOLUTION WAS RELATIVELY MATURE 9 ! M9DS ( LIB]T>IAN ?9K]S1 AS 9 ! POPUL> CONSCI\SNESS40 ,& WORK]S' ORGANIZATIONS EXI/$ ) ! /RUCTURE1 ! EXP]I5CE1 & ! UND]/&+ TO UND]TAKE ! TASK ( SOCIAL RECON/RUCTION :51 ) ! ,FRANCO C\P1 ! TURMOIL ( E>LY #aicf EXPLOD$ 9TO SOCIAL REVOLUTION4 ,9 HIS 9TRODUCTION TO A COLLECTION ( DOCUM5TS ON COLLECTIVIZATION 9 ,SPA91 ! AN>*I/ ,AUGU/9 ,S\*Y WRITES3 

,= MANY YE>S1 ! AN>*I/S & ! SYNDICALI/S ( ,SPA9 CONSID]$ !IR SUPREME TASK TO BE ! SOCIAL TRANS=MATION ( ! SOCIETY4 ,9 !IR ASSEMBLIES ( ,SYNDICATES & GR\PS1 9 !IR J\RNALS1 !IR BRO*URES & BOOKS1 ! PROBLEM ( ! SOCIAL REVOLUTION WAS DISCUSS$ 9CESSANTLY & 9 A SY/EMATIC FA%ION4.<#b#f.> 

,ALL ( ?IS LIES BEH9D ! SPONTANE\S A*IEVEM5TS1 ! CON/RUCTIVE WORK ( ! ,SPANI% ,REVOLUTION4 

,! IDEAS ( LIB]T>IAN SOCIALISM1 9 ! S5SE DESCRIB$1 HAVE BE5 SUBM]G$ 9 ! 9DU/RIAL SOCIETIES ( ! PA/ HALF-C5TURY4 ,! DOM9ANT IDEOLOGIES HAVE BE5 ?OSE ( /ATE SOCIALISM OR /ATE CAPITALISM 7( 9CREAS+LY MILIT>IZ$ *>ACT] 9 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES1 = REASONS ?AT >E NOT OBSCURE74.<#b#g.> ,BUT !RE HAS BE5 A REK9DL+ ( 9T]E/ 9 ! PA/ FEW YE>S4 ,! !SES ,I QUOT$ BY ,ANTON ,PANNEKOEK W]E TAK5 FROM A REC5T PAMPHLET ( A RADICAL ,FR5* WORK]S' GR\P 7,9=MATIONS ,CORRESPONDANCE ,\VRI,A8RE74 ,! REM>KS BY ,WILLIAM ,PAUL ON REVOLUTION>Y SOCIALISM >E CIT$ 9 A PAP] BY ,WALT] ,K5DALL GIV5 AT ! ,NATIONAL ,CONF]5CE ON ,WORK]S' ,CONTROL 9 ,%EFFIELD1 ,5GL&1 9 ,M>* #a#i#f#i4 ,! WORK]S' CONTROL MOVEM5T HAS BECOME A SIGNIFICANT =CE 9 ,5GL& 9 ! PA/ FEW YE>S4 ,IT HAS ORGANIZ$ SEV]AL CONF]5CES & HAS PRODUC$ A SUB/ANTIAL PAMPHLET LIT]ATURE1 & C\NTS AMONG ITS ACTIVE ADH]5TS REPRES5TATIVES ( SOME ( ! MO/ IMPORTANT TRADE UNIONS4 ,! ,AMALGAMAT$ ,5G9E]+ & ,F\NDRY ,WORK]S' ,UNION1 = EXAMPLE1 HAS ADOPT$1 AS (FICIAL POLICY1 ! PROGRAM ( NATIONALIZATION ( BASIC 9DU/RIES UND] 0WORK]S' CONTROL AT ALL LEVELS40.<#b#h.> ,ON ! ,CONT95T1 !RE >E SIMIL> DEVELOPM5TS4 ,MAY #aifh ( C\RSE ACCEL]AT$ ! GR[+ 9T]E/ 9 C\NCIL COMMUNISM & RELAT$ IDEAS 9 ,FRANCE & ,G]MANY1 AS IT DID 9 ,5GL&4 

,GIV5 ! HI<LY CONS]VATIVE CA/ ( \R HI<LY IDEOLOGICAL SOCIETY1 IT IS NOT TOO SURPRIS+ ?AT ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES HAS BE5 RELATIVELY UNT\*$ BY !SE DEVELOPM5TS4 ,BUT ?AT TOO MAY *ANGE4 ,! ]OSION ( COLD-W> MY?OLOGY AT LEA/ MAKES IT POSSIBLE TO RAISE !SE QUE/IONS 9 FAIRLY BROAD CIRCLES4 ,IF ! PRES5T WAVE ( REPRESSION CAN BE BEAT5 BACK1 IF ! LEFT CAN OV]COME ITS MORE SUICIDAL T5D5CIES & BUILD UPON :AT HAS BE5 ACCOMPLI%$ 9 ! PA/ DECADE1 !N ! PROBLEM ( H[ TO ORGANIZE 9DU/RIAL SOCIETY ON TRULY DEMOCRATIC L9ES1 ) DEMOCRATIC CONTROL 9 ! WORKPLACE & 9 ! COMMUNITY1 %\LD BECOME A DOM9ANT 9TELLECTUAL ISSUE = ?OSE :O >E ALIVE TO ! PROBLEMS ( CONTEMPOR>Y SOCIETY1 &1 AS A MASS MOVEM5T = LIB]T>IAN SOCIALISM DEVELOPS1 SPECULATION %\LD PROCE$ TO ACTION4 

,9 HIS MANIFE/O ( #a#h#f#e1 ,BAKUN9 PR$ICT$ ?AT ONE ELEM5T 9 ! SOCIAL REVOLUTION WILL BE 0?AT 9TELLIG5T & TRULY NOBLE P>T ( Y\? :I*1 ?\< BELONG+ BY BIR? TO ! PRIVILEG$ CLASSES1 9 ITS G5]\S CONVICTIONS & >D5T ASPIRATIONS1 ADOPTS ! CAUSE ( ! PEOPLE40 ,P]HAPS 9 ! RISE ( ! /UD5T MOVEM5T ( ! #a#i#fS ONE SEES /EPS T[>DS A FULFILLM5T ( ?IS PROPHECY4 

,DANIEL ,GU]9 HAS UND]TAK5 :AT HE HAS DESCRIB$ AS A 0PROCESS ( REHABILITATION0 ( AN>*ISM4 ,HE >GUES1 CONV9C+LY ,I BELIEVE1 ?AT 0! CON/RUCTIVE IDEAS ( AN>*ISM RETA9 !IR VITALITY1 ?AT !Y MAY1 :5 REEXAM9$ & SIFT$1 ASSI/ CONTEMPOR>Y SOCIALI/ ?\<T TO UND]TAKE A NEW DEP>TURE444.<&.> CONTRIBUTE TO 5RI*+ ,M>XISM40.<#b#i.> 

,FROM ! 0BROAD BACK0 ( AN>*ISM HE HAS SELECT$ = MORE 9T5SIVE SCRUT9Y ?OSE IDEAS & ACTIONS ?AT CAN BE DESCRIB$ AS LIB]T>IAN SOCIALI/4 ,?IS IS NATURAL & PROP]4 ,?IS FRAMEWORK ACCOMMODATES ! MAJOR AN>*I/ SPOKESM5 AS WELL AS ! MASS ACTIONS ?AT HAVE BE5 ANIMAT$ BY AN>*I/ S5TIM5TS & IDEALS4 ,GU]9 IS CONC]N$ NOT ONLY ) AN>*I/ ?\<T BUT ALSO ) ! SPONTANE\S ACTIONS ( POPUL> REVOLUTION>Y /RUGGLE4 ,HE IS CONC]N$ ) SOCIAL AS WELL AS 9TELLECTUAL CREATIVITY4 ,FUR!RMORE1 HE ATTEMPTS TO DRAW FROM ! CON/RUCTIVE A*IEVEM5TS ( ! PA/ LESSONS ?AT WILL 5RI* ! !ORY ( SOCIAL LIB]ATION4 ,= ?OSE :O WI% NOT ONLY TO UND]/& ! WORLD1 BUT ALSO TO *ANGE IT1 ?IS IS ! PROP] WAY TO /UDY ! HI/ORY ( AN>*ISM4 

,GU]9 DESCRIBES ! AN>*ISM ( ! N9ETE5? C5TURY AS ESS5TIALLY DOCTR9AL1 :ILE ! TW5TIE? C5TURY1 = ! AN>*I/S1 HAS BE5 A TIME ( 0REVOLUTION>Y PRACTICE40.<#c.> ,AN>*ISM REFLECTS ?AT JUDGM5T4 ,HIS 9T]PRETATION ( AN>*ISM CONSCI\SLY PO9TS T[>D ! FUTURE4 ,>?UR ,ROS5B]G ONCE PO9T$ \T ?AT POPUL> REVOLUTIONS *>ACT]I/ICALLY SEEK TO REPLACE 0A FEUDAL OR C5TRALIZ$ AU?ORITY RUL+ BY =CE0 ) SOME =M ( COMMUNAL SY/EM :I* 0IMPLIES ! DE/RUCTION & DISAPPE>ANCE ( ! OLD =M ( ,/ATE40 ,SU* A SY/EM WILL BE EI!R SOCIALI/ OR AN 0EXTREME =M ( DEMOCRACY444.<:I* IS.> ! PRELIM9>Y CONDITION = ,SOCIALISM 9ASMU* AS ,SOCIALISM CAN ONLY BE REALIZ$ 9 A WORLD 5JOY+ ! HI<E/ POSSIBLE MEASURE ( 9DIVIDUAL FRE$OM40 ,?IS IDEAL1 HE NOTES1 WAS COMMON TO ,M>X & ! AN>*I/S4.<#c#a.> ,?IS NATURAL /RUGGLE = LIB]ATION RUNS C\NT] TO ! PREVAIL+ T5D5CY T[>DS C5TRALIZATION 9 ECONOMIC & POLITICAL LIFE4 

,A C5TURY AGO ,M>X WROTE ?AT ! WORK]S ( ,P>IS 0FELT !RE WAS BUT ONE ALT]NATIVE---! ,COMMUNE1 OR ! EMPIRE---UND] :ATEV] NAME IT MI<T REAPPE>40 

,! EMPIRE HAD RU9$ !M ECONOMICALLY BY ! HAVOC IT MADE ( PUBLIC WEAL?1 BY ! :OLESALE F9ANCIAL SW9DL+ IT FO/]$1 BY ! PROPS IT L5T TO ! >TIFICIALLY ACCEL]AT$ C5TRALIZATION ( CAPITAL1 & ! CONCOMITANT EXPROPRIATION ( !IR [N RANKS4 ,IT HAD SUPPRESS$ !M POLITICALLY1 IT HAD %OCK$ !M MORALLY BY ITS ORGIES1 IT HAD 9SULT$ !IR ,VOLTAIRIANISM BY H&+ OV] ! $UCATION ( !IR *ILDR5 TO ! FR,A8RES ,IGNORANT9S1 IT HAD REVOLT$ !IR NATIONAL FEEL+ AS ,FR5*M5 BY PRECIPITAT+ !M HEADLONG 9TO A W> :I* LEFT ONLY ONE EQUIVAL5T = ! RU9S IT MADE---! DISAPPE>ANCE ( ! EMPIRE4.<#c#b.> 

,! MIS]ABLE ,SECOND ,EMPIRE 0WAS ! ONLY =M ( GOV]NM5T POSSIBLE AT A TIME :5 ! B\RGEOISIE HAD ALREADY LO/1 & ! WORK+ CLASS HAD NOT YET ACQUIR$1 ! FACULTY ( RUL+ ! NATION40 

,IT IS NOT V]Y DIFFICULT TO REPHRASE !SE REM>KS SO ?AT !Y BECOME APPROPRIATE TO ! IMP]IAL SY/EMS ( #a#i#g4 ,! PROBLEM ( 0FREE+ MAN FROM ! CURSE ( ECONOMIC EXPLOITATION & POLITICAL & SOCIAL 5SLAVEM5T0 REMA9S ! PROBLEM ( \R TIME4 ,AS LONG AS ?IS IS SO1 ! DOCTR9ES & ! REVOLUTION>Y PRACTICE ( LIB]T>IAN SOCIALISM WILL S]VE AS AN 9SPIRATION & GUIDE4 

"9"9"9"9"9"9"9"9"9"9"9"9"9"9"9"9"9"9,N,O,T,E,S"9"9"9"9"9"9"9"9"9"9"9"9"9"9"9 

,?IS ESSAY IS A REVIS$ V]SION ( ! 9TRODUCTION TO ,DANIEL ,GU]9'S ,AN>*ISM3 ,FROM ,!ORY TO ,PRACTICE4 ,9 A SLI<TLY DIFF]5T V]SION1 IT APPE>$ 9 ! ,NEW ,YORK ,REVIEW ( ,BOOKS1 ,MAY #b#a1 #a#i#g4 

.<#a.> ,OCTAVE ,MIRBEAU1 QUOT$ 9 ,JAMES ,JOLL1 ,! ,AN>*I/S1 PP4 #a#d#e--#f4 

.<#b.> ,RUDOLF ,ROCK]1 ,AN>*OSYNDICALISM1 P4 #c#a4 

.<#c.> ,CIT$ BY ,ROCK]1 IBID41 P4 #g#g4 ,?IS QUOTATION & ?AT 9 ! NEXT S5T5CE >E FROM ,MI*AEL ,BAKUN91 0,! ,PROGRAM ( ! ,ALLIANCE10 9 ,SAM ,DOLG(F1 $4 & TRANS41 ,BAKUN9 ON ,AN>*Y1 P4 #b#e#e4 

.<#d.> ,DIEGO ,ABAD DE ,SANTILLAN1 ,AFT] ! ,REVOLUTION1 P4 #h#f4 ,9 ! LA/ *APT]1 WRITT5 SEV]AL MON?S AFT] ! REVOLUTION HAD BEGUN1 HE EXPRESSES HIS DISSATISFACTION ) :AT HAD SO F> BE5 A*IEV$ ALONG !SE L9ES4 ,ON ! ACCOMPLI%M5TS ( ! SOCIAL REVOLUTION 9 ,SPA91 SEE MY ,AM]ICAN ,P[] & ! ,NEW ,M&>9S1 *AP4 #a1 & REF]5CES CIT$ !RE2 ! IMPORTANT /UDY BY ,BR\E & ,TEMIME HAS S9CE BE5 TRANSLAT$ 9TO ,5GLI%4 ,SEV]AL O!R IMPORTANT /UDIES HAVE APPE>$ S9CE1 9 P>TICUL>3 ,FRANK ,M9TZ1 ,L',AUTOGE/ION DANS L',ESPAGNE REVOLUTIONAIRE 7,P>IS3 ,$ITIONS ,BELIBA/E1 #a#i#g#a72 ,CES> ,M4 ,LOR5ZO1 ,LES ,AN>*I/ES ESPAGNOLS ET LE P\VOIR1 #a#h#f#h--#a#i#f#i 7,P>IS3 ,$ITIONS DU ,SEUIL1 #a#i#f#i72 ,GA/ON ,LEVAL1 ,ESPAGNE LIB]TAIRE1 #a#i#c#f--#a#i#c#i3 ,L',OEUVRE CON/RUCTIVE DE LA ,REVOLUTION ESPAGNOLE 7,P>IS3 ,$ITIONS DU ,C]CLE1 #a#i#g#a74 ,SEE ALSO ,V]NON ,RI*>DS1 ,LESSONS ( ! ,SPANI% ,REVOLUTION1 5L>G$ #aigb $ITION4 

.<#e.> ,CIT$ BY ,ROB]T ,C4 ,TUCK]1 ,! ,M>XIAN ,REVOLUTION>Y ,IDEA1 9 HIS DISCUSSION ( ,M>XISM & AN>*ISM4 

.<#f.> ,BAKUN91 9 A LETT] TO ,H]Z5 & ,OG>EFF1 #a#h#f#f4 ,CIT$ BY ,DANIEL ,GU]91 ,JEUNESSE DU SOCIALISME LIB]TAIRE1 P4 #a#a#i4 

.<#g.> ,F]N& ,PELL\TI]1 CIT$ 9 ,JOLL1 ,AN>*I/S4 ,! S\RCE IS 0,L',AN>*ISME ET LES SYNDICATS \VRI]S10 ,LES ,TEMPS N\VEAUX1 #a#h#i#e4 ,! FULL TEXT APPE>S 9 ,DANIEL ,GU]91 $41 ,NI ,DIEU1 NI ,MA,A-TRE1 AN EXCELL5T HI/ORICAL AN?OLOGY ( AN>*ISM4 

.<#h.> ,M>T9 ,BUB]1 ,PA?S 9 ,UTOPIA1 P4 #a#b#g4 

.<#i.> 0,NO /ATE1 H[EV] DEMOCRATIC10 ,BAKUN9 WROTE1 0NOT EV5 ! R$DE/ REPUBLIC---CAN EV] GIVE ! PEOPLE :AT !Y REALLY WANT1 I4E41 ! FREE SELF-ORGANIZATION & ADM9I/RATION ( !IR [N AFFAIRS FROM ! BOTTOM UPW>D1 )\T ANY 9T]F]5CE OR VIOL5CE FROM ABOVE1 BECAUSE EV]Y /ATE1 EV5 ! PSEUDO-,PEOPLE'S ,/ATE CONCOCT$ BY ,MR4 ,M>X1 IS 9 ESS5CE ONLY A MA*9E RUL+ ! MASSES FROM ABOVE1 FROM A PRIVILEG$ M9ORITY ( CONCEIT$ 9TELLECTUALS1 :O IMAG9E ?AT !Y KN[ :AT ! PEOPLE NE$ & WANT BETT] ?AN DO ! PEOPLE !MSELVES44440 0,BUT ! PEOPLE WILL FEEL NO BETT] IF ! /ICK ) :I* !Y >E BE+ BEAT5 IS LABEL$ '! PEOPLE'S /ICK' 0 7,/ATISM & ,AN>*Y .<#a#h#g#c.>1 9 ,DOLG(F1 ,BAKUN9 ON ,AN>*Y1 P4 #c#c#h7---0! PEOPLE'S /ICK0 BE+ ! DEMOCRATIC ,REPUBLIC4 

,M>X1 ( C\RSE1 SAW ! MATT] DIFF]5TLY4 

,= DISCUSSION ( ! IMPACT ( ! ,P>IS ,COMMUNE ON ?IS DISPUTE1 SEE ,DANIEL ,GU]9'S COMM5TS 9 ,NI ,DIEU1 NI ,MA,A-TRE2 !SE ALSO APPE>1 SLI<TLY EXT5D$1 9 HIS ,P\R UN M>XISME LIB]TAIRE4 ,SEE ALSO NOTE #b#d4 

.<#a.> ,ON ,L59'S 09TELLECTUAL DEVIATION0 TO ! LEFT DUR+ #a#i#a#g1 SEE ,ROB]T ,V9C5T ,DANIELS1 0,! ,/ATE & ,REVOLUTION3 A ,CASE ,/UDY 9 ! ,G5ESIS & ,TRANS=MATION ( ,COMMUNI/ ,IDEOLOGY10 ,AM]ICAN ,SLAVIC & ,EA/ ,EUROPEAN ,REVIEW1 VOL4 #a#b1 NO4 #a 7#a#i#e#c74 

.<#a#a.> ,PAUL ,MATTICK1 ,M>X & ,KEYNES1 P4 #b#i#e4 

.<#a#b.> ,MI*AEL ,BAKUN91 0,LA ,COMMUNE DE ,P>IS ET LA NOTION DE L'ETAT10 REPR9T$ 9 ,GU]91 ,NI ,DIEU1 NI ,MA,A-TRE4 ,BAKUN9'S F9AL REM>K ON ! LAWS ( 9DIVIDUAL NATURE AS ! CONDITION ( FRE$OM CAN BE COMP>$ TO ! CREATIVE ?\<T DEVELOP$ 9 ! RATIONALI/ & ROMANTIC TRADITIONS4 ,SEE MY ,C>TESIAN ,L+UI/ICS & ,LANGUAGE & ,M9D4 

.<#a#c.> ,%LOMO ,AV9]I1 ,! ,SOCIAL & ,POLITICAL ,?\<T ( ,K>L ,M>X1 P4 #a#d#b1 REF]R+ TO COMM5TS 9 ,! ,HOLY ,FAMILY4 ,AV9]I /ATES ?AT )9 ! SOCIALI/ MOVEM5T ONLY ! ,ISRAELI KIBBUTZIM 0HAVE P]CEIV$ ?AT ! MODES & =MS ( PRES5T SOCIAL ORGANIZATION WILL DET]M9E ! /RUCTURE ( FUTURE SOCIETY40 ,?IS1 H[EV]1 WAS A *>ACT]I/IC POSITION ( AN>*OSYNDICALISM1 AS NOT$ E>LI]4 

.<#a#d.> ,ROCK]1 ,AN>*OSYNDICALISM1 P4 #b#h4 

.<#a#e.> ,SEE ,GU]9'S WORKS CIT$ E>LI]4 

.<#a#f.> ,K>L ,M>X1 ,CRITIQUE ( ! ,GO?A ,PROGRAM4 

.<#a#g.> ,K>L ,M>X1 ,GRUNDRISSE D] ,KRITIK D] ,POLITIS*5 ,A-KONOMIE1 CIT$ BY ,MATTICK1 ,M>X & ,KEYNES1 P4 #c#f4 ,9 ?IS CONNECTION1 SEE ALSO ,MATTICK'S ESSAY 0,WORK]S' ,CONTROL10 9 ,PRISCILLA ,LONG1 $41 ,! ,NEW ,LEFT2 & ,AV9]I1 ,SOCIAL & ,POLITICAL ,?\<T ( ,M>X4 

.<#a#h.> ,K>L ,M>X1 ,CAPITAL1 QUOT$ BY ,ROB]T ,TUCK]1 :O RI<TLY EMPHASIZES ?AT ,M>X SEES ! REVOLUTION>Y MORE AS A 0FRU/RAT$ PRODUC]0 ?AN A 0DISSATISFI$ CONSUM]0 7,! ,M>XIAN ,REVOLUTION>Y ,IDEA74 ,?IS MORE RADICAL CRITIQUE ( CAPITALI/ RELATIONS ( PRODUCTION IS A DIRECT \TGR[? ( ! LIB]T>IAN ?\<T ( ! ,5LI<T5M5T4 

.<#a#i.> ,M>X1 ,CAPITAL1 CIT$ BY ,AV9]I1 ,SOCIAL & ,POLITICAL ,?\<T ( ,M>X1 P4 #h#c4 

.<#b.> ,PELL\TI]1 0,L',AN>*ISME40 

.<#b#a.> 0,QU'E/-CE QUE LA PROPRIETE80 ,! PHRASE 0PROP]TY IS !FT0 DISPLEAS$ ,M>X1 :O SAW 9 ITS USE A LOGICAL PROBLEM1 !FT PRESUPPOS+ ! LEGITIMATE EXI/5CE ( PROP]TY4 ,SEE ,AV9]I1 ,SOCIAL & ,POLITICAL ,?\<T ( ,M>X4 

.<#b#b.> ,CIT$ 9 ,BUB]'S ,PA?S 9 ,UTOPIA1 P4 #a#i4 

.<#b#c.> ,CIT$ 9 ,J4 ,HAMPD5 ,JACKSON1 ,M>X1 ,PR\DHON & ,EUROPEAN ,SOCIALISM1 P4 #f4 

.<#b#d.> ,K>L ,M>X1 ,! ,CIVIL ,W> 9 ,FRANCE1 P4 #b#d4 ,AV9]I OBS]VES ?AT ?IS & O!R COMM5TS ( ,M>X AB\T ! ,COMMUNE REF] PO9T$LY TO 9T5TIONS & PLANS4 ,AS ,M>X MADE PLA9 ELSE:]E1 HIS CONSID]$ ASSESSM5T WAS MORE CRITICAL ?AN 9 ?IS ADDRESS4 

.<#b#e.> ,= SOME BACKGR\ND1 SEE ,WALT] ,K5DALL1 ,! ,REVOLUTION>Y ,MOVEM5T 9 ,BRITA94 

.<#b#f.> ,COLLECTIVIZATIONS3 ,L',OEUVRE CON/RUCTIVE DE LA ,REVOLUTION ESPAGNOLE1 P4 #h4 

.<#b#g.> ,= DISCUSSION1 SEE ,MATTICK1 ,M>X & ,KEYNES1 & ,MI*AEL ,KIDRON1 ,WE/]N ,CAPITALISM ,S9CE ! ,W>4 ,SEE ALSO DISCUSSION & REF]5CES CIT$ 9 MY ,AT ,W> ,) ,ASIA1 *AP4 #a1 PP4 #b#c--#f4 

.<#b#h.> ,SEE ,HU< ,SCANLON1 ,! ,WAY ,=W>D = ,WORK]S' ,CONTROL4 ,SCANLON IS ! PRESID5T ( ! ,A,E,F1 ONE ( ,BRITA9'S L>GE/ TRADE UNIONS4 ,! 9/ITUTE WAS E/ABLI%$ AS A RESULT ( ! SIX? ,CONF]5CE ON ,WORK]S' ,CONTROL1 ,M>* #a#i#f#h1 & S]VES AS A C5T] = DISSEM9AT+ 9=MATION & 5C\RAG+ RESE>*4 

.<#b#i.> ,GU]91 ,NI ,DIEU1 NI ,MA,A-TRE1 9TRODUCTION4 

.<#c.> ,IBID4 

.<#c#a.> ,>?UR ,ROS5B]G1 ,A ,HI/ORY ( ,BOL%EVISM1 P4 #h#h4 

.<#c#b.> ,M>X1 ,CIVIL ,W> 9 ,FRANCE1 PP4 #f#b--#c4 

"9"9"9"9"9"9"9"9"9"9"9"9"9,B,I,B,L,I,O,G,R,A,P,H,Y"9"9"9"9"9"9"9"9"9"9"9"9"9 

,AV9]I1 ,%LOMO4 ,! ,SOCIAL & ,POLITICAL ,?\<T ( ,K>L ,M>X4 ,LONDON3 ,CAMBRIDGE ,UNIV]SITY ,PRESS1 #a#i#f#h4 

,BAKUN91 ,MI*AEL4 ,BAKUN9 ON ,AN>*Y4 ,$IT$ & TRANSLAT$ BY ,SAM ,DOLG(F4 ,NEW ,YORK3 ,ALFR$ ,A4 ,KNOPF1 #a#i#g#b4 

,BUB]1 ,M>T94 ,PA?S 9 ,UTOPIA4 ,BO/ON3 ,BEACON ,PRESS1 #a#i#e#h4 

,*OMSKY1 ,NOAM4 ,C>TESIAN ,L+UI/ICS4 ,NEW ,YORK3 ,H>P] @& ,R[1 #a#i#f#f4 

------4 ,AM]ICAN ,P[] & ! ,NEW ,M&>9S4 ,NEW ,YORK3 ,PAN!ON ,BOOKS1 #a#i#f#i4 

------4 ,AT ,W> ) ,ASIA4 ,NEW ,YORK3 ,PAN!ON ,BOOKS1 #a#i#g4 

,COLLECTIVIZATIONS3 ,L',OEUVRE CON/RUCTIVE DE LA ,REVOLUTION ESPAGNOLE4 #bND $4 ,T\L\SE3 ,$ITIONS ,C4,N4,T41 #a#i#f#e4 ,FIR/ $ITION1 ,B>CELONA1 #a#i#c#g4 

,DANIELS1 ,ROB]T ,V9C5T4 0,! ,/ATE & ,REVOLUTION3 A ,CASE ,/UDY 9 ! ,G5ESIS & ,TRANS=MATION ( ,COMMUNI/ ,IDEOLOGY40 ,AM]ICAN ,SLAVIC & ,EA/ ,EUROPEAN ,REVIEW1 VOL4 #a#b1 NO4 #a 7#a#i#e#c74 

,GU]91 ,DANIEL4 ,JEUNESSE DU SOCIALISME LIB]TAIRE4 ,P>IS3 ,LIBRAIRIE ,M>CEL ,RIVI,A8RE1 #a#i#e#i4 

------4 ,AN>*ISM3 ,FROM ,!ORY TO ,PRACTICE1 TRANSLAT$ BY ,M>Y ,KLOPP]4 ,NEW ,YORK3 ,MON?LY ,REVIEW ,PRESS1 #a#i#g4 

------4 ,P\R UN M>XISME LIB]TAIRE4 ,P>IS3 ,ROB]T ,LAFFONT1 #a#i#f#i4 

------1 $4 ,NI ,DIEU1 NI ,MA,A-TRE4 ,LAUSANNE3 ,LA ,CITE ,$ITEUR1 N4D4 

,JACKSON1 ,J4 ,HAMPD54 ,M>X1 ,PR\DHON & ,EUROPEAN ,SOCIALISM4 ,NEW ,YORK3 ,COLLI] ,BOOKS1 #a#i#f#b4 

,JOLL1 ,JAMES4 ,! ,AN>*I/S4 ,BO/ON3 ,LITTLE1 ,BR[N @& ,CO41 #a#i#f#d4 

,K5DALL1 ,WALT]4 ,! ,REVOLUTION>Y ,MOVEM5T 9 ,BRITA9 #a#i--#a#i#b#a4 ,LONDON3 ,WEID5FELD @& ,NICOLSON1 #a#i#f#i4 

,KIDRON1 ,MI*AEL ,WE/]N ,CAPITALISM ,S9CE ! ,W>4 ,LONDON3 ,WEID5FELD @& ,NICOLSON1 #a#i#f#h4 

,MATTICK1 ,PAUL4 ,M>X & ,KEYNES3 ,! ,LIMITS ( ,MIX$ ,ECONOMY4 ,EXT5D+ ,HORIZONS ,S]IES4 ,BO/ON3 ,PORT] ,S>G5T1 #a#i#f#i4 

------4 0,WORK]S' ,CONTROL40 ,9 ,! ,NEW ,LEFT3 ,A ,COLLECTION ( ,ESSAYS1 $IT$ BY ,PRISCILLA ,LONG4 ,BO/ON3 ,PORT] ,S>G5T1 #a#i#f#i4 

,M>X1 ,K>L4 ,! ,CIVIL ,W> 9 ,FRANCE1 #a#h#g#a4 ,NEW ,YORK3 ,9T]NATIONAL ,PUBLI%]S1 #a#i#d#a4 

,PELL\TI]1 ,F]N&4 0,L',AN>*ISME ET LES SYNDICATS \VRI]S40 ,LES ,TEMPS N\VEAUX1 #a#h#i#e4 ,REPR9T$ 9 ,NI ,DIEU1 NI ,MA,A-TRE1 $IT$ BY ,DANIEL ,GU]94 ,LAUSANNE3 ,LA ,CITE ,$ITEUR1 N4D4 

,RI*>DS1 ,V]NON4 ,LESSONS ( ! ,SPANI% ,REVOLUTION 7#a#i#c#f--#a#i#c#i74 ,5L>G$ $4 ,LONDON3 ,FRE$OM ,PRESS1 #a#i#g#b4 

,ROCK]1 ,RUDOLF4 ,AN>*OSYNDICALISM4 ,LONDON3 ,SECK] @& ,W>BURG1 #a#i#c#h4 

,ROS5B]G1 ,>?UR4 ,A ,HI/ORY ( ,BOL%EVISM FROM ,M>X TO ! ,FIR/ ,FIVE ,YE>S' ,PLAN4 ,TRANSLAT$ BY ,IAN ,F4 ,MORR[4 ,NEW ,YORK3 ,RUSSELL @& ,RUSSELL1 #a#i#f#e4 

,SANTILLAN1 ,DIEGO ,ABAD DE4 ,AFT] ! ,REVOLUTION4 ,NEW ,YORK3 ,GRE5B]G ,PUBLI%]S1 #a#i#c#g4 

,SCANLON1 ,HU<4 ,! ,WAY ,=W>D = ,WORK]S' ,CONTROL4 ,9/ITUTE = ,WORK]S' ,CONTROL ,PAMPHLET ,S]IES1 NO4 #a1 ,NOTT+HAM1 ,5GL&1 #a#i#f#h4 

,TUCK]1 ,ROB]T ,C4 ,! ,M>XIAN ,REVOLUTION>Y ,IDEA4 ,NEW ,YORK3 ,W4 ,W4 ,NORTON @& ,CO41 #a#i#f#i4 

7,S\RCE3 ,AN>*ISM3 ,FROM ,!ORY TO ,PRACTICE1 FIR/ PUBLI%$ 9 ,FR5* 9 #a#i#f#e1 ! #aig ,5GLI% TRANSLATION IS ,GU]9'S BE/-KN[N WORK1 DESCRIB+ ! 9TELLECTUAL SUB/ANCE & ACTUAL PRACTICE ( AN>*ISM4 ,! ,5GLI% TRANSLATION BY ,M>Y ,KLOPP] 9CLUDES A =EWORD BY ,NOAM ,*OMSKY1 :O DESCRIBES IT AS AN ATTEMPT 0TO EXTRACT FROM ! HI/ORY ( LIB]T>IAN ?\<T A LIV+1 EVOLV+ TRADITION047 

,FROM 3 ,LIB,COM4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,NOVEMB] #c1 #aifi 3 ,9TRODUCTION BY ,NOAM ,*OMSKY -- ,PUBLICATION4 
,FEBRU>Y #f1 #bag 3 ,9TRODUCTION BY ,NOAM ,*OMSKY -- ,ADD$4 

 FILE G5]AT$ FROM 3  
HTTP3_/_/REVOLTLIB4COM_/