,*APT] #d 
,ON ,ORGANIZATION 

#aiigaiig 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,BOB ,BLACK 

,TEXT 3 

,*APT] #d3 ,ON ,ORGANIZATION 

  

,WELL1 F9ALLY1 ! ,DEAN HAS ID5TIFI$ A CONCRETE 0PROGRAMMATIC0 DIFF]5CE BETWE5 HIM & HIS APPO9T$ 5EMIES4 ,MO/1 MAYBE ALL ( ?OSE HE CRITICIZES AS 0LIFE/YLE AN>*I/S0 9DE$ OPPOSE ! E/ABLI%M5T ( SOME SORT ( AU?ORITATIVE AN>*I/ ORGANIZATION1 AS WELL !Y %\LD 7,BLACK #a#i#i#b3#a #a#h#a-#a#i#c74 ,IT IS SOME?+ ,NOR? ,AM]ICAN AN>*I/S HAVE ALWAYS %I$ AWAY FROM1 EV5 9 ! HEYDAY ( ! ,LEFT ,?AT ,WAS4 ,! ,DEAN1 AS PREVI\SLY NOT$1 HAS SP5T HIS 5TIRE AN>*I/ LIFE GO+ \T ( HIS WAY NOT TO 9VOLVE HIMSELF ) ANY SU* ORGANIZATION -- NOT FROM PR9CIPLE1 APP>5TLY1 BUT BECAUSE HE WAS PREOCCUPI$1 P]SONALI/ICALLY1 ) HIS [N C>E]4 ,SOME ( US ?9K ! 5T]PRISE IS ILL-ADVIS$1 EV5 C\NT]PRODUCTIVE1 EV5 AP>T FROM \R SUSPICION ?AT IT W\LDN'T ADVANCE \R C>E]S4 ,A LOT ( US DON'T EV5 HAVE C>E]S4 

,JACQUES ,CAMATTE 7#a#i#i#e3 #a#i-#c#h7 &1 BE=E HIM1 ! DISILLUSION$ SOCIALI/ ,ROB]T ,MI*ELS 7#a#i#f#b7 ) :OM ! ,DEAN IS NOT 5TIRELY UNFAMILI> 7#a#i#h#g3 #b#d#e71 PROVID$ SOME !ORETICAL REASONS = US TO ?9K SO4 ,DEAN ,BOOK*9 HIMSELF 7#a#i#g#g1#a#i#i#f7 REC\NTS ! BUREAUCRATIC DEG5]ATION ( :AT HE CONSID]S ! GREATE/ AN>*O-SYNDICALI/ ORGANIZATION ( !M ALL1 ! ,SPANI% ,C,N,T-,F,A,I4 ,EV5 ,KROPOTK91 ONE ( ! FEW AN>*I/S TO 5JOY ! ,DEAN'S IMPRIMATUR1 ?\<T ?AT A SYNDICALI/ REGIME W\LD BE F> TOO C5TRALIZ$ & AU?ORIT>IAN3 0,AS TO ITS ,CONF$]AL ,COMMITTEE1 IT BORR[S A GREAT DEAL TOO MU* FROM ! ,GOV]NM5T ?AT IT HAS JU/ OV]?R[N0 7#a#i#i3 XXXV74 

,) ORGANIZATIONS1 ESPECIALLY L>GE-SCALE ONES1 ! MEANS T5D TO DISPLACE ! 5DS2 ! DIVISION ( LABOR 5G5D]S 9EQUALITY ( P[]1 (FICIALLY OR O!RWISE2 & REPRES5TATIVES1 BY VIRTUE ( GREAT] 9T]E/1 EXP]I5CE1 & ACCESS TO EXP]TIZE1 EFFECTIVELY SUPPLANT ?OSE !Y REPRES5T4 ,WE AGREE ) ! ,DEAN ?AT 0! WORDS 'REPRES5TATIVE DEMOCRACY1' TAK5 LIT]ALLY1 >E A CONTRADICTION 9 T]MS0 7#a#i#h#g3 #b#d#e74 ,9 O!R WORDS1 0DELEGAT$ AU?ORITY 5TAILS HI]>*Y0 7,DAHL #a#i#i,O3 #g#b74 ,?US 9 ,SPA9 ! #c1 FAI/AS QUICKLY CAME TO CONTROL ONE MILLION C5ETI/AS1 :OM !Y L$ 9TO POLICIES -- SU* AS 5T]+ ! GOV]NM5T -- TO :I* ! ,F,A,I MILITANTS %\LD HAVE BE5 EV5 MORE FI]CELY OPPOS$ ?AN ! RANK-&-FILE ,C,N,T UNIONI/S4 ,9 A CRISIS -- :I* MI<T BE ( !IR [N CREATION -- ! LEAD]%IP G5]ALLY CONSULTS ITS 0P]SONALI/IC0 9T]E/S & ! MA9T5ANCE REQUIREM5TS ( ! ORGANIZATION1 9 ?AT ORD]2 ONLY !N1 IF EV]1 !IR ANN\NC$ IDEOLOGY2 NOT ! WILL ( ! MEMB]%IP 7AL?\< ! LEAD]S WILL 9VOKE IT IF IT HAPP5S TO CO9CIDE ) !IR POLICIES &1 = ?AT MATT]1 EV5 IF IT DOESN'T74 ,?IS HAS HAPP5$ TOO (T5 TO BE AN ACCID5T4 

,WE DO NOT REJECT ORGANIZATION BECAUSE WE >E IGNORANT ( ! HI/ORY ( AN>*I/ ORGANIZATIONS4 ,WE REJECT IT1 AMONG O!R REASONS1 BECAUSE WE KN[ ?AT HI/ORY ONLY TOO WELL1 & ,BOOK*9 IS ONE ( ?OSE :O HAS TAU<T IT TO US4 ,NOBODY IS SURPRIS$ ?AT BUS9ESS CORPORATIONS1 GOV]NM5T BUREAUCRACIES1 HI]ATIC *UR*ES & AU?ORIT>IAN POLITICAL P>TIES >E 9 PRACTICE1 AS 9 !ORY1 9IMICAL TO LIB]TY1 EQUALITY & FRAT]NITY4 7,ALSO 9COMPET5T3 AS ,PAUL ,GOODMAN PUT IT .<#a#i#i#d3 #e#h.>1 C5TRAL ORGANIZATION 0MA!MATICALLY GU>ANTEES /UPIDITY407 ,:AT AT FIR/ SURPRISES1 & :AT CRIES \T = EXPLANATION1 IS ?AT EGALIT>IAN & LIB]T>IAN ORGANIZATIONS SOON] OR LAT] -- USUALLY SOON] -- 5D UP ! SAME WAY4 

,ROB]T ,MI*ELS 7HIMSELF A SOCIALI/7 /UDI$ ! ,G]MAN ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRATIC ,P>TY -- A ,M>XI/ P>TY PROGRAMMATICALLY COMMITT$ TO SOCIAL EQUALITY -- A FEW YE>S BE=E ! ,FIR/ ,WORLD ,W>1 & F\ND IT TO BE ?OR\<LY HI]>*IC & BUREAUCRATIC4 ,V9DICAT+ ,MI*ELS1 ! VA/ MAJORITY ( ,G]MAN SOCIALI/S1 CONTR>Y TO !IR (FICIAL ANTIW> POSITION1 PROMPTLY FOLL[$ !IR LEAD]S 9 SUPPORT+ ! W>4 ,AN>*I/S MI<T CONGRATULATE !MSELVES ?AT ,M>XISM1 UNLIKE AN>*ISM1 WAS A 0B\RGEOIS IDEOLOGY0 7,BOOK*9 #a#i#g#i7 -- LIKE ! ,PH>ISEES1 ?ANK+ ,GOD ?AT !Y >E NOT AS O!R M54 7,AL?\< ?AT W\LD BE 0IDEALISM10 ANO!R B\RGEOIS IDEOLOGY47 ,MI*ELS1 WRIT+ AT A TIME :5 SYNDICALISM SEEM$ TO BE AN IMPORTANT SOCIAL MOVEM5T1 NOT$3  
  

,H]E WE F9D A POLITICAL S*OOL1 :OSE ADH]5TS >E NUM]\S1 ABLE1 WELL-$UCAT$1 & G5]\S-M9D$1 P]SUAD$ ?AT 9 SYNDICALISM IT HAS DISCOV]$ ! ANTIDOTE TO OLIG>*Y4 ,BUT WE HAVE TO ASK :E!R ! ANTIDOTE TO ! OLIG>*ICAL T5D5CIES ( ORGANIZATION CAN POSSIBLY BE F\ND 9 A ME?OD :I* IS ITSELF ROOT$ 9 ! PR9CIPLE ( REPRES5TATION4444 ,SYNDICALISM IS444 MI/AK5 9 ATTRIBUT+ TO P>LIAM5T>Y DEMOCRACY ALONE ! 9CONV5I5CES ?AT >ISE FROM ! PR9CIPLE ( DELEGATION 9 G5]AL 7#a#i#f#b3 #c#a#h74  
  

,TIMES HAVE *ANG$3 ,NOR? ,AM]ICAN SYNDICALI/S >5'T NUM]\S1 >5'T ABLE1 & LEA/ ( ALL >E !Y G5]\S-M9D$1 AL?\< MO/ MAY BE 0WELL-$UCAT$0 IF Y\ EQUATE A GOOD $UCATION ) COLLEGE -- SOME?+ ?AT ,I1 HAV+ TAU<T ,AM]ICAN COLLEGE /UD5TS1 DON'T DO4 

,! ,SPANI% EXP]I5CE SUGGE/S ?AT ,MI*ELS WAS RI<T AB\T 0ORGANIZATION0 AT LEA/ 9 ! S5SE ( L>GE-SCALE ORGANIZATIONS :OSE HI<] REA*ES CONSI/ ( REPRES5TATIVES1 SU* AS ! ,SPANI% ,C,N,T OR ! CONF$]AL 0,COMMUNE ( COMMUNES0 7#e#g7 ! ,DEAN DESIRES4 ,EV5 IF !SE ORGANIZATIONS >E ONLY M9IMALLY BUREAUCRATIC -- A PRECI\S1 & PREC>I\S1 ACCOMPLI%M5T -- !Y >E NONE!LESS 9H]5TLY HI]>*IC4 ,! ,C,N,T PYRAMID HAD AT LEA/ SIX LEVELS 7& SOME \TBUILD+S73  
  

,SECTION -@> ,SYNDICATE -@> ,LOCAL F$]ATION ( SYNDICATES -@> ,COM]CAL F$]ATION -@> ,REGIONAL CONF$]ATION -@> ,NATIONAL CONF$]ATION 7CONGRESS7 7,BRADEMAS #a#i#e#c3 #a#f-#a#g7  
  

,?IS LEAVES \T1 = 9/ANCE1 SEV]AL 9T]M$I>Y BODIES SU* AS ! ,REGIONAL ,PL5UM1 ! ,PL5UM ( ,REGIONALS 7NO1 ,I'M NOT JOK+7 & ! ,NATIONAL ,COMMITTEE 7,BOOK*9 #a#i#g#g3 #a#g74 ,:AT HAPP5$ WAS JU/ :AT MI<T HAVE BE5 EXPECT$ TO HAPP5 HAD ANYBODY ANTICIPAT$ ! ,C,N,T'S ABRUPT RISE TO P[]4 ,:5 !IR TURN CAME1 9 ,SPA91 ! ORGANIZATIONAL AN>*I/S BLEW IT TOO4 ,IT IS NOT ONLY ?AT ! MO/ VOCIF]\S ,F,A,I MILITANTS1 LIKE ,MONTS5EY & ,G>CIA ,OLIV]1 JO9$ ! ,LOYALI/ GOV]NM5T -- ?AT C\LD BE EXPLA9$ AWAY1 ALBEIT IMPLAUSIBLY1 AS 0P]SONALI/IC0 TREA*]Y -- BUT ?AT MO/ ( ! ,C,N,T-,F,A,I RANK-&-FILE W5T ALONG ) IT 7,BRADEMAS #a#i#e#c3 #c#e#c74 ,EV5 MORE />TL+ ?AN ! LEAD]S' SUPPORT = :AT !Y W]E SUPPOS$ TO BE AGA9/ 7! /ATE7 WAS !IR OPPOSITION TO :AT !Y W]E SUPPOS$ TO BE = -- SOCIAL REVOLUTION -- :I* SWEPT OV] MU* ( ,REPUBLICAN ,SPA9 )\T ! SUPPORT1 & 9 MO/ CASES OV] ! OBJECTIONS1 ( ! LEAD]S 7,BOLLOT5 #a#i#i#a2 ,BR\E @& ,TEMIME #a#i#g#b74 ,! LEAD]S PLAC$ ! W> AHEAD ( ! REVOLUTION & MANAG$1 AT ! CO/ ( A MILLION LIVES1 TO LOSE BO? 7,RI*>DS #a#i#h#c74 

,! ,SPANI% EXP]I5CE WAS NOT UNIQUE4 ,! ,ITALIAN SYNDICALI/S MO/LY W5T OV] TO ,FASCISM 7,ROB]TS #a#i#g#i74 ,! %AM 9DU/RIAL DEMOCRACY ( SYNDICALI/ CORPORATISM ONLY NE$$ A LITTLE F9E-TUN+ & A T\* ( COSMETICS TO BE F9ESS$ 9TO ! %AM SYNDICALISM ( ,FASCI/ CORPORATISM4 

,= ,NOR? ,AM]ICANS1 NO EXAMPLE -- NOT EV5 ! ,SPANI% EXAMPLE -- IS MORE IMPORTANT ?AN ! ,MEXICAN ,REVOLUTION4 ,HAD IT TURN$ \T DIFF]5TLY1 IT W\LD HAVE RECOIL$ UPON ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES ) 9CALCULABLE =CE4 ,BECAUSE ! REVOLUTION WAS CONTA9$ S\? ( ! BORD]1 9 ,AM]ICA ! ,F$]AL & /ATE GOV]NM5TS 7& ! VIGILANTES !Y 5C\RAG$7 HAD A FREE H& TO CRU% ! AN>*I/S1 SYNDICALI/S & SOCIALI/S SO ?OR\<LY ?AT !Y'VE NEV] RECOV]$4 

,DUR+ ! ,MEXICAN ,REVOLUTION1 ! ORGANIZ$ AN>*O- SYNDICALI/S SUPPORT$ ! LIB]ALS -- ! ,CON/ITUTIONALI/S -- AGA9/ ! ,ZAPATI/A & ,VILLI/A SOCIAL REVOLUTION>IES 7,H>T #a#i#g#h3 *4 #i74 ,AS URBAN RATIONALI/ PROGRESSIVES 7LIKE ,BOOK*971 !Y DESPIS$ PEASANT REVOLUTION>IES /ILL CL++ TO ,CA?OLICISM4 ,BESIDES1 !Y ?\<T ?AT ,PAN*O ,VILLA -- H]E'S AN UNCANNY PRECURSOR TO ,BOOK*9I/ J>GON -- ACT$ TOO MU* LIKE A 0P]SONALI/06 7IBID43 #a#c#a74 ,ON BEHALF ( ! ,CON/ITUTIONALI/ REGIME -- ! ONE ,PRESID5T ,WILSON S5T ! ,U4,S4 ,>MY 9 TO PROP UP -- ! AN>*O-SYNDICALI/S RAIS$ 0,R$ ,BATTALIONS10 P]HAPS #a#b1 /RONG1 0A MASSIVE AUGM5TATION ( COMM&+ G5]AL ,OBREGON'S ,CON/ITUTIONAL >MY0 7IBID43 #a#c#c1 #a#c#e74 ,!Y SOON REAP$ ! REW>D -- REPRESSION -- ?AT !Y'D E>N$4 ,BY #aica ! GOV]NM5T HAD ! ,MEXICAN WORK+ CLASS UND] CONTROL 7IBID43 #a#g#e-#a#g#g1 #a#h#c71 AS IT /ILL DOES4 ,IF REVOLUTION RESUMES IT WILL BE ! ,NEO-,ZAPATI/AS1 ! ,MAYAN PEASANTS ( ,*IAPAS1 :O SET IT (F 7,ZAPATI/AS #a#i#i#d74 

,)\T ATTEMPT+ A COMPREH5SIVE CRITIQUE ( ! ,DEAN'S MUNICIPAL-CONF$]AL SOCIALISM1 ,I'D LIKE TO RAISE A C\PLE ( PROSAIC PO9TS ( FACT :I* DO NOT DEP5D UPON1 AL?\< !Y >E CONSI/5T )1 ! ANTI-ORGANIZATIONAL CRITIQUES ( ,MI*ELS1 ,CAMATTE1 ,Z]ZAN1 MYSELF &1 BY N[1 MANY O!RS4 ,DIRECT DEMOCRACY IS NOT1 & = ALL ANYBODY KN[S1 NEV] WAS1 ALL IT'S CRACK$ UP TO BE BY ! ,DEAN4 ,MO/ ( ! EXTANT AU?ORS FROM CLASSICAL ANTIQUITY1 :O KNEW ! WORK+ SY/EM BETT] ?AN WE EV] WILL1 W]E ANTI-DEMOCRATIC 7,F9LEY #a#i#h#e3 #h-#a#a71 AS ,BOOK*9 ELSE:]E ADMITS 7#a#i#h#i3 #a#g#f74 ,! WORD 0DEMOCRACY0 WAS ALMO/ ALWAYS US$ PEJORATIVELY BE=E ! N9ETE5? C5TURY -- ?AT IS1 :5 IT REF]R$ ONLY TO DIRECT DEMOCRACY3 0,TO DISMISS ?IS UNANIMITY AS A DEBASEM5T ( ! CURR5CY1 OR TO DISMISS ! O!R SIDE ( ! DEBATE AS APOLOGI/S :O MISUSE ! T]M1 IS TO EVADE ! NE$ = EXPLANATION0 7,F9LEY #a#i#h#e3 #a#a2 CF4 ,BAILYN #a#i#i#b3 #b#h#b-#b#h#e74 

,! ,A!NIAN POLIS1 ! MO/ ADVANC$ =M ( DIRECT DEMOCRACY EV] PRACTIC$ = ANY EXT5D$ P]IOD1 WAS OLIG>*IC4 ,IT'S NOT ONLY ?AT1 AS ,BOOK*9 GRUDG+LY CONC$ES 7#e#i71 ! POLITY EXCLUD$ SLAVES1 NUM]\S O!R NONCITIZ5S 7ONE-?IRD ( FREE M5 W]E TE*NICALLY =EIGN]S .<,WALZ] #a#i#g3 #a#f.>71 & WOM51 I4E41 ! POLIS EXCLUD$ ! OV]:ELM+ MAJORITY ( ADULT ,A!NIANS4 ,EV5 ! ,DEAN ACKN[L$GES1 BUT ATTA*ES NO IMPORTANCE TO1 ! FACT ?AT MAYBE ?REE-F\R?S ( ADULT MALE ,A!NIANS W]E 0SLAVES & DIS5FRAN*IZ$ RESID5T ALI5S0 7#a#i#h#g3 #c#e74 ,IT C\LD NOT HAVE BE5 O!RWISE3  
  

,!SE L>GE DIS5FRAN*IZ$ POPULATIONS PROVID$ ! MAT]IAL MEANS = MANY ,A!NIAN MALE CITIZ5S TO CONV5E 9 POPUL> ASSEMBLIES1 FUNCTION AS MASS JURIES 9 TRIALS1 & COLLECTIVELY ADM9I/] ! AFFAIRS ( ! COMMUNITY 7,BOOK*9 #a#i#h#i3 #f#i74  
  

0,A MODICUM ( FREE TIME WAS NE$$ TO P>TICIPATE 9 POLITICAL AFFAIRS1 LEISURE ?AT WAS PROBABLY .<6.> SUPPLI$ BY SLAVE LABOR1 AL?\< IT IS BY NO MEANS TRUE ?AT ALL ACTIVE ,GREEK CITIZ5S W]E SLAVE [N]S0 7,BOOK*9 #a#i#i3 #h74 ,GREEK CULTURE1 AS ,NIETZS*E OBS]V$1 FL\RI%$ AT ! EXP5SE ( ! 0OV]:ELM+ MAJORITY03 0,AT !IR EXP5SE1 ?R\< !IR EXTRA WORK1 ?AT PRIVILEG$ CLASS IS TO BE REMOV$ FROM ! /RUGGLE = EXI/5CE1 9 ORD] TO PRODUCE & SATISFY A NEW WORLD ( NECESSITIES0 7#a#i#i#d3 #a#g#h74 

,!RE >E TWO MORE PO9TS TO POND]4 

,! FIR/ IS ?AT ! VA/ MAJORITY ( ! ,A!NIAN CITIZ5 M9ORITY AB/A9$ FROM P>TICIPATION 9 DIRECT DEMOCRACY1 JU/ AS ! MAJORITY ( ,AM]ICAN CITIZ5S AB/A9 FROM \R REPRES5TATIVE DEMOCRACY4 ,UP TO #d1 ,A!NIAN M5 5JOY$ ! PRIVILEGE ( CITIZ5%IP1 LESS ?AN HALF ( :OM RESID$ 9 ! CITY ITSELF 7,WALZ] #a#i#g3 #a#g74 0,ALL ! POLICY DECISIONS ( ! POLIS10 ACCORD+ TO ,BOOK*91 0>E =MULAT$ DIRECTLY BY A POPUL> ASSEMBLY1 OR ,ECCLESIA1 :I* EV]Y MALE CITIZ5 FROM ! CITY & ITS 5VIRONS 7,ATTICA7 IS EXPECT$ TO ATT5D0 7#a#i#g#d3 #b#d74 ,9 REALITY1 ! FACILITY PROVID$ = ! ASSEMBLY ACCOMMODAT$ ONLY A FRACTION ( !M 7,DAHL #a#i#i3 #e#c-#e#d71 SO MO/ MU/ HAVE BE5 EXPECT$ NOT TO ATT5D1 & DIDN'T4 ,ATT5DANCE PROBABLY NEV] EXCE$$ #f11 & WAS USUALLY BEL[ #c14 ,! ONLY KN[N TALLY ( ! TOTAL VOTE ON A MEASURE IS #c1#d#f#a 7,ZIMM]N #a#i#c#a3 #a#f#i74 ,& ?IS DESPITE ! FACT ?AT MANY CITIZ5S W]E SLAVE[N]S :O W]E !REBY RELIEV$1 9 :OLE OR 9 P>T1 ( ! NE$ TO WORK 7,BOOK*9 #a#i#i3 #h74 ,& DESPITE ! FACT ?AT ! PREVAL5T IDEOLOGY1 :I* EV5 ,SOCRATES SUBSCRIB$ TO1 0EMPHATICALLY PRIORITIZ$ ! SOCIAL OV] ! 9DIVIDUAL10 AS ! ,DEAN APPROV+LY ASS]TS ?AT ,BAKUN9 DID 7#e73 0AS A MATT] ( C\RSE10 ! ,A!NIANS 0PUT ! CITY FIR/ & ! 9DIVIDUAL NO:]E0 7,ZIMM]N #a#i#c#a3 #a#f#i-#a#g N4 #a74 ,EV5 MO/ ,A!NIANS ) ! TIME TO SP>E = PUBLIC AFFAIRS AVOID$ POLITICAL 9VOLVEM5T4 

,9 ?IS RESPECT !Y RESEMBL$ ! REMNANTS ( DIRECT DEMOCRACY 9 ,AM]ICA1 ! ,NEW ,5GL& T[N MEET+S4 ,!SE ORIG9AT$ 9 ! ,MASSA*USETTS ,BAY COLONY :5 ! DISP]SAL ( SETTLEM5TS MADE A UNIT>Y C5TRAL GOV]NM5T IMPRACTICAL4 ,AT FIR/ 9=MALLY1 BUT SOON =MALLY1 T[NS EX]CIS$ SUB/ANTIAL P[]S ( SELF-GOV]NM5T4 ,! ORIG9AL =M ( SELF-GOV]NM5T WAS ! T[N MEET+ ( ALL FREEM51 :I* TOOK PLACE ANY:]E FROM WEEKLY TO MON?LY4 ,?IS SY/EM /ILL PREVAILS1 =MALLY1 9 SOME ,NEW ,5GL& T[NS1 9CLUD+ ?OSE 9 ,BOOK*9'S ADOPT$ /ATE ,V]MONT -- BUT AS A =M )\T CONT5T4 ,9 ,V]MONT ! T[N MEET+ TAKES PLACE ONLY ONE DAY A YE> 7SPECIAL MEET+S >E POSSIBLE1 BUT R>E74 ,ATT5DANCE IS L[1 & DECL9+3 0,9 REC5T YE>S !RE HAS BE5 A /EADY DECL9E 9 P>TICIPATION UNTIL 9 SOME T[NS !RE >E SC>CELY MORE P]SONS PRES5T ?AN ! (FICIALS :O >E REQUIR$ TO BE !RE0 7,NUQUI/ #a#i#f#d3 #d-#e74 ,! ,DEAN HAS ?R[N A LOT ( FAIRY-DU/ ON PRES5T-DAY ,V]MONT T[N MEET+S 7#a#i#h#g3#b#f#h-#b#g2 #a#i#h#i3 #a#h#a7 )\T EV] CLAIM+ ?AT !Y PLAY ANY REAL ROLE 9 GOV]NANCE4 ,9DE$1 ,BOOK*9 HAILS ! T[N MEET+'S 0CONTROL0 7SO-CALL$7 PRECISELY BECAUSE 0IT DOES NOT C>RY ! POND]\S WEI<T ( LAW0 7#a#i#h#g3 #b#f#i73 9 O!R WORDS1 IT'S JU/ A POPULI/ RITUAL4 ,BY FAIL+ TO EI!R 0C>RY ! POND]\S WEI<T ( LAW0 OR JETTISON IT -- TASKS EQUALLY BEYOND ITS ILLUSORY AU?ORITY -- ! T[N MEET+ LEGITIMATES ?OSE :O DO C>RY1 WILL+LY1 ! POND]\S WEI<T ( LAW1 ! PRACTITION]S ( :AT ! ,DEAN CALLS /ATECRAFT4 

,9 MOD]N ,V]MONT AS 9 ANCI5T ,A!NS1 MO/ PEOPLE ?9K !Y HAVE BETT] ?+S TO DO ?AN ATT5D POLITICAL MEET+S1 BECAUSE MO/ PEOPLE >E NOT POLITICAL MILITANTS LIKE ! ,DEAN4 ,SEV]AL SORTS (1 SO TO SPEAK1 SPECIAL PEOPLE FLOCK TO !SE GET-TOGE!RS4 ,!SE OCCASIONS T5D TO ATTRACT A P]SON 7TYPICALLY A MAN7 :O IS AN IDEOLOGICAL FANATIC1 A CONTROL FREAK1 AN ACT+-\T VICTIM ( M5TAL ILLNESS1 OR SOMEBODY :O JU/ DOESN'T HAVE A LIFE1 & (T5 SOMEONE FAVOR$ BY SOME COMB9ATION ( ! =EGO+ CIVIC VIRTUES4 

,FACE-TO-FACE DEMOCRACY IS 9-Y\R-FACE DEMOCRACY4 ,TO ! EXT5T ?AT ! TIRELESS TYPICALS TURN UP1 !Y DISC\RAGE ?OSE NOT SO AFFLICT$ FROM P>TICIPAT+ ACTIVELY OR RETURN+ ! NEXT TIME4 ,! ,DEAN1 = 9/ANCE1 SPEAKS GL[+LY ( 0HAV+ ATT5D$ MANY T[N MEET+S OV] ! LA/ FIFTE5 YE>S0 7#a#i#h#g3 #b#f#i7 -- !Y >5'T EV5 HELD :]E HE LIVES ,BURL+TON -- :O BUT A POLITICAL P]VO-VOYEUR C\LD POSSIBLY GET (F ON !SE SOLEMN C]EMONIES8 ,SOME PEOPLE LIKE TO WAT* AUTOPSIES TOO4 ,! SAME TYPES :O'D GET !MSELVES ELECT$ 9 A REPRES5TATIVE DEMOCRACY T5D TO DOM9ATE1 BY !IR BIGM\!D BULLY+1 A DIRECT DEMOCRACY TOO 7,DAHL #a#i#i3 #e#d74 ,NORMAL NON-OBSESSIVE PEOPLE WILL (T5 RA!R APPEASE ! OBSESSIVES OR EV5 KICK !M UP/AIRS ?AN PROLONG AN UNPLEASANT 9T]ACTION ) !M4 ,IF FACE-TO-FACE DEMOCRACY MEANS HAV+ TO FACE DEMOCRATS LIKE ,BOOK*91 MO/ PEOPLE W\LD RA!R EXECUTE AN AB\T-FACE4 ,& SO ! M9ORITY ( POLITICAL OBSESSIVES1 GIV5 AN 9/ITUTIONAL OPPORTUNITY1 T5D TO HAVE !IR WAY4 ,?AT WAS H[ IT WAS 9 ,A!NS1 :]E DIRECTION CAME FROM :AT WE MI<T CALL MILITANTS1 :AT !Y CALL$ DEMAGOGUES3 0DEMAGOGUES -- ,I USE ! WORD 9 A NEUTRAL S5SE -- W]E A /RUCTURAL ELEM5T 9 ! ,A!NIAN POLITICAL SY/EM .<:I*.> C\LD NOT FUNCTION )\T !M0 7,F9LEY #a#i#h#e3 #f#i74 

,9 0,A ,DAY 9 ! ,LIFE ( A ,SOCIALI/ ,CITIZ510 ,MI*AEL ,WALZ] 7#a#i#g3 *4 #a#a7 S5T UP MUSCUL>1 DIRECT DEMOCRACY BE=E ,BOOK*9 PUBLICIZ$ HIS V]SION ( IT4 ,WALZ]'S PO9T ( DEP>TURE WAS :AT ,M>X & ,5GELS WROTE 9 ,! ,G]MAN ,IDEOLOGY AB\T H[ ! PO/-REVOLUTION>Y COMMUNI/ CITIZ5 IS A FULLY REALIZ$1 ALL-SID$ P]SON :O 0HUNTS 9 ! MORN+1 FI%ES 9 ! AFT]NOON1 RE>S CATTLE 9 ! EV5+1 & PLAYS ! CRITIC AFT] D9N]0 )\T EV] BE+ CONF9$ TO ANY OR ALL ( !SE SOCIAL ROLES 7IBID43 #b#b#i74 ,BOOK*9 HAS 5DORS$ ?IS VISION 7#a#i#h#i3 #a#i#b1 #a#i#e74 ,S\NDS GOOD1 BUT A MUSCUL> MUNICIPAL SOCIALI/ HAS FUR!R DEM&S ON HIS TIME3  
  

,BE=E HUNT+ 9 ! MORN+1 ?IS UNALI5AT$ MAN ( ! FUTURE IS LIKELY TO ATT5D A MEET+ ( ! ,C\NCIL ON ,ANIMAL ,LIFE1 :]E HE WILL BE REQUIR$ TO VOTE ON IMPORTANT MATT]S RELAT+ TO ! /OCK+ ( ! =E/S4 ,! MEET+ WILL PROBABLY NOT 5D MU* BE=E NOON1 = AMONG ! MANY-SID$ CITIZ5S !RE WILL ALWAYS BE A LIVELY 9T]E/ EV5 9 HI<LY TE*NICAL PROBLEMS4 ,IMM$IATELY AFT] LUN*1 A SPECIAL SESSION ( ! ,FI%]M5'S ,C\NCIL WILL BE CALL$ TO PROTE/ ! MAXIMUM CAT* REC5TLY VOT$ BY ! ,REGIONAL ,PLANN+ ,COMMISSION1 & ! ,M>XI/ MAN WILL P>TICIPATE EAG]LY 9 !SE DEBATES1 EV5 PO/PON+ A S*$UL$ DISCUSSION ( SOME CONTRADICTORY !SES ON CATTLE-RE>+4 ,9DE$ HE WILL PROBABLY LOVE >GUM5T F> BETT] ?AN HUNT+1 FI%+1 OR RE>+ CATTLE4 ,! DEBATES WILL GO ON SO LONG ?AT ! CITIZ5S WILL HAVE TO RU% ?R\< D9N] 9 ORD] TO ASSUME !IR ROLE AS CRITICS4 ,!N (F !Y WILL GO TO MEET+S ( /UDY GR\PS1 CLUBS1 $ITORIAL BO>DS1 & POLITICAL P>TIES :]E CRITICISM WILL BE C>RI$ ON LONG 9TO ! NI<T 7IBID43 #b#b#i-#b#c74  
  

,9 O!R WORDS1 0,SOCIALISM MEANS ! RULE ( ! M5 ) ! MO/ EV5+S TO SP>E0 7IBID43 #b#c#e74 ,WALZ] IS F> FROM BE+ MY FAVORITE ?9K] 7,BLACK #a#i#h#e71 BUT :AT HE SKET*$ H]E IS AS MU* P>ADIGM AS P>ODY4 ,IT SC>CELY EXAGG]ATES & 9 NO WAY CONTRADICTS ,R\SSEAU'S -- HIS FELL[ ,G5EVAN ,CALV9'S -- ASCETIC REPUBLICAN CIVISM1 :I* 9 TURN IS DI/URB+LY CLOSE TO ,BOOK*9'S MUSCUL>1 MORALI/IC MUNICIPALISM4 

,! ,DEAN HAS LONG 9SI/$ UPON ! POT5TIAL ( :AT HE CALLS 0LIB]ATORY TE*NOLOGY0 TO FREE ! MASSES FROM TOIL & U%] 9 A PO/-SC>CITY SOCIETY 7#a#i#g#a3 #h#c-#a#c#i74 0,)\T MAJOR TE*NOLOGICAL ADVANCES TO FREE PEOPLE FROM TOIL10 AN>*Y -- ESPECIALLY 0PRIMITIVI/IC1 PR]ATIONAL1 ANTITE*NOLOGICAL1 & ANTICIVILIZATIONAL0 AN>*Y -- IS IMPOSSIBLE 7#b#f74 ,NO P>T ( HIS ,M>XI/ H]ITAGE IS MORE VITAL TO ,BOOK*9 ?AN ITS NOTION ( HUMANITY PASS+ FROM ! REALM ( NECESSITY TO ! REALM ( FRE$OM BY WAY ( ! RATIONAL1 SOCIALLY RESPONSIBLE APPLICATION ( ! ADVANC$ TE*NOLOGY CREAT$ BY CAPITALISM4 

,! ,DEAN IS FURI\S ) 0LIFE/YLE AN>*I/S0 :O D\BT OR D5Y ?IS PO/ULATE ( POSITIVI/ PROGRESSIVISM1 BUT = PRES5T PURPOSES1 LET'S ASSUME HE'S RI<T4 ,LET'S PRET5D ?AT UND] AN>*O-DEMOCRATIC1 RATIONAL CONTROL1 ADVANC$ TE*NOLOGY W\LD DRA/ICALLY R$UCE ! TIME DEVOT$ TO PRODUCTION WORK & AF=D ECONOMIC SECURITY TO ALL4 ,TE*NOLOGY W\LD ?US DO = ! UPRI<T 7& UPTI<T7 REPUBLICAN ,BOOK*9I/ CITIZ5RY :AT SLAV]Y & IMP]IALISM DID = ! ,A!NIAN CITIZ5RY -- BUT NO MORE4 ,:I* IS TO SAY1 NOT NE>LY 5\<4 

,= EV5 IF TE*NOLOGY R$UC$ ! H\RS ( WORK1 IT W\LD NOT R$UCE ! H\RS 9 A DAY4 ,!RE W\LD /ILL BE #bd ( !M4 ,LET'S MAKE-BELIEVE WE C\LD AUTOMATE ALL PRODUCTION-WORK AWAY4 ,EV5 IF WE DID1 TE*NICS C\LDN'T POSSIBLY DO MORE ?AN %AVE A FEW M9UTES (F ! LONG H\RS :I* DELIB]ATIVE1 DIRECT DEMOCRACY W\LD NECESSITATE1 ! 0(T5 PROSAIC1 EV5 T$I\S BUT MO/ IMPORTANT =MS ( SELF-MANAGEM5T ?AT REQUIR$ PATI5CE1 COMMITM5T TO DEMOCRATIC PROC$URES1 L5G?Y DEBATES1 & A DEC5T RESPECT = ! OP9IONS ( O!RS )9 ONE'S COMMUNITY0 7,BOOK*9 #a#i#i#f3 #b2 CF4 ,DAHL #a#i#i3 #c#b-#c#f1 #e#b74 7,I PASS OV] AS B5EA? COMM5T ,BOOK*9'S AV[AL ( 0A DEC5T RESPECT = ! OP9IONS ( O!RS407 ,HAV+ TO RACE FROM MEET+ TO MEET+ TO TRY TO KEEP ! MILITANTS FROM TAK+ OV] W\LD BE EV5 WORSE ?AN WORK+1 BUT )\T ! PAY4 

,?AT WAS ! FIR/ PRACTICAL OBJECTION4 ,! SECOND IS ?AT !RE IS NO REASON TO BELIEVE ?AT !RE HAS EV] BE5 AN URBAN1 PURELY DIRECT DEMOCRACY OR EV5 A REASONABLE APPROXIMATION ( ONE4 ,EV]Y KN[N 9/ANCE HAS 9VOLV$ A CONSID]ABLE ADMIXTURE ( REPRES5TATIVE DEMOCRACY :I* SOON] OR LAT] USUALLY SUBORD9AT$ DIRECT DEMOCRACY :]E IT DIDN'T ELIM9ATE IT ALTOGE!R4 ,9 ,A!NS1 = 9/ANCE1 A ,C\NCIL ( #e1 *OS5 MON?LY BY LOT1 SET ! AG5DA = ! MEET+S ( ! EKKLESIA 7!RE WAS NO PROVISION = NEW BUS9ESS TO BE BR\<T UP FROM ! FLOOR .<,BOOK*9 #a#i#g#a3 #a#e#g2 ,ZIMM]N #a#i#c#a3 #ag N4 #a.>7 & :I*1 9 TURN1 ELECT$ AN 9N] C\NCIL ( #e = GOV]N+ BETWE5 ASSEMBLIES1 :I* 9 TURN ELECT$ A DAILY *AIRMAN4 ,SIR ,ALFR$ ,ZIMM]N1 :OSE SYMPA!TIC BUT DAT$ ACC\NT ( ,A!NIAN DEMOCRACY ! ,DEAN HAS REF]R$ TO APPROV+LY 7#a#i#g#a3 #a#e#i1 #bhh N4 #b#g71 OBS]V$ ?AT ! ,C\NCIL CONSI/$ ( PAID (FICIALS 7,ZIMM]N #a#i#c#a3 #a#f#e71 A DETAIL ! ,DEAN OMITS4 ,9 G5]AL1 0! SOV]EIGN PEOPLE JUDG$ & ADM9I/]$ BY DELEGAT+ P[] TO REPRES5TATIVES0 7IBID13 #a#f#f74 ,G5]ALS1 = 9/ANCE -- V]Y IMPORTANT (FICIALS 9 AN IMP]IALI/ /ATE FREQU5TLY AT W> -- W]E ELECT$ ANNUALLY 7,DAHL #a#i#i3 #c2 CF4 ,BOOK*9 #a#i#g#a3 #a#e#g74 ,!SE W]E REM>KABLY RADICAL DEMOCRATIC 9/ITUTIONS = !IR DAY1 & EV5 = \RS1 BUT !Y >E ALSO SUB/ANTIAL DEP>TURES FROM ,BOOK*9I/ DIRECT DEMOCRACY4 ,NONE!LESS ! ,DEAN ONLY GRUDG+LY ADMITS ?AT ,A!NS WAS EV5 A 0QUASI-/ATE0 7,BOOK*9 #a#i#h#i3 #f#i71 :ATEV] ! HELL A 0QUASI-/ATE10 IS4 ,UNBELIEVABLY1 ! ,DEAN CLAIMS ?AT 0,A!NS HAD A '/ATE' 9 A V]Y LIMIT$ & PIECEMEAL S5SE444 ! '/ATE' AS WE KN[ IT 9 MOD]N TIMES C\LD H>DLY BE SAID TO EXI/ AMONG ! ,GREEKS0 7#a#i#h#g3 #c#d74 ,JU/ ASK ,SOCRATES4 ,:AT'LL Y\ BE HAV+8 ,HEMLOCK1 /RAI<T UP4 ,! ,DEAN HAS ELSE:]E EXPLA9$ ?AT 9 HIS MUNICIPAL ,UTOPIA1 FACE-TO-FACE ASSEMBLIES W\LD SET POLICY BUT LEAVE ITS ADM9I/RATION TO 0BO>DS1 COMMISSIONS1 OR COLLECTIVES ( QUALIFI$1 EV5 ELECT$ (FICIALS0 7,BOOK*9 #a#i#h#i3 #a#g#e7 -- ! EXP]TS & ! POLITICIANS4 ,AGA93 0,GIV5 A MODE/ BUT BY NO MEANS SMALL SIZE1 ! POLIS C\LD BE >RANG$ 9/ITUTIONALLY SO ?AT IT C\LD HAVE ITS AFFAIRS CONDUCT$ BY WELL-R\ND$1 PUBLICLY-5GAG$ M5 ) A M9IMAL1 C>EFULLY GU>D$ DEGREE ( REPRES5TATION0 7,BOOK*9 #a#i#i3 #h74 ,MEET ! NEW BOSS1 SAME AS ! OLD BOSS6 

,CONSID] ,SWITZ]L&1 A HI<LY DEC5TRALIZ$ F$]AL REPUBLIC :I* = ! ,DEAN IS A FASC9AT+ EXAMPLE ( 0ECONOMIC & POLITICAL COORD9ATION )9 & BETWE5 COMMUNITIES ?AT R5D].<S.> /ATECRAFT & ! NATION-/ATE UTT]LY SUP]FLU\S0 7#a#i#h#g3 #b#b#i74 ,ALEXIS DE ,TOCQUEVILLE1 AS A/UTE A /UD5T ( DEMOCRACY AS EV] WAS1 WROTE 9 #a#h#d#h3  
  

,IT IS NOT SUFFICI5TLY REALIZ$ ?AT1 EV5 9 ?OSE ,SWISS CANTONS :]E ! PEOPLE HAVE MO/ PRES]V$ ! EX]CISE ( !IR P[]1 !RE DOES EXI/ A REPRES5TATIVE BODY 5TRU/$ ) SOME ( ! C>ES ( GOV]NM5T4 ,N[1 IT IS EASY TO SEE1 :5 /UDY+ REC5T ,SWISS HI/ORY1 ?AT GRADUALLY ?OSE MATT]S ) :I* ! PEOPLE CONC]N !MSELVES >E BECOM+ FEW]1 :]EAS ?OSE ) :I* !IR REPRES5TATIVES DEAL >E DAILY BECOM+ MORE NUM]\S & MORE IMPORTANT4 ,?US ! PR9CIPLE ( PURE DEMOCRACY IS LOS+ GR\ND GA9$ BY ! OPPOS+ PR9CIPLE4 ,! =M] IS 9S5SIBLY BECOM+ ! EXCEPTION & ! LATT] ! RULE 7#a#i#f#iB3 #g#d74  
  

,EV5 9 ! ,SWISS CANTONS !RE W]E REPRES5TATIVE BODIES 7LEGISLATURES7 TO :I* ! EXECUTIVE & ! JUDICI>Y W]E /RICTLY SUBORD9ATE 7IBID43 #g#d#a74 ,CIVIL LIB]TIES W]E VIRTUALLY UNKN[N & CIVIL RI<TS 5TIRELY SO1 A MU* WORSE SITUATION ?AN 9 MO/ ,EUROPEAN MON>*IES AT ! TIME 7IBID43 #g#c#h74 ,DE ,TOCQUEVILLE CONSID]$ ! ,SWISS ,CONF$]ATION ( HIS DAY 0! MO/ IMP]FECT ( ALL ! CON/ITUTIONS ( ?IS K9D YET SE5 9 ! WORLD0 7IBID43 #g#d#d74 ,E>LI]1 ,JOHN ,ADAMS HAD ALSO MADE ! PO9T ?AT ! ,SWISS CANTONS W]E >I/OCRATIC REPUBLICS AS WELL AS OBS]V+ ?AT !IR HI/ORICAL T5D5CY WAS = H]$IT>Y ELITES TO 5TR5* !MSELVES 9 (FICE 7,C\LBORN #a#i#f#e3 #a#a-#a#b74 

,AS = ! 0ECONOMIC & POLITICAL COORD9ATION0 :I* R5D]S ! ,SWISS 0NATION-/ATE UTT]LY SUP]FLU\S0 7,BOOK*9 #a#i#h#g3 #b#b#i71 IF ! ,SWISS NATION-/ATE IS UTT]LY SUP]FLU\S1 :Y DOES IT EXI/ AT ALL8 ,AS IT DOES1 AS SURELY AS EXI/ ! ,SWISS BANKS :OSE NUMB]$ ACC\NTS SAFEGU>D SO MU* ( ! LOOT ( ! WORLD'S DICTATORS & GANG/]S 7,RUW>T #a#i#i#f3 #d74 ,IS !RE POSSIBLY A CONNECTION8 ,MI<T ,SWITZ]L&'S RAKE(F FROM LOAN-%>K+ & MONEY-LAUND]+ UND]WRITE ITS DIRECT DEMOCRACY 7SU* AS IT IS7 JU/ AS SLAV]Y & IMP]IALISM UND]WROTE ! DIRECT DEMOCRACY ( ,A!NS8 ,A ,SWISS P>LIAM5T>IAN ONCE REF]R$ TO HIS C\NTRY AS A NATION ( RECEIV]S ( /OL5 GOODS4 

,?OSE ( US :O >E SOME:AT OLD] ?AN MO/ ,NOR? ,AM]ICAN AN>*I/S1 AL?\< MU* Y\NG] ?AN ! ,DEAN1 ALSO RECALL ! HI/ORY ( EF=TS TO =M AN ALL-9CLUSIVE AN>*I/ ORGANIZATION H]E4 ,NEV] DID !Y COME CLOSE TO SUCCESS4 7,TO ANTICIPATE AN OBJECTION -- ! ,9DU/RIAL ,WORK]S ( ! ,WORLD IS NOT N[1 & NEV] HAS BE51 AN AV[$LY AN>*I/ ORGANIZATION4 ,IT IS SYNDICALI/1 NOT AN>*I/ .<& NOT ,BOOK*9I/.>74 ,NOT UNTIL AB\T #a#i#b#d1 :5 MO/ ( ! MEMB]%IP HAD FALL5 AWAY1 JO9$ ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY1 OR 9 SOME CASES GONE TO PRISON1 WAS ! LITTLE ?AT WAS LEFT ( ! ,ONE ,BIG ,UNION ESS5TIALLY1 IF UN(FICIALLY1 AN AN>*I/ ORGANIZATION47 ,MU* LAT] ! ,AN>*I/ ,COMMUNI/ ,F$]ATION MADE AN EF=T TO UNIFY ! WORK]I/_/ORGANIZATIONAL AN>*I/S1 & MO/ REC5TLY ! EX- 7OR MAYBE NOT SO EX-7 ,M>XI/S >\ND ,LOVE @& ,RAGE1 :OSE AN>*I/ BONA FIDES >E WIDELY D\BT$1 FLOPP$ TOO4 

,AT ?IS TIME !RE SEEMS TO BE NO 9T]E/ 9 A CONT95TAL AN>*I/ F$]ATION4 ,! ONLY APP>5T PURPOSE = ONE IS TO LEGISLATE /&>DS ( AN>*I/ OR?ODOXY 7,BLACK #a#i#i#b3 #a#h#a-#a#i#c71 AN OBJECTIVE UND]/&ABLY UNWELCOME TO ! UNOR?ODOX MAJORITY ( AN>*I/S1 AL?\< ?AT N[ APPE>S TO BE ! ,DEAN'S BELAT$ GOAL4 ,:ILE ! AN>*I/ RANKS HAVE GREATLY GR[N DUR+ ! DECADES ( DECAD5CE1 WE >E F> FROM NUM]\S & UNIT$ 5\< TO ASSEMBLE 9 A FI<T+ ORGANIZATION4 ,BUT NO CULT IS EV] TOO SMALL = ITS [N LITTLE ,9QUISITION4 

,SO1 YES1 WE 0LIFE/YLE AN>*I/S0 T5D TO BE ANTI-ORGANIZATIONAL1 9 ! S5SE ?AT WE KN[ ?AT AN>*I/ ORGANIZATIONS HAVE A POOR TRACK RECORD & ALSO ?AT1 GIV5 \R NUMB]S1 \R RES\RCES1 & \R DIFF]5CES1 ,NOR? ,AM]ICAN AN>*I/S HAVE NO COMPELL+ REASON TO BELIEVE ?AT :AT'S NEV] WORK$ = US BE=E W\LD WORK IF WE TRI$ IT N[4 ,IT IS NOT AS IF !SE ORGANIZ+ EF=TS >E 9DISP5SABLE TO ACCOMPLI% EV5 :AT LITTLE WE >E ALREADY ACCOMPLI%+4 ,MO/LY :AT WE >E ACCOMPLI%+ IS PUBLI%+4 ,AFT] ! ,A,C,F FELL AP>T1 ! COLLECTIVE :I* HAD BE5 RESPONSIBLE = PRODUC+ ITS NEWSPAP] ,/RIKE6 CONT9U$ TO DO SO ON ITS [N = SOME YE>S4 ,AN ORGANIZATION MAY NE$ A NEWSPAP]1 BUT A NEWSPAP] MAY NOT NE$ AN ORGANIZATION 7,BLACK #a#i#i#b3 #a#i#b74 ,9 ! CASE ( ,LOVE @& ,RAGE1 ! NEWSPAP] PREC$$ :AT LITTLE !RE IS TO ITS CONT95TAL ORGANIZATION4 ,SELF-REPORTS & O!R REPORTS ( AN>*I/ BURN\T )9 LEFTI/ ANTI-AU?ORIT>IAN COLLECTIVES AB\ND 7,NO ,MIDDLE ,GR\ND1 ,PROCESS$ ,WORLD1 ,OP5 ,ROAD1 ,BLACK ,ROSE ,BOOKS1 ,SABOTAGE ,BOOK/ORE1 ETC474 ,!SE >E1 = AN>*I/S1 USUALLY IDEOLOGICAL KILL+-FIELDS4 ,IRONICALLY1 ! ALLEG$LY ANTI-ORGANIZATIONAL COLLECTIVES1 SU* AS ,AUTONOM$IA & ! ,FIF? ,E/ATE1 HAVE \TLA/$ MO/ ( ! ORGANIZATIONAL ONES4 ,C\LD IT BE ?AT ! ORGANIZ]-TYPES >E TOO 9DIVIDUALI/IC TO GET ALONG ) EA* O!R8 

,FROM 3 ,!,AN>*I/,LIBR>Y4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
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,NOVEMB] #b#i1 #bb 3 ,*APT] #d -- ,ADD$4 

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