,*APT] #d 
,5VIRONM5T 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,PET] ,GELD]LOOS 

,TEXT 3 

#d4 ,5VIRONM5T 

,NO PHILOSOPHY OR MOVEM5T = LIB]ATION CAN IGNORE ! CONNECTION BETWE5 HUMAN EXPLOITATION ( ! 5VIRONM5T & \R EXPLOITATION ( ONE ANO!R1 NOR CAN IT IGNORE ! SUICIDAL RAMIFICATIONS ( 9DU/RIAL SOCIETY4 ,A FREE SOCIETY MU/ =GE A RESPECTFUL & SU/A9ABLE RELATION%IP ) ITS BIOREGION1 ON ! UND]/&+ ?AT HUMANS DEP5D ON ! HEAL? ( ! 5TIRE PLANET4 

,:AT'S TO /OP SOMEONE FROM DE/ROY+ ! 5VIRONM5T8 

,SOME PEOPLE OPPOSE CAPITALISM ON 5VIRONM5TAL GR\NDS1 BUT ?9K SOME SORT ( /ATE IS NECESS>Y TO PREV5T ECOCIDE4 ,BUT ! /ATE IS ITSELF A TOOL = ! EXPLOITATION ( NATURE4 ,SOCIALI/ /ATES SU* AS ! ,SOVIET ,UNION & ,PEOPLE'S ,REPUBLIC ( ,*9A HAVE BE5 AMONG ! MO/ ECOCIDAL REGIMES IMAG9ABLE4 ,?AT !SE TWO SOCIETIES NEV] ESCAP$ ! DYNAMICS ( CAPITALISM IS ITSELF A FEATURE ( ! /ATE /RUCTURE -- IT NECESSITATES HI]>*ICAL1 EXPLOITATIVE ECONOMIC RELATION%IPS ( CONTROL & COMM&1 & ONCE Y\ />T PLAY+ ?AT GAME NO?+ BEATS CAPITALISM4 ,H[EV] ! /ATE DOES PRES5T ! POSSIBILITY ( =CIBLY *ANG+ PEOPLE'S BEHAVIOR ON A MASSIVE SCALE1 & ?IS P[] IS ATTRACTIVE TO SOME 5VIRONM5TALI/S4 ,!RE HAVE BE5 A FEW /ATES 9 WORLD HI/ORY ?AT 5=C$ PROTECTIVE MEASURES DOME/ICALLY1 :5 SAV+ ! 5VIRONM5T CO9CID$ ) !IR /RATEGIC 9T]E/S4 ,ONE ( ! =EMO/ IS ,JAPAN1 :I* HALT$ & REV]S$ DE=E/ATION 9 ! >*IPELAGO >\ND ! ,MEIJI P]IOD4 ,BUT 9 ?IS CASE & O!R CASES1 DOME/IC 5VIRONM5TAL PROTECTIONS 5=C$ BY ! /ATE W]E C\PL$ ) GREAT] EXPLOITATION ABROAD4 ,JAPANESE SOCIETY CONSUM$ 9CREAS+ AM\NTS ( IMPORT$ WOOD1 FUEL+ DE=E/ATION 9 O!R C\NTRIES & PROVID+ AN 9C5TIVE = ! DEVELOPM5T ( AN IMP]IAL MILIT>Y TO SECURE !SE VITAL RES\RCES4 ,?IS L$ NOT ONLY TO 5VIRONM5TAL DEVA/ATION BUT ALSO TO W>F>E & G5OCIDE4 ,SIMIL>LY 9 ,WE/]N ,EUROPE1 /ATI/ 5VIRONM5TAL PROTECTIONS CAME AT ! EXP5SE ( COLONIAL EXPLOITATION1 :I* ALSO RESULT$ 9 G5OCIDE4 

,9 SMALL]-SCALE SOCIETIES1 ! EXI/5CE ( AN ELITE T5DS TO FUEL 5VIRONM5TAL EXPLOITATION4 ,! R5[N$ SOCIAL COLLAPSE ON ,EA/] ,ISL& WAS CAUS$ 9 L>GE P>T BY ! ELITE1 :O COMPELL$ ! SOCIETY TO BUILD /ATUES 9 !IR HONOR4 ,?IS /ATUE-BUILD+ COMPLEX DE=E/$ ! ISL&1 AS L>GE NUMB]S ( LOGS W]E NE$$ = SCAFFOLD+ & TRANSPORTATION ( ! /ATUES1 & F>ML& TO FE$ ! LABOR]S CAME AT ! EXP5SE ( MORE =E/S4 ,)\T =E/S1 SOIL F]TILITY PLUMMET$1 & )\T FOOD ! HUMAN POPULATION PLUNG$ AS WELL4 ,BUT !Y DIDN'T JU/ />VE OR DECREASE !IR BIR? RATE -- ! CLAN ELITES W>R$ ) ONE ANO!R1 KNOCK+ D[N RIVAL /ATUES & C>RY+ \T RAIDS ?AT CULM9AT$ 9 CANNIBALISM1 UNTIL NE>LY ! 5TIRE SOCIETY DI$ (F4.<#f#b.> 

,A DEC5TRALIZ$1 COMMUNAL SOCIETY ) A COMMONLY HELD ECOLOGICAL E?OS IS ! BE/ EQUIPP$ TO PREV5T 5VIRONM5TAL DE/RUCTION4 ,9 ECONOMIES ?AT VALUE LOCAL SELF-SUFFICI5CY OV] TRADE & PRODUCTION1 COMMUNITIES HAVE TO DEAL ) ! 5VIRONM5TAL CONSEQU5CES ( !IR [N ECONOMIC BEHAVIORS4 ,!Y CANNOT PAY O!RS TO TAKE !IR G>BAGE OR />VE SO !Y CAN HAVE AN ABUNDANCE4 

,LOCAL CONTROL ( RES\RCES ALSO DISC\RAGES OV]POPULATION4 ,/UDIES HAVE %[N ?AT :5 ! MEMB]S ( A SOCIETY CAN DIRECTLY SEE H[ HAV+ TOO MANY *ILDR5 WILL DIM9I% ! RES\RCES AVAILABLE = EV]YONE1 !Y KEEP !IR FAMILIES )9 A SU/A9ABLE LIMIT4 ,BUT :5 !SE LOCALIZ$ SOCIETIES >E 9CORPORAT$ 9TO A GLOBALIZ$ ECONOMY 9 :I* MO/ RES\RCES & WA/ES >E IMPORT$ & EXPORT$1 & SC>CITY RESULTS FROM SEEM+LY >BITR>Y PRICE FLUCTUATIONS RA!R ?AN ! DEPLETION ( LOCAL RES\RCES1 POPULATIONS CLIMB UNSU/A9ABLY1 EV5 IF MORE EFFECTIVE =MS ( CONTRACEPTION >E ALSO AVAILABLE4.<#f#c.> ,9 ,SEE+ ,LIKE A ,/ATE1 ,JAMES ,SCOTT EXPLA9S H[ GOV]NM5TS 5=CE 0LEGIBILITY0 -- A UNI=MITY ?AT 5ABLES COMPREH5SION FROM ABOVE1 9 ORD] TO CONTROL & TRACK SUBJECTS4 ,AS A RESULT1 SU* SOCIETIES LOSE ! LOCAL KN[L$GE NECESS>Y TO UND]/& PROBLEMS & SITUATIONS4 

,CAPITALISM1 ,*RI/IANITY1 & ,WE/]N SCI5CE ALL %>E A C]TA9 MY?OLOGY REG>D+ NATURE1 :I* 5C\RAGES EXPLOITATION & CONTEMPT1 & VIEWS ! NATURAL WORLD AS DEAD1 ME*ANICAL1 & EXI/+ TO SATISFY HUMAN CONSUMPTION4 ,?IS MEGALOMANIA MASQU]AD+ AS ,REASON OR ,DIV9E ,TRU? HAS REVEAL$ ITSELF BEYOND ALL D\BT TO BE SUICIDAL4 ,:AT IS NE$$ 9/EAD IS A CULTURE ?AT RESPECTS ! NATURAL WORLD AS A LIV+1 9T]CONNECT$ ?+1 & UND]/&S \R PLACE )9 IT4 ,BRUCE ,/EW>T1 A ,MAORI WRIT] & ACTIVI/1 TOLD AN 9T]VIEW]1 PO9T+ TO A FL[]+ V9E HE HAD PLANT$ BY HIS H\SE1 

,?IS V9E NO LONG] HAS A NAME4 ,\R ,MAORI NAME HAS BE5 LO/1 SO WE'LL HAVE TO F9D ANO!R4 ,ONLY ONE ( ?IS PLANT REMA9$ 9 ! WORLD1 LIV+ ON A GOAT-9FE/$ ISL&4 ,! PLANT C\LD GO ANY DAY4 ,SO ,I GOT A SE$ & PLANT$ IT H]E4 ,! V9E HAS GR[N1 & AL?\< IT NORMALLY TAKES TW5TY YE>S TO BLOOM1 ?IS ONE IS BLOOM+ AFT] SEV54 

444,IF WE >E TO SURVIVE1 EA* ( US MU/ BECOME KAITIAKI1 :I* TO ME IS ! MO/ IMPORTANT CONCEPT 9 MY [N ,MAORI CULTURE4 ,WE MU/ BECOME C>ETAK]S1 GU>DIANS1 TRU/EES1 NURTUR]S4 ,9 ! OLD DAYS EA* :ANAU1 OR FAMILY1 US$ TO LOOK AFT] A SPECIFIC PIECE ( T]RA94 ,ONE FAMILY MI<T LOOK AFT] A RIV] FROM A C]TA9 ROCK D[N TO ! NEXT B5D4 ,& !Y W]E ! KAITIAKI ( ! BIRDS & FI% & PLANTS4 ,!Y KNEW :5 IT WAS TIME TO TAKE !M TO EAT1 & :5 IT WAS NOT4 ,:5 ! BIRDS NE$$ TO BE PROTECT$1 ! PEOPLE PUT A RAHUI ON !M1 :I* MEANS ! BIRDS W]E TEMPOR>ILY SACR$4 ,& SOME BIRDS W]E P]MAN5TLY TAPU1 :I* MEANS !Y W]E FULL-TIME PROTECT$4 ,?IS PROTECTION WAS SO /RONG ?AT PEOPLE W\LD DIE IF !Y BROKE IT4 ,IT'S ?AT SIMPLE4 ,IT NE$$ NO POLIC+4 ,9 !IR EAG]NESS TO UNSAVAGE MY ANCE/ORS ,*RI/IAN MISSION>IES KILL$ ! CONCEPT ( TAPU ALONG ) MANY O!RS4 .<#f#d.> 

,TIKOPIA1 A ,PACIFIC ISL& SETTL$ BY ,POLYNESIAN PEOPLE1 PROVIDES A GOOD EXAMPLE ( A DEC5TRALIZ$1 AN>*IC SOCIETY ?AT HAS SUCCESSFULLY DEALT ) LIFE-&-DEA? 5VIRONM5TAL PROBLEMS4 ,! ISL& IS ONLY #a4#h SQU>E MILES 9 >EA & SUPPORTS #a1#b 9HABITANTS -- ?AT IS1 #h PEOPLE P] SQU>E MILE ( F>ML&4 ,! COMMUNITY HAS EXI/$ SU/A9ABLY = #c1 YE>S4 ,TIKOPIA IS COV]$ 9 MULTI-/ORI$ OR*>D-G>D5S ?AT MIMIC ! NATURAL RA9=E/S4 ,AT FIR/ SI<T1 MO/ ( ! ISL& APPE>S TO BE COV]$ 9 =E/1 ?\< TRUE RA9=E/S ONLY REMA9 ON A FEW /EEP P>TS ( ! ISL&4 ,TIKOPIA IS SMALL 5\< ?AT ALL ITS 9HABITANTS CAN BECOME FAMILI> ) !IR 5TIRE ECOSY/EM4 ,IT IS ALSO ISOLAT$1 SO = A LONG TIME !Y C\LD NOT IMPORT RES\RCES OR EXPORT ! CONSEQU5CES ( !IR LIFE/YLE4 ,EA* ( ! F\R CLANS HAVE *IEFS1 ?\< !SE HAVE NO CO]CIVE P[]S & PLAY A C]EMONIAL ROLE AS ! CU/ODIANS ( TRADITION4 ,TIKOPIA IS AMONG ! LEA/ SOCIALLY /RATIFI$ ( ! ,POLYNESIAN ISL&S2 = EXAMPLE1 ! *IEFS /ILL HAVE TO WORK & PRODUCE !IR [N FOOD4 ,POPULATION CONTROL IS A COMMON VALUE1 & P>5TS FEEL IT IS IMMORAL TO HAVE MORE ?AN A C]TA9 NUMB] ( *ILDR54 ,9 ONE /RIK+ EXAMPLE ( ! P[] ( !SE COLLECTIVELY HELD & RE9=C$ VALUES1 >\ND ! YE> #af ! ISL&]S REA*$ A COLLECTIVE DECISION TO 5D PIG-BRE$+4 ,!Y SLAU<T]$ ALL ! PIGS ON ! ISL&1 EV5 ?\< PIG MEAT WAS A HI<LY VALU$ FOOD S\RCE1 BECAUSE KEEP+ PIGS WAS A MAJOR /RA9 ON ! 5VIRONM5T4 .<#f#e.> ,9 A MORE /RATIFI$1 HI]>*ICAL SOCIETY1 ?IS MI<T HAVE BE5 IMPOSSIBLE1 BECAUSE ! ELITE W\LD TYPICALLY =CE POOR] PEOPLE TO SUFF] ! CONSEQU5CES ( !IR LIFE/YLES RA!R ?AN GIVE UP AN E/EEM$ LUXURY PRODUCT .<#f#f.>4 

,BE=E COLONIZATION & ! DISA/R\S >RIVAL ( MISSION>IES1 POPULATION CONTROL ME?ODS ON ,TIKOPIA 9CLUD$ NATURAL CONTRACEPTION1 ABORTION1 & AB/95CE = Y\NG] PEOPLE -- ?\< ?IS WAS A COMPASSIONATE CELIBACY ?AT AM\NT$ TO A PROHIBITION ON REPRODUCTION RA!R ?AN ON SEX4 ,TIKOPIANS ALSO US$ O!R =MS ( POPULATION CONTROL1 SU* AS 9FANTICIDE1 ?AT MANY PEOPLE 9 O!R SOCIETIES W\LD F9D IMP]MISSIBLE1 BUT ,TIKOPIA CAN /ILL PROVIDE US ) A P]FECTLY VALID EXAMPLE BECAUSE ) ! EFFECTIV5ESS ( MOD]N CONTRACEPTION & ABORTION TE*NIQUES1 NO O!R ME?ODS >E NECESS>Y = A DEC5TRALIZ$ APPROA* TO POPULATION CONTROL4 ,! MO/ IMPORTANT FEATURE ( ! ,TIKOPIAN EXAMPLE IS !IR E?OS3 !IR RECOGNITION ?AT !Y LIV$ ON AN ISL& & RES\RCES W]E LIMIT$1 SO ?AT 9CREAS+ !IR POPULATION WAS TANTAM\NT TO SUICIDE4 ,O!R ,POLYNESIAN ISL& SOCIETIES IGNOR$ ?AT FACT & SUBSEQU5TLY DI$ (F4 ,! PLANET ,E>?1 9 ?IS S5SE1 IS ALSO AN ISL&2 ACCORD+LY1 WE NE$ TO DEVELOP BO? GLOBAL CONSCI\SNESS & LOCALIZ$ ECONOMIES1 SO WE CAN AVOID EXCE$+ ! CAPACITY ( ! L& & /AY AW>E ( ! O!R LIV+ ?+S ) :OM WE %>E ?IS ISL&4 

,TODAY MO/ ( ! WORLD IS NOT ORGANIZ$ 9TO COMMUNITIES ?AT >E /RUCTUR$ TO BE S5SITIVE TO ! LIMITS ( ! LOCAL 5VIRONM5T1 BUT IT IS POSSIBLE TO RECREATE SU* COMMUNITIES4 ,!RE IS A GR[+ MOVEM5T ( ECOLOGICALLY SU/A9ABLE COMMUNITIES1 OR 0ECOVILLAGES10 ORGANIZ$ ON HORIZONTAL1 NON-HI]>*ICAL L9ES1 9 :I* GR\PS ( PEOPLE RANG+ FROM A DOZ5 TO SEV]AL HUNDR$ COME TOGE!R TO CREATE AN>*IC SOCIETIES ) ORGANIC1 SU/A9ABLE DESIGNS4 ,! CON/RUCTION ( !SE VILLAGES MAXIMIZES RES\RCE EFFICI5CY & ECOLOGICAL SU/A9ABILITY1 & ALSO CULTIVATES S5SITIVITY TO ! LOCAL 5VIRONM5T ON A CULTURAL & SPIRITUAL LEVEL4 ,!SE ECOVILLAGES >E AT ! =EFRONT ( DEVELOP+ SU/A9ABLE TE*NOLOGIES4 ,ANY ALT]NATIVE COMMUNITY CAN DEG5]ATE 9TO YUPPIE ESCAPISM1 & ECOVILLAGES >E VULN]ABLE TO ?IS1 BUT A LEAD+ P>T ( ! ECOVILLAGE MOVEM5T SEEKS TO DEVELOP & SPREAD 9NOVATIONS ?AT >E RELEVANT TO ! WORLD AT L>GE RA!R ?AN TO CLOSE ITSELF (F FROM ! WORLD4 ,TO HELP PROLIF]ATE ECOVILLAGES & ADAPT !M TO ALL REGIONS ( ! GLOBE1 & TO FACILITATE COORD9ATION BETWE5 EXI/+ ECOVILLAGES1 #d DELEGATES FROM #d C\NTRIES MET 9 ,F9DHORN1 ,SCOTL&1 9 #aiie & E/ABLI%$ ! ,GLOBAL ,ECOVILLAGE ,NETWORK4 

,EA* ECOVILLAGE IS A LITTLE DIFF]5T1 BUT A FEW EXAMPLES CAN PROVIDE AN IDEA ( !IR DIV]SITY4 ,! ,F>M1 9 RURAL ,T5NESSEE1 HAS #ce RESID5TS4 ,E/ABLI%$ 9 #a#i#g#a1 IT CONTA9S MUL* G>D5S1 SOL>-HEAT$ %[]S1 A SU/A9ABLE %IITAKE MU%ROOM BUS9ESS1 /RAW BALE H\SES1 & A C5T] = TRA9+ PEOPLE FROM >\ND ! WORLD TO BUILD !IR [N ECOVILLAGES4 ,OLD ,BASSAISA1 9 ,EGYPT1 CONTA9S A FEW HUNDR$ RESID5TS & HAS EXI/$ = ?\S&S ( YE>S4 ,! RESID5TS HAVE P]FECT$ AN ECOLOGICAL & SU/A9ABLE VILLAGE DESIGN FROM TRADITIONAL ME?ODS4 ,OLD ,BASSAISA N[ CONTA9S A ,FUTURE ,/UDIES C5T]1 & !Y >E DEVELOP+ NEW SU/A9ABLE TE*NOLOGIES LIKE A ME?ANE GAS PRODUC+ UNIT ?AT EXTRACTS GASES FROM C[ MANURE TO SAVE !MSELVES FROM HAV+ TO USE SC>CE FIREWOOD4 ,!Y USE ! LEFTOV] SLURRY AS F]TILIZ] = !IR FIELDS4 ,ECOTOP1 NE> ,DUSSELDORF 9 ,G]MANY1 IS AN 5TIRE SUBURB ) HUNDR$S ( RESID5TS LIV+ 9 SEV]AL F\R-/ORY AP>TM5T BUILD+S & A FEW DETA*$ HOMES4 ,! >*ITECTURE FO/]S A S5SE ( COMMUNITY & FRE$OM1 ) A NUMB] ( COMMUNAL & PRIVATE SPACES4 ,BETWE5 ! BUILD+S1 9 A SORT ( VILLAGE C5T]1 IS A MULTI-USE C\RTY>D_/PLAYGR\ND _/P$E/RIAN ZONE1 AS WELL AS COMMUNITY G>D5S & AN ABUNDANCE ( PLANTS & TREES4 ,! BUILD+S1 :I* HAVE A COMPLETELY MOD]N1 URBAN ES!TIC1 W]E CON/RUCT$ ) NATURAL MAT]IALS & DESIGN$ ) PASSIVE HEAT+ & COOL+ & BIOLOGICAL ON-SITE WA/EWAT] TREATM5T4 

,E>?HAV51 ) AB\T #f RESID5TS1 WAS F\ND$ 9 #aiie 9 ,NOR? ,C>OL9A BY P]MACULTURE DESIGN]S4 ,IT IS COMPOS$ ( SEV]AL NEI<BORHOOD CLU/]S SET 9 ! /EEP ,APPALA*IAN HILLS4 ,MO/ ( ! L& IS COV]$ 9 =E/1 BUT ! RESID5TS REC5TLY MADE ! DIFFICULT DECISION TO CLE> SOME ( ! =E/ = G>D5S SO !Y C\LD COME CLOS] TO FOOD SELF-SUFFICI5CY RA!R ?AN EXPORT+ ! CO/S ( !IR LIFE/YLE BY PUR*AS+ FOOD FROM ELSE:]E4 ,!Y TALK$ AB\T IT A LONG TIME1 PREP>$ !MSELVES SPIRITUALLY1 & ATTEMPT$ TO CLE> ! L& 9 A RESPECTFUL WAY4 ,?IS SORT ( ATTITUDE1 :I* CAPITALI/ IDEOLOGY W\LD DISMISS AS S5TIM5TAL & 9EFFICI5T1 IS EXACTLY :AT C\LD PREV5T DE/RUCTION ( ! 5VIRONM5T 9 AN AN>*I/ SOCIETY4 

,ALSO NECESS>Y >E FI]C5ESS & ! WILL+NESS TO TAKE DIRECT ACTION TO DEF5D ! 5VIRONM5T4 ,ON ! I/HMUS ( ,TEHUANTEPEC1 9 ,OAXACA1 ,MEXICO1 AN>*I/ & ANTI-AU?ORIT>IAN 9DIG5\S PEOPLE HAVE %[N EXACTLY !SE QUALITIES 9 PROTECT+ ! L& AGA9/ A S]IES ( ?REATS4 ,ORGANIZATIONS SU* AS ! ,UNION ( ,9DIG5\S ,COMMUNITIES ( ! ,NOR!RN ,ZONE ( ! ,I/HMUS1 ,U,C,I,Z,O,N,I1 :I* 9CLUDES ONE HUNDR$ COMMUNITIES 9 ,OAXACA & ,V]ACRUZ1 & LAT] ! AN>*I/_/,MAGONI/A GR\P ,C,I,P,O-,R,F,M1 HAVE F\<T AGA9/ ! 5VIRONM5TALLY DEVA/AT+ CON/RUCTION ( W9D F>MS1 %RIMP F>MS1 EUCALYPTUS PLANTATIONS1 & ! EXPROPRIATION ( L& BY ! LUMB] 9DU/RY4 ,!Y HAVE ALSO R$UC$ ECONOMIC PRESSURES TO EXPLOIT ! 5VIRONM5T BY SETT+ UP CORN & C(FEE COOP]ATIVES & BUILD+ S*OOLS & CL9ICS4 ,MEAN:ILE1 !Y HAVE CREAT$ A NETWORK ( AUTONOM\S COMMUNITY RADIO /ATIONS TO $UCATE PEOPLE AB\T DANG]S TO ! 5VIRONM5T & 9=M ! SURR\ND+ COMMUNITIES AB\T NEW 9DU/RIAL PROJECTS ?AT W\LD DE/ROY MORE L&4 ,9 #b#a1 ! 9DIG5\S COMMUNITIES DEFEAT$ ! CON/RUCTION ( A HI<WAY ?AT WAS P>T ( ,PLAN ,PUEBLA ,PANAMA1 A NEOLIB]AL MEGAPROJECT 9T5D$ TO CONNECT ,NOR? & ,S\? ,AM]ICA ) TRANSPORTATION 9FRA/RUCTURE DESIGN$ TO 9CREASE ! FL[ ( COMMODITIES4 ,DUR+ ! ,ZAPATI/A REBELLION ( #a#i#i#d1 !Y %UT D[N TRANSPORTATION L9ES TO SL[ D[N ! MOVEM5T ( TROOPS1 & !Y ALSO BLOCK$ HI<WAYS & %UT D[N GOV]NM5T (FICES TO SUPPORT ! #bf REBELLION ?R\<\T ,OAXACA4 

,9 #a#i#i#h1 ! ,M9NESOTA ,DEP>TM5T ( ,TRANSPORTATION WANT$ TO R]\TE A HI<WAY ?R\< A P>K 9 ,M9NEAPOLIS ALONG ! CONFLU5CE ( ! ,M9NESOTA & ,MISSISSIPPI RIV]S4 ,! PROPOS$ R]\TE W\LD DE/ROY AN >EA ?AT CONTA9$ OLD TREES1 A PRECI\S OAK ,SAVANNAH ECOSY/EM1 AN ANCI5T FRE%WAT] SPR+1 & SITES SACR$ TO ,NATIVE ,AM]ICANS -- A VITAL WILD SPACE 9 ! MIDDLE ( ! CITY ?AT ALSO S]V$ AS A REFUGE = MANY NEI<BORS4 ,9DIG5\S ACTIVI/S ) ! ,AM]ICAN ,9DIAN ,MOVEM5T & ! ,M5DOTA ,MDEWAKANTON ,DAKOTA ,COMMUNITY CAME TOGE!R TO WORK 9 COALITION ) :ITE RESID5TS1 5VIRONM5TALI/S FROM ,E>? ,FIR/61 & AN>*I/S FROM ALL OV] ! C\NTRY TO HELP /OP ! CON/RUCTION4 ,! RESULT WAS ! ,M9NEHAHA ,FREE ,/ATE1 AN AUTONOM\S ZONE ?AT BECAME ! FIR/ & LONGE/-LA/+ URBAN ANTI-ROAD OCCUPATION 9 ,U,S HI/ORY4 ,= A YE> & A HALF1 HUNDR$S ( PEOPLE OCCUPI$ ! L& TO PREV5T ! ,DEP>TM5T ( ,TRANSPORTATION FROM CUTT+ D[N ! TREES & BUILD+ ! HI<WAY1 & ?\S&S MORE SUPPORT$ & VISIT$ ! ,FREE ,/ATE4 ,! OCCUPATION EMP[]$ C\NTLESS P>TICIPANTS1 RECONNECT$ MANY ,DAKOTA PEOPLE ) !IR H]ITAGE1 WON ! SUPPORT ( MANY NEI<BORS1 CREAT$ A YE>LONG AUTONOM\S ZONE & SELF-ORGANIZ+ COMMUNITY1 & SIGNIFICANTLY DELAY$ ! DE/RUCTION ( ! >EA -- BUY+ TIME DUR+ :I* MANY PEOPLE W]E ABLE TO DISCOV] & 5JOY ! SPACE 9 AN 9TIMATE & SPIRITUAL WAY4 

,TO CRU% ! OCCUPATION1 ! /ATE WAS =C$ TO RESORT TO A V>IETY ( REPRESSIVE TACTICS4 ,! PEOPLE AT ! 5CAMPM5T W]E SUBJECT$ TO H>ASSM5T1 SURVEILLANCE1 & 9FILTRATION4 ,AN >MY ( POLICE (FIC]S RAID$ & DE/ROY$ ! CAMPS REPEAT$LY2 TORTUR$1 HOSPITALIZ$1 & ALMO/ KILL$ PEOPLE2 & C>RI$ \T OV] A HUNDR$ >RE/S4 ,9 ! 5D1 ! /ATE CUT D[N ! TREES & BUILT ! HI<WAY1 BUT ! PROTE/]S DID MANAGE TO SAVE ,COLDWAT] ,SPR+1 :I* IS A SACR$ SITE TO ! >EA'S 9DIG5\S PEOPLES & AN IMPORTANT P>T ( ! LOCAL WAT]%$4 ,! ,NATIVE P>TICIPANTS DECL>$ AN IMPORTANT SPIRITUAL VICTORY4 

,PEOPLE ?R\<\T ,M9NEAPOLIS :O HAD 9ITIALLY SUPPORT$ ! DE/RUCTIVE PROJECT BECAUSE ( ITS SUPPOS$ B5EFITS TO ! TRANSPORTATION SY/EM W]E WON OV] BY ! RESI/ANCE TO SAVE ! P>K1 & CAME TO OPPOSE ! HI<WAY4 ,IF ! DECISION HAD BE5 UP TO !M1 ! HI<WAY W\LD NOT HAVE BE5 BUILT4 ,! ,FREE ,/ATE CREAT$ & NURTUR$ COALITIONS & COMMUNITY BONDS ?AT LA/ TO ?IS DAY1 %AP+ NEW G5]ATIONS ( RADICAL COMMUNITY & 9SPIR+ SIMIL> EF=TS >\ND ! WORLD4 

,\TSIDE ,$9BUR<1 ,SCOTL&1 ECO-AN>*I/S HAVE HAD EV5 MORE SUCCESS SAV+ A =E/4 ,! ,BIL/ON ,GL5 ANTI-ROADS CAMP HAS EXI/$ = OV] SEV5 YE>S AS ( ?IS WRIT+1 DRAW+ ! P>TICIPATION ( HUNDR$S ( PEOPLE & /OPP+ ! CON/RUCTION ( A BYPASS DESIR$ BY L>GE BIOTE* FACILITIES 9 ! >EA4 ,TO ALL[ PEOPLE TO LIVE !RE P]MAN5TLY ) A L[] IMPACT ON ! =E/1 & TO MAKE IT H>D] = POLICE TO EVICT !M1 ! ACTIVI/S HAVE BUILT H\SES UP 9 ! TREES :I* PEOPLE OCCUPY YE> R\ND4 ,! VILLAGE IS C]TA9LY L[ TE*NOLOGY1 BUT IT IS ALSO L[ IMPACT1 & SOME ( ! H\SES >E CLE>LY WORKS ( LOVE1 COM=TABLE 5\< TO BE CONSID]$ P]MAN5T HOMES4 ,! DOZ5 OR SO 9HABITANTS HAVE ALSO BE5 T5D+ ! =E/1 REMOV+ 9VASIVE SPECIES & 5C\RAG+ ! GR[? ( NATIVE SPECIES4 ,! ,BIL/ON ,GL5 TREE VILLAGE IS JU/ ONE 9 A LONG L9E ( ANTI-ROAD OCCUPATIONS & ECOLOGICAL DIRECT ACTIONS 9 ! ,U,K ?AT CREATE A COLLECTIVE =CE ?AT MAKES ! /ATE ?9K TWICE AB\T BUILD+ NEW ROADS OR EVICT+ PROTE/]S4 ,! VILLAGE ALSO CROSSES ! L9E BETWE5 SIMPLY OPPOS+ GOV]NM5T POLICY & CREAT+ NEW SOCIAL RELATIONS ) ! 5VIRONM5T3 9 ! C\RSE ( DEF5D+ IT1 DOZ5S ( PEOPLE HAVE MADE ! =E/ !IR HOME1 & HUNDR$S MORE PEOPLE HAVE P]SONALLY SE5 ! IMPORTANCE ( RELAT+ ) NATURE 9 A RESPECTFUL WAY & DEF5D+ IT FROM ,WE/]N CIVILIZATION4 

,:AT AB\T GLOBAL 5VIRONM5TAL PROBLEMS1 LIKE CLIMATE *ANGE8 

,AN>*I/S DO NOT YET HAVE EXP]I5CE DEAL+ ) GLOBAL PROBLEMS BECAUSE \R SUCCESSES SO F> HAVE ONLY BE5 LOCAL & TEMPOR>Y4 ,/ATELESS1 AN>*IC SOCIETIES ONCE COV]$ ! WORLD1 BUT ?IS WAS LONG BE=E ! EXI/5CE ( GLOBAL 5VIRONM5TAL PROBLEMS LIKE ?OSE CREAT$ BY CAPITALISM4 ,TODAY1 MEMB]S ( MANY ( !SE 9DIG5\S SOCIETIES >E AT ! =EFRONT ( GLOBAL RESI/ANCE TO ! ECOLOGICAL DE/RUCTION CAUS$ BY GOV]NM5TS & CORPORATIONS4 

,AN>*I/S ALSO COORD9ATE RESI/ANCE GLOBALLY4 ,!Y ORGANIZE 9T]NATIONAL PROTE/S AGA9/ MAJOR POLLUT]S & !IR /ATE BACK]S1 SU* AS ! MOBILIZATIONS DUR+ ! ,G#h SUMMITS ?AT HAVE CONV5$ HUNDR$S ( ?\S&S ( PEOPLE FROM DOZ5S ( C\NTRIES TO DEMON/RATE AGA9/ ! /ATES MO/ RESPONSIBLE = GLOBAL W>M+ & O!R PROBLEMS4 ,9 RESPONSE TO ! GLOBAL ACTIVITY ( TRANSNATIONAL CORPORATIONS1 ECOLOGICALLY-M9D$ AN>*I/S %>E 9=MATION GLOBALLY4 ,9 ?IS MANN]1 ACTIVI/S >\ND ! WORLD CAN COORD9ATE SIMULTANE\S ACTIONS AGA9/ CORPORATIONS1 T>GET+ A POLLUT+ FACTORY OR M9E ON ONE CONT95T1 RETAIL /ORES ON ANO!R CONT95T1 & AN 9T]NATIONAL HEADQU>T]S OR %>EHOLD]S' MEET+ ON ANO!R CONT95T4 

,= EXAMPLE1 MAJOR PROTE/S1 BOYCOTTS1 & ACTS ( SABOTAGE AGA9/ ,%ELL ,OIL W]E COORD9AT$ AMONG PEOPLE 9 ,NIG]IA1 ,EUROPE1 & ! ,NOR? ,AM]ICA ?R\<\T ! #a#i#hS & '#iS4 ,9 #a#i#h#f1 AUTONOMI/S 9 ,D5M>K C>RI$ \T MULTIPLE SIMULTANE\S FIRE BOMB+S ( ,%ELL /ATIONS ACROSS ! C\NTRY DUR+ A WORLDWIDE BOYCOTT TO PUNI% ,%ELL = SUPPORT+ ! GOV]NM5T RESPONSIBLE = AP>!ID 9 ,S\? ,AFRICA4 ,9 ! ,NE!RL&S1 ! CL&E/9E ANTI-AU?ORIT>IAN GR\P ,R,>,A 7,REVOLUTION>Y ,ANTI-,RACI/ ,ACTION7 C>RI$ \T A CAMPAIGN ( NONLE?AL BOMB+S AGA9/ ,%ELL ,OIL1 PLAY+ A CRUCIAL ROLE 9 =C+ ,%ELL TO PULL \T ( ,S\? ,AFRICA4 ,9 #a#i#i#e1 :5 ,%ELL WANT$ TO DUMP AN OLD OIL RIG 9 ! ,NOR? ,SEA1 IT WAS =C$ TO AB&ON ITS PLANS BY PROTE/S 9 ,D5M>K & ! ,U,K1 AN OCCUPATION ( ! OIL RIG BY ,GRE5PEACE ACTIVI/S1 & A FIRE BOMB+ & A %OOT+ ATTACK AGA9/ ,%ELL /ATIONS 9 TWO DIFF]5T CITIES 9 ,G]MANY AS WELL AS A BOYCOTT ?AT L[]$ SALES BY T5 P]C5T 9 ?AT C\NTRY4.<#f#g.> ,EF=TS SU* AS !SE PREFIGURE ! DEC5TRALIZ$ GLOBAL NETWORKS ?AT C\LD PROTECT ! 5VIRONM5T 9 AN AN>*I/ FUTURE4 ,IF WE SUCCE$ 9 ABOLI%+ CAPITALISM & ! /ATE1 WE WILL HAVE REMOV$ ! GREATE/ SY/EMIC RAVAG]S ( ! 5VIRONM5T AS WELL AS ! /RUCTURAL B>RI]S ?AT CURR5TLY IMP$E POPUL> ACTION 9 DEF5SE ( NATURE4 

,!RE >E HI/ORICAL EXAMPLES ( /ATELESS SOCIETIES RESPOND+ TO L>GE SCALE1 COLLECTIVE 5VIRONM5TAL PROBLEMS ?R\< DEC5TRALIZ$ NETWORKS4 ,?\< ! PROBLEMS W]E NOT GLOBAL1 ! RELATIVE DI/ANCES !Y FAC$ -- ) 9=MATION TRAVEL+ AT A P$E/RIAN'S PACE -- W]E P]HAPS GREAT] ?AN ! DI/ANCES ?AT M>K TODAY'S WORLD1 9 :I* PEOPLE CAN COMMUNICATE 9/ANTANE\SLY EV5 IF !Y LIVE ON OPPOSITE SIDES ( ! PLANET4 

,TONGA IS A ,PACIFIC >*IPELAGO SETTL$ BY ,POLYNESIAN PEOPLES4 ,BE=E COLONIZATION1 IT HAD A C5TRALIZ$ POLITICAL SY/EM ) A H]$IT>Y LEAD]1 BUT ! SY/EM WAS F> LESS C5TRALIZ$ ?AN A /ATE1 & ! LEAD]'S CO]CIVE P[]S W]E LIMIT$4 ,= #c1#b YE>S1 ! PEOPLE ( ,TONGA W]E ABLE TO MA9TA9 SU/A9ABLE PRACTICES OV] AN >*IPELAGO ( #bhh SQU>E MILES ) T5S ( ?\S&S ( 9HABITANTS4.<#f#h.> ,!RE WAS NO COMMUNICATIONS TE*NOLOGY1 SO 9=MATION TRAVEL$ SL[LY4 ,TONGA IS TOO L>GE = A S+LE F>M] TO HAVE KN[L$GE ( ALL ! ISL&S OR EV5 ALL ( ANY ( ITS L>GE ISL&S4 ,! LEAD] WAS TRADITIONALLY ABLE TO GUIDE & 5SURE SU/A9ABLE PRACTICES NOT ?R\< REC\RSE TO =CE1 BUT BECAUSE HE HAD ACCESS TO 9=MATION FROM ! 5TIRE T]RITORY1 JU/ AS A F$]ATION OR G5]AL ASSEMBLY W\LD IF ! ISL&]S ORGANIZ$ !MSELVES 9 ?AT WAY4 ,IT WAS UP TO ! 9DIVIDUALS :O MADE UP ! SOCIETY TO IMPLEM5T P>TICUL> PRACTICES & SUPPORT ! IDEA ( SU/A9ABILITY4 

,! FACT ?AT A L>GE POPULATION CAN PROTECT ! 5VIRONM5T 9 A DIFFUSE OR DEC5TRALIZ$ MANN]1 )\T LEAD]%IP1 IS AMPLY DEMON/RAT$ BY ! A=EM5TION$ ,NEW ,GU9EA HI<L&]S4 ,AGRICULTURE USUALLY LEADS TO DE=E/ATION AS L& IS CLE>$ = FIELDS1 & DE=E/ATION CAN KILL ! SOIL4 ,MANY SOCIETIES RESPOND BY CLE>+ MORE L& TO COMP5SATE = L[] SOIL PRODUCTIVITY1 ?US AGGRAVAT+ ! PROBLEM4 ,NUM]\S CIVILIZATIONS HAVE COLLAPS$ BECAUSE !Y DE/ROY$ !IR SOIL ?R\< DE=E/ATION4 ,! DANG] ( SOIL ]OSION IS ACC5TUAT$ 9 M\NTA9\S T]RA91 SU* AS ! ,NEW ,GU9EA HI<L&S1 :]E HEAVY RA9S CAN WA% AWAY D5UD$ SOIL 5 MASSE4 ,A MORE 9TELLIG5T PRACTICE1 :I* ! F>M]S 9 ,NEW ,GU9EA P]FECT$1 IS SILVACULTURE3 9TEGRAT+ TREES ) ! O!R CROPS1 COMB9+ OR*>D1 FIELD1 & =E/ TO PROTECT ! SOIL & CREATE SYMBIOTIC *EMICAL CYCLES BETWE5 ! V>I\S CULTIVAT$ PLANTS4 

,! PEOPLE ( ! HI<L&S DEVELOP$ SPECIAL ANTI-]OSION TE*NIQUES TO KEEP FROM LOS+ ! SOIL ( !IR /EEP M\NTA9 VALLEYS4 ,ANY P>TICUL> F>M] MI<T HAVE GA9$ A QUICK ADVANTAGE BY TAK+ %ORTCUTS ?AT W\LD EV5TUALLY CAUSE ]OSION & ROB FUTURE G5]ATIONS ( HEAL?Y SOIL1 YET SU/A9ABLE TE*NIQUES W]E US$ UNIV]SALLY AT ! TIME ( COLONIZATION4 ,ANTI-]OSION TE*NIQUES W]E SPREAD & RE9=C$ US+ EXCLUSIVELY COLLECTIVE & DEC5TRALIZ$ MEANS4 ,! HI<L&]S DID NOT NE$ EXP]TS TO COME UP ) !SE 5VIRONM5TAL & G>D5+ TE*NOLOGIES & !Y DID NOT NE$ BUREAUCRATS TO 5SURE ?AT EV]YONE WAS US+ !M4 ,9/EAD1 !Y RELI$ ON A CULTURE ?AT VALU$ EXP]IM5TATION1 9DIVIDUAL FRE$OM1 SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY1 COLLECTIVE /EW>D%IP ( ! L&1 & FREE COMMUNICATION4 ,EFFECTIVE 9NOVATIONS DEVELOP$ 9 ONE >EA SPREAD QUICKLY & FREELY FROM VALLEY TO VALLEY4 ,LACK+ TELEPHONES1 RADIO1 OR 9T]NET1 & SEP>AT$ BY /EEP M\NTA9S1 EA* VALLEY COMMUNITY WAS LIKE A C\NTRY UNTO ITSELF4 ,HUNDR$S ( LANGUAGES >E SPOK5 )9 ! ,NEW ,GU9EA HI<L&S1 *ANG+ FROM ONE COMMUNITY TO ! NEXT4 ,)9 ?IS M9IATURE WORLD1 NO ONE COMMUNITY C\LD MAKE SURE ?AT O!R COMMUNITIES W]E NOT DE/ROY+ !IR 5VIRONM5T -- YET !IR DEC5TRALIZ$ APPROA* TO PROTECT+ ! 5VIRONM5T WORK$4 ,OV] ?\S&S ( YE>S1 !Y PROTECT$ !IR SOIL & SUPPORT$ A POPULATION ( MILLIONS ( PEOPLE LIV+ AT SU* A HI< POPULATION D5SITY ?AT ! FIR/ ,EUROPEANS TO FLY OV]HEAD SAW A C\NTRY !Y LIK5$ TO ! ,NE!RL&S4 

,WAT] MANAGEM5T 9 ?AT L[L& NOR!RN C\NTRY 9 ! #a#b? & #a#c? C5TURIES PROVIDES ANO!R EXAMPLE ( BOTTOM-UP SOLUTIONS TO 5VIRONM5TAL PROBLEMS4 ,S9CE MU* ( ! ,NE!RL&S IS BEL[ SEA LEVEL & NE>LY ALL ( IT IS 9 DANG] ( FLOOD+1 F>M]S HAD TO WORK CON/ANTLY TO MA9TA9 & IMPROVE ! WAT] MANAGEM5T SY/EM4 ,! PROTECTIONS AGA9/ FLOOD+ W]E A COMMON 9FRA/RUCTURE ?AT B5EFIT$ EV]YBODY1 YET !Y ALSO REQUIR$ EV]YONE TO 9VE/ 9 ! GOOD ( ! COLLECTIVE TO MA9TA9 !M3 AN 9DIVIDUAL F>M] /OOD TO GA9 BY %IRK+ WAT] MANAGEM5T DUTIES1 BUT ! 5TIRE SOCIETY W\LD LOSE IF !RE W]E A FLOOD4 ,?IS EXAMPLE IS ESPECIALLY SIGNIFICANT BECAUSE ,DUT* SOCIETY LACK$ ! AN>*I/IC VALUES COMMON 9 9DIG5\S SOCIETIES4 ,! >EA HAD LONG BE5 CONV]T$ TO ,*RI/IANITY & 9DOCTR9AT$ 9 ITS ECOCIDAL1 HI]>*ICAL VALUES2 = HUNDR$S ( YE>S IT HAD BE5 UND] ! CONTROL ( A /ATE1 ?\< ! EMPIRE HAD FALL5 AP>T & 9 ! #a#b? & #a#c? C5TURIES ! ,NE!RL&S W]E EFFECTIVELY /ATELESS4 ,C5TRAL AU?ORITY 9 ! =M ( *UR* (FICIALS1 FEUDAL LORDS1 & GUILDS REMA9$ /RONG 9 ,HOLL& & ,ZEEL&1 :]E CAPITALISM W\LD EV5TUALLY ORIG9ATE1 BUT 9 NOR!RN REGIONS SU* AS ,FRIESL& SOCIETY WAS L>GELY DEC5TRALIZ$ & HORIZONTAL4 

,AT ?AT TIME1 CONTACT BETWE5 T[NS DOZ5S ( MILES AP>T -- SEV]AL DAYS' TRAVEL -- C\LD BE MORE *ALL5G+ ?AN GLOBAL COMMUNICATION 9 ! PRES5T DAY4 ,DESPITE ?IS DIFFICULTY1 F>M+ COMMUNITIES1 T[NS1 & VILLAGES MANAG$ TO BUILD & MA9TA9 EXT5SIVE 9FRA/RUCTURE TO RECLAIM L& FROM ! SEA & PROTECT AGA9/ FLOOD+ AMID FLUCTUAT+ SEA LEVELS4 ,NEI<BORHOOD C\NCILS1 BY ORGANIZ+ COOP]ATIVE WORK B&S OR DIVID+ DUTIES BETWE5 COMMUNITIES1 BUILT & MA9TA9$ ! DYKES1 CANALS1 SLUICES1 & DRA9AGE SY/EMS NECESS>Y TO PROTECT ! 5TIRE SOCIETY2 IT WAS 0A JO9T APPROA* FROM ! BOTTOM-UP1 FROM ! LOCAL COMMUNITIES1 ?AT F\ND !IR PROTECTION ?R\< ORGANIZ+ !MSELVES 9 SU* A WAY40.<#f#i.> ,SPONTANE\S HORIZONTAL ORGANIZ+ EV5 PLAY$ A MAJOR ROLE 9 ! FEUDAL >EAS SU* AS ,HOLL& & ,ZEEL&1 & IT IS D\BTFUL ?AT ! WEAK AU?ORITIES :O DID EXI/ 9 ?OSE P>TS C\LD HAVE MANAG$ ! NECESS>Y WAT] WORKS BY !MSELVES1 GIV5 !IR LIMIT$ P[]4 ,?\< ! AU?ORITIES ALWAYS TAKE CR$IT = ! CREATIVITY ( ! MASSES1 SPONTANE\S SELF-ORGANIZATION P]SI/S EV5 9 ! %AD[ ( ! /ATE4 

,! ONLY WAY TO SAVE ! PLANET 

,:5 IT COMES TO PROTECT+ ! 5VIRONM5T1 NE>LY ANY SOCIAL SY/EM W\LD BE BETT] ?AN ! ONE WE HAVE N[4 ,CAPITALISM IS ! FIR/ SOCIAL >RANGEM5T 9 HUMAN HI/ORY TO 5DANG] ! SURVIVAL ( \R SPECIES & LIFE ON E>? 9 G5]AL4 ,CAPITALISM PROVIDES 9C5TIVES TO EXPLOIT & DE/ROY NATURE1 & CREATES AN ATOMIZ$ SOCIETY ?AT IS 9CAPABLE ( PROTECT+ ! 5VIRONM5T4 ,UND] CAPITALISM1 ECOCIDE IS LIT]ALLY A RI<T4 ,5VIRONM5TAL PROTECTIONS >E 0TRADE B>RI]S02 PREV5T+ A CORPORATION FROM CLE>-CUTT+ L& IT HAS PUR*AS$ IS A VIOLATION ( PRIVATE PROP]TY & FREE 5T]PRISE4 ,COMPANIES >E ALL[$ TO MAKE MILLIONS ( TONS ( PLA/IC1 MO/ ( IT = ?R[AWAY PACKAG+1 DESPITE ! FACT ?AT !Y HAVE NO PLAN = DISPOS+ ( IT & NOT EV5 ANY IDEA :AT WILL HAPP5 ) IT ALL2 PLA/IC DOES NOT DECOMPOSE1 SO PLA/IC TRA% IS FILL+ UP ! OCEAN & APPE>+ 9 ! BODIES ( M>9E CREATURES1 & IT MAY LA/ MILLIONS ( YE>S4 ,TO SAVE 5DANG]$ RH9OC]OS FROM POA*]S1 GAME W>D5S HAVE />T$ SAW+ (F !IR VALUABLE HORNS2 BUT ! POA*]S >E KILL+ !M ANYWAY BECAUSE ONCE !Y >E EXT9CT1 ! VALUE ( ! FEW REMA9+ BITS ( RH9OC]OS IVORY WILL GO ?R\< ! RO(4 

,& DESPITE ALL ?IS1 UNIV]SITIES HAVE ! AUDACITY TO 9DOCTR9ATE /UD5TS TO BELIEVE ?AT A COMMUNAL SOCIETY W\LD BE 9CAPABLE ( PROTECT+ ! 5VIRONM5T BECAUSE ( ! SO-CALL$ TRAG$Y ( ! COMMONS4 ,?IS MY? IS (T5 EXPLA9$ ?US3 IMAG9E A SOCIETY ( %EEPH]D]S [NS ! GRAZ+ L& 9 COMMON4 ,!Y B5EFIT COLLECTIVELY IF EA* GRAZES A SMALL] NUMB] ( %EEP1 BECAUSE ! PA/URE /AYS F]TILE1 BUT ANY ONE ( !M B5EFITS 9DIVIDUALLY IF HE OV]GRAZES1 BECAUSE HE WILL RECEIVE A GREAT] %>E ( ! PRODUCT -- ?US COLLECTIVE [N]%IP SUPPOS$LY LEADS TO DEPLETION ( RES\RCES4 ,! HI/ORICAL EXAMPLES 9T5D$ TO CORROBORATE ?IS !ORY >E G5]ALLY DRAWN FROM COLONIAL & PO/COLONIAL SITUATIONS 9 :I* OPPRESS$ PEOPLE1 :OSE TRADITIONAL =MS ( ORGANIZATION & /EW>D%IP HAVE BE5 UND]M9$1 >E CR[D$ ONTO M>G9AL L&1 ) PR$ICTABLE RESULTS4 ,! %EEPH]D+ SC5>IO ASSUMES A SITUATION ?AT IS EXTREMELY R>E 9 HUMAN HI/ORY3 A COLLECTIVE COMPRIS$ ( ATOMIZ$1 COMPETITIVE 9DIVIDUALS :O VALUE P]SONAL WEAL? OV] SOCIAL BONDS & ECOLOGICAL HEAL?1 & LACK SOCIAL >RANGEM5TS OR TRADITIONS ?AT CAN GU>ANTEE SU/A9ABLE1 %>$ USE4 

,CAPITALISM HAS ALREADY CAUS$ ! BIGGE/ WAVE ( EXT9CTIONS TO HIT ! PLANET S9CE AN A/]OID COLLISION KILL$ (F ! D9OSAURS4 ,TO PREV5T GLOBAL CLIMATE *ANGE FROM BR++ AB\T TOTAL ECOLOGICAL COLLAPSE1 & /OP POLLUTION & OV]POPULATION FROM KILL+ (F MO/ ( ! PLANET'S MAMMALS1 BIRDS1 AMPHIBIANS1 & M>9E LIFE1 WE HAVE TO ABOLI% CAPITALISM1 HOPEFULLY )9 ! NEXT FEW DECADES4 ,HUMAN-CAUS$ EXT9CTIONS HAVE BE5 APP>5T = AT LEA/ A HUNDR$ YE>S N[4 ,! GRE5H\SE EFFECT HAS BE5 WIDELY ACKN[L$G$ = NE>LY TWO DECADES4 ,! BE/ ?AT ! REPUT$ +5UITY ( FREE 5T]PRISE HAS COME UP ) IS C>BON TRAD+1 A RIDICUL\S F>CE4 ,LIKEWISE1 WE CANNOT TRU/ SOME WORLD GOV]NM5T TO SAVE ! PLANET4 ,A GOV]NM5T'S FIR/ CONC]N IS ALWAYS ITS [N P[]1 & IT BUILDS ! BASE ( ?IS P[] UPON ECONOMIC RELATION%IPS4 ,! GOV]N+ ELITE MU/ MA9TA9 A PRIVILEG$ POSITION1 & ?AT PRIVILEGE DEP5DS ON ! EXPLOITATION ( O!R PEOPLE & ( ! 5VIRONM5T4 

,LOCALIZ$1 EGALIT>IAN SOCIETIES L9K$ BY GLOBAL COMMUNICATION & AW>5ESS >E ! BE/ *ANCE = SAV+ ! 5VIRONM5T4 ,SELF-SUFFICI5T1 SELF-CONTA9$ ECONOMIES LEAVE ALMO/ NO C>BON FOOTPR9T4 ,!Y DON'T NE$ PETROLEUM TO %IP GOODS 9 & WA/E \T1 OR HUGE AM\NTS ( ELECTRICITY TO P[] 9DU/RIAL COMPLEXES TO PRODUCE GOODS = EXPORT4 ,!Y MU/ PRODUCE MO/ ( !IR 5]GY !MSELVES VIA SOL>1 W9D1 BI(UEL1 & SIMIL> TE*NOLOGIES1 & RELY MORE ON :AT CAN BE DONE MANUALLY ?AN ON ELECTRICAL APPLIANCES4 ,SU* SOCIETIES POLLUTE LESS BECAUSE !Y HAVE FEW] 9C5TIVES TO MASS PRODUCTION & LACK ! MEANS TO DUMP !IR BYPRODUCTS ON O!RS' L&4 ,9 PLACE ( BUSY AIRPORTS1 TRAFFIC-CLOGG$ HI<WAYS1 & LONG COMMUTES TO WORK1 WE CAN IMAG9E BICYCLES1 BUSSES1 9T]REGIONAL TRA9S1 & SAILBOATS4 ,LIKEWISE1 POPULATIONS WILL NOT SPIRAL \T ( CONTROL1 BECAUSE WOM5 WILL BE EMP[]$ TO MANAGE !IR F]TILITY & ! LOCALIZ$ ECONOMY WILL MAKE APP>5T ! LIMIT$ AVAILABILITY ( RES\RCES4 

,AN ECOLOGICALLY SU/A9ABLE WORLD W\LD HAVE TO BE ANTI-AU?ORIT>IAN1 SO NO SOCIETY C\LD 5CROA* ON ITS NEI<BORS TO EXP& ITS RES\RCE BASE2 & COOP]ATIVE1 SO SOCIETIES C\LD B& TOGE!R 9 SELF-DEF5SE AGA9/ A GR\P DEVELOP+ IMP]IALI/ T5D5CIES4 ,MO/ IMPORTANTLY1 IT W\LD DEM& A COMMON ECOLOGICAL E?OS1 SO PEOPLE W\LD RESPECT ! 5VIRONM5T RA!R ?AN REG>D+ IT SIMPLY AS RAW MAT]IAL TO EXPLOIT4 ,WE CAN BEG9 BUILD+ SU* A WORLD N[1 BY LE>N+ FROM ECOLOGICALLY SU/A9ABLE 9DIG5\S SOCIETIES1 SABOTAG+ & %AM+ POLLUT]S1 SPREAD+ A LOVE = NATURE & AN AW>5ESS ( \R BIOREGIONS1 & E/ABLI%+ PROJECTS ?AT ALL[ US TO MEET \R NE$S = FOOD1 WAT]1 & 5]GY LOCALLY4 

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