,9TRODUCTION TO ! ,SECOND ,$ITION 

#aiifaiif 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,COL9 ,W>D 

,TEXT 3 

,9TRODUCTION TO ! ,SECOND ,$ITION 

  
  

,! AN>*I/ MOVEM5T GR[S 9 TIMES ( POPUL> SELF-ACTIVITY1 FE$S IT & FE$S (F IT1 & DECL9ES :5 ?AT SELF-ACTIVITY DECL9ES444 ,! AN>*I/S 9 ,5GL& HAVE PAID = ! GAP BETWE5 !IR DAY-TO-DAY ACTIVITIES & !IR UTOPIAN ASPIRATIONS4 ,?IS GAP CONSI/S BASICALLY ( A LACK ( /RATEGY1 A LACK ( ABILITY TO ASSESS ! G5]AL SITUATION & 9ITIATE A G5]AL PROJECT :I* IS CONSI/5T ) ! AN>*I/S UTOPIA1 & :I* IS NOT ONLY CONSI/5T ) AN>*I/ TACTICS BUT 9SPIRES !M4  
  
  

,JOHN ,QUAIL1 ,! ,SL[ ,BURN+ ,FUZE3 

,! ,LO/ ,HI/ORY ( ! ,BRITI% ,AN>*I/S 7,PALAD9 #a#i#g#h7 

,AN>*ISM AS A POLITICAL & SOCIAL IDEOLOGY HAS TWO SEP>ATE ORIG9S4 ,IT CAN BE SE5 AS AN ULTIMATE D]IVATIVE ( LIB]ALISM OR AS A F9AL 5D = SOCIALISM4 ,9 EI!R CASE1 ! PROBLEMS ?AT FACE ! AN>*I/ PROPAG&I/ >E ! SAME4 ,! IDEAS HE IS PUTT+ =W>D >E SO MU* AT V>IANCE ) ORD9>Y POLITICAL ASSUMPTIONS1 & ! SOLUTIONS HE (F]S >E SO REMOTE1 !RE IS SU* A GAP BETWE5 :AT IS1 & :AT1 ACCORD+ TO ! AN>*I/1 MI<T BE1 ?AT HIS AUDI5CE CANNOT TAKE HIM S]I\SLY4 

,ONE ELEM5T>Y PR9CIPLE ( ATTEMPT+ TO TEA* ANYONE ANY?+ IS ?AT Y\ ATTEMPT TO BUILD ON ! COMMON F\NDATION ( COMMON EXP]I5CE & COMMON KN[L$GE4 ,?AT IS ! 9T5TION ( ! PRES5T VOLUME4 

,?IS BOOK WAS COMMISSION$ BY ! PUBLI%]S ,ALL5 & ,UNW9 & ORIG9ALLY APPE>$ FROM !M 9 #a#i#g#c1 & WAS SUBSEQU5TLY PUBLI%$ 9 ,AM]ICA &1 9 TRANSLATION1 9 ,DUT*1 ,ITALIAN1 ,SPANI% & ,JAPANESE4 ,IT WAS NOT 9T5D$ = PEOPLE :O HAD SP5T A LIFE-TIME POND]+ ! PROBLEMS ( AN>*ISM1 BUT = ?OSE :O EI!R HAD NO IDEA ( :AT ! WORD IMPLI$1 OR :O KNEW EXACTLY :AT IT IMPLI$1 & HAD REJECT$ IT1 CONSID]+ ?AT IT HAD NO RELEVANCE = ! MOD]N WORLD4 

,MY ORIG9AL PREF]5CE AS A TITLE WAS ! MORE CUMB]SOME BUT MORE ACCURATE 0,AN>*ISM AS A !ORY ( ORGANIZATION01 BECAUSE AS ,I URGE 9 MY PREFACE1 ?AT IS :AT ! BOOK IS AB\T4 ,IT IS NOT AB\T /RATEGIES = REVOLUTION & IT IS NOT 9VOLV$ ) SPECULATION ON ! WAY AN AN>*I/ SOCIETY W\LD FUNCTION4 ,IT IS AB\T ! WAYS 9 :I* PEOPLE ORGANIZE  
!MSELVES 9 ANY K9D ( HUMAN SOCIETY1 :E!R WE C>E TO CATEGORIZE ?OSE SOCIETIES AS PRIMITIVE1 TRADITIONAL1 CAPITALI/ OR COMMUNI/4 

,9 ?IS S5SE ! BOOK IS SIMPLY AN EXT5D$1 UPDAT+ FOOTNOTE TO ,KROPOTK9'S ,MUTUAL ,AID4 ,S9CE IT WAS WRITT5 ,I HAVE $IT$ = A MOD]N READ]%IP TWO O!R WORKS ( HIS1 & ,I AM B\ND TO SAY ?AT ! EXP]I5CE HAS 5HANC$ MY AGREEM5T ) ,GEORGE ,ORWELL'S CONCLUSION ?AT ,PET] ,KROPOTK9 WAS 0ONE ( ! MO/ P]SUASIVE ( AN>*I/ WRIT]S0 BECAUSE ( HIS 09V5TIVE & PRAGMATIC \TLOOK04 

,9 P>TICUL>1 AS AN AMPLIFICATION ( SOME ( ! IDEAS EXPRESS$ 9 ! PRES5T VOLUME1 ,I W\LD LIKE READ]S TO BE AW>E ( ! $ITION ,I PREP>$ ( HIS ,FIELDS1 ,FACTORIES & ,WORK%OPS 7,LONDON3 #a#i#g#d1 REPR9T$ ) ADDITIONAL MAT]IAL BY ,FRE$OM ,PRESS1 #a#i#h#e7 ,NEW ,YORK3 ,H>P] @& ,WID/R& #a#i#h74 ,ANYONE :O WANTS TO UND]/& ! REAL NATURE ( ! CRISIS ( ! ,BRITI% ECONOMY 9 ! N9ETE5-EI<TIES W\LD GA9 MORE 5LI<T5M5T FROM ,KROPOTK9'S ANALYSIS FROM ! EI<TE5- N9ETIES ?AN FROM ! CURR5T SPOKESM5 ( ANY ( ! POLITICAL P>TIES4 

,BUT IF ?IS BOOK IS JU/ A FOOTNOTE TO ,KROPOTK91 & IF IT IS OP5 TO ! SAME CRITICISM AS HIS BOOK 7?AT IT IS A SELECTIVE GA!R+ ( ANECDOTAL EVID5CE TO SUPPORT ! PO9TS ?AT ! AU?OR WANTS TO MAKE7 IT DOES ATTEMPT TO LOOK AT A V>IETY ( ASPECTS ( DAILY LIFE 9 ! LI<T ( TRADITIONAL AN>*I/ CONT5TIONS AB\T ! NATURE ( AU?ORITY & ! PROP5SITY = SELF-ORGANIZATION4 

,MANY YE>S ( ATTEMPT+ TO BE AN AN>*I/ PROPAG&I/ HAVE CONV9C$ ME ?AT WE W9 OV] \R FELL[ CITIZ5 TO AN>*I/ IDEAS1 PRECISELY ?R\< DRAW+ UPON ! COMMON EXP]I5CE ( ! 9=MAL1 TRANSI5T1 SELF-ORGANIZ+ NETWORKS ( RELATION%IPS ?AT 9 FACT MAKE ! HUMAN COMMUNITY POSSIBLE1 RA!R ?AN ?R\< ! REJECTION ( EXI/+ SOCIETY AS A :OLE 9 FAVOR ( SOME FUTURE SOCIETY :]E SOME DIFF]5T K9D ( HUMANITY WILL LIVE 9 P]FECT H>MONY4 

,S9CE ?IS $ITION IS A REPRODUCTION ( ! ORIG9AL TEXT1 MY PURPOSE H]E IS TO ADD A FEW COMM5TS & FUR!R REF]5CES1 BO? TO UPDATE IT & TO TAKE NOTE ( CRITICAL COMM5TS4 

,AN>*Y & ! ,/ATE 

  

,?IS IS A RE/ATEM5T ( ! CLASSICAL AN>*I/ CRITICISM ( GOV]NM5T & ! /ATE1 EMPHASIZ+ ! HI/ORICAL DIVISION BETWE5 AN>*ISM & ,M>XISM4 ,9 #a#h#d#h1 ! YE> ( ! ,COMMUNI/ ,MANIFE/O1 ,PR\DHON GAVE V5T TO AN UTT]ANCE ( M>VEL\S 9VECTIVE1 :I* ,I HAD MEANT TO 9CLUDE 9 ?IS *APT]3 

0,TO BE RUL$ IS TO BE KEPT AN EYE ON1 9SPECT$1 SPI$ ON1 REGULAT$1 9DOCTR9AT$1 S]MONIZ$1 LI/$ & *ECK$-(F1 E/IMAT$1 APPRAIS$1 C5SUR$1 ORD]$ AB\T1 BY CREATURES )\T KN[L$GE & )\T VIRTUES4 ,TO BE RUL$ IS1 AT EV]Y OP]ATION1 TRANSACTION1 MOVEM5T1 TO BE NOT$1 REGI/]$1 C\NT$1 PRIC$1 ADMONI%$1 PREV5T$1 RE=M$1 R$RESS$1 CORRECT$4 ,IT IS1 ON ! PRETEXT ( PUBLIC UTILITY & 9 ! NAME ( ! COMMON GOOD1 TO BE PUT UND] CONTRIBUTION1 PRESSUR$1 MY/IFI$1 ROBB$2 !N1 AT ! LEA/ RESI/ANCE & AT ! FIR/ H9T ( COMPLA9T1 REPRESS$1 F9$1 VILIFI$1 VEX$1 HUNT$1 EXASP]AT$1 KNOCK$-D[N1 DIS>M$1 G>ROT$1 IMPRISON$1 %OT1 GRAPE-%OT1 JUDG$1 CONDEMN$1 DEPORT$1 SACRIFIC$1 SOLD1 TRICK$2 & TO F9I% (F )1 HOAX$1 CALUMNIAT$1 DI%ONOR$4 ,SU* IS GOV]NM5T6 ,& TO ?9K ?AT !RE >E DEMOCRATS AMONG US :O CLAIM !RE'S SOME GOOD 9 GOV]NM5T60 

,?AT MU/ HAVE SEEM$ A LUDICR\S OV]-/ATEM5T 9 #a#i?-C5TURY ,FRANCE4 ,BUT W\LDN'T IT BE P]FECTLY COMPREH5SIBLE TO ANY CITIZ5 :O /EPS \T ( L9E 9 ANY ( ! TOTALIT>IAN REGIMES ( ! ,RI<T OR ,LEFT ?AT TODAY GOV]N ! GREAT] P>T ( ! WORLD8 ,AMONG ! ATTRIBUTES ( GOV]NM5T :I* ,PR\DHON DID NOT 9CLUDE 9 HIS LI/ ( HORRORS1 IS SY/EMATIC TORTURE1 A UNIQUE PR]OGATIVE ( GOV]NM5TS 9 ! #b? C5TURY4 

,:5 ?IS *APT] WAS PREVI\SLY PUBLI%$ 9 A SYMPOSIUM ON ,P>TICIPATORY ,DEMOCRACY ! $ITORS MADE COMM5TS :I* ,I F\ND BO? GRATIFY+ & SUGGE/IVE ( WAYS 9 :I* ITS !SIS C\LD BE EXT5D$4 ,!Y WROTE3 

0,! AN>*I/ CRITIQUE ( ! /ATE1 :I* HAS (T5 SEEM$ SIMPLI/IC1 IS H]E PRES5T$ 9 ONE ( ITS MO/ SOPHI/ICAT$ =MS4 ,H]E ! /ATE IS CONCEIV$ ( AS ! =MALIZATION -- & RIGIDIFICATION -- ( ! UNUS$ P[] ?AT ! SOCIAL ORD] HAS ABDICAT$4 ,9 ,AM]ICAN SOCIETY IT TAKES ! =M ( A COALITION ( POLITICAL1 MILIT>Y1 & 9DU/RIAL ELITES1 PREEMPT+ SPACE ?AT IS SIMPLY NOT OCCUPI$ BY ! RE/ ( SOCIETY4 

0,W>D BELIEVES ?AT ! /ATE REPRES5TS A K9D ( RELATION%IP BETWE5 PEOPLE :I* BECOMES =MALIZ$ 9TO A SET ( VE/$ 9T]E/S ?AT OP]ATES CONTR>Y TO ! 9T]E/S ( ! PEOPLE -- EV5 TO ! PO9T :]E IT EVALUATES ITS MEANS 9 T]MS ( MEGADEA?S4 ,ONE C\LD TAKE ! NUMB] ( PEOPLE EMPLOY$ DIRECTLY BY ! /ATE AS A FUNCTION ( TOTAL POPULATIONS1 ! AM\NT ( /ATE SP5D+ AS A FUNCTION ( TOTAL SP5D+ 79 SOCIALI/ /ATES ?IS W\LD REQUIRE C>EFUL FUNCTIONAL DEF9ITION ( :AT CON/ITUT$ ! DOMA9 ( ! /ATE AS OPPOS$ TO ! SOCIAL ORD]7 & 9 G5]AL COMP>E ! RES\RCE USE ( ! TWO >EAS4 ,ONE C\LD !N ANALYZE ! SOCIAL ORD] 9 T]MS ( DEGREE ( P>TICIPATION1 KEY DECISIONS 9VOLV+ UTILIZATION ( SOCIAL RES\RCES & :O MAKES !M4 ,/UDIES ( ! CORRELATIONS BETWE5 /ATE P[] & SOCIAL P>TICIPATION 9 V>I\S C\NTRIES W\LD V]IFY ,W>D'S !SIS3 ?OSE C\NTRIES ?AT >E TOP-HEAVY ) /ATE P[] >E ! C\NTRIES 9 :I* SOCIAL P>TICIPATION IS WEAK4 ,A MORE DEVA/AT+ CRITIQUE ( /ATISM C\LD PROBABLY NOT BE IMAG9$40 

,! ,!ORY ( ,SPONTANE\S ,ORD] 

  
,F,I,X,M,E !RE IS NO P4 #a#d#f1 EV5 9 ! SCAN  

,?IS *APT] DREW L>GELY ON POPUL> EXP]I5CE ( REVOLUTION>Y SITUATIONS1 ACTUAL OR POT5TIAL1 BE=E A ,NEW ,ORD] HAD FILL$ ! GAP OCCUPI$ BY ! OLD ORD]4 ,9 ADDITION TO ! WORKS CIT$ ON P4 #a#d#f1 SEV]AL MORE /UDIES ( ! ,SPANI% REVOLUTION ( #aicf HAVE BECOME AVAILABLE S9CE1 NOTABLY ! ,5GLI% TRANSLATION ( ,GA/ON ,LEVAL'S  
,COLLECTIVES 9 ! ,SPANI% ,REVOLUTION 7,FRE$OM ,PRESS #a#i#g#e74 

,TO ! EXP]I5CE ( ,HUNG>Y 9 #aief & ,CZE*OSLOVAKIA 9 #aifh MU/ BE ADD$ ?AT ( ,POL& 9 #a#i#h4 ,H[EV] ! /ORY 5DS1 ! A*IEVEM5TS ( ,SOLID>ITY 9 =C+ CONCESSIONS1 )\T LOSS ( LIFE1 ON A RUL+ BUREAUCRACY :I* HAD NOT HESITAT$ A DECADE E>LI] TO ORD] ITS =CES TO %OOT D[N /RIK+ WORK]S1 IS A REM>KABLE TRIUMPH ( WORK+-CLASS SELF ORGANIZATION4 

,! ,DISSOLUTION ( ,LEAD]%IP 

  
,H>MONY ,?R\< ,COMPLEXITY 

  
,TOPLESS ,F$]ATIONS 

  

,!SE ?REE *APT]S1 US+ NON-AN>*I/ S\RCES1 TRY TO SET \T ?REE KEY PR9CIPLES ( AN AN>*I/ !ORY ( ORGANIZATION3 ! CONCEPT ( LEAD]LESS GR\PS1 ! NOTION ?AT A HEAL?Y SOCIETY NE$S DIV]SITY RA!R ?AN UNITY1 & ! IDEA ( F$]ALI/ ORGANIZATIONS )\T A C5TRAL AU?ORITY4 ,A NUMB] ( MORE REC5T BOOKS RE9=CE ! EVID5CE = !SE *APT]S4 ,PR\DHON'S ,DU ,PR9CIPE ,F$]ATIF HAS AT LA/ BE5 PUBLI%$ 9 ,5GLI%4 7,TRANSLAT$ BY ,RI*>D ,V]NON1 ,UNIV]SITY ( ,TORONTO ,PRESS #a#i#g#i7 ,! 9F]5CES DRAWN FROM ! HI/ORY ( ,SWISS F$]ALISM >E 5HANC$ BY ,JONA?AN ,/E9B]G'S ,:Y ,SWITZ]L&8 7,CAMBRIDGE ,UNIV]SITY ,PRESS #a#i#g#f71 & ! AN?ROPOLOGICAL MAT]IAL ON /ATELESS SOCIETIES IS ADD$ TO 9 P>T FIVE ( ,KIRKPATRICK ,SALE'S ,HUMAN ,SCALE 7,SECK] @& ,W>BURG #a#i#h74 

,:O ,IS TO ,PLAN8 

  
,WE ,H\SE1 ,Y\ ,>E ,H\S$1 ,!Y ,>E ,HOMELESS 

  

,! >GUM5TS ( !SE TWO *APT]S >E SET \T AT MU* GREAT] L5G? 9 MY BOOKS ,T5ANTS ,TAKE ,OV] 7,>*ITECTURAL ,PRESS #a#i#g#d7 & ,TALK+ ,H\SES 7,FRE$OM ,PRESS #a#i#i7 AS WELL AS 9 ,JOHN ,TURN]'S ,H\S+ BY ,PEOPLE 7,M>ION ,BOY>S #a#i#g#f74 

,OP5 & ,CLOS$ ,FAMILIES 

  

,ONE REVIEW] CRITICIZ$ ?IS *APT] = ITS CLAIM ?AT ! REVOLUTION 9 SEXUAL BEHAVIOR 9 \R [N DAY IS AN ESS5TIALLY AN>*I/ REVOLUTION1 BECAUSE 9 HIS VIEW IT WAS SIMPLY A RESULT ( A *EMICO-TE*NICAL BREAK?R\<1 ! CONTRACEPTIVE PILL4 ,MY [N ,DUT* TRANSLATOR FELT ?AT IT WAS M>R$ BY AN ABS5CE ( APPRECIATION ( ! FEM9I/ PO9T ( VIEW4 ,I DON'T ?9K SO MYSELF1 BUT ,I DO ?9K ?AT ?IS *APT] JU/ SKATES OV] ! SURFACE ( ! DILEMMAS ( P]SONAL FRE$OM & P>5TAL RESPONSIBILITY4 ,AS ,%EILA ,R[BO?AM WROTE REC5TLY1 0,A CAMPAIGN = *ILD C>E :I* DEM&S ! LIB]ATION ( WOM5 & ! LIB]ATION ( *ILDR5 NOT ONLY REVEALS ! IMM$IATE T5SIONS BETWE5 ! TWO2 IT ALSO REQUIRES A SOCIETY BAS$ ON COOP]ATION & FREE ASSOCIATION40 

,S*OOLS ,NO ,LONG] 

  

,?IS *APT] NE$S NO UPDAT+1 BUT IS EXT5D$ TO SOME DEGREE BY A LECTURE ( M9E CALL$ 0,T[>DS A ,POOR ,S*OOL01 PUBLI%$ 9 ,TALK+ ,S*OOLS1 7,FRE$OM ,PRESS1 #a#i#i#e7 AS WELL AS BY ,*APT] #af ( MY BOOK ,! ,*ILD 9 ! ,CITY4 ,( ! V>I\S OCCUPATIONS 9 :I* ,I WORK$ = =TY YE>S1 TEA*+ IS ! ONLY ONE :I* ,I HAVE A GOV]NM5T LIC5SE TO P]=M4 ,I AM ! AU?OR ( SEV]AL S*OOL BOOKS1 & ! =M] DIRECTOR ( A ,S*OOLS ,C\NCIL PROJECT4 ,I AM EV5 A =M] BRAN* SECRET>Y ( ONE ( ! TEA*+ UNIONS4 ,YET ON EV]Y SIGNIFICANT ISSUE ,I HAVE F\ND MYSELF TOTALLY OPPOS$ TO ! VIEWS ( ! TEA*+ PR(ESSION4 ,IT S\<T1 & WON1 ! RAIS+ ( ! M9IMUM AGE LIMIT = COMPULSORY S*OOL+4 ,I FAVOR$ ITS ABOLITION4 ,IT WANTS TO ELIM9ATE ! 0PRIVATE SECTOR0 9 $UCATION1 :ILE ,I SEE IT AS ! ONE GU>ANTEE ?AT G5U9E RADICAL EXP]IM5T CAN HAPP54 ,IT OPPOSES ! AB&ONM5T ( ! LEGAL RI<T TO HIT *ILDR54 

,I AM WELL AW>E ?AT ! ORGANIZ$ OP9ION ( ! PR(ESSION IS NOT ! SAME AS ?AT ( 9DIVIDUAL TEA*]S4 ,I REV]E $UCATION4 ,I JU/ CAN'T /OMA* ! DREADFUL PRET5SIONS ( ! $UCATION 9DU/RY1 ESPECIALLY :5 COMP>$ ) ! RESULTS4 ,& ,I KN[ ?AT MY MISGIV+S AB\T $UCATION >E P>ALLEL$ BY A CONSID]ATION ( ANY O!R ASPECT ( ! CONTEMPOR>Y ,WE/-,EUROPEAN CORPORATE /ATE1 LIKE1 = EXAMPLE1 ! HEAL? S]VICE OR ! PUBLIC PROVISION ( H\S+4 

,NONE ( MY [N WRIT+S1 ALAS1 CAN BE SAID TO PROP\ND AN AN>*I/ !ORY ( $UCATION1 BUT !Y DO RAISE SOME ( ! IRONIES & P>ADOXES ( ATTEMPTS TO A*IEVE ECONOMIC EQUALITY OR SOCIAL *ANGE ?R\< ! MANIPULATION ( ! $UCATION SY/EM4 ,A BRAVE EF=T TO DRAW TOGE!R ! V>I\S /REAMS ( AN>*I/ IDEAS ON $UCATION IS MADE 9 ,JOEL ,H4 ,SPR+'S ,A ,PRIM] ( ,LIB]T>IAN ,$UCATION 7,NEW ,YORK3 ,FREE ,LIFE ,$ITIONS1 #a#i#g#e74 

,PLAY AS AN ,AN>*I/ ,P>ABLE 

  

,PLAY IS A P>ABLE ( AN>*Y1 S9CE IT IS AN >EA ( HUMAN ACTIVITY :I* IS SELF-*OS5 & SELF-DIRECT$1 BUT ?IS V]Y FACT LEADS TO A COMP>ISON ) WORK4  
 ,WORK IS   ,LEISURE IS   ,HAT$   ,5JOY$   ,LONG   ,BRIEF   ,= SOMEONE ELSE   ,= Y\RSELF   ,ESS5TIAL = LIVELIHOOD   ,9ESS5TIAL = LIVELIHOOD   ,CONC5TRAT$   ,AT Y\R [N PACE   ,= FIX$ H\RS   ,9 Y\R [N TIME   

,I QUOTE ?IS POL>IZATION FROM MY S*OOL BOOK ON ,WORK 7,P5GU9 ,$UCATION #a#i#g#b71 BECAUSE ANY DISCUSSION ( PLAY & ( LEISURE 7,BRITA9'S FA/E/-GR[+ 9DU/RY'7 LEADS TO A CONSID]ATION ( :AT IS WRONG ) PEOPLE'S WORK+ LIVES4 

,A ,SELF-,EMPLOY$ ,SOCIETY 

  

,?IS IS ! *APT] :I* IS MO/ 9 NE$ ( BR++ UP TO DATE1 BUT :I* HAS AN 5ORM\SLY RELEVANT TITLE4 ,READ]S DO NE$ REM9D+ ?AT = SEV]AL DECADES1 UNTIL ! #a#i#fS1 ! AN>*I/S 7AP>T FROM A FEW FAI?FUL /ALW>TS ( ! PRODUC] COOP]ATIVE MOVEM5T7 W]E VIRTUALLY ! ONLY PEOPLE PUBLI%+ PROPAG&A = WORK] SELF-MANAGEM5T 9 9DU/RY4 ,S9CE ?IS BOOK WAS FIR/ PUBLI%$ !RE HAVE BE5 A V>IETY ( NEW EXP]I5CES & NEW V5TURES1 & AN ABSOLUTE M\NTA9 ( NEW LIT]ATURE4 

,9 LEFT-W+ POLITICAL CIRCLES 9 ,BRITA91 = SIXTY YE>S1 ! DEM& = WORK]S' SELF-MANAGEM5T WAS REG>D$ AS A M>G9AL & DIV]SION>Y ISSUE COMP>$ ) ! DEM& = NATIONALIZATION1 ! UNIV]SAL CURE-ALL4 ,! ATMOSPH]E *ANG$ ONLY 9 ! #a#i#gS1 :51 AS AN ALT]NATIVE TO QUIET EXT9CTION1 WORK]S 9 A NUMB] ( 5T]PRISES ?REAT5$ BY CLOSURE1 S\<T1 ?R\< PROTRACT$ 0SIT-9S0 TO DEM& ?AT !Y %\LD BE HELP$ TO KEEP ! PLANT OP5 UND] WORK]S' CONTROL4 ,READ]S WILL REMEMB] ! P>TICUL> LOCAL EPICS AT ,UPP] ,CLYDE ,%IPBUILD]S AT ,GOVAN1 AT ! =M] ,FI%]-,B5DIX FACTORY \TSIDE ,LIV]POOL1 AT ! ,SCOTTI% ,DAILY ,EXPRESS1 AT ,FAK5HAM ,5T]PRISES 9 ,NORFOLK & AT ! ,M]ID5 MOTORCYCLE PLANT AT ,COV5TRY4 

,:5 ,AN?ONY ,W$GWOOD ,B5N P]SUAD$ HIS FELL[ MEMB]S ( ! ,LABOR GOV]NM5T TO BACK !SE ASPIRATIONS ) PUBLIC MONEY 7A POLICY :I* W\LD HAVE BE5 FOLL[$ AUTOMATICALLY :5 ORD9>Y CAPITALI/ 9DU/RY WAS CONC]N$71 IT REPRES5T$ A COMPLETE TURN>\ND 9 HIS 9T]PRETATION ( SOCIALISM AS APPLI$ TO 9DU/RY4 ,= IT WAS ,MR ,B5N :O1 9 ! #aifd ,LABOR GOV]NM5T1 HAD BE5 ! MA/]M9D1 ?R\< HIS ,9DU/RIAL ,REORGANIZATION ,CORPORATION1 ( ! TAKEOV] ( HALF ! MOTOR 9DU/RY BY ,LEYL&S 7A =M]LY SUCCESSFUL BUS & LORRY FIRM FROM ,LANCA%IRE7 & MO/ ( ! ELECTRICAL 9DU/RY BY ,G,E,C1 9 ! HOPE ( 5ABL+ ,BRITI% 9DU/RY TO COMPLETE ON EQUAL T]MS = ! CONT95TAL M>KET ) ! ,EUROPEAN GIANTS4 

,!SE W]E VA9 HOPES1 & ONE ( ! GLUMLY HIL>I\S SPECTACLES ( ! #a#i#hS HAS BE5 TO SEE A ,CONS]VATIVE GOV]NM5T1 COMMITT$ TO LAISSEZ-FAIRE LIB]ALISM1 CONT9UALLY BAIL+ \T ,BRITI% ,LEYL& FROM TAX REV5UE4 ,! ,B5N-SPONSOR$ CO-OPS HAVE MO/LY COLLAPS$1 OR HAVE HAD TO RELY SO COMPLETELY ON CAPITALI/ 9VE/M5T ?AT !IR COOP]ATIVE /RUCTURE HAS BE5 SUBM]G$4 ,IT WAS ONLY BECAUSE !SE FIRMS W]E DY+ ?AT ! WORK]S' ASPIRATIONS W]E GIV5 AN AIR+1 & !RE >E EV5 PEOPLE ) A CONSPIRATORIAL VIEW ( HI/ORY :O SEE ! :OLE EPISODE AS HAV+ BE5 9V5T$ TO DISCR$IT ! COOP]ATIVE IDEAL4 

,BUT AS UNEMPLOYM5T CONT9UALLY 9CREASES 9 ,BRITA91 PEOPLE :O HAVE LO/ CONFID5CE 9 ! USUAL POLITICAL PANACEAS1 HAVE %[N AN 9CREAS+ 9T]E/ 9 COOP]ATIVE V5TURES4 ,! ,BRITI% DISCOV]$ ! ,MONDRAGON COOP]ATIVES 9 ! ,BASQUE C\NTRY1 ) PILGRIMAGES ( TRADE UNION (FIC]S & LOCAL C\NCILORS GO+ TO ,SPA9 TO DISCOV] ! SECRET ( ,MONDRAGON'S SUCCESS4 ,! SIGNIFICANT REC5T BOOKS >E ,WORK]-,[N]S3 ,! ,MONDRAGON ,A*IEVEMNT 7,ANGLO-,G]MAN ,F\NDATION #a#i#g#g71 ,ROB]T ,OAKE%OTT'S ,! ,CASE = ,WORK]S' ,CO-OPS 7,R\TL$GE @& ,KEGAN ,PAUL #a#i#g#h71 ,WORK]S' ,COOP]ATIVES3 ,A ,H&BOOK 7,AB]DE5 ,PEOPLE'S ,PRESS #a#i#h7 & ,J5NY ,?OMLEY3 ,WORK]S' ,COOP]ATIVES3 ,JOBS & ,DREAMS 7,HE9EMANN #a#i#h#a74 

,! MAJORITY ( REC5T COOP]ATIVE V5TURES CANNOT BE REG>D$ AS SUCCESS /ORIES3 !Y HAVE FAIL$4 ,NOR >E ! APP>5T PRE-CONDITIONS = SUCCESS P>TICUL>LY ACCEPTABLE TO AN>*I/S4 ,ROB]T ,OAKE%OTT1 = EXAMPLE1 CONCLUDES ?AT !RE >E AT LEA/ F\R SU* CONDITIONS3 0FIR/1 ! MA9 ?RU/ TO GET ! 5T]PRISES (F ! GR\ND MU/ COME FROM ! POT5TIAL WORK=CE ITSELF2 SECOND1 ! COMMITM5T ( ! WORK=CE NE$S TO BE FUR!R SECUR$ BY ! REQUIREM5T ( A MEAN+FUL CAPITAL /AKE2 ?IRD1 ! PROSPECTIVE 5T]PRISE MU/ BE EQUIPP$ ) A MANAG] OR A MANAGEM5T TEAM :I* IS AT LEA/ NOT 9F]IOR TO ?AT :I* A CONV5TIONAL 5T]PRISE W\LD 5JOY2 F\R?1 !SE 5T]PRISES MU/ WORK TOGE!R 9 MAT]IALLY SUPPORTIVE GR\P+S1 = 9 ISOLATION !Y >E HOPELESSLY VULN]ABLE40 

,! ,BREAKD[N ( ,WELF>E 

  

,?IS *APT] DOES HAVE ! M]IT ( RAIS+ ISSUES :I* >E UNFA%IONABLE BO? AMONG ! DEF5D]S ( ! CONTEMPOR>Y ,BRITI% WELF>E /ATE & AMONG ITS CRITICS4 ,S9CE IT WAS WRITT5 WE HAVE MOV$ 9TO ! ]A ( CUTS 9 WELF>E EXP5DITURE1 IMPOS$ BY BO? ,LABOR & ,CONS]VATIVE GOV]NM5TS4 ,IT IS NOT AT ALL EASY TO TAKE P>T 9 ! >GUM5TS SURR\ND+ ! CUTS FROM AN AN>*I/ PO9T ( VIEW4 ,ON ! ONE H& WE HAVE ! POLITICAL LEFT :I* REG>DS ! PROVISION ( WELF>E1 SUBSIDIZ$ H\S+ OR SUBSIDIZ$ TRANSPORT AS A 0SOCIAL WAGE0 :I* MITIGATES ! EXPLOITATION :I* IT ASSOCIATES ) ! CAPITALI/ SY/EM4 ,ON ! O!R H& IS ! POLITICAL RI<T :I* CLAIMS ?AT ! PEOPLE :O D]IVE MO/ FROM ! PUBLIC S]VICES >E PEOPLE :O C\LD P]FECTLY WELL AF=D TO MEET !IR TRUE CO/4 7,& 9 FACT IT IS P]FECTLY TRUE ?AT ! POOR D]IVE ! LEA/ FROM WELF>E PROVISION74 ,! :OLE >GUM5T IS COMPLICAT$ BY ! FACT ?AT WE HAVE N[ 5T]$ ! P]IOD ( MASS UNEMPLOYM5T4 

,WELF>E IS ADM9I/]$ BY A TOP-HEAVY GOV]NM5TAL MA*9E :I* 5SURES ?AT :5 ECONOMIES 9 PUBLIC EXP5DITURE >E IMPOS$ BY ITS POLITICAL MA/]S1 !Y >E MADE BY R$UC+ ! S]VICE TO ! PUBLIC1 NOT BY R$UC+ ! CO/ ( ADM9I/RATION4 ,?US1 AS ,LESLIE ,*APMAN REM>K$ 9 HIS BOOK ,Y\R ,DISOB$I5T ,S]VANT1 9 ?IS WAY 0! WICK$ 9JU/ICE ( ! CUTS1 ! DESIRABILITY ( REPLAC+ !M AS QUICKLY AS POSSIBLE1 ! UNWISDOM ( ?OSE :O IMPOS$ !M & ! LONG SUFF]+ PATI5CE ( ?OSE :O RECEIV$ !M W]E ALL DEMON/RAT$ 9 ONE CONV5I5T PACKAGE40 ,?IS WAS SUBSEQU5TLY DEMON/RAT$ DUR+ BO? ,LABOR & ,CONS]VATIVE GOV]NM5TS4 ,WRIT+ 9 #a#i#g#g1 ,A4 ,H4 ,HALSEY OBS]V$ ?AT 0WE LIVE TODAY UND] S5T5CE ( DEA? BY A ?\S& CUTS1 ?AT IS1 ( ALL ?+S EXCEPT ! BODY ( BUREAUCRACY04 ,& ,PET] ,T[NS5D NOT$ TWO YE>S LAT] COMM5T+ ON 0,SOCIAL ,POLICY 9 ,CONDITIONS ( ,SC>CITY0 ?AT 0S]VICES TO CONSUM]S OR CLI5TS W]E MU* MORE VULN]ABLE ?AN /AFF E/ABLI%M5TS40 

,?IS WAS NO:]E BETT] DEMON/RAT$ ?AN 9 ! EVOLUTION ( ! ,NATIONAL ,HEAL? ,S]VICE4 ,9 ! T5 YE>S BE=E ITS REORGANIZATION1 HEAL? S]VICE /AFF G5]ALLY 9CREAS$ BY #fe P] C5T4 ,H[EV]1 DUR+ ?AT P]IOD M$ICAL & NURS+ /AFF 9CREAS$ BY ONLY #ba P] C5T & DOME/IC /AFF BY #b P] C5T4 ,! RE/ WAS ADM9I/RATION4 ,! GOV]NM5T HIR$ A FIRM ( CONSULTANTS1 ,MC,K9SEY'S1 TO ADVISE ON REORGANIZATION4 ,! MEMB]S ( ,MC,K9SEY'S /AFF :O PRODUC$ ! NEW /RUCTURE >E N[ CONV9C$ ?AT !Y GAVE ! WRONG ADVICE4 ,SIMIL>LY ! =M] *IEF >*ITECT TO ! ,D,H,S,S IS N[ CONV9C$ ?AT ! ADVICE HE GAVE = T5 YE>S ON HOSPITAL DESIGN WAS 9 FACT MISGUID$4 

,WE HAVE FAIL$ TO COME TO T]MS ) ! FACT ?AT \R PUBLICLY-PROVID$ S]VICES1 JU/ LIKE \R CAPITALI/ 9DU/RIES1 ALSO PROPP$ UP BY TAXATION1 >E DE>LY B\<T4 ,?IS WAS LESS APP>5T 9 ! PA/ :5 PUBLIC S]VICES W]E FEW & *EAP4 ,OLD PEOPLE :O RECALL ! M>VEL\S S]VICE !Y US$ TO GET FROM ! PO/ (FICE OR ! RAILWAYS1 NEV] M5TION ?AT !SE US$ TO BE L[ WAGE 9DU/RIES :I*1 9 RETURN = RELATIVE SECURITY1 W]E RUN ) A MILIT>Y-/YLE DISCIPL9E1 TO :I* NOT EV5 ! >MY1 LET ALONE Y\ OR ,I1 W\LD SUBMIT TODAY4 

,ANY PUBLIC S]VICE N[ADAYS HAS TO PAY ! GO+ RATE1 & !RE IS EV]Y REASON :Y ?IS %\LD BE SO4 ,! QUE/ION AT ISSUE IS :E!R GOV]NM5T PROVISION IS ! BE/ WAY ( MEET+ SOCIAL NE$S4 ,WE >E ALWAYS (F]+ SUP]IOR ADVICE TO ?OSE ?IRD WORLD C\NTRIES :]E 0AID0 IS DISSIPAT$ 9 ! CO/ ( ADM9I/]+ IT1 BUT WE >E 9 JU/ ! SAME SITUATION \RSELVES4 0,ADD$ TO ! TRADITIONAL BURD5S ( ! POOR10 REM>K ! AU?ORS ( ,! ,W9CR(T ,Y\? ,PROJECT1 0!RE IS N[ ! WEI<T ( A BUREAUCRACY ?AT1 IRONICALLY1 IS EMPLOY$ TO S]VE !M40 

,H[ ,DEVIANT ,D>E ,Y\ ,GET8 

  

,?IS *APT] DEALS1 H[EV] 9ADEQUATELY1 ) ! OBJECTION MO/ PEOPLE RAISE TO AN>*I/ IDEAS3 ! AN>*I/ REJECTION ( ! LAW1 ! LEGAL SY/EM & ! AG5CIES ( LAW-5=CEM5T4 ,S9CE ?IS BOOK WAS FIR/ PUBLI%$ !RE HAVE BE5 ?REE NEW CONTRIBUTIONS TO ?IS DEBATE4 ,ONE1 :I*1 SADLY1 FAILS TO LIVE UP TO ! PROMISE ( ITS TITLE IS ,L>RY ,TIFFT & ,D5NIS ,SULLIVAN3 ,! ,/RUGGLE TO BE ,HUMAN3 ,CRIME1 ,CRIM9OLOGY & ,AN>*ISM 7,CI5FUEGOS ,PRESS #a#i#h74 ,ANO!R IS ,ALAN ,RITT]'S ,AN>*ISM3 ,A ,!ORETICAL ,ANALYSIS 7,CAMBRIDGE ,UNIV]SITY ,PRESS #a#i#h7 :OSE AU?OR CONCLUDES ON ?IS ISSUE ?AT 0,EV5 UND] AN>*Y !RE REMA9S SOME DANG] ( MISCONDUCT1 :I* AU?ORITY SANCTION$ BY REBUKE PREV5TS4 ,?\< AN>*I/S DO NOT CALL ?IS REBUKE PUNI%M5T1 IT IS EASY TO %[ ?AT !Y %\LD40 ,! ?IRD1 & MO/ SUGGE/IVE IS ! *APT] ON 0,A ,POLICY = ,CRIME ,CONTROL0 9 ,/U>T ,H5RY'S ,! ,HIDD5 ,ECONOMY 7,M>T9 ,ROB]TSON #a#i#g#h74 ,H5RY >GUES = :AT HE CALLS NORMATIVE CONTROL ( CRIME1 BY :I* HE MEANS 0GR\P OR COMMUNITY CONTROL04 ,HE REM>KS ?AT1 0,IT MAY BE TOO E>LY TO PR$ICT1 BUT IT W\LD SEEM ?AT ! ADM9I/RATION ( CRIM9AL JU/ICE = SOME TYPES ( (F5SE MAY BE AB\T TO COMPLETE A FULL CIRCLE4 ,BEG9N+ ) COMMUNITY CONTROL 9 AN UND]DEVELOP$ SOCIETY1 WE HAVE PROGRESS$ ?R\< V>I\S /AGES ( =MAL1 PR(ESSIONAL1 BUREAUCRATIC JU/ICE AS 9DU/RIALIZATION HAS GA!R$ MOM5TUM4 ,H[EV]1 REC5T YE>S HAVE WITNESS$ A NEW WAVE ( DISSATISFACTION ) C5TRALIZ$1 BUREAUCRATIC /RUCTURES ?R\< :I* MO/ ASPECTS ( \R LIFE >E MANAG$4 ,9 >EAS AS DIV]SE AS GOV]NM5T1 9DU/RY1 HEAL? & WELF>E1 ! EM]G+ TR5D IS T[>D DEVOLUTION1 DEC5TRALIZATION1 DEMOCRATIZATION & POPUL> P>TICIPATION4 ,A P>T ( ?IS TR5D IS ! DE-C5TRALIZATION ( CRIM9AL JU/ICE TO A =M ( COMMUNITY CONTROL :I* WAS ONCE COMMONPLACE444 ,MANY COMM5TATORS >E RAPIDLY REA*+ ! CONCLUSION ?AT ONLY PEOPLE 9VOLV$ 9 & AW>E ( ! COMMUNITY CAN ACT AS EFFECTIVE =CES 9 CRIME PREV5TION & ?AT SIMPLY 9CREAS+ POLICE & C\RT CAPACITY WILL NEI!R SOLVE ! PROBLEMS PRES5TLY PLAGU+ CRIM9AL JU/ICE SY/EMS1 NOR EQUIP !SE SY/EMS TO COPE ) *ANG+ TR5DS 9 CRIME4 ,IT IS FELT ?AT ! ONLY WAY \T ( ! PRES5T SITUATION IS = CRIM9AL JU/ICE & ! COMMUNITY TO BE BR\<T CLOS] TOGE!R1 SO ?AT ?OSE :O JUDGE & ?OSE :O >E JUDG$ >E P>T ( ! SAME SOCIETY444 ,I BELIEVE ?AT ONLY ) ?IS DEGREE ( 9VOLVEM5T & UND]/&+ CAN WE EV] HOPE TO LIB]ATE \RSELVES FROM ! HYPOCRISY ( \R ATTITUDE TO 0CRIME01 & ONLY !N WILL WE BE CAPABLE ( CONTROLL+ IT40 

,AN>*Y & A ,PLAUSIBLE ,FUTURE 

  

,! MUT$ & T5TATIVE CONCLUSIONS ( ?IS *APT] /ILL SEEM TO ME TO BE VALID4 ,IF ,I W]E WRIT+ IT TODAY ,I W\LD C]TA9LY HAVE HAD MORE TO SAY AB\T ! COLLAPSE ( EMPLOYM5T4 ,:5 ?IS BOOK WAS WRITT5 ,BRITA9 HAD #h1 WORK]S REGI/]+ AS UNEMPLOY$4 ,?IS WAS ?\<T AT ! TIME TO BE A SC&AL\S & TOTALLY UNACCEPTABLE FIGURE4 ,EI<T YE>S LAT] ! FIGURE HAS RIS5 TO #c MILLION 7,OCTOB] #a#i#h#a74 ,BELAT$LY WE >E GROP+ AFT] ALT]NATIVE =MS ( WORK TO EMPLOYM5T4 ,NOBODY REALLY BELIEVES ?AT MANUFACTUR+ 9DU/RY IS GO+ TO RECOV] LO/ M>KETS4 ,NOBODY REALLY BELIEVES ?AT ROBOTS OR MICROPROCESSORS >E GO+ TO CREATE MORE ?AN A SMALL PROPORTION ( ! JOBS !Y DISPLACE4 ,F9ALLY WE HAVE EV5 LO/ FAI? 9 ! IDEA ?AT ! S]VICE ECONOMY IS GO+ TO EXP& TO FILL ! JOBS LO/ 9 ! PRODUCTION ECONOMY4 ,JONA?AN ,G]%UNY %[S 9 HIS BOOK ,AFT] ,9DU/RIAL ,SOCIETY 7,MACMILLAN #a#i#g#i7 ?AT S]VICE 9DU/RIES !MSELVES >E ALREADY DECL9+ & ?AT :AT IS MORE LIKELY TO EM]GE IS A SELF-S]VICE ECONOMY4 

,IT IS ! 9EXORABLE :ITTL+ AWAY ( EMPLOYM5T ?AT IS LEAD+ TO SPECULATION AB\T ! POT5TIAL ( O!R WAYS ( ORGANIZ+ WORK1 A !ME ( SEV]AL *APT]S 9 ?IS BOOK4 ,! PRE-9DU/RIAL ECONOMY WAS A DOME/IC ECONOMY1 7,ELLIOT ,JACQUES REM9DS US ?AT ! WORD 0EMPLOYM5T0 HAS ONLY BE5 US$ 9 ITS PRES5T S5SE S9CE ! #a#h#dS71 & P]HAPS A DOME/IC ECONOMY ( 9DIVIDUAL OR COLLECTIVE SELF-EMPLOYM5T IS ! PATT]N = ! FUTURE ( WORK4 ,H5CE ! GR[+ 9T]E/ 9 :AT IS V>I\SLY T]M$ ! IRREGUL> ECONOMY1 ! 9=MAL ECONOMY1 OR ! BLACK ECONOMY4 ,G]%UNY & ,RAY ,PAHL 9VITE US TO CONSID] A FUTURE 9 :I* MORE & MORE PEOPLE MOVE \T ( 0EMPLOYM5T0 9TO WORK+ = !MSELVES4 0,IS IT SAPP+ ! MORAL FIB] ( ! NATION OR IS IT /R5G!N+ K9 L9KS & NEI<BORLY RELATIONS MORE ?AN >MIES ( SOCIAL WORK]S & PRIE/S HAVE EV] BE5 ABLE TO DO8 ,:AT1 9 A PHRASE1 WILL IT BE LIKE TO LIVE 9 A WORLD DOM9AT$ MORE & MORE BY H\SEHOLD & HIDD5 ECONOMIES & LESS BY ! =MAL ECONOMY80 

,ONE ( ! POSSIBILITIES !Y SEE IS ( A DUAL LABOR M>KET3 A HI<-PAY1 HI< TE*NOLOGY1 >I/OCRACY ( LABOR & A L[-WAGE1 L[-SKILL SECTOR1 & BEYOND BO? ! MAFIOSI ( BIG BOSSES & LITTLE CROOKS4 ,ANO!R IS ( A POLICE /ATE DOM9AT$ BY A VA/ BUREAUCRACY ( LAW 5=CEM5T1 :]E 0PEOPLE W\LD FEEL MU* LIKE ?OSE CAU<T 9 ! 0SOCIALISM0 ( ,POL& OR ,CZE*OSLOVAKIA40 

,!IR ?IRD1 & MORE HOPEFUL1 ALT]NATIVE DEP5DS ON 0A DEEP] UND]/&+ ( ! SOCIALLY DESIRABLE ASPECTS ( ! 9=MAL ECONOMY & BY SYMPA!TIC 5C\RAGEM5T ( !M40 ,BUT :O IS GO+ TO GIVE SYMPA!TIC 5C\RAGEM5T TO ! DISMANTL+ ( 9DU/RIALISM1 ONE ( ! BULW>KS ( SOCIAL CONTROL8 ,NOT ! CAPTA9S ( 9DU/RY4 ,NOT ! MANIPULATORS ( ! MA*9]Y ( GOV]NM5T4 

,SUPPOSE \R FUTURE 9 FACT LIES1 NOT ) A H&FUL ( TE*NOCRATS PU%+ BUTTONS TO SUPPORT ! RE/ ( US1 BUT ) A MULTITUDE ( SMALL ACTIVITIES1 :E!R BY 9DIVIDUALS OR GR\PS1 DO+ !IR [N ?+8 ,SUPPOSE ! ONLY PLAUSIBLE ECONOMIC RECOV]Y CONSI/S 9 PEOPLE PICK+ !MSELVES UP (F ! 9DU/RIAL SCRAPHEAP1 OR REJECT+ !IR SLOT 9 ! MICRO-TE*NOLOGY SY/EM1 & MAK+ !IR [N NI*E 9 ! WORLD ( ORD9>Y NE$S & !IR SATISFACTION4 ,W\LDN'T ?AT BE SOME?+ TO DO ) AN>*ISM8  
  

,C4 ,W4  

,FROM 3 ,!,AN>*I/,LIBR>Y4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,NOVEMB] #c1 #aiie 3 ,9TRODUCTION TO ! ,SECOND ,$ITION -- ,PUBLICATION4 
,JULY #b#b1 #bai 3 ,9TRODUCTION TO ! ,SECOND ,$ITION -- ,ADD$4 

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