,*APT] #aa 
,AN>*Y ,AFT] ,LEFTISM 

#aiigaiig 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,BOB ,BLACK 

,TEXT 3 

,*APT] #a#a3 ,AN>*Y AFT] ,LEFTISM 

  

,9 ONE RESPECT1 ,MURRAY ,BOOK*9 IS RI<T 9 ALMO/ ! ONLY WAY HE'S /ILL CAPABLE (1 I4E41 = ! WRONG REASONS4 ,! AN>*I/S >E AT A TURN+ PO9T4 ,= ! FIR/ TIME 9 HI/ORY1 !Y >E ! ONLY REVOLUTION>Y CURR5T4 ,TO BE SURE1 NOT ALL AN>*I/S >E REVOLUTION>IES1 BUT IT IS NO LONG] POSSIBLE TO BE A REVOLUTION>Y )\T BE+ AN AN>*I/1 9 FACT IF NOT 9 NAME4 

,?R\<\T ITS EXI/5CE AS A CONSCI\S CURR5T1 AN>*ISM HAS BE5 %AD[$ & USUALLY OV]%AD[$ BY LEFTISM 9 G5]AL1 & ,M>XISM 9 P>TICUL>4 ,ESPECIALLY S9CE ! =MATION ( ! ,SOVIET ,UNION1 AN>*ISM HAS EFFECTIVELY 7& !RE=E 9EFFECTIVELY7 DEF9$ ITSELF ) REF]5CE TO ,M>XISM4 ,! R$UCTION ( AN>*I/S TO SATELLITES ( ! ,COMMUNI/S1 ESPECIALLY 9 REVOLUTION>Y SITUATIONS1 IS SO REGUL> A FEATURE ( !IR MOD]N HI/ORY ?AT IT CAN'T BE AN ACCID5T4 ,FIXAT$ ON !IR GREAT RIVAL1 ! AN>*I/S HAVE COMPET$ ) ,M>XI/S ON !IR [N LEFTI/ T]MS & SO ! AN>*I/S HAVE ALWAYS LO/4 

,M>XISM WAS ALREADY IDEOLOGICALLY BANKRUPT BY ! TIME ,EUROPEAN ,COMMUNISM COLLAPS$4 ,AS IDEOLOGY1 ,M>XISM IS N[ M]ELY A CAMPUS -- & MO/LY A FACULTY -- PH5OM5ON1 & EV5 AS SU* ITS P]SI/5CE IS MO/LY P>ASITIC UPON FEM9ISM & ! RACIAL NATIONALISMS4 ,AS A /ATE SY/EM1 :AT REMA9S ( ,M>XISM IS M]ELY ,ORI5TAL DESPOTISM1 UN?9KABLE AS A MODEL = ! ,WE/4 ,SUDD5LY1 SEV5TY YE>S ( AN>*I/ EXCUSES BECAME IRRELEVANT4 

,AL?\< !SE DEVELOPM5TS CAU<T ! AN>*I/S1 LIKE EV]YBODY ELSE1 BY SURPRISE1 !Y W]E NOT AS UNPREP>$ AS !Y W\LD HAVE BE5 TW5TY YE>S E>LI]4 ,MANY ( !M HAD1 IF NOT BY DESIGN1 !N BY DRIFT & DEFAULT1 /RAY$ FROM !IR TRADITIONAL POSITION AS 0! 'LEFT W+' ( 'ALL SOCIALISMS'0 7#f7 -- BUT NOT BY MOV+ TO ! RI<T4 ,LIKE MANY O!R ,NOR? ,AM]ICANS1 !Y W]E UNABLE TO DISC]N ANY DIFF]5CE BETWE5 LEFT & RI<T ( SU* IMPORTANCE ?AT !Y FELT COMPELL$ TO DECL>E = ONE OR ! O!R4 ,AS ! LEFTI/ V5E] -- OR T>NI% -- !Y TYPICALLY ACQUIR$ 9 COLLEGE WORE (F1 AN 9DIG5\S ANTI-AU?ORIT>IANISM %[$ ?R\<4 ,! ,M>XI/S !Y 5C\NT]$ ON CAMPUS W]E TOO RIDICUL\S TO BE TAK5 S]I\SLY AS RIVALS OR REF]5CE PO9TS4 7,?AT SOME ( !M W]E PR(ESSORS MADE !M ?AT MU* MORE RIDICUL\S47 ,MORE ?AN EV] BE=E1 SOME AN>*I/S 9SI/$ ON A 0P]SONALI/IC0 GR\ND+ ( POLITICS 9 ! EXP]I5CE ( EV]YDAY LIFE1 & !Y CORRESPOND+LY OP5$ UP TO !ORI/S LIKE ! SITUATIONI/S = :OM ! CRITIQUE ( EV]YDAY LIFE WAS A FIR/ PR9CIPLE4 ,!Y TOOK TO DUMP/]-DIV+ AMONG ! DISC>DS ( DOCTR9ES & CULTURES TO FA%ION1 LIKE A COLLAGE1 RECOMB9ANT WORLD-PICTURES ( !IR [N4 ,& IF ,NIETZS*E'S DEF9ITION IS RI<T -- ?AT MAN IS ! ANIMAL :O LAU<S -- !N !Y RECOV]$ SOME ( !IR HUMANITY TOO4 

,N[ ,I ADMIT ?IS PICTURE IS TOO ROSY BECAUSE IT'S NOT R$ 5\<4 ,A FRACTION ( ,NOR? ,AM]ICAN AN>*I/S1 MO/LY SYNDICALI/S1 REMA9 \T-&-\T LEFTI/S4 ,AS SU*1 !Y %>E ! DECL9E ( ! RE/ ( ! LEFT4 ,!Y NO LONG] 9CLUDE ANY FIR/-RATE OR EV5 SECOND-RATE ?9K]S4 ,O!R POCKETS ( AN>*I/S ACT AS AUXILI>IES ( SUB-LEFTI/1 P>TICUL>I/ IDEOLOGIES LIKE FEM9ISM & ,?IRD ,WORLD NATIONALISM 79CLUD+ 9DIG5ISM7 -- ! L>G] HUNKS ( WRECKAGE FROM ! ,NEW ,LEFT4 ,!SE TOO HAVE PRODUC$ !IR LOGORRHEICS BUT NOBODY ) ANY?+ TO SAY4 ,MANY O!R AN>*I/S RETA9 VE/IGES ( LEFTISM 7NOT ALWAYS A BAD ?+74 ,:AT'S IMPORTANT IS H[ MANY ( !M1 :ATEV] !IR L+]+ 9FLU5CES1 SIMPLY >5'T LEFTI/S ANY MORE4 ,! ,DEAN'S J]EMIAD EXPRESSES HIS %OCK ( RECOGNITION AT ?IS UNPREC$5T$ /ATE ( AFFAIRS4 

,! PRECONDITION = ANY SUB/ANTIAL 9CREASE 9 AN>*I/ 9FLU5CE IS = AN>*I/S TO MAKE EXPLICIT & EMPHATIC !IR BREAK ) ! LEFT4 ,?IS DOES NOT MEAN PLAC+ ! CRITIQUE ( ! LEFT AT ! C5T] ( ANALYSIS & AGITATION4 ,ON ! CONTR>Y1 ?AT'S ALWAYS BE5 A SYMPTOM ( AN>*ISM'S SATELLITE /ATUS4 ,IT IS 5\< TO ID5TIFY LEFTISM1 AS ! OCCASION >ISES1 AS ALL IT REALLY IS1 A V>IANT ( HEGEMONIC IDEOLOGY -- A LOYAL OPPOSITION -- :I* WAS =M]LY EFFECTIVE 9 RECUP]AT+ REVOLUTION>Y T5D5CIES4 ,!RE'S NO REASON = AN>*I/S TO 9H]IT AN ACCURS$ %>E ( ! LEFT'S UNPOPUL>ITY4 ,LET'S MAKE \R [N 5EMIES4 

,& \R [N FRI5DS4 ,S9CE !RE REALLY IS SOME?+ AN>*I/ AB\T SOME POPUL> T5D5CIES1 WE %\LD TRY TO MAKE SOME AN>*I/ T5D5CIES POPUL>4 ,C]TA9 AN>*I/ !MES BO? OLD & NEW RESONATE ) C]TA9 WIDESPREAD ATTITUDES4 ,IT ISN'T NECESS>ILY ELITI/ OR MANIPULATIVE TO CIRCULATE ! PROPOSITION ?AT AN>*ISM EXPLICATES & ELABORATES V>I\S 9*OATE ANTI-AU?ORIT>IAN T5D5CIES4 ,?IS CAN BE DONE 9 AN IMP]IALI/IC & OPPORTUNI/IC FA%ION1 BUT ,I BELIEVE IT CAN ALSO BE DONE1 JUDICI\SLY1 9 GOOD FAI?4 ,IF WE'RE MI/AK51 NO H>M DONE1 WE JU/ WON'T GO OV] V]Y WELL1 SOME?+ WE'RE US$ TO4 ,MANY PEOPLE WILL SURELY %R9K1 AT LEA/ 9ITIALLY1 FROM DRAW+ ! AN>*I/ CONCLUSIONS WE SUGGE/ !IR [N ATTITUDES & VALUES T5D T[>D4 ,!N AGA91 SOME O!RS MAY NOT1 NOT EV5 9ITIALLY -- ESPECIALLY ! Y\NG4 

,BESIDES1 MAK+ CONV]TS IS NOT ! ONLY PURPOSE ( AN>*I/ AGITPROP4 ,IT MAY ALSO 5L>GE ! *OK+LY CON/RICT$ RANGE ( ,NOR? ,AM]ICAN POLITICAL DISC\RSE4 ,WE MAY NEV] BR+ MO/ ( ! 9TELLIG5TSIA OV]1 BUT WE CAN S(T5 !M UP4 ,WE CAN R$UCE SOME ( !M TO SYMPA?IZ]S1 TO :AT ! ,/AL9I/S CALL$ FELL[ TRAVEL]S1 TO :AT ,L59 CALL$ USEFUL IDIOTS4 ,!Y WILL TRADUCE \R IDEAS BUT ALSO1 9 SOME MUTILAT$ =M1 S5D !M >\ND & LEGITIMATE !M 9 ! S5SE ?AT !Y >E TO BE TAK5 S]I\SLY4 ,& 9 SO DO+ !Y WILL WEAK5 !IR [N P[] TO C\NT] !M IF & :5 !SE IDEAS >E TAK5 S]I\SLY 5\< TO BE ACT$ UPON BY ?OSE :O UND]/& !M4 

,AM]ICANS 7& UND\BT$LY O!RS1 BUT ,I'LL /ICK ) ! ,AM]ICAN CONTEXT ,BOOK*9 ADDRESSES7 REALLY >E 9 A C]TA9 S5SE 0AN>*I/IC40 ,I'M NOT GO+ TO PRET5D1 LIKE ,DAVID ,DE ,LEON 7#a#i#g#h71 ?AT !RE IS SOME?+ 9NATELY & IMMEMORIALLY AN>*I/ AB\T ,AM]ICANS4 ,\R BELIEFS & BEHAVIOR HAVE LONG BE5 O!RWISE 9 IMPORTANT RESPECTS4 ,MO/ CONTEMPOR>Y ,AM]ICAN AN>*I/S & O!R RADICALS -- & ,I 9CLUDE MYSELF H]E -- HAVE BE5 CONSCI\SLY & CONSPICU\SLY ANTI-,AM]ICAN4 ,9 COLLEGE1 ,I MAJOR$ 9 HI/ORY1 BUT ,I TOOK C\RSES ONLY 9 ,EUROPEAN HI/ORY1 BECAUSE ,EUROPEANS HAD A REVOLUTION>Y H]ITAGE :I* WE ,AM]ICANS 7,I ASSUM$7 DID NOT4 ,MU* LAT] ,I LE>N$ ?AT ,AM]ICANS HAVE AT TIMES BE5 MU* MORE REVOLUTION>Y 7& SO1 TO ME1 MORE 9T]E/+7 ?AN ,I ORIG9ALLY SUPPOS$4 ,:ILE ?IS DISCOV]Y DIDN'T TRANS=M ME 9TO A PATRIOT1 AS MY ANTI-,GULF ,W> ACTIVITIES DEMON/RATE 7,BLACK #a#i#i#b3 *4 #i71 IT DID K9DLE A SYMPA!TIC 9T]E/ 9 ,AM]ICAN HI/ORY :I* ,I AM /ILL PURSU+4 ,AN>*Y IS AT ONCE V]Y MU* AN ELABORATION ( C]TA9 ,AM]ICAN VALUES & AT ! SAME TIME ANTI!TICAL TO C]TA9 O!RS4 ,SO IT MAKES NO S5SE = ,AM]ICAN AN>*I/S TO BE PRO-,AM]ICAN OR ANTI-,AM]ICAN4 ,!Y %\LD BE !MSELVES -- !IR ONE 9DISPUTABLE >EA ( EXP]TIZE -- & SEE :AT ?AT LEADS TO4 

,PO/-LEFTI/ AN>*Y IS POSITION$ TO >TICULATE -- NOT A PROGRAM -- BUT A NUMB] ( REVOLUTION>Y !MES ) CONTEMPOR>Y RELEVANCE & RESONANCE4 ,IT IS1 UNLIKE ,BOOK*9ISM1 UNAMBIGU\SLY ANTI-POLITICAL1 & MANY PEOPLE >E ANTI-POLITICAL4 ,IT IS1 UNLIKE ,BOOK*9ISM1 H$ONI/IC1 & MANY PEOPLE FAIL TO SEE :Y LIFE IS NOT TO BE LIV$ 5JOYABLY IF IT IS TO BE LIV$ AT ALL4 ,IT IS1 UNLIKE ,BOOK*9ISM1 09DIVIDUALI/IC0 9 ! S5SE ?AT IF ! FRE$OM & HAPP9ESS ( ! 9DIVIDUAL -- I4E41 EA* & EV]Y REALLY EXI/+ P]SON1 EV]Y ,TOM1 ,DICK & ,MURRAY -- IS NOT ! MEASURE ( ! GOOD SOCIETY1 :AT IS8 ,MANY PEOPLE WOND] :AT'S WRONG ) WANT+ TO BE HAPPY4 ,PO/-LEFTI/ AN>*Y IS1 UNLIKE ,BOOK*9ISM1 IF NOT NECESS>ILY REJECTIVE1 !N AT LEA/ SUSPICI\S ( ! *RONICALLY UNFULFILL$ LIB]ATORY PROMISE ( HI< TE*NOLOGY4 ,& MAYBE MO/ IMPORTANT ( ALL IS ! MASSIVE REVULSION AGA9/ WORK1 AN 9/ITUTION :I* HAS BECOME LESS & LESS IMPORTANT TO ,BOOK*9 AT ! SAME TIME IT'S BECOME MORE & MORE IMPORTANT1 & OPPRESSIVE1 TO PEOPLE \TSIDE ACADEMIA :O ACTUALLY HAVE TO WORK4 ,MO/ PEOPLE W\LD RA!R DO LESS WORK ?AN ATT5D MORE MEET+S4 ,:I* IS TO SAY1 MO/ PEOPLE >E SM>T]1 & SAN]1 ?AN ,MURRAY ,BOOK*9 IS4 ,PO/-LEFTI/ AN>*I/S MO/LY DON'T REG>D \R TIMES ONE-DIM5SIONALLY1 AS EI!R A 0DECAD5T1 B\RGEOISIFI$ ]A0 7#a7 ( 0SOCIAL REACTION0 7#i7 OR AS ! DAWN+ ( ! ,AGE ( ,AQU>IUS4 ,!Y T5D T[>D PESSIMISM1 BUT NOT USUALLY AS MU* AS ! ,DEAN DOES4 ,! SY/EM1 UN/ABLE AS EV]1 NEV] CEASES TO CREATE CONDITIONS :I* UND]M9E IT4 ,ITS SELF-9FLICT$ W\NDS AWAIT \R SALT4 ,IF Y\ DON'T BELIEVE 9 PROGRESS1 IT'LL NEV] DISAPPO9T Y\ & Y\ MI<T EV5 MAKE SOME PROGRESS4 

,9 SOME P>TICUL>S1 -- AS ,I'VE COME TO APPRECIATE1 SOME:AT TO MY SURPRISE1 9 WRIT+ ?IS ESSAY1 -- TRADITIONAL AN>*I/ !MES & PRACTICES >E MORE ATTUN$ TO POPUL> PR$ILECTIONS ?AN EV] BE=E4 ,MO/ ,AM]ICANS HAVE JO9$ !M1 = 9/ANCE1 9 AB/5TION FROM ELECTIONS1 & !Y JU/ MI<T BE 9T]E/$ 9 ! AN>*I/S' REASONS4 ,CLASS CONFLICT AT ! PO9T ( PRODUCTION HOLDS LITTLE 9T]E/ = CAMPUS-BAS$ ,BOOK*9I/-,>5DTI/ CIVILOGUES1 BUT MEANS MU* TO PO/-COLLEGE WORK]S R$UC$1 = ! DURATION1 TO ! DEGRADATION !Y BRIEFLY ?\<T !Y'D ESCAP$ BY GRADUAT+ FROM HI< S*OOL4 ,N[ !Y MU/ WORK TO PAY (F ! LOANS ?AT F9ANC$ AN 9T]VAL ( RELATIVE FRE$OM 7A ,TEMPOR>Y ,AUTONOM\S ,ZONE1 AS IT W]E7 SU* AS !Y MAY NEV] 5JOY AGA91 NO MATT] H[ MU* !Y E>N4 ,!Y MAY HAVE LE>N$ JU/ 5\< ALONG ! WAY TO QUE/ION :E!R LIFE HAS TO BE ?IS WAY4 

,BUT ! NEW !MES ( ! ,NEW ,AN>*ISM1 OR1 BETT] YET1 ! ,NEW ,AN>*ISMS ALSO HAVE POPUL> APPEAL -- NOT BECAUSE !Y P&] TO PREVAL5T ILLUSIONS BUT BECAUSE !Y P&] 7& :Y NOT87 TO PREVAL5T DISILLUSIONS4 ,) TE*NOLOGY1 = 9/ANCE4 ,A POLITICAL CRITIQUE ( TE*NOLOGY MAY MAKE A LOT ( S5SE TO ! T5D]S ( HI< TE*NOLOGY :O HAVE NOT EXP]I5C$ ANY?+ ( ITS LIB]ATORY POT5TIAL AS SO (T5 PROMIS$ BUT NEV] DELIV]$ BY ! PROGRESSIVES1 BY ! ,M>XI/S1 SYNDICALI/S1 ,BOOK*9I/S & O!R TE*NOCRATS4 ,AT ! V]Y LEA/1 TRICKLE-D[N TE*NO-LIB]ATION IS AS FRAUDUL5T AS TRICKLE-D[N 5RI*M5T ?R\< SUPPLY-SIDE ECONOMICS 7MAKE ! ALREADY RI* SO MU* RI*] ?AT SOME CRUMBS >E B\ND TO FALL FROM !IR TABLE74 ,COMPUT] PROGRAMM+ IS1 IF MORE 9T]E/+1 LITTLE MORE LIB]ATORY ?AN DATA 5TRY1 & ! H\RS >E LONG]4 ,!RE'S NO LI<T AT ! 5D ( ! C>PAL TUNNEL4 

,) :ATEV] ELEM5TS ! ,NEW ,AN>*ISMS >E COMP\ND$ & :ATEV] !IR =TUNES WILL BE1 ! OLD AN>*ISM -- ! LIB]T>IAN FR+E ( ! ,LEFT ,?AT ,WAS -- IS F9I%$4 ,! ,BOOK*9I/ BLIP WAS A CONJUNCTURAL QUIRK1 AN ANOMAL\S AMALGAM ( ! OLD AN>*ISM & ! ,NEW ,LEFT TO :I* ! ,DEAN-TO-BE =TUIT\SLY ADD$ A LITTLE POP ECOLOGY & 7?IS P>T PASS$ UNNOTIC$ = F> TOO LONG7 HIS WEIRD CITY-/ATI/ FETI%4 ,N[ ,BOOK*9 BELAT$LY BUMBLES =? AS ! DEF5D] ( ! FAI?1 ?AT OLD-TIME RELIGION4 ,AN>*ISM-AS-,BOOK*9ISM WAS A CONFUSIONI/ EPISODE EV5 HE1 ITS FABRICATOR1 SEEMS TO BE 9 HA/E TO CONCLUDE4 

,IF ! WORD 0DECAD5CE0 MEANS ANY?+1 ,SOCIAL ,AN>*ISM OR ,LIFE/YLE ,AN>*ISM IS AN EX]CISE 9 DECAD5CE1 NOT TO M5TION AN EX]CISE 9 FUTILITY4 ,IF ! WORD MEANS ANY?+1 IT MEANS A DET]IORATION FROM A PREVI\S HI<] LEVEL ( ACCOMPLI%M5T -- IT MEANS DO+ WORSE :AT WAS =M]LY DONE BETT]4 ,9 ?AT S5SE1 ! ,NEW ,AN>*ISMS ( ! 0LIFE/YLE AN>*I/S0 CANNOT BE DECAD5T1 = :AT !Y >E DO+ IS AT BE/1 SOME?+ BETT]1 & AT WOR/1 SOME?+ DIFF]5T FROM :AT ! OLD-/YLE LEFT-W+ AN>*I/S DID4 ,BOOK*9 IS NOT EV5 DO+ :AT ,BOOK*9 ONCE DID1 IF NEV] V]Y WELL1 !N AT LEA/ A LOT BETT]4 

,)9 AN>*ISM1 :AT IS TAK+ PLACE RESEMBLES :AT1 9 SCI5CE1 IS KN[N AS A P>ADIGM %IFT 7,KUHN #a#i#g74 ,A P>ADIGM IS AN OV]>*+ FRAME ( REF]5CE1 SOME?+ BROAD] ?AN A !ORY 7OR IDEOLOGY71 :I* DIRECTS ! DEVELOPM5T ( ?\<T = ?OSE BELONG+ TO A COMMUNITY ( ?OSE OP]AT+ )9 ! P>ADIGM4 ,?AT ?IS IS A SOME:AT CIRCUL> =MULATION ITS ORIG9ATOR ADMITS 7IBID43 #a#g#f71 BUT TRU? IS CIRCUL>1 AN 9ESCAPABLE H]M5EUTIC CIRCLE BUT ONE :OSE DIAMET] WE CAN WID5 ALONG ) \R P]SPECTIVES4 ,! DETAILS &1 = ?AT MATT]1 ! DEFICI5CIES ( ,KUHN'S MU*-DISCUSS$ MODEL ( SCI5TIFIC !ORY & PRACTICE NE$ NOT DETA9 US H]E 7AL?\< ,I COMM5D !M TO AN>*I/S CAPABLE ( MORE MUSCUL> ?9K+ ?AN ,BOOK*9 & MO/ O!R AN>*O-EG<EADS >E UP =74 ,H]E ,I'M DRAW+ ATT5TION TO JU/ TWO ASPECTS ( ?IS HI/ORICAL APPROA* TO EXPLA9+ !ORETICAL ?9K+ :I* ,I F9D SUGGE/IVE4 

,! FIR/ IS ! NOTION ( 0NORMAL SCI5CE10 :I* REF]S TO ! EV]YDAY PRACTICE ( WORKADAY SCI5TI/S3 ! WORK+-\T ( ! IMPLICATIONS ( ! PREVAIL+ P>ADIGM4 ,NEWTON'S PHYSICS1 = 9/ANCE1 KEPT OBS]VATIONAL A/RONOM]S & EXP]IM5TAL PHYSICI/S HAPPY1 OR AT LEA/ BUSY1 = OV] TWO HUNDR$ YE>S3 IT ASSIGN$ !M PROBLEMS TO SOLVE & CRIT]IA = :AT C\NT$ AS SOLUTIONS TO ?OSE PROBLEMS4 

,! CLASSICAL AN>*ISM ( ,GODW91 ,PR\DHON1 ,BAKUN9 & ESPECIALLY ,KROPOTK9 MAY BE ?\<T ( AS ! ORIG9AL AN>*I/ POLITICAL P>ADIGM4 ,= ALL !IR DIFF]5CES1 TOGE!R !Y FURNI%$ MANY ANSW]S & A CONTEXT = DEVELOP+ MANY MORE4 ,LAT] FIGURES LIKE ,MALATE/A1 ,GOLDMAN1 ,B]KMAN1 ! AN>*O-SYNDICALI/S1 & ! 9TELLECTUALS WRIT+ = ,FRE$OM 9 EFFECT 5GAG$ 9 0NORMAL AN>*ISM0 -- 9 RE/AT+1 ELABORAT+1 UPDAT+ & 9 DETAILS AM5D+ ! P>ADIGM4 ,M5 LIKE ,H]B]T ,READ1 ,GEORGE ,WOODCOCK1 ,ALEX ,COM=T & ,PAUL ,GOODMAN WORK$ )9 ?IS TRADITION 9 ! 9CLEM5T CLIMATE ( ! '#dS & '#eS4 ,9 *>ACT]IZ+ !IR ACTIVITY AS D]IVATIVE ,I AM BY NO MEANS D5IGRAT+ IT1 OR !M4 ,PRECISELY BECAUSE ! CLASSICAL P>ADIGM WAS RI* 9 POT5TIAL1 9TELLIG5T AN>*I/S HAVE DRAWN FRE% 9SI<TS FROM IT BY APPLY+ IT TO *ANG+ #b?-C5TURY DEVELOPM5TS4 ,BUT ! DEVELOPM5TS HAVE LONG S9CE \T/RIPP$ ! P>ADIGM4 ,TOO MANY 0ANOMALIES10 AS ,KUHN CALLS !M1 HAVE APPE>$ TO BE RECONCIL$ ) ! P>ADIGM )\T 9CREAS+ /RA9 & A DEEP5+ S5SE ( >TIFICIALITY4 ,CLASSICAL AN>*ISM1 LIKE LEFTISM 9 G5]AL1 IS PLAY$ \T4 ,MURRAY ,BOOK*91 :OM SOME AN>*I/S ONCE MI/OOK = ! FIR/ !ORI/ ( A NEW AN>*I/ P>ADIGM1 HAS N[ COME =? EXPLICITLY AS ! LA/ *AMPION ( ! OLD ONE1 ! AN>*I/ TAIL ( :AT HE CALLS ! ,LEFT ,?AT ,WAS4 

,ONE O!R SUGGE/IVE FEATURE ( ,KUHN'S >GUM5T IS HIS ACC\NT ( H[1 ON ! GR\ND1 ! SUPPLANT+ ( ONE P>ADIGM BY ANO!R ACTUALLY TAKES PLACE3  
  

,:51 9 ! DEVELOPM5T ( A NATURAL SCI5CE1 AN 9DIVIDUAL OR GR\P FIR/ PRODUCES A SYN!SIS ABLE TO ATTRACT MO/ ( ! NEXT G5]ATION'S PRACTITION]S .<EMPHASIS ADD$.>1 ! OLD] S*OOLS GRADUALLY DISAPPE>4 ,9 P>T !IR DISAPPE>ANCE IS CAUS$ BY !IR MEMB]S' CONV]SION TO ! NEW P>ADIGM4 ,BUT !RE >E ALWAYS SOME M5 :O CL+ TO ONE OR ANO!R ( ! OLD] VIEWS1 & !Y >E SIMPLY READ \T ( ! PR(ESSION1 :I* !REAFT] IGNORES !IR WORK 7,KUHN #a#i#g3 #a#h-#a#i74  
  

,KUHN GOES ON TO EXPLA9 ?AT ?IS MAY 9VOLVE 9TRANSIG5T 9DIVIDUALS1 0MORE 9T]E/+1 H[EV]1 IS ! 5DURANCE ( :OLE S*OOLS 9 9CREAS+ ISOLATION FROM PR(ESSIONAL SCI5CE4 ,CONSID]1 = EXAMPLE1 ! CASE ( A/ROLOGY1 :I* WAS ONCE AN 9TEGRAL P>T ( A/RONOMY0 7IBID43 #ai N4 #a#a74 

,NOT TO PRET5D ?AT AN>*ISM IS A SCI5CE -- SU* A PRET5SE IS ITSELF A P>T ( ! OBSOLETE P>ADIGM -- BUT ! ANALOGY IS ILLUM9AT+4 ,AS ,BOOK*9 ADMITS1 & DEPLORES1 0?\S&S0 ( AN>*I/S1 0! NEXT G5]ATION'S PRACTITION]S0 ( AN>*ISM1 >E 9CREAS+LY AB&ON+ SOCIAL AN>*ISM = LIFE/YLE AN>*ISM4 ,SOME ( ! OLD] S*OOL'S PRACTITION]S CONV]T1 AS HAS 9DE$ HAPP5$4 ,O!R ONCE-PROM95T FIGURES1 AS ,KUHN NOTIC$ 7IBID471 M>G9ALIZE !MSELVES AS ! ,DEAN HAS N[ DONE4 ,& TO CL9* ! COMP>ISON1 :AT W]E ONCE 09TEGRAL P>TS0 ( AN>*ISM >E ON ! V]GE ( SPLITT+ (F ON !IR [N AS DID A/ROLOGY FROM A/RONOMY SO AS TO HAVE ANY HOPE ( SURVIV+ AT ALL4 ,BOOK*9ISM1 0SOCIAL ECOLOGY10 WAS NEV] AN 9TEGRAL P>T ( AN>*ISM1 = ALL ! ,DEAN'S EF=TS TO MAKE IT SO4 ,IF IT P]SI/S A:ILE AFT] ! ,DEAN'S DEMISE1 SOCIAL ECOLOGY_/AN>*ISM WILL BE> AB\T ! SAME RELATION%IP TO ! NEW AN>*ISM AS A/ROLOGY TO A/RONOMY4 

,AS WILL1 ,I EXPECT1 ! DW9DL+ AN>*O-LEFTI/ FUNDAM5TALISMS4 ,( !SE !RE W\LD SEEM TO BE ONLY ?REE4 ,! FIR/ IS ! SUPPOS$ PURE-&-SIMPLE AN>*ISM (1 SAY1 ,F]D ,WOODWOR? ( ,! ,MAT*6 OR ! LATE UNLAM5T$ ,BOB ,%EA4 ,! 9H]5T IMPROBABILITY ( A SOCIALLY & ECONOMICALLY AGNO/IC AN>*ISM -- LET'S ABOLI% ! /ATE & LAT] SORT \T ! TRIFL+ DETAILS1 SU* AS \R WAY ( LIFE -- AS WELL AS ! %E] CRACKPOTK9ISM ( ITS VE/IGIAL DEVOTEES 7,BLACK #a#i#i#d3 #d#b-#d#d7 RELEGATE ?IS FUNDAM5TALISM TO IMM95T OBLIVION4 ,EV5 ,BOOK*9 W\LD BE EMB>RASS$ TO BE ASSOCIAT$ ) IT4 ,A ,M>XI/ IS CAPABLE ( MANY ]RORS & MANY HORRORS1 & USUALLY COMMITS SOME1 BUT ONE ?+ A ,M>XI/ CANNOT BE 9DIFF]5T TO IS POLITICAL ECONOMY & ! SOCIAL RELATIONS ( PRODUCTION4 

,! SECOND OBSOLETE AN>*O-LEFTISM IS AN>*O- SYNDICALISM4 ,AL?\< IT IS A WORK]I/ IDEOLOGY1 ITS FEW WORK+-CLASS ADH]5TS >E ELD]LY4 ,AL?\< IT IS BY DEF9ITION A UNION-ORI5T$ IDEOLOGY1 !RE IS NO P]CEPTIBLE SYNDICALI/ PRES5CE 9 ANY UNION4 ,A SYNDICALI/ IS MORE LIKELY TO BE A PR(ESSOR ?AN A PROLET>IAN1 MORE LIKELY TO BE A FOLK S+] ?AN A FACTORY WORK]4 ,ORGANIZ]S ON PR9CIPLE1 SYNDICALI/S >E DISUNIT$ & FACTIONALIZ$4 ,REM>KABLY1 ?IS DULLE/ ( ALL AN>*ISMS ATTRACTS SOME ( ! MO/ IRRATIONAL & HY/]ICAL ADH]5TS4 ,ONLY A RA!R SMALL M9ORITY ( ,NOR? ,AM]ICAN AN>*I/S >E SYNDICALI/S4 ,SYNDICALISM WILL P]SI/1 IF AT ALL1 AS A CAMPUS-BAS$ CULT 9 9CREAS+ ISOLATION FROM ! MA9 CURR5TS ( AN>*ISM4 

,! ?IRD AN>*O-LEFTISM IS AN>*O-FEM9ISM4 ,! CATEGORY IS1 ,I ADMIT1 QUE/IONABLE4 ,SO-CALL$ RADICAL FEM9ISM IS LEFTI/ 9 ORIG9 BUT EXTREME RI<T-W+ 9 IDEOLOGY 7,BLACK #a#i#h#f3 #a#c#c-#a#c#h2 ,BLACK #a#i#i#b3 #a#i#e-#a#i#g74 ,SEP>ATI/ 9 T5D5CY & SOMETIMES 9 PR9CIPLE1 AN>*O-FEM9ISM IS ORI5T$ MU* MORE T[>D /ATI/ FEM9ISM ?AN AN>*ISM4 ,IT IS ALREADY WELL ON ITS WAY T[>D 5CAPSULATION & ISOLATION FROM ! AN>*ISMS4 ,! FEM9I/ PRES5CE 9 AN>*ISM IS MORE APP>5T ?AN REAL4 ,MANY AN>*I/ WOM5 CALL !MSELVES FEM9I/S FROM =CE ( HABIT OR BECAUSE !Y ?9K ?AT BY NOT SO ID5TIFY+ !MSELVES !Y SOMEH[ UND]M9E ?OSE WOM5 :O DO4 ,BUT !RE IS LITTLE IF ANY?+ DI/9CTIVELY FEM9I/1 =TUNATELY1 9 ! AN>*ISM ( MO/ NOM9AL AN>*O-FEM9I/S4 ,FEM9ISM IS SO OBVI\SLY AN ,E/ABLI%M5T IDEOLOGY & SO REMOTE FROM ITS 7L>GELY MY?ICAL7 RADICAL ROOTS ?AT ITS AFFIRMATION BY AN>*I/S WILL BECOME EV] MORE P]FUNCTORY4 ,LIKE LEFTISM1 FEM9ISM IS A NE$LESS LIABILITY = AN>*I/S4 

,!RE IS LIFE AFT] ! LEFT4 ,& !RE IS AN>*Y AFT] AN>*ISM4 ,PO/-LEFTI/ AN>*I/S >E /RIK+ (F 9 MANY DIRECTIONS4 ,SOME MAY F9D ! WAY -- BETT] YET1 ! WAYS -- TO A FREE FUTURE4 

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