,*APT] #ac - ,H[ ,DEVIANT ,D>E ,Y\ ,GET8 

#aiifaiif 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,COL9 ,W>D 

,TEXT 3 

,*APT] ,X,I,I,I4 ,H[ ,DEVIANT ,D>E ,Y\ ,GET8 

  
  

,9 A FREE SOCIETY Y\ W\LD HAVE TO COME TO T]MS ) Y\RSELF & ) O!RS LIKE Y\RSELF1 ) ! MAN :O BACKS HIS C> 9TO Y\RS1 ) ! MAN NEXT DOOR :O HAS TO FE$ ?REE TIMES AS MANY M\?S AS Y\ DO1 ) ! DRUNKS :O GET 9TO Y\R G>D54 ,Y\ W\LD HAVE TO SORT ?+S \T ) !M Y\RSELF1 9/EAD ( HAV+ SOCIAL WORK]S OR POLITICAL P>TIES OR POLICEM5 OR %OP /EW>DS TO DO ! JOB = Y\1 & 9 ! PROCESS Y\ W\LD BE =C$ TO FACE UP TO :AT SORT ( P]SON Y\ Y\RSELF REALLY W]E4  
  
  

,PET] ,BR[N1 ,SMALLCREEP'S ,DAY 

,EV]Y AN>*I/ PROPAG&I/ W\LD AGREE ?AT ! ASPECT ( AN>*I/ IDEAS ( SOCIAL ORGANIZATION :I* PEOPLE F9D H>DE/ TO SWALL[ IS ! AN>*I/ REJECTION ( ! LAW1 ! LEGAL SY/EM & ! AG5CIES ( LAW-5=CEM5T4 ,!Y MAY RUEFULLY AGREE ) \R CRITICISM ( ! ME?ODS ( ! POLICE1 ! FALLIBILITY ( ! C\RTS1 LAWY]S & JUDGES1 ! B>B>ITY ( ! P5AL SY/EM & ! FATUITY ( ! LEGISLATURE4 ,BUT !Y REMA9 SKEPTICAL AB\T ! IDEA ( A SOCIETY 9 :I* ! PROTECTION (F]$ BY ! LAW IS ABS5T1 & UNCONV9C$ ?AT !RE >E ALT]NATIVES MORE DESIRABLE ?AN '! RULE ( LAW' :I*1 ) ALL ITS ADMITT$ FAIL+S1 IMP]FECTIONS & ABUSES1 IS REG>D$ AS A PRECI\S A*IEVEM5T ( CIVILIZ$ SOCIETY & ! BE/ GU>ANTEE ( ! LIB]TY ( ! 9DIVIDUAL CITIZ54 

,MAYBE WE >E NOT WORRI$ BY ! M+L$ 9CR$ULITY & BEWILD]M5T :I* MEETS \R BL& DECL>ATION ?AT SOCIETY %\LD DO AWAY ) ! POLICE & ! LAW2 P]HAPS WE >E P]FECTLY SATISFI$ TO CONTEMPLATE \R [N FEEL+ ?AT WE CAN DO )\T !M2 OR P]HAPS WE JU/ 5JOY A S5SE ( REVOLUTION>Y RECTITUDE & SUP]IORITY BY D]ID+ !M4 ,BUT IT IS \R FELL[-CITIZ5S ?AT WE HAVE TO CONV9CE IF WE >E REALLY CONC]N$ ) GA9+ ACCEPTANCE = ! AN>*I/ PO9T ( VIEW4 

,! *>ACT]I/IC AN>*I/ ANSW] TO ! QUE/ION ( H[ AN AN>*I/ SOCIETY W\LD COPE ) CRIM9AL ACTS RUNS SOME?+ LIKE ?IS3 7A7 MO/ CRIMES >E ( !FT 9 ONE =M OR ANO!R1 & 9 A SOCIETY 9 :I* REAL PROP]TY & PRODUCTIVE PROP]TY W]E COMMUNALLY HELD & P]SONAL PROP]TY %>$ \T ON A MORE EQUITABLE BASIS1 ! 9C5TIVE = !FT W\LD DISAPPE>2 7B7 CRIMES ( VIOL5CE NOT ORIG9AT+ 9 !FT W\LD DW9DLE AWAY S9CE A G5U9ELY P]MISSIVE & NONCOMPETITIVE SOCIETY W\LD NOT PRODUCE P]SONALITIES PRONE TO VIOL5CE2 7C7 MOTOR+ (F5SES W\LD NOT PRES5T ! PROBLEMS ?AT !Y DO N[ BECAUSE PEOPLE W\LD BE MORE SOCIALLY CONSCI\S & RESPONSIBLE1 W\LD T5D TO USE PUBLIC TRANSPORT :5 ! PRIVATE C> HAD LO/ ITS /ATUS1 & 9 A MORE LEISUR$ SOCIETY W\LD LOSE ! PA?OLOGICAL LOVE ( SPE$ & AGGRESSIV5ESS ?AT Y\ SEE ON ! ROADS TODAY2 7D7 9 A DEC5TRALIZ$ SOCIETY VA/ URBAN CONGLOM]ATIONS W\LD CEASE TO EXI/ & PEOPLE W\LD BE MORE CONSID]ATE & CONC]N$ = !IR NEI<BORS4 ,BUT ! DIFFICULTY AB\T ?IS K9D ( >GUM5T IS ?AT IT BR+S ! OBVI\S RESPONSE ?AT IT CALLS = A NEW K9D ( HUMAN BE+1 A SOCIAL P>AGON ( A K9D WE DO NOT (T5 MEET 9 REAL LIFE4 ,NO1 REPLIES ! AN>*I/1 IT CALLS = A DIFF]5T K9D ( HUMAN 5VIRONM5T1 ! K9D ?AT WE >E SEEK+ TO BUILD4 ,BUT ! TR\BLE IS1 AS AN ,AM]ICAN CRIM9OLOGI/1 ,PAUL ,TAPPAN1 PUT IT1 ?AT AS A SOCIETY WE PREF] ! SOCIAL PROBLEMS ?AT SURR\ND US 0TO ! CONSEQU5CES ( DELIB]ATE & H]OIC EF=TS SO DRA/ICALLY TO *ANGE ! CULTURE ?AT MAN C\LD LIVE 9 UNCOMPLICAT$ ADJU/M5T TO AN UNCOMPLICAT$ WORLD04 

,ANY /&>D DEF9ITION ( ! CONCEPTS ( LAW1 CRIME & LAW-5=CEM5T WILL 9DICATE ?AT !Y >E 9COMPATIBLE ) ! IDEA ( AN>*Y3  
  

,LAW3 ,! EXPRESS$ WILL ( ! /ATE4 ,A COMM& OR A PROHIBITION EMANAT+ FROM ! AU?ORIZ$ AG5CIES ( ! /ATE1 & BACK$ UP BY ! AU?ORITY & ! CAPACITY TO EX]CISE =CE :I* IS *>ACT]I/IC ( ! /ATE 444 

,CRIME3 ,A VIOLATION ( ! CRIM9AL LAW1 I4E4 A BREA* ( ! CONDUCT CODE SPECIFICALLY SANCTION$ BY ! /ATE1 :I* ?R\< ITS LEGISLATIVE AG5CIES DEF9ES CRIMES & !IR P5ALTIES1 & ?R\< ITS ADM9I/RATIVE AG5CIES PROSECUTES (F5D]S & IMPOSES & ADM9I/]S PUNI%M5TS4 

,POLICE3 ,AG5TS ( ! LAW *>G$ ) ! RESPONSIBILITY ( MA9TA9+ LAW & ORD] AMONG ! CITIZ5S4.<#a#f#a.>  
  

,IT IS POSSIBLE1 ( C\RSE1 TO RE-DEF9E ! CONCEPT ( LAW 9 A NON-LEGALI/IC S5SE3 9 ! S5SE ( COMMON LAW1 ! EMBODIM5T ( PREEXI/+ SOCIAL CU/OM1 OR 9 A LOOS] SOCIOLOGICAL S5SE AS ! :OLE BODY ( RULES ( ALL SORTS ?AT EXI/ 9 A SOCIETY2 & IT IS POSSIBLE TO RE-DEF9E ! CONCEPT ( CRIMES AS ANTI-SOCIAL ACTS -- :E!R OR NOT !Y >E ILLEGAL ACTS4 ,! N9ETE5?-C5TURY CRIM9OLOGI/1 ,G>(ALLO1 5L>G$ ! DEF9ITION ( CRIME TO 0ANY ACTION :I* GOES AGA9/ ! PREVAL5T NORMS ( PROBITY & COMPASSION01 & HIS MOD]N SUCCESSOR ,E4 ,H4 ,SU!RL&1 9 HIS /UDY ( :ITE-COLL> CRIME1 9SI/$ ?AT 0LEGAL CLASSIFICATION %\LD NOT CONF9E ! WORK ( ! CRIM9OLOGI/ & HE %\LD BE COMPLETELY FREE TO PU% ACROSS ! B>RI]S ( DEF9ITION :5 HE SEES NON-CRIM9AL BEHAVIOR :I* RESEMBLES CRIM9AL BEHAVIOR04 7,ALEX ,COM=T HAS DONE ?IS BRILLIANTLY FROM ! AN>*I/ /&PO9T 9 HIS CA/IGATION ( LAWMAK]S & P[]-SEEK]S 9 ,AU?ORITY & ,DELIQU5CY 9 ! ,MOD]N ,/ATE47 

,ON ! O!R H& IT IS SC>CELY POSSIBLE = US TO RE-DEF9E ! POLICE1 ! AG5TS ( LAW-5=CEM5T1 9 A WAY ?AT IS %ORN ( AU?ORIT>IAN CONNOTATIONS4 ,OBVI\SLY 9 \R SOCIETY ! POLICE FULFILL C]TA9 SOCIAL FUNCTIONS1 BUT EV]YONE WILL AGREE ?AT !IR PRIM>Y PURPOSE IS TO FULFILL  
GOV]NM5TAL FUNCTIONS4 ,JOHN ,COATMAN'S VOLUME ,! ,POLICE 9 ! ,HOME ,UNIV]SITY ,LIBR>Y1 = 9/ANCE1 DECL>ES ?AT \R POLICE SY/EM IS 0! PI? & M>R[ ( ! ,5GLI% CONDUCT ( GOV]NM5T0 & ?AT ! POLICEMAN !MSELVES >E ! 0GU>DIANS ( ! E/ABLI%$ SY/EM ( GOV]NM5T04 ,) :I* WE W\LD ALL AGREE4 

,NO1 !RE IS NO NON-AU?ORIT>IAN EQUIVAL5T = ! POLICEMAN1 EXCEPT = ! CONCEPT :I* WE W\LD N[ CALL 0SOCIAL CONTROL01 ( ! MEANS BY :I* 9DIVIDUALS & COMMUNITIES MAY PROTECT !MSELVES FROM ANTI-SOCIAL ACTS4 ,?IS CONCEPT FIR/ APPE>$ 9 AN>*I/ ?\<T 9 ,GODW9'S ,POLITICAL ,JU/ICE :]E1 ADOPT+ ! DEC5TRALI/ APPROA* TO ! QUE/ION1 HE DECL>$3 0,IF COMMUNITIES 444 W]E CONT5T$ ) A SMALL DI/RICT1 ) A PROVISO ( CONF$]ATION 9 CASES ( NECESSITY1 EV]Y 9DIVIDUAL W\LD !N LIVE 9 ! PUBLIC EYE2 & ! DISAPPROBATION ( HIS NEI<BORS1 A SPECIES ( CO]CION1 NOT D]IV$ FROM ! CAPRICE ( M5 BUT FROM ! SY/EM ( ! UNIV]SE1 W\LD 9EVITABLY OBLIGE HIM EI!R TO RE=M OR TO EMIGRATE40.<#a#f#b.> ,MANY PEOPLE1 ,I FE>1 ESPECIALLY ?OSE :O HAVE EXP]I5CE ( LIV+ UND] ! C5SORI\S EYES ( NEI<BORS 9 A VILLAGE1 W\LD F9D ?IS A RA!R UNATTRACTIVE WAY ( 9HIBIT+ ANTI-SOCIAL BEHAVIOR1 & BECAUSE IT ALSO 9HIBITS MANY O!R V>IETIES ( NON-CON=M+ BEHAVIOR AS WELL1 W\LD PREF] ! ANONYM\S CITY LIFE4 

,?IS 9SI/5CE ON A MORE CLOSELY-KNIT COMMUNITY AS ! MEANS BY :I* SOCIETY CAN 0CONTA90 ANTI-SOCIAL ACTS RECURS TIME & AGA9 9 ! WRIT+S ( ,KROPOTK91 :O ( ALL ! CLASSICAL AN>*I/ ?9K]S DEVOT$ MO/ CONSID]ATION TO ! QUE/ION ( CRIME1 ! LAW & ! P5AL SY/EM3  
  

,( C\RSE 9 EV]Y SOCIETY1 NO MATT] H[ WELL ORGANIZ$1 PEOPLE WILL BE F\ND ) EASILY >\S$ PASSIONS1 :O MAY1 FROM TIME TO TIME1 COMMIT ANTI-SOCIAL DE$S4 ,BUT :AT IS NECESS>Y TO PREV5T ?IS IS TO GIVE !IR PASSIONS A HEAL?Y DIRECTION1 ANO!R \TLET4 

,TODAY WE LIVE TOO ISOLAT$4 ,PRIVATE PROP]TY HAS L$ US TO AN EGOTI/IC 9DIVIDUALISM 9 ALL \R MUTUAL RELATIONS4 ,WE KN[ ONE ANO!R ONLY SLI<TLY2 \R PO9TS ( CONTACT >E TOO R>E4 ,BUT WE HAVE SE5 9 HI/ORY EXAMPLES ( A COMMUNAL LIFE :I* IS MORE 9TIMATELY B\ND TOGE!R -- ! 0COMPOSITE FAMILY0 9 ,*9A1 ! AGR>IAN COMMUNES1 = EXAMPLE4 ,!RE PEOPLE REALLY KN[ ONE ANO!R4 ,BY =CE ( CIRCUM/ANCES !Y MU/ AID ONE ANO!R MAT]IALLY & MORALLY4 

,FAMILY LIFE1 BAS$ ON ! ORIG9AL COMMUNITY1 HAS DISAPPE>$4 ,A NEW FAMILY1 BAS$ ON COMMUNITY ( ASPIRATIONS1 WILL TAKE ITS PLACE4 ,9 ?IS FAMILY PEOPLE WILL BE OBLIG$ TO KN[ ONE ANO!R1 TO AID ONE ANO!R & TO LEAN ON ONE ANO!R = MORAL SUPPORT ON EV]Y OCCASION4 ,& ?IS MUTUAL PROP WILL PREV5T ! GREAT NUMB] ( ANTI-SOCIAL ACTS :I* WE SEE TODAY4.<#a#f#c.>  
  

,! CONCEPT WAS FIR/ GIV5 ! NAME SOCIAL CONTROL BY ,$W>D ,ALLSWOR? ,ROSS 9 A BOOK ( ?AT NAME PUBLI%$ 9 #a#i#a1 9 :I* HE CIT$ 9/ANCES ( 0FRONTI]0 SOCIETIES :]E1 ?R\< UNORGANIZ$ OR 9=MAL MEASURES1 ORD] IS EFFECTIVELY MA9TA9$ )\T B5EFIT ( LEGALLY CON/ITUT$ AU?ORITY3 0,SYMPA?Y1 SOCIABILITY1 ! S5SE ( JU/ICE & RES5TM5T >E COMPET5T1 UND] FAVORABLE CIRCUM/ANCES01 WROTE ,ROSS1 0TO WORK \T BY !MSELVES A TRUE1 NATURAL ORD]1 ?AT IS TO SAY1 AN ORD] )\T DESIGN OR >T40 ,TODAY ! T]M SOCIAL CONTROL HAS BE5 EXT5D$ TO REF] TO 0! AGGREGATE ( VALUES & NORMS BY MEANS ( :I* T5SIONS & CONFLICTS BETWE5 9DIVIDUALS & GR\PS >E RESOLV$ OR MITIGAT$ 9 ORD] TO MA9TA9 ! SOLID>ITY ( SOME MORE 9CLUSIVE GR\P1 & ALSO TO ! >RANGEM5TS ?R\< :I* !SE VALUES & NORMS >E COMMUNICAT$ & 9/ILL$ 444 ,SOCIAL CONTROL AS ! REGULATION ( BEHAVIOR BY VALUES & NORMS IS TO BE CONTRA/$ ) REGULATION BY =CE4 ,!SE TWO MODES >E NOT1 ( C\RSE1 5TIRELY SEP>ABLE 9 ACTUAL SOCIAL LIFE 444 ,BUT ! DI/9CTION IS VALUABLE & IMPORTANT40.<#a#f#d.> 

,GEORGE ,C4 ,HOMANS 9 ,! ,HUMAN ,GR\P PUTS ! DI/9CTION ?US3 0,! PROCESS BY :I* CON=MITY IS A*IEV$ WE CALL SOCIAL CONTROL IF WE >E ?9K+ ( COMPLIANCE ) NORMS1 OR AU?ORITY IF WE >E ?9K+ ( OB$I5CE TO ORD]S40 ,IT IS ! SIZE & SCALE ( ! COMMUNITY :I*1 9 ! OP9ION ( ! SOCIOLOGI/S1 DIM9I%ES ! EFFECTIV5ESS ( SOCIAL CONTROL3 0,IT IS ONLY AS GR\PS GR[ L>GE1 & COME TO BE COMPOS$ ( 9DIVIDUALS ) CONFLICT+ MORAL /&>DS1 ?AT 9=MAL CONTROLS YIELD PRIORITY TO ?OSE ?AT >E =MAL1 SU* AS LAWS & CODES40.<#a#f#e.> 

,ONE ( ! FEW OBS]V]S ( MOD]N CITY LIFE TO ?9K AB\T ! WAY SOCIAL CONTROL ACTUALLY OP]ATES 9 ! CONTEMPOR>Y URBAN 5VIRONM5T IS ,JANE ,JACOBS1 :O DISCUSSES ! FUNCTION ( /REETS & !IR PAVEM5TS OR SIDEWALKS 9 !SE T]MS3  
  

,TO KEEP ! CITY SAFE IS A FUNDAM5TAL TASK ( A CITY'S /REETS & ITS SIDEWALKS 444 ,GREAT CITIES 444 DIFF] FROM T[NS & SUBURBS 9 BASIC WAYS1 & ONE ( !SE IS ?AT CITIES >E1 BY DEF9ITION1 FULL ( /RANG]S 444 

,! B$ROCK ATTITUDE ( A SUCCESSFUL CITY DI/RICT IS ?AT A P]SON MU/ FEEL P]SONALLY SAFE & SECURE ON ! /REET AMONG ALL ?OSE /RANG]S4 ,HE MU/ NOT FEEL AUTOMATICALLY M5AC$ BY !M 444 ,! FIR/ ?+ TO UND]/& IS ?AT ! PUBLIC PEACE -- ! SIDEWALK & /REET PEACE -- ( CITIES IS NOT KEPT PRIM>ILY BY ! POLICE1 NECESS>Y AS ! POLICE >E4 ,IT IS KEPT PRIM>ILY BY AN 9TRICATE1 ALMO/ UNCONSCI\S1 NETWORK ( VOLUNT>Y CONTROLS & /&>DS AMONG ! PEOPLE !MSELVES1 & 5=C$ BY ! PEOPLE !MSELVES4 ,9 SOME CITY >EAS -- OLD] PUBLIC H\S+ PROJECTS & /REETS ) A V]Y HI< POPULATION TURNOV] >E (T5 CONSPICU\S EXAMPLES - ! KEEP+ ( PUBLIC SIDEWALK LAW & ORD] IS LEFT ALMO/ 5TIRELY TO ! POLICE & SPECIAL GU>DS4 ,SU* PLACES >E JUNGLES4 ,NO AM\NT ( POLICE CAN 5=CE CIVILIZATION :]E ! NORMAL1 CASUAL 5=CEM5T ( IT HAS BROK5 D[N4.<#a#f#f.>  
  

,H] PO9T IS ?AT ! POPUL\S /REET HAS AN UNCONSCI\S DO-IT-Y\RSELF SURVEILLANCE SY/EM ( EYES 9 ! /REET1 ! EYES ( ! RESID5TS & ! US]S ( %OPS1 CAFES1 NEWS-/&S & SO ON3  
  

,SAFETY ON ! /REETS BY SURVEILLANCE & MUTUAL POLIC+ ( ONE ANO!R S\NDS GRIM1 BUT 9 REAL LIFE IT IS NOT GRIM4 ,! SAFETY ( ! /REETS WORKS BE/1 MO/ CASUALLY1 & ) LEA/ FREQU5T TA9T ( SUSPICION OR HO/ILITY PRECISELY :]E PEOPLE >E US+ & MO/ 5JOY+ ! CITY /REETS VOLUNT>ILY & >E LEA/ CONSCI\S1 NORMALLY1 ?AT !Y >E POLIC+ 444 

,9 SETTLEM5TS ?AT >E SMALL] & SIMPL] ?AN BIG CITIES1 CONTROLS ON ACCEPTABLE PUBLIC BEHAVIOR1 IF NOT ON CRIME1 SEEM TO OP]ATE ) GREAT] OR LESS] SUCCESS ?R\< A WEB ( REPUTATION1 GOSSIP1 APPROVAL1 DISAPPROVAL & SANCTIONS1 ALL ( :I* >E P[]FUL IF PEOPLE KN[ EA* O!R & WORDS TRAVEL ,BUT A CITY'S /REETS1 :I* MU/ CONTROL NOT ONLY ! BEHAVIOR ( ! PEOPLE ( ! CITY BUT ALSO ( VISITORS FROM SUBURBS & T[NS :O WANT TO HAVE A BIG TIME AWAY FROM ! GOSSIP & SANCTIONS AT HOME1 HAVE TO OP]ATE BY MORE DIRECT1 /RAI<T=W>D ME?ODS4 ,IT IS A WOND] CITIES HAVE SOLV$ SU* AN 9H]5TLY DIFFICULT PROBLEM AT ALL4 ,& YET 9 MANY /REETS !Y DO IT MAGNIFIC5TLY4.<#a#f#g.>  
  

,! ,5GLI% READ] ( ,MRS ,JACOBS' BOOK WILL BY N[ NO LONG] BE AMAZ$ BY H] ASSUMPTION ( ! 9SECURITY ( ! ,AM]ICAN CITIZ5 9 PUBLIC PLACES FROM 0RAPE1 MUGG+S1 BEAT+S1 HOLDUPS & ! LIKE04 ,TODAY1 %E DECL>ES1 0B>B>ISM HAS TAK5 OV] MANY CITY /REETS1 OR PEOPLE FE> IT HAS1 :I* COMES TO MU* ! SAME ?+ 9 ! 5D04 ,9 SPITE ( H] FAI? 9 ! EFFECTIV5ESS ( 9=MAL SOCIAL CONTROL1 NO?+ IS GO+ TO DE/ROY H] BELIEF 9 ! NECESSITY ( ! POLICE4 ,! T]RIFY+ BREAKD[N ( SOCIAL COHESION 9 ! ,AM]ICAN CITY1 9 SPITE ( 9T5SE 9/ITUTIONALIZ$ POLICE SURVEILLANCE EQUIPP$ ) EV]Y SOPHI/ICAT$ AID TO PUBLIC CONTROL1 ILLU/RATES ?AT SOCIAL BEHAVIOR DEP5DS UPON MUTUAL RESPONSIBILITY RA!R ?AN UPON ! POLICEMAN4 ,! MO/ HONE/ & UNEQUIVOCAL ATTEMPT TO GRASP ?IS P>TICUL> NETTLE FROM ! AN>*I/ PO9T ( VIEW COMES FROM ,]RICO ,MALATE/A3  
  

,?IS NECESS>Y DEF5SE AGA9/ ?OSE :O VIOLATE1 NOT ! /ATUS QUO1 BUT ! DEEPE/ FEEL+S :I* DI/+UI% MAN FROM ! BEA/S1 IS ONE ( ! PRETEXTS BY :I* GOV]NM5TS JU/IFY !IR EXI/5CE4 ,WE MU/ ELIM9ATE ALL ! SOCIAL CAUSES ( CRIME1 WE MU/ DEVELOP 9 MAN BRO!RLY FEEL+S1 & MUTUAL RESPECT2 WE MU/1 AS ,F\RI] PUT IT1 SEEK USEFUL ALT]NATIVES TO CRIME4 ,BUT IF1 & SO LONG AS1 !RE >E CRIM9ALS1 EI!R PEOPLE WILL F9D ! MEANS1 & HAVE ! 5]GY1 TO DEF5D !MSELVES DIRECTLY AGA9/ !M1 OR ! POLICE & ! MAGI/RATURE WILL REAPPE>1 & ) !M1 GOV]NM5T4 ,WE DO NOT SOLVE A PROBLEM BY D5Y+ ITS EXI/5CE 444 

,WE CAN1 ) JU/IFICATION1 FE> ?AT ?IS NECESS>Y DEF5SE AGA9/ CRIME C\LD BE ! BEG9N+ (1 & ! PRETEXT =1 A NEW SY/EM ( OPPRESSION & PRIVILEGE4 ,IT IS ! MISSION ( ! AN>*I/S TO SEE ?AT ?IS DOES NOT HAPP54 ,BY SEEK+ ! CAUSES ( EA* CRIME & MAK+ EV]Y EF=T TO ELIM9ATE !M2 BY MAK+ IT IMPOSSIBLE = ANYONE TO D]IVE P]SONAL ADVANTAGE \T ( ! DETECTION ( CRIME1 & BY LEAV+ IT TO ! 9T]E/$ GR\PS !MSELVES TO TAKE :ATEV] /EPS !Y DEEM NECESS>Y = !IR DEF5SE2 BY ACCU/OM+ \RSELVES TO CONSID] CRIM9ALS AS BRO!RS :O HAVE /RAY$1 AS SICK PEOPLE NE$+ LOV+ TREATM5T1 AS ONE W\LD = ANY VICTIM ( HYDROPHOBIA OR DANG]\S LUNATIC -- IT WILL BE POSSIBLE TO RECONCILE ! COMPLETE FRE$OM ( ALL ) DEF5SE AGA9/ ?OSE :O OBVI\SLY & DANG]\SLY ?REAT5 IT 444 

,= US ! C>RY+ \T ( SOCIAL DUTIES MU/ BE A VOLUNT>Y ACT1 & WE ONLY HAVE ! RI<T TO 9T]V5E ) MAT]IAL =CE AGA9/ ?OSE :O (F5D AGA9/ O!RS VIOL5TLY & PREV5T !M FROM LIV+ 9 PEACE4 ,=CE1 PHYSICAL RE/RA9T1 MU/ ONLY BE US$ AGA9/ ATTACKS ( VIOL5CE & = NO O!R REASON ?AN ?AT ( SELF-DEF5SE4 ,BUT :O WILL JUDGE8 ,:O WILL PROVIDE ! NECESS>Y DEF5SE8 ,:O WILL E/ABLI% :AT MEASURES ( RE/RA9T >E TO BE US$8 ,WE DO NOT SEE ANY O!R WAY ?AN ?AT ( LEAV+ IT TO ! 9T]E/$ P>TIES1 TO ! PEOPLE1 ?AT IS ! MASS ( CITIZ5S1 :O WILL ACT DIFF]5TLY ACCORD+ TO ! CIRCUM/ANCES & ACCORD+ TO !IR DIFF]5T DEGREES ( SOCIAL DEVELOPM5T4 ,WE MU/1 ABOVE ALL1 AVOID ! CREATION ( BODIES SPECIALIZ+ 9 POLICE WORK2 P]HAPS SOME?+ WILL BE LO/ 9 REPRESSIVE EFFICI5CY BUT WE WILL AVOID ! CREATION ( ! 9/RUM5T ( EV]Y TYRANNY4 ,9 EV]Y RESPECT ! 9JU/ICE1 & TRANSITORY VIOL5CE ( ! PEOPLE IS BETT] ?AN ! LEAD5 RULE1 ! LEGALIZ$ /ATE VIOL5CE ( ! JUDICI>Y & POLICE4 ,WE >E1 9 ANY CASE1 ONLY ONE ( ! =CES ACT+ 9 SOCIETY1 & HI/ORY WILL ADVANCE1 AS ALWAYS1 9 ! DIRECTION ( ! RESULTANT ( ALL ! =CES4.<#a#f#h.>  
  

,?REE ?+S /& \T FROM ,MALATE/A'S OBS]VATIONS4 ,FIR/LY1 HE RECOGNIZ$ ?AT ANY & EV]Y DO-IT-Y\RSELF JU/ICE SY/EM W\LD HAVE A T5D5CY TO H>D5 9TO AN 9/ITUTION4 ,! DIFFICULTY IS ?AT ?IS MI<T V]Y WELL BE = V]Y GOOD REASONS3 ! ATTEMPT TO GIVE ! ACCUS$ A 0FAIR0' TRIAL 7= ,I TAKE IT ?AT ! RE/RA9T ( (F5D]S W\LD 9CLUDE SOME PROC$URE TO F9D \T :E!R ! ACCUS$ COMMITT$ ! (F5SE74 ,IF ! (F5D] IS TO BE MORE FAIRLY TREAT$ ?AN HE W\LD BE UND] EXI/+ SY/EMS ( JURISPRUD5CE1 C]TA9 SAFEGU>DS :I* EXI/ 9 ! PRES5T SY/EM MU/ SURVIVE 9 ANY AD HOC >RANGEM5T4 ,!RE MU/ BE RECOGNITION ( ! PR9CIPLE ( HABEAS CORPUS1 ! ACCUS$ MU/ BE TOLD :AT HE IS ACCUS$ (1 HE MU/ BE GIV5 FACILITIES TO DEF5D HIMSELF1 !RE MU/ BE G5]ALLY ACCEPT$ RULES ( EVID5CE1 & SO ON4 ,! HI/ORY ( REVOLUTION>Y REGIMES IS LITT]$ ) COMMITTEES ( PUBLIC SAFETY1 PEOPLE'S C\RTS & SIMIL> 0REVOLUTION>Y0 BODIES1 :I* HAVE TURN$ \T TO BE JU/ AS DUBI\S A PROPOSITION1 FROM ! PO9T ( VIEW ( ?OSE :O >E BR\<T BE=E !M1 AS ! B\RGEOIS 9/ITUTIONS !Y REPLAC$4 ,! MORE =TUNATE ( ! ,EA/ ,EUROPEAN C\NTRIES HAVE SL[LY RE9TRODUC$ 0,WE/]N0 JURIDICAL PR9CIPLES & SAFEGU>DS -- TO EV]YBODY'S RELIEF4 ,! PROBLEM 9 ,MALATE/A'S T]MS IS H[ TO BUILD !SE PR9CIPLES ( 0NATURAL JU/ICE0 9TO POPUL> BODIES :I* NEV]!LESS RETA9 AN IMP]MAN5T NON-9/ITUTIONAL *>ACT]4 

,! SECOND ?+ ?AT /&S \T 9 ! PASSAGE FROM ,MALATE/A IS HIS FAI? 9 0! PEOPLE02 A PO9T :I* ADV]S>IES W\LD GLEEFULLY TAKE UP1 DRAW+ ATT5TION TO ! FACT ?AT HE IS PRESUPPOS+ A DIFF]5T K9D ( PEOPLE4 ,WE KN[ ?AT \R 0PEOPLE0 >E AS V9DICTIVE AS \R JUDGES4 ,?REE-QU>T]S ( ! POPULATION ( ,BRITA9 >E SAID TO FAVOR ! RE9TRODUCTION ( CAPITAL PUNI%M5T1 & AN EV5 L>G] PROPORTION ! RE-9TRODUCTION ( FLOGG+ & BIR*+4 ,H]E WE >E AT ! CRUX ( ! DIFFICULTY :I* WE AN>*I/S HAVE 9 GETT+ \R IDEAS ON ?IS SUBJECT TAK5 S]I\SLY4 ,!RE SEEMS TO BE AN IMM5SE ANXIETY & FE> FLOAT+ >\ND 9 \R SOCIETY :I* IS \T ( PROPORTION TO ACTUAL DANG]S4 ,PEOPLE >E AFRAID ( DEF5SELESSNESS4 7,9 ANO!R FIELD ?IS EXPLA9S :Y PEOPLE CANNOT ACCEPT ! IDEA ( DIS>MAM5T -- !Y BELIEVE ?AT !Y >E ACTUALLY BE+ DEF5D$47 ,OBS]VATION ( ! G5]AL 9T5SE PREOCCUPATION & FASC9ATION ) CRIME C]TA9LY SEEMS TO BE> \T ! PSY*OANALYTICAL !ORY ?AT SOCIETY NOT ONLY MAKES ITS CRIM9ALS1 BUT ?AT IT NE$S !M1 & CONSEQU5TLY S$UCES ITS DEVIANT 9DIVIDUALS 9TO ! 0ACT+-\T0 ( CRIM9AL ROLES4 

0,SOCIETY01 WROTE ,PAUL ,REIWALD1 0OPPOS$ ! 9NOVATORS ) DET]M9$ RESI/ANCE 444 ,SOCIETY DID NOT WI% TO AB&ON ! PR9CIPLE ( AN EYE = AN EYE2 IT DID NOT WI% TO BE DEPRIV$ ( ITS LONG OBS]V$ RELATIONS TO ! CRIM9AL & IT DID NOT WI% TO HAVE ! 'CONTR>Y ONES' TAK5 FROM IT40.<#a#f#i.> ,RU? ,EISSL] EXPRESSES IT EV5 MORE DRAMATICALLY3 0,SOCIETY1 BY US+ ITS CRIM9ALS AS SCAPEGOATS & BY TRY+ TO DE/ROY !M BECAUSE IT IS UNABLE TO BE> ! REFLECTION ( ITS [N GUILT1 ACTUALLY /ABS AT ITS [N HE>T40.<#a#g.> 

,OBVI\SLY SOME PEOPLE >E CONSPICU\SLY LACK+ 9 ?IS P5T-UP ANXIETY & GUILT1 ! K9D ( PEOPLE :O >E S+UL>LY SUCCESSFUL 9 SUPPORTIVE1 RA!R ?AN PUNITIVE1 WORK ) DEL9QU5TS OR DEVIANTS1 PEOPLE :O >E SUFFICI5TLY AT EASE ) !MSELVES TO COPE ) ! M5TAL /RA91 ! IRRITATION & TIME-CONSUM+ T$IUM :I* \R DEVIANTS FREQU5TLY IMPOSE ON US4 ,IF WE WANT TO *ANGE SOCIETY IT IS PROBABLY MORE IMPORTANT = US TO F9D \T :AT PRODUCES PEOPLE LIKE  
!M ?AN TO F9D \T :AT MAKES DEL9QU5TS4 ,?IS IS IMPORTANT = ! :OLE IDEA ( ! SOCIAL CONTROL ( ANTI-SOCIAL BEHAVIOR4 ,:AT IS ANTI-SOCIAL8 ,IF ?IS QUE/ION IS TO BE DECID$ BY A BUN* ( C5SORI\S BUSY-BODIES WE CAN WELL IMAG9E PEOPLE SAY+ 0,NO ?ANKS4 ,I'D RA!R HAVE ,! ,LAW40 ,!RE MU/ BE ROOM = DEVIANCE 9 SOCIETY1 & !RE MU/ BE SUPPORT = ! RI<T TO DEVIATE4 ,?IS1 ,I SUPPOSE1 IS ! BASIS ( ,DURKHEIM'S CELEBRAT$ OBS]VATION ?AT CRIME ITSELF IS A SOCIAL NORM1 0A FACTOR 9 PUBLIC HEAL?1 AN 9TEGRAL P>T ( ALL HEAL?Y SOCIETIES0 S9CE A CRIMELESS SOCIETY W\LD BE AN OSSIFI$ SOCIETY ) AN UNIMAG9ABLE DEGREE ( SOCIAL CON=MITY1 & ?AT 0CRIME IMPLIES NOT ONLY ?AT ! WAY REMA9S OP5 TO NECESS>Y *ANGES BUT ?AT 9 C]TA9 CASES IT PRECIPITATES !SE *ANGES04 ,AS AN>*I/S -- CRIM9ALS \RSELVES 9 SOME PEOPLE'S VIEW -- WE %\LD BE ! FIR/ TO APPRECIATE ?IS4 

,& ?IS BR+S US TO ,MALATE/A'S F9AL PO9T1 HIS OBS]VATION ?AT 0WE >E1 9 ANY CASE1 ONLY ONE ( ! =CES ACT+ 9 SOCIETY04 ,IT IS NOT A MATT] ( A HYPO!TICAL AN>*I/ SOCIETY1 BUT ( ANY SOCIETY1 N[ OR 9 ! FUTURE1 :]E DIFF]5T SOCIAL PHILOSOPHIES & ATTITUDES COEXI/ & CONFLICT4 ,!RE WILL ALWAYS BE ANTI-SOCIAL ACTS1 & !RE WILL ALWAYS BE PEOPLE ) AN URGE TO PUNI%1 TO MA9TA9 A :OLE PUNITIVE MA*9]Y ) EV]Y?+ ?AT IT 5TAILS4 ,IF WE DO NOT DISCOV] & MAKE USE ( ME?ODS ( CONTA9+ SU* ACTS )9 SOCIETY OR ( EVOLV+ A =M ( SOCIETY CAPABLE ( CONTA9+ !M1 WE %ALL C]TA9LY CONT9UE TO BE ! VICTIMS ( ?OSE AU?ORIT>IAN SOLUTIONS :I* O!RS >E SO READY & EAG] TO APPLY4 

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