,*APT] #d 
,! ,OBJECTIVES ( ,AN>*OSYNDICALISM 

#ai*ai* 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,RUDOLPH ,ROCK] 

,TEXT 3 

#d4 ,! ,OBJECTIVES ( ,AN>*OSYNDICALISM 

,AN>*O-,SYNDICALISM V]SUS POLITICAL SOCIALISM2 ,POLITICAL P>TIES & LABOR UNIONS2 ,F$]ALISM V]SUS  
,C5TRALISM2 ,G]MANY & ,SPA92 ,! ORGANIZATION ( ,AN>*O-,SYNDICALISM2 ,! IMPOT5CE ( POLITICAL  
P>TIES = SOCIAL RECON/RUCTION2 ,! ,C,N,T 9 ,SPA93 ITS AIMS & ME?ODS2 ,CON/RUCTIVE WORK ( ! LABOR  
SYNDICATES & PEASANT COLLECTIVES 9 ,SPA92 ,AN>*O-,SYNDICALISM & NATIONAL POLITICS2 ,PROBLEMS ( \R  
TIME4  

,MOD]N ,AN>*O-,SYNDICALISM IS A DIRECT CONT9UATION ( ?OSE  
SOCIAL ASPIRATIONS :I* TOOK %APE 9 ! BOSOM ( ! ,FIR/  
,9T]NATIONAL & :I* W]E BE/ UND]/OOD & MO/ /RONGLY HELD BY  
! LIB]T>IAN W+ ( ! GREAT WORK]S' ALLIANCE4 ,ITS PRES5T DAY  
REPRES5TATIVES >E ! F$]ATIONS 9 ! DIFF]5T C\NTRIES ( !  
REVIV$ ,9T]NATIONAL ,WORK+M5'S ,ASSOCIATION ( #a#i#b#b1 ! MO/  
IMPORTANT ( :I* IS ! P[]FUL ,F$]ATION ( ,LABOR 7,CONF$]ACION  
,NATIONAL DE ,TRABAJO7 9 ,SPA94 ,ITS !ORETICAL ASSUMPTIONS >E BAS$ ON  
! TEA*+S ( ,LIB]T>IAN OR ,AN>*I/ ,SOCIALISM1 :ILE ITS =M (  
ORGANIZATION IS L>GELY BORR[$ FROM REVOLUTION>Y ,SYNDICALISM1 :I*  
9 ! YE>S FROM #ai TO #aia EXP]I5C$ A M>K$ UPSW+1  
P>TICUL>LY 9 ,FRANCE4 ,IT /&S 9 DIRECT OPPOSITION TO ! POLITICAL  
,SOCIALISM ( \R DAY1 REPRES5T$ BY ! P>LIAM5T>Y LABOR P>TIES 9  
! DIFF]5T C\NTRIES4 ,:ILE 9 ! TIME ( ?IS ,FIR/ ,9T]NATIONAL  
B>ELY ! FIR/ BEG9N+S ( !SE P>TIES EXI/$ 9 ,G]MANY1 ,FRANCE  
& ,SWITZ]L&1 TODAY WE >E 9 A POSITION TO E/IMATE ! RESULTS (  
!IR TACTICS = ,SOCIALISM & ! LABOR MOVEM5T AFT] MORE ?AN  
SIXTY YE>S' ACTIVITY 9 ALL C\NTRIES4 

,P>TICIPATION 9 ! POLITICS ( ! B\RGEOIS /ATES HAS NOT  
BR\<T ! LABOR MOVEM5T A HAIRS' BREAD? CLOS] TO ,SOCIALISM1 BUT1  
?ANKS TO ?IS ME?OD1 ,SOCIALISM HAS ALMO/ BE5 COMPLETELY CRU%$ &  
CONDEMN$ TO 9SIGNIFICANCE4 ,! ANCI5T PROV]B3 0,:O EATS ( ! POPE1  
DIES ( HIM10 HAS HELD TRUE 9 ?IS CONT5T ALSO2 :O EATS ( ! /ATE  
IS RU9$ BY IT4 ,P>TICIPATION 9 P>LIAM5T>Y POLITICS HAS AFFECT$  
! ,SOCIALI/ LABOR MOVEM5T LIKE AN 9SIDI\S POISON4 ,IT DE/ROY$ !  
BELIEF 9 ! NECESSITY ( CON/RUCTIVE ,SOCIALI/ ACTIVITY &1 WOR/ (  
ALL1 ! IMPULSE TO SELF-HELP1 BY 9OCULAT+ PEOPLE ) ! RU9\S  
DELUSION ?AT SALVATION ALWAYS COMES FROM ABOVE4 

,?US1 9 PLACE ( ! CREATIVE ,SOCIALISM ( ! OLD ,9T]NATIONAL1  
!RE DEVELOP$ A SORT ( SUB/ITUTE PRODUCT :I* HAS NO?+ 9 COMMON  
) REAL ,SOCIALISM BUT ! NAME4 ,SOCIALISM /EADILY LO/ ITS *>ACT]  
( A CULTURAL IDEAL1 :I* WAS TO PREP>E ! PEOPLES = !  
DISSOLUTION ( CAPITALI/ SOCIETY1 &1 !RE=E1 C\LD NOT LET ITSELF  
BE HALT$ BY ! >TIFICIAL FRONTI]S ( ! NATIONAL /ATES4 ,9 !  
M9DS ( ! LEAD]S ( ?IS NEW PHASE ( ! ,SOCIALI/ MOVEM5T !  
9T]E/S ( ! NATIONAL /ATE W]E BL5D$ MORE & MORE ) !  
ALLEG$ AIMS ( !IR P>TY1 UNTIL AT LA/ !Y BECAME UNABLE TO  
DI/+UI% ANY DEF9ITE B\ND>IES BETWE5 !M4 ,SO 9EVITABLY !  
LABOR MOVEM5T WAS GRADUALLY 9CORPORAT$ 9 ! EQUIPM5T ( !  
NATIONAL /ATE & RE/OR$ TO ?IS EQUILIBRIUM :I* IT HAD ACTUALLY  
LO/ BE=E4 

,IT W\LD BE A MI/AKE TO F9D 9 ?IS /RANGE AB\T-FACE AN  
9T]NATIONAL BETRAYAL BY ! LEAD]S1 AS HAS SO (T5 BE5 DONE4 ,!  
TRU? IS ?AT WE HAVE TO DO H]E ) A GRADUAL ASSIMILATION TO !  
MODES ( ?\<T ( CAPITALI/ SOCIETY1 :I* IS A CONDITION ( !  
PRACTICAL ACTIVITIES ( ! LABOR P>TIES ( TODAY1 & :I*  
NECESS>ILY AFFECTS ! 9TELLECTUAL ATTITUDE ( !IR POLITICAL  
LEAD]S4 ,!SE V]Y P>TIES :I* HAD ONCE SET \T TO CONQU] ,SOCIALISM  
SAW !MSELVES COMPELL$ BY ! IRON LOGIC ( CONDITIONS TO SACRIFICE  
!IR ,SOCIALI/ CONVICTIONS BIT BY BIT TO ! NATIONAL POLICIES ( !  
/ATE4 ,!Y BECAME1 )\T ! MAJORITY ( !IR ADH]5TS EV]  
BECOM+ AW>E ( IT1 POLITICAL LI<TN+ RODS = ! SECURITY ( !  
CAPITALI/ SOCIAL ORD]4 ,! POLITICAL P[] :I* !Y HAD WANT$ TO  
CONQU] HAD GRADUALLY CONQU]$ !IR ,SOCIALISM UNTIL !RE WAS SC>CELY  
ANY?+ LEFT ( IT4 

,P>LIAM5T>IANISM1 :I* QUICKLY ATTA9$ A DOM9AT+ POSITION  
9 ! LABOR P>TIES ( ! DIFF]5T C\NTRIES1 LUR$ A LOT (  
B\RGEOIS M9DS & C>E]-HUNGRY POLITICIANS 9TO ! ,SOCIALI/ CAMP1  
& ?IS HELP$ TO ACCEL]ATE ! 9T]NAL DECAY ( ORIG9AL ,SOCIALI/  
PR9CIPLES4 ,?US ,SOCIALISM 9 ! C\RSE ( TIME LO/ ITS CREATIVE  
9ITIATIVE & BECAME AN ORD9>Y RE=M MOVEM5T :I* LACK$ ANY  
ELEM5T ( GREATNESS4 ,PEOPLE W]E CONT5T ) SUCCESSES AT ! POLLS1  
& NO LONG] ATTRIBUT$ ANY IMPORTANCE TO SOCIAL UPBUILD+ &  
CON/RUCTIVE $UCATION ( ! WORK]S = ?IS 5D4 ,! CONSEQU5CES (  
?IS DISA/R\S NEGLECT ( ONE ( ! WEI<TIE/ PROBLEMS1 ONE (  
DECISIVE IMPORTANCE = ! REALIZATION ( ,SOCIALISM1 W]E REVEAL$ 9  
!IR FULL SCOPE :5 AFT] ! ,WORLD ,W>1 A REVOLUTION>Y SITUATION  
>OSE 9 MANY ( ! C\NTRIES ( ,EUROPE4 ,! COLLAPSE ( ! OLD SY/EM  
HAD1 9 SEV]AL /ATES1 PUT 9TO ! H&S ( ! ,SOCIALI/S ! P[]  
!Y HAD /RIV5 = SO LONG & PO9T$ TO AS ! FIR/ PR]EQUISITE  
= ! REALIZATION ( ,SOCIALISM4 ,9 ,RUSSIA ! SEIZURE ( P[] BY !  
LEFT W+ ( /ATE ,SOCIALISM1 9 ! =M ( ,BOL%EVISM PAV$ ! WAY1  
NOT = A ,SOCIALI/ SOCIETY1 BUT = ! MO/ PRIMITIVE TYPE (  
BUREAUCRATIC /ATE CAPITALISM & A REV]SION TO ! POLITICAL  
ABSOLUTISM :I* WAS LONG AGO ABOLI%$ 9 MO/ C\NTRIES BY B\RGEOIS  
REVOLUTIONS4 ,9 ,G]MANY1 H[EV]1 :]E ! MOD]ATE W+ 9 ! =M (  
,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRACY ATTA9$ TO P[]1 ,SOCIALISM1 9 ITS LONG YE>S (  
ABSORPTION 9 R\T9E P>LIAM5T>Y TASKS1 HAD BECOME SO BOGG$ D[N  
?AT IT WAS NO LONG] CAPABLE ( ANY CREATIVE ACT :ATSOEV]4 ,EV5 A  
B\RGEOIS DEMOCRATIC %EET LIKE ! ,FRANKFURT] ,ZEITUNG FELT OBLIG$ TO  
CONFIRM ?AT 0! HI/ORY ( ,EUROPEAN PEOPLES HAS NOT PREVI\SLY  
PRODUC$ A REVOLUTION ?AT HAS BE5 SO POOR 9 CREATIVE IDEAS & SO  
WEAK 9 REVOLUTION>Y 5]GY40 

,BUT ?AT WAS NOT ALL3 NOT ONLY WAS POLITICAL ,SOCIALISM 9 NO  
POSITION TO UND]TAKE ANY K9D ( CON/RUCTIVE EF=T 9 ! DIRECTION  
( ,SOCIALISM1 IT DID NOT EV5 POSSESS ! MORAL /R5G? TO HOLD ON TO  
! A*IEVEM5TS ( B\RGEOIS ,DEMOCRACY & ,LIB]ALISM1 & SURR5D]$  
! C\NTRY )\T RESI/ANCE TO ,FASCISM1 :I* SMA%$ ! 5TIRE  
LABOR MOVEM5T TO BITS ) ONE BL[4 ,IT HAD BECOME SO DEEPLY IMM]S$  
9 ! B\RGEOIS /ATE ?AT IT HAD LO/ ALL S5SE ( CON/RUCTIVE  
,SOCIALI/ ACTION & FELT ITSELF TI$ TO ! B>R5 R\T9E ( EV]YDAY  
PRACTICAL POLITICS AS A GALLEY-SLAVE WAS *A9$ TO HIS B5*4 

,MOD]N ,AN>*O-,SYNDICALISM IS ! DIRECT REACTION AGA9/ !  
CONCEPTS & ME?ODS ( POLITICAL ,SOCIALISM1 A REACTION :I* EV5  
BE=E ! W> HAD ALREADY MADE ITSELF MANIFE/ 9 ! /RONG UPSURGE (  
! ,SYNDICALI/ LABOR MOVEM5T 9 ,FRANCE1 ,ITALY1 & O!R C\NTRIES1  
NOT TO SPEAK ( ,SPA91 :]E ! GREAT MAJORITY ( ! ORGANIZ$ WORK]S  
HAD ALWAYS REMA9$ FAI?FUL TO ! DOCTR9ES ( ! ,FIR/  
,9T]NATIONAL4 

,! T]M 0WORK]S' SYNDICATE0 MEANT 9 ,FRANCE M]ELY A TRADE UNION  
ORGANIZATION ( PRODUC]S = ! IMM$IATE BETT]M5T ( !IR ECONOMIC  
& SOCIAL /ATUS4 ,BUT ! RISE ( REVOLUTION>Y ,SYNDICALISM GAVE ?IS  
ORIG9AL MEAN+ A MU* WID] & DEEP] IMPORT4 ,JU/ AS ! P>T IS1 SO  
TO SPEAK1 ! UNIFI$ ORGANIZATION = DEF9ITE POLITICAL EF=T )9  
! MOD]N CON/ITUTIONAL /ATE1 & SEEKS TO MA9TA9 ! B\RGEOIS  
ORD] 9 ONE =M OR ANO!R1 SO1 ACCORD+ TO ! ,SYNDICALI/ VIEW1 !  
TRADE UNION1 ! SYNDICATE1 IS ! UNIFI$ ORGANIZATION ( LABOR &  
HAS = ITS PURPOSE ! DEF5SE ( ! 9T]E/S ( ! PRODUC]S )9  
EXI/+ SOCIETY & ! PREP>+ = & ! PRACTICAL C>RY+ \T (  
! RECON/RUCTION ( SOCIAL LIFE AFT] ! PATT]N ( ,SOCIALISM4 ,IT  
HAS1 !RE=E1 A D\BLE PURPOSE3 #a4 ,AS ! FI<T+ ORGANIZATION (  
! WORK]S AGA9/ ! EMPLOY]S TO 5=CE ! DEM&S ( ! WORK]S  
= ! SAFEGU>D+ & RAIS+ ( !IR /&>D ( LIV+2 #b4 ,AS !  
S*OOL = ! 9TELLECTUAL TRA9+ ( ! WORK]S TO MAKE !M  
ACQUA9T$ ) ! TE*NICAL MANAGEM5T ( PRODUCTION & ECONOMIC LIFE  
9 G5]AL SO ?AT :5 A REVOLUTION>Y SITUATION >ISES !Y WILL BE  
CAPABLE ( TAK+ ! SOCIO-ECONOMIC ORGANISM 9TO !IR [N H&S &  
REM>K+ IT ACCORD+ TO ,SOCIALI/ PR9CIPLES4 

,AN>*O-,SYNDICALI/S >E ( ! OP9ION ?AT POLITICAL P>TIES1  
EV5 :5 !Y BE> A SOCIALI/ NAME1 >E NOT FITT$ TO P]=M EI!R  
( !SE TWO TASKS4 ,! M]E FACT ?AT1 EV5 9 ?OSE C\NTRIES :]E  
POLITICAL ,SOCIALISM COMM&$ P[]FUL ORGANIZATIONS & HAD MILLIONS (  
VOT]S BEH9D IT1 ! WORK]S HAD NEV] BE5 ABLE TO DISP5SE ) TRADE  
UNIONS BECAUSE LEGISLATION (F]$ !M NO PROTECTION 9 !IR /RUGGLE  
= DAILY BREAD1 TE/IFIES TO ?IS4 ,IT FREQU5TLY HAPP5$ ?AT 9 JU/  
!SE SECTIONS ( ! C\NTRY :]E ! ,SOCIALI/ P>TIES W]E /RONGE/  
! WAGES ( WORK]S W]E L[E/ & ! CONDITIONS ( LABOR WOR/4  
,?AT WAS ! CASE1 = EXAMPLE1 9 ! NOR!RN 9DU/RIAL DI/RICTS (  
,FRANCE1 :]E ,SOCIALI/S W]E 9 ! MAJORITY 9 NUM]\S CITY  
ADM9I/RATIONS1 & 9 ,SAXONY & ,SILESIA1 :]E ?R\<\T ITS  
EXI/5CE ,G]MAN ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRACY HAD BE5 ABLE TO %[ A L>GE  
FOLL[+4 

,GOV]NM5TS & P>LIAM5TS SELDOM DECIDE ON ECONOMIC OR SOCIAL  
RE=MS ON !IR [N 9ITIATIVE1 & :]E ?IS HAS HAPP5$ ?US F>  
! ALLEG$ IMPROVEM5TS HAVE ALWAYS REMA9$ A DEAD LETT] 9 ! VA/  
WA/E ( LAWS4 ,?US ! MODE/ ATTEMPTS ( ! ,5GLI% P>LIAM5T 9 !  
E>LY P]IOD ( BIG 9DU/RY1 :5 ! LEGISLATORS1 FRI<T5$ BY !  
HORRIBLE EFFECTS ( ! EXPLOITATION ( *ILDR51 AT LA/ RESOLV$ ON  
SOME TRIFL+ AMELIORATION'S1 = A LONG TIME HAD ALMO/ NO EFFECT4 ,ON  
! ONE H& !Y RAN AF\L ( ! LACK ( UND]/&+ ( ! WORK]S  
!MSELVES1 ON ! O!R !Y W]E SABOTAG$ \TRI<T BY ! EMPLOY]S4  
,IT WAS MU* ! SAME ) ! WELL-KN[N LAW :I* ! ,ITALIAN  
GOV]NM5T 5ACT$ 9 ! MIDDLE #i'S TO =BID WOM5 :O W]E COMPELL$  
TO TOIL 9 ! SULFUR M9ES 9 ,SICILY FROM TAK+ !IR *ILDR5 D[N  
9TO ! M9ES ) !M4 ,?IS LAW ALSO REMA9$ A DEAD LETT]1 BECAUSE  
!SE UN=TUNATE WOM5 W]E SO POORLY PAID ?AT !Y W]E OBLIG$ TO  
DISREG>D ! LAW4 ,ONLY A CONSID]ABLE TIME LAT]1 :5 !SE WORK+  
WOM5 HAD SUCCE$$ 9 ORGANIZ+1 & ?US =C+ UP !IR /&>D (  
LIV+1 DID ! EVIL DISAPPE> ( ITSELF4 ,!RE >E PL5TY ( SIMIL>  
9/ANCES 9 ! HI/ORY ( EV]Y C\NTRY4 

,BUT EV5 ! LEGAL AU?ORIZATION ( A RE=M IS NO GU>ANTEE (  
ITS P]MAN5CE UNLESS !RE EXI/ \TSIDE ( P>LIAM5T MILITANT MASSES  
:O >E READY TO DEF5D IT AGA9/ EV]Y ATTACK4 ,?US ! ,5GLI%  
FACTORY [N]S1 DESPITE ! 5ACTM5T ( ! T5-H\R LAW 9 #a#h#d#h1  
%ORTLY AFT]W>DS AVAIL$ !MSELVES ( AN 9DU/RIAL CRISIS TO COMPEL  
WORK]S TO TOIL = ELEV5 OR EV5 TWELVE H\RS4 ,:5 ! FACTORY  
9SPECTORS TOOK LEGAL PROCE$+S AGA9/ 9DIVIDUAL EMPLOY]S ON ?IS  
ACC\NT1 ! ACCUS$ W]E NOT ONLY ACQUITT$1 ! ,GOV]NM5T H9T$ TO  
! 9SPECTORS ?AT !Y W]E NOT TO 9SI/ ON ! LETT] ( ! LAW1 SO  
?AT ! WORK]S W]E OBLIG$1 AFT] ECONOMIC CONDITIONS HAD REVIV$  
SOME:AT1 TO MAKE ! FI<T = ! T5-H\R DAY ALL OV] AGA9 ON !IR  
[N RES\RCES4 ,AMONG ! FEW ECONOMIC IMPROVEM5TS :I* ! ,NOVEMB]  
,REVOLUTION ( #aiah BR\<T TO ! ,G]MAN WORK]S1 ! EI<T-H\R DAY WAS  
! MO/ IMPORTANT4 ,BUT IT WAS SNAT*$ BACK FROM ! WORK]S BY !  
EMPLOY]S 9 MO/ 9DU/RIES1 DESPITE ! FACT ?AT IT WAS 9 !  
/ATUTES1 ACTUALLY AN*OR$ LEGALLY 9 ! ,WEIM> ,CON/ITUTION ITSELF4 

,BUT IF POLITICAL P>TIES >E ABSOLUTELY 9CAPABLE ( MAK+ !  
SLI<TE/ CONTRIBUTION TO ! IMPROVEM5T ( ! /&>D ( LIV+ (  
! WORK]S )9 PRES5T DAY SOCIETY1 !Y >E F> LESS CAPABLE TO  
C>RY ON ! ORGANIC UPBUILD+ ( A ,SOCIALI/ COMMUNITY OR EV5 TO PAVE  
! WAY = IT1 S9CE !Y UTT]LY LACK EV]Y PRACTICAL REQUIREM5T =  
SU* AN A*IEVEM5T4 ,RUSSIA & ,G]MANY HAVE GIV5 QUITE SUFFICI5T  
PRO( ( ?IS4 

,! LANCEHEAD ( ! LABOR MOVEM5T IS1 !RE=E1 NOT !  
POLITICAL P>TY BUT ! TRAD] UNION1 T\<5$ BY DAILY COMBAT &  
P]MEAT$ BY ,SOCIALI/ SPIRIT4 ,ONLY 9 ! REALM ( ECONOMY >E !  
WORK]S ABLE TO DISPLAY !IR FULL SOCIAL /R5G?1 = IT IS !IR  
ACTIVITY AS PRODUC]S :I* HOLDS TOGE!R ! :OLE SOCIAL /RUCTURE1  
& GU>ANTEES ! EXI/5CE ( SOCIETY AT ALL4 ,9 ANY O!R FIELD !Y  
>E FI<T+ ON ALI5 SOIL & WA/+ !IR /R5G? 9 HOPELESS  
/RUGGLES :I* BR+ !M NOT AN IOTA NE>] TO ! GOAL ( !IR  
DESIRES4 9 ! FIELD ( P>LIAM5T>Y POLITICS ! WORK] IS LIKE !  
GIANT ,ANTAEUS ( ! ,GREEK LEG5D1 :OM ,H]CULES WAS ABLE TO /RANGLE  
AFT] HE TOOK HIS FEET (F ! E>? :O WAS HIS MO!R4 ,ONLY AS  
PRODUC] & CREATOR ( SOCIAL WEAL? DOES HE BECOME AW>E ( HIS  
/R5G?2 9 SOLID>IC UNION ) HIS FELL[S HE CREATES 9 ! TRADE  
UNION ! 9V9CIBLE PHALANX :I* CAN )/& ANY ASSAULT1 IF IT IS  
AFLAME ) ! SPIRIT ( FRE$OM & ANIMAT$ BY ! IDEAL ( SOCIAL  
JU/ICE4 

,= ! ,AN>*O-,SYNDICALI/S ! TRADE UNION IS BY NO MEANS A M]E  
TRANSITORY PH5OM5ON B\ND UP ) ! DURATION ( CAPITALI/ SOCIETY1  
IT IS ! G]M ( ! ,SOCIALI/ SOCIETY ( ! FUTURE1 ! ELEM5T>Y  
S*OOL ( ,SOCIALISM 9 G5]AL4 ,EV]Y NEW SOCIAL /RUCTURE MAKES ORGANS  
= ITSELF 9 ! BODY ( ! OLD ORGANISM4 ,)\T ?IS PRELIM9>Y ANY  
SOCIAL EVOLUTION IS UN?9KABLE4 ,EV5 REVOLUTIONS CAN ONLY DEVELOP &  
MATURE ! G]MS :I* ALREADY EXI/ & HAVE MADE !IR WAY 9TO !  
CONSCI\SNESS ( M52 !Y CANNOT !MSELVES CREATE !SE G]MS OR  
CREATE NEW WORLDS \T ( NO?+4 ,IT !RE=E CONC]NS US TO PLANT  
!SE G]MS :ILE !RE IS /ILL YET TIME & BR+ !M TO !  
/RONGE/ POSSIBLE DEVELOPM5T1 SO AS TO MAKE ! TASK ( ! COM+  
SOCIAL REVOLUTION EASI] & TO 5SURE ITS P]MAN5CE4 

,ALL ! $UCATIONAL WORK ( ! ,AN>*O-,SYNDICALI/ IS AIM$ AT  
?IS PURPOSE4 ,$UCATION = ,SOCIALISM DOES NOT MEAN = !M TRIVIAL  
CAMPAIGN PROPAG&A & SO-CALL$ 0POLITICS-(-!-DAY10 BUT ! EF=T  
TO MAKE CLE> TO ! WORK]S ! 9TR9SIC CONNECTIONS AMONG SOCIAL  
PROBLEMS BY TE*NICAL 9/RUCTION & ! DEVELOPM5T ( !IR  
ADM9I/RATIVE CAPACITIES1 TO PREP>E !M = !IR ROLE ( RE-%AP]S  
( ECONOMIC LIFE1 & GIVE !M ! MORAL ASSURANCE REQUIR$ = !  
P]=MANCE ( ! TASK4 ,NO SOCIAL BODY IS BETT] FITT$ = ?IS  
PURPOSE ?AN ! ECONOMIC FI<T+ ORGANIZATIONS ( ! WORK]S2 IT  
GIVES A DEF9ITE DIRECTION TO !IR SOCIAL ACTIVITIES & T\<5S !IR  
RESI/ANCE 9 ! IMM$IATE /RUGGLE = ! NECESSITIES ( LIFE & !  
DEF5SE ( !IR HUMAN RI<TS4 ,?IS DIRECT & UNCEAS+ W>F>E )  
! SUPPORT]S ( ! PRES5T SY/EM DEVELOPS AT ! SAME TIME !  
E?ICAL CONCEPTS )\T :I* ANY SOCIAL TRANS=MATION IS IMPOSSIBLE3  
VITAL SOLID>ITY ) !IR FELL[S-9-DE/9Y & MORAL RESPONSIBILITY  
= !IR [N ACTIONS4 

,JU/ BECAUSE ! $UCATIONAL WORK ( ! ,AN>*O-,SYNDICALI/S IS  
DIRECT$ T[>D ! DEVELOPM5T ( 9DEP5D5T ?\<T & ACTION1 !Y  
>E \TSPOK5 OPPON5TS ( ALL ?OSE C5TRALIZ+ T5D5CIES :I* >E  
SO *>ACT]I/IC ( ALL POLITICAL LABOR P>TIES4 ,BUT C5TRALISM1 ?AT  
>TIFICIAL ORGANIZATION FROM ABOVE :I* TURNS OV] ! AFFAIRS (  
EV]YBODY 9 A LUMP TO A SMALL M9ORITY1 IS ALWAYS ATT5D$ BY B>R5  
(FICIAL R\T9E2 & ?IS CRU%ES 9DIVIDUAL CONVICTION1 KILLS ALL  
P]SONAL 9ITIATIVE BY LIFELESS DISCIPL9E & BUREAUCRATIC  
OSSIFICATION1 & P]MITS NO 9DEP5D5T ACTION4 ,! ORGANIZATION (  
,AN>*O-,SYNDICALISM IS BAS$ ON ! PR9CIPLES ( ,F$]ALISM1 ON FREE  
COMB9ATION FROM BEL[ UPW>D1 PUTT+ ! RI<T ( SELF-DET]M9ATION  
( EV]Y MEMB] ABOVE EV]Y?+ ELSE & RECOGNIZ+ ONLY ! ORGANIC  
AGREEM5T ( ALL ON ! BASIS ( LIKE 9T]E/S & COMMON CONVICTIONS4 

,IT HAS (T5 BE5 *>G$ AGA9/ F$]ALISM ?AT IT DIVIDES !  
=CES & CRIPPLES ! /R5G? ( ORGANIZ$ RESI/ANCE1 &1 V]Y  
SIGNIFICANTLY1 IT HAS BE5 JU/ ! REPRES5TATIVE ( ! POLITICAL  
LABOR P>TIES & ( ! TRADE UNIONS UND] !IR 9FLU5CE :O HAVE  
KEPT REPEAT+ ?IS *>GE TO ! PO9T ( NAUSEA4 ,BUT H]E1 TOO1 !  
FACTS ( LIFE HAVE SPOK5 MORE CLE>LY ?AN ANY !ORY4 ,!RE WAS NO  
C\NTRY 9 ! WORLD :]E ! :OLE LABOR MOVEM5T WAS SO COMPLETELY  
C5TRALIZ$ & ! TE*NIQUE ( ORGANIZATION DEVELOP$ TO SU* EXTREME  
P]FECTION AS 9 ,G]MANY BE=E ,HITL]'S ACCESSION TO P[]4 ,A P[]FUL  
BUREAUCRATIC APP>ATUS COV]$ ! :OLE C\NTRY & DET]M9$ EV]Y  
POLITICAL & ECONOMIC EXPRESSION ( ! ORGANIZ$ WORK]S4 ,9 ! V]Y  
LA/ ELECTIONS ! ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRATIC & ,COMMUNI/ P>TIES UNIT$ OV]  
TWELVE MILLION VOT]S = !IR C&IDATES4 ,BUT AFT] ,HITL] SEIZ$  
P[] SIX MILLION ORGANIZ$ WORK]S DID NOT RAISE A F+] TO AV]T !  
CATA/ROPHE :I* HAD PLUNG$ ,G]MANY 9TO ! ABYSS1 & :I* 9 A FEW  
MON?S BEAT !IR ORGANIZATION COMPLETELY TO PIECES4 

,BUT 9 ,SPA91 :]E ,AN>*O-,SYNDICALISM HAD MA9TA9$ ITS HOLD  
UPON ORGANIZ$ LABOR FROM ! DAYS ( ! ,FIR/ ,9T]NATIONAL1 & BY  
UNTIR+ LIB]T>IAN PROPAG&A & %>P FI<T+ HAD TRA9$ IT TO  
RESI/ANCE1 IT WAS ! P[]FUL ,C4,N4,T4 :I* BY ! BOLDNESS ( ITS  
ACTION FRU/RAT$ ! CRIM9AL PLANS ( ,FRANCO & HIS NUM]\S HELP]S  
AT HOME & ABROAD1 & BY !IR H]OIC EXAMPLE SPURR$ ! ,SPANI%  
WORK]S & PEASANTS TO ! BATTLE AGA9/ ,FASCISM--A FACT :I* ,FRANCO  
HIMSELF HAS BE5 COMPELL$ TO ACKN[L$GE4 ,)\T ! H]OIC RESI/ANCE  
( ! ,AN>*O-,SYNDICALI/ LABOR UNIONS ! ,FASCI/ REACTIONS W\LD 9  
A FEW WEEKS HAVE DOM9AT$ ! :OLE C\NTRY4 

,:5 ONE COMP>ES ! TE*NIQUE ( ! F$]ALI/ ORGANIZATION (  
! ,C4,N4,T4 ) ! C5TRALI/IC MA*9E :I* ! ,G]MAN WORK]S HAD  
BUILT = !MSELVES1 ONE IS SURPRIS$ BY ! SIMPLICITY ( ! =M]4  
,9 ! SMALL] SYNDICATES EV]Y TASK = ! ORGANIZATION WAS P]=M$  
VOLUNT>ILY4 ,9 ! L>G] ALLIANCES1 :]E NATURALLY E/ABLI%$  
(FICIAL REPRES5TATIVES W]E NECESS>Y1 !SE W]E ELECT$ = ONE YE>  
ONLY & RECEIV$ ! SAME PAY AS ! WORK]S 9 !IR TRADE4 ,EV5 !  
,G5]AL ,SECRET>Y ( ! ,C4,N4,T4 WAS NO EXCEPTION TO ?IS RULE4 ?IS IS  
AN OLD TRADITION :I* HAS BE5 KEPT UP 9 ,SPA9 S9CE ! DAYS ( !  
,9T]NATIONAL4 ,?IS SIMPLE =M ( ORGANIZATION NOT ONLY SUFFIC$ !  
,SPANI% WORK]S = TURN+ ! ,C4,N4,T4 9TO A FI<T+ UNIT ( ! FIR/  
RANK1 IT ALSO SAFEGU>D$ !M AGA9/ ANY BUREAUCRATIC REGIME 9 !IR  
[N RANKS & HELP$ !M TO DISPLAY ?AT IRRESI/IBLE SPIRIT (  
SOLID>ITY & T5ACI\SNESS :I* IS SO *>ACT]I/IC ( ?IS  
ORGANIZATION1 & :I* ONE 5C\NT]S 9 NO O!R C\NTRY4 

,= ! /ATE C5TRALIZATION IS ! APPROPRIATE =M (  
ORGANIZATION1 S9CE IT AIMS AT ! GREATE/ POSSIBLE UNI=MITY 9  
SOCIAL LIFE = ! MA9T5ANCE ( POLITICAL & SOCIAL EQUILIBRIUM4 ,BUT  
= A MOVEM5T :OSE V]Y EXI/5CE DEP5DS ON PROMPT ACTION AT ANY  
FAVORABLE MOM5T & ON ! 9DEP5D5T ?\<T & ACTION ( ITS  
SUPPORT]S1 C5TRALISM C\LD BUT BE A CURSE BY WEAK5+ ITS P[] (  
DECISION & SY/EMATICALLY REPRESS+ ALL IMM$IATE ACTION4 ,IF1 =  
EXAMPLE1 AS WAS ! CASE 9 ,G]MANY1 EV]Y LOCAL /RIKE HAD FIR/ TO BE  
APPROV$ BY ! ,C5TRAL1 :I* WAS (T5 HUNDR$S ( MILS AWAY & WAS  
NOT USUALLY NOT 9 A POSITION TO PASS A CORRECT JUDGM5T ON ! LOCAL  
CONDITIONS1 ONE CANNOT WOND] ?AT ! 9]TIA ( ! APP>ATUS (  
ORGANIZATION R5D]S A QUICK ATTACK QUITE IMPOSSIBLE1 & !RE ?US  
>ISES A /ATE ( AFFAIRS :]E ! 5]GETIC & 9TELLECTUALLY AL]T  
GR\PS NO LONG] S]VE AS PATT]NS = ! LESS ACTIVE1 BUT >E  
CONDEMN$ BY !SE TO 9ACTIVITY1 9EVITABLY BR++ ! :OLE MOVEM5T  
TO /AGNATION4 ,ORGANIZATION IS1 AFT] ALL1 ONLY A MEANS TO AN 5D4 ,:5  
IT BECOMES AN 5D 9 ITSELF1 IT KILLS ! SPIRIT & ! VITAL  
9ITIATIVE ( ITS MEMB]S & SETS UP ?AT DOM9ATION BY M$IOCRITY  
:I* IS ! *>ACT]I/IC ( ALL BUREAUCRACIES4 

,AN>*O-,SYNDICALI/S >E1 !RE=E1 ( ! OP9ION ?AT TRADE  
UNION ORGANIZATION %\LD BE ( SU* A *>ACT] AS TO AF=D WORK]S  
! POSSIBILITY ( A*IEV+ ! UTMO/ 9 !IR /RUGGLE AGA9/ !  
EMPLOY]S1 & AT ! SAME TIME PROVIDE !M ) A BASIS FROM :I*  
!Y WILL BE ABLE 9 A REVOLUTION>Y POSITION TO PROCE$ ) RE%AP+  
( ECONOMIC & SOCIAL LIFE4 

,!IR ORGANIZATION IS ACCORD+LY CON/RUCT$ ON ! FOLL[+  
PR9CIPLES3 ,! WORK]S 9 EA* LOCALITY JO9 ! UNIONS = !IR  
RESPECTIVE TRADES1 & !SE >E SUBJECT TO ! VETO ( NO ,C5TRAL BUT  
5JOY ! 5TIRE RI<T ( SELF-DET]M9ATION4 ,! TRADE UNIONS ( A CITY  
OR RURAL DI/RICT COMB9E 9 A SO-CALL$ LABOR C>TEL4 ,! LABOR  
C>TELS CON/ITUTE ! C5T]S = LOCAL PROPAG&A & $UCATION2 !Y  
WELD ! WORK]S TOGE!R AS A CLASS & PREV5T ! RISE ( ANY N>R[- 
M9D$ FACTIONAL SPIRIT4 ,9 TIMES ( LOCAL LABOR TR\BLE !Y >RANGE  
= ! SOLID>IC COOP]ATION ( ! :OLE BODY ( ORGANIZ$ LABOR 9  
! USE ( EV]Y AG5CY AVAILABLE UND] ! CIRCUM/ANCES4 ,ALL !  
LABOR C>TELS >E GR\P$ ACCORD+ TO DI/RICTS & REGIONS TO =M  
! ,NATIONAL ,F$]ATION ( ,LABOR ,C>TELS1 :I* MA9TA9 ! P]MAN5T  
CONNECTION BETWE5 ! LOCAL BODIES1 >RANGES = FREE ADJU/M5T ( !  
PRODUCTIVE LABOR ( ! MEMB]S ( ! DIFF]5T ORGANIZATIONS ON CO- 
OP]ATIVE L9ES1 PROVIDE = ! NECESS>Y COOP]ATION 9 ! FIELD (  
$UCATION1 9 :I* ! /RONG] C>TELS WILL NE$ TO COME TO ! AID (  
! WEAK] ONES1 & 9 G5]AL SUPPORT ! LOCAL GR\PS ) C\NCIL  
& GUIDANCE4 

,EV]Y TRADE UNION IS1 MOREOV]1 F$]ATIVELY ALLI$ ) ALL !  
SAME ORGANIZATIONS 9 ! SAME TRADE ?R\<\T ! C\NTRY1 & !SE  
9 TURN ) ALL RELAT$ TRADES1 SO ?AT ALL >E COMB9$ 9 G5]AL  
9DU/RIAL ALLIANCES4 ,IT IS ! TASK ( !SE ALLIANCES TO >RANGE =  
! COOP]ATIVE ACTION ( ! LOCAL GR\PS1 TO CONDUCT SOLID>IC  
/RIKES :]E ! NECESSITY >ISES1 & TO MEET ALL ! DEM&S ( !  
DAY-TO-DAY /RUGGLE BETWE5 CAPITAL & LABOR4 ,?US ! ,F$]ATION (  
,LABOR ,C>TELS & ! ,F$]ATION ( ,9DU/RIAL ,ALLIANCES CON/ITUTE !  
TWO POLES AB\T :I* ! :OLE LIFE ( ! TRADE UNIONS REVOLVES4 

,SU* A =M ( ORGANIZATION NOT ONLY GIVES ! WORK]S EV]Y  
OPPORTUNITY = DIRECT ACTION 9 !IR /RUGGLES = DAILY BREAD1 IT  
ALSO PROVIDES !M ) ! NECESS>Y PRELIM9>IES = C>RY+ ?R\<  
! REORGANIZATION ( SOCIAL LIFE ON A ,SOCIALI/ PLAN BY !IR [N  
/R5G? & )\T ALI5 9T]V5TION1 9 CASE ( A REVOLUTION>Y  
CRISIS4 ,AN>*O-,SYNDICALI/S >E CONV9C$ ?AT A ,SOCIALI/ ECONOMIC  
ORD] CANNOT BE CREAT$ BY ! DECREES & /ATUTES ( A GOV]NM5T1 BUT  
ONLY BY ! SOLID>IC COLLABORATION ( ! WORK]S ) H& OR BRA9 9  
EA* SPECIAL BRAN* ( PRODUCTION2 ?AT IS1 ?R\< ! TAK+ OV] (  
! MANAGEM5T ( ALL PLANTS BY ! PRODUC]S !MSELVES UND] SU* =M  
?AT ! SEP>ATE GR\PS1 PLANTS & BRAN*ES ( 9DU/RY >E  
9DEP5D5T MEMB]S ( ! G5]AL ECONOMIC ORGANISM & SY/EMATICALLY  
C>RY ON PRODUCTION & ! DI/RIBUTION ( ! PRODUCTS 9 ! 9T]E/  
( ! COMMUNITY ON ! BASIS ( FREE MUTUAL AGREEM5TS4 

,9 SU* A CASE ! LABOR C>TELS W\LD TAKE OV] ! EXI/+  
SOCIAL CAPITAL 9 EA* COMMUNITY1 DET]M9E ! NE$S ( ! 9HABITANTS  
( !IR DI/RICTS1 & ORGANIZE LOCAL CONSUMPTION4 ,?R\< ! AG5CY  
( ! NATIONAL ,F$]ATION ( ,LABOR ,C>TELS IT W\LD BE POSSIBLE TO  
CALCULATE ! TOTAL REQUIREM5TS ( ! C\NTRY & ADJU/ ! WORK (  
PRODUCTION ACCORD+LY4 ,ON ! O!R H&1 IT W\LD BE ! TASK ( !  
,9DU/RIAL ,ALLIANCES TO TAKE CONTROL ( ALL ! 9/RUM5TS (  
PRODUCTION1 MA*9ES1 RAW MAT]IALS1 MEANS ( TRANSPORTATION & !  
LIKE1 & TO PROVIDE ! SEP>ATE PRODUC+ GR\PS ) :AT !Y NE$4  
,9 A WORD3 #a4 ,ORGANIZATION ( ! PLANTS BY ! PRODUC]S !MSELVES &  
DIRECTION ( ! WORK BY LABOR C\NCILS ELECT$ BY !M4 #b4  
,ORGANIZATION ( ! TOTAL PRODUCTION ( ! C\NTRY BY ! 9DU/RIAL  
& AGRICULTURAL ALLIANCES4 #c4 ,ORGANIZATION ( CONSUMPTION BY ! ,LABOR  
,C>TELS4 

,9 ?IS RESPECT1 ALSO PRACTICAL EXP]I5CE HAS GIV5 ! BE/  
9/RUCTION4 ,IT HAS %[N US ?AT ECONOMIC QUE/IONS 9 ! ,SOCIALI/  
MEAN+ CANNOT BE SOLV$ BY A GOV]NM5T1 EV5 :5 ?AT IS MEANT !  
CELEBRAT$ DICTATOR%IP ( ! PROLET>IAT4 ,9 ,RUSSIA ! ,BOL%EVI/  
DICTATOR%IP /OOD = ALMO/ TWO :OLE YE>S HELPLESS BE=E ITS  
ECONOMIC PROBLEMS & TRI$ TO HIDE ITS 9CAPACITY BEH9D A FLOOD (  
DECREES & ORD9ANCES1 ( :I* N9ETY-N9E P]C5T W]E BURI$ AT ONCE  
9 ! V>I\S BUREAUS4 ,IF ! WORLD C\LD BE SET FREE BY DECREES1 !RE  
W\LD LONG AGO HAVE BE5 NO PROBLEMS LEFT 9 ,RUSSIA4 ,9 ITS FANATICAL  
ZEAL = GOV]NM5T1 ,BOL%EVISM HAS VIOL5TLY DE/ROY$ JU/ ! MO/  
VALUABLE BEG9N+S ( A ,SOCIALI/ SOCIAL ORD]1 BY SUPPRESS+ ! CO- 
OP]ATIVES1 BR++ ! TRADE UNIONS UND] /ATE CONTROL1 & DEPRIV+  
! SOVIETS ( !IR 9DEP5D5CE ALMO/ FROM ! BEG9N+4 ,KROPOTK9  
SAID ) JU/ICE 9 HIS 0,MESSAGE TO ! ,WORK]S ( ! ,WE/ ,EUROPEAN  
,C\NTRIES030,RUSSIA HAS %[N US ! WAY 9 :I* ,SOCIALISM CANNOT BE  
REALIZ$1 AL?\< ! POPULACE1 NAUSEAT$ ) ! OLD REGIME1 OPPOS$  
NO ACTIVE RESI/ANCE TO ! EXP]IM5TS ( ! NEW GOV]NM5T4 ,! IDEA  
( ! WORK]S' C\NCILS = ! CONTROL ( ! POLITICAL & ECONOMIC  
LIFE IS1 9 ITSELF1 ( EXTRAORD9>Y IMPORTANCE444,BUT SO LONG AS !  
C\NTRY IS DOM9AT$ BY ! DICTATOR%IP ( A P>TY1 ! WORK]S' &  
PEASANTS' C\NCILS NATURALLY LOSE !IR SIGNIFICANCE4 ,!Y >E !REBY  
DEGRAD$ TO ! SAME PASSIVE ROLE :I* ! REPRES5TATIVES ( !  
E/ATES US$ TO PLAY 9 ! TIME ( ! ABSOLUTE MON>*IES4 ,A WORK]S'  
C\NCIL CEASES TO BE A FREE & VALUABLE ADVIS] :5 NO FREE PRESS  
EXI/S 9 ! C\NTRY1 AS HAS BE5 ! CASE ) US = OV] TWO YE>S4  
,WORSE /ILL3 ! WORK]S' & PEASANTS' C\NCILS LOSE ALL !IR MEAN+  
:5 NO PUBLIC PROPAG&A TAKES PLACE BE=E !IR ELECTION1 & !  
ELECTIONS !MSELVES >E CONDUCT$ UND] ! PRESSURE ( P>TY  
DICTATOR%IP4 ,SU* A GOV]NM5T BY C\NCILS 7SOVIET GOV]NM5T7 AM\NTS  
TO A DEF9ITE /EP BACKW>D AS SOON AS ! ,REVOLUTION ADVANCES TO !  
]ECTION ( NEW SOCIETY ON A NEW ECONOMIC BASIS3 IT BECOMES JU/ A DEAD  
PR9CIPLE ON A DEAD F\NDATION40 

 ,! C\RSE ( EV5TS HAS PROV$ ,KROPOTK9 RI<T ON EV]Y PO9T4  
,RUSSIA IS TODAY F>!R FROM ,SOCIALISM ?AN ANY O!R C\NTRY4  
,DICTATOR%IP DOES NOT LEAD TO ! ECONOMIC & SOCIAL LIB]ATION ( !  
TOIL+ MASSES1 BUT TO ! SUPPRESSION ( EV5 ! MO/ TRIVIAL FRE$OM  
& ! DEVELOPM5T ( AN UNLIMIT$ DESPOTISM :I* RESPECTS NO RI<TS  
& TREADS UND]FOOT EV]Y FEEL+ ( HUMAN DIGNITY4 ,:AT ! ,RUSSIAN  
WORK] HAS GA9$ ECONOMICALLY UND] ?IS REGIME IS A MO/ RU9\S =M  
( HUMAN EXPLOITATION1 BORR[$ FROM ! MO/ EXTREME /AGE (  
CAPITALISM1 9 ! %APE ( ! ,/AKHANOV SY/EM1 :I* RAISES HIS  
PRODUCTIVE CAPACITY TO ITS HI<E/ LIMIT & DEGRADES HIM TO GALLEY  
SLAVE1 :O IS D5I$ ALL CONTROL ( HIS P]SONAL LABOR1 & :O MU/  
SUBMIT TO EV]Y ORD] ( HIS SUP]IORS IF HE DOES NOT WI% TO EXPOSE  
HIMSELF TO P5ALTIES LIFE & LIB]TY4 ,BUT COMPULSORY LABOR IS ! LA/  
ROAD ?AT CAN LEAD TO ,SOCIALISM4 ,IT E/RANGES ! MAN FROM !  
COMMUNITY1 DE/ROYS HIS JOY 9 HIS DAILY WORK1 & /IFLES ?AT S5SE (  
P]SONAL RESPONSIBILITY TO HIS FELL[S )\T :I* !RE CAN BE NO  
TALK ( ,SOCIALISM AT ALL4  

,WE %ALL NOT EV5 SPEAK ( ,G]MANY H]E4 ,ONE C\LD NOT REASONABLY  
EXPECT ( A P>TY LIKE ! ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRATS--:OSE C5TRAL ORGAN  
,VORW>TS1 JU/ ON ! EV5+ BE=E ! ,NOVEMB] ,REVOLUTION ( #aiah  
W>N$ ! WORK]S AGA9/ PRECIPITANCY1 0AS ! ,G]MAN PEOPLE >E NOT  
READY = A REPUBLIC0--?AT IT W\LD EXP]IM5T ) ,SOCIALISM4 ,P[]1 WE  
MI<T SAY1 FELL 9TO ITS LAP OV]NI<T1 & IT ACTUALLY DID NOT KN[  
:AT TO DO ) IT4 ,ITS ABSOLUTE IMPOT5CE CONTRIBUT$ NOT A LITTLE TO  
5ABL+ ,G]MANY TO BASK TODAY 9 ! SUN ( ! ,?IRD ,REI*4 

,! ,AN>*O-,SYNDICALI/ LABOR UNIONS ( ,SPA91 & ESPECIALLY (  
,CATALONIA1 :]E !IR 9FLU5CE IS /RONGE/1 HAVE %[N US AN EXAMPLE  
9 ?IS RESPECT :I* IS UNIQUE 9 ! HI/ORY ( ,SOCIALI/ LABOR  
MOVEM5T4 ,9 ?IS !Y HAVE ONLY CONFIRM$ :AT ! ,AN>*O-,SYNDICALI/S  
HAVE ALWAYS 9SI/$ ON3 ?AT ! APPROA* TO ,SOCIALISM IS POSSIBLE ONLY  
:5 ! WORK]S HAVE CREAT$ ! NECESS>Y ORGANISM = IT1 & :5  
ABOVE ALL !Y HAVE PREVI\SLY PREP>$ = IT BY A G5U9ELY  
,SOCIALI/IC $UCATION & DIRECT ACTION4 ,BUT ?IS WAS ! CASE 9 ,SPA91  
:]E S9CE ! DAYS ( ! ,9T]NATIONAL ! WEI<T ( ! LABOR  
MOVEM5T HAD LA91 NOT 9 POLITICAL P>TIES1 BUT 9 ! REVOLUTION>Y  
TRADE UNIONS4 

,:51 ON ,JULY #a#i1 #a#i#c#f1 ! CONSPIRACY ( ! ,FASCI/ G5]ALS  
RIP5$ 9TO OP5 REVOLT & WAS PUT D[N 9 A FEW DAYS BY ! H]OIC  
RESI/ANCE ( ! ,C4,N4,T47,NATIONAL ,F$]ATION ( ,LABOR7 & !  
,F4,A4,I47,AN>*I/ ,F$]ATION ( ,IB]IA71 RIDD+ ,CATALONIA ( ! 5EMY  
& FRU/RAT+ ! PLAN ( ! CONSPIRATORS1 BAS$ AS IT WAS ON SUDD5  
SURPRISE1 IT WAS CLE> ?AT ! ,CATALONIAN WORK]S W\LD NOT /OP  
HALFWAY4 ,SO !RE FOLL[$ ! COLLECTIVIZ+ ( ! L& & ! TAK+  
OV] ( ! PLANTS BY ! WORK]S' & PEASANTS' SYNDICATES2 & ?IS  
MOVEM5T1 :I* WAS RELEAS$ BY ! 9ITIATIVE ( ! ,C4,N4,T4 & !  
,F4,A4,I41 ) IRRESI/IBLE P[] OV]RAN ,>AGON1 ! ,LEVANTE & O!R  
SECTIONS ( ! C\NTRY1 & EV5 SWEPT ALONG ) IT A L>GE P>T (  
! TRADE UNIONS ( ! ,SOCIALI/ ,P>TY1 ORGANIZ$ 9 ! ,U4,G4,T4  
7,G5]AL ,LABOR ,UNION74 ,! REVOLT ( ! ,FASCI/S HAD SET ,SPA9 ON !  
ROAD TO A SOCIAL REVOLUTION4 

,?IS SAME EV5T REVEALS ?AT ! ,AN>*O-,SYNDICALI/ WORK]S (  
,SPA9 NOT ONLY KN[ H[ TO FI<T1 BUT ?AT !Y >E FILL$ ) ?AT  
GREAT CON/RUCTIVE SPIRIT D]IV$ FROM !IR MANY YE>S ( ,SOCIALI/  
$UCATION4 ,IT IS ! GREAT M]IT ( ,LIB]T>IAN ,SOCIALISM 9 ,SPA91  
:I* N[ F9DS EXPRESSION 9 ! ,C4,N4,T4 & ,F4,A4,I41 ?AT S9CE ! DAYS  
( ! ,FIR/ ,9T]NATIONAL IT HAS TRA9$ ! WORK]S 9 ?AT SPIRIT  
:I* TREASURES FRE$OM ABOVE ALL ELSE & REG>DS ! 9TELLECTUAL  
9DEP5D5CE ( ITS ADH]5TS AS ! BASIS ( ITS EXI/5CE4 ,!  
LIB]T>IAN LABOR MOVEM5T 9 ,SPA9 HAS NEV] LO/ ITSELF 9 !  
LABYR9? ( AN ECONOMIC METAPHYSICS :I* CRIPPL$ ITS 9TELLECTUAL  
BUOYANCY BY FATALI/IC CONCEPTIONS1 AS WAS ! CASE 9 ,G]MANY2 NOR HAS  
IT UNPR(ITABLY WA/$ ITS 5]GY 9 ! B>R5 R\T9E TASKS (  
B\RGEOIS P>LIAM5TS4 ,SOCIALISM WAS = IT A CONC]N ( ! PEOPLE1 AN  
ORGANIC GR[? PROCE$+ FROM ! ACTIVITY ( ! MASSES !MSELVES &  
HAV+ ITS BASIS 9 !IR ECONOMIC ORGANIZATIONS4 

,!RE=E ! ,C4,N4,T4 IS NOT SIMPLY AN ALLIANCE ( 9DU/RIAL  
WORK]S LIKE ! TRADE UNIONS 9 EV]Y O!R C\NTRY4 ,IT EMBRACES )9  
ITS RANKS ALSO ! SYNDICATES ( ! PEASANT & FIELD-WORK]S AS WELL  
AS ?OSE ( ! BRA9 WORK]S & ! 9TELLECTUALS4 ,IF ! ,SPANI%  
PEASANTS >E N[ FI<T+ %\LD] TO %\LD] ) CITY WORK]S AGA9/  
,FASCISM1 IT IS ! RESULT ( ! GREAT WORK ( ,SOCIALI/ $UCATION :I*  
HAS BE5 P]=M$ BY ! ,C4,N4,T4 & ITS =]UNN]S4 ,SOCIALI/S ( ALL  
S*OOLS1 G5U9E LIB]ALS & B\RGEOIS ANTI-FASCI/S :O HAVE HAD AN  
OPPORTUNITY TO OBS]VE ON ! SPOT HAVE ?US F> PASS$ ONLY ONE  
JUDGM5T ON ! CREATIVE CAPACITY ( ! ,C4,N4,T4 & HAVE ACCORD$ TO  
ITS CON/RUCTIVE LABORS ! HI<E/ ADMIRATION4 ,NOT ONE ( !M C\LD  
HELP EXTOLL+ ! NATURAL 9TELLIG5CE1 ! ?\<TFULNESS &  
PRUD5CE1 & ABOVE ALL ! UNEXAMPL$ TOL]ANCE ) :I* ! WORK]S  
& PEASANTS ( ! ,C4,N4,T4 HAVE GONE AB\T !IR DIFFICULT TASK4 #a 
,WORK]S1 PEASANTS1 TE*NICIANS & M5 ( SCI5CE HAD COME TOGE!R =  
COOP]ATIVE WORK1 & 9 ?REE MON?S GAVE AN 5TIRELY NEW *>ACT] TO  
! :OLE ECONOMIC LIFE ( ,CATALONIA4 

,9 ,CATALONIA TODAY ?REE-F\R?S ( ! L& IS COLLECTIVIZ$ &  
COOP]ATIVELY CULTIVAT$ BY ! WORK]S' SYNDICATES4 ,9 ?IS EA*  
COMMUNITY PRES5TS A TYPE BY ITSELF & ADJU/S ITS 9T]NAL AFFAIRS 9  
ITS [N WAY1 BUT SETTLES ITS ECONOMIC QUE/IONS ?R\< ! AG5CY (  
ITS ,F$]ATION4 ,?US !RE IS PRES]V$ ! POSSIBILITY ( FREE  
5T]PRISE1 9CIT+ NEW IDEAS & MUTUAL /IMULATION4 ,ONE-F\R? ( !  
C\NTRY IS 9 ! H&S ( SMALL PEASANT PROPRIETORS1 TO :OM HAS BE5  
LEFT ! FREE *OICE BETWE5 JO9+ ! COLLECTIVES OR CONT9U+ !IR  
FAMILY HUSB&RY4 ,9 MANY 9/ANCES !IR SMALL HOLD+S HAVE EV5 BE5  
9CREAS$ 9 PROPORTION TO ! SIZE ( !IR FAMILIES4 ,9 ,>AGON AN  
OV]:ELM+ MAJORITY ( ! PEASANTS DECL>$ = COLLECTIVE  
CULTIVATION4 ,!RE >E 9 ?AT PROV9CE OV] F\R HUNDR$ COLLECTIVE  
F>MS1 ( :I* AB\T T5 >E UND] ! CONTROL ( ! ,SOCIALI/ ,U4,G4,T41  
:ILE ALL ! RE/ >E CONDUCT$ BY SYNDICATES ( ! ,C4,N4,T4 ,AGRICULTURE  
HAS MADE SU* ADVANCES !RE ?AT 9 ! C\RSE ( A YE> =TY P] C5T  
( ! =M]LY UNTILL$ L& HAS BE5 BR\<T UND] CULTIVATION4 ,9 !  
,LEVANTE1 9 ,&ALUSIA & ,CA/ILE1 ALSO1 COLLECTIVE AGRICULTURE UND]  
! MANAGEM5T ( ! SYNDICATES IS MAK+ CON/ANTLY GREAT] ADVANCES4  
,9 NUM]\S SMALL] COMMUNITIES A ,SOCIALI/ =M ( LIFE HAS ALREADY  
BECOME NATURALIZ$1 ! 9HABITANTS NO LONG] C>RY+ ON EX*ANGE BY  
MEANS ( MONEY1 BUT SATISFY+ !IR NE$S \T ( ! PRODUCT ( !IR  
COLLECTIVE 9DU/RY & CONSCI5TI\SLY DEVOT+ ! SURPLUS TO !IR  
COMRADES FI<T+ AT ! FRONT4 

,9 MO/ ( ! RURAL COLLECTIVES 9DIVIDUAL COMP5SATION = WORK  
P]=M$ HAS BE5 RETA9$1 & ! FUR!R UPBUILD+ ( ! NEW  
SY/EM PO/PON$ UNTIL ! T]M9ATION ( ! W>1 :I* AT PRES5T  
CLAIMS ! 5TIRE /R5G? ( ! PEOPLE4 ,9 !SE ! AM\NT ( !  
WAGES IS DET]M9$ BY ! SIZE ( ! FAMILIES4 ,! ECONOMIC REPORTS 9  
! DAILY BULLET9S ( ! ,C4,N4,T4 >E EXTREMELY 9T]E/+1 ) !IR  
ACC\NTS ( ! BUILD+ UP ( ! COLLECTIVES & !IR TE*NICAL  
DEVELOPM5T ?R\< ! 9TRODUCTION ( MA*9ES & *EMICAL  
F]TILIZ]S1 :I* HAD BE5 ALMO/ UNKN[N BE=E4 ,! AGRICULTURAL  
COLLECTIVES 9 ,CA/ILE ALONE HAVE DUR+ ! PA/ YE> SP5T MORE ?AN  
TWO MILLION PASETAS = ?IS PURPOSE4 ,! GREAT TASK ( COLLECTIVIZ+  
! L& WAS MADE MU* EASI] AFT] ! RURAL F$]ATIONS ( ! ,U4,G4,T4  
JO9$ ! G5]AL MOVEM5T4 ,9 MANY COMMUNITIES ALL AFFAIRS >E  
>RANG$ BY DELEGATES ( ! ,C4,N4,T4 & ! ,U4,G4,T41 BR++ AB\T A  
RAPPRO*EM5T ( ! TWO ORGANIZATIONS :I* CULM9AT$ 9 AN ALLIANCE  
( ! WORK]S 9 ! TWO ORGANIZATIONS4 

,BUT ! WORK]S' SYNDICATES HAVE MADE !IR MO/ A/\ND+  
A*IEVEM5TS 9 ! FIELD 9 9DU/RY1 S9CE !Y TOOK 9TO !IR H&S  
! ADM9I/RATION ( 9DU/RIAL LIFE AS A :OLE4 ,9 ,CATALONIA 9 !  
C\RSE ( A YE> ! RAILROADS W]E FITT$ \T ) A COMPLETE MOD]N  
EQUIPM5T1 & 9 PUNCTUALITY ! S]VICE REA*$ A PO9T ?AT HAD BE5  
HI!RTO UNKN[N4 ,! SAME ADVANCES W]E A*IEV$ 9 ! 5TIRE  
TRANSPORT SY/EM1 9 ! TEXTILE 9DU/RY1 9 MA*9E CON/RUCTION1 9  
BUILD+1 & 9 ! SMALL 9DU/RIES4 ,BUT 9 ! W> 9DU/RIES !  
SYNDICATES HAVE P]=M$ A G5U9E MIRACLE4 ,BY ! SO-CALL$ NEUTRALITY  
PACT ! ,SPANI% ,GOV]NM5T WAS PREV5T$ FROM IMPORT+ FROM ABROAD ANY  
CONSID]ABLE AM\NT ( W> MAT]IALS4 ,BUT ,CATALONIA BE=E ! ,FASCI/  
REVOLT NOT A S+LE PLANT = ! MANUFACTURE ( >MY EQUIPM5T4 ,!  
FIR/ CONC]N1 !RE=E1 WAS TO REMAKE :OLE 9DU/RIES TO MEET ! W>  
DEM&S4 ,A H>D TASK = ! SYNDICATES1 :I* ALREADY HAD 9 !IR  
H&S FULL SETT+ UP ( A NEW SOCIAL ORD]4 ,BUT !Y P]FUM$ IT )  
AN 5]GY & A TE*NICAL EFFICI5CY ?AT CAN BE EXPLA9$ ONLY BY !  
WORK]S & !IR B\NDLESS READ9ESS TO MAKE SACRIFICES = !IR  
CAUSE4 ,M5 TOIL$ 9 ! FACTORIES TWELVE & F\RTE5 H\RS A DAY TO  
BR+ ! GREAT WORK TO COMPLETION4 ,TODAY ,CATALONIA POSSESSES #bhc HUGE  
PLANTS :I* >E OP]AT+ DAY & NI<T 9 ! PRODUCTION ( W>  
MAT]IALS1 SO ?AT ! FRONTS MAY BE KEPT SUPPLI$4 ,AT PRES5T ,CATALONIA  
IS PROVID+ = ! GREAT] P>T ( ALL W> DEM&S4 ,PR(ESSOR ,&RES  
,OLTM>ES DECL>$ 9 ! C\RSE ( AN >TICLE ?AT 9 ?IS FIELD !  
WORK]S' SYNDICATES ( ,CATALONIA 0HAD ACCOMPLI%$ 9 SEV5 WEEKS AS  
MU* AS ,FRANCE DID 9 F\RTE5 MON?S AFT] ! \TBREAK ( ! ,WORLD  
,W>40 

,BUT ?AT IS NOT ALL BY A GREAT DEAL4 ,! UNHAPPY W> BR\<T 9TO  
,CATALONIA AN OV]:ELM+ FLOOD ( FUGITIVES FROM ALL ! W>-SWEPT  
DI/RICTS 9 ,SPA92 !IR NUMB] HAS TODAY GR[N TO A MILLION4 ,OV]  
FIFTY P] C5T ( ! SICK & W\ND$ 9 ! HOSPITALS ( ,CATALONIA >E  
NOT ,CATALONIANS4 ,ONE UND]/&S1 !RE=E1 ) :AT A TASK !  
WORK]S' SYNDICATES W]E CONFRONT$ 9 ! MEET+ ( ALL !SE DEM&S4  
,( ! RE-ORGANIZATION ( ! :OLE $UCATIONAL SY/EM BY ! TEA*]S'  
GR\PS 9 ! ,C4,N4,T41 ! ASSOCIATIONS = ! PROTECTION ( WORKS (  
>T1 & A HUNDR$ O!R MATT]S WE CANNOT EV5 MAKE M5TION H]E4 

,DUR+ ?IS SAME TIME ! ,C4,N4,T4 WAS MA9TA9+ #a#b1 ( ITS  
MILITIA1 :O W]E FI<T+ ON ALL FRONTS4 ,NO O!R ORGANIZATION HAS ?US  
F> MADE SU* SACRIFICES ( LIFE & LIMB AS ! ,C4,N4,T4-,F4,A4,I4 ,9 ITS  
H]OIC /& AGA9/ ,FASCISM IT HAS LO/ A LOT ( ITS MO/ DI/+UI%$  
FI<T]S1 AMONG !M ,FRANCISCO ,ASCO & ,BU5AV5TURA ,DURUTTI1 :OSE EPIC  
GREATNESS MADE HIM ! H]O ( ! ,SPANI% PEOPLE4 

,UND] !SE CIRCUM/ANCES IT IS1 P]HAPS1 UND]/&ABLE ?AT !  
SYNDICATES HAVE NOT ?US F> BE5 ABLE TO BR+ TO COMPLETION !IR  
GREAT TASK ( SOCIAL RECON/RUCTION1 & = ! TIME BE+ W]E UNABLE  
TO GIVE !IR FULL ATT5TION TO ! ORGANIZATION ( CONSUMPTION4 ,!  
W>1 ! POSSESSION BY ! ,FASCI/ >MIES ( IMPORTANT S\RCES ( RAW  
MAT]IALS1 ! ,G]MAN & ,ITALIAN 9VASION1 ! HO/ILE ATTITUDE (  
=EIGN CAPITAL1 ! ONSLAU<TS ( ! C\NT]-REVOLUTION 9 ! C\NTRY  
ITSELF1 :I*1 SIGNIFICANTLY1 WAS BEFRI5D$ ?IS TIME BY ,RUSSIA & !  
,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY ( ,SPA9--ALL ?IS & MANY O!R ?+S HAVE COMPELL$  
! SYNDICATES TO PO/PONE MANY GREAT & IMPORTANT TASKS UNTIL ! W>  
IS BR\<T TO A VICTORI\S CONCLUSION4 ,BUT BY TAK+ ! L& & !  
9DU/RIAL PLANTS UND] !IR [N MANAGEM5T !Y HAVE TAK5 ! FIR/  
& MO/ IMPORTANT /EP ON ! ROAD TO ,SOCIALISM4 ,ABOVE ALL1 !Y HAVE  
PROV$ ?AT ! WORK]S1 EV5 )\T ! CAPITALI/1 >E ABLE TO C>RY  
ON PRODUCTION & TO DO IT BETT] ?AN A LOT ( PR(IT-HUNGRY  
5TREPR5EURS4 ,:ATEV] ! \TCOME ( ! BLOODY W> 9 ,SPA9 MAY BE1  
TO HAVE GIV5 ?IS GREAT DEMON/RATION REMA9S ! 9DISPUTABLE S]VICE  
( ! ,SPANI% ,AN>*O-,SYNDICALI/S1 :OSE H]OIC EXAMPLE HAS OP5$ =  
! ,SOCIALI/ MOVEM5T NEW \TLOOKS = ! FUTURE4 

,IF ! ,AN>*O-,SYNDICALI/S >E /RIV+ TO IMPLANT 9 ! WORK+  
CLASSES 9 EV]Y C\NTRY AN UND]/&+ ( ?IS NEW =M (  
CON/RUCTIVE ,SOCIALISM1 & TO %[ !M ?AT !Y MU/1 TODAY1 GIVE TO  
!IR ECONOMIC FI<T+ ORGANIZATIONS ! =MS TO 5ABLE !M DUR+ A  
G5]AL ECONOMIC CRISIS TO C>RY ?R\< ! WORK ( ,SOCIALI/  
UPBUILD+1 ?IS DOES NOT MEAN ?AT !SE =MS MU/ EV]Y:]E BE CUT  
TO ! SAME PATT]N4 ,9 EV]Y C\NTRY !RE >E SPECIAL CONDITIONS :I*  
>E 9TIMATELY 9T]GR[N ) ITS HI/ORICAL DEVELOPM5T1 ITS  
TRADITIONS1 & ITS PECULI> PSY*OLOGICAL ASSUMPTIONS4 ,! GREAT  
SUP]IORITY ( ,F$]ALISM IS1 9DE$1 JU/ ?AT IT TAKES !SE IMPORTANT  
MATT]S 9TO ACC\NT & DOES NOT 9SI/ ON A UNI=MITY ?AT DOES  
VIOL5CE TO FREE ?\<T1 & =CES ON M5 FROM )\T ?+S CONTR>Y  
TO !IR 9N] 9CL9ATIONS4 

,KROPOTK9 ONCE SAID ?AT1 TAK+ ,5GL& AS AN EXAMPLE1 !RE  
EXI/$ ?REE GREAT MOVEM5TS :I*1 AT ! TIME ( A REVOLUTION>Y  
CRISIS W\LD 5ABLE ! WORK]S TO C>RY ?R\< A COMPLETE OV]TURN (  
SOCIAL ECONOMY3 TRADES UNIONISM1 ! COOP]ATIVE ORGANIZATIONS1 & !  
MOVEM5T = MUNICIPAL ,SOCIALISM2 PROVID$ ?AT !Y HAD A FIX$ GOAL 9  
VIEW & WORK$ TOGE!R ACCORD+ TO A DEF9ITE PLAN4 ,! WORK]S MU/  
LE>N ?AT1 NOT ONLY MU/ !IR SOCIAL LIB]ATION BE !IR [N WORK1 BUT  
?AT LIB]ATION WAS POSSIBLE ONLY IF !Y !MSELVES ATT5D$ TO !  
CON/RUCTIVE PRELIM9>IES 9/EAD ( LEAV+ ! TASK TO !  
POLITICIANS1 :O W]E 9 NO WAY FITT$ = IT4 ,& ABOVE ALL !Y MU/  
UND]/& ?AT H[EV] DIFF]5T ! IMM$IATE PRELIM9>IES = !IR  
LIB]ATION MI<T BE 9 DIFF]5T C\NTRIES1 ! EFFECT ( CAPITALI/  
EXPLOITATION >E EV]Y:]E ! SAME & !Y MU/1 !RE=E1 GIVE TO  
!IR EF=TS ! NECESS>Y 9T]NATIONAL *>ACT]4 

,ABOVE ALL !Y MU/ NOT TIE UP !SE EF=TS ) ! 9T]E/S (  
! NATIONAL /ATES1 AS HAS1 UN=TUNATELY1 HAPP5$ 9 MO/ C\NTRIES  
HI!RTO4 ,! WORLD ( ORGANIZ$ LABOR MU/ PURSUE ITS [N 5DS1 AS IT  
HAS ITS [N 9T]E/S TO DEF5D1 & !SE >E NOT ID5TICAL ) !  
/ATE OR ?OSE ( ! POSSESS+ CLASSES4 ,A COLLABORATION ( WORK]S &  
EMPLOYES SU* AS WAS ADVOCAT$ BY ! ,SOCIALI/ ,P>TY & ! TRADE  
UNIONS 9 ,G]MANY AFT] ! ,WORLD ,W> CAN ONLY RESULT 9 ! WORK]S  
BE+ CONDEMN$ TO ! ROLE ( ! POOR ,LAZ>US1 :O MU/ BE CONT5T TO  
EAT ! CRUMBS ?AT FALL FROM ! RI* MAN'S TABLE4 ,COLLABORATION IS  
POSSIBLE ONLY :]E ! 5DS &1 MO/ IMPORTANTLY ( ALL1 ! 9T]E/S  
>E ! SAME4 

,NO D\BT SOME SMALL COM=TS MAY SOMETIMES FALL TO ! %>E (  
! WORK]S :5 ! B\RGEOISIE ( !IR C\NTRY ATTA9 SOME ADVANTAGE  
OV] ?AT ( ANO!R C\NTRY2 BUT ?IS ALWAYS HAPP5S AT ! CO/ (  
!IR [N FRE$OM & ! ECONOMIC OPPRESSION ( O!R PEOPLES4 ,!  
WORK] 9 ,5GL&1 ,FRANCE1 ,HOLL&1 & SO ON1 P>TICIPATES TO SOME  
EXT5T 9 ! PR(ITS :I*1 )\T EF=TS ON !IR P>T1 FALL 9TO  
! LAPS ( ! B\RGEOISIE ( HIS C\NTRY FROM ! UNRE/RA9$  
EXPLOITATION ( COLONIAL PEOPLES2 BUT SOON] OR LAT] !RE COMES !  
TIME :5 !SE PEOPLE1 TOO1 WAKE UP1 & HE HAS TO PAY ALL ! MORE  
DE>LY = ! SMALL ADVANTAGES HE HAS 5JOY$4 ,EV5TS 9 ,ASIA WILL %[  
?IS /ILL MORE CLE>LY 9 ! NE> FUTURE4 ,SMALL GA9S >IS+ =  
9CREAS$ OPPORTUNITY ( EMPLOYM5T & HI<] WAGES MAY ACCRUE TO !  
WORK] 9 A SUCCESSFUL /ATE FROM ! C>V+ \T ( NEW M>KETS AT !  
CO/ ( O!RS2 BUT AT ! SAME TIME !IR BRO!RS ON ! O!R SIDE (  
! BORD] HAVE TO PAY = !M BY UNEMPLOYM5T & ! L[]+ (  
!IR /&>D ( LIV+4 ,! RESULT IS AN EV] WID5+ RIFT 9 !  
9T]NATIONAL LABOR MOVEM5T1 :I* NOT EV5 ! LOVELIE/ RESOLUTIONS  
BY 9T]NATIONAL CONGRESSES CAN PUT \T ( EXI/5CE4 ,BY ?IS RIFT !  
LIB]ATION ( ! WORK]S FROM ! YOKE ( WAGE-SLAV]Y IS PU%$  
FUR!R & FUR!R 9TO ! DI/ANCE4 ,AS LONG AS ! WORK] TIES UP HIS  
9T]E/S ) ?OSE ( ! B\RGEOISIE ( HIS C\NTRY 9/EAD ( )  
?OSE ( HIS CLASS1 HE MU/ LOGICALLY ALSO TAKE 9 HIS /RIDE ALL !  
RESULTS ( ?AT RELATION%IP4 ,HE MU/ /& READY TO FI<T ! W>S (  
! POSSESS+ CLASSES = ! RET5TION & EXT5SION ( !IR M>KETS1  
& TO DEF5D ANY 9JU/ICE !Y MAY P]PETRATE ON O!R PEOPLES4 ,!  
,SOCIALI/ PRESS ( ,G]MANY WAS M]ELY BE+ CONSI/5T :51 AT ! TIME  
( ! ,WORLD ,W>1 !Y URG$ ! ANNEXATION ( =EIGN T]RITORY4 ,?IS  
WAS M]ELY ! 9EVITABLE RESULT ( ! 9TELLECTUAL ATTITUDE & !  
ME?ODS :I* ! POLITICAL LABOR P>TIES HAD PURSU$ = A LONG TIME  
BE=E ! W>4 ,ONLY :5 ! WORK]S 9 EV]Y C\NTRY %ALL COME TO  
UND]/& CLE>LY ?AT !IR 9T]E/S >E EV]Y:]E ! SAME1 & \T  
( ?IS UND]/&+ LE>N TO ACT TOGE!R1 WILL ! EFFECTIVE BASIS BE  
LAID = ! 9T]NATIONAL LIB]ATION ( ! WORK+ CLASS4 

,EV]Y TIME HAS ITS P>TICUL> PROBLEMS & ITS [N PECULI>  
ME?ODS ( SOLV+ !SE PROBLEMS4 ,! PROBLEM ?AT IS SET = \R TIME  
IS ?AT ( FREE+ MAN FROM ! CURSE ( ECONOMIC EXPLOITATION &  
POLITICAL & SOCIAL 5SLAVEM5T4 ,! ]A ( POLITICAL REVOLUTION IS  
OV]1 & :]E SU* /ILL OCCUR !Y DO NOT ALT] 9 ! LEA/ !  
BASES ( ! CAPITALI/ SOCIAL ORD]4 ,ON ! ONE H& IT BECOMES  
CON/ANTLY CLE>] ?AT B\RGEOIS DEMOCRACY IS SO DEG5]ATE ?AT IT IS  
NO LONG] CAPABLE ( (F]+ EFFECTIVE RESI/ANCE TO ! ?REAT (  
,FASCISM4 ,ON ! O!R H& POLITICAL ,SOCIALISM HAS LO/ ITSELF SO  
COMPLETELY ON ! DRY *ANNELS ( B\RGEOIS POLITICS ?AT IT NO LONG]  
HAS ANY SYMPA?Y ) ! G5U9ELY ,SOCIALI/IC $UCATION ( ! MASSES  
& NEV] RISES ABOVE ! ADVOCACY ( PETTY RE=MS4 ,BUT ! DEVELOPM5T  
( CAPITALISM & ! MOD]N BIG /ATE HAVE BR\<T US TODAY TO A  
SITUATION :]E WE >E DRIV+ ON UND] FULL SAIL T[>D A UNIV]SAL  
CATA/ROPHE4 ,! LA/ ,WORLD ,W> & ITS ECONOMIC & SOCIAL  
CONSEQU5CES1 :I* >E TODAY WORK+ MORE & MORE DISA/R\SLY1 &  
:I* HAVE GR[N 9TO A DEF9ITE DANG] TO ! V]Y EXI/5CE ( ALL  
HUMAN CULTURE1 >E S9I/] SIGNS ( ! TIMES :I* NO MAN ( 9SI<T  
CAN MIS9T]PRET4 ,IT !RE=E CONC]NS US TODAY TO RECON/RUCT !  
ECONOMIC LIFE ( ! PEOPLES FROM ! GR\ND UP & BUILD IT UP ANEW 9  
! SPIRIT ( ,SOCIALISM4 ,BUT ONLY ! PRODUC]S !MSELVES >E FITT$  
= ?IS TASK1 S9CE !Y >E ! ONLY VALUE-CREAT+ ELEM5T 9 SOCIETY  
\T ( :I* A NEW FUTURE CAN >ISE4 ,!IRS MU/ BE ! TASK ( FREE+  
LABOR FROM ALL ! FETT]S :I* ECONOMIC EXPLOITATION HAS FA/5$ ON  
IT1 ( FREE+ SOCIETY FROM ALL ! 9/ITUTIONS & PROC$URES (  
POLITICAL P[]1 & ( OP5+ ! WAY TO AN ALLIANCE ( FREE GR\PS (  
M5 & WOM5 BAS$ ON COOP]ATIVE LABOR & A PLANN$ ADM9I/RATION  
( ?+S 9 ! 9T]E/S ( ! COMMUNITY4 ,TO PREP>E ! TOIL+  
MASSES 9 CITY & C\NTRY = ?IS GREAT GOAL & TO B9D !M TOGE!R  
AS A MILITANT =CE IS ! OBJECTIVE ( MOD]N ,AN>*O-,SYNDICALISM1 &  
9 ?IS ITS :OLE PURPOSE IS EXHAU/$4 

,NOTES 

#a ,H]E >E JU/ A FEW OP9IONS ( =EIGN J\RNALI/S :O HAVE NO  
P]SONAL CONNECTION ) ! ,AN>*I/ MOVEM5T4 ,?US1 ,&REA ,OLTM>ES1  
PR(ESSOR 9 ! ,UNIV]SITY ( ,G5EVA1 9 ! C\RSE ( AN ADDRESS (  
SOME L5G?1 SAID30,9 ! MID/ ( ! CIVIL W> ! ,AN>*I/S HAVE PROV$  
!MSELVES TO BE POLITICAL ORGANIZ]S ( ! FIR/ RANK4 ,!Y K9DL$ 9  
EV]YONE ! REQUIR$ S5SE ( RESPONSIBILITY1 & KNEW H[1 BY ELOQU5T  
APPEALS1 TO KEEP ALIVE ! SPIRIT ( SACRIFICE = ! G5]AL WELF>E  
( ! PEOPLE4 
 0,AS A ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRAT ,I SPEAK H]E ) 9N] JOY & S9C]E  
ADMIRATION ( MY EXP]I5CES 9 ,CATALONIA4 ,! ANTI-CAPITALI/  
TRANS=MATION TOOK PLACE H]E )\T !IR HAV+ TO RESORT TO A  
DICTATOR%IP4 ,! MEMB]S ( ! SYNDICATES >E !IR [N MA/]S &  
C>RY ON ! PRODUCTION & ! DI/RIBUTION ( ! PRODUCTS ( LABOR  
UND] !IR [N MANAGEM5T1 ) ! ADVICE ( TE*NICAL EXP]TS 9 :OM  
!Y HAVE CONFID5CE4 ,! 5?USIASM ( ! WORK]S IS SO GREAT ?AT  
!Y SCORN ANY P]SONAL ADVANTAGE & >E CONC]N$ ONLY = ! WELF>E  
( ALL40 

,! WELL-KN[N ANTI-,FASCI/1 ,C>LO ,ROSELLI1 :O BE=E ,MUSSOL9I'S  
ACCESSION TO P[] WAS ,PR(ESSOR ( ,ECONOMICS 9 ! ,UNIV]SITY (  
,G5OA1 PUT HIS JUDGM5T 9TO ! FOLL[+ WORDS30,9 ?REE MON?S ,CATALONIA HAS BE5 ABLE TO SET UP A NEW SOCIAL  
ORD] ON ! RU9S ( AN ANCI5T SY/EM4 ,?IS IS *IEFLY DUE TO !  
,AN>*I/S1 :O HAVE REVEAL$ A QUITE REM>KABLE S5SE ( PROPORTION1  
REALI/IC UND]/&+1 & ORGANIZ+ ABILITY444ALL ! REVOLUTION>Y  
=CES ( ,CATALONIA HAVE UNIT$ 9 A PROGRAM ( ,SYNDICALI/-,SOCIALI/  
*>ACT]3 SOCIALIZATION ( L>GE 9DU/RY2 RECOGNITION ( ! SMALL  
PROPRIETOR1 WORK]S' CONTROL444,AN>*O-,SYNDICALISM1 HI!RTO SO DESPIS$1  
HAS REVEAL$ ITSELF AS A GREAT CON/RUCTIVE =CE444,I AM NOT AN ,AN>*I/1  
BUT ,I REG>D IT AS MY DUTY TO EXPRESS H]E MY OP9ION ( ! ,AN>*I/S  
( ,CATALONIA1 :O HAVE ALL TOO (T5 BE5 REPRES5T$ TO ! WORLD AS A  
DE/RUCTIVE1 IF NOT CRIM9AL1 ELEM5T4 ,I WAS ) !M AT ! FRONT1 9  
! TR5*ES1 & ,I HAVE LE>N$ TO ADMIRE !M4 ,! ,CATALONIAN  
,AN>*I/S BELONG TO ! ADVANCE GU>D ( ! COM+ REVOLUTION4 ,A NEW  
WORLD WAS BORN ) !M1 & IT IS A JOY TO S]VE ?AT WORLD40 

,& ,F5N] ,BROCKWAY1 ,SECRET>Y ( ! ,I4,L4,P4 9 ,5GL& :O  
TRAVEL$ TO ,SPA9 AFT] ! ,MAY EV5TS 9 ,CATALONIA 7#a#i#c#g71 EXPRESS$  
HIS IMPRESSIONS 9 ! FOLL[+ WORDS30,I WAS IMPRESS$ BY ! /R5G? ( ! ,C4,N4,T4 ,IT WAS UNNECESS>Y  
TO TELL ME ?AT IT WAS ! L>GE/ & MO/ VITAL ( ! WORK+-CLASS  
ORGANIZATIONS 9 ,SPA94 ,! L>GE 9DU/RIES W]E CLE>LY1 9 ! MA91  
9 ! H&S ( ! ,C4,N4,T4--RAILWAYS1 ROAD TRANSPORT1 %IPP+1  
5G9E]+1 TEXTILES1 ELECTRICITY1 BUILD+1 AGRICULTURE4 ,AT ,VAL5CIA  
! ,U4,G4,T4 HAD A L>G] %>E ( CONTROL ?AN AT ,B>CELONA1 BUT  
G5]ALLY SPEAK+ ! MASS ( MANUAL WORK]S BELONG$ TO ! ,C4,N4,T4 ,!  
,U4,G4,T4 MEMB]%IP WAS MORE ( ! TYPE ( ! ':ITE-COLL>' WORK]444,I  
WAS IMM5SELY IMPRESS$ BY ! CON/RUCTIVE REVOLUTION>Y WORK :I* IS  
BE+ DONE BY ! ,C4,N4,T4 ,!IR A*IEVEM5T ( WORK]S' CONTROL 9  
9DU/RY IS AN 9SPIRATION4 ,ONE C\LD TAKE ! EXAMPLE ( ! RAILWAYS  
OR 5G9E]+ OR TEXTILES444,!RE >E /ILL SOME ,BRITI%]S & ,AM]ICANS  
:O REG>D ! ,AN>*I/S ( ,SPA9 AS IMPOSSIBLE1 UNDISCIPL9$1  
UNCONTROLLABLE4 ,?IS IS POLES AWAY FROM ! TRU?4 ,! ,AN>*I/S (  
,SPA91 ?R\< ! ,C4,N4,T41 >E DO+ ONE ( ! BIGGE/ CON/RUCTIVE  
JOBS EV] DONE BY ! WORK+ CLASS4 ,AT ! FRONT !Y >E FI<T+  
,FASCISM4 ,BEH9D ! FRONT !Y >E ACTUALLY CON/RUCT+ ! NEW  
,WORK]S' ,SOCIETY4 ,!Y SEE ?AT ! W> AGA9/ ,FASCISM & ! C>RY+  
?R\< ( ! ,SOCIAL ,REVOLUTION >E 9SEP>ABLE4 ,?OSE :O HAVE SE5  
& UND]/& :AT !Y >E DO+ MU/ HONOR !M & BE GRATEFUL TO  
!M4 ,!Y >E RESI/+ ,FASCISM4 ,!Y >E AT ! SAME TIME CREAT+ !  
,NEW ,WORK]S' ,ORD] :I* IS ! ONLY ALT]NATIVE TO ,FASCISM4 ,?AT IS  
SURELY ! BIGGE/ ?+S N[ BE+ DONE BY ! WORK]S 9 ANY P>T (  
! WORLD40 ,& 9 ANO!R PLACE3 0,! GREAT SOLID>ITY ?AT EXI/$  
AMONG ! ,AN>*I/S WAS DUE TO EA* 9DIVIDUAL RELY+ ON HIS [N  
/R5G? & NOT DEP5D+ ON LEAD]%IP4 ,! ORGANIZATIONS MU/1 TO BE  
SUCCESSFUL1 BE COMB9$ ) A FREE-?9K+ PEOPLE2 NOT A MASS1 BUT  
FREE 9DIVIDUALS40 

,FROM 3 ,SPUNK4ORG4 

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