,AN?ROPOLOGY 
,WANT ,SOME ,AN>*Y ,) ,?AT8 

#bf 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,LAWR5CE ,J>A* 

,TEXT 3 

,9 #aihc ,I GRADUAT$ FROM COLLEGE ) A BA*ELOR'S DEGREE 9 ,CULTURAL ,AN?ROPOLOGY4 ,DUR+ ?AT TIME ! =EMO/ S*OOL ( ?\<T 9 ! FIELD WAS--AS IT REMA9S--! DISC\RSE ?AT RESULT$ FROM ! PIVOTAL ,MAN ! ,HUNT] SYMPOSIUM ?AT TOOK PLACE AT ! ,UNIV]SITY ( ,*ICAGO 9 #a#i#f#f4 ,?IS EV5T CREAT$ AN UPHEAVAL 9 ! WORLD ( ! HUMANITIES2 BE=E !N1 ! MA9 IDEA 9 AN?ROPOLOGY & O!R SOCIAL SCI5CES WAS ?AT HUNT+ = GAME WAS ! DEF9+ SOCIAL ACTIVITY ( PRIMITIVE PEOPLE.<#a.>4 ,9 ADDITION1 MO/ AN?ROPOLOGI/S /ILL FAVOR$ ,HOBBES' 0NA/Y1 BRUTI%1 & %ORT0 PICTURE ( PRIMITIVE LIFE4 ,?IS SYMPOSIUM *ANG$ ALL ?AT4 ,S9CE !N1 IT IS TAK5 AS A GIV5 7BAS$ ON 9CONTROV]TIBLE E?NOGRAPHIC EVID5CE7 ?AT PRIMITIVE PEOPLE RELY MO/ HEAVILY ON PLANT & SMALL ANIMAL FOODS 7?AT CAN BE EASILY GA!R$ )\T HUNT+7.<#b.>2 SU* CULTURES C\LD MORE ACCURATELY BE REF]R$ TO AS 0GA!R]-HUNT]S0 RA!R ?AN HUNT]-GA!R]S 7! FIR/ T]M EMPHASIZES ! ME?OD PROVID+ ! MO/ CALORIES74 ,! O!R MI/AK5 IDEA ATTRIBUT$ TO PRIMITIVE CULTURES WAS ?AT GA!R]-HUNT] PEOPLE W]E CON/ANTLY ON ! $GE ( />VATION2 ,M>%ALL ,SAHL9S WAS 9/RUM5TAL 9 %[+ ?IS FALLACY ) HIS SUBMISSION 0,! ,ORIG9AL ,AFFLU5T ,SOCIETY40 ,:ILE V>I\S *ALL5GES HAVE BE5 MADE TO HIS IDEA ?AT PRIMITIVE PEOPLE 5GAG$ 9 WORK.<#c.> ON AV]AGE TWO TO ?REE H\RS P] DAY1 ALL :O LOOK AT ! DATA CONCUR ?AT PRIMITIVE PEOPLE WORK F> LESS ?AN ANY S$5T>Y PEOPLE1 NOT TO M5TION ?OSE ( US :O LIVE 9 9DU/RIAL & URBAN C5T]S4 

,IT'S DIFFICULT TODAY TO APPRECIATE ! PR(\ND *ANGES ?AT RESULT$ FROM ! ,MAN ! ,HUNT] SYMPOSIUM & ! MANY >TICLES & BOOKS ?AT CAME \T ( IT4 ,?IS WAS A TIME ( S]I\S TRANS=MATION ( ! FIELD ( AN?ROPOLOGY1 :I* UNTIL !N HAD BE5 A LESS-?AN-/ELL> SOCIAL SCI5CE 9 T]MS ( POSITIVE CONTRIBUTIONS TO ! LIB]ATION ( HUMANITY4 

,A ,%ORT ,HI/ORY ( ! ,UGLY ,SIDE ( ,AN?ROPOLOGY 

,E>LY E?NOGRAPH]S HAD BE5 MISSION>IES1 BR++ ! ,GOSPELS ( ,*RI/IANITY & ,ECONOMIC ,DEVELOPM5T TO ! 0SAVAGES0 ( ,AFRICA & ,ASIA 7MU* LIKE !IR COLLEAGUES HAD ALREADY BE5 DO+ 9 ! ,AM]ICAS74 ,O!RS HAD BE5 EXPLICIT H>B+]S ( COLONIALISM1 ADVANCE RECONNAISSANCE M5 = ,EUROPEAN L&-GRABB]S4 ,REG>DLESS ( :I* PRONG ( ! ATTACK1 !SE E?NOGRAPH]S' REPORTS OV]FL[$ ) ! SAME RACI/ ASSUMPTIONS AB\T 0! NATIVES0 AS ANY GOV]NM5T OR COMPANY ANALYSIS4 

,DESPITE !MSELVES1 H[EV]1 ! AN?ROPOLOGI/S 5GAG$ 9 FIELDWORK 9 ! MID-TO-LATE L#i? C5TURY DID MANAGE TO BR+ MORE OR LESS ACCURATE DESCRIPTIONS ( PRIMITIVE CULTURES TO A ,EURO-,AM]ICAN AUDI5CE 7BO? POPUL> & ACADEMIC1 AS WELL AS (FICIAL74 ,MANY W]E BO? A/ONI%$ & EMB>RASS$ AT :AT !Y F\ND 7MU* LIKE ! REPORTS ( ,COLUMBUS F9D+ ! ,TA9O OV]LY WELCOM+1 & !RE=E NAIVE1 KN[+ AS HE DID :AT HE HAD 9 /ORE = !M73 CULTURES ) NO /ATE1 NO C5TRALIZ$ OR 9/ITUTIONALIZ$ ME*ANISMS ( SOCIAL CONTROL1 NO W>F>E4 ,YET !RE WAS OBVI\SLY SOME K9D ( CULTURE OCCURR+4 ,!RE WAS SOCIAL COHESION BAS$ ON CLE>LY DEF9$ K9%IP PATT]NS 7& A NE>-UNIV]SAL 9CE/ TABOO7 AS WELL AS COH]5T WORLDVIEWS BAS$ ON CULTURALLY SPECIFIC MY?OLOGY & LORE1 SONGS & /ORIES2 C]EMONIES & RITUALS ATTA*$ TO LIFECYCLE EV5TS 7RITES ( PASSAGE ASSOCIAT$ ) ! ATTA9M5T ( ADUL?OOD1 *ILDBE>+1 DEA? & M\RN+74 ,!SE SAVAGES HAD CULTURE--!Y W]5'T JU/ W&]+ >\ND DO+ :ATEV] !Y FELT LIKE2 !RE W]E PL5TY ( PROSCRIPTIONS AS WELL AS DUTIES & OBLIGATIONS4 ,?IS ! E?NOGRAPH]S C\LD NOT AVOID DESCRIB+4 

,!Y W]E BAFFL$ ?AT CULTURE C\LD EXI/ )\T A COMPLICAT$ SY/EM ( MORALITY 7?AT IS1 RELIGION7 OR A PUTATIVELY NEUTRAL 9/ITUTION = DISP5S+ JU/ICE 7?AT IS1 ! ,/ATE74 ,!Y W]E1 9DE$1 FAC+ ! FACT ?AT HUMAN CULTURE C\LD EXI/ QUITE SUCCESSFULLY )\T BO?4 ,BUT AS !RE W]E AN>*I/S 9 !IR HOME C\NTRIES PROMOT+ EXACTLY ?AT IDEA ( A GOOD LIFE )\T RELIGION & ! /ATE1 ! E?NOGRAPH]S 7LOYAL MISSION>IES &_/OR PRO-/ATE COLONIALI/S7 HAD TO DEVISE A NEW T]M TO CAPTURE BO? !IR ASSUMPTIONS AB\T :AT WAS REALLY GO+ ON 9 PRIMITIVE CULTURE1 & !IR %OCK ?AT P]HAPS !SE SAVAGES W]E NOT REALLY ALL ?AT SAVAGE4 ,!Y CREAT$ ! T]M ACEPHAL\S 7)\T A HEAD71 A REFLECTION ( !IR CONVICTION ?AT NO CULTURE C\LD EXI/ )\T HI]>*Y1 :ILE GRUDG+LY ACKN[L$G+ ?AT !SE W]E CULTURES AFT] ALL4 

,F9D+ ! ACTUAL VALUE = RADICALS & AN>*I/S 9 SU* E?NOGRAPHIES REQUIRES A LOT ( READ+ BETWE5 ! L9ES4 ,ONE MU/ FILT] \T ! RACISM1 ! ASSUMPTIONS ( ! POSITIVE VALUE ( HI]>*Y & 9/ITUTIONALIZ$ SOCIAL CONTROLS1 & ! POMP\S SELF-RI<TE\SNESS ( EQUAT+ CULTURAL SOPHI/ICATION ) SUP]IOR FIREP[] &_/OR 9DU/RIAL DEVELOPM5T AS WELL AS ! EXI/5CE ( CAPITALISM4 ,9 ADDITION1 !RE >E ! FILT]S ?AT ! E?NOGRAPH]S PUT ON !IR [N REPORTS1 ESPECIALLY :5 DESCRIB+ ! EXCRETORY & SEXUAL PRACTICES ( !IR SUBJECTS2 ,EUROPEAN--ESPECIALLY ,VICTORIAN--B\RGEOIS MORALITY W\LD JU/ NOT ALL[ C]TA9 ?+S TO BE TALK$ AB\T FRANKLY 9 PR9T OR 9 PUBLIC4 

,AFT] ,MAN ! ,HUNT] 

,ONCE ! MAJORITY DISC\RSE 9 AN?ROPOLOGY %IFT$ T[>D ! GA!R]-HUNT] ANALYSIS1 & ONCE ?AT BECAME LESS %OCK+ TO ! ACADEMIC E/ABLI%M5T1 IT C\LD BE REPORT$ ?AT PRIMITIVE PEOPLE HAD A GOOD LIFE4 ,NOT ONLY ?AT1 BUT MANY E?NOGRAPH]S C\LD BEG9 TO DISCUSS ! EGALIT>IANISM ( GA!R]-HUNT]S RELATIVE TO CLASS-BAS$ SOCIETIES4 ,:ILE ?AT S\NDS LIKE A FUR!R BL[ TO ! PRO-HI]>*Y1 PRO-/ATE DISC\RSE ( PREVI\S E?NOGRAPHY1 IT /ILL HIDES ,EURO-,AM]ICAN CULTURAL ASSUMPTIONS4 

,TO GIVE AN EXAMPLE ?AT ILLU/RATES ?IS PROBLEM1 ,EUROPEAN E?NOGRAPH]S :O SPECIALIZ$ 9 /UDY+ MUSICAL TRADITIONS KNEW ?AT ,AFRICAN PEOPLE DID NOT %>E ! #a#b-TONE SCALE ( ,EUROPEAN MUSIC !ORY4 ,!RE=E !Y ALREADY KNEW ?AT ,AFRICAN FOLK MUSIC W\LD HAVE NO H>MONY1 & BECAUSE !Y KNEW ALL ?AT1 :5 !Y HE>D ,AFRICAN FOLK MUSIC !Y HE>D NO H>MONIES1 & C\LD !N REPORT ) GREAT AU?ORITY ?AT H>MONY WAS UNKN[N 9 ,AFRICA4.<#d.> ,ANYONE TODAY :O HAS LI/5$ TO E>LY RECORD+S ( ! SAME MUSIC WILL F9D ?AT ABSURD4 

,SIMIL>LY1 :5 MALE E?NOGRAPH]S DISC]N EGALIT>IANISM AMONG PRIMITIVE PEOPLE1 IT IS ! EGALIT>IANISM ?AT EXI/S BETWE5 ADULT M54 ,!RE IS AN ALMO/ UNIV]SAL G5D]-BAS$ DIVISION ( LABOR AMONG PRIMITIVE PEOPLE1 :I* FO/]S & IS FO/]$ BY A SY/EM ( FAIRLY /RICT G5D]-BAS$ SEGREGATION ( ACTIVITIES1 ALONG ) !IR ATT5DANT RE/RICTIONS1 DUTIES1 & RESPONSIBILITIES4 ,!RE >E ONLY A FEW CULTURES :]E WOM5 OR *ILDR5 >E ALL[$ TO P>TICIPATE 9 HUNT+1 & NONE ?AT ,I KN[ ( :]E WOM5 >E ALL[$ TO 5GAGE 9 RAID+ OR O!R =MS ( >M$ COMBAT ) NEI<BOR+ PEOPLE4 ,WOM5 MAKE WOM5'S G>M5TS 7OR ALL G>M5TS72 M5 MAY OCCASIONALLY CONTRIBUTE RAW OR DECORATIVE MAT]IAL4 ,WOM5 MAKE BASKETS & O!R IMPLEM5TS ASSOCIAT$ ) FOOD GA!R+ & PREP>ATION4 ,?IS IS NOT ! K9D ( EGALIT>IANISM ?AT ,I 7& MANY O!R AN>*I/S7 W\LD APPRECIATE AS AN AN>*I/ EGALIT>IANISM4 ,9DE$1 !RE >E MANY ASPECTS ( PRIMITIVE CULTURES ?AT %\LD MAKE AN>*I/S PAUSE1 FROM 9FANTICIDE TO SELF-MUTILATION1 FROM WIFE-BEAT+ TO CANNIBALISM4 

,BY ! MID-#gS1 AS ! PO/-,MAN ! ,HUNT] G5]ATION ( AN?ROPOLOGI/S 5T]$ ! ACADEMY1 & A NEW S*OOL ( ?\<T TOOK HOLD ( AN?ROPOLOGY4 ,BAS$ 9 A NEW G5]ATION ( ACADEMICS :O W]E /EEP$ 9 ! LEFTI/ IDEOLOGIES ( ,CULTURAL ,/UDIES1 ANTI-COLONIALISM1 & ,?IRD ,WORLD NATIONAL LIB]ATIONISM1 CULTURAL RELATIVISM BECAME ! MAJORITY DISC\RSE4 ,CULTURAL RELATIVISM IS BAS$ ON ! IDEA ?AT ! CU/OMS & *>ACT]I/ICS ( A P>TICUL> CULTURE %\LD BE JUDG$ ON !IR [N T]MS2 IT IS PRESUMPTU\S1 COLONIALI/1 & RACI/ = ,EUROPEANS OR ,AM]ICANS TO JUDGE ANY P>T ( ANO!R CULTURE1 SO A NEW S5SITIVITY TO ! TEMPTATION TO RIDICULE OR CONDEMN CAME TO DOM9ATE AN?ROPOLOGICAL DISC\RSE4 ,TO A L>GE DEGREE ?IS REMA9S ! DOM9ANT DISC\RSE AMONG LEFT-LIB]ALS 9 ! SOCIAL SCI5CES4 

,! PROBLEM ) CULTURAL RELATIVISM IS ?AT DESPITE IT SUPPOS$LY BE+ ! OPPOSITE ( ! PAT]NALI/IC & AU?ORIT>IAN E?NOGRAPHY ( ! PREVI\S C5TURY1 & DESPITE ! APPE>ANCE ( TOL]ANCE & AN AUTOMATIC ACCEPTANCE ( O!RS1 IT IS 9 ACTUALITY PR(\NDLY CONS]VATIVE4.<#e.> ,IT PROMOTES ! MA9T5ANCE ( BRUTALITY = ! SAKE ( ANTI-RACISM4 ,CULTURAL RELATIVI/S CLAIM ?AT ANY ATTEMPT TO CURTAIL OR 5D ! PRACTICE ( CLITORIDECTOMY OR FEMALE 9FANTICIDE IS RACI/ & COLONIALI/4 ,CULTURAL RELATIVI/S >E COMPLICIT 9 ! MA9T5ANCE ( ! AMPUTATION ( KNUCKLES ( WOM5 :OSE MALE RELATIVES HAVE DI$4 ,SU* PRACTICES MAKE S5SE TO ! PEOPLE 9 ! CULTURES :O 5GAGE 9 !M--H[ PRESUMPTU\S TO TELL !M ?AT !SE ASPECTS ( !IR CULTURE >E H>MFUL6 ,?OSE >E ! SAME ANTI-RACI/S :O FI<T = ! RI<T TO EAT DOGS 9 V>I\S ,*9A T[NS 9 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES--SO :AT IF DOGS >E COMPANION ANIMALS TO ,AM]ICANS8 ,?AT'S A CULTURALLY SPECIFIC 7,ANGLO7 VALUE ( KEEP+ DOGS AS PETS ?AT %\LDN'T RE/RICT ! EQUALLY VALUABLE CULTURALLY SPECIFIC 7,ASIAN7 VALUE ( DOG MEAT4 

,IT IS 9T]E/+ ?AT MO/ ( ! PRACTICES ?AT >E F\ND TO BE ABHORR5T TO ,EUROPEANS & ,AM]ICANS >E ?OSE 9FLICT$ UPON WOM51 GIRLS1 & ANIMALS2 ,EURO-,AM]ICAN CULTURAL MY?OLOGY PROMOTES ! PROTECTION ( ?OSE :O >E SUPPOS$LY DEF5SELESS 7LIKE WID[S1 ORPHANS1 & .</RAY.> ANIMALS74 ,A QU&>Y EXI/S2 !RE IS A CLA% BETWE5 CULTURAL VALUES1 & ! HI/ORY & LEGACY ( COLONIAL DOM9ATION ( ! GLOBAL S\? BY ,EUROPEANS & ,AM]ICANS CAN P>ALYZE ! HUMANIT>IAN IMPULSES ( MANY AN?ROPOLOGI/S4 ,UN=TUNATELY MO/ NON-RELATIVI/ AN?ROPOLOGI/S1 BE+ TI$ TO ! ACADEMY1 >E SUPPORT]S ( SOME K9D ( /ATE-SPONSOR$ 9T]V5TION :5 !RE'S A PROGRAM TO ]ADICATE CULTURAL PRACTICES !Y F9D UNSAVORY4 

,:AT ,AN?ROPOLOGY ,TAU<T ,ME 

,BE+ TRA9$ & GETT+ A DEGREE 9 ,CULTURAL ,AN?ROPOLOGY TAU<T ME AB\T ! REALITY--NOT JU/ ! DREAMY UTOPIAN POSSIBILITY--( LIFE )\T ! ,/ATE & O!R HI]>*ICAL 9/ITUTIONS & ME*ANISMS ( SOCIAL CONTROL 7POLICE1 C\RTS1 PRISONS74 ,?IS CONDITION ( AN>*Y.<#f.> REFLECTS ! SUCCESSFUL ADAPTATION ( HUMANS = #i#i.0 ( \R HI/ORY 7?AT IS1 ! TIME BE=E ! 9V5TION ( AGRICULTURE74 ,?IS PRIMITIVE LIFE IS NOT NECESS>ILY A PLACE :]E ,I W\LD WANT TO LIVE1 NOR IS IT RECOGNIZABLE AS A DELIB]ATELY AN>*I/ SOCIETY2 NEV]!LESS1 IT IS A PLACE :]E !RE IS NO ,/ATE 7NOT EV5 A H9T ( ONE71 NO ECONOMY1 NO WIDESPREAD 5VIRONM5TAL DEVA/ATION1 & NO W>4 

,HAV+ AN $UCATION 9 AN?ROPOLOGY DEF9ITELY HELP$ ME TO 5GAGE CRITICALLY ) ! WORLD4 ,IT TAU<T ME H[ TO READ BETWE5 ! L9ES ( ACADEMIC DISC\RSE1 H[ TO F9D ! PREJUDICES & ASSUMPTIONS ( AU?ORS & TEA*]S1 & H[ TO MAKE MY [N >GUM5TS4 ,9 ! PROCESS ,I WAS ABLE TO RECOGNIZE ! /R5G? & DURABILITY ( MY?OLOGY1.<#g.> 9 ACADEMIA AS WELL AS 9 RADICAL POLITICS4 ,?IS 9 TURN SPURR$ ME ON TO A DESIRE TO REJECT IDEOLOGICAL RIGIDITY 9 BO? >EAS1 & IS ONE ( ! REASONS ,I DECID$ NOT TO GO TO GRADUATE S*OOL4 ,& :ILE ! VA/ MAJORITY ( MY USEFUL $UCATION HAS OCCURR$ S9CE MY GRADUATION1 ?IS PROCESS C]TA9LY W\LD HAVE BE5 MU* SL[] )\T /UDY+ AN?ROPOLOGY4 

.<#a.> ,! T]M PRIMITIVE REF]S TO ?OSE CULTURAL GR\PS ?AT HAVE NO AGRICULTURE1 NO P]MAN5T SETTLEM5TS1 NO =MAL 9/ITUTIONS ( ANY K9D4 ,GA!R]-HUNT]S1 PA/ORALI/S1 & HORTICULTURALI/S >E ! GR\PS TO :I* ?IS CATEGORIZATION APPLY4 ,!Y >E BY DEF9ITION UNCIVILIZ$3 !Y DO NOT RESIDE 9 CITIES4 

.<#b.> ,UP TO #h.0 ( TOTAL CALORIC 9TAKE 9 ! CASES ( CULTURAL GR\PS LIV+ 9 TEMP]ATE & TROPICAL 5VIRONM5TS2 PEOPLE :O LIVE ABOVE ! ,>CTIC ,CIRCLE1 ON ! O!R H&1 HAVE LITTLE ACCESS TO PLANT FOODS1 SO !IR DIET IS ALMO/ #a.0 ANIMAL-BAS$ FROM HUNT+4 

.<#c.> ,BY WORK ,I MEAN ACTIVITIES ?AT >E NECESS>Y = SURVIVAL1 SU* AS FOOD GA!R+ & PREP>ATION1 MAK+ UT5SILS1 HUNT+ EQUIPM5T1 CLO?+ 7:5 APPLICABLE71 MA9TA9+ %ELT]S1 *ILD-RE>+1 ETC4 

.<#d.> ,FOLK MUSIC IS ! MUSIC ?AT PEOPLE PLAY BY LI/5+ TO O!R FOLK MUSICIANS2 MORE SPECIFICALLY1 IT IS MUSIC ?AT IS NOT 9FLU5C$ OR TAU<T BJ8 MUSICIANS :O,VE BE5 TRA9$ 9 MUSIC !ORY4 ,?IS APPLIES TO ANY CULTURE ?AT HAS A SY/EM ( MUSIC !ORY & /&>DIZ$ MUSICAL $UCATION4 ,! OPPOSITE ( FOLK IS CLASSICAL4 ,! ASSUMPTION ( SUP]IORITY IS 9H]5T 9 ! T]M9OLOGY4 ,SIMIL>LY1 ! T]M SUP]/ITION IS LOAD$ ) ! SAME CULTURAL ASSUMPTIONS2 ! MORE POLITE WAY TO DESCRIBE IT IS FOLK RELIGION1 TO DI/+UI% IT FROM A PRESUM$ REAL RELIGION4 ,! HI]>*ICAL PREJUDICE IS ?AT FOLK IS A SYNONYM = UNSOPHI/ICAT$ OR IGNORANT4 

.<#e.> ,! SAME IS TRUE ( ! IDEOLOGY ( ,POLITICAL ,CORRECTNESS4 ,9ITIALLY A WAY ( TALK+ AB\T NONDOM9ANT *>ACT]I/ICS 9 A WAY ?AT IS S5SITIVE TO ! JUDGM5TALISM 9H]5T 9 ! *OICE ( T]M9OLOGY 7SEE FOOTNOTE #d71 ,P,C DISC\RSE HAS BECOME A SELF-P>ODY ( EUPHEMISM & OBFUSCATION4 

.<#f.> ,?IS IS NOT ! PLACE TO REHE>SE OR EXPLA9 9 ANY DETAIL ! DI/9CTION BETWE5 AN>*Y 7A CONDITION ( EXI/5CE )\T ! ,/ATE & GOV]NM5T7 & AN>*ISM 7AN IDEOLOGY ?AT POSITS ?AT CONDITION AS DESIRABLE & ATTA9ABLE US+ AN>*I/ ME?ODS74 

.<#g.> ,A MY? IS NOT ! SAME AS A LIE OR A TALL TALE 7AL?\< !RE >E DEF9ITELY ASPECTS ( MY?OLOGY ?AT >E ABSURD OR FALSE74 ,MY?S EXPLA9 CULTURALLY SPECIFIC IDEAS AB\T ! WORLD 9HABIT$ BY MEMB]S ( ?AT CULTURE2 !Y >E /ORIES TOLD BY ?OSE MEMB]S TO O!R MEMB]S & !Y >E SUPPOS$ TO 7& USUALLY DO7 MAKE S5SE )9 ?AT SPECIFIC CONTEXT1 SO IT DOESN'T MATT] :E!R !Y >E OBJECTIVELY TRUE OR NOT4 ,! CULTURALLY SPECIFIC WORLDVIEW REFLECT$ 9 MY?S IS /R5G!N$ BY ?OSE V]Y MY?S4 ,9 ,EURO-,AM]ICAN CULTURE1 MY?S >E %R\D$ 9 SUPPOS$ OBJECTIVITY 7A LEGACY ( ! PRESUMPTIONS ( ,5LI<T5M5T ?9K+--! BULK ( :I* IS DELI<TFULLY MY?OLOGICAL71 MASK+ ! PHILOSOPHICAL & IDEOLOGICAL ASSUMPTIONS BEH9D !M4 ,IT IS ?IS MIXTURE ( PHILOSOPHY & IDEOLOGY ?AT MAKES = ! DURABILITY ( MY?OLOGY4 

,FROM 3 ,!,AN>*I/,LIBR>Y4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,NOVEMB] #c1 #be 3 ,AN?ROPOLOGY -- ,PUBLICATION4 
,APRIL #b#d1 #bb 3 ,AN?ROPOLOGY -- ,ADD$4 
,JANU>Y #d1 #bbb 3 ,AN?ROPOLOGY -- ,UPDAT$4 

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