,AN>*I/S1 ,DON'T LET ! ,LEFT7OV]S7 ,RU9 Y\R ,APPETITE 

#aiii 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,LAWR5CE ,J>A* 

,TEXT 3 

,9TRODUCTION 

,AN UNEASY RELATION%IP HAS EXI/$ BETWE5 AN>*I/S & LEFTI/S FROM ! TIME ,PR\DHON POSITIVELY PROCLAIM$ HIM SELF AN AN>*I/ #ae YE>S AGO4 ,FROM ! #a#h#fS ?R\< ! #a#i#cS MO/ AN>*I/S CONSID]$ !MSELVES TO BE AN 9TEGRAL P>T ( ! 9T]NATIONAL LABOR MOVEM5T1 EV5 IF !RE W]E MOM5TS ( EXTREME CONFLICT )9 IT2 LEFTI/ AN>*I/S SAW !MSELVES AS ! RADICAL CONSCI5CE ( ! ,LEFT -- ! LEFT ( ! ,LEFT1 AS IT W]E4 ,BUT S9CE ! DEA? ( #a#i? C5TURY AN>*ISM ON ! B>RICADES ( ,B>CELONA 9 ,MAY #a#i#c#g1 AN>*I/S HAV5'T HAD A MOVEM5T TO CALL !IR [N4 ,AS A RESULT1 MANY AN>*I/S TRAIL AFT] LEFTI/ PROJECTS1 SEEM+LY OBLIVI\S TO ! SOMETIMES FATAL HI/ORICAL RIVALRY ?AT HAS EXI/$ BETWE5 ! TWO T5D5CIES4 ,!Y GET S$UC$ EI!R BY ! SEEM+LY ANTIAU?ORIT>IAN *>ACT]I/ICS ( SU* GR\PS 7LIKE DEC5TRALIZATION71 OR BY ! USE ( SOME AN>*IC VOCABUL>Y 7DIRECT ACTION = EXAMPLE74 

,! MO/ NOTABLE REC5T EXAMPLE IS ! WIDESPREAD UNCRITICAL AN>*I/ SUPPORT = & SOLID>ITY ) ! ,E,Z,L,N 7,ZAPATI/A ,NATIONAL ,LIB]ATION ,>MY74 ,! NAME ( ! ORGANIZATION %\LD BE 5\< TO CAUSE AN>*I/S TO PAUSE3 NATIONAL LIB]ATION HAS NEV] BE5 P>T ( ! AN>*I/ AG5DA4 ,! USE ( ! ,MEXICAN FLAG AT ,E,Z,L,N CONV5TIONS MAKES IT CLE> ?AT ! ,E,Z,L,N IS A ,MEXICAN-ID5TIFI$ MOVEM5T1 NOT AN 9T]NATIONAL ONE4 ,!IR CALLS = FAIR ELECTIONS )9 ! CONTEXT ( ,MEXICAN HI/ORY IS QUITE RADICAL1 BUT IT REMA9S A /ATI/ DEM&1 & AS SU* CANNOT BE AN>*I/ BY ANY /RET* ( ! IMAG9ATION4 ,! ,E,Z,L,N1 = ALL ITS REVOLUTION>Y PO/UR+1 IS A BROAD-BAS$ DEMOCRATIC MOVEM5T = PROGRESSIVE SOCIAL *ANGE )9 ! FABRIC ( ! ,MEXICAN /ATE2 IT IS LEFTI/1 LIB]AL1 SOCIAL DEMOCRATIC1 PO/MOD]N1 C\RAGE\S 9 ! FACE ( OV]:ELM+ ODDS & (FICIAL REPRESSION444 Y\ NAME IT1 BUT IT IS NOT AN>*I/4 ,! ZAPATI/AS DON'T REFUSE SOLID>ITY FROM AN>*I/S1 BUT TO EXTRAPOLATE FROM ?IS FACT ?AT !Y !MSELVES >E AN>*I/S -- OR EV5 ANTIAU?ORIT>IANS -- IS WI%FUL ?9K+ AT BE/4 ,*>ACT]I/ICS >E NOT ! SAME ?+ AS DEF9ITIONS4 

,AN>*I/S & ! ,9T]NATIONAL ,LABOR ,MOVEM5T1 ,P>T ,I 

,! 9ITIAL PLACE :]E ! RIVALRY BETWE5 LEFTI/S & AN>*I/S OCCURR$ WAS ! ,FIR/ ,9T]NATIONAL 7#a#h#f#d-#g#f74 ,BESIDES ! WELL-KN[N P]SONAL ANIMOSITY BETWE5 ,M>X & ,BAKUN91 CONFLICTS >OSE BETWE5 ! LIB]T>IAN SOCIALI/S & ! AU?ORIT>IAN SOCIALI/S OV] ! O/5SIBLE GOAL ( ! ,9T]NATIONAL3 H[ BE/ TO WORK = ! EMANCIPATION ( ! WORK+ CLASS4 ,US+ P>LIAM5T>Y PROC$URES 7VOT+ = REPRES5TATIVES7 )9 A FRAMEWORK ?AT ACCEPT$ ! EXI/5CE ( ! /ATE WAS ! MA9 TACTIC SUPPORT$ BY ! AU?ORIT>IANS4 ,9 ! NON-ELECTORAL >5A1 BUT REMA9+ FIRMLY )9 A /ATI/ AG5DA1 WAS ! DEM& ( ! RI<T ( WORK]S TO =M LEGAL TRADE UNIONS4 ,9 CONTRA/1 DIRECT ACTION 7ANY ACTIVITY ?AT TAKES PLACE )\T ! P]MISSION1 AID1 OR SUPPORT ( POLITICIANS OR O!R ELECT$ (FICIALS7 WAS PROMOT$ BY ! LIB]T>IANS4 ,/RIKES & WORKPLACE OCCUPATIONS >E ! BE/ EXAMPLES ( ?IS ME?OD4 ,! LEFTI/S PREF]R$ P]SUASION & ! PETITION+ ( ! RUL+ CLASS :ILE ! AN>*I/S1 RECOGNIZ+ ! FUTILITY ( ?IS APPROA*1 PREF]R$ TO TAKE MATT]S 9TO !IR [N H&S3 PEACEFULLY IF POSSIBLE1 MORE 9SI/5TLY IF NECESS>Y4 

,ANO!R RIFT HAD TO DO ) ! ISSUE ( NATIONALISM1 :I* WAS A REFLECTION ( ! T5SION BETWE5 C5TRALIZATION & DEC5TRALIZATION4 ,= A MAJORITY ( ,9T]NATIONALI/S1 NATIONALISM WAS SE5 AS A PROGRESSIVE =CE BECAUSE IT L$ TO ! CONSOLIDATION & FUR!R 9DU/RIALIZATION ( NATURAL RES\RCES & ! MEANS ( PRODUCTION4 ,?IS 9 TURN CREAT$ A L>G] PROLET>IAT1 & A L>G] PROLET>IAT MEANT A BETT] *ANCE ( SUCCESSFUL REVOLUTION4 ,MO/ AN>*I/S CORRECTLY SAW NATIONALISM AS A =CE OPPOS$ TO F$]ALISM1 A BASIC ORGANIZ+ ME?OD ( LIB]T>IANS4 ,!SE & O!R IRRECONCILABLE CONFLICTS BETWE5 ! TWO T5D5CIES 7SU* AS ! PLACE ( ! 9DIVIDUAL 9 ! CLASS /RUGGLE7 L$ TO ! DECL9E ( ! ,9T]NATIONAL4 ,?IS DISSOLUTION BEGAN 9 ! WAKE ( ! ,P>IS ,COMMUNE 9 #a#h#g#a2 BY ! TIME ,M>X WAS ABLE TO RELOCATE ! ,G5]AL ,C\NCIL TO ,NEW ,YORK 9 #ahgb 7F> FROM ! LIB]T>IAN 9FLU5CE ( ! ,SPANI%1 ,FR5*1 & ,ITALIAN SECTIONS71 ,BAKUN9 & O!R LEAD+ AN>*I/ ACTIVI/S HAD ALREADY BE5 EXPELL$ FROM ! ORGANIZATION4 ,9DIVIDUAL AN>*I/S W]E WELCOME TO REMA9 9 ! ,9T]NATIONAL1 PROVID$ !Y DISP5S$ ) !IR ANTIAU?ORIT>IAN PR9CIPLES4 ,! ,FIR/ ,9T]NATIONAL BECAME AN AN>*I/-FREE ZONE = ! LA/ F\R YE>S ( ITS EXI/5CE4 

,! SOCIAL DEMOCRATS 7M>XI/ OR NON-M>XI/1 BUT ALWAYS ANTI-REVOLUTION>Y7 :O BEGAN ! WORK ( CREAT+ ! ,SECOND ,9T]NATIONAL 7#a#h#h#i-#a#i#a#d71 ALREADY AGRE$ 7BY ! M]E FACT ?AT MO/ W]E MEMB]S ( LEGAL SOCIALI/ P>TIES7 ?AT ITS ME?ODS W]E TO BE PEACEFUL & LAWFUL4 ,!Y PROMOT$ UNIV]SAL MALE SUFFRAGE1 ) ! PROGRAM ( GETT+ !IR MEMB]S ELECT$ TO LEGISLATIVE BODIES 9 ORD] TO 5ACT PRO-UNION LAWS1 EV5TUALLY LEGISLAT+ SOCIALISM 9TO EXI/5CE4 ,DESPITE ! TOTAL ABS5CE ( ANY DISCUSSION ( DIRECT ACTION1 F$]ALISM1 OR REVOLUTION !RE W]E SOME AN>*I/S 7MO/LY SYNDICALI/S YE>N+ = A BIG ORGANIZATION TO JO97 :O WANT$ TO P>TICIPATE4 ,!Y W]E REBUFF$2 ! ,SECOND ,9T]NATIONAL WAS AN>*I/-FREE FROM ! BEG9N+4 

,9T]LUDE3 ,AN>*I/S 9 ! ,MEXICAN & ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTIONS 

,! ,MEXICAN ,REVOLUTION BEGAN 9 #a#i#a1 PRIM>ILY AS A MIDDLE-CLASS REBELLION AGA9/ ! CORRUPT & ULTRA-CONS]VATIVE PORFIRIATO 7! YE>S ( ! RULE ( ,PR(IRIO ,DIAZ74 ,AN>*I/S W]E 9VOLV$ 9 ! AGITATION TO GET RID ( ,DIAZ1 MO/ NOTABLY MEMB]S ( ! ,P,L,M 7,MEXICAN ,LIB]AL ,P>TY71 :OSE MA9 !ORETICIAN WAS ,RIC>DO ,FLORES ,MAGON4 ,! ,P,L,M REMA9$ ACTIVE ?R\<\T ! REVOLUTION>Y P]IOD4 ,!Y TRI$ TO GA9 ALLIES & SUPPORT]S = RADICAL L& R$I/RIBUTION PROGRAMS AMONG ! PEASANT >MIES ( ,VILLA & ,ZAPATA1 & TO A L>GE DEGREE W]E SUCCESSFUL4 

,ANO!R >5A ( AN>*I/ AGITATION WAS ! ,CASA ,DEL ,OBR]O ,MUNDIAL 7,H\SE ( ! ,WORLD ,WORK]7 9 ,MEXICO ,CITY4 ,! ,CASA WAS ! PLACE :]E AN>*O-SYNDICALI/S1 REVOLUTION>Y UNIONI/S1 & SOCIALI/S CONGREGAT$4 ,!IR FOCUS WAS ON LEGALIZ+ UNIONS & O!R ASPECTS ( 9DU/RIAL RELATIONS RA!R ?AN ON ! AGR>IAN QUE/ION1 EV5 ?\< ! MAJORITY ( ,MEXICO'S POOR & WORK+ PEOPLE W]E L&LESS PEASANTS4 ,A MAJORITY ( ?OSE 9VOLV$ 9 ! ,CASA W]E ADH]5TS ( A PHILOSOPHICAL T5D5CY ?AT DEF9$ ITS MEMB]S BY ! T]M CI5TIFICOS 7MORE OR LESS 0SCI5TI/S073 RATIONAL1 URBAN1 CIVILIZ$4 ,AS SU*1 !Y W]E APPALL$ BY ! USE ( ! IMAGE ( ! ,VIRG9 ( ,GUADALUPE ON ! BANN]S ( ! ORIG9AL ZAPATI/AS4 ,9 ADDITION1 !IR CON/ANT COLLABORATIONS ) AU?ORIT>IAN SOCIALI/S SEEMS TO HAVE WEAK5$ !IR ADH]5CE TO LIB]T>IAN PR9CIPLES2 SO MU* SO ?AT !Y BECAME P>TN]S 9 ! ,R$ ,BATTALIONS1 :I* W]E ORGANIZ$ BY ! C5T]-LEFT ,CON/ITUTIONALI/S TO FI<T AGA9/ ! ,ZAPATI/AS4 ,?IS WAS ! FIR/ 7BUT UN=TUNATELY NOT ! LA/7 S]I\SLY EMB>RASS+ & %AMEFUL EPISODE ( AN>*I/ HI/ORY1 :5 AU?ORIT>IANS TOOK ADVANTAGE ( ! GULLIBILITY ( AN>*I/S = !IR [N B5EFIT4 

,RA!R ?AN UNIT+ ) ! RADICAL PEASANTS 9 ! C\NTRYSIDE >\ND A TRULY REVOLUTION>Y PROGRAM ( TOTAL EXPROPRIATION ( L&$ E/ATES & 9DU/RIES 79 KEEP+ ) !IR PRON\NCEM5TS71 ! SYNDICALI/S ( ! ,CASA PREF]R$ TO MAKE COMMON CAUSE ) !IR ANTI-RADICAL LEGALI/IC LEFTI/ RIVALS TO KILL & BE KILL$ BY PEASANT REVOLUTION>IES4 ,LAT]1 AS ! RESULT ( A G5]AL /RIKE 9 #a#i#a#f1 ! ,CASA & ALL UNIONS W]E \TLAW$1 !IR MORE RADICAL LEAD]S W]E ASSASS9AT$ OR IMPRISON$1 & ALMO/ ALL URBAN REVOLUTION>Y ACTIVITY CEAS$4 ,! NEW ,CON/ITUTIONALI/ RUL]S UND]/OOD ?AT AN>*O-SYNDICALI/S1 ! ]/:ILE ALLIES ( PROGRESSIVE LEFTI/S1 C\LD NOT BE MOLLIFI$ AS EASILY ) PROMISES ( LEGAL /ATUS AS ! AU?ORIT>IAN SOCIALI/S1 & ! LEFTI/S DIDN'T SEEM TO M9D TOO MU* ?AT !IR LIB]T>IAN RIVALS W]E \T ( ! PICTURE4 

,! OV]?R[ ( ! CZ>I/ REGIME 9 ,RUSSIA 9 ,FEBRU>Y #aiag WAS ! DEF9+ MOM5T ( #b? C5TURY LEFTISM4 ,SUDD5LY POLITICAL P>TIES W]E DECRIM9ALIZ$1 POLITICAL PRISON]S W]E AMNE/I$1 ! DEA? P5ALTY WAS ABOLI%$4 ,REVOLUTION>Y ACTIVITY MU%ROOM$1 DOM9AT$ BY ! ,SOCIAL ,REVOLUTION>IES 7,S,RS7 9 ! C\NTRYSIDE1 ! ,BOL%EVIKS 7! LEFT W+ ( ! ,RUSSIAN ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRATIC ,P>TY7 9 ! CITIES & ! >M$ =CES1 & AN>*I/S ALL OV] 7!IR 9FLU5CE F> \T ( PROPORTION TO !IR ACTUAL NUMB]S74 ,9 ! E>LY MON?S ( ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION1 ! ,S,RS & ! AN>*I/S SUPPORT$ ! SLOGAN3 0,! L& TO ! PEASANTS2 ! FACTORIES TO ! WORK]S02 ! ,BOL%EVIKS W]E HESITANT AB\T ! SLOGAN AS A PROGRAM S9CE !Y W]E ! HEIRS ( ! MORE CAUTI\S NOTION ?AT ! MASSES /ILL NE$$ TO BE L$ BY TE*NOCRATS & O!R SM>T PEOPLE LIKE !MSELVES4 ,BUT AS ! MOM5TUM & 5?USIASM ( REVOLUTION>Y SELF-ACTIVITY CONT9U$ 79 ! =M ( C\NCILS -- SOVIET 9 ,RUSSIAN -- & FACTORY COMMITTEES71 ,L59 & ! ,BOL%EVIK LEAD]%IP ADOPT$ ! SLOGAN AS WELL4 ,ANO!R SLOGAN SOON APPE>$3 0,ALL P[] TO ! SOVIETS40 

,EA* ( ! SLOGANS WAS 9T]PRET$ DIFF]5TLY BY ! DIFF]5T REVOLUTION>Y T5D5CIES4 ,= AN>*I/S & LEFT ,S,RS 7! RI<T ,S,RS HAD PREVI\SLY SPLIT AWAY FROM ! REVOLUTION>Y ASPECTS ( ! ,S,R PROGRAM 9 FAVOR ( /RICTLY P>LIAM5T>Y ACTIVITY7 ! SLOGAN 0,! L& TO ! PEASANTS2 ! FACTORIES TO ! WORK]S0 MEANT JU/ ?AT3 ! PEASANTS & WORK]S W\LD HAVE TOTAL CONTROL OV] :AT WAS PRODUC$1 H[ IT W\LD BE PRODUC$1 & H[1 :51 & :]E IT W\LD BE DI/RIBUT$4 ,F$]ALISM WAS ! PREF]R$ ME?OD ( ORGANIZ+ SU* A SITUATION4 ,= ! ,BOL%EVIKS1 H[EV]1 SU* 9DEP5D5T & DEC5TRALIZ$ SELF-ACTIVITY WAS UN?9KABLE2 ! ,/ATE %\LD DECIDE H[ & :5 & :]E COMMODITIES W]E TO BE PRODUC$ & DI/RIBUT$4 ,C5TRALIZ$ PLANN+ WAS PROMOT$ AS ! ONLY EFFICI5T & JU/ WAY TO CONTROL PRODUCTION & DI/RIBUTION4 ,AFT] ! ,BOL%EVIK SEIZURE ( /ATE P[] 9 ,OCTOB] #a#i#a#g1 ! APPROV$ REVOLUTION>Y SLOGAN BECAME 0,ALL P[] TO ! SOVIETS10 & ?AT BO!RSOME BUS9ESS AB\T ! L& & ! PEASANTS & ! FACTORIES & ! WORK]S WAS PHAS$ \T4 

,SIMIL>LY !RE W]E UNIQUE 9T]PRETATIONS ( 0,ALL P[] TO ! SOVIETS10 DEP5D+ ON P>TY AFFILIATION4 ,TO ! ,BOL%EVIKS ?IS WAS A CALL = A GOV]NM5T ( REPRES5TATIVES FROM ! SOVIETS ( WORK]S1 PEASANTS1 & SOLDI]S ) ! ADDITION ( P>TY MEMB]S :O1 TOGE!R1 W\LD IMPLEM5T & GUIDE ! DICTATOR%IP ( ! PROLET>IAT4 ,TO ! LEFT ,S,RS & ! AN>*I/S1 ! SLOGAN MEANT A F$]ATION ( SOVIETS & FACTORY COMMITTEES ) OR )\T DELEGATES2 = ! AN>*I/S ?IS ALSO MEANT NO /ATE AT ALL4 

,! DIFF]5CES ( 9T]PRETATION TURN$ 9TO >M$ CONFRONTATIONS )9 SIX MON?S ( ,BOL%EVIK RULE4 ,! SOVIETS BEGAN TO BE TURN$ 9TO ORGANS ?AT M]ELY RATIFI$ ,BOL%EVIK EXECUTIVE DECISIONS1 :ILE ! MORE 9DEP5D5T FACTORY COMMITTEES W]E ABOLI%$4 ,AN>*I/S & LEFT ,S,RS :O PO9T$ \T ?IS ANTI-REVOLUTION>Y TACTIC W]E >RE/$ BY ! ,*EKA & W]E IMPRISON$ -- & SOMETIMES EXECUT$ -- ) C\NT]-REVOLUTION>IES4 ,9 ,APRIL #a#i#a#h1 ! ,*EKA & REGUL> POLICE =CES C>RI$ \T SIMULTANE\S RAIDS ON AN>*I/ C5T]S 9 ,PETROGRAD & ,MOSC[2 ! AN>*I/S RETURN$ FIRE BUT EV5TUALLY SURR5D]$4 ,! SURVIV+ >RE/$ AN>*I/S W]E DEPORT$ ! FOLL[+ YE>4 

,MEAN:ILE 9 ! ,UKRA9E FROM #a#i#a#h-#b#a1 ! ,MAKHNOVI/ ,9SURG5T ,>MY WAS CREAT+ LIB]AT$ ZONES = WORK]S & PEASANTS BY 5C\RAG+ & FACILITAT+ ! EXPROPRIATION ( L&$ E/ATES & FACTORIES :ILE C>RY+ \T A TOTAL W> AGA9/ ! ,:ITES 7MON>*I/ C\NT]-REVOLUTION>IES71 ,UKRA9IAN NATIONALI/S 7REPUBLICANS & SOCIALI/S71 &1 ON OCCASION1 ,TROTSKY'S ,R$ ,>MY4 ,TWICE !RE W]E =MAL TREATIES MADE BETWE5 ! ,R$ ,>MY & ! ,9SURG5T ,>MY1 & TWICE ! ,BOL%EVIKS BROKE !IR AGREEM5TS :5 IT SUIT$ !IR MILIT>Y & /ATE POLICY1 >RE/+ -- BUT MO/ (T5 EXECUT+ -- ! 9SURG5T AN>*I/S4 ,= ! ,RUSSIAN AN>*I/S :O SUPPORT$ ! ,MAKHNOVI/S 7!RE W]E MANY :O DIDN'T1 BELIEV+ ?AT A MILIT>Y /RUCTURE WAS 9COMPATIBLE ) TRUE AN>*I/ GOALS71 ?IS WAS ! DEF9ITIVE 5D ( !IR HONEYMOON ) ! ,BOL%EVIKS4 

,9 ! SPR+ ( #a#i#b#a1 ! ,BOL%EVIKS FAC$ ! MO/ S]I\S ?REAT TO !IR RET5TION ( /ATE P[] & !IR PRET5SE ( BE+ ! P>TY ( ! PROLET>IAT4 ,!RE WAS A REBELLION AT ! ISL& NAVAL =TRESS ( ,KRON/ADT1 JU/ (F ! COA/ FROM ,PETROGRAD4 ,! SAILORS1 SOLDI]S1 & WORK]S1 FRU/RAT$ ) ! 9T5SELY DE/RUCTIVE POLICIES ( ,W> ,COMMUNISM AS WELL AS ! HEAVY-H&$ RESPONSE ( ! ,BOL%EVIKS TO A /RIKE ( FACTORY WORK]S 9 ,PETROGRAD1 BEGAN A PROTE/ MOVEM5T AGA9/ GOV]NM5T 9JU/ICE4 ,!IR DEM&S 9CLUD$ AN 5D TO =C$ GRA9 REQUISITIONS 9 ! C\NTRYSIDE1 ABOLITION ( ! DEA? P5ALTY1 FRE$OM ( SPEE* & PRESS = ALL SOCIALI/ GR\PS 79CLUD+ AN>*I/S71 & OP5 7?AT IS1 NOT DOM9AT$ BY ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY7 ELECTIONS 9 ! SOVIETS4 ,H>DLY ANY AN>*I/S W]E 9VOLV$ 9 ! REBELLION 7MO/ HAD ALREADY BE5 >RE/$ OR KILL$1 & ,KRON/ADT WAS A ,BOL%EVIK /RON<OLD71 BUT ! COMPLA9TS & DEM&S ( ! ,KRON/ADT]S FELL 9 L9E ) ! AN>*I/ CRITIQUES ( ! ,SOVIET REGIME4 

,L59 & ,TROTSKY ISSU$ MANY MISLEAD+ D5UNCIATIONS ( ! REBELS1 (T5 RESORT+ TO \TRI<T FABRICATIONS 9 !IR *>ACT]IZATIONS ( ITS LEAD]S4 ,!Y W]E AFRAID ( ! APPEAL 7COM+1 AS IT DID1 FROM A BA/ION ( APPROV$ REVOLUTION>Y ACTIVITY7 SU* A CALL = A DEC5TRALIZ$1 DIRECTLY DEMOCRATIC PROGRAM W\LD HAVE ON A POPULATION WE>Y ( ,W> ,COMMUNISM 7S9CE ! CIVIL W> HAD BE5 (FICIALLY OV] = SEV]AL MON?S7 YET /ILL COMMITT$ TO ! REVOLUTION>Y SLOGANS ( 0,ALL P[] TO ! SOVIETS10 & 0,! L& TO ! PEASANTS2 ! FACTORIES TO ! WORK]S40 ,! ,BOL%EVIKS1 PREF]R+ ! ME?ODS ( /ATECRAFT OV] REVOLUTION>Y SOLID>ITY & COMPROMISE1 ATTACK$ ! ISL& & MASSACR$ ! REBELS :O SURVIV$ ! MILIT>Y SUPPRESSION4 ,EV5 = ! AN>*I/S :O W]E WILL+ TO EXCUSE ! EXCESSES ( AU?ORIT>IANISM 9 ! ,BOL%EVIK GOV]NM5T1 ?IS WAS TOO MU*4 ,MANY LEFT ,RUSSIA VOLUNT>ILY AT >\ND ! SAME TIME ?AT ! DISSID5T AN>*I/S W]E DEPORT$1 RIDD+ ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY ( ITS MO/ RADICAL OPPON5TS4 ,! ,SOVIET ,UNION WAS SUBSEQU5TLY UN5CUMB]$ BY ! 9FLU5CE ( AN>*I/S4 

,AN>*I/S 9 ! ,9T]NATIONAL ,LABOR ,MOVEM5T1 ,P>T ,I,I 

,9 ! AFT]MA? ( ! CONSOLIDATION ( ,BOL%EVIK RULE 9 ,RUSSIA1 ! ,?IRD -- OR ,COMMUNI/ -- ,9T]NATIONAL WAS =M$ 9 #a#i#a#i4 ,NON-,RUSSIAN AN>*I/S1 EXCIT$ AB\T ! REAL POSSIBILITY ( REVOLUTION SPREAD+ >\ND ! WORLD 9 ! WAKE ( ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION1 9ITIALLY T5D$ TO OV]LOOK ! C5TRALIZ$ & AU?ORIT>IAN NATURE ( ! ORGANIZATION 7MU* AS !IR ,RUSSIAN C\NT]P>TS HAD OV]LOOK$ ! SAME ASPECTS ( ! ,BOL%EVIK /ATE = ! E>LY YE>S ( ITS EXI/5CE74 ,AT ! TIME ( ! FIR/ CONF]5CE ( ! ,COM9T]N1 ! MAJORITY ( ,RUSSIAN AN>*I/S W]E EI!R DEAD OR 9 PRISON 7DESPITE ,L59'S ASSURANCES ?AT !RE W]E NO REAL AN>*I/S 9 HIS JAILS -- ONLY CRIM9ALS74 ,ALEX&] ,B]KMAN1 ,EMMA ,GOLDMAN1 & AN>*O-SYNDICALI/S FROM >\ND ! WORLD :O W]E ATT5D+ LOBBI$ ! ,SOVIET GOV]NM5T TO RELEASE !SE SO-CALL$ CRIM9ALS FROM JAIL2 ! ,RUSSIANS W]E QUIETLY RELEAS$ & EXPELL$4 ,MEMB]S ( ! ,AM]ICAN ,I,W,W 7,9DU/RIAL ,WORK]S ( ! ,WORLD7 & ! ,SPANI% ,C,N,T 7,NATIONAL ,CONF$]ATION ( ,LABOR7 DECL9$ TO AFFILIATE TO ! ,COM9T]N4 

,L59'S 0,LEFT-,W+ ,COMMUNISM -- ,AN ,9FANTILE ,DISORD]0 WAS PUBLI%$ 9 #a#i#b#a1 ! SAME YE> ( ! SUPPRESSION ( ! ,KRON/ADT UPRIS+1 ! F9AL DE/RUCTION ( ! ,MAKHNOVI/ ,9SURG5T ,>MY & ! LIB]T>IAN COMMUNES ( ! ,UKRA9E1 & ! ADOPTION ( ! NEO-CAPITALI/ ,NEW ,ECONOMIC ,POLICY4 ,?IS SCRE$ WAS AIM$ PRIM>ILY AT C\NCIL COMMUNI/S & O!R 9DEP5D5T REVOLUTION>Y SOCIALI/S1 BUT *>GES ( 0AN>*O-SYNDICALI/ DEVIATIONISM0 W]E ?R[N AT ALL ( ,L59'S OPPON5TS4 ,ALL ?OSE NOT UNCRITICALLY SUPPORTIVE ( ! POLICIES ( ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY ( ! ,SOVIET ,UNION & ITS ME?ODOLOGY ( DEMOCRATIC C5TRALISM W]E DECL>$ TO BE OBJECTIVELY C\NT]-REVOLUTION>Y4 ,! ATTEMPT TO KEEP ! 9T]NATIONAL LABOR MOVEM5T SUBS]VI5T TO ! ORD]S ( ! HEADQU>T]S 9 ,MOSC[1 ( :I* ,L59'S TRACT WAS ! MO/ PUBLIC ASPECT1 WAS NE>LY TOTALLY SUCCESSFUL4 ,! /RATEGY ( SOCIALISM 9 ONE C\NTRY WAS PROMULGAT$ & ) C5TRALIZ$ HI]>*ICAL DISCIPL9E 9 PLACE1 ! ,COM9T]N C\LD BE US$ TO FUR!R ,SOVIET =EIGN POLICY GOALS4 

,SPA9 

,! REVOLUTION>Y RESPONSE TO ! ATTEMPT$ MILIT>Y C\P 9 ,SPA9 9 ,JULY #aicf RESULT$ 9 A PROTRACT$ CIVIL W> BETWE5 ! DEF5D]S ( ! OLD MON>*I/ ORD] & ! UPHOLD]S ( ! FIVE YE> OLD P>LIAM5T>Y DEMOCRACY4 ,MEMB]S ( ! L>GE AN>*O-SYNDICALI/ ,C,N,T W]E PUT 9 AN AWKW>D POSITION3 SUPPORT+ ONE =M ( GOV]NM5T OV] ANO!R4 ,SOME *OSE TO PURSUE REVOLUTION>Y GOALS RA!R ?AN BECOME GOV]NM5T AN>*I/S1 BUT ! MAJORITY W5T = COLLABORATION ) ! =CES ( LEGALISM -- SOME EV5 5T]+ ! GOV]NM5T BY BECOM+ ,CAB9ET ,M9I/]S4 

,BY ?AT TIME ! ,COM9T]N HAD ADOPT$ ! ANTI-REVOLUTION>Y POLICY ( ! ,POPUL> ,FRONT1 PROMOT+ P>LIAM5T>Y DEMOCRACY 9 OPPOSITION TO FASCISM ?R\< AN ALLIANCE ( REPUBLICANS1 MIDDLE-CLASS PROGRESSIVES1 SOCIAL DEMOCRATS1 & ,COMMUNI/S4 ,?IS F9AL AB&ONM5T ( CLASS /RUGGLE L$ DIRECTLY TO ! ,MAY '#c#g ,COMMUNI/-DOM9AT$ ,POPUL> ,FRONT'S >M$ SUPPRESSION ( ! ,C,N,T & ! ANTI-/AL9I/ ,P,\,M 7,WORK]'S ,P>TY ( ,M>XI/ ,UNIFICATION71 ! TWO MASS ORGANIZATIONS 9 ,SPA9 AT LEA/ NOM9ALLY COMMITT$ TO SOME SORT ( REVOLUTION4 ,! 9T]NATIONAL LABOR MOVEM5T WAS 9 ! CONTROL ( /AL9I/S = ! NEXT DECADE4 

,! ,LEFT 

,! ,LEFT HAS CONSI/5TLY BE5 ID5TIFI$ ) ! 9T]NATIONAL LABOR MOVEM5T FROM ! TIME ( ! ,FIR/ ,9T]NATIONAL2 ) ! %IFT ( FOCUS FROM WE/]N ,EUROPE T[>D ,RUSSIA BEG9N+ 9 #aiag & CONT9U+ 9TO ! #a#i#fS1 LEFTI/S HAVE ID5TIFI$ !MSELVES 9 RELATION TO EV5TS ?AT OCCURR$ 9 ! WORK]S' P>ADISE4 ,:E!R A L59I/1 TROTSKYI/1 /AL9I/1 OR NON-L59I/ COMMUNI/1 EA* V>IETY ( LEFTI/ HAS A P>TICUL> VIEW ( :5 ?+S W5T WRONG 7OR NOT7 ) ! ,RUSSIAN REVOLUTION>Y EXP]IM5T4 

,= AN>*I/S :O CONSID]$ !MSELVES P>T ( ! ,LEFT EV5 AFT] ! DEBACLES ( ! ,9T]NATIONALS1 ?IS ME?OD ( SELF-ID5TIFICATION CREAT$ A CRISIS3 :E!R TO MAKE ACCOMMODATIONS TO ! POLITICS ( L59ISM OR TO DISP5SE ) ANY & ALL H9TS ( VANGU>DISM4 ,MO/ OPT$ = ! LATT]1 BUT SOME 79CLUD+ ! =M] ,MAKHNOVI/ ,>%9OV & ,MAKHNO HIMSELF7 FAVOR$ ! MILIT>I/IC VANGU>DISM ( ! 0,AN>*I/ ,PLAT=M40 ,!IR MORE PR9CIPL$ AN>*I/ OPPON5TS CALL$ ! ,PLAT=MI/S 0AN>*O-BOL%EVIKS10 = :OM IT WAS M]ELY A CASE ( ! UN*ECK$ AU?ORIT>IAN BEHAVIOR ( ! ,BOL%EVIKS ?AT L$ !M TO AB&ON ! TRUE REVOLUTION2 ! NECESS>Y EXI/5CE1 GOALS1 & ME?ODS ( A SELF-CONSCI\S MILIT>IZ$ REVOLUTION>Y VANGU>D W]E ACCEPT$ 9 FULL4 ,SU* AN ANALYSIS DISP5S$ ) ! IDEA ( A MASS-BAS$ SELF-ORGANIZ$ REVOLUTION & SUB/ITUT$ ! >M$ ACTION ( A M9ORITY2 ?IS PUT ! ,PLAT=MI/S FIRMLY )9 A TACTICAL FRAMEWORK ( L59ISM4 ,?IS WAS NOT ! FIR/ -- OR LA/ -- TIME ?AT AN>*I/S W\LD FLIRT ) ! MORE AU?ORIT>IAN ASPECTS ( RADICAL !ORY & PRACTICE4 ,MANY AN>*I/S W\LD DISAGREE ) ?IS ASSESSM5T ( ! ,PLAT=M4 

,! MA9 LESSON ( ! AN>*I/ PRES5CE 9 RELATION TO ! FIR/ TWO ,9T]NATIONALS IS ?AT SOCIALI/S PREF] AN>*I/S TO BE 9VISIBLE & SIL5T4 ,?AT ( ! REVOLUTION>Y EXP]I5CES ( ,MEXICO1 ,RUSSIA1 & ,SPA9 %[S ?AT = SOCIALI/S1 ! ONLY GOOD AN>*I/ IS PRO-GOV]NM5T OR DEAD4 ,LOYALLY FI<T+ = A ,MEXICAN ,CON/ITUTION DIDN'T SLACK5 ! RESOLVE ( ,MEXICO'S RUL]S 9 \TLAW+ & REPRESS+ AN>*O-SYNDICALI/S :O 9SI/$ ON EX]CIS+ !IR LEGAL RI<TS TO ORGANIZE RADICAL TRADE UNIONS4 ,HELP+ TO MAKE REVOLUTION>Y *ANGES 9 COOP]ATION ) ! ,BOL%EVIKS DIDN'T PROTECT ! AN>*I/S FROM ! WRA? ( ,L59 & HIS COHORTS :5 ! AN>*I/S 9SI/$ ON REMA9+ ATTA*$ TO LIB]T>IAN PR9CIPLES & TACTICS4 ,NEI!R DID BE+ P>T ( A COALITION ( LEFTI/S & LIB]ALS 9 OPPOSITION TO FASCISM %ELT] AN>*I/S FROM ! HOMICIDAL RIVALRY ( /AL9I/S & SOCIAL DEMOCRATS TW5TY YE>S LAT]4 

,! '#fS & '#gS 

,! SOCIAL UPHEAVALS BEG9N+ 9 #aifh 5D$ ! NE> TOTAL ECLIPSE ( AN>*ISM 9 ! YE>S FOLL[+ ! ,SPANI% EXP]I5CE4 ,! =MATION ( ! ,NEW ,LEFT 9 ! PREC$+ FEW YE>S1 PRECIPITAT$ BY EXAMPLES ( NON-,SOVIET SOCIALI/ ALT]NATIVES 7! ,*9ESE1 ,CUBAN1 ,YUGOSLAVIAN1 ,ALBANIAN1 ,KOREAN1 OR ,VIETNAMESE MODELS7 RESURRECT$ AN 9T]E/ 9 UNCONV5TIONAL & NON-CON=MI/ ASPECTS ( POLITICAL !ORY1 :I* L$ TO A R5EW$ /UDY ( AN>*I/ & NON-L59I/ REVOLUTION>Y HI/ORY4 ,TACTICS ( AN>*I/ ORGANIZ+ W]E ADOPT$ BY NON-AN>*I/S BECAUSE ( !IR ASSUM$ 9H]5T ANTI-HI]>*ICAL NATURE 79 KEEP+ ) EGALIT>IAN PRESUMPTIONS1 AS WAS ! TR5D ( ?OSE E>LY DAYS73 CONS5SUS DECISION-MAK+1 AFF9ITY GR\PS1 ROTAT+ LEAD]%IP OR ! LACK ( ANY & ALL =MAL LEAD]S4 

,!SE \TW>D =MS 7*>ACT]I/ICS7 ( QUASI-EGALIT>IANISM W]E USUALLY ACCOMPANI$ BY ! CELEBRATION ( V>I\S NATIONALI/ MOVEM5TS ?AT HAD EM]G$ 9 ! CONTEXT ( GLOBAL ANTI-COLONIAL /RUGGLES1 GIV+ BIR? TO AN ODD HYBRID3 PSEUDO-AN>*IC NATIONALI/ REVOLUTION>IES -- ACTIVI/S :O ADOPT$ ! AN>*I/ SLOGAN 0SMA% ! /ATE0 :ILE AT ! SAME TIME C>RY+ ! FLAG ( ! ,N,L,F 7,NATIONAL ,LIB]ATION ,FRONT1 OR 0,VIET ,CONG071 A /AL9I/ POPUL> FRONT :OSE DECL>$ AIM WAS ! CONSOLIDATION & C5TRALIZATION ( ! ,VIETNAMESE /ATE4 ,TO ANTI-IMP]IALI/S1 SOME /ATES >E BETT] ?AN O!RS1 ESPECIALLY IF !Y >E 9 CONFLICT ) ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES4 ,! PROBLEM1 FROM AN AN>*I/ P]SPECTIVE1 IS ?AT ! GOAL ( ?IS /RATEGY IS TO SMA% A P>TICUL> /ATE1 NOT /ATISM OR GOV]NM5T 9 G5]AL4 

,! RESPONSE ( '#fS MILITANTS TO LEGAL REPRESSION & ! RISE ( ?IRD WORLDISM CONTRIBUT$ TO ! DIS9TEGRATION ( ! ,NEW ,LEFT1 :I* BEGAN 9 E>NE/ :5 ! REVOLUTION>Y POT5TIAL ( ! WORK+ CLASSES 9 IMP]IALI/ C\NTRIES WAS PLAY$ D[N & EV5TUALLY DISMISS$4 ,?IS !ORETICAL 9NOVATION WAS ACCOMPANI$ BY ! RISE ( URBAN GU]RILLA GR\PS2 ! MILIT>Y ACTIONS ( AN ELITI/ ANTI-IMP]IALI/ VANGU>D W]E SUB/ITUT$ = ! SELF-ACTIVITY ( 0! MASSES10 ESPECIALLY ! WORK+ MASSES4 ,! EXPLOITS ( !SE VIOL5T MILITANTS SUP]FICIALLY HE>K5$ BACK TO ! YE>S ( AN>*I/ PROPAG&A BY ! DE$3 BANK ROBB]IES1 BOMB+S1 ASSASS9ATIONS4 ,FROM ! MID-#a#h#hS ?R\< ! #a#i#bS1 SOME AN>*I/S 5GAG$ 9 SPECTACUL> VIOL5T & ILLEGAL ACTIONS4 ,! IDEA BEH9D ?IS UNORGANIZ$ BUT WIDESPREAD /RATEGY WAS TO PROD NORMALLY COMPLAC5T WORK]S 9TO MASS REVOLUTION>Y ACTIVITY BY %[+ ! VULN]ABILITY ( B\RGEOIS SOCIETY & ( 9DIVIDUAL POLITICAL & ECONOMIC LEAD]S 9 P>TICUL>4 ,IT DIDN'T WORK1 & WAS L>GELY AB&ON$ AS C\NT]PRODUCTIVE1 BUT ! POPUL> ASSOCIATION ( AN>*ISM ) VIOL5CE & MAYHEM WAS CEM5T$4 

,! SIMIL> TACTICS ( >M$ /RUGGLE GR\PS & AN>*I/S ( ! PREVI\S C5TURY L$ TO ! EQUATION ( ! TWO T5D5CIES 9 ! ANALYZES ( MANY OBS]V]S4 ,AS (T5 AS ! M$IA & V>I\S (FICIALS PORTRAY$ ALL VIOL5T POLITICAL GR\PS AS 0AN>*I/10 ! GR\PS !MSELVES NEV] TIR$ ( PO9T+ \T 7TO ANYONE :O W\LD LI/57 ?AT !Y W]E NOT AN>*I/S AT ALL1 BUT COMMUNI/S OR SOCIALI/S OR PROGRESSIVES OR NATIONALI/S OR LEFTI/S4 

,HAV+ ! ACTIONS ( URBAN GU]RILLAS 7FI<T+ ! IMP]IALI/ /ATE 9 SOLID>ITY ) ?IRD WORLD NATIONAL LIB]ATIONI/S7 EQUAT$ ) ?OSE ( >M$ AN>*I/S 7COMBAT+ ! /ATE 9 SOLID>ITY ) ANYONE -- 9CLUD+ !MSELVES -- :O IS OPPRESS$ BY AU?ORIT>IAN SOCIAL RELATIONS REG>DLESS ( ! POLITICAL IDEOLOGY ( !IR RUL]S7 MU/ HAVE BE5 MADD5+ TO ! LEFTI/S ( ! '#gS4 ,!IR IDEOLOGICAL =EBE>S HAD BE5 /RUGGL+ = ! PREVI\S #ae YE>S TO BE RID ( ! /IGMA ( AN>*ISM1 ONLY TO HAVE IT FOI/$ ON !M AGA9 BECAUSE ( A SIMIL>ITY ( TACTICS4 ,BUT ! LEFTI/S HAD ONLY !MSELVES TO BLAME = ?IS CONFUSION S9CE !Y HAD ALREADY APPROPRIAT$ AN IMPORTANT T]M FROM ! VOCABUL>Y ( AN>*ISM3 DIRECT ACTION4 

,*>ACT]I/ICS ,VS4 ,DEF9ITIONS 

,9 ! AN>*I/ TRADITION ! T]M DIRECT ACTION WAS NEV] US$ AS A EUPHEMISM = VIOL5CE1 UNLIKE PROPAG&A BY ! DE$4 ,IT SIMPLY REF]R$ TO ANY CONSCI\SLY POLITICAL ACT ?AT TOOK PLACE \TSIDE ! REALM ( ELECTORALISM & O!R =MS ( /ATECRAFT3 DECISION-MAK+ ?AT USES M&AT$ & REVOCABLE DELEGATES 9/EAD ( REPRES5TATIVES1 & CREAT+ MUTUAL-AID NETWORKS 9/EAD ( RELY+ ON WELF>E >E TWO EXAMPLES4 ,9 A G5]AL S5SE !N1 DIRECT ACTION REF]S TO ACTIONS ?AT 5C\RAGE & EXP& ! SELF-ACTIVITY ( ANY P]SON OR GR\P )\T RESORT+ TO ! 9/ITUTIONS ( ! /ATE4 ,POLITE OR VIOL5T PUBLIC PROTE/S1 ON ! O!R H&1 >E UND]TAK5 9 ! HOPES ?AT POLICY MAK]S CAN BE 9FLU5C$ TO IMPLEM5T LEGISLATIVE RE=M2 ?IS IS ! LIB]AL 7_/CONS]VATIVE7 OR LEFTI/ 7_/RI<TI/7 /RATEGY ( APPEAL+ TO POLITICAL LEAD]S' GOOD WILL &_/OR FE>4 ,S9CE ?IS /RATEGY RELIES ON ! ACTIONS ( PEOPLE NOT DIRECTLY 9VOLV$1 IT HAS NO?+ TO DO ) AN AN>*I/ UND]/&+ ( DIRECT ACTION4 

,REGI/]+ PUBLIC DISSATISFACTION ) GOV]NM5T POLICIES 7BY M>*+1 DEMON/RAT+1 FI<T+ COPS1 DE/ROY+ PROP]TY1 EXPROPRIAT+ BANKS1 LIB]AT+ PRISON]S1 ASSASS9AT+ POLITICAL_/9DU/RIAL LEAD]S7 IS AGITATION & PROPAG&A1 NOT DIRECT ACTION4 ,! EFFECTS ( SU* ACTIVITY ON CREAT+ & SU/A9+ ANTI-HI]>*ICAL COMMUNITIES BEYOND ! CLUT*ES ( POLITICIANS >E EXTREMELY LIMIT$4 ,IT MAY MAKE AN>*ISM ATTRACTIVE TO SOME PEOPLE -- :I* IS EXACTLY ! PO9T ( PROPAG&A 7BY ! DE$ OR IDEA7 -- BUT ! PO9T ( DIRECT ACTION IS TO BECOME ACCU/OM$ TO MAK+ DECISIONS US+ ANTI-HI]>*ICAL ME?ODS1 & !N IMPLEM5T+ POSITIVE EGALIT>IAN ALT]NATIVES TO /ATI/ WAYS ( LIV+4 ,UN=TUNATELY1 MO/ ACTIVI/ AN>*I/S HAVE ADOPT$ ! LEFTI/ USAGE ( DIRECT ACTION1 MEAN+ ANY ANGRY CONFRONTATION ) ! /ATE1 RA!R ?AN ! TRADITIONAL AN>*I/ DEF9ITION3 IGNOR+ ! /ATE4 

,?IS CONFUSION IS ! RESULT ( SUB/ITUT+ *>ACT]I/ICS = DEF9ITIONS4 ,AN>*ISM HAS A DEF9ITION4 ,IT IS A DISCRETE POLITICAL !ORY & PRACTICE2 TO BE AN AN>*I/ MEANS TO BE AGA9/ ALL GOV]NM5T4 ,A SOCIAL *ANGE MOVEM5T MI<T BE DEC5TRALIZ$1 USE SOME =M ( DIRECT DEMOCRACY 7! M&AT$ DELEGATE MODEL1 = EXAMPLE71 CALL = 9T]NATIONAL SOLID>ITY1 & USE NON-AN>*I/ DIRECT ACTION 79 ! LEFTI/ S5SE ( US+ LIMIT$ VIOL5CE OR PROP]TY DE/RUCTION TO FUR!R !IR PROGRAMS71 BUT !SE >E *>ACT]I/ICS ( ANTIAU?ORIT>IAN ME?ODS1 NOT A DEF9ITION ( AN>*ISM4 ,IF !SE TACTICS >E US$ AS P>T ( A /RATEGY = GA9+ LEGAL RECOGNITION OR 9FLU5C+ &_/OR IMPLEM5T+ LEGISLATION1 !N ?OSE :O USE !M CANNOT BE AN>*I/S2 NOT BECAUSE SOME SELF-APPO9T$ GU>DIAN ( ! IDEOLOGY SAYS SO1 BUT BECAUSE AN>*ISM IS ANTI-LEGISLATIVE BY DEF9ITION4 ,AN>*I/S >E NOT FRU/RAT$ LIB]ALS ) AN ATTITUDE1 NOR >E !Y IMPATI5T AU?ORIT>IAN SOCIALI/S UNAFRAID TO PICK UP A GUN4 

,CONCLUSIONS 

,MA9TA9+ A M9ORITY POSITION ( PR9CIPL$ ANTIAU?ORIT>IANISM )9 A L>G] AU?ORIT>IAN FRAMEWORK1 AS AN>*O-LEFTI/S 9SI/ UPON DO+ 9 RELATION TO ! ,LEFT1 IS NAIVE AT BE/4 ,?IS BRIEF HI/ORICAL SURVEY HAS HOPEFULLY PROVID$ AMPLE EXAMPLES ( ! SUICIDAL NATURE ( SU* A PROJECT4 ,LEFTI/S WANT NEI!R A LOYAL OPPOSITION NOR A RADICAL CONSCI5CE1 & !Y HAVE MADE IT ABUNDANTLY CLE> OV] ! LA/ #ae YE>S ?AT !Y DON'T LIKE AN>*I/S & PREF] NOT TO HAVE !M >\ND1 CLUTT]+ UP !IR MOVES = POLITE & SAFELY LEGISLAT$ SOCIAL *ANGE OR SUDD5 MILIT>Y C\PS D'ETAT4 ,LEFTI/ AN>*I/S CONSI/5TLY REFUSE TO LE>N FROM ! HI/ORY ( ! 9T]ACTIONS BETWE5 !IR IDEOLOGICAL PR$ECESSORS & !IR DESP]ATELY DESIR$ CONTEMPOR>Y ANTI-AN>*I/ ALLIES4 ,9VOLVEM5T 9 NON- 7& ANTI-7 AN>*I/ FRONTS & ALLIANCES T5DS TO MAKE AN>*I/S SUSP5D ! PURSUIT ( !IR UNIQUE GOALS4 

,! CONFLICTS ?AT HAVE EXI/$ BETWE5 AU?ORIT>IAN SOCIALI/S & AN>*I/S HAVE NOT GONE AWAY4 ,:E!R IT'S ! T5SION BETWE5 C5TRALIZATION & F$]ALISM1 NATIONALISM & 9T]NATIONALISM1 ! ROLE ( ! 9DIVIDUAL 9 RELATION TO SOCIETY & ! /ATE1 OR ! MORE FUNDAM5TAL ISSUE ( /ATECRAFT 7ELECTORALISM1 AGITAT+ = LEGISLATIVE RE=M1 ETC7 V]SUS DIRECT ACTION1 AN>*I/S /& 9 OPPOSITION TO ! ISSUES & PROGRAMS ( ALL K9DS ( LEFTI/S4 ,! LEFTI/ AG5DA IS PR$ICAT$ ON ! USE ( LEGISLATION1 REPRES5TATIVE GOV]NM5T & ALL ( ITS CO]CIVE 9/ITUTIONS1 C5TRALIZ$ ECONOMIC PLANN+ BY TE*NOCRATS & O!R EXP]TS1 & A COMMITM5T TO HI]>*ICAL SOCIAL RELATIONS4 

,PROMOT+ SELF-ACTIVITY1 EGALIT>IAN 9T]P]SONAL & SOCIAL RELATIONS1 & CULTIVAT+ A CRITICAL P]SPECTIVE >E AMONG ! BE/ ASPECTS ( AN>*ISM4 ,AS SU*1 !Y >E WOR? EXT5D+4 ,ACCEPT+ SPOON-F$ SOLUTIONS & PROGRAMS1 5GAG+ 9 NON-RECIPROCAL SOLID>ITY ) LEFTI/S1 & O!R *>ACT]I/ICS ( IDEOLOGICAL MYOPIA NE$ TO BE DISC>D$4 ,AN>*I/S1 ) !IR EMPHASIS ON ! PR9CIPLES ( MUTUAL AID1 VOLUNT>Y COOP]ATION1 & DIRECT ACTION1 CANNOT %>E A COMMON AG5DA ) CONTEMPOR>Y LEFTI/S ANY MORE ?AN !Y C\LD #ae YE>S AGO4 

,A RETURN TO AU!NTICALLY AN>*I/ PR9CIPLES1 C\PL$ ) SOME UND]/&+ ( ! TR\BL$ HI/ORY ( ! RELATION%IP BETWE5 LEFTI/S & AN>*I/S1 CAN GO A LONG WAY T[>D RE9VIGORAT+ ANTIAU?ORIT>IAN !ORY & PRACTICE4 ,AT ! SAME TIME1 MOV+ BEYOND ! MELIORI/IC BELIEFS 7ESPECIALLY AB\T WE/]N ,EUROPEAN TE*NOLOGY1 CULTURE1 & SCI5CE7 ( #a#i? C5TURY AN>*ISM1 :I* HAVE MADE ! PROGRAMS ( AN>*I/S & LEFTI/S SEEM SIMIL>1 IS CRUCIAL4 ,! RELEVANCE ( AN>*I/ SELF-ACTIVITY CAN ONLY 9CREASE :5 ! VE/IGES ( AU?ORIT>IAN LEFTI/ ASSUMPTIONS & DI/ORTIONS >E DISC>D$ FROM ! WORDS & BEHAVIOR ( ANTIAU?ORIT>IAN ACTIVI/S1 CRITICS1 & !ORI/S4 

,FROM 3 ,!,AN>*I/,LIBR>Y4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,NOVEMB] #c1 #aiih 3 ,AN>*I/S1 ,DON'T LET ! ,LEFT7OV]S7 ,RU9 Y\R ,APPETITE -- ,PUBLICATION4 
,APRIL #b#d1 #bb 3 ,AN>*I/S1 ,DON'T LET ! ,LEFT7OV]S7 ,RU9 Y\R ,APPETITE -- ,ADD$4 
,JANU>Y #d1 #bbb 3 ,AN>*I/S1 ,DON'T LET ! ,LEFT7OV]S7 ,RU9 Y\R ,APPETITE -- ,UPDAT$4 

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