,AN?ROPOLOGY & ,JOHN ,Z]ZAN3 ,A ,BRIEF ,CRITIQUE 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,ANONYM\S 

,TEXT 3 

,AN?ROPOLOGY1 ! /UDY ( HUMAN BE+S ?R\<\T TIME & SPACE1 IS (T5 CRITICIZ$ AS AN?ROPOC5TRIC4 ,?IS IS BECAUSE AN?ROPOLOGI/S T5D TO EXTRACT HUMAN BE+S FROM !IR NATURAL 5VIRONM5TS1 LOOK+ AT !M AS ISOLAT$ ANIMALS ABOVE ALL O!RS1 & ! DOM9ATRIX ( NATURE4 ,AN>*O-PRIMITIVISM1 ! RADICAL CRITIQUE ( CIVILIZATION :I* USES A GREAT DEAL ( AN?ROPOLOGICAL & E?NOGRAPHIC DATA T5DS TO RECONNECT HUMANITY ) NATURE4 

,JOHN ,Z]ZAN IS AN>*O-PRIMITIVISM'S MO/ FAM\S & VOCAL ?9K]4 ,HE HAS PUBLI%$ MANY TEXTS 9 :I* HE GIVES A ?OR\< >GUM5T AGA9/ CIVILIZATION4  ,HE TRACES ! DEMISE ( CIVILIZATION BACK ?R\< DOME/ICATION1 TIME1 >T1 NUMB]S1 LANGUAGE1 & SYMBOLIC ?\<T4 ,HIS >GUM5TS L9K+ !SE TO ! RISE ( CIVILIZATION1 & ?US \R D[NFALL AS A SPECIES1 >E P[]FUL4 ,HE PA9TS A M>VEL\S & ACCURATE PICTURE ( H[ HUMAN BE+S LIV$ AS GA!R]-HUNT]S3 PEACEFUL1 EGALIT>IAN1 SU/A9ABLE1 AFFLU5T1 LITTLE TO NO DIVISION ( LABOR1 FACE TO FACE1 UNM$IAT$ ) ! ,E>?1 & ADV5TUR\S4 ,HE LOOKS AT ! LIFE/YLE & OV]ALL HEAL? ( BO? PRE-CIVILIZATION =AG]S1 & TODAY'S REMA9+ GA!R]-HUNT]S -- :O >E NOT LIV+ FOSSILS BUT PEOPLE :O HAVE MANAG$ TO RESI/ SU* A =CE AS CIVILIZATION4 ,HE USES A LIBR>Y FULL ( E?NOGRAPHIC DATA TO %[ H[ GA!R]-HUNT]S WORK$ F> LESS1 P>TICIPAT$ 9 !IR [N SOCIETY MORE1 W]E ABLE TO DO EV]Y?+ !Y NE$$ TO DO TO SURVIVE & LIVE1 W]E HEAL?I] PSY*OLOGICALLY & PHYSICALLY1 & POSSIBLY EV5 HAPPI] ?AN WE >E TODAY4 ,! EVID5CE IS APP>5T FROM E?NOGRAPHY1 HI/ORICAL WRIT+S1 ,NATIVE WRIT+S1 & BIOAN?ROPOLOGY4 ,H[EV]1 REG>D+ P]HAPS HIS MO/ PR(\ND & DEEP ATTACK ON ! ORIG9S ( ! TOTALITY ( CIVILIZATION -- SYMBOLIC ?\<T & LANGUAGE -- !RE >E SOME PROBLEMS ) HIS >GUM5T4 

,! PROBLEMS CAN BE LOOK$ AT 9 TWO WAYS3 SUP]FICIALLY & DEEP4  ,SUP]FICIALLY1 !RE IS A PROBLEM ) HIS >GUM5T AGA9/ SYMBOLIC ?\<T 9 PRE-CIVILIZ$ HUMAN BE+S4 ,:ILE MANY PHILOSOPH]S1 HI/ORIANS1 & EV5 SOME AN?ROPOLOGI/S HAVE /AT$ ?AT !RE IS SOME?+ 9 SYMBOLS & SYMBOLIC ?\<T ?AT LEADS TO ! ALI5ATION ( ! HUMAN SPECIES FROM NATURE & EA* O!R4 ,:ILE ?IS IS AN 9T]E/+ PROPOSITION ?AT HAS SOME M]IT1 !RE IS NO WAY WE CAN TELL IF PRE-CIVILIZ$ HUMAN BE+S 7GA!R]-HUNT]S1 SCAV5G]S1 ETC47 HAS SYMBOLIC ?\<T4 ,?IS IS SOME?+ ?AT DOES NOT APPE> 9 ! FOSSIL RECORD4 

,H[EV]1 CAVE PA9T+S & ROCK >T1 DAT+ BACK TO >\ND #e1 YE>S AGO -- WELL BE=E CIVILIZATION -- CAN BE SE5 AS EVID5CE ( SYMBOLISM4 ,! IMAGE ( ANIMALS >E TRANSF]R$ TO ROCKS & CAVE WALLS = PURPOSES UNKN[N 7DIDACTIC8  MAGIC874 ,! SYMBOLS1 H[EV] REALI/IC1 /& = SOME?+ \TSIDE !MSELVES -- ! ANIMALS 9 ! LIVES ( HUMAN BE+S4 ,MAK+ MO/ ( ! ANIMALS PREGNANT ALSO DEPICTS SYMBOLISM1 AS MO/ ( ! ANIMALS >\ND !SE E>LY HUMAN BE+S W]E MO/ LIKELY NOT PREGNANT ALL ! TIME4 ,! FACT ?AT !SE PA9T+ W]E F\ND 9 H>D TO REA* & HIDD5 PLACES %[S ?AT !RE WAS A SPECIAL MEAN+ TO !SE ACTS4 

,SIMIL>LY ) ! >GUM5T AGA9/ LANGUAGE1 !RE >E PROBLEMS4 ,OBVI\SLY ALL CONTEMPOR>Y HUMAN BE+S -- CIVILIZ$ OR 0PRIMITIVE0 -- HAVE LANGUAGE4 ,!RE IS NO SU* ?+ AS A 0PRIMITIVE0 LANGUAGE1 MEAN+ A SIMPLE OR NOT COMPLEX LANGUAGE4 ,ALL LANGUAGES >E FILL$ ) COMPLEXITIES REG>D+ SYNTAX1 PHONOLOGICAL COMB9ATIONS1 PRONUNCIATION & 9FLECTION1 ETC4 ,FUR!RMORE1 ALL AN?ROPOLOGICAL DATA REG>D+ ! ORIG9S ( LANGUAGE LOOK AT TWO ?+S3 BRA9 CA/S & ! HYOID BONE4 ,C]TA9 REGIONS ( ! BRA9 >E CONSID]$ TO BE >EAS 9 :I* WE LE>N LANGUAGE1 & ?US BRA9 CA/S -- LIT]ALLY MOLDS MADE FROM ! 9SIDE ( SKULLS -- >E SUPPOS$ TO %$ LI<T ON :O C\LD HAVE ACQUIR$ LANGUAGE4 ,LIKEWISE1 ,! HYOID BONE IS ! BONE RESPONSIBLE = ! ABILITY TO CREATE HUMAN SPEE*1 & IS SUPPOS$ TO BE AN 9DICATOR ( LANGUAGE4  ,Z]ZAN IS CORRECT 9 QUOT+ ?OSE :O CLAIM ?AT WE WILL NEV] KN[ ! ORIG9S ( LANGUAGE1 BUT P]HAPS ! ,NE&]?ALS MAY MAKE A CASE AGA9/ ,Z]ZAN'S CRITIQUE ( LANGUAGE4 ,! ,NE&]?ALS 7#a1-#c1 YE>S AGO7 POSSESS$ EXTREMELY L>GE BRA9S 7L>G] ?AN MOD]N HUMANS7 & HYOID BONES4 ,!Y CREAT$ >T1 TOOLS1 BURI$ !IR DEAD1 & HAD SOME =M ( RELIGION1 SPIRITUALITY1 OR BELIEF 9 ! AFT] LIFE 79F]R$ FROM GRAVE GOODS1 R$ O*]1 & FL[]S F\ND ) ! DEAD AS WELL AS BE> SKULLS POSITION$ 9 CAVES74 ,OBVI\SLY 0PRIMITIVES0 MO/ ( ! EVID5CE SAYS !Y HAVE SYMBOLIC ?\<T & LANGUAGE4 

,SAY+ ?AT LANGUAGE IS A HUMAN ONLY CREATION IS HI<LY AN?ROPOC5TRIC1 & ?IS IS :AT WE CAN 9F] FROM ,Z]ZAN'S >GUM5T4 ,:ILE ,LANGUAGE 7CAPITAL ,L7 MAY BE A HUMAN CREATION1 LANGUAGE1 OR COMMUNICATION1 IS NOT4 ,ALL ANIMALS HAVE COMMUNICATION SY/EMS1 FROM ! WAGGLE DANCE ( ! BEE 7:]E !RE >E DIFF]5T WAGGLE DANCES = DIFF]5T REASONS & !Y CANNOT BE UND]/OOD \TSIDE !IR REGIONS71 TO ! B>K ( A DOG1 TO ! CALLS & EXPRESSIONS ( PRIMATES4 ,TO CLAIM ?AT HUMAN COMMUNICATION IS COMPLEX1 & ?US SEP>ATE IS RIDICUL\S & AN?ROPOC5TRIC4 ,! FACT ?AT WE CANNOT UND]/& ANIMAL COMMUNICATION PROVES !IR COMPLEXITY4 ,EV5 ,Z]ZAN'S CLAIM ?AT ANIMALS DON'T HAVE LANGUAGE BECAUSE !Y HUNT IS WRONG4 ,ANIMALS >E CON/ANTLY COMMUNICATION1 ?R\< S\ND OR BODY MOVEM5T1 ! SIGNS ( FOOD1 DANG]1 ETC4 ,SOME REMA9 SIL5T DUR+ ! ACTUAL CLIMAX ( ! HUNT1 BUT SIL5CE TOO IS A =M ( COMMUNICATION4 

,Z]ZAN1 9 HIS WRIT+S ON LANGUAGE1 BR+S UP A DEBATE REG>D+ :I* CAME FIR/3 TOOL USE _/ TE*NOLOGY OR LANGUAGE4 ,9 FACT1 !Y >E BO? =MS ( TE*NOLOGY1 & SYMBOLIC ?\<T IS REQUIR$ = BO?4 ,! ABILITY TO HAVE >BITR>Y S\NDS 7WORDS OR GRUNTS7 TO /& = SOME?+ 9 REALITY IS ESS5TIALLY LANGUAGE1 :I* REQUIRES ! PROJECTION ( ! SYMBOLIC -- SYMBOLISM4  ,TO LOOK AT A FEW ROCKS & VISUALIZE A SCRAP] OR ATLATL IS SYMBOLIC ?\<T -- MO/ (T5 CALL$ PRODUCTIVITY1 OR ! ABILITY TO ?9K AB\T ! PA/1 PRES5T1 & FUTURE4 ,!SE >E NOT HUMAN HALLM>KS4 ,ANIMALS1 ESPECIALLY *IMPANZEES1 HAVE DISPLAY$ SYMBOLIC ?\<T1 9 BO? LANGUAGE & PRODUCTIVITY4 ,NO D\BT IT WAS UND]/OOD ?R\< CIVILIZ$ MEANS1 BUT IT %[S ?AT !SE ANIMALS DO ?9K AB\T ?+S BEYOND !IR IMM$IATE SURVIVAL4 ,/RIPP+ AN ANIMAL ( SYMBOLIC ?\<T IS TURN+ IT 9TO A M]E MA*9E -- ACT+ & REACT+ ONLY 9 RESPONSE TO EXT]NAL /IMULI )\T ?9K+ AB\T IT4 ,?IS IS ! RATIONALIZATION ( ! ,5LI<T5M5T -- A DEF9ITE PRECURSOR TO PLANET>Y HUMAN DE/RUCTION4 

,AT TIMES1 IT SEEMS AS ?\< ,JOHN ,Z]ZAN IS CREAT+ A UNIL9EAL SCALE ( CIVILIZ$ EVOLUTION1 BEG9N+ ) ! 9V5TION ( SYMBOLIC ?\<T1 & !N LANGUAGE1 >T1 NUMB]S1 TIME1 AGRICULTURE1 ETC4 ,S9CE !SE ?+S 9CREAS+LY /RET* BACK 9 TIME1 IT MAY SEEM AS ?\< CIVILIZATION WAS 9EVITABLE4 ,BUT ,I KN[ ?IS IS NOT HIS PO9T1 & ?IS IS F> FROM ! TRU?4 ,SO :]E DOES IT LEAVE US8 ,OBVI\SLY LANGUAGE PUTS CON/RA9TS ( \R WAYS ( ?9K+ & ACT+1 BUT SO TOO DOES ! NATURAL 5VIRONM5T4 ,!RE WILL ALWAYS BE A 0LIMIT+ FACTOR01 IF Y\ WANT TO CALL IT ?AT1 TO HUMAN FRE$OM4 ,9UITS CAN'T RUN >\ND NAK$ ALL ! TIME1 EV5 IF !Y REALLY WANT TO1 BECAUSE !Y'LL FREEZE TO DEA?4 ,! 6,KUNG CAN'T BUILD BOATS & O!R WAT]CRAFT BECAUSE !IR 5VIRONM5T DOESN'T ALL[ IT4 ,?IS DOES NOT MEAN WE >E SLAVES TO NATURE1 BUT \R WAYS ( LIFE CAN (T5 BE A REFLECTION ( \R GREAT] CONTEXT4 

,JOHN ,Z]ZAN'S CRITIQUE1 ESPECIALLY ( SYMBOLIC ?\<T & LANGUAGE1 IS EXTREMELY 9T]E/+1 & IT G5]ATES MU* ?\<T4 ,MY COMM5TS1 IF !Y >E CORRECT1 %\LD NOT ?R[ \T ANY PORTION ( HIS >GUM5TS1 = !Y >E ALL V]Y IMPORTANT4 ,P]HAPS ,Z]ZAN'S >GUM5T AGA9/ LANGUAGE %\LD HAVE FOCUS$ MORE ON ! WRITT5 ASPECT ( IT1 :I* DEF9ITELY CO9CIDES ) DOME/ICATION & TAKES & 5TIRE SY/EM ( DOM9ATION & ALI5ATION TO UPHOLD4 

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