,*APT] #e 
,! ,ME?ODS ( ,AN>*O-,SYNDICALISM 

#ai*ai* 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,RUDOLPH ,ROCK] 

,TEXT 3 

#e4 ,! ,ME?ODS ( ,AN>*O-,SYNDICALISM 

,AN>*O-,SYNDICALISM & POLITICAL ACTION2 ,! ,SIGNIFICANCE ( POLITICAL RI<TS2 ,DIRECT ,ACTION V]SUS  
,P>LIAM5T>ISM2 ,! /RIKE & ITS MEAN+ = ! WORK]S2 ,! ,SYMPA!TIC ,/RIKE2 ,! ,G5]AL ,/RIKE2  
,! ,BOYCOTT2 ,SABOTAGE BY ! WORK]S2 ,SABOTAGE BY CAPITALISM2 ,! SOCIAL /RIKE AS A MEANS ( SOCIAL  
PROTECTION2 ,ANTI-MILIT>ISM4  

,IT HAS (T5 BE5 *>G$ AGA9/ ,AN>*O-,SYNDICALISM ?AT IT HAS  
NO 9T]E/ 9 ! POLITICAL /RUCTURE ( ! DIFF]5T C\NTRIES1 &  
CONSEQU5TLY NO 9T]E/ 9 ! POLITICAL /RUGGLES ( ! TIME1 &  
CONF9ES ITS ACTIVITIES TO ! FI<T = PURELY ECONOMIC DEM&S4 ,?IS  
IDEA IS ALTOGE!R ]RONE\S & SPR+S EI!R FROM \TRI<T IGNORANCE  
OR WILLFUL DI/ORTION ( ! FACTS4 ,IT IS NOT ! POLITICAL /RUGGLE AS  
SU* :I* DI/+UI%ES ! ,AN>*O-,SYNDICALI/S FROM ! MOD]N LABOR  
P>TIES1 BO? 9 PR9CIPLE & 9 TACTICS1 BUT ! =M ( ?IS /RUGGLE  
& ! AIMS :I* IT HAS 9 VIEW4 ,!Y BY NO MEANS RE/ CONT5T )  
! IDEAL ( A FUTURE SOCIETY )\T LORD%IP2 !IR EF=TS >E ALSO  
DIRECT$1 EV5 TODAY1 AT RE/RICT+ ! ACTIVITIES ( ! /ATE &  
BLOCK+ ITS 9FLU5CE 9 EV]Y DEP>TM5T ( SOCIAL LIFE :]EV] !Y  
SEE AN OPPORTUNITY4 ,IT IS !SE TACTICS :I* M>K (F ,AN>*O- 
,SYNDICALI/ PROC$URE FROM ! AIMS & ME?ODS ( ! POLITICAL LABOR  
P>TIES1 ALL ( :OSE ACTIVITIES T5D CON/ANTLY TO BROAD5 ! SPH]E  
( 9FLU5CE ( ! POLITICAL P[] ( ! /ATE & TO EXT5D IT 9  
EV] 9CREAS+ MEASURE OV] ! ECONOMIC LIFE ( SOCIETY4 ,BUT BY ?IS1  
9 ! \TCOME1 ! WAY IS M]ELY PREP>$ = AN ]A ( /ATE  
CAPITALISM1 :I* ACCORD+ TO ALL EXP]I5CE MAY BE JU/ ! OPPOSITE  
( :AT ,SOCIALISM IS ACTUALLY FI<T+ =4 

,! ATTITUDE ( ,AN>*O-,SYNDICALISM T[>D ! POLITICAL P[] (  
! PRES5T-DAY /ATE IS EXACTLY ! SAME AS IT TAKES T[>D ! SY/EM  
( CAPITALI/ EXPLOITATION4 ,ITS ADH]5TS >E P]FECTLY CLE> ?AT !  
SOCIAL 9JU/ICES ( ?AT SY/EM RE/1 NOT ON ITS UNAVOIDABLE  
EXCRESC5CES1 BUT 9 ! CAPITALI/IC ECONOMIC ORD] AS SU*4 ,BUT1 :ILE  
!IR EF=TS >E DIRECT$ AT ABOLI%+ ! EXI/+ =M ( CAPITALI/  
EXPLOITATION & REPLAC+ IT BY A ,SOCIALI/ ORD]1 !Y NEV] = A  
MOM5T =GET TO WORK ALSO BY EV]Y MEANS AT !IR COMM& TO L[] !  
RATE ( PR(IT ( ! CAPITALI/S UND] EXI/+ CONDITIONS1 & TO  
RAISE ! PRODUC]'S %>E ( ! PRODUCTS ( HIS LABOR TO ! HI<E/  
POSSIBLE4 

,AN>*O-,SYNDICALI/S PURSUE ! SAME TACTICS 9 !IR FI<T  
AGA9/ ?AT POLITICAL P[] :I* F9DS ITS EXPRESSION 9 ! /ATE4  
,!Y RECOGNIZE ?AT ! MOD]N /ATE IS JU/ ! CONSEQU5CE (  
CAPITALI/ ECONOMIC MONOPOLY1 & ! CLASS DIVISIONS :I* ?IS HAS SET  
UP 9 SOCIETY1 & M]ELY S]VES ! PURPOSE ( MA9TA9+ ?IS /ATUS  
BY EV]Y OPPRESSIVE 9/RUM5T ( POLITICAL P[]4 ,BUT1 :ILE !Y >E  
CONV9C$ ?AT ALONG ) ! SY/EM ( EXPLOITATION ITS POLITICAL  
PROTECTIVE DEVICE1 ! /ATE1 WILL ALSO DISAPPE>1 TO GIVE PLACE TO !  
ADM9I/RATION ( PUBLIC AFFAIRS ON ! BASIS ( FREE AGREEM5T1 !Y DO  
NOT ALL OV]LOOK ?AT ! EF=TS ( ! WORK] )9 ! EXI/+  
POLITICAL ORD] MU/ ALWAYS BE DIRECT$ T[>D DEF5D+ ALL A*IEV$  
POLITICAL & SOCIAL RI<TS AGA9/ EV]Y ATTACK ( REACTION1 CON/ANTLY  
WID5+ ! SCOPE ( !SE RI<TS :]EV] ! OPPORTUNITY = ?IS  
PRES5TS ITSELF4 

,= JU/ AS ! WORK] CANNOT BE 9DIFF]5T TO ! ECONOMIC  
CONDITIONS ( HIS LIFE 9 EXI/+ SOCIETY1 SO HE CANNOT REMA9  
9DIFF]5T TO ! POLITICAL /RUCTURE ( HIS C\NTRY4 ,BO? 9 !  
/RUGGLE = HIS DAILY BREAD & = EV]Y K9D ( PROPAG&A LOOK+  
T[>D HIS SOCIAL LIB]ATION HE NE$S POLITICAL RI<TS & LIB]TIES1  
& HE MU/ FI<T = !SE HIMSELF 9 EV]Y SITUATION :]E !Y >E  
D5I$ HIM1 & MU/ DEF5D !M ) ALL HIS /R5G? :5EV] !  
ATTEMPT IS MADE TO WRE/ !M FROM HIM4 ,IT IS1 !RE=E1 UTT]LY ABSURD  
TO ASS]T ?AT ! ,AN>*O-,SYNDICALI/S TAKE NO 9T]E/ 9 !  
POLITICAL /RUGGLES ( ! TIME4 ,! H]OIC BATTLE ( ! ,C4,N4,T4 9  
,SPA9 AGA9/ ,FASCISM IS1 P]HAPS1 ! BE/ PRO( ?AT !RE IS NOT A  
GRA9 ( TRU? 9 ?IS IDLE TALK4 

,BUT ! PO9T ( ATTACK 9 ! POLITICAL /RUGGLE LIES1 NOT 9 !  
LEGISLATIVE BODIES1 BUT 9 ! PEOPLE4 ,POLITICAL RI<TS DO NOT ORIG9ATE  
9 P>LIAM5TS2 !Y >E1 RA!R1 =C$ ON P>LIAM5TS FROM )\T4  
,& EV5 !IR 5ACTM5T 9TO LAW HAS = A LONG TIME BE5 NO GU>ANTEE  
( !IR SECURITY4 ,JU/ AS ! EMPLOY]S ALWAYS TRY TO NULLIFY EV]Y  
CONCESSION !Y HAD MADE TO LABOR AS SOON AS OPPORTUNITY (F]$1 AS  
SOON AS ANY SIGNS ( WEAKNESS W]E OBS]VABLE 9 ! WORK]S'  
ORGANIZATIONS1 SO GOV]NM5TS ALSO >E ALWAYS 9CL9$ TO RE/RICT OR TO  
ABROGATE COMPLETELY RI<TS & FRE$OMS ?AT HAVE BE5 A*IEV$ IF !Y  
IMAG9E ?AT ! PEOPLE WILL PUT UP NO RESI/ANCE4 ,EV5 9 !SE  
C\NTRIES :]E SU* ?+S AS FRE$OM ( ! PRESS1 RI<T ( ASSEMBLY1  
RI<T ( COMB9ATION & ! LIKE HAVE LONG EXI/$1 GOV]NM5TS >E  
CON/ANTLY TRY+ TO RE/RICT !SE RI<TS OR TO RE9T]PRET !M BY  
JURIDICAL HAIRSPLITT+4 ,POLITICAL RI<TS DO NOT EXI/ BECAUSE !Y  
HAVE BE5 LEGALLY SET D[N ON A PIECE ( PAP]1 BUT ONLY :5 !Y HAVE  
BECOME ! +R[N HABIT ( A PEOPLE1 & :5 ANY ATTEMPT TO IMPAIR  
!M WILL MEET ) ! VIOL5T RESI/ANCE ( ! POPULACE4 ,:]E ?IS  
IS NOT ! CASE1 !RE IS NO HELP 9 ANY P>LIAM5T>Y ,OPPOSITION OR ANY  
,PLATONIC APPEALS TO ! CON/ITUTION4 ,ONE COMPELS RESPECT FROM O!RS  
:5 HE KN[S H[ TO DEF5D HIS DIGNITY AS A HUMAN BE+4 ,?IS IS NOT  
ONLY TRUE 9 PRIVATE LIFE1 IT HAS ALWAYS BE5 ! SAME 9 POLITICAL LIFE  
AS WELL4 

,! PEOPLES [E ALL ! POLITICAL RI<TS & PRIVILEGES :I* WE  
5JOY TODAY 9 GREAT] OR LESS] MEASURE1 NOT TO ! GOOD WILL ( !IR  
GOV]NM5TS1 BUT TO !IR [N /R5G?4 ,GOV]NM5TS HAVE EMPLOY$ EV]Y  
MEANS ?AT LAY 9 !IR P[] TO PREV5T ! ATTA9M5T ( !SE RI<TS  
OR TO R5D] !M ILLUSORY4 ,GREAT MASS MOVEM5TS AMONG ! PEOPLE &  
:OLE REVOLUTIONS HAVE BE5 NECESS>Y TO WRE/ !SE RI<TS FROM !  
RUL+ CLASSES1 :O W\LD NEV] HAVE CONS5T$ TO !M VOLUNT>ILY4 ,ONE  
NE$ ONLY /UDY ! HI/ORY ( ! PA/ ?REE HUNDR$ YE>S TO  
UND]/& BY :AT REL5TLESS /RUGGLES EV]Y RI<T HAS TO BE WRE/$  
9* BY 9* FROM ! DESPOTS4 ,:AT H>D /RUGGLES1 = EXAMPLE1 HAD !  
WORK]S 9 ,5GL&1 ,FRANCE1 ,SPA91 & O!R C\NTRIES TO 5DURE TO  
COMPEL !IR GOV]NM5TS TO RECOGNIZE ! RI<T ( TRADE UNION  
ORGANIZATION4 ,9 ,FRANCE ! PROHIBITION AGA9/ TRADE UNIONS P]SI/$  
UNTIL #a#h#h#f4 ,HAD IT NOT BE5 = ! 9CESSANT /RUGGLES ( ! WORK]S1  
!RE W\LD BE NO RI<T ( COMB9ATION 9 ! ,FR5* ,REPUBLIC EV5  
TODAY4 ,ONLY AFT] ! WORK]S HAD BY DIRECT ACTION CONFRONT$ P>LIAM5T  
) ACCOMPLI%$ FACTS1 DID ! GOV]NM5T SEE ITSELF OBLIG$ TO TAKE  
! NEW SITUATION 9TO ACC\NT & GIVE LEGAL SANCTION TO ! TRADE  
UNIONS4,:AT IS IMPORTANT IS NOT ?AT GOV]NM5TS HAVE DECID$ TO CONC$E  
C]TA9 RI<TS TO ! PEOPLE1 BUT ! REASON :Y !Y HAVE HAD TO DO  
?IS4 ,TO HIM :O FAILS TO UND]/& ! CONNECTION H]E HI/ORY WILL  
ALWAYS REMA9 A BOOK ) SEV5 SEALS4 

,( C\RSE1 IF ONE ACCEPTS ,L59'S PHRASE & ?9KS ( FRE$OM AS  
M]ELY A 0B\RGEOIS PREJUDICE10 !N1 TO BE SURE1 POLITICAL RI<TS &  
LIB]TIES HAVE NO VALUE AT ALL = ! WORK]S4 ,BUT !N ALL !  
C\NTLESS /RUGGLES ( ! PA/1 ALL ! REVOLTS & REVOLUTIONS TO  
:I* WE [E !SE RI<TS1 >E ALSO )\T VALUE4 ,TO PROCLAIM ?IS BIT  
( WISDOM IT W\LD H>DLY HAVE BE5 NECESS>Y TO OV]?R[ CZ>ISM1 =  
EV5 ! C5SOR%IP ( ,NI*OLAS ,I,I W\LD C]TA9LY HAVE HAD NO OBJECTION  
TO ! DESIGNATION ( FRE$OM AS A 0B\RGEOIS PREJUDICE40 ,MOREOV]1 !  
GREAT !ORI/S ( REACTION1 ,JOSEPH DE ,MAI/RE & ,L\IS ,BONALD1 HAS  
ALREADY DONE ?IS1 ?\< 9 DIFF]5T WORDS1 & ! DEF5D]S (  
ABSOLUTISM HAD BE5 V]Y GRATEFUL TO !M4 

,BUT ! ,AN>*O-,SYNDICALI/S W\LD BE ! EV]Y LA/ TO MI/AKE  
! IMPORTANCE ( !SE RI<TS TO ! WORK]S4 ,IF !Y1 NEV]!LESS1  
REJECT ANY P>TICIPATION 9 ! WORK ( B\RGEOIS P>LIAM5TS1 IT IS NOT  
BECAUSE !Y HAVE NO SYMPA?Y ) POLITICAL /RUGGLES 9 G5]AL1 BUT  
BECAUSE !Y >E FIRMLY CONV9C$ ?AT P>LIAM5T>Y ACTIVITY IS = !  
WORK]S ! V]Y WEAKE/ & ! MO/ HOPELESS =M ( ! POLITICAL  
/RUGGLE4 ,= ! B\RGEOIS CLASSES ! P>LIAM5T>Y SY/EM IS )\T  
A D\BT AN APPROPRIATE 9/RUM5T = ! SETTLEM5T ( SU* CONFLICTS  
AS >ISE1 & = MAK+ PR(ITABLE COLLABORATION POSSIBLE1 AS !Y >E  
ALL EQUALLY 9T]E/$ 9 MA9TA9+ ! EXI/+ ECONOMIC ORD] &  
! POLITICAL ORGANIZATION = ! PROTECTION ( ?AT ORD]4 ,N[1 :]E  
A COMMON 9T]E/ EXI/S1 A MUTUAL AGREEM5T IS POSSIBLE & S]VICEABLE  
TO ALL P>TIES4 ,BUT = ! WORK+ CLASS ! SITUATION IS V]Y  
DIFF]5T4 ,= !M ! EXI/+ ECONOMIC ORD] IS ! S\RCE ( !IR  
ECONOMIC EXPLOITATION1 & ! ORGANIZ$ P[] ( ! /ATE !  
9/RUM5T ( !IR POLITICAL & SOCIAL SUBJECTION4 ,EV5 ! FREE/  
BALLOT CANNOT DO AWAY ) ! GL>+ CONTRA/ BETWE5 ! POSSESS+  
& NON-POSSESS+ CLASSES 9 SOCIETY4 ,IT CAN ONLY S]VE TO IMP>T TO A  
SY/EM ( SOCIAL 9JU/ICE ! /AMP ( LEGAL RI<T & TO 9DUCE !  
SLAVE TO SET ! /AMP ( LEGALITY ON HIS [N S]VITUDE4 

,BUT1 MO/ IMPORTANT ( ALL1 PRACTICAL EXP]I5CE HAS %[N ?AT  
! P>TICIPATION ( ! WORK]S 9 P>LIAM5T>Y ACTIVITY CRIPPLES  
!IR P[] ( RESI/ANCE & DOOMS TO FUTILITY !IR W>F>E AGA9/  
! EXI/+ SY/EM4 ,P>LIAM5T>Y P>TICIPATION HAS NOT BR\<T !  
WORK]S ONE IOTA NE>] TO !IR F9AL GOAL2 IT HAS EV5 PREV5T$ !M  
FROM PROTECT+ ! RI<TS !Y HAVE WON AGA9/ ! ATTACKS ( !  
REACTION4 ,9 ,PRUSSIA1 = EXAMPLE1 ! L>GE/ /ATE 9 ,G]MANY1 :]E  
! ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRATS UNTIL %ORTLY BE=E ,HITL]'S ACCESSION TO P[]  
W]E ! /RONGE/ P>TY 9 ! GOV]NM5T & HAD CONTROL ( ! MO/  
IMPORTANT M9I/RIES 9 ! C\NTRY1 ,H]R VON ,PAP51 AFT] HIS  
APPO9TM5T AS ,REI*SKANZL] BY ,H9D5BURG1 C\LD V5TURE TO VIOLATE !  
CON/ITUTION ( ! L& & DISSOLVE ! ,PRUSSIAN M9I/RY ) ONLY A  
LIEUT5ANT & A DOZ5 SOLDI]S4 ,:5 ! ,SOCIALI/ ,P>TY 9 ITS  
HELPLESSNESS C\LD ?9K ( NO?+ TO DO AFT] ?IS OP5 BREA* ( !  
CON/ITUTION EXCEPT TO APPEAL TO ! HI< C\RT ( ! ,REI* 9/EAD (  
MEET+ ! P]PETRATORS ( ! C\P D'ETAT ) OP5 RESI/ANCE1 !  
REACTION KNEW !Y HAD NO?+ MORE TO FE> & FROM !N ON C\LD (F]  
! WORK]S :AT !Y PLEAS$4 ,! FACT IS ?AT VON ,PAP5'S C\P D'ETAT  
WAS M]ELY ! />T ALONG ! ROAD TO ! ,?IRD ,REI*4 

,AN>*O-,SYNDICALI/S1 !N1 >E NOT 9 ANY WAY OPPOS$ TO !  
POLITICAL /RUGGLE1 BUT 9 !IR OP9ION ?IS /RUGGLE1 TOO1 MU/ TAKE  
! =M ( DIRECT ACTION1 9 :I* ! 9/RUM5TS ( ECONOMIC P[]  
:I* ! WORK+ CLASS HAS AT ITS COMM& >E ! MO/ EFFECTIVE4 ,!  
MO/ TRIVIAL WAGE FI<T %[S CLE>LY ?AT1 :5EV] ! EMPLOY]S F9D  
!MSELVES 9 DIFFICULTIES1 ! /ATE /EPS 9 ) ! POLICE1 & EV5  
9 SOME CASES ) ! MILITIA1 TO PROTECT ! ?REAT5$ 9T]E/S (  
! POSSESS+ CLASSES4 ,IT W\LD1 !RE=E1 BE ABSURD = !M TO  
OV]LOOK ! IMPORTANCE ( ! POLITICAL /RUGGLE4 ,EV]Y EV5T ?AT  
AFFECTS ! LIFE ( ! COMMUNITY IS ( A POLITICAL NATURE4 ,9 ?IS  
S5SE1 EV]Y IMPORTANT ECONOMIC ACTION1 SU*1 = EXAMPLE1 AS A G5]AL  
/RIKE1 IS ALSO A POLITICAL ACTION &1 MOREOV]1 ONE ( 9COMP>ABLY  
GREAT] IMPORTANCE ?AN ANY P>LIAM5T>Y PROCE$+4 ,( A POLITICAL  
NATURE IS LIKEWISE ! BATTLE ( ! ,AN>*O-,SYNDICALI/S AGA9/  
,FASCISM & ! ANTI-MILIT>I/ PROPAG&A1 A BATTLE :I* = DECADES  
WAS C>RI$ ON SOLELY BY ! LIB]T>IAN ,SOCIALI/S & !  
,SYNDICALI/S1 & :I* WAS ATT5D$ BY TREM5D\S SACRIFICES4 

,! FACT IS ?AT1 :5 ! ,SOCIALI/ LABOR P>TIES HAVE WANT$ TO  
A*IEVE SOME DECISIVE POLITICAL RE=M1 !Y HAVE ALWAYS F\ND ?AT !Y  
C\LD NOT DO SO BY !IR [N /R5G? & HAVE BE5 OBLIG$ TO RELY  
:OLLY ON ! ECONOMIC FI<T+ P[] ( ! WORK+ CLASS4 ,!  
POLITICAL G5]AL /RIKES 9 ,BELGIUM1 ,SW$5 & ,AU/RIA = !  
ATTA9M5T ( UNIV]SAL SUFFRAGE >E PRO( ( ?IS4 ,& 9 ,RUSSIA IT WAS  
! GREAT G5]AL /RIKE ( ! WORK+ PEOPLE ?AT 9 #aie PRESS$ !  
P5 9TO ! CZ>'S H& = ! SIGN+ ( ! CON/ITUTION4 ,:AT !  
H]OIC /RUGGLE ( ! ,RUSSIAN 9TELLIG5TSIA HAD NOT BE5 ABLE TO  
ACCOMPLI% 9 DECADES1 ! UNIT$ ECONOMIC ACTION ( ! WORK+ CLASSES  
QUICKLY BR\<T TO FULFILLM5T4 

,! FOCAL PO9T ( ! POLITICAL /RUGGLE LIES1 !N1 NOT 9 !  
POLITICAL P>TIES1 BUT 9 ! ECONOMIC FI<T+ ORGANIZATIONS ( !  
WORK]S4 ,IT AS ! RECOGNITION ( ?IS :I* IMPELL$ ! ,AN>*O- 
,SYNDICALI/S TO C5T] ALL !IR ACTIVITY ON ! ,SOCIALI/ $UCATION (  
! MASSES & ON ! UTILIZATION ( !IR ECONOMIC & SOCIAL P[]4  
,!IR ME?OD IS ?AT ( DIRECT ACTION 9 BO? ! ECONOMIC & !  
POLITICAL /RUGGLES ( ! TIME4 ,?AT IS ! ONLY ME?OD :I* HAS BE5  
ABLE TO A*IEVE ANY?+ AT ALL 9 EV]Y DECISIVE MOM5T 9 HI/ORY4 ,&  
! B\RGEOISIE 9 ITS /RUGGLES AGA9/ ABSOLUTISM HAS ALSO MADE  
ABUNDANT USE ( ?IS ME?OD1 & BY REFUSAL TO PAY TAXES1 BY BOYCOTT &  
REVOLUTION1 HAS DEFIANTLY ASS]T$ ITS POSITION AS ! DOM9ANT CLASS 9  
SOCIETY4 ,SO MU* ! WORSE IF ITS REPRES5TATIVES ( TODAY HAVE  
=GOTT5 ! /ORY ( !IR FA!RS1 & H[L BLOODY MURD] AT !  
0UNLAWFUL ME?ODS0 ( ! WORK]S FI<T+ = LIB]ATION4 ,AS IF ! LAW  
HAD EV] P]MITT$ A SUBJECT CLASS TO %AKE (F ITS YOKE4 

,BY DIRECT ACTION ! ,AN>*O-,SYNDICALI/S MEAN EV]Y ME?OD (  
IMM$IATE W>F>E BY ! WORK]S AGA9/ !IR ECONOMIC & POLITICAL  
OPPRESSORS4 ,AMONG !SE ! \T/&+ >E3 ! /RIKE1 9 ALL ITS  
GRADATIONS FROM ! SIMPLE WAGE-/RUGGLE TO ! G5]AL /RIKE2 !  
BOYCOTT2 SABOTAGE 9 ITS C\NTLESS =MS2 ANTI-MILIT>I/ PROPAG&A2  
& 9 P>TICUL>LY CRITICAL CASES1 SU*1 = EXAMPLE1 AS ?AT 9 ,SPA9  
TODAY1 >M$ RESI/ANCE ( ! PEOPLE = ! PROTECTION ( LIFE &  
LIB]TY4 

,AMONG !SE FI<T+ TE*NIQUES ! /RIKE1 ?AT IS1 ORGANIZ$  
REFUSAL TO WORK1 IS ! MO/ US$4 ,IT PLAYS 9 ! 9DU/RIAL AGE !  
SAME ROLE = ! WORK]S AS DID !IR FREQU5T UPRIS+S = !  
PEASANTS 9 ! FEUDAL ]A4 ,9 ITS SIMPLE/ =M IT IS = ! WORK]S  
AN 9DISP5SABLE MEANS ( RAIS+ !IR /&>D ( LIV+ OR DEF5D+  
!IR ATTA9$ ADVANTAGES AGA9/ ! CONC]T$ MEASURES ( !  
EMPLOY]S4 ,BUT ! /RIKE IS = ! WORK]S NOT ONLY A MEANS = !  
DEF5SE ( IMM$IATE ECONOMIC 9T]E/S1 IT IS ALSO A CONT9U\S  
S*OOL+ = !IR P[]S ( RESI/ANCE1 %[+ !M EV]Y DAY ?AT  
EV]Y LEA/ RI<T HAS TO BE WON BY UNCEAS+ /RUGGLE AGA9/ !  
EXI/+ SY/EM4 

,JU/ AS >E ! ECONOMIC FI<T+ ORGANIZATIONS ( ! WORK]S1 SO  
ALSO >E ! DAILY WAGE-/RUGGLES A RESULT ( ! CAPITALI/ ECONOMIC  
ORD]1 & CONSEQU5TLY1 A VITAL NECESSITY = ! WORK]S4 ,)\T  
!SE !Y W\LD BE SUBM]G$ 9 ! ABYSS ( POV]TY4 ,C]TA9LY !  
SOCIAL PROBLEM CANNOT BE SOLV$ BY WAGE-/RUGGLES ALONE1 BUT !Y >E  
! BE/ $UCATIVE EQUIPM5T = MAK+ ! WORK]S ACQUA9T$ ) !  
REAL ESS5CE ( ! SOCIAL PROBLEM1 TRA9+ !M = ! /RUGGLE =  
LIB]ATION FROM ECONOMIC & SOCIAL SLAV]Y4 ,IT MAY ALSO BE TAK5 AS  
TRUE ?AT SO LONG AS ! WORK] HAS TO SELL H&S & BRA9 TO AN  
EMPLOY]1 HE WILL 9 ! LONG RUN NEV] E>N MORE ?AN IS REQUIR$ TO  
PROVIDE ! MO/ 9DISP5SABLE NECESSITIES ( LIFE4 ,BUT !SE  
NECESSITIES ( LIFE >E NOT ALWAYS ! SAME1 BUT >E CON/ANTLY *ANG+  
) ! DEM&S :I* ! WORK] MAKES ON LIFE4 

,H]E WE COME TO ! G5]AL CULTURAL SIGNIFICANCE ( ! LABOR  
/RUGGLE4 ,! ECONOMIC ALLIANCE ( ! PRODUC]S NOT ONLY AF=D !M A  
WEAPON = ! 5=CEM5T ( BETT] LIV+ CONDITIONS1 IT BECOMES =  
!M A PRACTICAL S*OOL1 A UNIV]SITY ( EXP]I5CE1 FROM :I* !Y  
DRAW 9/RUCTION & 5LI<T5M5T 9 RI*E/ MEASURE4 ,! PRACTICAL  
EXP]I5CES & OCCURR5CES ( ! EV]YDAY /RUGGLES ( ! WORK]S  
F9D AN 9TELLECTUAL PRECIPITATE 9 !IR ORGANIZATIONS1 DEEP5 !IR  
UND]/&+1 & BROAD5 !IR 9TELLECTUAL \TLOOK4 ,BY ! CON/ANT  
9TELLECTUAL ELABORATION ( !IR LIFE EXP]I5CES !RE >E DEVELOP$  
9 9DIVIDUALS NEW NE$S & ! URGE = DIFF]5T FIELDS (  
9TELLECTUAL LIFE4 ,& PRECISELY 9 ?IS DEVELOPM5T LIES ! GREAT  
CULTURAL SIGNIFICANCE ( !SE /RUGGLES4 

,TRUE 9TELLECTUAL CULTURE & ! DEM& = HI<] 9T]E/S 9  
LIFE DOES NOT BECOME POSSIBLE UNTIL MAN HAS A*IEV$ A C]TA9 MAT]IAL  
/&>D ( LIV+1 :I* MAKES HIM CAPABLE ( !SE4 ,)\T ?IS  
PRELIM9>Y ANY HI<] 9TELLECTUAL ASPIRATIONS >E QUITE \T ( !  
QUE/ION4 ,M5 :O >E CON/ANTLY ?REAT5$ BY DIRE/ MIS]Y CAN H>DLY  
HAVE MU* UND]/&+ ( ! HI<] CULTURAL VALUES4 ,ONLY AFT] !  
WORK]S1 BY DECADES ( /RUGGLE1 HAD CONQU]$ = !MSELVES A BETT]  
/&>D ( LIV+ C\LD !RE BE ANY TALK ( 9TELLECTUAL & CULTURAL  
DEVELOPM5T AMONG !M4 ,BUT IT IS JU/ !SE ASPIRATIONS ( ! WORK]S  
:I* ! EMPLOY]S VIEW ) DEEPE/ DI/RU/4 ,= CAPITALI/S AS A  
CLASS1 ! WELL-KN[N SAY+ ( ! ,SPANI% M9I/]1 ,JUAN ,BRAVO  
,MURILLO1 /ILL HOLDS GOOD TODAY30,WE NE$ NO M5 :O CAN ?9K AMONG !  
WORK]S2 :AT WE NE$ IS BEA/S ( TOIL40 

,ONE ( ! MO/ IMPORTANT RESULTS ( ! DAILY ECONOMIC /RUGGLES  
IS ! DEVELOPM5T ( SOLID>ITY AMONG ! WORK]S1 & ?IS HAS =  
!M A QUITE DIFF]5T MEAN+ FROM ! POLITICAL COALITION ( P>TIES  
:OSE FOLL[+ IS COMPOS$ ( PEOPLE ( EV]Y SOCIAL CLASS4 ,A FEEL+  
( MUTUAL HELPFULNESS1 :OSE /R5G? IS CON/ANTLY BE+ R5EW$ 9 !  
DAILY /RUGGLE = ! NECESSITIES ( LIFE1 :I* IS CON/ANTLY MAK+  
! MO/ EXTREME DEM&S ON ! COOP]ATION ( M5 SUBJECT$ TO !  
SAME CONDITIONS1 OP]ATES V]Y DIFF]5TLY FROM AB/RACT P>TY  
PR9CIPLES1 :I* = ! MO/ P>T >E ( ONLY ,PLATONIC VALUE4 ,IT GR[S  
9TO ! VITAL CONSCI\SNESS ( A COMMUNITY ( FATE1 & ?IS GRADUALLY  
DEVELOPS 9TO A NEW S5SE ( RI<T1 & BECOMES ! PRELIM9>Y E?ICAL  
ASSUMPTION ( EV]Y EF=T AT ! LIB]ATION ( AN OPPRESS$ CLASS4 

,TO *]I% & /R5G!N ?IS NATURAL SOLID>ITY ( ! WORK]S  
& TO GIVE TO EV]Y /RIKE MOVEM5T A MORE PR(\NDLY SOCIAL *>ACT]1  
IS ONE ( ! MO/ IMPORTANT TASKS :I* ! ,AN>*O-,SYNDICALI/S HAVE  
SET !MSELVES4 ,= ?IS REASON ! SYMPA!TIC /RIKE IS ONE ( !IR  
*OICE/ WEAPONS1 & HAS DEVELOP$ 9 ,SPA9 TO A COMPASS IT HAS NOT  
ATTA9$ 9 ANY O!R C\NTRY4 ,?R\< IT ! ECONOMIC BATTLE BECOMES A  
DELIB]ATE ACTION ( ! WORK]S AS A CLASS4 ,! SYMPA!TIC /RIKE IS  
! COLLABORATION ( RELAT$1 BUT ALSO ( UNRELAT$1 CATEGORIES (  
LABOR1 TO HELP ! BATTLE ( A P>TICUL> TRADE TO VICTORY BY EXT5D+  
! /RIKE TO O!R BRAN*ES ( LABOR1 :]E ?IS IS NECESS>Y4 ,9 ?IS  
CASE ! WORK]S >E NOT SATISFI$ ) GIV+ FI<T+ ASSI/ANCE TO  
!IR /RIK+ BRE?R51 BUT GO FUR!R1 & BY CRIPPL+ 5TIRE  
9DU/RIES CAUSE A BREAK 9 ! :OLE ECONOMIC LIFE 9 ORD] TO MAKE  
!IR DEM&S EFFECTIVE4 

,TODAY1 :5 BY ! =MATION ( NATIONAL & 9T]NATIONAL C>TELS  
& TRU/S PRIVATE CAPITALISM GR[S MORE & MORE 9TO MONOPOLY  
CAPITALISM1 ?IS =M ( W>F>E IS 9 MO/ CASES ! ONLY ONE BY :I*  
! WORK]S CAN /ILL PROMISE !MSELVES SUCCESS4 ,BECAUSE ( !  
9T]NAL TRANS=MATION 9 9DU/RIAL CAPITALISM ! SYMPA!TIC /RIKE  
BECOMES = ! WORK]S ! IMP]ATIVE ( ! H\R4 ,JU/ AS !  
EMPLOY]S 9 !IR C>TELS & PROTECTIVE ORGANIZATIONS >E BUILD+ AN  
EV] BROAD] BASIS = ! DEF5SE ( !IR 9T]E/S1 SO ALSO !  
WORK]S MU/ TURN !IR ATT5TION TO CREAT+ = !MSELVES BY AN EV]  
WID] ALLIANCE ( !IR NATIONAL & 9T]NATIONAL ECONOMIC  
ORGANIZATIONS ! REQUIR$ BASIS = SOLID>IC MASS ACTION ADEQUATE =  
! DEM&S ( ! TIME4 ,! RE/RICT$ /RIKE IS TODAY LOS+ MORE &  
MORE ( ITS ORIG9AL IMPORTANCE1 EV5 IF IT IS NOT DOOM$ TO DISAPPE>  
ALTOGE!R4 ,9 ! MOD]N ECONOMIC /RUGGLE BETWE5 CAPITAL & LABOR  
! BIG /RIKE1 9VOLV+ 5TIRE 9DU/RIES1 WILL PLAY A L>G] &  
L>G] P>T4 ,EV5 ! WORK]S 9 ! OLD CRAFT ORGANIZATIONS1 :I* >E  
AS YET UNT\*$ BY ,SOCIALI/ IDEAS1 HAVE GRASP$ ?AT1 AS IS %[N  
CLE>LY 5\< BY ! RAPID SPR++ UP ( 9DU/RIAL UNIONS 9 ,AM]ICA  
9 CONTRA/ ) ! OLD ME?ODS ( ! ,A4,F4( ,L4 

,DIRECT ACTION BY ORGANIZ$ LABOR F9DS ITS /RONGE/ EXPRESSION  
9 ! G5]AL /RIKE1 9 ! /OPPAGE ( WORK 9 EV]Y BRAN* (  
PRODUCTION BY ! ORGANIZ$ RESI/ANCE ( ! PROLET>IAT1 ) ALL !  
CONSEQU5CES >IS+ FROM IT4 ,IT IS ! MO/ P[]FUL WEAPON :I* !  
WORK]S HAVE AT !IR COMM&1 & GIVES ! MO/ COMPREH5SIVE  
EXPRESSION TO !IR /R5G? AS A SOCIAL FACTOR4 ,AFT] ! ,FR5* TRADE  
UNION CONGRESS 9 ,M>SEILLES 7#a#h#i#b71 & ! LAT] CONGRESSES ( !  
,C4,G4,T4 7,G5]AL ,F$]ATION ( ,LABOR7 HAD BY A L>GE MAJORITY DECL>$  
= ! PROPAG&A ( ! G5]AL /RIKE1 IT WAS ! POLITICAL LABOR  
P>TIES 9 ,G]MANY & MO/ O!R C\NTRIES :I* ASSAIL$ MO/  
VIOL5TLY ?IS =M ( PROLET>IAN ACTION1 & REJECT$ IT AS 0,UTOPIAN40  
0,! G5]AL /RIKE IS G5]AL MADNESS0 WAS ! TR5*ANT PHRASE :I*  
WAS CO9$ AT ?AT TIME BY ONE ( ! MO/ PROM95T LEAD]S ( !  
,G]MAN ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRACY4 ,BUT ! GREAT /RIKE MOVEM5T ( ! YE>S  
IMM$IATELY FOLL[+1 9 ,SPA91 ,BELGIUM1 ,ITALY1 ,HOLL&1 ,RUSSIA1 & SO  
ON1 %[$ CLE>LY ?AT ?IS ALLEG$ 0,UTOPIA0 LAY :OLLY )9 !  
REALM ( ! POSSIBLE & DID NOT >ISE FROM ! IMAG9ATION ( A FEW  
REVOLUTION>Y FANATICS4 

,! G5]AL /RIKE IS1 ( C\RSE1 NOT AN AG5CY ?AT CAN BE  
9VOK$ >BITR>ILY ON EV]Y OCCASION4 ,IT NE$S C]TA9 SOCIAL  
ASSUMPTIONS TO GIVE IT ITS PROP] MORAL /R5G? & MAKE IT A  
PROCLAMATION ( ! WILL ( ! BROAD MASSES ( ! PEOPLE4 ,!  
RIDICUL\S CLAIM1 :I* IS SO (T5 ATTRIBUT$ TO ! ,AN>*O- 
,SYNDICALI/S1 ?AT IT IS ONLY NECESS>Y TO PROCLAIM A G5]AL /RIKE 9  
ORD] TO A*IEVE A ,SOCIALI/ SOCIETY 9 A FEW DAYS1 IS1 ( C\RSE1 JU/  
A SILLY 9V5TION ( EVIL-M9D$ OPPON5TS B5T ON DISCR$IT+ AN IDEA  
:I* !Y CANNOT ATTACK BY ANY O!R MEANS4 

,! G5]AL /RIKE CAN S]VE V>I\S PURPOSES4 ,IT CAN BE ! LA/  
/AGE ( A SYMPA!TIC /RIKE1 AS = EXAMPLE1 ! G5]AL /RIKE 9  
,B>CELONA 9 ,FEBRU>Y1 #a#i#b1 OR ?AT 9 ,BILBAO 9 ,OCTOB]1 #a#i#c1 :I*  
5ABL$ ! M9E WORK]S TO GET RID ( ! HAT$ TRUCK SY/EM &  
COMPELL$ ! EMPLOY]S TO E/ABLI% SANIT>Y CONDITIONS ON ! M9ES4  
,IT CAN AS EASILY BE A MEANS BY :I* ORGANIZ$ LABOR TRIES TO 5=CE  
SOME G5]AL DEM&1 AS1 = EXAMPLE1 9 ! ATTEMPT$ G5]AL /RIKE 9  
! ,U4,S4,A4 9 #a#h#h#f1 TO COMPEL ! GRANT+ ( ! EI<T-H\R DAY 9 ALL  
9DU/RIES4 ,! GREAT G5]AL /RIKE ( ! ,5GLI% WORK]S 9 #aibf WAS  
! RESULT ( A PLANN$ ATTEMPT BY ! EMPLOY]S TO L[] ! G5]AL  
/&>D ( LIV+ ( ! WORK]S BY A CUT 9 WAGES4 

,BUT ! G5]AL /RIKE CAN ALSO HAVE POLITICAL OBJECTIVES 9 VIEW1  
AS1 = EXAMPLE1 ! FI<T ( ! ,SPANI% WORK]S 9 #a#i#d1 = !  
LIB]ATION ( POLITICAL PRISON]S1 OR ! G5]AL /RIKE 9 ,CATALONIA 9  
,JULY1 #a#i#i1 TO COMPEL ! GOV]NM5T TO T]M9ATE ! W> 9 ,MOROCCO4  
,& ! G5]AL /RIKE ( ! ,G]MAN WORK]S 9 #a#i#b1 :I* WAS  
9/ITUT$ AFT] ! SO-CALL$ ,KAPP PUTS* & PUT AN 5D TO A  
GOV]NM5T ?AT HAD ATTA9$ TO P[] BY A MILIT>Y UPRIS+1 BELONGS TO  
?IS CATEGORY2 AS DO ALSO ! MASS /RIKES 9 ,BELGIUM 9 #a#i#c1 & 9  
,SW$5 9 #a#i#i1 TO COMPEL ! GRANT+ ( UNIV]SAL SUFFRAGE1 & !  
G5]AL /RIKE ( ! ,RUSSIAN WORK]S 9 #a#i#e1 = ! GRANT+ ( !  
CON/ITUTION4 ,BUT 9 ,SPA9 ! WIDESPREAD /RIKE MOVEM5T AMONG !  
WORK]S & PEASANTS AFT] ! ,FASCI/ REVOLT 9 ,JULY1 #a#i#c#f1 DEVELOP$  
9TO A 0SOCIAL G5]AL /RIKE0 7HUELGA G5]AL7 & L$ TO >M$  
RESI/ANCE1 & ) ?IS TO ! ABOLI%M5T ( ! CAPITALI/ ECONOMIC  
ORD] & ! REORGANIZATION ( ! ECONOMIC LIFE BY ! WORK]S  
!MSELVES4 

,! GREAT IMPORTANCE ( ! G5]AL /RIKE LIES 9 ?IS3 AT ONE  
BL[ IT BR+S ! :OLE ECONOMIC SY/EM TO A /&/ILL & %AKES IT  
TO ITS F\NDATIONS4 ,MOREOV]1 SU* AN ACTION IS 9 NO WISE DEP5D5T ON  
! PRACTICAL PREP>$NESS ( ALL ! WORK]S1 AS ALL ! CITIZ5S ( A  
C\NTRY HAVE NEV] P>TICIPAT$ 9 A SOCIAL OV]TURN4 ,?AT ! ORGANIZ$  
WORK]S 9 ! MO/ IMPORTANT 9DU/RIES QUIT WORK IS 5\< TO CRIPPLE  
! 5TIRE ECONOMIC ME*ANISM1 :I* CANNOT FUNCTION )\T ! DAILY  
PROVISION ( COAL1 ELECTRIC P[]1 & RAW MAT]IALS ( EV]Y SORT4 ,BUT  
:5 ! RUL+ CLASSES >E CONFRONT$ ) AN 5]GETIC1 ORGANIZ$  
WORK+ CLASS1 S*OOL$ 9 DAILY CONFLICT1 & >E AW>E ( :AT !Y  
HAVE AT /AKE1 !Y BECOME MU* MORE WILL+ TO MAKE ! NECESS>Y  
CONCESSIONS1 &1 ABOVE ALL1 !Y FE> TO TAKE A C\RSE ) ! WORK]S  
:I* MI<T DRIVE !M TO EXTREMES4 ,EV5 ,JEAN ,JAURES :O1 AS A ,SOCIALI/  
P>LIAM5T>IAN1 WAS NOT 9 AGREEM5T ) ! IDEA ( ! G5]AL  
/RIKE1 HAD TO CONC$E ?AT ! CON/ANT DANG] >IS+ FROM !  
POSSIBILITY ( SU* A MOVEM5T ADMONI%$ ! POSSESS+ CLASSES TO  
CAUTION1 &1 ABOVE EV]Y?+1 MADE !M %R9K FROM ! SUPPRESSION (  
H>D-WON RI<TS1 S9CE !Y SAW ?AT ?IS C\LD EASILY LEAD TO  
CATA/ROPHE4 

,BUT AT ! TIME ( A UNIV]SAL SOCIAL CRISIS1 OR :51 AS TODAY 9  
,SPA91 ! CONC]N IS TO PROTECT AN 5TIRE PEOPLE AGA9/ ! ATTACKS (  
B5I<T$ REACTION>IES1 ! G5]AL /RIKE IS AN 9VALUABLE WEAPON1 =  
:I* !RE IS NO SUB/ITUTE4 ,BY CRIPPL+ ! :OLE PUBLIC LIFE IT  
MAKES DIFFICULT MUTUAL AGREEM5TS ( ! REPRES5TATIVES ( ! RUL+  
CLASSES & ! LOCAL (FICIALS ) ! C5TRAL GOV]NM5T1 EV5 :5  
IT DOES NOT 5TIRELY PREV5T !M4 ,EV5 ! USE ( ! >MY IS1 9 SU*  
CASES1 DIRECT$ AT V]Y DIFF]5T TASKS FROM ?OSE ( POLITICAL REVOLT4  
,9 ! LATT] CASE IT SUFFICES = ! GOV]NM5T1 SO LONG AS IT CAN  
RELY ON ! MILIT>Y1 TO CONC5TRATE ITS TROOPS 9 ! CAPITAL & !  
MO/ IMPORTANT PO9TS 9 ! C\NTRY1 9 ORD] TO MEET ! DANG] ?AT  
?REAT5S4 

,A G5]AL /RIKE1 H[EV]1 LEADS 9EVITABLY TO A SCATT]+ ( !  
MILIT>Y =CES1 AS 9 SU* A SITUATION ! IMPORTANT CONC]N IS !  
PROTECTION ( ALL IMPORTANT C5T]S ( 9DU/RY & ! TRANSPORT SY/EM  
AGA9/ ! REBELLI\S WORK]S4 ,BUT ?IS MEANS ?AT MILIT>Y DISCIPL9E1  
:I* IS ALWAYS /RONGE/ :5 SOLDI]S OP]ATE 9 FIX$ =MATIONS1 IS  
RELAX$4 ,:]E ! MILIT>Y 9 SMALL GR\PS FACES A DET]M9$ PEOPLE  
FI<T+ = ITS FRE$OM1 !RE ALWAYS EXI/S ! POSSIBILITY ?AT AT  
LEA/ A P>T ( ! SOLDI]S WILL REA* SOME 9N] 9SI<T &  
COMPREH5D ?AT1 AFT] ALL1 IT IS !IR [N P>5TS & BRO!RS AT :OM  
!Y >E PO9T+ !IR WEAPONS4 ,= MILIT>ISM1 ALSO1 IS PRIM>ILY A  
PSY*OLOGIC PROBLEM1 & ITS DISA/R\S 9FLU5CE ALWAYS MANIFE/S  
ITSELF :]E ! 9DIVIDUAL IS GIV5 NO *ANCE TO ?9K AB\T HIS  
DIGNITY AS A HUMAN BE+1 NO *ANCE TO SEE ?AT !RE >E HI<] TASKS  
9 LIFE ?AN L5D+ ONESELF TO ! USES ( A BLOODY OPPRESSOR ( ONE'S  
[N PEOPLE4 

,= ! WORK]S ! G5]AL /RIKE TAKES ! PLACE ( !  
B>RICADES ( ! POLITICAL UPRIS+4 ,IT IS = !M A LOGICAL \TCOME  
( ! 9DU/RIAL SY/EM :OSE VICTIMS !Y >E TODAY1 & AT ! SAME  
TIME IT (F]S !M !IR /RONGE/ WEAPON 9 !IR /RUGGLE =  
LIB]ATION1 PROVID$ !Y RECOGNIZE !IR [N /R5G? & LE>N H[ TO  
USE ?IS WEAPON PROP]LY4 ,WILLIAM ,MORRIS1 ) ! PROPHETIC VISION (  
! POET1 =ESAW ?IS DEVELOPM5T 9 AFFAIR1 :51 9 HIS SPL5DID BOOK  
,NEWS FROM ,NO:]E1 HE HAS ! ,SOCIALI/ RECON/RUCTION ( SOCIETY  
PREC$$ BY A LONG S]IES ( G5]AL /RIKES ( EV] 9CREAS+  
VIOL5CE1 :I* %OOK ! OLD SY/EM TO ITS DEEPE/ F\NDATIONS1 UNTIL  
AT LA/ ITS SUPPORT]S W]E NO LONG] ABLE TO PUT UP ANY RESI/ANCE  
AGA9/ ?IS NEW 5LI<T5M5T ( ! TOIL+ MASSES 9 T[N &  
C\NTRY4 

,! :OLE DEVELOPM5T ( MOD]N CAPITALISM1 :I* IS TODAY GR[+  
9TO AN EV] GRAV] DANG] TO SOCIETY1 CAN BUT S]VE TO SPREAD ?IS  
5LI<T5M5T MORE WIDELY AMONG ! WORK]S4 ,! FRUITLESSNESS ( !  
P>TICIPATION ( ! ORGANIZ$ WORK]S 9 P>LIAM5TS1 :I* IS TODAY  
BECOM+ MORE & MORE MANIFE/ 9 EV]Y C\NTRY1 ( ITSELF COMPELS !M  
TO LOOK AB\T = NEW ME?ODS = ! EFFECTIVE DEF5SE ( !IR  
9T]E/S & !IR EV5TUAL LIB]ATION FROM ! YOKE ( WAGE SLAV]Y4 

,ANO!R IMPORTANT FI<T+ DEVICE = DIRECT ACTION IS !  
BOYCOTT4 ,IT CAN BE EMPLOY$ BY ! WORK]S BO? 9 !IR *>ACT] (  
PRODUC]S & ( CONSUM]S4 ,A SY/EMATIC REFUSAL ( CONSUM]S TO BUY  
FROM FIRMS ?AT H&LE GOODS NOT PRODUC$ UND] CONDITIONS APPROV$ BY  
! LABOR UNIONS CAN (T5 BE ( DECISIVE IMPORTANCE1 ESPECIALLY =  
?OSE BRAN*ES ( LABOR 5GAG$ 9 ! PRODUCTION ( COMMODITIES (  
G5]AL USE4 ,AT ! SAME TIME ! BOYCOTT IS V]Y WELL ADAPT$ TO  
9FLU5C+ PUBLIC OP9ION 9 FAVOR ( ! WORK]S1 PROVID$ IT IS  
ACCOMPANI$ BY SUITABLE PROPAG&A4 ,! UNION LABEL IS A EFFECTIVE MEANS  
( FACILITAT+ ! BOYCOTT1 AT IT GIVES ! PUR*AS] ! SIGN BY :I*  
TO DI/+UI% ! GOODS HE WANTS FROM ! SPURI\S4 ,EV5 ! MA/]S (  
! ,?IRD ,REI* EXP]I5C$ :AT A WEAPON ! BOYCOTT CAN BECOME 9 !  
H&S ( ! GREAT MASSES ( PEOPLE1 :5 !Y HAD TO CONFESS ?AT !  
9T]NATIONAL BOYCOTT AGA9/ ,G]MAN GOODS HAD 9FLICT$ S]I\S DAMAGE  
ON ,G]MAN EXPORT TRADE4 ,& ?IS 9FLU5CE MI<T HAVE BE5 GREAT]  
/ILL1 IF ! TRADE UNIONS HAD KEPT PUBLIC OP9ION AL]T BY 9CESSANT  
PROPAG&A1 & HAD CONT9U$ TO FO/] ! PROTE/ AGA9/ !  
SUPPRESSION ( ! ,G]MAN LABOR MOVEM5T4 

,AS PRODUC]S ! BOYCOTT PROVIDES ! WORK]S ) ! MEANS (  
IMPOS+ AN EMB>GO ON 9DIVIDUAL PLANTS :OSE MANAG]S %[ !MSELVES  
ESPECIALLY HO/ILE TO TRADE UNIONS4 ,9 ,B>CELONA1 ,VAL5CIA & ,CADIZ !  
REFUSAL ( ! LONG%OREM5 TO UNLOAD ,G]MAN VESSELS COMPELL$ !  
CAPTA9S ( !SE VESSELS TO DIS*>GE !IR C>GOES 9 ,NOR? ,AFRICAN  
H>BORS4 ,IF ! TRADE UNIONS 9 ! O!R C\NTRIES HAD RESOLV$ ON !  
SAME PROC$URE1 !Y W\LD HAVE A*IEV$ 9COMP>ABLY GREAT] RESULTS  
?AN BY ,PLATONIC PROTE/S4 ,9 ANY CASE ! BOYCOTT IS ONE ( ! MO/  
EFFECTIVE FI<T+ DEVICES 9 ! H&S ( ! WORK+ CLASS1 & !  
MORE PR(\NDLY AW>E ( ?IS DEVICE ! WORK]S BECOME1 ! MORE  
COMPREH5SIVE & SUCCESSFUL WILL !Y BECOME 9 !IR EV]YDAY  
/RUGGLES4 

,AMONG ! WEAPONS 9 ! ,AN>*O-,SYNDICALI/ >MORY IS ! ONE  
MO/ FE>$ BY ! EMPLOY] & MO/ H>%LY CONDEMN$ AS 0UNLAWFUL40 ,9  
REALTY WE >E DEAL+ H]E ) A ME?OD ( ECONOMIC PETTY W>F>E ?AT  
IS AS OLD AS ! SY/EM ( EXPLOITATION & POLITICAL OPPRESSION ITSELF4  
,IT IS1 9 SOME CIRCUM/ANCES1 SIMPLY =C$ UPON ! WORK]S1 :5 EV]Y  
O!R DEVICE FAILS4 ,SABOTAGE CONSI/S 9 ! WORK]S PUTT+ EV]Y  
POSSIBLE OB/ACLE 9 ! WAY ( ! ORD9>Y MODES ( WORK4 ,= ! MO/  
P>T ?IS OCCURS :5 ! EMPLOY]S TRY TO AVAIL !MSELVES ( A BAD  
ECONOMIC SITUATION OR SOME O!R FAVORABLE OCCASION TO L[] ! NORMAL  
CONDITIONS ( LABOR BY CURTAILM5T ( WAGES OR BY L5G!N+ ( !  
H\RS ( LABOR4 ,! T]M ITSELF IS D]IV$ FROM ! ,FR5* WORD1 SABOT1  
WOOD5 %OE1 & MEANS TO WORK CLUMSILY AS IF BY SABOT BL[S4 ,! :OLE  
IMPORT ( SABOTAGE IS EXHAU/$ 9 ! MOTTO3 = BAD WAGES1 BAD WORK4  
,! EMPLOY] HIMSELF ACTS ON ! SAME PR9CIPLE1 :5 HE CALCULATES !  
PRICE ( HIS GOODS ACCORD+ TO !IR QUALITY4 ,! PRODUC] F9DS  
HIMSELF 9 ! SAME POSITION3 HIS GOODS >E HIS LABOR-P[]1 & IT IS  
ONLY GOOD & PROP] ?AT HE %\LD TRY TO DISPOSE ( IT ON ! BE/  
T]MS HE CAN GET4 

,BUT :5 ! EMPLOY] TAKES ADVANTAGE ( ! EVIL POSITION ( !  
PRODUC] TO =CE ! PRICE ( HIS LABOR-P[] AS L[ AS POSSIBLE1 HE  
NE$ NOT WOND] :5 ! LATT] DEF5DS HIMSELF AS BE/ HE CAN & =  
?IS PURPOSE MAKES USE ( ! MEANS :I* ! CIRCUM/ANCES PUT 9 HIS  
H&S4 ,! ,5GLI% WORK]S W]E ALREADY DO+ ?IS LONG BE=E  
REVOLUTION>Y ,SYNDICALISM WAS SPOK5 ( ON ! CONT95T4 ,9 FACT !  
POLICY ( 0CA' CANNY0 7GO SL[71 :I*1 ALONG ) ! PHRASE ITSELF1  
! ,5GLI% WORK]S TOOK OV] FROM !IR ,SCOTTI% BRE?R51 WAS !  
FIR/ & MO/ EFFECTIVE =M ( SABOTAGE4 ,!RE >E TODAY 9 EV]Y  
9DU/RY A HUNDR$ MEANS BY :I* ! WORK]S CAN S]I\SLY DI/URB  
PRODUCTION2 EV]Y:]E UND] ! MOD]N SY/EM ( DIVISION ( LABOR1  
:]E (T5 ! SLI<TE/ DI/URBANCE 9 ONE BRAN* ( ! WORK CAN  
BR+ TO A /&/ILL ! 5TIRE PROCESS ( PRODUCTION4 ,?US ! RAILWAY  
WORK]S 9 ,FRANCE & ,ITALY BY ! USE ( ! SO-CALL$ GREVE P]LEE  
7/R+-(-PE>LS-/RIKE7 ?REW ! :OLE SY/EM ( TRANSPORTATION 9TO  
DISORD]4 ,= ?IS !Y NE$$ TO DO NO?+ MORE ?AN TO ADH]E TO !  
/RICT LETT] ( ! EXI/+ TRANSPORT LAWS1 & ?US MADE IT  
IMPOSSIBLE = ANY TRA9 TO >RIVE AT ITS DE/9ATION ON TIME4 ,:5 !  
EMPLOY]S >E AT ONCE FAC$ ) ! FACT ?AT EV5 9 AN UNFAVORABLE  
SITUATION1 :]E ! WORK]S W\LD NOT D>E TO ?9K ( A /RIKE1 !Y  
/ILL HAVE 9 !IR H&S ! MEANS ( DEF5D+ !MSELVES1 !RE WILL  
ALSO COME TO !M ! UND]/&+ ?AT IT DOES NOT PAY TO MAKE USE (  
SOME P>TICUL> H>D SITUATION ( ! WORK]S ( =CE H>D] CONDITIONS  
( LIV+ UPON !M4 

,! SO-CALL$ SIT D[N /RIKE1 :I* WAS TRANSPLANT$ FROM ,EUROPE  
TO ,AM]ICA ) SU* SURPRIS+ RAPIDITY & CONSI/S ( ! WORK]S  
REMA9+ 9 ! PLANT DAY & NI<T )\T TURN+ A F+] 9 ORD]  
TO PREV5T ! 9/ALL+ ( /RIKE-BREAK]S1 BELONGS 9 ! REALM (  
SABOTAGE4 ,V]Y (T5 SABOTAGE WORKS ?US3 BE=E A /RIKE ! WORK]S  
PUT ! MA*9ES \T ( ORD] TO MAKE ! WORK ( POSSIBLE /RIKE- 
BREAK]S H>D]1 OR EV5 IMPOSSIBLE = A CONSID]ABLE TIME4 ,9 NO FIELD  
IS !RE AS SO MU* SCOPE = ! IMAG9ATION ( ! WORK] AS 9 ?IS4  
,BUT ! SABOTAGE ( ! WORK]S IS DIRECT$ AGA9/ ! EMPLOY]S1 NEV]  
AGA9/ ! CONSUM]S4 ,9 HIS REPORT BE=E ! ,C4,G4,T4 9 ,T\L\SE 9  
#a#h#i#g1 ,EMILE ,P\GET LAID SPECIAL /RESS ON ?IS PO9T4 ,ALL ! REPORTS 9  
! B\RGEOIS PRESS AB\T BAK]S :O HAD BAK$ GLASS 9 !IR BREAD1 OR  
F>M H&S :O HAD POISON$ MILK1 & ! LIKE1 >E MALICI\S  
9V5TIONS1 DESIGN$ SOLELY TO PREJUDICE ! PUBLIC AGA9/ ! WORK]S4 

,SABOTAG+ ! CONSUM]S IS ! AGE OLD-PRIVILEGE ( !  
EMPLOY]S4 ,! DELIB]ATE ADULT]ATION ( PROVISIONS1 ! CON/RUCTION  
( WRET*$ SLUMS & 9SANIT>Y T5EM5TS ( ! POORE/ & *EAPE/  
MAT]IAL1 ! DE/RUCTION ( GREAT QUANTITIES ( FOOD/UFFS 9 ORD] TO  
KEEP UP PRICES1 :ILE MILLIONS >E P]I%+ 9 DIRE/ MIS]Y1 !  
CON/ANT EF=TS ( ! EMPLOY]S TO =CE ! SUBSI/5CE ( !  
WORK]S D[N TO ! L[E/ PO9T POSSIBLE1 9 ORD] TO GRAB =  
!MSELVES ! HI<E/ POSSIBLE PR(ITS1 ! %AMELESS PRACTICE ( !  
>MAM5T 9DU/RIES ( SUPPLY+ =EIGN C\NTRIES ) COMPLETE  
EQUIPM5T = W>1 :I*1 GIV5 ! APPROPRIATE OCCASION1 MAY BE  
EMPLOY$ TO LAY WA/E ! C\NTRY ?AT PRODUC$ !M1 ALL !SE & MANY  
MORE >E M]ELY 9DIVIDUAL ITEMS 9 AN 9T]M9ABLE LI/ ( TYPES (  
SABOTAGE BY CAPITALI/S AGA9/ !IR [N PEOPLE4 

,ANO!R =M ( DIRECT ACTION IS ! SOCIAL /RIKE1 :I* WILL1  
)\T D\BT1 9 ! IMM$IATE FUTURE PLAY A MU* L>G] P>T4 ,IT IS  
CONC]N$ LESS ) ! IMM$IATE 9T]E/S ( ! PRODUC]S ?AN )  
! PROTECTION ( ! COMMUNITY AGA9/ ! MO/ P]NICI\S \TGR[?S  
( ! PRES5T SY/EM4 ,! SOCIAL /RIKE SEEKS TO =CE UPON !  
EMPLOY]S A RESPONSIBILITY TO ! PUBLIC4 ,PRIM>ILY IT HAS 9 VIEW !  
PROTECTION ( ! CONSUM]S1 ( :OM ! WORK]S !MSELVES CON/ITUTE  
! GREAT MAJORITY4 ,! TASK ( ! TRADE UNION HAS H]ET(ORE BE5  
RE/RICT$ ALMO/ EXCLUSIVELY TO ! PROTECTION ( ! WORK] AS  
PRODUC]4 ,AS LONG AS ! EMPLOY] WAS OBS]V+ ! H\RS ( LABOR  
AGRE$ ON & PAY+ ! E/ABLI%$ WAGE ?IS TASK WAS BE+ P]=M$4  
,9 O!R WORDS3 ! TRADE UNION IS 9T]E/$ ONLY 9 ! CONDITIONS  
UND] :I* ITS MEMB]S WORK1 NOT 9 ! K9D ( WORK !Y P]=M4  
,!ORETICALLY1 IT IS1 9DE$1 ASS]T$ ?AT ! RELATION BETWE5  
EMPLOY] & EMPLOYEE IS BAS$ UPON A CONTRACT = ! ACCOMPLI%M5T (  
A DEF9ITE PURPOSE4 ,! PURPOSE 9 ?IS CASE IS SOCIAL PRODUCTION4 ,BUT A  
CONTRACT HAS MEAN+ ONLY :5 BO? P>TIES P>TICIPATE EQUALLY 9 !  
PURPOSE4 ,9 REALITY1 H[EV]1 ! WORK] HAS TODAY NO VOICE 9  
DET]M9+ PRODUCTION1 = ?IS IS GIV5 OV] COMPLETELY TO !  
EMPLOY]4 ,! CONSEQU5CE IS ?AT ! WORK] IS DEBAS$ BY DO+ A  
?\S& ?+S :I* CON/ANTLY S]VE ONLY TO 9JURE ! :OLE  
COMMUNITY = ! ADVANTAGE ( ! EMPLOY]4 ,HE IS COMPELL$ TO MAKE USE  
( 9F]IOR & (T5 ACTUALLY 9JURI\S MAT]IALS 9 ! FABRICATION (  
HIS PRODUCTS1 TO ]ECT WRET*$ DWELL+S1 TO PUT UP SPOIL$ FOOD/UFFS1  
& TO P]PETUATE 9NUM]ABLE ACTS ?AT >E PLANN$ TO *EAT !  
CONSUM]4 

,TO 9T]F]E VIGOR\SLY H]E IS1 9 ! OP9ION ( ! ,AN>*O- 
,SYNDICALI/S1 ! GREAT TASK ( ! TRADE UNIONS ( ! FUTURE4 ,AN  
ADVANCE 9 ?IS DIRECTION W\LD AT ! SAME TIME 5HANCE ! POSITION (  
! WORK]S 9 SOCIETY1 & 9 L>GE MEASURE CONFIRM ?AT POSITION4  
,V>I\S EF=TS 9 ?IS FIELD HAVE ALREADY BE5 MADE1 AS WITNESS1 =  
EXAMPLE1 ! /RIKE ( ! BUILD+-WORK]S 9 ,B>CELONA1 :O REFUS$ TO  
USE POOR MAT]IAL & ! WRECKAGE FROM OLD BUILD+S 9 ! ]ECTION (  
WORK]S' DWELL+ 7#a#i#b71 ! /RIKES 9 V>I\S L>GE RE/AURANTS 9  
,P>IS BECAUSE ! KIT*5 WORK]S W]E UNWILL+ TO PREP>E = S]V+  
*EAP1 DECAY+ MEAT 7#a#i#f71 & A LONG LI/ ( 9/ANCES 9 REC5T  
TIMES2 ALL GO+ TO PROVE ?AT ! WORK]S' UND]/&+ ( !IR  
RESPONSIBILITY TO SOCIETY IS GR[+4 ,! RESOLUTION ( ! ,G]MAN  
>MAM5T WORK]S AT ! CONGRESS 9 ,]FURT 7#a#i#a#i7 TO MAKE NO MORE  
WEAPONS ( W> & TO COMPEL !IR EMPLOY]S TO CONV]T !IR PLANTS TO  
O!R USES1 BELONGS ALSO TO ?IS CATEGORY4 ,& IT IS A FACT ?AT ?IS  
RESOLUTION WAS MA9TA9$ = ALMO/ TWO YE>S1 UNTIL IT WAS BROK5 BY  
! ,C5TRAL ,TRADES ,UNIONS4 ,! ,AN>*O-,SYNDICALI/ WORK]S ( ,SOMM]DA  
RESI/$ ) GREAT 5]GY TO ! LA/1 :5 !IR PLACE W]E TAK5 BY  
MEMB]S ( ! 0FREE LABOR UNIONS40 

,AS \TSPOK5 OPPON5TS ( ALL NATIONALI/ AMBITIONS !  
REVOLUTION>Y ,SYNDICALI/S1 ESPECIALLY 9 ! ,LAT9 C\NTRIES1 HAVE  
ALWAYS DEVOT$ A V]Y CONSID]ABLE P>T ( !IR ACTIVITY TO ANTI- 
MILIT>I/ PROPAG&A1 SEEK+ TO HOLD ! WORK]S 9 SOLDI]S' COATS  
LOYAL TO !IR CLASS & TO PREV5T !IR TURN+ !IR WEAPONS AGA9/  
!IR BRE?R5 9 TIME ( A /RIKE4 ,?IS HAS CO/ !M GREAT SACRIFICES2  
BUT !Y HAVE NEV] CEAS$ !IR EF=TS1 BECAUSE !Y KN[ ?AT !Y  
CAN REGA9 !IR EF=TS ONLY BY 9CESSANT W>F>E AGA9/ ! DOM9ANT  
P[]S4 ,AT ! SAME TIME1 H[EV]1 ! ANTI-MILIT>I/ PROPAG&A  
CONTRIBUTES 9 L>GE MEASURE TO OPPOSE ! ?REAT ( W>S TO COME )  
! G5]AL /RIKE4 ,! ,AN>*O-,SYNDICALI/S KN[ ?AT W>S >E ONLY  
WAG$ 9 ! 9T]E/ ( ! RUL+ CLASSES2 !Y BELIEVE1 !RE=E1  
?AT ANY MEANS IS JU/IFIABLE ?AT CAN PREV5T ! ORGANIZ$ MURD] (  
PEOPLES4 ,9 ?IS FIELD ALSO ! WORK]S HAVE EV]Y MEANS 9 !IR H&S1  
IF ONLY !Y POSSESS ! DESIRE & ! MORAL /R5G? TO USE !M4 

,ABOVE ALL IT IS NECESS>Y TO CURE ! LABOR MOVEM5T ( ITS 9N]  
OSSIFICATION & RID IT ( ! EMPTY SLOGANE]+ ( ! POLITICAL  
P>TIES1 SO ?AT IT MAY =GE AHEAD 9TELLECTUALLY & DEVELOP )9  
ITSELF ! CREATIVE CONDITIONS :I* MU/ PREC$E ! REALIZATION (  
,SOCIALISM4 ,! PRACTICAL ATTA9ABILITY ( ?IS GOAL MU/ BECOME = !  
WORK]S AN 9N] C]TA9TY & MU/ RIP5 9TO AN E?ICAL NECESSITY4 ,!  
GREAT F9AL GOAL ( ,SOCIALISM MU/ EM]GE FROM ALL ! PRACTICAL DAILY  
/RUGGLES1 & MU/ GIVE !M A SOCIAL *>ACT]4 ,9 ! PETTIE/  
/RUGGLE1 BORN ( ! NE$S ( ! MOM5T1 !RE MU/ BE MIRROR$ !  
GREAT GOAL ( SOCIAL LIB]ATION1 & EA* SU* /RUGGLE MU/ HELP TO  
SMOO? ! WAY & /R5G!N ! SPIRIT :I* TRANS=MS ! 9N]  
LONG+ ( ITS BE>]S 9TO WILL & DE$4 

,FROM 3 ,SPUNK4ORG4 

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,FEBRU>Y #i1 #bag 3 ,*APT] #e -- ,ADD$4 

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