,ASPECTS ( ,AN>*ISM 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,AN>*I/ ,F$]ATION 

,TEXT 3 

,A,N,>,*,I,/ ,C,O,M,M,U,N,I,S,M 

  

,A,N,>,*,I,/ ,C,O,M,M,U,N,I,S,M IS A DI/9CT BODY ( REVOLUTION>Y SOCIAL & POLITICAL IDEAS4 ,IT (F]S A RADICAL ALT]NATIVE TO ! /ATI/ BELIEF SY/EMS :I* HAVE PROV$ !IR BANKRUPTCY 9 ! TW5TIE? C5TURY4 

,M>XISM1 9 BO? ITS ,BOL%EVIK & SOCIAL DEMOCRATIC V>IETIES1 HAS PROV$ A DISA/R\S FAILURE4 ,SOCIALISM1 & ! O!R IDEOLOGIES BAS$ UPON CAPITALISM SU* AS FASCISM & LIB]AL DEMOCRACY HAVE PROV$ OV]TLY MURD]\S OR HYPOCRITICALLY SO4 ,ONLY AN>*I/ COMMUNISM REMA9S TO BE TE/$ AS A FULLY COH]5T APPROA* TO ORGANIZ+ ! WORLD4 ,AS ! SECOND MILL5NIUM PASS$1 ITS LA/ C5TURY SAW ! ALMO/ UNRE/RA9$ RISE ( ! ,/ATE & ) IT VIRTUALLY CONT9U\S W>F>E - PLUND] DRESS$ UP AS ! 0GLOBAL ECONOMY0 & ECOLOGICAL DEVA/ATION4 ,! PEOPLE ( ! WORLD TODAY DES]VE MU* MORE ?AN HAS BE5 AVAILABLE TO ! GREAT MAJORITY SO F>4 

,! RISE ( CAPITALISM1 ! TE*NOLOGICAL /ATE & IMP]IALISM >E ELIM9AT+ ! HUMAN FACTOR FROM SOCIAL LIFE4 ,! 9DIVIDUAL 9 ! ADVANC$ 9DU/RIALIZ$ /ATE IS REMOV$ FROM ! COMMUNITY & ISOLAT$ 9 CONCRETE BOXES1 ) TELEVISION AS ! MA9 L9K TO ! WORLD \TSIDE4 ,! POOR MAJORITY 9 ,AFRICA1 ,LAT9 ,AM]ICA & ,ASIA /RUGGLE TO SURVIVE AS !IR WAY ( LIFE IS 9CREAS+LY DICTAT$ BY ! NE$S ( AN 9SATIABLE GLOBAL ECONOMY1 ) !IR [N ELITES 5C\RAG+ & B5EFIT+ FROM ?IS EXPLOITATION4 ,RACISM & NATIONALISM >E IF ANY?+ /RONG]1 /IRR$ UP BY V>I\S ELEM5TS 9 ! RUL+ CLASS & TAK5 UP BY MANY PEOPLE 9 ! WORK+ CLASS AS !Y SEE CAN SEE NO O!R ANSW] TO !IR PROBLEMS4 ,WOM5 >E UND] ATTACK WORLD-WIDE ) ! RISE ( RELIGI\S FUNDAM5TALISM & ! G5]ALIZ$ OBSESSION ) ! 0DECL9E ( ! FAMILY0 & 0MORAL VALUES04 

,AN>*I/ COMMUNISM IS ! ALT]NATIVE4 ,IT PLACES ! 9DIVIDUAL AT ! C5T] ( ITS APPROA*1 = ONLY ACTIVE1 ?9K+ P]SONS CAN EV] BE FREE4 ,H[EV]1 ! 9DIVIDUAL DOES NOT EXI/ AP>T FROM ! RE/ ( HUMANITY4 ,CAPITALI/ EXPLOITATION :IL/ DE/ROY+ 0NATURAL0 COMMUNITIES HAS CREAT$ & IS CREAT+ SOCIAL SOLID>ITY ON ! BASIS ( CLASS ID5TITY & REALITY1 :]E PEOPLE *OOSE TO ID5TIFY ) EA* O!R RA!R ?AN BE+ =C$ 9TO A COMMUNITY BECAUSE ( TRADITION4 ,! RUL+ CLASSES ( ! WORLD >E WAG+ A DESP]ATE CLASS W> AGA9/ NUM]ICALLY-VA/ POPULATIONS ( WORK]S & PEASANTS4 ,9 ! SE>* = PR(ITS ! PRODUC+ CLASSES >E SUBJECT TO EV]-MORE SAVAGE ASSAULTS4 ,BUT IT IS \T ( ?IS /RUGGLE BETWE5 EXPLOIT] & EXPLOIT$1 BETWE5 ! OPPRESSORS & ! OPPRESS$1 ?AT ! MASS ( ! POPULATION WILL A*IEVE HUMAN FRE$OM4 ,SOCIAL REVOLUTION IS ! ONLY WAY ( A*IEV+ ?IS LIB]ATION4 

,A ,UTOPIAN ,DREAM 

  

,AN>*I/ COMMUNISM IS (T5 ATTACK$ AS BE+ A UTOPIAN DREAM S9CE IT IS BO? ANTI-CAPITALI/ & ANTI-/ATE4 ,! >GUM5T GOES ?AT BO? ( !SE >E NECESS>Y BECAUSE ( 0HUMAN NATURE04 ,WON'T NEW =MS ( EXPLOITATION & NEW CLASSES >ISE8 ,ISN'T IT 9EVITABLE ?AT SOME PEOPLE HAVE MORE P[] ?AN O!RS8 ,ISN'T ! /ATE NECESS>Y TO KEEP ORD]8 ,WE SAY A L\D 0NO60 TO !SE >GUM5TS4 ,)9 ! G5]AL CONTEXT ( A /ATELESS & MONEYLESS SOCIETY1 ! NEW SOCIETY WILL CREATE COMMUNITIES & O!R SOCIAL RELATIONS :I* WILL BE EXPRESSIONS ( 9DIVIDUAL & SOCIAL DESIRES4 ,!RE IS NO ANTAGONISM H]E BETWE5 ! 9DIVIDUAL & ! COLLECTIVE = TWO REASONS4 ,FIR/LY1 ! 9DIVIDUAL BELONGS TO & SURVIVES )9 ! CONTEXT ( ! COLLECTIVE1 SO ! AFF9ITY GR\PS1 CO-OP]ATIVES1 9DU/RIAL & NEI<BORHOOD C\NCILS :I* WILL ACT AS ! SOCIAL MEANS ( ORGANIZ+ & ACT+ 9 SOCIETY WILL SIMPLY BE EXT5SIONS ( ! 9DIVIDUAL )9 SOCIETY4 ,SECONDLY1 ALL SY/EMS & GR\PS E/ABLI%$ TO GET ?+S DONE WILL HAVE BUILT 9TO !M A NUMB] ( DEVICES PREV5T+ ! ABUSE ( P[]4 ,!Y WILL BE ASSEMBLIES ( ?OSE PEOPLE DIRECTLY 9VOLV$1 AFFECT$ BY OR ) AN 9T]E/ 9 :ATEV] IS BE+ DONE OR PROPOS$ & %\LD ANY =M ( DELEGATION BE NECESS>Y !N ! DELEGATES WILL BE DIRECTLY ELECT$1 EASILY-REMOVABLE & TEMPOR>Y4 

,ALSO1 GIV5 ! DEVELOPM5T ( COMMUNICATIONS TE*NOLOGY1 MASS P>TICIPATION1 EI!R )9 A POPUL> ASSEMBLY OR VIA L9KUPS ( LOCAL GR\PS & 9DIVIDUALS1 WILL BE POSSIBLE4 ,SOCIETY WILL DEP5D ( FULL ACCESS TO & COMMUNICATION ( 9=MATION4 ,! ASSEMBLIES AT ! LOCAL1 DI/RICT OR REGIONAL LEVELS WILL BE ABLE TO PLAN = ! FUTURE ON ! BASIS ( 9PUT FROM P>TICIPATION AT V>I\S /AGES ( ! PEOPLES' ASSEMBLIES4 ,WE'VE US$ A T]RITORIAL EXAMPLE H]E BUT ! PR9CIPLE C\LD APPLY TO ALL =MS ( COOP]ATION & WORK-9-SOLID>ITY1 NO MATT] :]E IT HAPP5S4 ,GIV5 ?AT !RE WILL BE NO CO]CIVE /ATE APP>ATUS TO 5=CE DECISIONS MADE )9 ! V>I\S POPUL> ORGANIZATIONS1 !RE WILL BE NO PHYSICAL IMPOS+ ( UNDESIRABLE OPTIONS4 ,! AIM ?R\<\T WILL BE TO A*IEVE RESULTS ON ! BASIS ( CONS5SUS & COMPROMISE4 

,AN>*I/ COMMUNI/ SOCIETY WILL BE A MONEYLESS SOCIETY4 ,GOODS & S]VICES WILL BE MADE AVAILABLE ON ! BASIS ( NE$ ) SOCIETY AS A :OLE DET]M9+ PRIORITIES = PRODUCTION & LEVELS ( CONSUMPTION4 ,PEOPLE WILL NE$ TO ?9K AB\T & PLAN ?IS BUT ! HORROR /ORIES ( 'FE$+ FR5ZIES' OR PEOPLE /OCKPIL+ GOODS >E %E] FANTASIES4 ,!RE IS A LIMIT TO ! NUMB] ( ?+S ?AT PEOPLE CAN CONSUME1 POSSESSIV5ESS WILL BECOME AN AB]RATION NOT ! NORM1 !RE WILL BE NO 'WEAL?' TO ACCUMULATE1 NO ADV]TIS+ TO OV]-/IMULATE DEM& & $UCATION AB\T ! B5EFITS ( %>+1 SOLID>ITY & COOP]ATION2 ALL WILL NATURALLY LIMIT DEM& & ALL[ PRODUCTION & CONSUMPTION TO BE BALANC$4 ,ONE ( ! FUNCTIONS ( MONEY IS TO ACT AS A 0/ORE ( VALUE04 ,?IS ALL[S 9DIVIDUALS 9 CAPITALI/ SOCIETIES TO ACCUMULATE 5ORM\S SUMS WELL 9 EXCESS ( :AT !Y CAN EV] SP5D4 ,9 A MONEYLESS SOCIETY !RE IS NO MEAN ACCUMULAT+ WEAL?1 ?US CREAT+ ANO!R OB/ACLE TO ! REEM]G5CE ( A RUL+ CLASS4 

,IT MAY BE OBJECT$ ?AT ?IS BASIS ( SOCIAL ORGANIZATION IS F9E = LOCAL VILLAGE-SIZ$ POPULATIONS BUT IS UNWORKABLE ON A L>GE SCALE4 ,H[EV]1 !RE IS NO REASON :Y IT C\LD NOT OP]ATE ON A L>G] SCALE IF IT IS BAS$ ON ! PR9CIPLES ( VOLUNT>Y COOP]ATION & F$]ATION1 :I* W\LD /ILL ALL[ = FRE$OM & SOLID>ITY4 ,EV5 )9 CAPITALISM HUGE ORGANIZATIONS & CORPORATIONS >E (T5 LITTLE MORE ?AN CONGLOM]ATIONS ( SMALL GR\PS ORGANIZ$ )9 A GIV5 MANAG]IAL /RUCTURE4 ,LOCAL SMALL-SCALE EF=TS >E *ANNEL$ 9 A P>TICUL> DIRECTION4 ,!RE IS NO REASON ?OSE EF=TS C\LD NOT BE ORGANIZ$ VOLUNT>ILY = ! COMMON & 9DIVIDUAL GOOD ) ! 9ITIATIVE COM+ FROM BEL[4 

,= AN AN>*I/ COMMUNI/ SOCIETY TO OP]ATE EFFECTIVELY1 $UCATION 9 ! WIDE/ S5SE MU/ PRIORITIZE A SOCIALIZATION /RESS+ P]SONAL GR[?1 A LOVE ( FRE$OM TOGE!R ) A S5SE ( RESPONSIBILITY1 & SOLID>ITY4 ,CAPITALI/ $UCATION HAS EFFECTIVELY GA9$ AN ACCEPTANCE AMONG MO/ ( ! POPULATION ( A SY/EM ?AT EXPLOITS !M ?R\< A SUBTLE PROCESS ( BRA9WA%+ & A DI/ORTION ( ! NATURAL T5D5CY T[>DS SOCIAL SOLID>ITY BY /RESS+ PATRIOTISM1 NATIONALISM OR LOYALTY TO ! COMPANY4 ,AN AN>*I/ COMMUNI/ APPROA* TO $UCATION W\LD ALL[ ! NATURAL T5D5CIES TO DEVELOP SO ?AT 9DIVIDUALS W\LD HE ABLE EFFECTIVELY TO P>TICIPATE 9 ! NEW SOCIETY ) CONFID5CE & ! MUTUAL RESPECT ?AT COMES FROM A DESIRE TO ASSOCIATE & CO-OP]ATE4 

,MO/ O!R IDEOLOGIES AIM TO DOM9ATE & CONTROL NATURE & 9DE$ ! LA/ C5TURIES HAVE WITNESS$ A TOTAL TRANS=MATION ( ! NATURAL WORLD AS IT HAS BE5 TWI/$ & DI/ORT$ TO FIT ! SUPPOS$ NE$S ( HUMAN BE+S4 ,N[ NATURE IS GIV+ ITS REPLY1 TO SU* AN EXT5T ?AT ! V]Y EXI/5CE ( HUMANITY IS ?REAT5$4 ,AN>*I/ COMMUNISM SEEKS TO WORK 9 H>M ) NATURAL =CES1 UTILIZ+ APPROPRIATE LEVELS ( TE*NOLOGY TO MEET PEOPLE'S NE$S4 ,!RE >E 5\< RES\RCES ON ! PLANET TO PROVIDE A LIV+ = ALL1 )\T DE/ROY+ ! PLANET 9 ! PROCESS4 

,AN>*I/ COMMUNISM IS ! ONLY IDEOLOGY :I* *ALL5GES ALL EXPLOITATION & OPPRESSION1 :E!R IT BE ( WORK]S BY BOSSES1 WOM5 BY M5 OR ! 5VIRONM5T BY HUMAN BE+S4 ,IT ALONE EMPHASIZES BO? FRE$OM ( ! 9DIVIDUAL & SOLID>ITY )9 ! COMMUNITY & /RUGGLES = A SOCIETY :I* IS FREE ( BO? ECONOMIC EXPLOITATION & ! OPPRESSIVE /ATE4 ,AN>*I/ COMMUNISM ALONE CAN PO9T ! WAY =W>D TO SURVIVAL & WELL-BE+4 

,F,R,E,$,O,M 

  

,9 ,! ,N,A,M,E ,( ,F,R,E,$,O,M1 ! ,U,S,A HAS 9VAD$ OR DOM9AT$ DOZ5S ( C\NTRIES & REGIONS 9CLUD+ ,VIETNAM1 ,GR5ADA1 ,NIC>AGUA & ,EL ,SALVADOR4 ,9 ! DEF5SE ( FRE$OM1 ,BRITA9 IMPOSES M>TIAL LAW ON ,NOR!RN ,IREL&4 ,FRE$OM = ,HITL] MEANT EXT]M9AT+ ,JEWS1 = ,/AL9 IT REQUIR$ ! 9VASION ( ,EA/]N ,EUROPE4 ,EV]YONE TODAY SEEMS TO WANT FRE$OM4 ,BUT FRE$OM = CAPITALI/ /ATES1 CORPORATIONS & P>TIES SURELY CANNOT BE ! SAME AS FRE$OM = ANTI-CAPITALI/S4 ,AS !SE EXAMPLES %[1 !RE APPE>S TO BE NO ONE ACCEPTABLE DEF9ITION ( 'FRE$OM'4 ,HAS FRE$OM ANY REAL VALUE1 EXCEPT AS A PROPAG&A WEAPON TO JU/IFY SELF-9T]E/8 

,DEF9ITIONS 

  

,AN>*I/S TAKE IT = GRANT$ ?AT FRE$OM IS VITAL TO HUMANITY4 ,YET O!RS FE> FRE$OM1 PREF]R+ SECURITY TO ! RESPONSIBILITIES ?AT FRE$OM GIVES4 ,UND] CAPITALISM MO/ CITIZ5S SEE FRE$OM AS ! ABILITY TO CONSUME ! LATE/ VIDEO RECORD] OR MUSIC MA*9E - IS FRE$OM REALLY AB\T ACQUIR+ CONSUM] GOODS8 ,ONE ( ! OLDE/ IDEAS AB\T FRE$OM IS ?AT IT MEANS BE+ LEFT ALONE TO GET ON ) LIFE )\T 9T]F]5CE4 ,N[ ?IS IS ALL V]Y WELL 9 A G5]AL S5SE1 NO-ONE LIKES TO BE CON/RA9$ OR H9D]$4 ,BUT )9 ! CONTEXT ( CLASS SOCIETIES1 ?IS DEM& S]VES AS CAM\FLAGE TO JU/IFY 9EQUALITY4 ,SO-CALL$ 'NEGATIVE FRE$OM' 7! ABS5CE ( CON/RA9+ LAWS7 MU* LOV$ BY LIB]T>IAN & CAPITALI/ P>TIES IS SUPPOS$ TO B5EFIT EV]YONE4 ,9 PRACTICE ?IS FRE$OM IS ! FRE$OM ( ! RI* TO PLUND] ! POOR1 ( FRE$OM = BUS9ESSM5 TO EXPLOIT !IR WORK=CE1 = ADV]TIZ]S TO HUMILIATE WOM5 & SO ON4 ,SU* FRE$OMS TO EXPLOIT & MI/REAT >E (T5 PROTECT$ BY LAWS PASS$ BY ! P[]FUL TO PROTECT !IR PRIVILEGES4 ,:]E !RE >E GROSS 9EQUALITIES ( P[]1 FRE$OM ONLY MA9TA9S 9EQUALITY AT ! EXP5SE ( ! GREAT MASS ( ! POPULATION4 

,SOCIALI/S1 & P>TICUL>LY ! ,M>XI/ V>IETY1 >E MORE LIKELY TO VIEW FRE$OM 9 CLASS T]MS4 ,N[ :IL/ CLASSES EXI/1 IT IS CLE> ?AT FRE$OM IS A FICTION4 ,BUT HAVE ,M>XI/S 9 P[] DONE ANY BETT] ?AN ! CAPITALI/S8 ,)\T EXCEPTION !Y HAVE BE5 SEV]ELY REPRESSIVE4 ,US+ ! RHETORIC ( ! 0DICTATOR%IP ( ! PROLET>IAT01 ! P>TY TRIES TO EX]T TOTAL CONTROL OV] ! PROLET>IAT 7! WORK]S74 ,M>XISM IS AN IDEOLOGY ( 9TELLECTUALS ) SPECIAL 0SCI5TIFIC0 9SI<TS 7SO !Y CLAIM74 ,:5 GIV5 P[] SU* 9TELLECTUALS USE !IR 9SI<TS TO DECIDE ! K9DS ( 'FRE$OM' PEOPLE WILL 5JOY4 ,M>XI/-,L59I/ /ATES >E )\T EXCEPTION CLASS DIVID$ SOCIETIES ) SEV]E CODES ( LABOR DISCIPL9E1 EXT5SIVE POLITICAL POLICE NETWORKS & POLITICAL REPRESSION4 ,ALL ,M>XI/-,L59I/ /ATES >E PRISON /ATES 9 :I* FRE$OM ONLY EXI/S = ! RUL+ CLASS4 ,?IS IS NOT ANCI5T HI/ORY - ! HEIRS ( !SE P>TIES & GOV]NM5TS >E /ILL >\ND TODAY1 SEEK+ ! *ANCE TO TAKE P[]4 ,ONE ( ! /R5G?S ( AN>*I/ COMMUNISM IS ?AT IT HAS NOT DEVELOP$ A /]ILE =MULA = FRE$OM4 ,FRE$OM IS SE5 AS A RI* & VITAL ELEM5T APPLICABLE TO ALL >EAS ( HUMAN ACTIVITY4 ,FROM AN AN>*I/ COMMUNI/ P]SPECTIVE1 FRE$OM EXI/S 9 BO? 9DIVIDUAL & SOCIAL T]MS -- !RE IS AN 9TIMATE 9T]RELATION%IP BETWE5 ! TWO4 

,CO]CION 

  

,AN>*I/S >GUE ?AT :]EV] !RE >E CO]CIVE OR BUREAUCRATIC 9/ITUTIONS FRE$OM WILL BE AFFECT$4 ,9 HUMAN RELATION%IPS1 ! HI]>*ICAL FAMILY IS USUALLY A PATRI>*AL & ADULT-DOM9AT$ 9/ITUTION4 ,SO CALL$ DEMOCRATIC ORGANIZATIONS ?AT 9/ITUTIONALIZE P[] & AU?ORITY BECOME OLIG>*IC1 EI!R OP5LY ?R\< ! DEG5]ATION ( 9T]NAL /RUCTURES OR COV]TLY VIA 9=MAL LEAD]%IPS4 ,ON A GR&] SCALE1 ! /ATE CURTAILS FRE$OM 7TO B5EFIT ! RUL+ CLASS7 BY MEANS ( ! LEGAL1 BUREAUCRATIC & MILIT>Y SY/EMS IT MA9TA9S4 ,9 CONTEMPOR>Y SOCIETY !RE IS A WORK+ ALLIANCE BETWE5 ALL TYPES ( CO]CIVE 9/ITUTIONS TO MA9TA9 ORD]1 FROM ! FAMILY UPW>DS4 ,FRE$OM 9VOLVES ! DE/RUCTION ( EXT]NALLY IMPOS$ ORD] 7&1 P]HAPS1 9T]NALLY IMPOS$ SELF-DISCIPL9E :5 ?IS D5IES HUMAN DEVELOPM5T74 ,TO A*IEVE FRE$OM1 GOV]NM5T FROM )\T MU/ BE REPLAC$ BY VOLUNT>Y CO-P]ATION )9 SOCIETY4 ,AN>*I/S 5VISAG$ A SOCIETY 9 :I* 9DIVIDUAL FRE$OM IS MAXIMIZ$ :IL/ PRES]V+ ! FRE$OM ( O!RS4 ,AN>*I/S >GUE ?AT 9DIVIDUALS %\LD ACT AS !Y FEEL FIT1 SO LONG AS !Y DO NOT 9T]F]E TO AN 9TOL]ABLE DEGREE ) ! FRE$OM ( O!RS4 ,PUT DIFF]5TLY1 FRE$OM HAS LIMITS1 ! LIMIT BE+ >RIV$ AT :5 O!RS >E EXPLOIT$1 DOM9AT$ OR 9 SOME O!R WAY H>M$4 

,S9CE HUMANS >E NATURALLY SOCIAL ANIMALS1 = FRE$OM TO ACCORD ) \R NATURE1 IT MU/ BE 9 A SOCIETAL CONTEXT4 ,9 RESPECT TO SOCIAL FRE$OMS AN>*I/ COMMUNI/S SEE !M AS BE+ 9TEGRAT$ )9 COMMUNITY4 ,FRE$OM IS UNIMAG9ABLE \TSIDE ( COMMUNITY4 ,9 CONTEMPOR>Y SOCIETY1 COMMUNITY1 9 ! S5SE ( MEAN+FUL SOCIAL SOLID>ITY1 HAS BE5 L>GELY DE/ROY$ CLASS DOM9ATION4 ,ONE ( ! KEY TASKS ( PO/-CAPITALI/ SOCIETY WILL BE TO RECREATE COMMUNITY TO PROMOTE P]SONAL & SOCIAL DEVELOPM5T4 ,!RE MAY >ISE1 H[EV]1 CONTRADICTIONS BETWE5 9DIVIDUAL & SOCIETAL GOALS :I* AN>*I/ COMMUNI/S >GUE CAN TO A L>GE DEGREE HE OV]COME ?R\< A SY/EM ( F$]ATION4 ,9DIVIDUALS1 LOCAL & L>G] GR\PS ( PEOPLE AGREE TO ACT 9 UNISON SO LONG AS IT IS ADVANTAGE\S4 ,FROM ! 9DIVIDUAL'S PO9T ( VIEW1 ! ADVANTAGES ( VOLUNT>ILY JO9+ ) O!RS >E ?OSE ( COMMUNAL LIV+ E4G4 FRI5D%IPS SEXUAL RELATION%IPS1 SUPPORT1 AVAILABILITY ( GOODS & S]VICES4 ,SO LONG AS ! 9DIVIDUAL GA9S MORE FROM P>TICIPAT+ 9 SOCIETY IT WILL BE ADVANTAGE\S4 ,:5 ! DISADVANTAGES BECOME 9 TOL]ABLE1 ! 9DIVIDUAL HAS ! OPTION ( 'DROPP+ \T'4 ,FROM ! COMMUNITY'S PO9T ( VIEW1 IT HAS ! 0RI<T0 TO DEF5D ITS COLLECTIVE FRE$OM FROM 9DIVIDUAL SABOTEURS & CAN SEEK REC\RSE 9 EXPULSION ( ! ANTI-SOCIAL 9DIVIDUAL4 ,GIV5 ?AT ! VA/ MAJORITY ( US WILL WANT ! B5EFITS SOCIAL LIFE & SOCIETY BR+1 IT IS IMPORTANT WE BEG9 TO WORK \T & ACT \T ! BALANCE BETWE5 ! 9DIVIDUAL & COMMUNITY1 9 BO? ?\<T & ACTION4 

,FRE$OM 9 ! REAL WORLD ( CAPITALISM & ! /ATE IS AN ILLUSION4 ,9 AN AN>*I/ COMMUNI/ SOCIETY1 ) ITS SOCIAL EQUALITY & SOLID>ITY1 IT AT LA/ BECOMES POSSIBLE 

,C,L,A,S,S ,C,O,N,S,C,I,\,S,N,E,S,S 

  

,! ,A,I,M ,( ,A,N,>,*,I,S,M IS TO OBTA9 A FREE & EQUAL SOCIETY4 ,= AN>*I/S N[ ! BIGGE/ PROBLEM IS H[ TO A*IEVE ! TRANS=MATION FROM ! PRES5T CAPITALI/ WORLD TO AN AN>*I/ ONE4 ,AN>*I/S >E A T9Y M9ORITY ?R\<\T ! GLOBE BUT WE BELIEVE ?AT AN AN>*I/ SOCIETY WILL BE TO ! B5EFIT ( ALL HUMANITY4 ,S9CE WE ?9K ?AT AN>*ISM IS OBJECTIVELY 9 ! 9T]E/ ( ALL1 MANY PEOPLE QUE/ION ! EMPHASIS ON CLASS /RUGGLE TO A*IEVE A REVOLUTION4 ,H]E WE WILL TRY TO EXPLA9 ! ,AN>*I/ ,COMMUNI/ ANALYSIS ( CLASS & ! NE$ = CLASS CONSCI\SNESS AMONG ! WORK+ CLASS IF AN>*I/ IDEAS >E TO TRIUMPH4 

,MU* CONFUSION IS CAUS$ BY ! CONCEPT ( CLASS4 ,?IS IS NOT ! PLACE TO EXAM9E ! MYRIAD ECONOMIC1 SOCIOLOGICAL & PSY*OLOGICAL DEF9ITIONS1 ALL ( :I* HAVE IMPORTANT 9SI<TS TO (F] 9 ! ANALYSIS ( PRES5T SOCIETY4 ,9/EAD WE WILL CONC5TRATE ON ! ,AN>*I/ ,COMMUNI/ POLITICAL DEF9ITION :I* HOLDS ?AT ! WORK+ CLASS =1 WANT ( A BETT] T]M1 9CLUDES ! VA/ MAJORITY ( ! WORLD'S POPULATION :O >E OPPRESS$ & EXPLOIT$ BY A T9Y M9ORITY ( RUL]S1 ! ,BOSS ,CLASS1 :O ORD] !M AB\T & LIVE (F ! PRODUCE ( !IR LABOR4 ,!SE >E NOT PRECISE T]MS & IT IS NOT TO LABEL 9DIVIDUALS AS BELONG+ TO ONE CLASS OR ! O!R1 NOR %\LD IT BE4 ,CLASS IS A COLLECTIVE 5TITY & CAN ONLY EXI/ 9 ! CONTEXT ( A SOCIAL :OLE4 ,WE ID5TIFY ! WORK+ CLASS AS ! PRIME AG5T 9 *ANG+ SOCIETY BECAUSE ( ITS NUM]ICAL & PRODUCTIVE COLLECTIVE /R5G? & ! OBVI\S FACT ?AT ?OSE POOR] & MORE OPPRESS$ HAVE MORE TO GA9 & LESS TO LOSE 9 OV]?R[+ CAPITALISM & >E !RE=E MORE LIKELY TO DO SO4 ,H[EV] TO GA9 ?AT RESULT :AT WE DESCRIBE AS ! WORK+ CLASS MU/ RECOGNIZE !MSELVES = :AT !Y >E & H[ !Y /& 9 RELATION TO ! BOSSES4 ,AS ,M>X CORRECTLY SAID1 ONLY ! CLASS1 CONSCI\S ( ITSELF1 CAN A*IEVE ! REVOLUTION4 

,CONSCI\SNESS ,& ,! ,9DIVIDUAL 

  

,= AN>*I/S ! IMPLICATION ( ?IS IS ?AT ! REVOLUTION CANNOT BE C>RI$ \T ON BEHALF ( ! WORK+ CLASS BY AN 05LI<T5$0 M9ORITY ACT+ 9 ITS NAME4 ,?IS DOES NOT IMPLY1 AS MANY WELL MEAN+ AN>*I/ 0$UCATIONALI/S0 PROCLAIM1 ?AT ! VA/ MAJORITY ( 9DIVIDUALS MU/ BECOME CONV9C$ ( AN>*I/ POLITICS BE=E WE CAN ACT TO IMPLEM5T AN>*ISM4 ,CLASS CONSCI\SNESS IS NOT A PRODUCT ( 9DIVIDUAL COMMITM5T BUT AN IDEOLOGICAL TRANS=MATION EFFECT+ EV]Y ASPECT ( SOCIAL 9T]ACTION4 ,IT WILL BE REA*$ NOT :5 EV]YONE CAN QUOTE ,BAKUN9 & ,MALATE/A AD 9F9ITUM BUT :5 ! WORK+ CLASS RECOGNIZES ITSELF AS SU* & LIB]T>IAN =MS ( ORGANIZATION >E SE5 AS BO? POSSIBLE & ! NATURAL WAY TO RUN \R LIVES4 ,TO BR+ ?IS S5SE ( CLASS CONSCI\SNESS 9TO BE+1 AN>*I/S MU/ SIMULTANE\SLY WORK TO BREAK D[N ! IDEOLOGICAL DOM9ATION ( CAPITALI/ IDEAS1 & /RUGGLE AS P>T ( \R CLASS AGA9/ CAPITALISM 9 PRACTICE4 ,! FIR/ ( !SE WE DO BY SPREAD+ AN>*I/ IDEAS & BY EXPOS+ ! FALSE VALUES ( LIB]ALISM1 DEMOCRACY1 LABORISM ETC = :AT !Y >E1 EXCUSES TO JU/IFY ! RULE & PRIVILEGE ( A SMALL ELITE4 ,AN>*ISM 9 TURN GA9S FROM ?IS BY LE>N+ FROM ! EXP]I5CE ( ! WORK+ CLASS FROM :I* ALL AN>*I/ !ORY ULTIMATELY D]IVES- ! CONCEPT ( AN>*I/S ADVOCAT+ WORK]S C\NCILS IS A GOOD EXAMPLE ( ?IS4 ,P>TICIPATION 9 ! CLASS /RUGGLE COMES NATURALLY TO AN>*I/S AS WE >E NOT ONLY /RUGGL+ AGA9/ \R [N OPPRESSION BUT RECOGNIZE ?AT AS ONE ASPECT ( A :OLE OPPRESSIVE SY/EM :I* G5]ATES SOLID>ITY ) O!RS 9 ! SAME POSITION4 ,?IS NATURAL DESIRE TO FI<T BACK HAS ! ADD$ GOOD ( %[+ ! RE/ ( \R CLASS :AT AN>*ISM IS REALLY AB\T RA!R ?AN ! LIES & MY?S SPREAD BY ! M$IA4 ,!SE TWO /R&S ( AN>*I/ ACTIVITY >E 5TW9$ AS BETT] IDEAS MAKE US MORE EFFECTIVE 9 ACTION & 9VOLVEM5T 9 /RUGGLE LEADS TO BETT] IDEAS4 

,IT IS IMPORTANT TO REALIZE ?AT CONT9U\S AN>*I/ ACTIVITY WILL NOT LEAD 9EXORABLY TO ! GR[? ( CLASS CONSCI\SNESS4 ,CAPITALISM IS CONT9UALLY RE9V5T+ ITSELF TO 5SURE ITS [N SURVIVAL4 ,NOT ONLY DOES IT RUBBI% LIB]T>IAN COMMUNI/ IDEAS & RE9=CE ITS [N IDEOLOGICAL /ANCE ?R\< ! $UCATION SY/EM1 ! M$IA ETC BUT IT ALWAYS AIMS TO CO-OPT MOVEM5TS ( RESI/ANCE 9TO ITS [N SY/EM4 ,! TRADE UNIONS1 ,M>XI/-,L59I/ P>TIES1 EV5 ! ,LABOR ,P>TY ALL />T$ \T TO *ALL5GE CAPITALISM1 EV5 IF ONLY 9 A TAME WAY1 & ALL HAVE 5D$ UP AS P>T ( ITS /RUCTURE OR AN ALT]NATIVE =M ( CAPITALISM4 ,! CLASS CONSCI\SNESS WE WI% TO CREATE MU/ BE SU* ?AT IT NOT ONLY /&S OPPOS$ TO ! PRES5T SY/EM BUT MU/ BE CAPABLE ( CONTROLL+ ?OSE :O WILL USE ! CLASS /RUGGLE TO A*IEVE P[] = !MSELVES4 ,TO ?IS 5D AN EM]G+ ,CLASS ,CONSCI\SNESS MU/ MANIFE/ ITSELF AS MORE ?AN AN VAGUE FEEL+ AMONG \R CLASS BUT EXPRESS ITSELF 9 ORGANIZATION ON LIB]T>IAN PR9CIPLES NOT LEA/ 9 A COH]5T & UNIT$ AN>*I/ MOVEM5T4 ,! IDEAS & PRACTICE ( ! ,AN>*I/ ,F$]ATION >E ONE /EP ON ?IS ROAD4 

,O,R,G,A,N,I,Z,A,T,I,O,N 

  

,:,A,T ,I,S ',O,R,G,A,N,I,Z,A,T,I,O,N'8 ,IT'S A VA/ SUBJECT SO LET'S ?9K AB\T ONE K9D ( ORGANIZATION RELEVANT TO AN>*I/S4 ,?IS IS ! ',REVOLUTION>Y ,ORGANIZATION'4 ,EA* K9D ( ORGANIZATION HAS ITS [N PURPOSE 5ABL+ PEOPLE TO ACCOMPLI% :AT !Y CANNOT 9DIVIDUALLY1 H>NESS+ 5]GY & RES\RCES 9 PRODUCTIVE WAYS4 ,H[EV] ORGANIZATIONS >E NOT PURE RATIONAL CON/RUCTS4 ,!Y HAVE !IR [N CULTURE1 (T5 OBSCUR$ BY =MAL /RUCTURES4 ,/RIP AWAY ! !ORETICAL ORGANIZATION ( /ATES1 CORPORATIONS & POLITICAL P>TIES & Y\ REVEAL ! HI]>*Y1 AU?ORITY1 FE> & GRE$ ?AT IS TRUE ORGANIZATION 9 A CAPITALI/ SOCIETY4 ,BECAUSE ( ?IS SOME AN>*I/S REJECT NOT ONLY ! 'ORD]+' IMPOS$ ON \R M9DS BY CAPITALI/ SOCIETY BUT ALL =MS ( ORGANIZATION4 ,WE 9 ! ,AN>*I/ ,F$]ATION RECOGNIZE ! PROBLEMS ( ORGANIZATION BUT ACCEPT ?AT IT IS NECESS>Y BO? 9 & 9 A*IEV+ A LIB]T>IAN SOCIETY4 ,:AT IS IMPORTANT IS TO MAKE ORGANIZATIONS ?AT REFLECT ! IDEAS ( AN>*I/ COMMUNISM 9 !IR [N PRACTICE4 

,DET]M9ATION & ,SOLID>ITY 

  

,TO CREATE EFFECTIVE ORGANIZATIONS WE MU/ KN[ \R [N & O!R'S M9DS1 !RE=E !RE MU/ BE A HI< DEGREE ( COMMUNICATION1 ( %>+4 ,WE MU/ SET AB\T CREAT+ ASPIRATION1 SETT+ A*IEVABLE T>GETS1 CELEBRAT+ SUCCESS1 R$$ICAT+ \RSELVES AGA9 & AGA9 TO ! REASONS :Y WE HAVE =M$ OR P>TICIPATE 9 ! ORGANIZATION4 ,& BECAUSE ORGANIZATION IS A MUTUAL1 %>+ ACTIVITY !SE ?+S CANNOT BE CONTA9$ )9 ONE M9D OR M]ELY ?\<T BUT ACT$ \T & GIV5 A TANGIBLE EXI/5CE ?R\< WORDS & ACTIONS4 ,AT ! SAME TIME1 WE MU/ REMA9 9DIVIDUALS1 CAPABLE ( 9DEP5D5T & OBJECTIVE APPRAISAL1 NOT COGS 9 SOME VA/ MA*9E4 

,:AT !N IS ! PURPOSE ( 'REVOLUTION>Y ORGANIZATION' 8 ,CAN IT BE DESCRIB$ 8 ,GIV5 ?AT ! NE$ = REVOLUTION ALREADY EXI/S1 REVOLUTION>Y ORGANIZATION MU/ 9CREASE ! DEM& = REVOLUTION4 ,IT MU/ 9CREASE ! MEASURABLE 'WEI<T' OR '=CE' ( ! RES\RCES JO9$ TO DEM& REVOLUTION4 ,! /RUCTURE MU/ 9CREASE ! ABILITY ( ! ORGANIZATION TO P]PETUATE ITSELF :ILE ITS 5DS REMA9 UN-REALIZ$4 ,IT MU/ 9CREASE ! ABILITY ( ! ORGANIZATION TO RESI/ ATTACK1 BY 9CREAS+ ! DET]M9ATION & SOLID>ITY ( MEMB]S & BY SO >RANG+ ITSELF ?AT DAMAGE CAUS$ TO IT 7FROM EXT]NAL ATTACKS1 DEFECTIONS1 9T]NAL CONFLICTS & SO ON7 >E M9IMIZ$4 ,IT MU/ BE FLEXIBLE1 BE ABLE TO ABSORB OR DEFLECT *ANGE OR *ALL5GES TO IT1 HAVE ! ABILITY TO *ANGE OR CEASE AS CIRCUM/ANCES DICTATE & ! SELF-KN[L$GE TO 9ITIATE *ANGE :5 *ANGE IS REQUIR$4 ,HI< LEVELS ( POSITIVE COMMUNICATION1 MUTUAL RESPECT & CELEBRATION1 %>$ ASPIRATIONS & SOLID>ITY ALL DESCRIBE ! REVOLUTION>Y ORGANIZATION4 

,CREAT+ A ,REVOLUTION>Y ,/RUCTURE 

  

,AN>*I/S 9 A FREE SOCIETY WILL BE SELF-ORD]+ & SOCIETY WILL BE SELF-REGULAT+4 ,! ORGANIZATIONS WE CON/RUCT WILL >ISE \T ( ! NE$S ( ! MOM5T1 FILT]$ BY \R KN[L$GE & P]CEPTIONS4 ,ORGANIZATIONS1 :E!R FREE ASSOCIATIONS1 COLLECTIVES1 F$]ATIONS1 COMMUNES OR 'FAMILIES' WILL BE FLUID & FLEXIBLE BUT RETA9 ! ABILITY TO P]SI/4 ,!Y WILL BE RESPONSIVE TO 9DIVIDUAL & SOCIAL NE$4 ,!Y WILL HAVE A /RUCTURE & CULTURE MAT*+ ! NE$S1 BELIEFS & PURPOSE ( MEMB]S4 ,!Y WILL NOT HAVE ! SUP]-ORD]$1 MONOLI?IC OR DIV]G5T CULTURES ( COMPETITION1 FRAGM5TATION1 SUBORD9ATION OR CONFLICT ?AT EXI/ )9 ORGANIZATIONS TODAY4 ,CREAT+ ORGANIZATIONS ?AT HAVE A REVOLUTION>Y /RUCTURE IS AN ACT ( REVOLUTION ITSELF4 ,! MORE WE DO IT1 SUCCESSFULLY1 ! BETT] WE WILL BE AT MAK+ ! REVOLUTION & ! CLOS] WE WILL BE TO A*IEV+ REVOLUTION4 ,BUT TO BE SUCCESSFUL WE HAVE TO LE>N F> MORE AB\T ! NATURE ( ORGANIZATIONS1 :AT IS EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION & H[ WE RESPOND TO DEM&S = *ANGE4 

,! ,AN>*I/ ,F$]ATION IS ONE ATTEMPT TO PUT !SE IDEAS 9TO A PRACTICAL =M4 ,WE DO NOT CLAIM TO HAVE ALL ! ANSW]S1 BUT WE >E CONV9C$ ?AT AN>*I/ COMMUNISM CAN ONLY HOPE TO MAKE REAL PROGRESS AS ! LEAD+ IDEA 9 A UNIT$ REVOLUTION>Y MOVEM5T4 ,WORK+ AS AN ORGANIZATION HAS MADE \R 9T]V5TIONS 9 ! CLASS /RUGGLE /RONG] & \R IDEAS CLE>] ?AN !Y C\LD BE ALONE OR 9 LOCAL GR\PS1 & ?\< WE /ILL HAVE A LONG & H>D ROAD TO TRAVEL1 EV] 9CREAS+ CO-ORD9ATION IS UNMI/AKABLY ! WAY =W>D4 ,A P[]FUL REVOLUTION>Y ORGANIZATION WILL NOT COME AB\T BY PEOPLE SIMPLY AGREE+ ) EA* O!R4 ,ONLY ?R\< ! DYNAMICS ( WORK+ TOGE!R CAN WE A*IEVE ! UNITY ( ACTIVITY & !ORY NECESS>Y TO BR+ AB\T A FREE & EQUAL SOCIETY4 

0,AN>*ISM IS ORGANIZATION1 ORGANIZATION & MORE ORGANIZATION01 ,MALATE/A 

,S,O,L,I,D,>,I,T,Y 

  

,! ,I,D,E,A ,?,A,T ,! ,9,D,I,V,I,D,U,A,L IS ( SUPREME IMPORTANCE IS ONLY A RELATIVELY REC5T DEVELOPM5T 9 HI/ORICAL T]MS4 ,= MO/ ( HUMAN HI/ORY1 BELONG+ TO A GR\P TOOK PREC$5CE AS PEOPLE ID5TIFI$ ) ! TRIBE1 ! CLAN1 ! FAMILY & LOCALITY4 ,SOCIAL SOLID>ITY WAS :AT C\NT$ & ACTS COMMITT$ BY 9DIVIDUALS W]E P]CEIV$ TO BE ! RESPONSIBILITY ( ! WID] SOCIAL GR\P+S TO :I* !Y BELONG$4 ,BLOOD FEUDS1 = EXAMPLE1 :I* 9VOLV$ W>R+ EXT5D$ FAMILIES1 (T5 >OSE FROM ! ACTION ( A S+LE 9DIVIDUAL BUT C>RI$ COLLECTIVE RESPONSIBILITY4 ,UNLIKE MOD]N CAPITALISM1 :I* T5DS TO ISOLATE 9DIVIDUALS1 PRE-CAPITALI/ SY/EMS T5D$ TO 9CORPORATE !M4 ,PEOPLE W]E B\ND TOGE!R ?R\< A V>IETY ( SOCIAL TIES4 ,?IS SOCIAL SOLID>ITY WAS ONCE A NORMAL & UNIV]SAL =M ( RELATION%IP1 ?\< NOT ! ONLY ONE PEOPLE %>$4 

,NATURAL 

  

,9S(> AS 9DIVIDUALS F9D IT EXTREMELY DIFFICULT TO LIVE 9 TOTAL ISOLATION1 IT IS SURELY POSSIBLE TO AGREE ?AT SOCIAL SOLID>ITY IS NATURAL4 ,HUMAN BE+S >E SOCIAL ANIMALS :O F9D IT B5EFICIAL TO CO-OP]ATE & NECESS>Y TO ASSOCIATE ) EA* O!R4 ,EV5 )9 MOD]N 9DU/RIAL SOCIETIES1 ! URGE TO BELONG TO SOME COMMUNITY OR O!R SEEMS OV]:ELM+4 ,9 ! FI<T AGA9/ EXPLOITATION & OPPRESSION )9 ! CAPITALI/ SY/EM1 PEOPLE HAVE ALWAYS RECOGNIZ$ ! NE$ = SOLID>ITY 9 ORD] TO W9 EV5 BASIC DEM&S4 ,FROM ! BEG9N+ ( ! #a#i? ,C5TURY1 /RIK+ WORK]S & ?OSE UND]TAK+ SOCIAL /RUGGLES SU* AS R5T /RIKES OR CAMPAIGNS = BETT] H\S+ OR SANITATION UND]/OOD ! P[] ( /&+ TOGE!R & TRI$ TO CREATE & MA9TA9 ! GREATE/ DEGREE ( UNITY 9 ORD] TO BEAT ?OSE :O OPPOS$ !M4 ,! T5SION BETWE5 CAPITALISM'S SELF-S]V+ 9DIVIDUALISM & ! NE$ = UNIT$ ACTION BY ! WORK+ CLASS HAS BE5 ONE ( ! MA9 PREOCCUPATIONS ( WORK]S 9 /RUGGLE4 ,! RI<TS ( ! 9DIVIDUAL 7TO ACT )9 ! LAW AS !Y ?9K FIT NO MATT] :AT ! CO/7 HAS BE5 CONSI/5TLY PROCLAIM$ BY EMPLOY]S & GOV]NM5TS PRECISELY TO BREAK ! /R5G? ( ! ORGANIZ$ WORK+ CLASS4 ,:5 IF Y\ DID NOT WORK1 Y\ />V$1 ! 'SCAB LABOR]' :O TOOK Y\R JOB :ILE Y\ W]E ON /RIKE WAS ! MO/ HAT$ P]SON 9 WORK+ CLASS COMMUNITIES4 ,H[ MU* EASI] TO 5C\RAGE PEOPLE TO 'SCAB' :5 ! RI<T TO WORK & TO ACT 9 ONE'S [N BE/ 9T]E/S IS *AMPION$ BY GOV]NM5T M9I/]S & 5=C$ BY POLICE TRUN*EONS4 ,! BE/ K9D ( SOLID>ITY IS1 ( C\RSE1 ( ALL PEOPLE ) ALL O!R PEOPLE4 ,AN>*I/ COMMUNI/S HAVE ALWAYS /RUGGL$ TO CREATE ?IS K9D ( SOLID>ITY NO MATT] :AT >TIFICIAL DIFF]5CE IS MA9TA9$ TO DIVIDE US4 ,BECAUSE WE WORK = WORK+ = WORK+ CLASS UNITY WE OPPOSE ?OSE UNIONS :O PIT ONE WORK] AGA9/ ANO!R 7= 9/ANCE :ITE COLL> VS MANUALS1 UNSKILL$ VS CRAFTSM51 EMPLOY$ VS UNEMPLOY$74 ,TRADE UNIONS ACT AS A B>RI] TO WID] SOLID>ITY S9CE !IR MA9 CONC]N IS A P>TICUL> CRAFT1 OCCUPATION OR 9DU/RY4 ,SECTIONALISM1 MEAN+ A DIVID$ WORK=CE1 HAS ALWAYS BE5 A FEATURE ( TRADE UNIONISM 9 ,BRITA91 A FACT MA9TA9$ BY UNION BOSSES & WELCOM$ BY EMPLOY]S4 

,P[]FUL 

  

,SOLID>ITY ON A MASS SCALE CAN BE TREM5D\SLY P[]FUL4 ,DUR+ ! ,G5]AL ,/RIKE ( #a#i#b#f1 SYMPA?Y & SUPPORT = ! LOCK$-\T M9]S WAS SO GREAT ?AT !RE WAS NO /RIKE-BREAK+ AT ALL FROM )9 ! WORK+ CLASS - ! RUL+ CLASS HAD TO DO ESS5TIAL JOBS !MSELVES1 POLICEM51 SOLDI]S & COLLEGE /UD5TS DRIV+ TRAMS & MOV+ COAL6 ,SU* SOLID>ITY WAS EXTREMELY P[]FUL1 SO P[]FUL ?AT ! UNION BOSSES FE>$ IT MI<T ESCAPE !IR CONTROL4 ,?\< T]RIFY+ ! GOV]NM5T AS ! MON?S ( /RIKE W5T BY1 IT WAS ! UNION LEAD]S :O CALL$ (F ! /RIKE :5 ! LEGITIMACY ( A GOV]NM5T ?AT W\LD NOT MEET ! WORK]'S JU/ DEM&S BEGAN TO BE QUE/ION$4 ,)\T A GOV]NM5T1 ! COZY LIVES ( ! UNION LEAD]S W\LD DISAPPE>2 !Y W\LD RA!R MILLIONS SUFF]$ L[] WAGES & WORSE CONDITIONS ?AN SURR5D] !IR PRIVILEGES TO ! SOLID>ITY ( WORK+ CLASS PEOPLE4 ,! FAILURE TO A*IEVE SOLID>ITY ( PURPOSE & ACTION USUALLY HAS DIRE CONSEQU5CES4 ,DUR+ ! #aihd ,M9]'S ,/RIKE1 9T]NAL DISS5SION )9 ! UNION'S RANKS & LACK ( SIGNIFICANT SUPPORT \TSIDE S]I\SLY WEAK5$ ! /RUGGLE TO PRES]VE ! M9+ 9DU/RY1 HUNDR$S ( ?\S&S ( JOBS & HUNDR$S ( COALFIELD COMMUNITIES4 ,IF SOLID>ITY IS IMPORTANT = /RUGGLES :I* >E ( A DEF5SIVE & LIMIT$ NATURE )9 CAPITALISM1 !N IT IS CLE> ?AT 9 ORD] TO OV]?R[ ! SY/EM1 ! WIDE/ & MO/ DET]M9$ UNITY IS GO+ TO BE ESS5TIAL4 ,FAILURE TO 9VOLVE ! GREAT MASS ( WORK+ CLASS PEOPLE & AT LEA/ NEUTRALIZE MO/ O!RS WILL LEAD EI!R TO QUICK DEFEAT OR CIVIL W>4 ,! GREAT] ! COHESION & SOLID>ITY ( PEOPLE & !IR /RUGGLE1 ! EASI] WILL BE ! TASK ( CREAT+ PO/-REVOLUTION>Y AN>*ISM1 ! FREE SOCIETY4 

,! ,9DIVIDUAL ,9 ,SOCIETY 

  

,AN AN>*I/ SOCIETY BY DEF9ITION REQUIRES ! ABS5CE ( GOV]NM5T4 ,AN>*I/S ALSO SEEK AN 5D TO ALL CO]CIVE 9/ITUTIONS & RELATION%IPS4 ,:AT REPLACES !M1 & ALL[S MILLIONS ( PEOPLE TO LIVE & WORK 9 RELATIVE H>MONY )\T LAWS1 GOV]NM5TS & POLICE8 ,P>T ( ! ANSW] MU/ LIE 9 ! CREATION ( NETWORKS ( SOCIAL GR\PS :I* MEET ! NE$S ( 9DIVIDUALS & ) /RONG BONDS )9 !M & BETWE5 ! GR\PS4 ,WE MU/ BE A SOCIETY ( 9DIVIDUALS & ( SOCIAL GR\PS4 

,:ILE ! DANG] EXI/S ?AT SOCIAL PRESSURES WILL N>R[ ! >EA ( P]SONAL FRE$OM1 !SE WILL BE C\NT]$ BY LIB]T>IAN $UCATION & SOCIALIZATION1 ! CREATION ( A DESIRE1 A HUNG] IF Y\ LIKE1 = P]SONAL EXPRESSION & FULFILLM5T AMONG ALL PEOPLE4 ,WE WILL ALSO NE$ TO CREATE SOCIAL /RUCTURES & DYNAMICS :I* PROMOTE ! GREATE/ POSSIBLE DEGREE ( P]SONAL AUTONOMY4 ,AN>*I/ COMMUNI/S BELIEVE ?AT SOCIAL SOLID>ITY IS SIMPLY ! MO/ 'NATURAL' =M ( LIV+ 9 ! WORLD4 ,AN>*Y WILL NOT BE AN AMALGAMATION ( UNCONNECT$1 ISOLAT$ 9DIVIDUALS1 BUT A DYNAMIC SOLID>ITY 9 :I* PEOPLE 9T]ACT ON ! BASIS ( FRE$OM & EQUALITY4 

,R,I,<,T,S 

  

,R,I,<,T,S CON/ANTLY CROP UP 9 \R LIVES4 ,ALMO/ ALL DEBATE & *OICE AB\T :AT WE CAN OR CANNOT DO IS COLOR$ BY TALK AB\T DIFF]5T RI<TS4 ,NATURAL ,RI<TS1 ,HUMAN ,RI<TS1 ,*ILDR5'S ,RI<TS1 ,ANIMAL ,RI<TS1 ! ,RI<T TO ,LIFE1 ,! ,RI<T TO ,DIE1 ! ,RI<T TO ,KN[1 ! ,RI<T TO ,PRIVACY & 5DLESS O!RS4 ,ALL >E APPEALS = PEOPLE TO GET :AT !Y DES]VE & :AT !Y >E 5TITL$ TO4 ,COLLECTIVELY RI<TS AM\NT TO A UNIV]SAL FAIRNESS1 :I*1 IF ONLY !Y W]E ALL RESPECT$1 W\LD LEAVE NO ONE ) CAUSE = COMPLA9T4 ,ALL ?AT IS NE$$ = ANY DISPUTES 9 SOCIETY TO BE RESOLV$ IS = CONFLICT+ RI<TS TO BE WEI<$ AGA9/ ONE ANO!R & ! MO/ EQUITABLE SOLUTION F\ND4 ,IT WILL NOT SURPRISE \R READ]S ?AT WE ?9K ?IS VIEW IS UTT] RUBBI% & WE T5D TO AGREE ) ! PHILOSOPH] ,J]EMY ,B5?AM :O SAID ?AT NATURAL RI<TS W]E A 0NONS5SE UPON /ILTS04 ,?IS >TICLE TAKES A V]Y BRIEF LOOK AT RI<TS1 CRITIQUES :AT'S WRONG ) !M & SETS \T :AT AN>*I/S CAN USE AS AN ALT]NATIVE 9 POLITICAL DIALOGUE4 ,OBVI\SLY WE >E NOT GO+ TO SAY ?AT *ANG+ ! !ORETICAL FRAMEWORK ( POLITICAL DISCUSSION CAN BR+ REVOLUTION>Y *ANGE 9 ITSELF4 ,H[EV] WE DO SAY !RE IS AN 9T]*ANGE BETWE5 IDEAS & PRACTICE :I* GR[ FROM ONE ANO!R4 ,REJECT+ CAMPAIGNS = \R 'RI<TS' 5ABLES US TO SEE BEYOND IMM$IATE GOALS 9SIDE ! CONF9ES ( PRES5T SOCIETY JU/ AS ACTUAL /RUGGLES HAVE %[N US ! NE$ TO GO BEYOND :AT ! BOSSES CAN CONC$E 9 T]MS ( RI<TS4 

,>E ,RI<TS ,RI<T ,ON8 

  

,! QUE/ION ( RI<TS BECAME A MAJOR POLITICAL 9FLU5CE ) ! ,AM]ICAN & ,FR5* ,REVOLUTIONS & HAS S9CE EXP&$ TO ALMO/ ALL ASPECTS ( HUMAN 9T]ACTION4 ,ONE DI/9CTION WOR? MAK+ IS BETWE5 POSITIVE & NEGATIVE RI<TS4 ,! LATT] >E RI<TS :I* ALL[ 9DIVIDUALS FRE$OM FROM 9T]F]5CE FROM ! /ATE4 ,!SE RI<TS1 MO/LY ADVOCAT$ BY IDEOLOGICAL LIB]ALS1 W]E 9 G5]AL ! FIR/ TO BE PUT =W>D E4G4 ! RI<T TO LIFE1 LIB]TY & ! PURSUIT ( HAPP9ESS 9 ! ,AM]ICAN CON/ITUTION4 ,POSITIVE RI<TS HAVE COME LAT]1 PU%$ = BY /ATE SOCIALI/S & ,KEYNESIAN CAPITALI/S4 ,!Y DIFF] 9 REQUIR+ ACTION BY O!RS OR ! /ATE TO 5SURE !IR FULFILLM5T4 ,AN EXAMPLE IS ! RI<T TO WORK4 ,TO '5JOY' ?IS RI<T SOMEONE MU/ PROVIDE A JOB = Y\ TO DO4 ,! DI/9CTION BETWE5 !SE TWO TYPES ( RI<TS IS BY NO MEANS CLE> CUT & !Y >E UNIT$ BY ! JU/IFICATION = !IR EXI/5CE4 ,ALL !SE CLAIMS ( RI<TS RE/ ON BE+ P>T ( A NATURAL ORD] ) :I* HUMAN SOCIETY %\LD CON=M1 H5CE ! T]M 'NATURAL RI<TS'4 

,:AT'S ,WRONG ,) ,RI<TS8 

  

,LOGICALLY !RE >E GAP+ HOLES 9 ! !ORY ( RI<TS4 ,FIR/LY !RE IS NO EVID5CE ?AT RI<TS EXI/ AS P>T ( A SUPPOS$ NATURAL ORD]4 ,EV5 IF !Y DID1 TO MOVE FROM :AT ACTUALLY IS TO :AT \<T TO BE IS NOT NECESS>ILY SO 7NATURALI/IC FALLACY IF Y\ WANT TO KN[ ,G4,E ,MOORE AB\T IT74 ,= EXAMPLE IT IS NATURAL = PEOPLE TO DIE ( DISEASE BUT ?AT DOESN'T MEAN WE %\LDN'T TRY TO CURE ! SICK4 ,SECONDLY1 RI<TS ACCRU+ TO C]TA9 GR\PS HAVE PROBLEMS ( DEM>CATION4 ,DO HUMAN RI<TS EXT5D TO FETUSES8 ,DO ANIMAL RI<TS EXT5D TO NON-V]TEBRATES8 ,H[EV] TO AN>*I/S !SE >E M9OR QUIBBLES4 ,\R OBJECTION TO RI<TS RE/S ON !IR POLITICAL CONT5T4 ,RI<TS >E ONLY ( USE IF !Y CAN BE 5=C$4 ,TO :I* WE MU/ ASK -- :O DECIDES :AT RI<TS !RE >E & :O WILL MAKE SURE !Y >E PUT 9TO EFFECT8 ,?IS CANNOT BE SIMPLY SIDE-/EPP$ BY MORE 'DEMOCRATIC' OR AN>*I/ =MS ( DECISION MAK+4 ,! IDEA ( RI<TS PRESUPPOSES ?AT !RE IS A CORRECT ANSW] TO BE DISCOV]$ & ?AT MAKES IT AN ISSUE = EXP]TS4 ,AN>*I/S DO NOT BELIEVE ?AT !RE >E FACTUAL ANSW]S TO H[ PEOPLE 9T]ACT4 ,IT EFFECTS EV]YONE 9 A COMMUNITY & EV]YONE %\LD P>TICIPATE 9 ! DECISION MAK+ PROCESS4 ,NO ONE IS GREAT] EXP]T ON Y\ ?AN Y\RSELF4 ,( C\RSE IF Y\ WANT TO BUILD A H\SE Y\ W\LD BE FOOLI% NOT TO CONSULT PEOPLE ) EXP]TIZE 9 >*ITECTURE OR BRICKLAY+ BUT !Y HAVE NO GREAT] KN[L$GE ?AN ANYONE ELSE 9 ! COMMUNITY AS TO :E!R A H\SE NE$S TO BE BUILT4 ,!SE TYPES ( DECISION CAN BE BLURR$ ON OCCASION BUT ) RI<TS WE CAN SEE A DEF9ITE DIFF]5CE4 ,RI<TS >E ! PRODUCT ( A HI]>*ICAL SOCIETY4 ,IF Y\ >E 9 DISPUTE ) SOMEONE OV] A CLA% ( RI<TS Y\ MU/ APPEAL TO A HI<] AU?ORITY4 ,:5 DECISIONS GO AGA9/ PEOPLE 9 ,BRITI% C\RTS !Y GO TO ! ,EUROPEAN ,C\RT ( ,HUMAN ,RI<TS4 ,REG>DLESS ( :E!R !Y W9 OR LOSE !Y HAVE SURR5D]$ CONTROL ( !IR [N LIVES TO SOMEONE ELSE4 ,WE >E NOT SAY+ ?AT ! IDEA ( RI<TS IS A MANIPULATIVE CON BY CAPITALISM TO DIV]T REBELLION 9TO ACCEPTABLE *ANNELS BUT IT IS A PRODUCT ( CAPITALI/1 9DIVIDUALI/IC & AU?ORIT>IAN ?9K+ :I* CANNOT S]VE AS ! BASIS = A SOCIETY ( FRE$OM & EQUALITY4 

,RI<T ,ON6 

  

,:AT CAN BE DONE AB\T ?IS8 ,OBVI\SLY WE %\LDN'T GIVE UP :AT PRACTICAL RI<TS ! BOSSES HAVE CONC$$ TO US 9 ! PRES5T4 ,9 FACT !Y %\LD GET A HE>TY KICK+ = EV5 ?9K+ AB\T TAK+ AWAY \R RI<TS TO P5SIONS1 /RIK+1 FREE ABORTION ETC4 ,UN=TUNATELY !Y'VE ALREADY DONE MO/ ( ?AT IF WE EV] HAD IT ANYWAY4 ,WE NE$ SOMEH[ TO GA9 P[] = \RSELVES ?AT !Y CAN'T TAKE AWAY4 ,)\T SPECULAT+ OV]MU* ON A FUTURE AN>*I/ SOCIETY WE CAN SEE SOME KEY FEATURES ( IT EM]G+ ?R\< ! /RUGGLES ( \R [N CLASS 9 ! H]E & N[4 ,ONE ( !SE IS ! K9D ( >GUM5TS WE USE 9 SETTL+ PO9TS ( CONTROV]SY BETWE5 US4 ,AN>*ISM REJECTS OP9IONS ?AT RELY = !IR JU/IFICATION ON :AT IS 'NATURALLY' ! CASE OR ON SOMEONE'S JUDGM5T SIMPLY BECAUSE ( :O !Y >E4 ,9/EAD WE AIM AT A LEAD]%IP ( IDEAS ?AT CONV9CE PEOPLE BECAUSE ( !IR [N M]ITS4 ,REAL DECISIONS AB\T PEOPLE'S LIVES CANNOT BE RESOLV$ FRUITFULLY BY REC\RSE TO AB/RACT CATEGORIES1 H[EV] B5IGN !Y MAY APPE>4 ,TO PLACE \R FAI? 9 RI<TS IS TO ABDICATE RESPONSIBILITY = \R [N DECISIONS & SURR5D] TO A TYRANNY SUBTL] BUT MORE ALL EMBRAC+ ?AN ! CO%4 

,C,O,L,L,E,C,T,I,V,E ,A,C,T,I,O,N 

  

,C,O,N,T,R,>,Y ,T,O ,P,O,P,U,L,> ,P,R,E,J,U,D,I,C,E1 FO/]$ BY BO? M$IA C>ICATURES & BY ! ANTICS ( A SMALL NUMB] ( SELF-PROCLAIM$ 'AN>*I/S'1 AN>*ISM IS NEI!R 'RUGG$ 9DIVIDUALISM' NOR 9DIVIDUALI/IC REBELLION4 ,:IL/ AN>*I/S >GUE ?AT ! REALIZATION ( 9DIVIDUAL FRE$OM IS C5TRAL TO ANY AU!NTICALLY REVOLUTION>Y POLITICS1 WE DON'T EQUATE ?IS FUNDAM5TAL FRE$OM ) ! RI<T ( 9DIVIDUALS TO MANIFE/ !IR EGO )\T REG>D = SOCIAL TOTALITY4 ,MORE IMPORTANTLY1 IT IS \R BELIEF ?AT IT IS COLLECTIVE ACTION :I* CREATES *ANGE & IS ESS5TIAL TO AN>*ISM RA!R ?AN ! ACTIVITY ( ISOLAT$ & ATOMIZ$ 9DIVIDUALS4 

,! ,FALLACY ,( ,9DIVIDUALISM 

  

,?IS IS SU* COMMON S5SE ?AT IT %\LD NOT REQUIRE COMM5T BUT SO (T5 9DIVIDUALISM IS REG>D$ AS ! B$ROCK ( AN>*ISM RA!R ?AN ITS ACTUAL OPPOSITE4 ,?AT IS NOT TO SAY1 ( C\RSE1 ?AT SOCIAL AN>*I/S1 ESPECIALLY AN>*I/ COMMUNI/S1 >E OPPOS$ TO 9DIVIDUALITY - F> FROM IT - BUT ?AT 9 CAPITALI/ SOCIETY 9DIVIDUALISM IS AT BE/ AN EXCUSE BY SOME TO SELFI%LY 9DULGE !MSELVES & AT WOR/ AN IDEOLOGY :I* 5C\RAGES ! MO/ HORR5D\S COMPETITIV5ESS & EXPLOITATION4 ,CAPITALISM LOVES 7& S+S ! HI<E/ PRAISES (7 9DIVIDUALISM :ILE CRU%+ REAL 9DIVIDUALITY4 ,CAPITALISM FE>S1 H[EV]1 COLLECTIVE ACTION4 ,A TRADE UNION'S /R5G? IS F\ND$ UPON ! POT5TIAL ( ITS MEMB]S TO TAKE = COLLECTIVE ACTION4 ,! UNION'S ABILITY TO MOBILIZE & CONTROL ?IS ACTION IS CRUCIAL TO IT'S CR$IBILITY & POSITION AS A M$IAT+ 9FLU5CE BETWE5 WORK] & BOSS4 ,IF ! POSSIBILITY ( COLLECTIVE ACTION IS REMOV$1 TRADE UNIONS T5D NOT TO BE TAK5 S]I\SLY BY EI!R EMPLOY]S OR MEMB]S ANY MORE4 

,! 9DIVIDUAL CAN BE COMP>$ TO ! F+] ( A H&4 ,ON IT'S [N IT IS NOT P>TICUL>LY /RONG OR EFFECTIVE BUT 9 UNISON ) ! O!R F+]S IT CAN BECOME A FI/4 ,! WORK+ CLASS1 9 :ATEV] CONTEXT :E!R COMMUNITY OR WORKPLACE1 IS MORE EASILY DOM9AT$ & EXPLOIT$ :5 IT IS DIVID$ &1 BECAUSE DIVID$1 P[]LESS4 ,:5 IT ORGANIZES ITSELF COLLECTIVELY1 IT HAS ! POT5TIAL TO ACT 9 A CONC]T$ MANN] AGA9/ CAPITAL4 ,! WORKPLACE PROVIDES OPPORTUNITIES = 9DIVIDUAL ACTION SU* AS SABOTAGE1 ABS5TEEISM & '!FT' BUT !SE ACTIVITIES1 EV5 :5 ORGANIZ$ CL&E/9ELY1 CAN BE MORE EFFECTIVE :5 DONE COLLECTIVELY4 ,9DIVIDUAL ACTIONS MAY ALT] RELATIONS & CONDITIONS )9 A CLASS BUT NOT BETWE5 CLASSES OR P]MAN5TLY4 ,& IT IS F> MORE LIKELY ?AT ! ACTIONS ( ! RUL+ CLASS 9 MANIPULAT+ SOCIAL RELATIONS TO ITS ADVANTAGE WILL BR+ AB\T *ANGE F> MORE EASILY ?AN ! EF=TS ( ONE OR MORE 9DIVIDUALS4 ,IF NOT MUTUALITY1 :AT !N8 ,AS ,MALATE/A SAYS1 ,MY FRE$OM IS ! FRE$OM ( ALL4 

,COLLECTIVE ACTION ALSO CREATES A SPIRIT ( COMBATIV5ESS AS PEOPLE REALIZE ?AT1 F> FROM BE+ P[]LESS1 !Y DO HAVE ! P[] TO BR+ AB\T *ANGE4 ,! MO/ \T/&+ EXAMPLE 9 REC5T YE>S WAS ! ANTI-,POLL ,TAX MOVEM5T4 ,IF RESI/ANCE TO ?AT TAX HAD BE5 PURELY 9 T]MS ( 9DIVIDUAL NONPAYM5T1 ( 9DIVIDUALS SEP>AT$ FROM O!RS REFUS+ TO PAY1 RA!R ?AN 9 ! =M ( A COMMUNITY ( COLLECTIVE /RUGGLE1 !N IT W\LD HAVE RAPIDLY COLLAPS$ AS ISOLAT$ 9DIVIDUALS W]E PICK$ (F BY ! ,/ATE4 

,MUTUAL ,AID 

  

,MUTUAL AID AS A BASIS = HUMAN SOCIETY & ALL =MS ( SOCIAL RELATION%IPS & ORGANIZATION IS VA/LY SUP]IOR AS AN ORGANIZ+ PR9CIPLE ?AN COMPETITION OR REGULAT$ 9T]ACTION 7CONTRACT74 ,KROPOTK9 %[$ CONCLUSIVELY ?AT MUTUAL AID WAS ! RULE AMONG ! MO/ SUCCESSFUL SPECIES 7( ALL K9DS1 9CLUD+ PR$ATORY ONES & HUMANK9D73 0,?OSE SPECIES4444 :I* KN[ BE/ H[ TO COMB9E HAVE ! GREATE/ *ANCE ( SURVIVAL & ( FUR!R EVOLUTION04 ,SUCCESS = ! 9DIVIDUAL IS ALWAYS B\<T AT ! EXP5SE ( ! GR\P & IS BO? DE/RUCTIVE & 5]GY-CONSUM+4 ,AT ! SAME TIME 'SPECIES ?AT LIVE SOLIT>ILY OR 9 SMALL FAMILIES >E RELATIVELY FEW1 & !IR NUMB]S LIMIT$' - & ! 5]GY REQUIR$ = !M TO LIVE AT ANY O!R ?AN A RUDIM5T>Y LEVEL IS GREAT4 ,A SIMPL] LIFE = SOME MEANS LESS LIFE = O!RS4 ,! SOCIAL RELATION ?AT ACTIVATES & EXT5DS MUTUALITY 9 TIME & SPACE IS SOLID>ITY4 ,IT IS :AT *ANGES ! NATURAL IMPULSE TO CO-OP]ATE & TO %>E 9TO A =CE GOV]NM5TS FE>4 ,IT IS ! MEANS BY :I* ! POT5TIAL NEW SOCIAL RELATIONS ACQUIRE ! /R5G? TO *ANGE SOCIETY & :I* 5ABLE RELATIONS & 9/ITUTIONS BAS$ ON MUTUAL AID TO RETA9 !IR /R5G?4 

,! 9DIVIDUAL AN>*I/ CAN ONLY DO SO MU* ON H]_/HIS [N4 ,! FEEL+ ( ISOLATION :I* CAPITALISM IMPOSES ON ! 9DIVIDUAL REBEL CAN (T5 LEAD TO DISILLUSIONM5T & DESPAIR4 ,COLLECTIVE ACTION 9 ! %APE ( AN AN>*I/ GR\P CAN ACCOMPLI% F> MORE :IL/ A NATIONAL NETWORK CON/ANTLY KEEP+ MILITANTS 9=M$ & MOTIVAT$44444 WELL1 :O KN[S :AT WE C\LD A*IEVE8 ,:Y NOT TAKE ! 9DIVIDUAL DECISION TO TAKE COLLECTIVE ACTION ) ! ,AN>*I/ ,F$]ATION8 

,D,I,R,E,C,T ,A,C,T,I,O,N 

  

,O,N,E ,( ,! ,C,5,T,R,A,L ,!,M,E,S ,( ,A,N,>,*,I,S,M IS ?AT PEOPLE %\LD HAVE ! FRE$OM & ! MEANS TO TAKE FULL CONTROL ( !IR LIVES4 ,AN>*I/S HAVE DEVELOP$ AN 9DIVIDUAL & COLLECTIVE APPROA* TO HUMAN EMANCIPATION4 ,?IS HAS COME TO BE CALL$ DIRECT ACTION & TAKES MANY =MS4 ,AN>*I/S BELIEVE ?AT !RE IS A /RONG CORRELATION BETWE5 MEANS & 5DS & ?IS MEANS FRE$OM IS NOT SOME?+ ?AT CAN BE GRANT$ TO US BY POLITICIANS4 ,WE HAVE TO ACT = \RSELVES IF WE WANT A BETT] WORLD4 

,! BELIEF 9 SELF-EMANCIPATION >ISES FROM A DEEP DI/RU/ ( POLITICIANS1 /ATESM51 BUREAUCRATS & O!RS :O W\LD CLAIM ! RI<T & EXP]TIZE TO RUN SOCIETY4 ,AN>*I/S >E CYNICAL ( SU* PEOPLE :E!R !Y >E ON ! RI<T OR LEFT ( ! POLITICAL SPECTRUM4 ,! ABSURD SOCIALI/ POSITION :I* ADVOCATES = EXAMPLE1 CAPTUR+ PO/S )9 ! /ATE SY/EM1 9EVITABLY 5DS UP ) PEOPLE BE+ AT BE/ IMPRISON$ BY ! SY/EM1 OR MORE LIKELY ) !M BE+ TRANS=M$ BY ! SY/EM ITSELF4 ,P>LIAM5T HAS TAM$ EV]Y FI]Y ,M,P ?AT HAS REMA9$ = ANY PROLONG$ P]IOD ( TIME )9 ITS WALLS4 ,DIRECT ACTION ESS5TIALLY MEANS TAK+ CONTROL ( \R [N LIVES & ACTION TO CREATE A BETT] WORLD )\T ! M$IATION ( POLITICAL P>TIES & O!R ORGANIZATIONS ?AT W\LD ACT ON \R BEHALF4 ,AS AN>*I/S HAVE PO9T$ \T = G5]ATIONS1 EV5 ! MO/ WELL-9T5TION$ ( LEAD]S & ORGANIZATIONS BECOME CORRUPT$ BY P[]4 ,! SOCIOLOGI/ ,ROB]T ,MI*ELS W5T SO F> AS TO SPEAK ( AN 0IRON LAW ( OLIG>*Y0 :I* HE >GU$1 OV]COMES ! MO/ DEMOCRATIC ( REPRES5TATIVE ORGANIZATIONS4 ,! ONLY REALI/IC WAY TO BR+ AB\T A BETT] WORLD IS TO DO IT \RSELVES4 ,AN>*I/S !N REJECT AU?ORIT>IAN1 BUREAUCRATIC & REPRES5TATIVE 9/ITUTIONS AS BE+ OPPOS$ TO \R 9T]E/S4 

,GOALS 

  

,DIRECT ACTION ?\<1 HAS A MORE POSITIVE *>ACT]4 ,IT 5ABLES ! OPPRESS$ & EXPLOIT$ TO GA9 SELF-REALIZATION ( !IR VALUE & HELPS BR+ AB\T SELF-EMP[]M5T4 ,SETT+ & A*IEV+ GOALS ACTUALLY 9CREASES ! AW>5ESS & SELF-CONFID5CE ( ?OSE 9 /RUGGLE2 IT IS A LIB]AT+ PROCESS 9 ITSELF4 ,! OPPRESS$1 :5 !Y 5GAGE 9 /RUGGLE1 DEVELOP & DISCOV] QUALITIES ?AT !Y NEV] DREAM$ !Y POSSESS$4 ,& S9CE ! /RUGGLE IS UND] ! CONTROL ( ?OSE DIRECTLY 9VOLV$ RA!R ?AN UND] \TSIDE AG5TS1 LIKE FULL TIME UNION (FICIALS1 IT ALSO DEVELOPS SKILLS ( ORGANIZATION & PROPAG&A4 ,A REC5T CLE> EXAMPLE ( ?IS IS TO BE F\ND 9 ! ?\S&S ( LOCAL ANTI-POLL TAX GR\PS :I* SPRANG UP >\ND ! C\NTRY 9 ! #a#i#hS4 ,/>T+ FROM SCRAT*1 ORD9>Y PEOPLE CREAT$ EFFECTIVE LOCAL DIRECT ACTION GR\PS :I* DEALT A FATAL BL[ TO ! ,POLL ,TAX4 ,EV5 :5 /RUGGLES 5D 9 DEFEAT1 !Y CAN 9DICATE :AT ME?ODS & TACTICS %\LD NOT BE US$ 9 ! FUTURE4 ,H[EV]1 IT IS ! TRADITIONAL ORGANIZATIONS ( ! WORK+ CLASS :I* >E MO/ LIKELY TO FAIL4 ,= EXAMPLE1 ! TRADE UNIONS :I* >E RUN BY TIR$ & CYNICAL HACKS 9V>IABLY HOLD BACK & LIMIT ! /RUGGLE4 ,! *>ACT]IZATION ( ! ,NATIONAL ,UNION ( ,M9EWORK]S AS 'LIONS L$ BY DONKEYS0 IS NOT F> FROM ! TRU? = ?AT & O!R TRADE UNIONS4 ,ONE ( ! BEAUTIES ( DO+-IT-Y\RSELF IS ?AT IT IS AN EXTREMELY FLEXIBLE APPROA* :I* CAN BE US$ EFFECTIVELY ON AN 9DIVIDUAL1 GR\P1 OR MASS LEVEL4 ,! ISOLAT$ AN>*I/1 = EXAMPLE1 CAN & %\LD SPREAD ! AN>*I/ MESSAGE1 :E!R BY LEAFLETS1 /ICK]S1 LOCAL NEWS%EET1 PO/]S ETC4 ,IT W\LD BE WRONG1 H[EV] TO FETI%IZE ! 9DIVIDUAL ACT4 ,ON ! COLLECTIVE LEVEL PEOPLE CAN ORGANIZE MU* MORE EFFECTIVELY1 HAV+ L>G] RES\RCES & NUMB]S TO BE ABLE TO ACT ON A WID] SCALE4 ,MASS /RIKES1 OCCUPATIONS1 RIOTS & O!R MILITANT =MS ( REVOLT >E DRAMATIC EXAMPLES ( :AT IS POSSIBLE GIV5 ! IMAG9ATION1 MOTIVATION & MILITANCY ( WORK]S 9 /RUGGLE4 ,LESS OBVI\S ACTS 9CLUDE WORK+ TO RULE1 GO SL[S1 & SABOTAGE4 

,A =M ( DIRECT ACTION :I* HAS CAUS$ SOME CONTROV]SY 9 ! RANKS ( AN>*ISM IS 0PROPAG&A BY ! DE$01 AS DI/9CT FROM 7= 9/ANCE7 CONSCI\SNESS-RAIS+ OR 0PROPAG&A BY ! WORD04 ,?IS HAS 9VOLV$ POLITICAL ASSASS9ATIONS1 BOMB+S1 ETC & WAS ACCLAIM$ BY LATE N9ETE5? C5TURY AN>*I/S1 9CLUD+1 = A BRIEF P]IOD1 ,KROPOTK94 ,USUALLY SU* ACTS W]E C>RI$ \T BY 9DIVIDUALS OR SMALL GR\PS :O W]E ISOLAT$ FROM ! MASS MOVEM5T4 ,ASSASS9ATIONS ( K+S & POLITICIANS MAY HAVE BE5 DRAMATIC BUT W]E UNIV]SALLY C\NT]-PRODUCTIVE 9 ?AT !Y PROVID$ ! /ATE ) C\NT]-REVOLUTION>Y PROPAG&A WEAPON & AN EXCUSE = REPRESSION4 ,SOMETIMES1 DIRECT ACTION TAKES =MS :I* H]ALD NEW REVOLUTION>Y =MS ( ORGANIZATION1 EMBRYONIC EXAMPLES ( PO/-REVOLUTION>Y SOCIETY )9 ! PRES5T ONE4 ,:5 WORK]S OCCUPY & CONTROL FACTORIES1 !Y >E DEMON/RAT+ !IR CLAIM & P[] OV] !M4 ,! FACTORY COMMITTEES :I* SPRANG UP 9 ,RUSSIA 9 #aiag BE=E ! ,BOL%EVIK C\NT] REVOLUTION %[$ ?AT WORK]S HAD ! ABILITY & 9CL9ATION TO TAKE OV] PRODUCTION4 

,EXP]IM5T 

  

,9 MANY UPRIS+S1 ! MASSES !MSELVES HAVE TAK5 OV] ! TASK ( MA9TA9+ ORD] 9 ! FACE ( C\NT]- REVOLUTION>Y SABOTAGE & T]ROR4 ,9 FACT ! :OLE PROCESS ( REVOLUTION IS LIKE ONE HUGE S*OOL ( SELF-EMANCIPATION & EXP]IM5T4 ,!RE HAVE BE5 9 ! TW5TIE? C5TURY DRAMATIC EXAMPLES ( WORK+ CLASS1 PEOPLE REJECT+ !IR [N =MS ( POLITICAL ORGANIZATION 9 FAVOR ( MORE DIRECT =MS ( SELF-ORGANIZATION1 SU* AS POLITICAL ASSEMBLIES4 ,! SOVIETS ( ,RUSSIA 9 #aie & #aiag & ,HUNG>Y 9 #aief IMM$IATELY COME TO M9D4 ,H[EV]1 & ?IS IS CRUCIAL1 ACTION 9 ITSELF IS NOT 5\<4 ,!RE HAS TO BE A POLITICAL AW>5ESS & CONSCI\SNESS IF SELF-ORGANIZATION IS NOT TO BE SUBV]T$ BY ! AU?ORIT>IANS4 ,! SOVIETS 9 #aiag BECAME 9TOXICAT$ BY ! RADICAL S\ND+ PROPAG&A ( ! ,BOL%EVIKS & TRANS=M$ 9TO WILL+ TOOLS ( !IR 5EMIES1 ! /ATE SOCIALI/S4 ,A SIMIL> DEVELOPM5T TOOK PLACE 9 ,G]MANY A YE> LAT]1 ?\< ?IS TIME IT WAS ! RI<T-W+ ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRATIC ,P>TY ?AT SIDE-TRACK$ ! REVOLUTION4 

,DESPITE !SE & O!R DIFFICULTIES !RE IS /ILL NO D\BT ?AT ONLY DIRECT ACTION BY ! OPPRESS$ CAN LEAD TO LIB]ATION4 ,FRE$OM HAS TO BE TAK5 - & BY US 9 EA* & EV]Y ASPECT ( \R LIVES4 

,H,U,M,A,N ,N,A,T,U,R,E 

  

,! ,Q,U,E,/,I,O,N ,( ,H,U,M,A,N ,N,A,T,U,R,E IS A FUNDAM5TAL />T+ PO9T ( ANY POLITICAL & SOCIAL PHILOSOPHY4 ,! MAJOR HI/ORIC POLITICAL PHILOSOPH]S SU* AS ,HOBBES & ,R\SSEAU HAD V]Y DEF9ITE VIEWS ON ! SUBJECT1 ?AT %AP$ ! NATURE ( !IR PROPOS$ IDEAL SOCIETIES4 ,G5]ALLY SPEAK+1 POLITICAL /&PO9TS :I* HAVE A 'PESSIMI/IC' VIEW ( HUMAN NATURE >E ON ! RI<T ( CAPITALISM4 ',PESSIMISM' 9 ?IS CONTEXT MEANS ?AT HUMAN BE+S 7OR AT LEA/ ! MASSES7 >E SE5 AS MORALLY WEAK1 CORRUPTIBLE1 GRE$Y & 9 NE$ ( LEAD]S4 ,SOCIETIES BAS$ ON ?IS VIEW MU/ BE ORGANIZ$ ON A HI]>*ICAL BASIS1 ) ! WEAK MASSES BE+ CONTROLL$ BY AN 5LI<T5$ OR O!RWISE SUP]IOR ELITE OR RUL+ CLASS4 ,FASCISM & CONS]VATISM %>E ! VIEW ?AT LEAD]%IP1 A /RONG /ATE TO 5=CE ?AT LEAD]%IP & ECONOMIC 9EQUALITIES >E NATURAL1 EV5 NECESS>Y1 BE+ M]ELY A REFLECTION ( ! REALITY ( HUMAN NATURE4 

,PROPAG&A 

  

,IT HAS TO BE ADMITT$ ?AT1 9 SOCIETY ON !SE ISL&S & 9DE$ 9 MANY O!RS1 MANY WORK+ PEOPLE ACCEPT ?IS PESSIMI/IC VIEWPO9T4 ,DECADES ( PROPAG&A FROM S*OOLS & ! M$IA HAVE BE5 SWALL[$ :OLE & AN ACCEPTANCE ( 9EQUALITIES & ! IMPOSSIBILITY ( AN EGALIT>IAN SOCIETY >E G5]ALLY ACCEPT$4 ,HUMAN NATURE1 WE >E ASSUR$1 MAKES A JU/ & EQUAL SOCIETY AN IMPOSSIBLE UTOPIAN DREAM4 ,AN>*I/ COMMUNISM AS A POLITICAL DOCTR9E 9VOLVES AN 'OPTIMI/IC' VIEW ( HUMAN NATURE1 :IL/ TAK+ A V]Y CRITICAL 7SOME W\LD SAY CYNICAL7 VIEW ( ! REALITIES ( PRES5T-DAY SOCIAL & POLITICAL ORGANIZATIONS )9 ! CAPITALI/ SY/EM4 ,WE OBVI\SLY REJECT ! PESSIMISM ( ! ,RI<T1 :I* WE >E CONV9C$ IS NO?+ MORE ?AN A CRUDE JU/IFICATION = EXPLOIT+ MO/ ( HUMANK9D4 ,H[ CAN SU* AN OPTIMI/IC VIEW ( HUMAN NATURE BE JU/IFI$ ON ! P>T ( AN>*I/ COMMUNI/S8 

,FIR/LY WE LOOK TO AN?ROPOLOGY TO %[ ?AT HUMAN SOCIETIES HAVE BE5 & >E (T5 ORGANIZ$ ON COMMUNI/IC L9ES4 ,H>OLD ,B>CLAY'S ,PEOPLE ,)\T ,GOV]NM5T & ,PI]RE ,CLA/RE'S ,SOCIETY ,AGA9/ ,! ,/ATE CONTA9 NUM]\S EXAMPLES ( PEOPLE LIV+ )\T CLASSES OR ! ,/ATE P]FECTLY HAPPILY4 ,>*AEOLOGY TELLS US ?AT ?AT ! ,/ATE & ECONOMIC CLASSES EM]G$ 9 A NUMB] ( PLACES 7,MESOPOTAMIA1 ,EGYPT ETC7 ONLY AB\T #e YE>S AGO 7COMP>$ ) #a1 ( HUMAN PRE-HI/ORY BE=E !N7 - ! RE/ ( ! WORLD COP$ )\T ! ,/ATE = A LOT LONG] ?AN IT HAS BE5 >\ND4 ,! REASONS :Y ! ,/ATE & CLASSES DID EM]GE >E CONTROV]SIAL ISSUES BUT ! TRU? IS ?AT HUMANS LIV$ 9 CLASSLESS SOCIETIES = T5S ( ?\S&S ( YE>S4 ,IF HUMAN NATURE WAS ALWAYS SELFI%1 GRE$Y1 9DIVIDUALI/IC & MEAN 7AS SO MANY RI<T-W+ PHILOSOPH]S ) A VE/$ 9T]E/ TELL US71 SU* SOCIETIES C\LD NEV] HAVE EXI/$1 NEV] M9D SURVIV+ = MILL5NIA4 

,IMPOSSIBLE8 

  

,\R CRITICS SAY IT IS IMPOSSIBLE TO 'PROVE' ! AN>*I/ COMMUNI/ CASE ?AT PEOPLE >E BASICALLY COOP]ATIVE & SOCIAL 9 !IR APPROA* TO LIFE4 ,AFT] ALL1 !RE >E DAILY EXAMPLES ( 9DIVIDUALS ACT+ 9 UNC>+ & SELFI% WAYS4 ,\R REPLY TO ?IS IS ?AT ! DEVELOPM5T ( HI]>*Y1 SOCIAL CLASSES1 ! ,/ATE & CAPITALISM HAVE ALL TAK5 !IR TOLL & HAVE DI/ORT$ \R FUNDAM5TAL HUMAN NATURES4 ,HUMAN BE+S1 UNLIKE ALL O!R LIV+ CREATURES1 HAVE ! CAPACITY TO ACT CONSCI\SLY AGA9/ !IR NATURES & >E HI<LY FLEXIBLE 9 !IR RESPONSE TO 'ABNORMAL' SOCIAL CONDITIONS :I* TYPIFY EV]YDAY LIFE4 ,:AT IS REM>KABLE IS ?AT GIV5 ! FUNDAM5TALLY ANTI-HUMAN NATURE ( CAPITALISM1 SO MANY PEOPLE /ILL RETA9 ANY S5SE ( CO-OP]ATIV5ESS1 SOLID>ITY & A C>+ APPROA* TO LIFE4 ,PEOPLE NE$ SECURITY 9 !IR EV]YDAY LIVES )9 ! CONTEXT ( COMMUNITY SOLID>ITY & COHESION4 ,9 PRE-W> ,G]MANY1 CONDITIONS W]E SO BAD ?AT MILLIONS ( PEOPLE VOT$ = ! ILLUSORY S5SE ( SECURITY ?AT ,FASCISM (F]$ 7& JO9$ ! ,NAZI ,P>TY \T ( A DESIRE TO BE SAFE1 TO BELONG TO SOME?+71 RA!R ?AN ! *AOTIC B\RGEOIS DEMOCRACY ( ! ,WEIM> ,REPUBLIC4 ,= AN 9T]E/+ DISCUSSION ( ?IS1 READ ,]I* ,FROMM'S ,FE> ( ,FRE$OM4 ,TODAY1 ! DESP]ATE NE$ = SECURITY & COMMUNITY 9DUCES PEOPLE TO JO9 ALL SORTS ( RELIGI\S CULTS1 TO M]GE !MSELVES :OLLY 9 ! DANCE SC5E1 TO SEEK COMMUNAL EXPRESSION = !IR FE>S1 :E!R P$OPHILE WIT*-HUNT]S OR ,MUSLIM Y\? GANGS4 ,! RISE ( ALT]NATIVE RELIGIONS 9 ! ,WE/ & O!R PH5OM5A IS DIRECTLY ATTRIBUTABLE TO ! ANTI-HUMAN NATURE ( CAPITALISM4 

,ALONG ) ! BASIC NE$S ( COMMUNITY & SECURITY 7BO? ECONOMIC & PSY*OLOGICAL71 HUMANS MU/ HAVE A SIGNIFICANT DEGREE ( P]SONAL AUTONOMY OR1 IF Y\ LIKE1 FRE$OM1 IF !Y >E TO DEVELOP ACCORD+ TO !IR NATURES4 ,CAPITALI/ SOCIETIES (F] ! ILLUSION ( FRE$OM 7TO CONSUME7 :IL/ 5SLAV+ MILLIONS 9 FACTORIES1 %OPS1 (FICES & ! HOME4 ,! POLITICAL & LEGAL SY/EMS FIX ! LIMITS ( FRE$OM EV] MORE N>R[LY1 DI/ORT+ & DE=M+ 9 ALL SORTS ( WAYS ! DAILY LIVES ( WORK+ PEOPLE4 ,EXPLOITATION & DOM9ATION BY CAPITALISM HAS CREAT$ AN >MY ( CONFUS$ & LO/ PEOPLE1 UNABLE TO RELATE ) O!RS ON A MEAN+FUL LEVEL OR ONLY )9 ! CULTURE & LANGUAGE ( !IR 'TRIBE'4 

,CON=MITY 

  

,*ILDR5 >E MOLD$ TO CON=M TO A SEXUAL DIVISION ( EXPRESSION & BEHAVIOR1 :I* PREP>ES !M = A LAT] DIVISION ( LABOR ON G5D] L9ES4 ,BOYS >E CAJOL$ 9TO PLAY+ ACTIVE1 AGGRESSIVE & MASCUL9E ROLES4 ,!IR NATURAL RESPONSES MU/ BE SUPPRESS$ -- 0BIG BOYS DON'T CRY0 - & !Y >E CONDITION$ TO D5Y !MSELVES4 ,GIRLS >E BR\<T UP TO BE PASSIVE & DEP5D5T1 ) ! ULTIMATE AIM ( MO!RHOOD AS ! WAY TO A*IEVE COMPLET5ESS AS A P]SON4 ,EV5 ROLES SU* AS ',NEW ,MAN' & 'LAD-ETTE' >E MANUFACTUR$ TO CREATE ! ILLUSION ( FRE$OM BUT 9/EAD CREATE ONLY A COMPULSION TO BEHAVE 7TO CONSUME7 9 A P>TICUL> WAY4 ,SOCIALIZATION ( ?IS SORT BEG9S AT BIR? & C>RIES ON REL5TLESSLY ?R\<\T *ILDHOOD & PRE-ADULT LIFE4 ,EV5 SUPPOS$LY FUNDAM5TAL CONCEPTS SU* AS 'MASCUL9ITY' & 'FEM99ITY' >E NOT NATURAL1 BUT >E TAU<T & MU/ BE LE>N$ ?R\< A LONG & (T5 PA9FUL PROCESS4 ,NO WOND] SO MANY PEOPLE >E FUCK$ UP1 GIV5 ?AT ! PROCESS IS IMPOS$ ON ALL1 REG>DLESS ( :O !Y ACTUALLY >E4 

,ONLY AN>*ISM1 & P>TICUL>LY AN>*I/ COMMUNISM1 ALL[S ! FULL DEVELOPM5T ( HUMAN BE+S :I* IS AS MU* DEP5D5T ON 9T]ACTIONS ( ALL K9DS ) O!R HUMANS AS IT DOES ON ! 9DIVIDUAL WILL WE \RSELVES MAY EX]CISE4 ,IT ALONE BASES ITS APPROA* ON ! PROV5 NE$ ( HUMANS = BO? COLLECTIVE SECURITY ?R\< COMMUNITY 7ON ! ONE H&7 & P]SONAL AUTONOMY 7ON ! O!R7 VIA SOLID>ITY & SOCIABILITY4 ,PLACE !SE )9 ! CONTEXT ( A NON-EXPLOITATIVE & CLASSLESS SOCIETY1 ! NECESS>Y PRE-CONDITION = PROTECT+ & NURTUR+ HUMAN NATURE1 & Y\ HAVE AN>*I/ COMMUNISM4 ,?\< HUMAN NATURE IS NECESS>ILY V]Y COMPLEX1 ONLY 9 AN AN>*I/ COMMUNI/ SOCIETY ( ! FUTURE 7BUT :I* IS BE+ BUILT TODAY7 CAN HUMAN NATURE BE GIV5 ITS FULL EXPRESSION & REVEAL$ 9 ALL ITS FULLNESS4 ,CREATIVITY1 LOVE1 BELONG+ & FRE$OM >E MUTILAT$ 9 TODAY'S SOCIETY2 PACKAG$ & SOLD :]E A PR(IT CAN BE MADE1 DAMAG$ & DE/ROY$ :]E !Y CAN'T4 ,9 ! SOCIETY ( ! FUTURE1 !SE QUALITIES ( ESS5TIAL HUMAN NATURE WILL BE SET FREE4 

,A,G,A,9,/ ,E,X,P,L,O,I,T,A,T,I,O,N 

  

,! ,D,E,V,E,L,O,P,M,5,T ,( ,C,L,A,S,S ,S,O,C,I,E,T,I,E,S1 :I* 9 ANCI5T TIMES REPLAC$ EGALIT>IAN SOCIETIES ?R\<\T ! WORLD1 W]E DISA/R\S = ! GREAT MASS ( HUMANITY4 ,AL?\< !RE W]E (T5 GA9S1 9 T]MS ( 9CREAS$ PRODUCTIVITY ?R\< IMPROV$ COMMUNICATIONS ETC1 SOCIETY BECAME DIVID$ 9TO HAVES & HAVE-NOTS4 ,CLASS SOCIETIES >E BAS$ ON EXPLOITATION - ! PROCESS BY :I* ! MANY PROVIDE = ! GREAT] WELL-BE+ ( ! FEW4 ,! '9V5TION' ( PRIVATE PROP]TY & ! EXPLOSION ( CAPITALISM AS ! DOM9ANT ECONOMIC SY/EM 9 ! LA/ FEW HUNDR$ YE>S BR\<T ! PROCESS ( EXPLOITATION TO NE> P]FECTION4 ,EXPLOITATION UND] CAPITALISM PRIM>ILY MEANS ?AT WORK]S >E ROBB$ BY !IR EMPLOY]S ( ! FULL VALUE ( !IR LABOR4 ,IF ! BOSS WANTS PR(IT1 & MONEY TO PACKAGE1 ADV]TISE & DEVELOP ! PRODUCT1 HE CAN ONLY GET IT BY /EAL+ A GREAT] & GREAT] %>E ( ITS M>KET VALUE FROM ! P]SON :O PRODUC$ IT4 ,!RE IS AN IRONY H]E S9CE1 ( C\RSE1 ! BOSSES HATE PILF]+ BY WORK]S4 ,GR& L>C5Y BY ONE IS OKAY1 IT SEEMS1 PETTY !FT BY ! O!R IS NOT4 ,ONLY A PORTION ( ! WEAL? ?AT WORK]S CREATE ACTUALLY GOES TO !M & SOMETIMES A V]Y SMALL PROPORTION 9DE$6 ,! RE/ GOES TO ! CAPITALI/ AS PR(IT1 LEAD+ OV] TIME & DEP5D+ ON ! LEVEL ( EXPLOITATION1 TO ! CREATION ( HUGE P]SONAL & CORPORATE WEAL?4 ,EV5 QUITE SMALL EMPLOY]S FREQU5TLY LEAVE MILLIONS 9 !IR WILLS4 

,M>X 

  

,K>L ,M>X1 DESPITE AN>*I/ CRITICISM ( HIS FAILURE TO ANALYZE ! DANG]S ( /ATE P[]1 P[]FULLY EXPLA9$ SOME ( ! WAYS EXPLOITATION OCCURS4 ,WEAL?1 HE PO9T$ \T1 COMES AB\T :5 ! RAW MAT]IALS PROVID$ BY NATURE 7WOOD1 COTTON COAL & SO ON7 >E TRANS=M$ BY LABOR US+ TE*NOLOGY 7TOOLS1 SCI5TIFIC PROCESSES1 MA*9]Y ETC74 ,BE=E CAPITALISM1 ! PRODUCTION ( GOODS WAS A S]IES ( TRANSACTIONS BETWE5 9DEP5D5T PRODUC]S4 ,! WOODSMAN SOLD TIMB]1 ! C>P5T] %AP$ IT1 ! M]*ANT TRANSPORT$ IT1 ! RETAIL] SOLD IT4 ,EA* SOLD :AT HE OR %E [N$ = :AT IT WAS WOR? TO !M OR :AT ! M>KET (F]$1 FREELY & BY !IR [N DECISION4 ,WEAL? /OL5 & ACCUMULAT$ DUR+ C5TURIES ( FEUDALISM 7DEP5D5T ON ! EXPLOITATION ( BOND$ LABOR]S71 ALL[$ PROTO-CAPITALI/S TO TAKE CONTROL ( !SE TRANSACTIONS AWAY FROM ! PEOPLE !MSELVES1 TURN+ !M 9TO WAG$ LABOR]S 5TIRELY DEP5D5T ON ! [N]4 ,! =E/S W]E 5CLOS$ & BECAME ! PROP]TY ( ! NOBLES1 :O SOLD RI<TS TO !IR TIMB] TO ! NEW M]*ANTS & 9DU/RIALI/S4 ,C>P5T]S C\LD ONLY GET WOOD IF !Y AGRE$ TO SELL ! F9I%$ >TICLES TO ! 9DU/RIALI/ :O !N CONTROLL$ ! PRICE TO ! RETAIL]4 ,AS MORE & MORE P>TS ( ! PROCESS FELL 9TO ! H&S ( A S+LE P]SON1 ! CAPITALI/1 MORE & MORE ( ! PR(IT AVAILABLE AT EA* /AGE ( TRANSACTION BEGAN TO BE ACCUMULAT$ 9 A S+LE PLACE1 GIV+ ! [N]S EV5 MORE P[]1 = !Y C\LD N[ DEM& L[] PRICES = COMMODITIES & HI<] PRICES = F9I%$ GOODS1 BUY+ ! P>TS ( GOV]NM5T !Y NE$$ - ! >MY1 LOCAL MILITIAS1 MAGI/RATES1 LAW-MAK]S & SO ON - TO PROTECT !IR WEAL? & ACCEL]ATE ! PROCESS4 

,( C\RSE1 :AT IS SUPPOS$ TO REGULATE ?IS PROCESS IS ! M>KET &1 9 ! #b? ,C5TURY1 ! 9T]V5TIONS ( SOCIAL DEMOCRATIC GOV]NM5TS4 ,9 GOOD TIMES1 :5 ! M>KET IS BOOM+ & PRICES HI<1 ! [N+ CLASSES MAKE GREAT PR(IT4 ,PRESUMABLY !SE 5TREPR5EURS1 ! GREAT RISK-TAK]S :O BUILD POLITICAL & COMM]CIAL EMPIRES1 TAKE A LOSS :5 ECONOMIES CONTRACT & PRICES FALL8 ,NOT A BIT ( IT6 ,BECAUSE !Y [N EV]Y?+1 & >E PROTECT$ BY GOV]NM5T1 !Y F9D IT EASI] TO R$UCE !IR CO/S BY LAY+-(F !IR WORK=CE1 SACK+ PEOPLE4 ,! WORK]S BECOME AN ECONOMIC LIABILITY 9 TIMES ( RECESSION & ! LABOR P[] ( ! WORK]1 ! P[] ?AT CREATES ALL WEAL?1 M]ELY ONE MORE COMMODITY ?AT CAN ONLY BE SOLD = :AT ! M>KET = LABOR1 AGA9 CONTROLL$ BY ! [N+ CLASSES1 IS PREP>$ TO PAY4 

,SO ! WORK]S >E ROBB$ DAY 9 & DAY \T4 ,:AT !Y [N IS B\<T = LESS ?AN IT IS WOR?4 ,:AT !Y PRODUCE IS TAK5 FROM !M = LESS ?AN !Y C\LD SELL IT =4 ,:AT !Y MU/ BUY TO LIVE IS SOLD TO !M AT MORE ?AN IT CO/ TO PRODUCE4 ,UN=TUNATELY1 MO/ WORK]S IE US1 >E UNAW>E ( ?IS4 ,MANY WORK]S ACCEPT ! PR9CIPLE ( 'A FAIR DAY'S WORK1 = A FAIR DAY'S PAY'1 LITTLE REALIZ+ ?AT ! 'GAME' IS UNFAIR FROM ! />T4 ,BECAUSE MO/ ( US CONTRIBUTE ONLY A SMALL P>T TO ! F9I%$ >TICLE1 ?IS EXPLOITATION IS L>GELY 9VISIBLE4 ,WE ?9K MANAG]S SIMPLY MANAGE1 CONTROL A PROCESS ( PRODUCTION1 >E JU/ LIKE US1 :5 9 FACT !Y >E S*EM+ DAY 9 & DAY \T TO 9CREASE PRODUCTIVITY OR PU% D[N CO/S - TO MAKE PR(IT4 ,A BAD BOSS WILL MAKE US ANGRY & SOMETIMES CREATE A S5SE ( 9JU/ICE1 = 9/ANCE :5 EV5 PR(ITABLE FACTORIES >E CLOS$1 BUT R>ELY DO WE FEEL CONSCI\SLY EXPLOIT$4 

,EXPLOIT+ ,\RSELVES 

  

,! WORK]S1 BY & L>GE1 ACCEPT ! CAPITALI/ ECONOMIC APPROA* ( SEE+ !MSELVES AS ONE ( ! CO/S ( PRODUCTION1 RA!R ?AN ! MA9 S\RCE ( SOCIETY'S WEAL?4 ,9 DO+ SO1 !Y UNWITT+LY ACCEPT ! BASIC PREMISE ( ! CAPITALI/ SY/EM4 ,!RE >E MANY REASONS :Y WORK]S UN?9K+LY ACCEPT !IR EXPLOITATION4 ,9 P>T IT IS DUE TO ! P]SUASIVE P[] ( $UCATION & ! MASS M$IA BUT ALSO IT IS A RESULT ( TRADE UNIONISM4 

,TRADE UNIONS ACCEPT CAPITALISM4 ,!IR ROLE IS NOT TO HELP BR+ AB\T ITS DE/RUCTION BUT TO OP]ATE )9 IT4 ,9 DO+ SO !Y HELP PROMOTE CAPITALI/ EXPLOITATION4 ,! UNIONS TRY TO IMPROVE WAGES & CONDITIONS BUT TO DO SO !Y MU/ ACCEPT ! BOSSES' RI<T TO MANAGE & TO GO ON EXPLOIT+ PEOPLE4 ,IF WORK]S1 ?R\< !IR TRADE UNIONS1 EV] MANAGE TO RECLAIM TOO HI< A PROPORTION ( ! WEAL? !Y CREATE1 ! BOSSES SIMPLY CLOSE ! FACTORY AS 'UNPR(ITABLE'4 ,! PROCESS ( COLLECTIVE B>GA9+ BETWE5 WORK]S & MANAGEM5T IS A RECOGNITION ( ! LEGITIMACY ( ! SY/EM4 ,9 O!R WORDS1 ! BE/ ?AT UNIONS CAN (F] IS A 'FAIR]' 767 SY/EM ( EXPLOITATION4 

,BY DIVID+ WORK]S ON ! BASIS ( :AT !Y DO1 BY SKILL1 9DU/RY & CLASS1 TRADE UNIONS ALSO AID ! PROCESS ( EXPLOITATION BY DIVID+ WORK]S ONE FROM ANO!R4 ,A DIVID$ WORK+ CLASS IS A WEAK5$ ONE4 ,:]E EMPLOY]S FEEL !Y HAVE EXTRA SCOPE TO EXT5D ! LEVEL ( EXPLOITATION1 !Y WILL DO SO4 ,= EXAMPLE1 Y\NG WORK]S1 WOM5 & REC5T IMMIGRANTS >E EASILY EXPLOIT$ DUE TO A :OLE RANGE ( CULTURAL FACTORS ?AT MAKE !M VULN]ABLE1 & SUFF] AS A RESULT4 ,DESPITE SO-CALL$ PROTECTIVE LEGISLATION1 ! RISE ( FEM9ISM & 'GIRL P[]'1 WOM5 /ILL E>N A LOT LESS ?AN M51 EV5 :5 ! WORK IS ( A SIMIL> NATURE4 

,UNLIKE MANY ,M>XI/S :O VIEW ! PROCESS ( EXPLOITATION 9 SUPPOS$LY 'SCI5TIFIC' T]MS1 AN>*I/ COMMUNI/S HAVE NO TRUCK ) SU* 'OBJECTIVITY'4 ,CAPITALISM IS A SY/EM :I* IS MORALLY UNJU/1 CORRUPT+1 DEGRAD+ & HI<LY DE/RUCTIVE ( 5VIRONM5TS1 PEOPLE & SOCIETIES4 ,! WAGES SY/EM1 :I* IS ! BASIC ME*ANISM ( EXPLOITATION1 MU/ BE SWEPT AWAY AS P>T ( ! MOVEM5T TO DE/ROY CAPITALISM4 ,AS ,KROPOTK9 PO9T$ \T1 ALL ( ! WEAL? ( ! WORLD :I* HAS BE5 PRODUC$ OV] ! C5TURIES IS ! RESULT ( ! EF=TS ( ALL HUMANITY4 ,?IS WEAL? MU/ BE RE/OR$ TO ALL ( ! PEOPLE ( ! WORLD - IT BELONGS TO NO-ONE & EV]YONE4 

,W,O,R,K 

  

,IT HAS BECOME AN >TICLE ( ! CRE$ ( MOD]N MORALITY ?AT ALL LABOR IS GOOD 9 ITSELF- A CONV5I5T BELIEF TO ?OSE :O LIVE ON ! WEAL? ( O!RS  ,WILLIAM ,MORRIS1 ,USEFUL ,WORK VS ,USELESS ,TOIL #ahhe 

,L,E,T',S ,F,A,C,E ,I,T1 WORK AS WE KN[ & LOA! IT TODAY1 SUCKS4 ,ANYBODY :O HAS WORK$ = A WAGE OR A SAL>Y WILL CONFIRM ?AT4 ,WORK1 = ! VA/ MAJORITY ( US1 IS BASICALLY =C$ LABOR4 ,& IT FEELS LIKE IT TOO6 ,:E!R Y\'RE WORK+ ON A CASUAL OR TEMPOR>Y BASIS & SUFF] ALL ! 9SECURITIES ?AT 5TAILS OR >E 'LUCKY' 5\< TO HAVE A P]MAN5T POSITION :]E ! JOB SECURITY TI<T5S LIKE A NOOSE >\ND Y\R NECK1 IT'S PRETTY MU* ! SAME4 ,WORK (F]S IT ALL3 PHYSICAL & N]V\S EXHAU/ION1 ILLNESS &1 MORE (T5 ?AN NOT1 M9D-NUMB+ BOR$OM4 ,NOT TO M5TION ! FEEL+ ( BE+ %AFT$ = ! B5EFIT ( SOMEONE ELSE'S PR(IT4 ,?9K AB\T IT4 ,WORK EATS UP \R LIVES4 ,NOT JU/ ! TIME WE'RE PHYSICALLY 5GAG$ 9 IT EI!R4 ,AP>T FROM ! H\RS WE'RE PAID =1 WORK DOM9ATES EV]Y FACET ( \R EXI/5CE4 ,:5 WE'RE NOT AT ! JOB WE'RE TRAVEL+ TO OR FROM IT1 PREP>+ OR RECOV]+ FROM IT1 TRY+ TO =GET AB\T IT OR ATTEMPT+ TO ESCAPE FROM IT 9 :AT IS LAU<ABLY CALL$ \R 'LEISURE' TIME4 

,9DE$ WORK1 A TRULY (F5SIVE F\R-LETT] WORD1 IS ALMO/ TOO HORRIFY+ TO CONTEMPLATE4 ,! FACT IS ?AT ?OSE ( US '9 WORK' SACRIFICE ! BE/ P>T ( \R WAK+ LIVES TO WORK 9 ORD] TO SURVIVE 9 ORD] TO WORK444444 ,?IS SC>Y ASPECT ( REALITY IS SO FRI<T5+ ?AT WORK ITSELF BECOMES A K9D ( DRUG1 NUMB+ US1 CL\D+ \R M9DS1 ) ! WAGE PACKET ! ULTIMATE REW>D4 ,?9K AB\T IT TOO MU* & EV5 ! 'CU%IE/' ( JOBS BECOMES PRETTY UNBE>ABLE4 ,AP>T FROM ! BASIC FACT ?AT IF Y\ DON'T WORK 7SELL Y\R LABOR P[]7 & W\LD RA!R NOT ACCEPT ! PITTANCE ( /ATE B5EFITS Y\ DON'T EAT1 WAGE SLAVES >E DRAGOON$ 9TO 'GA9FUL EMPLOYM5T' BY IDEOLOGIES DESIGN$ TO P]SUADE ( ! P]SONAL & SOCIAL NECESSITY ( 'HAV+ A JOB'4 ,?IS CAN BE DESCRIB$ AS ! ',IDEOLOGY ( ,WORK'4 ,:AT WE NE$ TO ASK IS1 :]E DID !SE IDEOLOGIES COME FROM & H[ DID !Y MANAGE TO GET SU* A HOLD ON US8 

,SLAVES ,( ,MANY ,K9DS 

  

,ANCI5T ,GREEK CIVILIZATION1 ?AT MODEL = MOD]N DEMOCRACIES1 DID NOT CONSID] PHYSICAL LABOR TO HAVE ANY 9TR9SIC VALUE O!R ?AN IT'S IMM$IATE B5EFIT TO ! 9DIVIDUAL & COMMUNITY4 ,?AT AN IDEOLOGY ( WORK DID NOT DEVELOP 9 ,GREEK SOCIETY WAS DUE TO ! SIMPLE FACT ?AT MO/ LABOR WAS PROVID$ BY A CAPTIVE POPULATION1 ITS SLAVES1 CONSCRIPT$ & CO]C$ AT WILL4 ,! ABJECT P[]LESSNESS & DEP5D5CE ( ! SLAVES UPON !IR MA/]S MEANT ?AT !RE WAS M9IMAL NE$ TO CONV9CE !M ( !IR TOIL'S WOR? OR VALUE4 ,?IS WAS ALSO TRUE ( ! MANY =MS ( BOND$ S]VITUDE ?AT EXI/$ ?R\<\T ! ANCI5T WORLD4 ,WE HAVE LITTLE RECORD ( :AT ! SLAVES !MSELVES ?\<T AB\T ! WORK !Y W]E COMPELL$ TO DO1 AL?\< ! SLAVE-GLADIATOR ,SP>TACUS W\LD LAT] GIVE ,ROMAN SLAVEHOLD]S SOME?+ TO ?9K AB\T6 

,AN ID5TIFIABLE IDEOLOGY ( WORK BEGAN TO TAKE %APE ) ! DECL9E ( SLAV]Y & ! EM]G5CE ( FEUDALISM4 ,! ,CA?OLIC ,*UR* HAS1 ?R\<\T ITS HI/ORY1 BE5 UNIQUELY P>T ( ! POLITICAL APP>ATUS ( ! RUL+ CLASS & HAS ALWAYS S]V$ ITS 9T]E/S4 ,! MANY M$IEVAL PEASANT UPRIS+S & H]ETICAL MOVEM5TS BAS$ ON ! POV]TY ( ,*RI/ ?REAT5$ BO? ,/ATE & ,*UR* ALIKE1 PROCLAIM+ AN E>?LY HEAV5 :]E ! P[] ( ! NOBLES TO 5=CE WORK ?R\< TAXATION W\LD BE 5D$ BY %>+ \T ! WEAL? ( BO? AMONG ! POOR4 ,ADDITIONALLY1 PEOPLE BEGAN TO CONTROL !IR WORK+ LIVES MORE1 DEM&+ HI<] WAGES & ORGANIZ+ 9 9DEP5D5T CRAFT GUILDS4 ,9 RESPONSE1 ! IDEA ( WORK AS A SPIRITUAL & NOBLE ACTIVITY BEGAN TO BE PREA*$ FROM ! PULPITS1 DIV9ELY ORDA9$4 ,?OSE :O WORK$ BEGAN TO BE ACCORD$ A NEW /ATUS )9 ! OV]ALL DIV9E HI]>*Y ) NOBLES & PRIE/S AT ! TOP1 /URDY YEOM5 9 ! MIDDLE & HUMBLE VILLE9 BEL[4 ,?OSE FREE SPIRITS OR BROK5 M5 :O RESI/$ DOME/ICATION1 '/URDY BEGG>S' & 'SCR\NG]S' W]E VILIFI$ BY ! RUL+ CLASSES :O PASS$ DRACONIAN LAWS AGA9/ SO-CALL$ VAGRANCY & VAGABONDAGE4 ,9DIVIDUALS :O HAD NOT BE5 9TEGRAT$ 9TO ! ECONOMY W]E PORTRAY$ AS LAZY & UNGODLY \TLAWS & =C$ 9TO :AT W\LD EV5TUALLY BECOME ! EMBRYONIC WORK+ CLASS4 

,CALV9I/ !OLOGY MA9TA9S ?AT ONLY A PRE-SELECT$ FEW1 ! ,ELECT1 WILL SEE HEAV54 ,! PRO( ( ONE'S SA9TLY NATURE & ASSUR$ HEAV5LY REW>D WAS BELIEV$ TO BE E>?LY SUCCESS SO ,CALV9ISM DEVELOP$ A /RONG WORK E?IC4 ,CALV9I/S D$ICAT$ !MSELVES TO WORK+ H>D & ACCUMULAT+ WEAL?1 MUTE WITNESS TO !IR DIV9E MANIFE/ DE/9Y4 ,?IS S+LE-M9D$1 ME?ODICAL & DISCIPL9$ IDEOLOGY WAS HI<LY USEFUL TO ! EM]G+ CAPITALI/ CLASSES :O W]E1 9 MANY C\NTRIES1 ! RELIGI\S CLASSES AS WELL4 ,IT ALSO PROVID$ A !ORY ( SOCIETY ?AT 5SUR$ ! SUCCESSFUL TRANS=MATION ( M$IEVAL SOCIETY'S BOND$ LABOR]S 7S]FS7 9TO 7!ORETICALLY7 FREE M5 - ! WAGE SLAVES ( ! FUTURE :O HAVE TO SELL !IR LABOR - )\T TOO MU* RISK ?AT !Y MI<T TURN !IR BACKS ON ! :OLE SORDID MESS4 ,AS A RESULT CAPITALISM FUNDAM5TALLY *ANG$ ! NATURE ( WORK4 

,! PROTE/ANT WORK E?IC1 AS IT CAME TO BE KN[N1 WAS RE9=C$ AS 9DU/RIAL CAPITALISM CONSOLIDAT$ IT'S GRIP ON SOCIETY 7?\< NOT )\T CONSID]ABLE & VIOL5T WORK+ CLASS RESI/ANCE74 ,IT'S VIRTUALLY IMPOSSIBLE N[ TO REALIZE ?AT VIRTUALLY EV]Y?+ PRODUC$ BY SOCIETY 7EXCEPT ?OSE REQUIR+ COLLECTIVE EF=T LIKE M9+1 BREW+ OR BAK+7 WAS [N$ BY ?OSE :O PRODUC$ IT1 :O W]E ABLE TO CONTROL ! VALUE ( !IR LABOR ?R\< ! PRICE !Y W]E PREP>$ TO SELL IT =4 ,! 'SUCCESS' ( ! FACTORY SY/EM MEANT ?AT CAPITALISM HAD A MEANS TO CREATE VA/ NUMB]S ( JOBS BUT AT ! PRICE ( SURR5D]+ ?IS P[] & WIT IT1 FRE$OM ITSELF4 ,BUT = DECADES IT C\LD NEV] MEET ITS NE$ = LABOR1 H5CE ! :OLESALE 5SLAVEM5T1 SORRY RECRUITM5T1 ( T5S ( ?\S&S ( WOM5 & *ILDR5 9TO FACTORY & M9E4 ,NEW LAWS W]E PASS$ :I* RE/RICT$ ! ABILITY ( PEOPLE TO WORK ON A TEMPOR>Y OR CASUAL BASIS4 ,EXI/5CE ITSELF 7)\T MEANS ( VISIBLE SUPPORT7 BECAME A CRIME AS ! 9DU/RIAL MA/]S S\<T TO DISCIPL9E AN ESS5TIALLY FREE PEASANTRY & >TISAN CLASS 9TO DOCILE FACTORY >MIES4 ,TO ! /ICK ( SOCIAL /IGMA1 ! WORKH\SE & PRISON = ?OSE :O REFUS$ TO WORK1 ! BOSSES ADD$ ! C>ROT ( P]MAN5T EMPLOYM5T = ! LOYAL & HUMBLE WORK]1 WAGE DIFF]5TIALS = SKILL$ & SEMI-SKILL$ LABOR1 A MY?IC SOCIAL PRE/IGE = ! 'K+S ( LABOR' 7M9]S1 /EELWORK]S & ! LIKE74 ,A 'JOB = LIFE' BECAME A COMMONLY-HELD & A*IEV$ AIM MA9TA9$ 9 P]IODS ( HEAL?Y CAPITALISM BUT )HELD :5 RECESSION OR ! NE$ TO RE/RUCTURE CAPITALISM >RIV$4 ,9 EV5 REC5T TIMES1 *ILDR5 W]E ABLE TO LEAVE S*OOL AT F\RTE5 & BE ) ! SAME EMPLOY]1 (T5 DO+ ! SAME JOB UNTIL RETIREM5T4 ,! WORK E?IC WAS RE9=C$ BY 5C\RAG+ WORK]S' SELF-ID5TIFICATION ) !IR WORK4 ,EV5 TODAY1 ! FIR/ QUE/ION FOLL[+ AN 9TRODUCTION REMA9S 0,:AT DO Y\ DO80 ,M9]'S VILLAGES1 WORK+ M5'S CLUBS1 FACTORY LEAGUES1 TRADES UNIONS1 ! OCCUPATIONAL P5SION - ASPECTS ( SOCIETY ?AT DIVID$ WORK]S ONE FROM ANO!R AS MU* AS !Y DEF9$ !M4 ,?IS JOB ID5TIFICATION WAS RE9=C$ BY CRAFT1 & LAT] TRADE1 UNIONISM :I* 5C\RAG$ SKILL$ WORK]S TO REG>D !MSELVES AS A SPECIAL CASE & TO PRACTICE MUTUAL AID & SOLID>ITY ONLY )9 !IR [N TRADE OR EV5 GRADE ( WORK )9 ! TRADE4 

,! ,IDEOLOGY ,( ,WORK 

  

,ALL ( ?IS WAS HAPP5+ AS WAGE LABOR WAS BECOM+ G5]ALIZ$ & ASSI/$ 9 ITS LEGITIMIZATION 9 ! EYES ( ! NEW WORK+ CLASS & 9 SOCIETY AS A :OLE4 ,UNEMPLOYM5T BECAME A MORAL NOT SOCIAL PROBLEM1 :IL/ ?OSE )\T WORK BECAME 'VICTIMS'1 'UN=TUNATES' BY PROGRESSIVES & P>IAHS BY EV]YONE ELSE4 ,?IS IDEOLOGY DOM9AT$ DESPITE ! EF=TS ( SOCIALI/S TO GET ACROSS ! BASIC FACT ( LIFE ?AT UNEMPLOYM5T WAS CREAT$ BY CAPITALISM1 & NO-ONE ELSE4 ,L>GE NUMB]S ( PEOPLE CONT9UE TO BLAME !MSELVES = !IR UNEMPLOY$ /ATE1 = !IR POV]TY & LACK ( ANY HUMAN WOR?1 AN ATTITUDE ! /ATE SEES NO REASON TO *ANGE4 ,IT KEEPS PEOPLE FROM DEM&+ WORK :5 NONE IS AVAILABLE BUT DOES NOT PREV5T !M BE+ CO]C$ BACK 9TO ! LABOR =CE :5 !Y >E ONCE AGA9 NE$$4 

,?IS IDEOLOGY ( WORK HAS BEGUN TO BE *ALL5G$ BY REC5T *ANGES 9 CAPITALISM ITSELF1 BY *RONIC MASS UNEMPLOYM5T & UND]-EMPLOYM5T1 ! PH5OM5ON ( TEMPOR>Y & CASUAL WORK1 %ORT-T]M CONTRACTS & FLEXIBILITY4 ,! NOTION ( A JOB = LIFE1 SO WIDESPREAD 9 ! BOOM P]IOD ( PO/W> CAPITALISM1 HAS BECOME A ?+ ( ! PA/ = MO/ WORK+ PEOPLE \TSIDE ! SO-CALL$ PR(ESSIONS4 ,! APPR5TICE%IPS :I* CREAT$ SKILL$ MANUAL WORK]S = MANUFACTUR+ 9DU/RIES >E ALMO/ NON-EXI/5T4 ,WORK IS TRANSITORY1 FRAGM5T$ & P]IODS ( UNEMPLOYM5T REG>D$ AS A NATURAL CONDITION4 ,MANY Y\NG WORK+ CLASS PEOPLE HAVE NEV] EXP]I5C$ ! 'DIGNITY' :I* LABOR IS SUPPOS$ TO BE/[ & ?OSE :O HAVE NEV] KN[N ! 'WORLD ( WORK' FEEL LITTLE GUILT 9 NOT BE+ P>T ( IT4 ,AT ! SAME TIME IT IS OBVI\S ?AT WORK AS A BASIS = CAPITALISM'S DESIR$ SMOO? SOCIAL 9TEGRATION ( ! WORK+ CLASS IS BE+ UND]M9$ BO? BY *RONIC GLOBAL ECONOMIC CRISES1 :I* IS REQUIR+ RAPID & RADICAL RE/RUCTUR+1 & BY NEW TE*NOLOGIES :I* >E 9CREAS+LY MAK+ C]TA9 CLASSES ( WORK]S R$UNDANT4 

,SO :]E DOES ?IS LEAVE LIB]T>IAN REVOLUTION>IES & \R VISION ( SOCIAL *ANGE 8 ,WILL \R >GUM5TS = A SOCIETY )\T 'EMPLOYM5T' IE )\T BOSSES & WAGE LABOR1 MAKE MORE S5SE TO WORK+ CLASS PEOPLE = :OM WORK HAS ALREADY BECOME A DESPICABLE MEANS TO AN 5D1 & = :OM WORK HAS LITTLE MEAN+4 ,IS !RE ! POSSIBILITY ?AT A WEAK5+ ( WORK]S' ID5TIFICATION ) !IR 'OCCUPATION' WILL 5G5D] A WEAK5+ ( !IR ID5TIFICATION ) ! /ATUS QUO8 ,OR P]HAPS ! ATOMIZATION ( L>GE SECTIONS ( ! WORK+ CLASS BY ! CONT9U+ PROCESS ( CAPITALISM'S DEVELOPM5T BR+ A FUR!R DISSIPATION ( CLASS CONSCI\SNESS8 

,:ATEV] ! CONSEQU5CES ( ! DECL9E ( ! WORK E?IC & IDEOLOGY1 ONE ?+ IS = C]TA9 & ?AT IS ?AT WAGE LABOR WILL REMA9 AN ALI5AT$ & ALI5AT+ EXP]I5CE = ?OSE :O >E =C$ TO TAKE P>T 9 IT AT :ATEV] LEVEL1 & ?AT ! EXPLOITATION 9H]5T 9 WORK UND] CAPITALISM WILL NOT GO AWAY4 ,! EMANCIPATION FROM WORK IS ! TASK ( ! WORK]S ALONE6 

,L,E,A,D,],S 

  

,M,O,/ ,P,E,O,P,L,E ON ! LEFT W\LD >GUE ?AT 'DEMOCRACY' IS 9F9ITELY PREF]ABLE TO FASCISM & MANY WORK+ CLASS PEOPLE DIES 9 :AT !Y SAW AS A FI<T AGA9/ ! TYRANNY ( FASCISM4 ,H[EV]1 ?IS SUPPOS$ ALT]NATIVE ALSO TAKES AWAY \R LIB]TY 9 P]HAPS A MORE 9SIDI\S MANN] BECAUSE ( ! SMOKE-SCRE5 IT HIDES BEH9D4 ,ONE ( ! MA9 DI/9CTIONS BETWE5 ! TWO IS ! USE ( NAK$ =CE BY FASCISM AS OPPOS$ TO ! SUBTLE BRA9WA%+ US$ 9 A DEMOCRACY4 ,ONE ME?OD IS BLATANT & CRUDE1 ! O!R IS SUBTLE & SOPHI/ICAT$ BUT A*IEV+ ! SAME GOAL3 \R PASSIVE ACCEPTANCE ( A SY/EM ?AT OPPRESSES US4 ,A MAJOR PLANK ( ?IS M5AC+ /RATEGY IS ! CULT ( LEAD]%IP1 A CULT ?AT IS 9COMPATIBLE ) ! E/ABLI%M5T ( A SOCIETY BAS$ ON FRE$OM & EQUALITY4 

,9 ANY SOCIETY !RE IS A WIDE RANGE ( ABILITIES1 ) MO/ PEOPLE FALL+ SOME:]E 9 ! MIDDLE4 ,! COLLECTIVE 9TELLIG5CE1 KN[L$GE & EXP]I5CE ( ! MANY F> \TWEI<S ! CONTRIBUTION ( ! FEW SO-CALL$ 'G5IUSES'4 ,DESPITE ?IS1 HUMAN HI/ORY HAS BE5 M>K$ BY ! USURPATION ( /RUGGLE & MOVEM5TS = SOCIAL *ANGE BY LEAD]S :O CLAIM TO KN[ BE/4 ,! /RUGGLE ( M5 & WOM5 = FRE$OM FROM ! POLITICAL1 ECONOMIC & SPIRITUAL %ACKLES ?AT B9D !M HAS ALWAYS BE5 LONG & PA9FUL4 ,BUT TIME & AGA91 HAV+ RID !MSELVES ( ONE TYRANNY1 PEOPLE HAVE ALL[$ ANO!R TO REPLACE IT4 ,AFRAID TO USE !IR NEW F\ND FRE$OM1 !Y HOLD UP !IR WRI/S UP TO SOME NEW JAIL]4 ,IF A TRULY FREE SOCIETY IS TO BE A*IEV$1 :I* CAN ONLY BE AN AN>*I/ COMMUNI/ SOCIETY1 WE MU/ DO MORE ?AN GET RID ( ! OBVI\S S\RCES ( OPPRESSION4 ,! WORK+ CLASS MU/ ALSO TRANS=M ITSELF AS 9DIVIDUALS SO AS TO REJECT LEAD]S1 & ANY NEW TYRANNY4 

,IT IS NOT SURPRIS+ ?AT PEOPLE >E SO WILL+ TO SUBMIT TO LEAD]S4 ,CAPITALI/ SOCIETY IS ORGANIZ$ SO AS TO BLE$ US ( \R ABILITY TO ?9K = \RSELVES & TAKE CONTROL ( \R [N LIVES4 ,?IS LE>N$ PASSIVITY MANIFE/S ITSELF ON ! MO/ SUBTLE PSY*OLOGICAL LEVELS4 ,9DIVIDUALS >E TAU<T FROM AN E>LY AGE ?AT ! BE/ WAY !Y CAN FULFILL ! HUMAN URGE TO SOCIABILITY1 TO BELONG1 IS TO OBEY1 TO ACCEPT AU?ORITY & ! HI]>*Y ( LEAD] & FOLL[]4 ,!RE >E MANY EXAMPLES ( SU* HI]>*IES & ! SUB-CULTURES ?AT SUPPORT !M1 FROM POLITICAL P>TIES TO SK9HEAD GANGS4 ,!RE IS A DRESS & HAIR CODE 7?9K ,NEW ,LABOR DRONES67 ?AT ID5TIFIES PEOPLE AS MEMB]S ( ! GR\P4 ,TO BECOME A MEMB]1 9DIVIDUALS SIGNAL !IR ACCEPTANCE ( ITS CULTURE 7& ITS HI]>*Y7 BY *ANG+ !IR CLO!S1 !IR LOOK1 !IR VIEWS1 TO CON=M4 ,IF ! 9DIVIDUAL QUE/IONS GR\P BEHAVIOR1 OR *ALL5GES ! =MAL OR 9=MAL LEAD]%IP /RUCTURES1 !N %E_/HE IS REJECT$ & LOSES GR\P MEMB]%IP1 A TRAUMATIC EXP]I5CE = MANY4 ,EV5 GR\PS SUPPOS$LY *ALL5G+ CAPITALISM1 SU* AS ! OLD-/YLE COMMUNI/ & TROTSKYI/ P>TIES1 9CORPORATE & CRY/ALLIZE ITS VALUES1 & ! HI]>*IES & DIVISION ( LABOR 9TO 7= 9/ANCE7 'LEAD]S' & ! 'RANK-&-FILE'4 ,! SUBV]SION ( ! URGE TO SOCIABILITY & ! SE>* 79 A TR\BL$ WORLD7 = SECURITY HAS PRODUC$ A CULT ( LEAD]%IP4 ,S*OOLS & Y\? MOVEM5TS >E URG$ TO TRA9 *ILDR5 TO BECOME 0! LEAD]S ( TOMORR[04 ,JOB REF]5CES MU/ EMPHASIZE ! APPLICANT'S 0LEAD]%IP QUALITIES04 ,WORK]S MU/ ELECT LEAD]S :O WILL NEGOTIATE ) ! BOSS4 ,POLITICAL P>TIES ( LEFT & RI<T *OOSE A LEAD] & !N ASK VOT]S TO *OOSE BETWE5 !M1 ) ! W9N] MAK+ DECISIONS = ! 5TIRE POPULATION4 ,! CULT ( LEAD]%IP P]VADES ! :OLE ( SOCIETY4 

,9ITIATIVE 

  

,BE=E WE EXAM9E :AT IS 9VOLV$ 9 ?IS G5]AL ACCEPTANCE ( LEAD]S1 WE WANT TO DIFF]5TIATE IT FROM SOME?+ (T5 CONFUS$ ) LEAD]%IP3 9DIVIDUAL 9ITIATIVE4 ,?IS FUNDAM5TAL IMPULSE TO ORIG9ATE & CON/RUCT1 TO CREATE SOME?+ HELPFUL TO O!RS & :I* W9S !IR APPROVAL IS COMMON TO ALL HUMANITY4 ,IT IS A SELF-EXPRESSIVE IMPULSE ?AT HAS NO?+ TO DO ) ! WILL TO P[] ( ! FEW4 ,! REALIZATION ( ! SELF1 ! EXPRESSION ( \R UNIQU5ESS1 IS ONE ( ! MO/ P[]FUL ( HUMAN ASPIRATIONS & A BASIC BUILD+ BLOCK ( A FREE SOCIETY & MU/ BE PRES]V$ AT ALL CO/S 9 MOD]N SOCIETY4 ,H[EV]1 AS AN>*I/ COMMUNI/S1 WE PR(\NDLY BELIEVE ?AT ! 9DIVIDUAL CAN ONLY REALIZE H]_/HIMSELF 9 A SOCIAL CONTEXT1 )9 ! COMMUNITY & NOT 9 SPITE ( IT4 ,WE >E ASK$ TO ADMIRE ! RAGS-TO-RI*ES /ORY ( ?OSE :O HAVE REJECT$ !IR ORIG9S = A LIFE ( WEAL? & PRIVILEGE BUT R>ELY LE>N ! HUMAN CO/ ( SUCCESS1 BO? TO ! 9DIVIDUAL & ?OSE !Y HAVE H>M$ ALONG ! WAY4 ,WE M>VEL AT ! FACT ?AT SU* PEOPLE HAVE BECOME 'MON/]S'1 SEEM+LY SUPRA-HUMAN FIGURES1 )\T REALIZ+ ?AT1 HAV+ AB&ON$ COMMUNITY1 !IR 9DIVIDUALITY IS ALL ?AT DEF9ES !M ANY MORE4 ,9 CONTRA/1 IF WE >E ABLE TO EXPRESS \RSELVES )9 ! CONTEXT ( ! MANY DIFF]5T GR\PS & COMMUNITIES ?AT WE BELONG TO1 \R 9DIVIDUALITY IS 5HANC$ & NOT1 AS IS SO (T5 SAID1 SUBM]G$4 

,WE >E ALSO TOLD WE NE$ LEAD]S BECAUSE )\T OB$I5CE !RE W\LD BE *AOS4 ,IT IS ASSUM$ ?AT )\T ANYONE TELL+ US :AT TO DO1 WE W\LD NOT KN[ :AT TO DO & NO?+ W\LD GET DONE4 ,NOR W\LD WE KN[ H[ TO BEHAVE4 ,AS AN>*I/S WE KN[ ?AT HUMAN BE+S >E NATURALLY COOP]ATIVE1 PROBLEM-SOLV+ ANIMALS :O C\LD MANAGE P]FECTLY WELL )\T LEAD]S1 & ?AT IT IS CAPITALI/ SOCIETY ?AT FO/]S AGGRESSION & SELFI% COMPETITION4 T IS R>E 9DE$ = LEAD]S TO ACTUALLY HAVE ! ANSW]S ?AT SOLVE ! SOCIAL & P]SONAL PROBLEMS CONFRONT+ US4 ,?IS NE$ TO OV]COME SU* PROBLEMS LEADS US TO *>ISMATIC CONM5 & WOM5 :O WE ALL[ TO (F] LEAD]%IP4 ,:AT !Y (F] IS A %AM1 A DEMAGOGIC RITUAL ?AT ACTUALLY P]SUADES US ?AT ! WORK1 ! EF=T & SACRIFICE DEM&$ TO SOLVE ! PROBLEM WE >E CONFRONT+ IS WOR? IT1 TO PLEASE ! LEAD]4 ,MANY SUPPOS$LY PROGRESSIVE GR\PS1 9CLUD+ P>TIES ( ! LEFT1 PROCLAIM ! SIMPLE NE$ = BETT] LEAD]S4 ,! WORK]S1 !Y SAY1 OR ! PEOPLE1 HAVE BE5 LET D[N BY BAD LEAD]S4 ,9 O!R WORDS1 !Y WANT !MSELVES TO REPLACE ! 'BAD' LEAD]S CURR5TLY 9 P[]4 ,?IS IS JU/ ANO!R %AM1 A DANG]\S DIV]SION = :AT WE NE$ IS NO LEAD]S1 NOT BETT] ONES4 

,UNNATURAL ,SOCIETIES 

  

,! SOCIAL HI]>*Y ?AT WE ACCEPT AS A NATURAL ORD] IS JU/ AS UNNATURAL & ILLOGICAL AS GOV]NM5T ITSELF4 ,!RE >E NO 'NATURAL' LEAD]S1 ONLY A RUL+ CLASS :I* HAS GRABB$ P[] & USES ?IS P[] TO EXPLOIT & DOM9ATE ! MASS ( HUMANITY4 ,SOCIAL CLASSES >E NOT ORDA9$ BY NATURE BUT ! HI/ORICAL PRODUCT ( AN EXPLOITATIVE SOCIETY4 ,UN=TUNATELY ! ACCEPTANCE ( HI]>*Y HAS FILT]$ D[N TO ALL LEVELS ( SOCIETY & EV5 EXI/S 9 ! ORGANIZATIONS WORK]S CREATE IT *ALL5GE ! SY/EM4 

,COLLECTIVE RESPONSIBILITY IS ! ALT]NATIVE TO LEAD]%IP & ! C\NT]P>T TO EQUALITY4 ,IF WE >E TO SUCCE$ 9 BUILD+ AN AN>*I/ COMMUNI/ SOCIETY1 !N ! WORK+ CLASS MU/ LE>N TO RELY ON ITSELF4 ,& EA* 9DIVIDUAL 9 ?AT CLASS MU/ BE PREP>$ TO TAKE RESPONSIBILITY & P>TICIPATE 9 ! TRANS=MATION ( SOCIETY4 ,! REVOLUTION MU/ NOT ONLY BE AGA9/ ! RUL+ CLASS BUT AGA9/ LEAD]S & HI]>*Y AT ALL LEVELS ( SOCIETY4 ,&1 MO/ IMPORTANTLY1 IT MU/ BE A REVOLUTION AGA9/ \R [N PASSIVITY4 

,P,A,T,R,I,>,*,Y 

  

,A ,B,I,G ,W,O,R,D US$ BY MANY TO DESCRIBE SOCIETIES ?AT >E RUL$ BY M54 ,ORIG9ALLY IT WAS US$ TO REF] TO MORE 'PRIMITIVE'1 OLD] CULTURES1 COMP>+ !M ) ! MATRI>*AL 7RUL$ BY WOM57 SOCIETIES ?AT HAD APP>5TLY COME BE=E4 ,! T]M BECAME POPUL> 9 ! LATE '#fS & '#gS ) ! GR[? ( ! WOM5'S MOVEM5T4 ,9/EAD ( TALK+ AB\T CAPITALI/ SOCIETY1 :I* WAS A SEX-NEUTRAL T]M IMPLY+ ! RULE ( CAPITAL1 FEM9I/S W]E KE5 TO USE A WORD HI<LI<T+ ! DOM9ANT ROLE M5 PLAY$ 9 SOCIETY4 ,BOSSES1 MILIT>Y LEAD]S1 POLITICIANS1 RAPI/S1 WIFE BEAT]S1 ETC1 >E1 = ! MO/ P>T1 M54 ,EV5 WORK+ CLASS M5 RULE 9 !IR [N HOME & UPP] CLASS WOM5 >E DEP5D5T & SUBS]VI5T TO !IR DOM9ANT HUSB&S & FA!RS4 ,BY US+ ! T]M PATRI>*Y1 FEM9I/S HOP$ TO *ALL5GE ! ASSUMPTION MADE BY REVOLUTION>IES ( V>I\S T5D5CIES3 ?AT 5D+ CAPITALISM W\LD AUTOMATICALLY 5D WOM5'S OPPRESSION4 

,PATRI>*Y C\LD BE US$ TO DESCRIBE A :OLE SOCIAL SY/EM4 ,9 !'#gS & #hS1 DEBATES RAG$ AS TO :E!R SU* A SOCIAL SY/EM EXI/$4 ,TRADITIONAL LEFTI/S 9 ! ,M>XI/ ORGANIZATIONS D5\NC$ ! USE ( ! T]M BECAUSE IT IMPLI$ ?AT M5'S OPPRESSION ( WOM5 WAS MORE FUNDAM5TAL ?AN ! BOSSES' EXPLOITATION ( ! WORK+ CLASS4 ,WOM5 ACTIVI/S ACCUS$ ! POLITICAL ORGANIZATIONS ( PUTT+ ALL OPPRESSION D[N TO CLASS EXPLOITATION1 SO IGNOR+ ! EXI/5CE ( M5'S ROLE 9 SOCIETY AS OPPRESSORS4 ,O!RS TRI$ TO BRIDGE ! GAP BY US+ ! T]M PATRI>*AL CAPITALISM1 >GU+ ?AT BO? SEXUAL OPPRESSION & CLASS EXPLOITATION W]E IMPORTANT3 0,BY PATRI>*Y WE MEAN A SY/EM 9 :I* ALL WOM5 >E OPPRESS$1 AN OPPRESSION :I* IS TOTAL1 AFFECT+ ALL ASPECTS ( \R LIVES4 ,JU/ AS CLASS OPPRESSION PREC$$ CAPITALISM1 SO DOES \R OPPRESSION4 ,WE DO NOT ACKN[L$GE ?AT M5 >E OPPRESS$ AS A SEX AL?\< WORK+ CLASS M51 GAY M5 & BLACK M5 >E OPPRESS$ AS WORK]S1 GAYS & BLACKS1 AN OPPRESSION %>$ BY GAY1 BLACK & WORK+ CLASS WOM540 7,$ITORIAL /ATEM5T3 ,SC>LET ,WOM5 #h1 NEWSLETT] ( ! ,SOCIALI/ ,FEM9I/ ,CURR5T7 

,A ,SIDE ,ISSUE8 

  

,9 ! 5D NO?+ WAS RESOLV$4 ,9 ! ,L59I/ ORGANIZATIONS1 ! 'CLASS SIDE' WON & WOM5'S OPPRESSION WAS ONCE AGA9 RELEGAT$ TO A SIDE ISSUE4 ,MANY WOM5 RETREAT$ ANGRILY 9TO SEP>ATISM1 RE9=C+ ! VIEW ?AT M5 >E ! KEY 5EMY4 ,SO :]E DO AN>*I/ COMMUNI/S /& 9 ALL ?IS8 ,AN>*I/ COMMUNI/S REJECT ! VIEW ?AT WOM5'S OPPRESSION WILL 5D ) ! OV]?R[ ( ! BOSSES & RECOGNIZE IT CANNOT BE EXPLA9$ SIMPLY 9 T]MS ( AN ECONOMIC SY/EM4 ,A MORE COMPLEX FRAMEWORK ( ANALYSIS IS NE$$1 RECOGNIZ+ ! ROLE ( IDEOLOGY & ! ROLE ( M5 9 KEEP+ WOM5 D[N4 ,= ?IS ! CONCEPT ( PATRI>*Y IS USEFUL1 ?\< A RA!R AB/RACT T]M4 ,?IS DOES NOT MEAN ?AT MALE DOM9ATION IS NATURAL OR UN*ANGEABLE4 ,IT IS NOT M5 AS SU* :O >E ! 5EMY1 BUT ! ROLES ( MASCUL9ITY ?AT !Y >E PLAY+ & ! P[] !Y HAVE4 ,AT ! SAME TIME WOM5'S OPPRESSION CANNOT BE UND]/OOD SOLELY 9 T]MS ( PATRI>*Y AS ?IS FAILS TO ADDRESS ! WAY CAPITALISM HAS 9FLU5C$ WOM5'S OPPRESSION1 CREAT+ DIFF]5T CIRCUM/ANCES = WOM5 9 DIFF]5T CLASSES AS WELL AS GIV+ !N DIFF]+ AM\NTS ( P[]4 ,9 ! SAME WAY ?AT WE CANNOT GLOSS OV] DIFF]5CE BETWE5 M5 & WOM5 )9 ! WORK+ CLASS1 WE CANNOT GLOSS OV] DIFF]5CES BETWE5 WOM54 ,NEV]!LESS1 ! CONCEPT ( PATRI>*Y HI<LI<TS ! FACT ?AT WOM5 >E OPPRESS$ & ?AT !Y >E NOT JU/ OPPRESS$ BY CAPITAL BUT BY M51 :O HAVE AN 9T]E/ 9 MA9TA9+ ?IS SITUATION4 

,9 SOME CASES IT IS OBVI\S TO SEE H[ M5 B5EFIT FROM SEXISM3 M5'S SUP]IOR PLACE 9 ! LABOR M>KET1 & ! EMOTIONAL & MAT]IAL B5EFITS !Y GA9 FROM ! FAMILY4 ,H[EV]1 M5 B5EFIT 9 LESS OBVI\S WAYS1 AS 9 SEXUALITY1 ) WOM5 BE>+ ! BURD5 ( CONTRACEPTION4 ,AN>*I/ COMMUNISM IS AB\T TRANS=M+ ALL >EAS ( LIFE - NOT JU/ MAT]IAL CIRCUM/ANCES4 ,IT FOLL[S ?AT WE NE$ TO *ALL5GE ! :OLE CULTURE :I* WILL 9VOLVE REVOLUTIONIZ+ ! RELATIONS BETWE5 M5 & WOM51 LIB]AT+ BO? SEXES FROM ! TRADITIONAL ROLE ?AT WE HAVE BE5 BRA9WA%$ TO PLAY4 

,?IS /RUGGLE MU/ BE P>T ( ! G5]AL REVOLUTION>Y MOVEM5T TO OV] ?R[ CAPITALISM4 ,CAPITALISM USES ! G5D] DIFF]5CES TO ITS [N ADVANTAGE - ! 'MA*O MAN' = W> & BUS9ESS & ! FEM99E WOMAN' = C>+1 SUPPORT+ & PICK+ UP ! PIECES4 ,! REVOLUTION MU/ BE ONE ?AT 5DS ALL P[]1 :E!R IT IS ?AT ( CAPITAL1 ! ,/ATE OR MALE4 ,ON ITS [N1 ! CONCEPT ( PATRI>*Y IS 9ADEQUATE = UND]/&+ WOM5'S OPPRESSION4 ,H[EV] US$ 9 CONJUNCTION ) A G5]AL CLASS ANALYSIS IT PLAYS AN ESS5TIAL P>T 9 \R UND]/&+ ( SOCIETY4 

,O,P,P,O,S,I,T,I,O,N ,T,O ,R,A,C,I,S,M 

  

,A,L,?,\,< ,A,N,>,*,I,S,M ,A,S AN IDEA IS COMPL$Y 9COMPATIBLE ) ANY ) ANY =M ( RACISM1 ! ,AN>*I/ MOVEM5T HAS NOT BE5 FREE ( ! RACISM 9H]5T 9 ! SOCIETIES FROM :I* IT HAS COME1 ! MO/ 9FAM\S BE+ ,BAKUN9'S PAN-SLAVISM & ANTI-,G]MAN VIEWS4 

,MORE ?AN ?IS1 AN>*ISM IS L>GELY ! PRODUCT ( :ITE ,EUROPEANS :O1 H[EV] COMMITT$ TO ! CONCEPT ( A GLOBAL EMANCIPATION ( ALL OPPRESS$ PEOPLE1 W]E & >E LIMIT$ BY !IR [N CULTURAL BACKGR\ND1 & ONE ( ! CONSEQU5CES ( ?IS IS ?AT ! MOVEM5T HAS CONC5TRAT$ ON CLASS & ! /ATE AS ! PRIME FACTORS 9 A*IEV+ FRE$OM & EQUALITY :ILE O!R =MS ( EXPLOITATION SU* AS RACE1 BUT ALSO G5D]1 SEXUAL ORI5TATION1 DISABILITY1 AGE ETC >E REG>D$ AS SIDE ISSUES :I* WILL EI!R MAGICALLY DISAPPE> ON ! ABOLITION ( CAPITALISM OR >E SUBSUM$ AS JU/ ANO!R FACET ( ! CLASS /RUGGLE4 ,MANY1 IF NOT MO/1 AN>*I/S >E CONSCI\S ( !SE FAIL+S 9 \R MOVEM5T & :ILE A FULL SOCIAL REVOLUTION CAN ONLY COME FROM ! COMB9$ /RUGGLE & !ORY ( ALL ! OPPRESS$1 ) ! AIM ( FUR!R+ \R [N UND]/&+1 H]E >E SOME NOTES FROM ! AN>*I/ MOVEM5T ( TODAY ON :Y WE OPPOSE RACISM1 :AT \R ANALYSIS ( RACISM IS & H[ WE CAN BE/ FI<T IT4 

,! IDEA ?AT PEOPLE %\LD BE TREAT$ DIFF]5TLY BECAUSE ( PHYSICAL OR G5ETIC DIFF]5CES IS SO E?ICALLY REVOLT+ & FRANKLY LUDICR\S ?AT Y\ MI<T WELL ?9K IT IS A WA/E ( TIME TO REFUTE SU* BL9D PREJUDICES ) COG5T >GUM5TS4 ,NEV]!LESS1 = ! SAKE ( CL>ITY & TO CLE> UP A FEW DIFFICULTIES1 H]E >E SOME KEY PO9TS4 ,AN>*I/ COMMUNISM IS A SOCIETY ( ALL RATIONAL BE+S1 ! FACT !RE >E NO SUB/ANTIAL DIFF]5CES BETWE5 SO-CALL$ RACIAL GR\PS IS A DIV]SION1 IT W\LD NOT MATT] TO AN>*I/S IF !RE W]E & ! :OLE DEBATE ON RACIAL SCI5CE1 ?\< D\BTLESS 9T]E/+ 9 T]MS ( HUMAN BIOLOGY1 IS POLITICALLY USELESS AS AN >GUM5T = OR AGA9/ RACISM4 ,! SIMPLI/IC1 ANTI-RACI/ VIEWS ( ?OSE 9 P[] OBSCURE ! REAL REASONS = OPPOS+ RACISM4 ,IF ,JESSE ,[5S HAD WON NO?+ AT ! ,B]L9 ,OLYMPICS HE W\LD /ILL HAVE BE5 AS 5TITL$ TO EQUAL TREATM5T ) :ITE PEOPLE & ,HITL]'S ,NATIONAL ,SOCIALISM W\LD /ILL HAVE BE5 AS EVIL & REPUGNANT A DOCTR9E4 ,! PROBLEM ) RACI/S IS NOT ?AT !Y HAVE SMALL BRA9S1 AS 9 A FAM\S ADV]TIS+ CAMPAIGN1 BUT ?AT !Y HAVE WRONG IDEAS4 ,A SECOND PO9T IS ?AT CULTURAL DIFF]5CES DO NOT IMPLY POLITICAL DIFF]5CES4 ,AN>*ISM RECOGNIZES CULTURAL DIFF]5CES BETWE5 GR\PS ( PEOPLE AS WELL AS BETWE5 9DIVIDUALS4 ,IF MY NEI<BOR LIKES POP MUSIC & ,I LIKE CLASSICAL IT %\LD HAVE NO BE>+ IF WE MEET TOGE!R AS P>T ( \R LOCAL COMMUNITY TO1 SAY1 DECIDE ON 9/ALL+ C5TRAL HEAT+ 9 \R BLOCK ( FLATS4 ,9 A FUTURE AN>*I/ SOCIETY1 GR\PS ! WORLD OV] WILL HAVE TO CO-OP]ATE ON PRACTICAL ISSUES ALL ! TIME1 ?IS WILL GIVE !M AN OPPORTUNITY TO %>E !IR CULTURAL BACKGR\NDS BUT NOT = ONE TO IMPOSE IT ON ANO!R4 ,! PROBLEM IS NOT ( DIFF]+ CULTURES BUT ( DIFF]+ P[]4 

,F9ALLY ON ?IS SUBJECT1 AN>*ISM IS DI/+UI%$ FROM LIB]AL ANTI-RACISM 9 ECONOMICS4 ,WE DO NOT ADVOCATE 9DIVIDUAL OR NATIONAL 9H]ITANCE ( MONEY OR ANY =M ( PROP]TY4 ,!RE HAS BE5 MU* >GUM5T OV] ! ISSUE ( COMP5SAT+ DISADVANTAG$ RACIAL OR NATIONAL GR\PS = EXPLOITATION ( !IR ANCE/ORS1 = EXAMPLE AFFIRMATIVE ACTION ON EMPLOYM5T 9 ,AM]ICA OR COMP5SATION TO ,AFRICAN C\NTRIES = ! EFFECTS ( ! SLAVE TRADE4 ,! AN>*I/ RESPONSE IS TO DEM& AN IMM$IATE R$I/RIBUTION ( GOODS & S]VICES WORLDWIDE ON ! BASIS ( NE$ 5ACT$ BY A GLOBAL REVOLUTION1 BUT ?IS IS NOT ! SAME AS GIV+ PEOPLE :AT !Y HAVE A RI<T TO OR GIV+ BACK :AT !Y HAVE BE5 ROBB$ OR *EAT$ (4 ,EV5 IF IT W]E POSSIBLE TO ASSESS CORRECTLY ALL ! 9JU/ICES ( ! PA/1 AN 9COMPREH5SIBLY DIFFICULT TASK1 WE CAN DO NO?+ TO COMP5SATE ! DEAD4 ,MORE FUNDAM5TALLY WE REG>D ! WORLD'S WEAL? AS AN ACCUMULATION ( ! WORK & IDEAS ( ! :OLE HUMAN RACE ?R\<\T HI/ORY & AS SU* IT %\LD BE EQUALLY AVAILABLE TO ALL ACCORD+ TO !IR NE$S4 ,AS AN EXAMPLE1 Y\ C\LD NOT READ ?IS >TICLE IF PAP] HAD NOT BE5 9V5T$1 BUT NO-ONE CAN ID5TIFY ALL ! ?\S&S 9VOLV$ 9 ?AT PROCESS NOR %\LD ?AT GIVE1 IF IT W]E POSSIBLE1 !IR DESC5DANTS AN EXCLUSIVE RI<T TO ! USE ( PAP]1 BECAUSE IT IS ! COMMON 9H]ITANCE ( HUMANITY4 ,! MI/AKE ( UNDO+ ! EVILS ( ! PA/ IS 9 P]PETUAT+ ITS DIVISIONS :ILE 9 REALITY ONLY A FEW 9 PRIVILEG$ ELITES B5EFIT4 

,! PROBLEM = AN>*ISM IS H[ OPPOS+ RACISM FITS 9 ) RI<T+ ALL OPPRESSION & EXPLOITATION4 ,AN>*ISM HAS TRADITIONALLY SE5 CLASS AS ! KEY M]IT ( ANALYSIS1 NOT ONLY BECAUSE IT ! KEY DIVISION 9 ! E/ABLI%M5T ( CAPITALISM 9 ,EUROPE BUT ALSO BECAUSE UNLIKE RACIAL OR G5D] DIVISIONS1 IT IS A TOTALLY SOCIAL CON/RUCT SO ?AT PEOPLE CAN NOT ONLY *ANGE CLASS BUT ?AT CLASS ITSELF CAN BE ABOLI%$1 :]EAS ) RACE ONLY ! EXPLOITATIVE NATURE1 NOT ! CONCEPT ITSELF1 WAS TO BE *ANG$4 ,EQUALITY BETWE5 RACES OR ANY O!R PHYSICAL DI/9CTION W\LD !RE=E LOGICALLY COME ) ! ABOLITION ( CLASS4 ,BUT ?IS WAS NOT SE5 AS BE+ TRUE ! O!R WAY R\ND1 SO ?AT !RE C\LD BE A SOCIETY 9 :I* !RE IS NO DISCRIM9ATION ON GR\NDS ( RACE1 :I* IS /ILL HI]>*ICAL & EXPLOITATIVE4 ,:ILE !RE IS MU* TRU? 9 ?IS1 IT IS A FACT ?AT ! VA/ MAJORITY ( /RUGGLE 9ITIAT$ 9 FAVOR ( ! WORK+ CLASS1 E4G4 SOCIAL DEMOCRACY 7= EXAMPLE1 ! ,LABOR ,P>TY7 & ,M>XI/-,L59ISM1 HAVE PROV$ CAPABLE ( TAK+ P[] ON BEHALF ( ! WORK+ CLASS )\T %[+ ANY SIGN ( ABOLI%+ 9EQUALITY4 ,)\T CONSCI\S EF=T TO ?AT 5D1 IT DOES NOT FOLL[ ?AT AN AN>*I/ REVOLUTION W\LD ELIM9ATE EXI/+ PREJUDICES4 ,:ILE ! TRADITIONAL AN>*I/ EMPHASIS ON SMALL-SCALE COMMUNITY DECISION-MAK+ W\LD HAVE A V]Y REAL DANG] ( LEAV+ GLOBAL DIFF]5CES 9 WEAL? UN*ANG$ FROM ?AT ( CAPITALISM4 

,! /RUGGLE AGA9/ RACISM DOES NOT PRECLUDE A SIMULTANE\S EQUALITY 9 ALL O!R =MS ( SOCIAL RELATIONS2 9 FACT IT LOGICALLY REQUIRES IT4 ,OV]COM+ RACISM IS NOT A SEP>ATE ISSUE OR A FIR/ /EP 9 A*IEV+ AN ,AN>*I/ COMMUNI/ SOCIETY1 BUT AN 9TEGRAL P>T ( ! PROCESS4 ,H[ L>GE A P>T DEP5DS ON H[ MU* /ATES & BOSSES EXPLOIT PEOPLE ON RACIAL L9ES & H[ WELL WE /OP !M SUBV]T+ ! /RUGGLE ) LIB]AL MY?S ( 'EQUALITY BE=E ! LAW' & TOK5 'SUCCESS' /ORIES ( 9DIVIDUALS MAK+ GOOD UND] CAPITALISM4 ,AS ) ANY =M ( OPPRESSION PEOPLE ( COLOR CAN ONLY BE SECURE 9 !IR FRE$OM IF EV]YONE ELSE IS4 ,?IS IS :]E ! /RUGGLE AGA9/ RACISM MAY PROVIDE A KEY/ONE ( LIB]T>IAN !ORY1 = RACISM IS LITTLE MORE ?AN ! 9V]SE SIDE ( SOCIAL SOLID>ITY4 ,ID5TIFY+ ?IS NATURAL S5SE ( SOLID>ITY ) EXCLUSION ( O!RS GIVES RACISM ITS /R5G?1 BUT 9 FI<T+ IT WE CAN ACQUIRE ! TOOLS ( A CO-OP]ATIVE SOCIAL 9T]ACTION4 

,AS MAT]IALI/S WE BELIEVE ?AT ! /RUGGLE = FRE$OM COMES \T ( ! REAL EXP]I5CE ( PEOPLE FI<T+ !IR OPPRESSORS & DEVELOP+ AN ALT]NATIVE SOCIETY FROM ! PROCESS ( DO+ SO4 ,?IS MEANS ?AT ! PRIME MOVE MU/ COME FROM EA* OPPRESS$ GR\P ITSELF4 ,= RACISM 9 ,BRITA9 ?IS 9VOLVES ! NON-:ITE POPULATION ORGANIZ+ ACCORD+ TO !IR [N UND]/&+ & EXP]I5CE1 BUT ) ! SUPPORT ( ?OSE :O >E OPPRESS$ 9 O!R WAYS4 ,?IS IS NOT SIMPLY A UNION ( DIFF]5T GR\PS WORK+ TOGE!R TO MAKE !MSELVES MORE EFFECTIVE1 BUT A RECOGNITION ?AT 9DIVIDUALS FACE MANY =MS ( OPPRESSION SIMULTANE\SLY & JU/ AS EA* ( !SE CAN ONLY BE F\<T BY JO9+ TOGE!R ) O!RS :O SUFF] 9 ! SAME WAY1 ! :OLE $IFICE ( TYRANNY CAN ONLY BE OV]COME BY JO9+ TOGE!R ALL OPPRESS$ GR\PS4 ,NO BASIS ( /RUGGLE IS 9TR9SICALLY MORE IMPORTANT ?AN ANO!R 9 A*IEV+ ?IS1 ! IMPORTANT ?+ IS TO =M FROM !M A UNITY ( !ORY & PRACTICE4 ,JU/ TO F9I%1 ?IS PIECE HAS BE5 LONG ON !ORY & LACK+ 9 PRACTICAL IDEAS AS TO COMBAT+ RACISM 9 EV]YDAY LIFE1 :I* IS JU/ AS IMPORTANT TO ! AN>*I/ POSITION1 & WE HOPE TO DEAL ) ?IS 9 DETAIL SOON4 ,9 ! MEANTIME1 IF ?IS >TICLE IS TOO HEAVY1 FEEL FREE TO BOP SOME :ITE SUPREMACI/ ON ! HEAD ) IT4 

,M,I,L,I,T,>,I,S,M 

  

,( ,A,L,L ,! ',I,S,M,S'1 MILIT>ISM IS ! MO/ POISON\S1 DE/RUCTIVE & DANG]\S4 ,:5 ACTIVE IT DE/ROYS PEOPLE1 CULTURES & RATIONAL ?\<T4 ,:5 RELATIVELY PASSIVE 7?\< IT IS NEV] TRULY PASSIVE71 IT 5T]S ! M9DS & VALUE SY/EMS ( SOCIETY 9 A WAY ?AT RE9=CES CON=MITY & OB$I5CE4 

,MILIT>Y VALUES REQUIRE UNI=MITY1 NOT ONLY ( APPE>ANCE BUT ALSO ( ATTITUDE & VALUES4 ,! >M$ =CES EXP5D CONSID]ABLE EF=T 9 5SUR+ ?AT SOLDI]S AT AL LEVELS ACCEPT )\T QUE/ION ! 9H]5T & UNQUE/IONABLE SUP]IORITY ( !IR ME?ODS1 AIMS & IDEOLOGY4 ,9 ! HEAT ( BATTLE !RE IS NO SCOPE = QUE/ION+ ! VALIDITY ( ! CAMPAIGN OR P>TICUL> ACTION4 ,ROBOT-LIKE ACCEPTANCE IS P>AM\NT4 ,MILIT>ISM1 ! GLORIFICATION ( MILIT>Y VALUES & ME?ODS1 HAS A LONG HI/ORY4 ,9 ,EUROPE1 ,ASIA & ,S\? ,AM]ICA ?AT UND\BT$ SYMBOL ( MILIT>ISM1 ! MILIT>Y UNI=M & ) IT SOCIAL PRE/IGE1 HAS EXI/$ = ?\S&S ( YE>S1 AS WITNESS ,ASSYRIAN C>V$ RELIEFS LOOT$ FROM ,IRAQ BUT N[ 9 ! ,BRITI% ,MUSEUM %[+ ! DISCIPL9$ RANKS ( ! K+'S >MY2 !SE >E WELL OV] #b1#e YE>S OLD4 ,MILIT>Y VALUES ALSO ACCEPT )\T QUE/ION ! VALIDITY ( HI]>*Y4 ,ORD]S />T AT ! TOP & >E PASS$ D[N TO ! RANKS4 ,:IL/ !RE IS SCOPE = 9DIVIDUAL DECISION-MAK+ - NO L>GE ORGANIZATION CAN COPE )\T SOME IMAG9ATIONS & 9ITIATIVE - ?IS IS ONLY P]MITT$ )9 A /RICT & RIGID *A9 ( COMM&4 ,DESPITE SKEPTICISM )9 ! RANKS1 ORD]S >E !RE TO BE OBEY$4 ,OB$I5CE IS AN ESS5TIAL FEATURE ( ! MILIT>Y APPROA* &1 9 W>TIME1 FAILURE TO OBEY CAN LEAD TO SEV]E PUNI%M5TS4 

,MILIT>ISM ,& ,SOCIETY 

  

,A FUR!R FEATURE ( ! MILIT>Y APPROA* IS DISCIPL9E4 ,! SOLDI]1 SAILOR OR AIR =CE P]SON MU/ ACT AS P>T ( A TEAM1 EX]CIS+ SELF-DISCIPL9E 9 ALL CIRCUM/ANCES4 ,& ?IS SELF-DISCIPL9E MU/ BE AN EXT5SION & 9T]NALIZATION ( ! WID] MILIT>Y DISCIPL9E4 ,DISCIPL9E1 HI]>*Y & OB$I5CE COMB9E TO REALIZE MO/ EFFECTIVELY ! ULTIMATE AIM ( MILIT>Y VALUES1 ! ACTIVATION ( VIOL5CE4 ,S9CE ! DAYS ( ! SPE> & ! B[1 MILIT>Y TE*NOLOGY HAS PURSU$ A S+LE GOAL1 ! MO/ EFFECTIVE DE/RUCTION ( ! 5EMY ) ! M9IMUM LOSS TO ONE'S [N SIDE4 ,CAPITALISM'S VA/ 9VE/M5T 91 & PR(ITS FROM SU* TE*NOLOGY HAS GIV5 ! >M$ =CES ( ! WORLD'S MO/ P[]FUL NATIONS A KILL+ CAPACITY ?AT N[ MAKES ! MASS DE/RUCTIONS ( ,DRESD5 OR ,HIRO%IMA LOOK LIKE TEA P>TIES4 

,MILIT>ISM IS ! APPLICATION ( MILIT>Y ME?ODS & VALUES TO ! WID] SOCIETY4 ,?IS IS DONE MO/ EFFECTIVELY :5 IT ACCOMPANIES SOME O!R SO-CALL$ TRU? SU* AS RELIGION1 RACIAL PURITY1 IMP]IALISM & NATIONALISM4 ,9 ITS MO/ EFFECTIVE EXPRESSIONS - ,NAZI ,G]MANY & ,/AL9I/ ,RUSSIA - ALL OPPOSITION WAS EI!R ELIM9AT$ OR C[$ & ! :OLE SOCIETY SUBJECT$ TO MILIT>Y ME?ODS & ORGANIZATION1 LEAD+ ULTIMATELY TO W>4 ,:E!R RACIAL NATIONALISM 9 ,G]MANY OR 'SOCIALISM 9 ON C\NTRY' 9 ,RUSSIA 7LEAD+ TO ! ,GREAT ,PATRIOTIC ,W> ( #a#i#d#a-#e71 ! ID5TIFICATION ( NATION ) ! >MY WAS A P[]FUL CONCOCTION4 ,MORE REC5TLY !RE HAVE BE5 PALE IMITATIONS SU* AS ,SADDAM ,HUSSE9'S LONG W> AGA9/ ,IRAN OR ! RACIAL-RELIGI\S-NATIONALI/ IDEOLOGY ?AT FUEL$ ! ,RW&AN G5OCIDE1 ) ! VIRTUAL DE/RUCTION ( CIVIL SOCIETY 9 ALL ITS S5SES4 ,! REEM]G5CE ( RELIGI\S FUNDAM5TALISM AS A SIGNIFICANT =CE1 COMB9$ ) NATIONALISM & MILIT>ISM1 IS BREW+ A TRULY P[]FUL COCKTAIL ( DE/RUCTION4 ,LA/ SE5 9 PRE-W> ,JAPAN1 IT IS ON ! RISE BO? 9 ! ,ISLAMIC /ATES ALONG ,RUSSIA'S BORD]S & 9 ,AM]ICA ITSELF4 ,IMAG9E A *RI/IAN-IMP]IALI/-MILIT>I/ ,U,S,A SAV+ ! WORLD ?R\< W> ) ! GODLESS HORDES BEYOND ITS BORD]S4 

,MILIT>I/IC1 ,US8 

  

,MILIT>ISM IS NOT RE/RICT$ TO DICTATOR%IPS4 ,IT 9SIDI\SLY P]MEATES MANY CORN]S ( LIFE 9 SUPPOS$LY PEACE-LOV+ & DEMOCRATIC SOCIETIES4 ,Y\NG BOYS 9 P>TICUL> >E SUBTLY & NOT SO SUBTLY 9CULCAT$ 9TO MILIT>I/IC BEHAVIOR & ?\<T4 ,! SC\TS & ! V>I\S MILIT>Y CADET =CES ALL PRET5D TO (F] 9DIVIDUAL GR[? & ADV5TURE BUT ACTUALLY PROMOTE MILIT>Y IDEAS & VALUES4 ,%\LD ANYONE REMA9 SKEPTICAL1 COMP>E ! UNI=MS1 ORGANIZATION & ACTIVITIES ( ! SC\TS ) ?OSE ( ! ,HITL] ,Y\?2 ! SIMIL>ITIES >E REM>KABLE4 ,SU* MILIT>I/IC Y\? ORGANIZATIONS >E SYMPTOMATIC ( AN UND]LY+ T5D5CY T[>DS MILIT>ISM 9 CAPITALI/ SOCIETY4 ,VIOL5T COMPUT] GAMES & VIDEOS >E ! SC&AL ( POLITE SOCIETY :ILE TE5AG]S F+]+ SUB-MA*9E GUNS OR CLAMB]+ OV] TANKS :5EV] ! >MY COMES TO T[N TO RECRUIT IS WIDELY SE5 AS OKAY4 

,! ,BRITI% MILIT>Y PRES5CE 9 ,NOR!RN ,IREL& HAS FUR!R DEEP5$ & EXT5D$ PUBLIC ACCEPTANCE ( MILIT>ISM4 ,! FACT ?AT ! ,BRITI% >M$ =CES HAVE SY/EMATICALLY US$ REPRESSIVE VIOL5CE TO MA9TA9 CAPITALI/ ORD] HAS RAIS$ B>ELY A MURMUR ON ! MA9L& & IS L>GELY UNSE5 \TSIDE ! ,SIX ,C\NTIES4 ,COMP>E ?IS TO ! \TCRY :5EV] A ,BRITI% SOLDI] IS KILL$ OR 9JUR$ OR IMPRISON$ = GUNN+ D[N AN UN>M$ CIVILIAN4 ,! ,BRITI% SOLDI] HAS BE5 RAIS$ UPON A P$E/AL & EV5 :5 CONVICT$ OR MURD]+ A CIVILIAN IS CONSID]$ TO BE 9NOC5T BY ! ,E/ABLI%M5T & MASS M$IA4 

,! ANNUAL POPPY DAY RITUALS AT W> MEMORIALS ?R\<\T ,BRITA9 REM9D ! POPULACE ( ! IMPORTANCE ( ! >M$ =CES TO \R CULTURE4 ,PRET5D+ TO HONOR ?OSE :O W]E KILL$ OR W\ND$ 9 W> 7:ILE 9SULT+ ! WID[S & H&ICAPP$ ) POV]TY LEVEL P5SIONS71 !Y ONLY S]VE TO GLORIFY IT4 ,!SE C]EMONIES MAKE ! 5TIRE MA*9]Y ( W> SACR$1 GIV+ IT A RELIGI\S-PATRIOTIC-SPIRITUAL QUALITY4 ,?\< F\<T ON BEHALF ( ! RUL+ CLASSES1 W>S >E LEGITIMIZ$ & PLAC$ BEYOND CRITICISM4 ,SPECTACLES SU* AS !SE KEEP ! PUBLIC 9T]E/$ 9 ?+S MILIT>Y AT A FAIRLY CON/ANT LEVEL1 READY TO BE MOBILIZ$ 9 TIME ( ! RUL+ CLASS'S NE$ TO GO TO W>4 ,!Y1 & ! ACCOMPANY+ PROPAG&A1 >E P>T ( A MY?OLOGIZ+ PROCESS ?AT LEGITIMIZES ALL PA/ ,BRITI% MILIT>Y ACTIONS4 ,&1 BY EXT5SION1 S]VE TO LEGITIMIZE ALL FUTURE CONFLICTS4 

,MILIT>ISM1 :IL/ L[-KEY 9 ! SO-CALL$ LIB]AL DEMOCRACIES1 HAS BE5 GIV5 A NEW DIM5SION & MAGICAL QUALITY BY ADVANC$ TE*NOLOGY4 ,!RE >E NO LIMITS ON :AT TE*NOLOGY & SCI5CE >E SUPPOS$ TO BE ABLE TO DO & IT IS BR\<T 9TO \R LIVES BY COMBAT MAGAZ9ES & CAM]AS 9 'SM>T' MISSILES4 ,WE >E NOT TOLD1 UNTIL AFT]1 JU/ H[ BADLY SUPPOS$LY ADVANC$ MILIT>Y TE*NOLOGY P]=MS OR ITS EFFECTIV5ESS AT KILL+ '\R' TROOPS1 FRI5DLY =CES OR CIVILIANS4 ,DEA? BY FRI5DLY FIRE IS A PRICE ! W9N+ SIDE IS WELL PREP>$ TO PAY & NO?+ COMP>$ TO :AT ! 5EMY WILL DO UNLESS /OPP$6 ,! CON/ANT REFRA9 ( SUP]IOR MILIT>Y TE*NOLOGY IS MEANT TO CONV9CE ! HOME FRONT ( ITS MORAL SUP]IORITY & TO JU/IFY 9VE/M5T 9TO NEW WEAPONS TO MA9TA9 ?AT SUP]IORITY 9 FUTURE W>S4 

,! ,CULT ,( ,>MS 

  

,BECAUSE WEAPONS MU/ BE SOLD TO >MIES & !IR USE SOLD TO ! PEOPLE :O MU/ FI<T & PAY1 !Y >E (T5 PUBLICIZ$ 9 />TL+ WAYS4 ,FASC9ATION ) MILIT>Y TE*NOLOGY HAS BE5 H>NESS$ TO GIVE ! /ATE'S MURD] MA*9ES A SEXY QUALITY3 LOOK AT ?AT FI<T] BOMB]1 ADMIRE IT'S P[]1 IT'S SMOO? L9ES1 IT'S P]=MANCE4 ,COMBAT *IC1 SURGICAL /RIKES4 ,! >ROGANCE FELT BY ! MILIT>Y ELITES IS %>$ BY ! ORD9>Y SOLDI] 9 MILIT>IZ$ >MIES 7AS OPPOS$ TO1 = 9/ANCE1 CONSCRIPT >MIES1 MILITIAS OR GU]RILLA =CES71 BAS$ ON A CULT ( MASCUL9ITY :I* REA*ES POISON\S HEI<TS 9 ! >M$ =CES4 ,! P>ODY ( :AT M5 %\LD BE LIKE IS GIV5 ITS FULL EXPRESSION ?R\< ! CULT ( HEAVY DR9K+1 BRUTALITY1 H>DNESS & SEGREGATION FROM WOM54 ,?IS LEADS 9 TURN TO A CASUAL BRUTALITY 9 OCCUPI$ C\NTRIES 7& TO ?OSE T[NS 9 ,BRITA9 OCCUPI$ BY >MY B>RACKS71 = 9/ANCE ! ,P>AS 9 ,IREL& & ! ,FALKL&S1 ,U,S ,M>9ES 9 ,OK9AWA1 ,DUT* TROOPS 9 ,BOSNIA & ,CANADIAN SOLDI]S 9 ,SOMALIA4 ,MASS RAPES ( ,G]MAN WOM5 BY ,RUSSIAN SOLDI]S 9 ,W,W,I,I1 BY ,S]BIAN =CES 9 ,BOSNIA OR BY 9T]AHAMWE MILITIAS 9 ,RW&A >E AN 9EVITABLE CONSEQU5CE ( A MILIT>ISM BUILT ON ! MANIPULATION & EXAGG]ATION ( ! DISEAS$ MASCUL9ITY CAPITALISM FO/]S4 ,ANY IDEA ?AT ! >M$ =CES >E BAS$ ON G5D]-NEUTRAL TEAM-WORK & M]IT IS DANG]\S RUBBI% & ! BE/ ?+ WORK+ CLASS M5 & WOM5 CAN DO IS FI<T TO DISMANTLE SU* A CORRUPT 9/ITUTION4 

,=TUNATELY1 BUT NOT ALWAYS SUCCESSFULLY1 MILIT>ISM HAS BE5 C\NT]$ BY ANTI-MILIT>I/ MOVEM5TS4 ,REVOLUTION>Y AN>*I/S HAVE ALWAYS TAK5 A LEAD 9 ANTI-MILIT>I/ ACTIVITIES4 ,IT %\LD BE OBVI\S TO ALL 7BUT ISN'T67 ?AT ! PEOPLE :O HAVE LEA/ TO GA9 & ! MO/ TO SACRIFICE ON ! ALT> ( MILIT>ISM >E WORK+ CLASS PEOPLE4 ,AP>T FROM ! CO/ ( DEVELOP+ & MA9TA9+ ! MILIT>Y 9 PEACETIME 7H[ MANY JET FI<T]S EQUAL A HOSPITAL - NOT MANY71 ! CO/ 9 W>TIME IS MEASUR$ 9 BLOOD4 ,IT IS UND\BT$LY TRUE ?AT ANTI-W> MOVEM5TS ORGANIZ$ BY (FICIAL TRADE UNION & LABOR MOVEM5TS HAVE USUALLY BE5 HOPELESS FAILURES & (T5 COMPLETE BETRAYALS4 ,! IGNOM9I\S COLLAPSE ( ! ,SECOND ,9T]NATIONAL'S POLICY ( OPPOS+ ,W,W,I & REC5T LOYALTY TO ! /ATE'S CAUSE 9 ,IRAQ & ,AF<ANI/AN FALL 9TO ?IS CATEGORY4 

,IT IS P]HAPS ! CON/ANT & SUBTLE TE*NIQUES ( MASS P]SUASION :I* ACC\NTS = ! APP>5T 5?USIASM = W>S BY L>GE SECTIONS ( ! WORK+ CLASS4 ,?IS MISPLAC$ FAI? 9 ! ,/ATE & ! ,NATION HAS HAD DISA/R\S CONSEQU5CES4 ,GIV5 ! CURR5T MILIT>Y CAPACITY ( C\NTRIES LIKE ! ,U,S,A1 & ITS WILL+NESS TO USE ALL ! WEAPONS 9 ITS >S5AL1 NO MATT] H[ HORRIFIC & DE/RUCTIVE1 ! W> AGA9/ MILIT>ISM HAS NEV] BE5 MORE IMPORTANT4 

,C,R,I,M,E ,& ,P,U,N,I,%,M,5,T #a 

  

,! ,:,O,L,E ,D,E,B,A,T,E AB\T CRIME IS HOPELESSLY CONFUS$ & CONFUS+4 ,ONE ?+ 9 C]TA91 9 ! POPULATION AT L>GE1 !RE IS A FE> ( CRIME :I* POLITICIANS1 ESPECIALLY ! ,TORIES BUT 9CREAS+LY ,NEW ,LABOR1 >E EXPLOIT+ = POLITICAL GA94 ,!RE IS AN EV]-GR[+ DEM& BY REACTION>IES ( ALL K9DS TO 0GET T\< ) CRIME04 ,IT IS AN EASY SLOGAN TO MAKE :I* GU>ANTEES ATT5TION BUT1 DESPITE DECADES ( 9ITIATIVES & MASSIVE SP5D+ ON POLIC+1 C\RTS & PRISONS1 CRIME IS NO:]E NE> BE+ DEFEAT$4 ,:Y IS ?IS8 

,SO ,:AT ,DO ,WE ,MEAN ,BY ,CRIME8 

  

,9 CAPITALI/ SOCIETY1 :AT CRIMES ACTUALLY >E IS DET]M9$ BY ! /ATE4 ,!Y MAY1 OR MAY NOT1 CO9CIDE ) :AT WORK+ CLASS PEOPLE ?9K IS WRONG BEHAVIOR4 ,PEOPLE LIV+ ON SOCIAL SECURITY B5EFITS OR ! (T5 EXTREMELY L[ WAGES (F]$ BY CAPITALI/S CANNOT SURVIVE ON :AT IS (F]$ !M4 ,IS IT ANY WOND] ?AT PEOPLE RESORT TO SOCIAL SECURITY 'FRAUD'1 %OPLIFT+ OR O!R PETTY CRIMES OR DON'T ASK :I* P>TICUL> LORRY SOME?+ (F]$ 9 A PUB OR OV] ! G>D5 F5CE HAS 'FALL5 (F ! BACK ('8 ,!IR ATTITUDES *ANGE :5 !Y BECOME ! VICTIMS ( CRIME1 NATURALLY6 ,BUT NOT ALL CRIMES ASSOCIAT$ ) POV]TY >E TOL]AT$4 ,IT IS AN UN=TUNATE FACT ?AT SOME WORK+ CLASS PEOPLE >E QUITE HAPPY TO /EAL FROM OR ABUSE !IR [N K9D4 ,/EAL+ TELEVISION SETS & VIDEOS ON C\NCIL E/ATES OR RACIAL OR SEXUAL ATTACKS >E EXAMPLES ( CRIM9AL BEHAVIOR :I* IS NOT ACCEPTABLE TO ! WORK+ CLASS4 

,DOES ?IS MEAN PEOPLE HAVE D\BLE /&>DS8 ,NOT AT ALL4 ,CRIME MU/ BE SE5 9 CLASS T]MS4 ,CRIME IS DEF9$ & COMBAT$ L>GELY BY ! RUL+ CLASSES ACT+ ?R\< ! /ATE TO MA9TA9 !IR ORD] & PROTECT+ !IR PROP]TY4 ,! MA9T5ANCE ( ORD] IS PRES5T$ AS BE+ 9 ! 9T]E/S ( ALL CLASSES BUT 9 REALITY IS ALL AB\T CREAT+ /ABLE CONDITIONS = ! PROMOTION ( CAPITALISM4 ,CAPITALISM IS ITSELF BAS$ UPON A =M ( ROBB]Y3 EXPLOITATION4 ,BUT ?IS IS NOT DEF9$ BY ! /ATE AS CRIME4 ,SIMIL>LY1 WE ALL HAVE P]SONAL PROP]TY TO PROTECT BUT ! /ATE IS MA9LY CONC]N$ ) ! PROTECTION ( PRIVATE PROP]TY & ! 9/RUM5TS ( LEGAL ROBB]Y3 BANKS1 FACTORIES1 %OPS ETC4 ,WORK+ CLASS PEOPLE >E G5]ALLY AW>E ( ?IS4 ,IT IS COMMON TO HE> ?AT !RE EXI/S 0ONE LAW = ! RI* & ANO!R = ! POOR'4 ,SO F>1 FROM AN AN>*I/ COMMUNI/ /&PO9T1 WE MU/ BE SKEPTICAL1 TO SAY ! LEA/1 AB\T ! :OLE DEBATE AB\T CRIME4 

,CAPITALISM @& ,CRIME 

  

,WE >E CLE> AB\T ONE ?+3 ANTI-SOCIAL CRIME1 MEAN+ ANY?+ :I* OPPRESSES1 ROBS OR DOES VIOL5CE TO ! WORK+ CLASS1 MU/ BE OPPOS$4 ,WE CANNOT WAIT UNTIL 'AFT] ! REVOLUTION' TO FI<T ! ACTIVE 5EMIES ( ! PEOPLE4 ,RACI/ ATTACKS1 SEXUAL ASSAULTS1 MUGG+S >E NOT ACCEPTABLE & WE HAVE TO F9D SOLUTIONS TO !SE PROBLEMS H]E & N[4 ,?IS WILL MEAN VIGILANCE & SELF-DEF5SE BY ! AFFECT$ COMMUNITIES4 ,MIDDLE CLASS CRIMES & ASSAULTS ON ! WORK+ CLASS BY ASSET /RIPP]S & SPECULATORS1 ?\< (T5 9VISIBLE1 >E ALSO 9SIDI\S & MU/ BE OPPOS$ COLLECTIVELY1 :]E POSSIBLE1 9 ?IS LONG D>K NI<T ( CAPITALISM4 ,( C\RSE SU* ACTIVITIES >E R>ELY SE5 BY ! /ATE AS CRIMES AT ALL1 OR IF !Y >E1 !Y C>RY RELATIVELY LI<T PUNI%M5TS4 

,ANTI-SOCIAL ACTS >E A DIRECT EXPRESSION ( PR$ATORY CAPITALISM4 ,SELFI%NESS1 BULLY+1 VIOL5CE & LEGALIZ$ ROBB]Y >E ALL 9H]5T 9 ! SY/EM4 ,! T5TACLES ( CLASS SOCIETY & ITS E?ICS HAVE 5T]$ 9TO EV]Y P>T ( LIFE4 ,IT IS NOT ACCID5TAL ?AT M5 >E RESPONSIBLE = MO/ CRIMES & ?AT WOM5 H>DLY FIGURE 9 CRIME /ATI/ICS4 ,M5 >E SOCIALIZ$ FROM BIR? TO BE AGGRESSIVE1 VIOL5T1 H>D & T\<1 :IL/ WOM5 >E SOCIALIZ$ TO BE SUBMISSIVE & C>+4 ,?IS SORT ( UPBR++ DOES UNTOLD PSY*OLOGICAL VIOL5CE TO BOYS AS !Y >E %AP$ BY !IR P>5TS & SOCIETY TO /RUGGLE & FI<T4 ,ADD TO ?IS A /RICT & REGIM5T+ S*OOL SY/EM1 A FUTURE ( UNEMPLOYM5T OR DEAD-5D JOBS TOGE!R ) BOR$OM & Y\ HAVE A MIXTURE :I* 9VITES TR\BLE4 ,?IS IS NOT TO EXCUSE MA*O BEHAVIOR BUT IS AN ATTEMPT TO PLACE IT 9 P]SPECTIVE4 ,CRIME & CAPITALISM >E 9SEP>ABLE4 

,CRIME @& ,! ,AN>*I/ ,COMMUNI/ ,SOCIETY 

  

,IF CRIME IS A P>T ( CAPITALI/ SOCIETY1 :AT WILL HAPP5 9 AN AN>*I/ COMMUNI/ SOCIETY8 ,AN>*I/ COMMUNISM IS BAS$ UPON ! PR9CIPLES ( A CLASSLESS SOCIETY 9 :I* FRE$OM >ISES \T ( COMMUNITY SOLID>ITY & AN 5LI<T5$ SY/EM ( SOCIALIZATION & $UCATION4 ,PRIVATE PROP]TY WILL BE ABOLI%$ & ! GOAL ( PRODUCTION WILL BE = ! FULFILLM5T ( HUMAN NE$1 NOT ! ACCUMULATION ( PRIVATE WEAL?4 ,GOODS & S]VICES WILL BE PLANN$ BY ! ACTIVE COMMUNITIES WORK+ ) SIMIL> COMMUNITIES ELSE:]E4 ,! 9DIVIDUAL WILL BE 5C\RAG$ TO TAKE P>T 9 DECISION-MAK+4 ,9 ?IS WAY1 GOODS & S]VICES WILL BE PROVID$ TO MEET EV]YONE'S NE$S1 SO F> AS ?IS IS POSSIBLE4 ,ALSO1 MANY S]VICES WILL BE PROVID$ BY ! COMMUNITY JU/ AS PUBLIC LIBR>IES >E TODAY1 SO ?AT 5T]TA9M5T1 TRANSPORT ETC WILL BE ON ! BASIS ( FREE ACCESS4 ,AN>*I/ COMMUNISM REQUIRES ! ABOLITION ( MONEY & EXPLOITATION4 ,) A MONEYLESS SOCIETY !RE WILL BE NO POSSIBILITY TO ACCUMULATE WEAL? BEYOND ?AT :I* A P]SON CAN POSSIBLY HOLD ON TO4 ,S9CE GOODS >E FREE1 !RE WILL BE LITTLE PO9T 9 /EAL+ & !RE=E MO/1 IF NOT ALL1 CRIMES AGA9/ PROP]TY WILL DISAPPE>4 

,9 A C>+ SOCIETY :I* WILL DO AWAY ) ! DESP]ATE /RUGGLE = EV]YDAY SURVIVAL1 MANY ( ! MAT]IAL BASES ( WANT WILL DISAPPE>4 ,! REVOLUTION WILL CONSCI\SLY SEEK TO ELIM9ATE ANTI-SOCIAL BEHAVIOR & SO $UCATION & ! SOCIALIZATION ( *ILDR5 WILL BE DIRECT$ T[>DS TOL]ANCE1 EQUALITY & %>+4 ,VIOL5CE1 :I* IS AN EV]-PRES5T UND]CURR5T ( LIFE TODAY1 WILL BE DISC\RAG$ ?R\< ! DEVELOPM5T ( COOP]ATIVE PLAY & $UCATION4 ,! CURR5T OBSESSION ) AGGRESSIVE 9DIVIDUALISM COMB9$ ) ! GLORIFICATION ( ALL K9DS ( COMPETITIVE ASPIRATION PRODUCES MANY SOCIAL ILLS1 NOT JU/ CRIME4 ,:IL/ 9DIVIDUALISM AS A MEANS ( A*IEV+ P]SONAL FULFILLM5T IS TO BE 5C\RAG$1 IT MU/ BE DONE SO 9 A POSITIVE WAY4 ,GA9 = ! 9DIVIDUAL IS AGA9 = SOCIETY AS A :OLE4 ,! PO9T ( AN>*I/ COMMUNISM IS NOT TO /IFLE 9DIVIDUAL EF=T BUT TO ALL[ IT TO EXPRESS ITSELF 9 CON/RUCTIVE DIRECTIONS4 ,9 PRES5T DAY SOCIETY1 MO/ PEOPLE >E CUT (F FROM !IR NEI<BORS4 ,V]Y FEW REAL COMMUNITIES SURVIVE & ?OSE ?AT DO >E DEEPLY IMBU$ ) ! VALUES ( CAPITALI/ SOCIETY4 ,9 AN AN>*I/ COMMUNI/ SOCIETY1 COMMUNITY & SOLID>ITY WILL B9D SOCIETY TOGE!R4 

,DESPITE $UCATION & O!R MEANS ( SOCIALIZATION !RE WILL BE ISOLAT$ ACTS ( VIOL5CE1 SEXUAL ASSAULTS & O!R ANTI-SOCIAL BEHAVIOR4 ,MANY ( !SE WILL BE C>RI$ \T BY PEOPLE :O >E EMOTIONALLY DI/URB$4 ,! COMMUNITY HAS A RI<T TO PROTECT ITSELF & /EPS WILL HAVE TO BE TAK5 TO ELIM9ATE VIOL5T & O!R DE/RUCTIVE BEHAVIOR4 ,SU* PEOPLE %\LD BE C>$ = AS F> AS POSSIBLE )9 ! COMMUNITY4 ,?IS APPROA* HAS NO?+ COMMON ) ! CURR5T DUMP+ ( ! M5TALLY DI/URB$ ONTO ! /REETS4 ,9 'FACE TO FACE' COMMUNITIES EV]YONE WILL RECOGNIZE !IR NEI<BORS & TAKE ON A COLLECTIVE & 9DIVIDUAL RESPONSIBILITY = SOCIAL C>E & CONTROL4 ,PSY*IATRIC & M$ICAL HELP WILL BE AIM$ AT ! 9TEGRATION ( DI/URB$ 9DIVIDUALS & ! PROMOTION ( !IR WELF>E4 ,!RE >E NO EASY SOLUTIONS TO SOME DI/URB$ & OBSESSIVE BEHAVIOR SU* AS SEXUAL ASSAULTS1 >SON ETC4 ,BUT ! APPROA* TO SU* PROBLEMS WILL BE 5LI<T5$1 !RAPEUTIC & SOCIALLY-BAS$1 NOT PUNITIVE4 

,PUNI%M5T 

  

,?IS LEADS US TO A DISCUSSION ( PUNI%M5T4 ,PUNI%M5T1 ! 9FLICTION ( VIOL5CE = SO-CALL$ CRIMES1 HAS BE5 A FEATURE ( VIRTUALLY EV]Y SOCIETY FROM ! E>LIE/ RECORD$ HI/ORY4 ,! ,OLD ,TE/AM5T APPROA* TO PUNI%M5T 9 :I* NOT ONLY ! GUILTY >E H>M$ BUT ALSO !IR RELATIVES & DESC5DANTS IS BE F\ND 9 MANY SOCIETIES4 ,ASPECTS ( ?IS APPROA* HAVE COME D[N TO US TODAY 9 ,ISLAMIC LAW & 9 ! LA/ ,TORY GOV]NM5T'S 9ITIATIVE 9 BLAM+ & PUNI%+ P>5TS = !IR *ILDR5'S CRIMES4 

,!RE >E SEV]AL JU/IFICATIONS GIV5 = PUNI%M5T1 ALL ( :I* >E S]I\SLY FLAW$4 ,REV5GE IS ! MO/ PRIMITIVE2 BE+ BAS$ ON ! DESIRE TO 'GET EV5' ) ! CRIM9AL4 ,! 'RETRIBUTIVE' APPROA* />TS FROM ! ASSUMPTION ?AT 9DIVIDUAL CRIMES DES]VE PUNI%M5T2 MURD]]S DES]VE TO BE EXECUT$1 RAPI/S DES]VE CA/RATION4 ,AP>T FROM ! PROBLEM ( GAUG+ :AT IS AN APPROPRIATE PUNI%M5T = EA* & EV]Y CRIME 9 A :OLE RANGE ( CIRCUM/ANCES1 ?IS APPROA* ASSUMES ?AT ONE ACT ( 9FLICT+ PA9 7ROBB]Y1 ASSAULT ETC7 IS TO BE CONDEMN$ :ILE ANO!R1 ?AT ( PUNI%M5T 7:I* MI<T BE EQUALLY BRUTAL E4G4 /ON+ ( ADULT]]S7 IS F9E4 ,IT ALSO ACCEPTS ?AT A HI<] AU?ORITY1 I4E4 ! /ATE1 ALONE HAS ! RI<T TO 9FLICT PUNI%M5T4 

,L9K$ TO ! V5GEANCE JU/IFICATION = PUNI%M5T IS ! IDEA ( DET]R5CE4 ,9DE$ ! TWO >E USUALLY CIT$ TOGE!R 9 DET]M9+ A 'SUITABLE' PUNI%M5T 9 ! C\RTS4 ,! IDEA ?AT CRIM9AL BEHAVIOR WILL BE R$UC$ BY ! ?REAT ( PUNI%M5T ON BE+ CAU<T DOES NOT /& UP4 ,FIR/LY1 MANY S]I\S CRIMES TAKE PLACE ON ! SPUR ( ! MOM5T :5 PEOPLE LOSE SELF-CONTROL ?R\< ANG]1 JEAL\SY OR DRUGS4 ,!RE IS NO ?\<T ( ! CONSEQU5CES ( SU* ACTS4 ,SECONDLY1 PREM$ITAT$ CRIM9AL ACTS >E NOT DET]R$ BY ! ?\<T ( AN EV5TUAL PUNI%M5T4 ,:AT CONC]NS CRIM9ALS IS ! LIKELIHOOD ( GETT+ CAU<T4 ,IF BE+ >RE/$ SEEMS LIKELY1 ! CRIME DOESN'T GET COMMITT$ ,A FEW HUNDR$ YE>S AGO PICK-POCKETS W]E EXECUT$ AT PUBLIC HANG+S4 ,ACTIVE AMONG ! 5?RALL$ CR[DS W]E PR(ESSIONAL PICK-POCKETS6 ,SO MU* = DET]R5CE4 

,! IDEA ?AT SOCIETY WILL BE BETT] (F BY C>RY+ \T PUNI%M5TS MISSES ! PO9T4 ,AN UNEQUAL1 UNFAIR SOCIETY CREATES ITS [N CRIM9ALITY4 ,:AT NE$S TO BE ELIM9AT$ IS ! SOCIAL & ECONOMIC BASE = CRIME4 ,SIMIL>LY ! IDEA ( RE=M+ CRIM9ALS )9 ! PRISON SY/EM IS A SICK JOKE4 ,!RE IS PRECI\S LITTLE 5LI<T5M5T 9 ,BRITA9'S REPRESSIVE PRISON REGIME4 ,9 MOD]N ,BRITA91 IT IS NOT ! CRIM9ALS ?AT NE$ TO BE 'RE=M$' BUT SOCIETY ITSELF :I* NE$S TO BE *ANG$1 LOCK1 /OCK & B>REL4 

,C,R,I,M,E ,& ,P,U,N,I,%,M,5,T #b 

  

,! ,D,E,S,I,R,E ,T,O ,P,U,N,I,% - TO 9FLICT PA9 ON P]CEIV$ WRONG-DO]S - HAS A LONG & +LORI\S HI/ORY4 ,IT IS AN ESS5TIAL FACT ( PUNI%M5T ?AT IT IS IMPOS$ BY PEOPLE 9 P[] UPON ?OSE :O >E RELATIVELY P[]LESS1 & = A SPECIFIC PURPOSE3 TO PRES]VE A CU/OM>Y WAY ( LIFE1 A SOCIETY1 A POLITICAL SY/EM FROM ATTACK OR DE/RUCTION AT ! H&S ( ! DISOB$I5T4 ,RELIGIONS1 :I* HAVE SO (T5 BE5 ! H&-MAID5S ( AU?ORIT>IAN RULE1 >E FULL ( ACC\NTS ( ! MO/ HORR5D\S PUNI%M5TS DELIV]$ BY ,GOD & HIS FOLL[]S TO ?OSE :O D5Y HIS AU?ORITY OR COMM&M5TS4 ,AN ET]NITY ( HELLI% PA9 AWAITS ALL :O TRANSGRESS 9 EV5 M9OR WAYS1 IF !Y DO NOT !N SUBMIT TO HIS AU?ORITY BE=E !Y DIE4 ,! SECUL> >M ( ! ,/ATE -ITS POLICE & >MY1 MAGI/RATES1 TEA*]S & BOSSES - ALSO RES]VES ITS GREATE/ PUNI%M5TS = ?OSE :O DEFY ITS P[]4 ,IT IS ALSO TRUE ?AT PUNI%M5T IS 9EFFECTIVE 9 A*IEV+ ITS 7/AT$7 AIMS4 

,AN>*I/ COMMUNI/S S]I\SLY OBJECT TO ! IDEA ( PUNI%M5T1 ON A NUMB] ( GR\NDS3 MORAL1 IDEOLOGICAL & PRACTICAL4 ,KROPOTK91 = EXAMPLE1 9 HIS PAMPHLET ,PRISONS ,& ,!IR ,MORAL ,9FLU5CE ,ON ,PRISON]S DEMOLI%ES ALL ( ! >GUM5TS US$ BY ! ,/ATE TO DEF5D HUMAN 9C>C]ATION4 ,9 :AT SEEMS A REM>KABLY UP TO DATE OBS]VATION1 HE WROTE 9 #ahgg ?AT 0,ONCE A MAN 7SIC7 HAS BE5 9 PRISON1 HE WILL RETURN4 ,IT IS 9EVITABLE1 & /ATI/ICS PROVE IT4 ,! ANNUAL REPORTS ( ! ADM9I/RATION ( CRIM9AL JU/ICE 9 ,FRANCE %[ ?AT ONE-HALF ( ALL ?OSE :O YE>LY GET 9TO ! POLICE C\RTS = M9OR (F5SES RECEIV$ !IR $UCATION 9 PRISONS44444 ,AS = C5TRAL PRISONS1 MORE ?AN ONE-?IRD ( ! PRISON]S RELEAS$ FROM ! SUPPOS$LY CORRECTIONAL 9/ITUTIONS >E RE-IMPRISON$ 9 ! C\RSE ( ! TWELVE MON?S AFT] !IR LIB]ATION0 7FROM ,KROPOTK9'S ,REVOLUTION>Y ,PAMPHLETS1 ,DOV] ,BOOKS74 ,! PICTURE 9 !SE ISL&S IS H>DLY DIFF]5T TODAY1 9DICAT+ A PA?OLOGICAL LACK ( IMAG9ATION ON ! P>T ( ! ,/ATE4 ,9 ,BRITA91 >\ND ONE P]SON 9 A ?\S& 7& 9 ! ,U,S,A1 IT IS ONE 9 EV]Y HUNDR$7 IS CURR5TLY 9 PRISON - & CRIME IS SAID TO BE CONT9UALLY ON ! RISE6 ,SO MU* = PUNI%M5T'S EFFECTIV5ESS 9 COMBAT+ CRIME4 

,JU/IFICATIONS 

  

,!RE >E A NUMB] ( >GUM5TS SUPPOS$ TO SUPPORT ! IDEA ( PUNI%M5T4 ,!SE 9CLUDE ! IDEA ! IDEA ?AT A GIV5 ACTION DES]VES A C]TA9 REW>D OR PUNI%M5T - ! 'GOOD' *ILD GETS A REW>D1 ! 'BAD' *ILD IS PUNI%$4 ,:]E GOOD & BAD ACTIONS >E >BITR>ILY DEF9$1 :]E !Y >E NOT AGRE$ TO BY ALL BUT SIMPLY IMPOS$ DEF9ITIONS1 & :]E SUPPOS$LY BAD ACTIONS 9CLUDE A RANGE ( ?+S ?AT >E GOOD = ! HUMAN BE+ 7= 9/ANCE TO EXPRESS Y\RSELF RA!R ?AN SIT QUIETLY OR TO /EAL FOOD :5 Y\ >E HUNGRY71 ! RULES ( SOCIETY WILL ALWAYS BE BROK54 ,! SETT+ D[N ( PUNI%M5TS 9 SOME K9D ( CODE & !IR SUPPOS$LY OBJECTIVE APPLICATION ALWAYS REFLECTS ! >BITR>Y VALUES1 ATTITUDES & PREJUDICES ( ?OSE WRIT+ ! LAWS & 5=C+ !M - ! RUL+ CLASS 9 O!R WORDS4 ,S9CE MO/ LAWS >E DESIGN$ TO PROTECT PRIVATE PROP]TY & 5=CE SOCIAL 9EQUALITY1 IT IS NOT SURPRIS+ ?AT MO/ PUNI%M5T IS MET$ \T AGA9/ ?OSE :O /EAL & UPON ?OSE ) LEA/ - ! WORK+ CLASS4 

,ANO!R /&>D >GUM5T = PUNI%M5T IS ?AT IT DET]S PEOPLE FROM COMMITT+ CRIME OR O!R 'ANTI-SOCIAL' ACTS1 AGA9 DEF9$ 9 T]MS :I* SUPPORT ! /ATUS QUO4 ,! PROBLEM ONCE MORE IS ?AT IT JU/ DOES NOT WORK4 ,AS ,KROPOTK9 PO9T$ \T1 ! PRISONS W]E FULL ( P]SI/5T (F5D]S1 DESPITE FREQU5T PUNI%M5T4 ,HANG+1 = A RANGE ( (F5SES FROM MURD] TO ! !FT ( AN ANIMAL OR EV5 A S+LE H&K]*IEF1 DID NOT 5D #a#h? ,C5TURY CRIME4 ,9DE$ IT WAS (T5 REM>K$ ?AT1 :ILE ! PEOPLE /OOD 5?RALL$ AT ! PUBLIC HANG+ ( A PETTY ?IEF1 HIS OR H] BRO!RS 9 CRIME W]E WORK+ ! CR[D & RELIEV+ ! ADMIR+ PUBLIC ( !IR VALUABLES6 ,SO MU* = ! ULTIMATE DET]R5T6 

,PRIMITIVE ,JU/ICE 

  

,MANY PEOPLE HAVE A PRETTY PRIMITIVE NE$ TO EXTRACT REV5GE = A WRONG COMMITT$ AGA9/ !M4 ,BLOOD FEUDS >E AN EXAMPLE ( ?IS1 :]E ONE WRONGDO+ HAS TO BE MAT*$ BY ANO!R FROM G5]ATION TO G5]ATION1 TO ! ABSURD PO9T ?AT ! KILL+ GO ON EV5 :5 ! ORIG9AL CAUSE ( ! V5DETTA HAS BE5 =GOTT5 AB\T4 ,AS A RATIONAL RESPONSE TO WRONGDO+1 ESPECIALLY ON ! SCALE COMMITT$ BY ! ,/ATE1 V5GEANCE :I* IS MOTIVAT$ BY IRRATIONAL FEEL+S MU/ RATE AS A :OLLY 9APPROPRIATE RESPONSE4 

,A FUR!R APPROA* 7& OH6 H[ 9V5TIVE SOCIETY'S 9TELLECTUALS HAVE BE5 9 TRY+ TO DEF5D ! 9DEF5SIBLE7 9CLUDES ! IDEA ?AT WRONGDO]S %\LD BE HELP$ OR RE=M$1 ?\<T !RE IS ALWAYS A SURPRIS+ AM\NT ( PA9 9CLUD$ 9 ANY 'REHABILITATIVE' PROCESS6 ,UN=TUNATELY ! ,/ATE HAS NO REAL 9T]E/ 9 EXPLOR+ ! SOCIAL CAUSES ( CRIME :I* MI<T PREV5T IT 9 ! FIR/ PLACE1 & 9 CUR+ ! CRIM9AL ONLY :5 SOCIETY AT L>GE TURNS AGA9/ EXCESSIVE PUNI%M5T4 ,! ,/ATE MAY LIP-S]VICE TO ! IDEA ( REHABILITATION BUT = EV]Y ,JOHN ,MC,VIC> OR ,JIMMY ,BOYLE1 FAM\S CRIM9ALS :O HAVE BO? 'RE=M$'1 !RE >E HUNDR$S ( ?\S&S :O GAVE NOT4 ,PUNI%M5T REMA9S TO KEEP ! LID ON SOCIAL UNRE/ BUT PAT5TLY FAILS TO DO SO4 

,SO :AT IS ! AN>*I/ COMMUNI/ VIEW ON PUNI%M5T8 ,FIR/LY1 IT %\LD BE REALIZ$ ?AT WE REJECT ALL ! USUAL JU/IFICATIONS & ME?ODS ( PUNI%M5T BO? TODAY & 9 ANY FUTURE AN>*I/ COMMUNI/ SOCIETY4 ,CAPITALISM DAMAGES PEOPLE 9 C\NTLESS WAYS1 SO IT IS NOT SURPRIS+ ?IS EXPRESSES ITSELF 9 ANTI-SOCIAL ACTS & BEHAVIOR4 ,CAPITALISM CREATES ! CONDITIONS )9 :I* 'CRIMES' >E COMMITT$ - CRIMES BO? ( VIOL5CE & AGA9/ PROP]TY 9 ! =M ( POV]TY1 UNA*IEVABLE DESIRES1 ! FLAUNT+ ( WEAL? & SOCIAL /ATUS & SO ON1 DIVID+1 DEPRIV+ & HUMILIAT+ MILLIONS ( PEOPLE4 ,AN>*I/ COMMUNISM1 9 CONTRA/1 IS BAS$ ON A P]FECT EQUALITY ( GOODS & *OICES1 9VOLV+ PEOPLE 9 ! CREATION & MANAGEM5T ( SOCIETY ?AT MAKES LIFE WOR?:ILE1 SECURE & FREE4 

,9 CAPITALI/ SOCIETY !RE >E HUGE DIFF]5CES 9 WEAL? & P[]1 SO IT IS V]Y LIKELY ?AT ITS VICTIMS TURN TO VIOL5CE & ROBB]Y 9 WAYS ?AT >E SIMIL> TO ! WORK+S ( CAPITALISM ITSELF4 ,A SOCIETY BAS$ ON SOCIAL JU/ICE1 EQUALITY1 FRE$OM & ! ABOLITION ( MONEY4 ,GIV5 !SE CIRCUM/ANCES1 MANY ( ! PRECONDITIONS :I* GIVE RISE TO CRIME & PUNI%M5T WILL DISAPPE>4 ,SIMIL>LY1 ! ABOLITION ( ! CONCEPT ( ! VICTIMLESS CRIME WILL REMOVE A :OLE CATEGORY ( ACTS FROM ! REALM ( WID] SOCIAL 9VOLVEM5T4 

,! CLASSICAL AN>*I/ APPROA* TO ! PROBLEM ( ANTI-SOCIAL BEHAVIOR IS !RAPEUTIC2 TO P]SUADE ! 9DIVIDUAL TO REMOVE !MSELVES FROM ! SOCIETY !Y >E H>M+ & TO PUT !MSELVES \T ( H>M'S WAY4 ,9 EXTREME CASES1 :]E (F]$ HELP WAS REJECT$1 COMMUNITIES C\LD CLAIM ! RI<T NOT TO HAVE TO 5DURE ! BEHAVIOR ANY MORE1 IMPOS+ A K9D ( EXILE1 %UNN+ OR TURN+ AWAY UPON ! 9DIVIDUAL OR GR\P4 ,IF H>M WAS ?REAT5$ OR 9FLICT$1 ! RI<T TO SELF-DEF5SE :I* ALL HUMANS W\LD RETA9 W\LD NOT BE UNKN[N4 ,& SURELY1 BO? 9DIVIDUALS1 GR\PS & SOCIETIES HAVE ! RI<T TO PROTECT !MSELVES =M 9T]NAL & EXT]NAL ?REATS4 ,C>E W\LD NE$ TO BE TAK5 ?AT SU* A !RAPEUTIC APPROA* WAS NOT US$ AS A PUNI%M5T1 TO CONTROL DISSID5TS OR /IGMATIZE ?OSE DIFF]5T TO ! MAJORITY 9 SOME WAY4 ,?IS W\LD REQUIRE A COMPLETELY OP5 SOCIETY UNLIKE TODAY1 :5 ! PUNI%M5T1 CONTROL & 9C>C]ATION ( ! 'MAD' 9 SECURE HOSPITALS GOES ON L>GELY 9 SECRET4 ,IT W\LD BE FOOLI% TO >GUE ?AT AN>*I/ COMMUNI/ SOCIETY W\LD IMPLICITLY MEAN ! ABOLITION ( ANTI-SOCIAL BEHAVIOR - BUT :AT CON/ITUTES ANTI-SOCIAL BEHAVIOR W\LD HAVE AN EXTREMELY N>R[ DEF9ITION UNLIKE TODAY1 :5 IT IS EXTREMELY BROADLY DEF9$4 

,!RE >E NO SIMPLE SOLUTIONS TO ! PROBLEMS CAUS$ BY S]IAL RAPI/S & KILL]S1 = 9/ANCE1 TWO EXTREME =MS ( ANTI-SOCIAL BEHAVIOR ?AT NO 9DIVIDUAL OR SOCIETY C\LD BE EXPECT$ TO TOL]ATE4 ,\R RESPONSE %\LD BE GOV]N$ BY TWO PR9CIPLES :I* (T5 EXI/ 9 T5SION ) EA* O!R BUT :I* >E NOT 9COMPATIBLE3 FIR/LY ! JU/IFICATION ( 9DIVIDUAL & COMMUNAL SELF-DEF5SE & PROTECTION1 & SECONDLY1 ! FRE$OM ( ! 9DIVIDUAL4 ,A C>+ APPROA*1 APPLI$ 9 A HUMANIT>IAN & NON-H>MFUL WAY MU/ 9 ! 5D BE ! BASIS ( AN AN>*I/ COMMUNI/ ALT]NATIVE TO PUNI%M5T4 

,G,R,E,5 ,P,O,L,I,T,I,C,S 

  

,I,T ,C,A,N ,B,E >GU$ ?AT ! LOGICAL CONSEQU5CE ( LIB]T>IAN COMMUNI/ ?\<T HAS ALWAYS BE5 ! CREATION ( A 'GRE5' SOCIETY S9CE IT HAS ALWAYS POSIT$ ! NE$ = ! DE/RUCTION ( CAPITALISM1 ! SY/EM :I*1 AS WE KN[1 MU/ EXP& OR DIE & :I* HAS GIV5 BIR? TO ! IDEOLOGIES ( PRODUCTIVISM & CONSUM]ISM4 

,AN>*I/ & LIB]T>IAN COMMUNI/ ?9K]S 9 ! E>LY DAYS ( ! REVOLUTION>Y WORK+ CLASS MOVEM5T1 9 !IR CRITICISM ( ! 'MOD]N' 9DU/RIAL SY/EM & ITS T5D5CY TO TRANS=M ! WORK] 9TO A P>T ( ! MA*9]Y1 CAN BE SE5 AS PROTO-GRE5S4 ,BUT IT W\LD1 H[EV]1 BE /RET*+ ?+S TO SAY ?AT ! E>LY AN>*I/ MOVEM5T WAS ANY?+ LIKE A CONSCI\SLY 'GRE5' MOVEM5T1 DESPITE ! CRITICAL CONTRIBUTION ( PEOPLE LIKE ,ELISEE ,RECLUS1 ,WILLIAM ,MORRIS1 ,$W>D ,C>P5T] & ,PET] ,KROPOTK94 ,:IL/ ALL ( ! ABOVE WRIT]S PRODUC$ WORK ?AT CONTA9$1 'GRE5' IMPLICATIONS OR AT LEA/ S5TIM5T1 NONE CAN BE S]I\SLY CONSID]$ AS SY/EMATICALLY 'GRE5' ?9K]S4 ,:AT CAN BE >GU$ IS ?AT ! COMMUNI/ VISION ( PEOPLE LIKE ,MORRIS & ,KROPOTK91 ?AT ( A DE-C5TRALIZ$ SOCIETY ( 9TEGRAT$ LABOR 9 HUMANIZ$ 5VIRONM5TS1 /&S 9 />K CONTRA/ TO MANY 'SOCIALI/S' 7BEG9N+ ) SOME ( ! 'UTOPIAN' SOCIALI/S BUT GIV5 A 'SCI5TIFIC' BASIS BY ,M>X7 :O CONSID]$ ,! ,FACTORY AS A MODEL = ! NEW SOCIETY4 

,SOCIALISM ,& ,PROGRESS 

  

,SU* ?9K+ F\ND ITS REALIZATION 9 ! RAPID 9DU/RIALIZATION UND] /ATE CAPITALISM 9 ! ,SOVIET ,UNION1 :I* AL?\< B\ND TO DO SO BY ITS NE$ TO COMPETE 9 WORLD M>KETS1 F\ND A P]FECT IDEOLOGICAL SUPPORT 9 ! 7G5]ALLY UN*ALL5G$7 BELIEF AMONG SOCIALI/S ?AT ! 9DU/RIALIZATION ( ! WORLD WAS AN 'HI/ORICAL NECESSITY'4 ,IT IS NO CO9CID5CE ?AT SOME ( ! MO/ HORR5D\S 5VIRONM5TAL DE/RUCTION HAS BE5 C>RI$ \T UND] ! BANN] ( SOCIALISM6 ,UN=TUNATELY1 AN>*I/S HAVE NOT BE5 EXEMPT FROM HOLD+ AN UNCRITICAL ATTITUDE T[>DS 9DU/RIAL 'CIVILIZATION'4 ,:IL/ IT W\LD BE UNUSUAL TO F9D ANY \TRI<T GLORIFICATION ( ! MOD]N FACTORY AMONG AN>*I/S1 UND\BT$LY FROM READ+ AN>*O-SYNDICALI/ LIT]ATURE FROM ! 5D ( ! LA/ C5TURY1 RI<T UP UNTIL QUITE REC5TLY1 ! IMPRESSION IS GIV5 ?AT TE*NOLOGY IS NOT UP = CRITICISM &1 DI/URB+LY1 ?AT LITTLE LIFE TAKES PLACE \TSIDE ( ! FACTORY4 ,AN>*I/ COMMUNI/S HAV5'T BE5 MU* BETT] 9 ?IS RESPECT4 ,:Y IS ?AT8 ,OBVI\SLY1 AN>*I/S & LIB]T>IAN COMMUNI/S >E PRODUCTS ( !IR TIMES & ! LEVEL ( 5VIRONM5TAL DE/RUCTION AT ! TIME ( ! FIR/ MASS AN>*I/ MOVEM5TS WAS BY NO MEANS AS APP>5T AS IT HAS BE5 9 ! P]IOD S9CE ,WORLD ,W> ,TWO4 ,:IL/ REVOLUTION>IES >GU$ ?AT CAPITALISM WAS DE/ROY+ ! WORK] & PEASANT1 BODY & S\L1 IT WAS NOT SO OBVI\S ?AT CAPITAL WAS 9 ! PROCESS ( DE/ROY+ ! E>? ON :I* BO? WORK] & PEASANT /OOD4 ,NEI!R WAS IT POSSIBLE TO =ESEE ?AT CAPITAL W\LD DEVELOP ! CAPACITY TO ANNIHILATE ALL LIFE ON ! PLANET 9 ! SPACE ( A FEW WEEKS OR LESS ) ! AID ( NUCLE> FISSION4 ,! CONSCI\SLY 'GRE5' MOVEM5TS :I* P>ALLEL$ ! GREAT WORK]S MOVEM5TS W]E G5]ALLY MY/ICAL1 (T5 REACTION>Y 'MIDDLE-CLASS' MOVEM5TS1 SOMETIMES /RONGLY ,MAL?USIAN & RACI/ & R>ELY ID5TIFI$ ) ! EXI/+ 'PROGRESSIVE' SOCIAL MOVEM5TS4 

,! ,GRE5 ',REVOLUTION' 

  

,YET TODAY MU* ( ! GRE5 MOVEM5T CLAIMS TO HOLD MU* 9 COMMON ) 'AN>*ISM'4 ,EV5 SOME ( ! MO/ RE=MI/ ELEM5TS 9 ! GRE5 MOVEM5T1 FROM TIME TO TIME1 FEEL OBLIG$ TO MAKE NOISES AB\T NON-HI]>*ICAL ORGANIZATION1 DEVOLV$ DECISION-MAK+ & O!R ?+S HI/ORICALLY ID5TIFI$ ) AN>*I/ POLITICS4 ,AMONG L>GE NUMB]S ( ! DIRECT-ACTION ORI5TAT$ GRE5 ACTIVI/S1 'AN>*I/' S5TIM5T IS /RONG1 ?\< (T5 V]Y UNFOCUS$1 & !RE IS CONTEMPT = TRADITIONAL =MS ( POLITICS4 ,!RE IS ALSO ALI5ATION FROM ! TRADITIONAL FOCUS ( AN>*ISM1 ! CLASS /RUGGLE4 ,(T5 ! WORK+ CLASS >E ID5TIFI$ ) ! 'CULTURE ( 9DU/RY' &1 UND]/&ABLY1 ! NOTION ( CLASS SOLID>ITY IS EASILY LO/ ON1 = EXAMPLE1 ROAD PROTE/]S 7(T5 UNEMPLOY$7 :OSE REGUL> CONTACT ) !IR CLASS BRO!RS & SI/]S IS 9 ! =M ( ,G,B,P#b4#e AN H\R R5T-A-COP SECURITY GU>DS6 

,SOCIAL ,ECOLOGY 

  

,! AN>*I/ MOVEM5T ITSELF HAS BE5 =C$ TO TAKE ON BO>D EXPLICITLY GRE5 POLITICS1 HAS HAD TO CONFRONT ! ISSUE ( PROGRESS & HAS HAD TO S]I\SLY DISCUSS ! NATURE ( TE*NOLOGY4 ,P]HAPS ! FIR/ LIB]T>IAN COMMUNI/ WRIT] TO COMPREH5SIVELY ADDRESS ! QUE/ION ( ! ECOLOGICAL CRISIS & ITS SOLUTION HAS BE5 ,MURRAY ,BOOK*94 ,9DE$1 ,BOOK*9 CAN BE C\NT$ AMONG ! FIR/ !ORI/S ( ! MOD]N ECOLOGY MOVEM5T ITSELF1 ) BOOKS LIKE ',\R ,SYN!TIC ,5VIRONM5T' 7#a#i#f#b7 & ',CRISIS 9 \R ,CITIES' 7#a#i#f#e7 SETT+ ! AG5DA = :AT W\LD LAT] BE KN[N AS ,SOCIAL ,ECOLOGY4 ,:IL/ US+ ! AN>*I/ CRITIQUE ( HI]>*ICAL P[] & ! RELATION%IP BETWE5 MEANS & 5DS AS A />T+ PO9T4 

,BOOK*9 HAS DEVELOP$ A POLITICAL P]SPECTIVE ?AT HAS HAD A CONSID]ABLE IMPACT UPON1 P>TICUL>LY1 ! ,NOR? ,AM]ICAN GRE5 MOVEM5T4 ,HIS POPUL>ITY AMONG ,U,S & ,CANADIAN GRE5S HAS BE5 BOL/]$ BY HIS >GUM5T ?AT ! 'TRADITIONAL' FOCUS ( REVOLUTION>Y ATT5TION 7:E!R ,M>XI/1 ,AN>*O-SYNDICALI/ OR ,AN>*I/ ,COMMUNI/71 ! /RUGGLE ( ! WORK+ CLASS1 IS NO LONG] C5TRAL TO ! REVOLUTION>Y PROJECT4 ,HIS BELIEF ?AT ! KEY TO SOCIAL REVOLUTION LAY 9 ! DEVELOPM5T ( OPPOSITIONAL LIFE/YLES & ! 'NEW' SOCIAL MOVEM5TS 7FEM9I/1 ANTI-NUCLE>1 ANTI-RACI/ ETC47 HAS REC5TLY BE5 REVIS$ TO SOME EXT5T4 ,SOCIAL ,ECOLOGICAL ?\<T1 :I* SEES ! POT5TIAL = A LIB]ATORY TE*NOLOGY 7LIB]AT$ FROM ITS PRES5T [N]S7 9 A FUTURE ECOLOGICAL LIB]T>IAN SOCIETY HAS COME 9TO CONFLICT ) ANO!R GRE5 CURR5T CLAIM+ TO BE AN>*I/1 ! AN>*O-PRIMITIVI/S4 ,! AN>*O-PRIMITIVI/ POSITION BASICALLY HOLDS ?AT AN NON-HI]>*ICAL SOCIETY IS IMPOSSIBLE :IL/ ANY =M ( 9DU/RIAL CIVILIZATION REMA9S & ?AT1 !RE=E1 TALK ( A LIB]ATORY TE*NOLOGY IS NONS5SE4 ,:IL/ MANY WRIT+S FROM ! AN>*O-PRIMITIVI/ 'MOVEM5T' 7IT IS A F> FROM HOMOG5\S 5TITY7 >E AN EXCELL5T C\NT]-BALANCE TO TE*NOPHILE >GUM5TS COM+ FROM V>I\S S\RCES 79CLUD+ 'REVOLUTION>Y'7 !IR OV]ALL P]SPECTIVE LACKS ANY REVOLUTION>Y DYNAMIC & (T5 BETRAYS A CONFUS$ MISAN?ROPIC IDEALI/ FANATICISM AT ODDS ) AU!NTIC AN>*ISM4 

,T[>DS A ,GRE5 ,LIB]T>IAN ,COMMUNISM 

  

,ANY W\LD-BE REVOLUTION>Y MOVEM5T TODAY CANNOT IGNORE ! NECESSITY ( DEVELOP+ A 'GRE5' P]SPECTIVE4 ,BUT ?IS DOES NOT MEAN SIMPLY TAGG+ ON A FEW ECO-FRI5DLY IDEAS TO AN O!RWISE CONCRETE GRAY POLITICS4 ,IT 5TAILS AN ACTIVE 5GAGEM5T ) SPECIFICALLY ANTI-CAPITALI/ =CES )9 ! GRE5 MOVEM5T4 ,IT MEANS PRES5T+ A CLASS /RUGGLE AN>*I/ ANALYSIS ( ! PRES5T /RUGGLES AGA9/ 5VIRONM5TAL DE/RUCTION TO ?OSE 9VOLV$1 TO ?OSE EFFECT$4 ,! /RUGGLES AGA9/ ! ROADS1 = JU/ ONE EXAMPLE1 >E IMPLICITLY CLASS /RUGGLES AS !Y *ALL5GE NOT M]ELY PRES5T GOV]NM5T POLICY BUT CAPITALI/ LOGIC ITSELF1 ! LOGIC 7& NECESSITY67 = EXPANSION4 ,LIKEWISE1 :5 ! GRE5S TALK AB\T 'Z]O GR[?' AN>*I/ & LIB]T>IAN COMMUNI/S MU/ PO9T \T ! EXPLICITLY COMMUNI/ NATURE ( ?IS IDEA4 ,EQUALLY1 ! LATT] MU/ ATTEMPT TO UND]/& ! IMPLICATIONS ( !IR POLITICS = ! 5VIRONM5T 79 ! BROADE/ S5SE74 ,ALREADY A DYNAMIC IS APPE>+ AS ! LIMITATIONS ( TRADITIONAL POLITICS >E BECOM+ 9CREAS+LY EXPOS$ AS ! WORLD & ITS 9HABITANTS FACE ! *OICE ( A NEW SOCIETY OR SL[ ANNIHILATION4 ,IF ! HI/ORICAL *OICE HAS BE5 BETWE5 SOCIALISM OR B>B>ISM IT IS N[ BETWE5 GRE5 LIB]T>IAN COMMUNISM & A B>B>IC DEA? 9 CL\DS ( TOXIC FUMES4 

,F,$,],A,L,I,S,M 

  

,O,N,E ,P,>,T ,( ,! ,A,N,>,*,I,/ ,M,O,V,E,M,5,T IS COLLECTIVI/ 9 ! S5SE ?AT !Y BELIEVE ?AT A FUTURE AN>*I/ SOCIETY WILL BE BAS$ ON A S]IES ( COMMUNITIES ( ONE SORT OR ANO!R4 ,AN>*I/ COMMUNI/S 9 P>TICUL> 5VISAGE 9DIVIDUAL FRE$OM & SECURITY1 = 9/ANCE1 AS D]IV+ FROM SOCIAL LIFE1 :]E WE LIVE & WORK 9 SOLID>ITY ) ONE ANO!R4 ,\R GOAL1 !RE=E1 IS NOT A WORLD ( 9DIVIDUALS CONC]N$ ONLY ) !IR [N WELL-BE+ REG>DLESS ( O!RS1 BUT ONE 9 :I* P]SONAL FRE$OM DEVELOPS & IS EXPRESS$ TO ! B5EFIT ( ALL4 ,FRE$OM COMES FROM1 & DOES NOT /& 9 OPPOSITION TO1 COMMUNITY4 

,COLLECTIVI/ AN>*I/S >E1 UN=TUNATELY1 LUMP$ ALONGSIDE ALL O!R AN>*I/S :O !MSELVES >E PORTRAY$ BY ! M$IA AS ISOLAT$ 9DIVIDUALS B5T ON T]ROR4 ,! REALITY IS ?AT1 ?R\<\T HI/ORY & MO/LY EV5 TODAY1 AN>*I/S WORK 9 GR\PS & SOME1 LIKE ! ,AN>*I/ ,F$]ATION1 SEEK TO BUILD L>GE-SCALE NATIONAL & 9T]NATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS4 ,WE SEEK TO BUILD A MASS AN>*I/ MOVEM5T4 ,! PROBLEM ?AT PRES5TS ITSELF1 ONCE WE REJECT 9DIVIDUALISM1 IS H[ TO ORGANIZE ! MOVEM5T &1 HOPEFULLY1 A FUTURE SOCIETY 9 WAYS ?AT MAXIMIZE ! B5EFIT ( SOLID>ITY :ILE PRES]V+ & EXT5D+ 9DIVIDUAL & COLLECTIVE FRE$OM4 ,H[ DO WE1 9 \R REVOLUTION>Y /RUGGLE & ! EV5TUAL TRANS=MATION ( SOCIETY1 AVOID ! PITFALLS ( BUREAUCRACY1 ELITES & P[]8 

,TO QUOTE ONE ,ITALIAN AN>*I/1 ,]RICO ,MALATE/A1 0,AN AN>*I/ ORGANIZATION MU/4444 ALL[ = COMPLETE AUTONOMY & 9DEP5D5CE & !RE=E FULL RESPONSIBILITY TO 9DIVIDUALS & GR\PS2 FREE AGREEM5T BETWE5 ?OSE :O ?9K IT IS USEFUL TO COME TOGE!R = COOP]ATIVE ACTION1 = COMMON AIMS2 A MORAL DUTY TO FULFILL ONE'S PL$GES & TO TAKE NO ACTION :I* IS CONTR>Y TO ! ACCEPT$ PROGRAM04 7,IL ,RISVEGLIO1 ,OCTOB] #ae #a#i#b#g74 ,9 O!R WORDS1 = AN AN>*I/ ORGANIZATION TO OP]ATE EFFECTIVELY ON A PR9CIPL$ BASIS1 ITS MEMB]S MU/ COMB9E FRE$OM ) RESPONSIBILITY1 FULL P>TICIPATION 9 ! DECISION-MAK+ PROCESSES ) A COMMITM5T TO C>RY \T COLLECTIVE DECISIONS ,NO AN>*I/ ORGANIZATION CAN BE EFFECTIVE IF ITS MEMB]S ACT AGA9/ COLLECTIVE AIMS & ME?ODS4 ,EQUALLY H[EV]1 NO ORGANIZATION CAN BE AN>*I/ )\T TOTAL FRE$OM TO TAKE P>T 9 ! =MULATION ( GOALS1 AIMS & ME?ODS PLUS1 ULTIMATELY1 ! RI<T TO )DRAW FROM ?IS PROCESS4 

,! ,F$]ALI/ ,APPROA* 

  

,! USUAL ME?OD ADOPT$ BY AN>*I/S TO COMB9E FRE$OM ) ORGANIZATION HAS BE5 F$]ALISM4 ,?IS IDEA IS ! REV]SE ( ! /&>D =M ( ORGANIZATION 9 :I* DECISIONS >E MADE AT ! TOP BY AN ELITE & C>RI$ \T BY ! RANK & FILE4 ,UND] A F$]AL SY/EM1 AUTONOM\S MEMB]S ( ! ORGANIZATION1 ORGANIZ$ 9 GR\PS OR BRAN*ES AT ! BASE MAKE ! DECISIONS :I* >E C>RI$ \T BY ! ORGANIZATION4 ,POLITICAL P[] FL[S FROM ! BASE TO ! SUMMIT OR RA!R1 FROM ! CIRCUMF]5CE TO ! C5T]1 S9CE AN>*I/ ORGANIZATION IS HORIZONTAL 7BAS$ ON EQUALITY71 NOT V]TICAL 7BAS$ ON 9EQUALITY & HI]>*Y4 ,AN>*I/ ORGANIZATIONS %\LD BE EXPRESSIONS ( ! COLLECTIVE VOICE1 NOT DIRECT+ C5T]S :I* CONTROL PEOPLE4 

,! BASIC 'UNIT' IS ! MEMB] :O VOLUNT>ILY JO9S ! ORGANIZATION4 ,USUALLY A MEMB] WILL BE P>T ( A LOCAL OR 9DU/RIAL GR\P :I* FREELY AGREES TO JO9 A L>G] UNIT AT1 = 9/ANCE1 ! DI/RICT LEVEL4 ,! DI/RICT IS 9 TURN AFFILIAT$ TO A REGIONAL BODY :I* IS P>T ( A NATIONAL & ULTIMATELY 9T]NATIONAL F$]ATION4 ,! MO/ LOCAL OR C5TRAL GR\P WILL TAKE ?OSE DECISIONS :I* AFFECT IT MO/ CLOSELY & :I* IT IS BE/ PLAC$ TO DECIDE AB\T4 ,SMALL COLLECTIVES MI<T DECIDE H[ TO LIVE & WORK TOGE!R - ?IS WILL HAVE SMALL IMPACT \TSIDE4 ,A DI/RICT COMMUNE MI<T DECIDE ON ! LOCATION ( A NEW M$ICAL C5T] BUT ! DAMM+ ( A RIV]1 :I* HAS MU* WID] CONSEQU5CES1 W\LD HAVE TO BE AGRE$ UPON BY A GR\P ( COMMUNES1 ) ALL 9T]E/S REPRES5T$4 ,EA* P>T ( SOCIETY1 :I* IS1 ( C\RSE1 ! 9DIVIDUALS COMPRIS+ ?AT SOCIETY1 CAN 9FLU5CE ! ORI5TATION ( ! :OLE1 ITS GOALS & ME?ODS4 ,%\LD A GR\P DISAGREE ) DECISIONS REA*$1 IT HAS ! RI<T TO )DRAW FROM ! PROCESS & ITS AFFILIATION ) ! :OLE4 ,H[EV]1 IF IT HAS P>TICIPAT$ 9 ! DECISION-MAK+ PROCESS1 TO QUOTE ,MALATE/A AGA91 IT HAS A DUTY 0TO TAKE NO ACTION :I* IS CONTR>Y TO ! ACCEPT$ PROGRAM0 SO LONG AS IT REMA9S )9 ! B\ND>IES ( ! :OLE3 :E!R ORGANIZATION1 COMMUNE OR F$]ATION4 

,= A F$]AL SY/EM TO OP]ATE 9 AN AN>*I/ FA%ION1 !RE MU/ BE ! GREATE/ POSSIBLE DEGREE ( 9VOLVEM5T BY MEMB]S1 FREE COMMUNICATION & *ECKS ON ! DEVELOPM5T ( EI!R 'LEAD]S' OR 'FUNCTION>IES'1 = 9/ANCE ?R\< ROTATION ( ALL REPRES5TATIONAL POSITIONS1 ! REGUL> & EXTRAORD9>Y RECALL ( DELEGATES OR '(FICIALS'1 & A BAN ON P]MAN5T PO/+S4 ,/RICTLY SPEAK+1 9 BO? AN>*I/ ORGANIZATIONS & SOCIETIES1 !RE WILL BE NO '(FICIAL' OR '=MAL' POSITIONS & NO '(FICIALS' TO OCCUPY !M4 ,EA* P>T ( ORGANIZATION & SOCIETY REPRES5TS ITSELF DIRECTLY ?R\< MASS M$IA ACCESSIBLE TO ALL ) AN 9T]E/1 & ?R\< TEMPOR>Y DELEGATES1 SOMETIMES ELECT$1 SOMETIMES *OS5 BY LOT4 ,9 ! 5D1 H[EV]1 ! HEAL? ( ANY ORGANIZATION WILL BE DEP5D5T ON & ULTIMATELY REFLECT ! 5?USIASM & COMMITM5T ( ?OSE :O COMPRISE IT4 

,NOT ONLY AN>*I/ ORGANIZATIONS BUT AN>*I/ SOCIETIES W\LD OP]ATE ON A F$]AL BASIS4 ,SOCIETY W\LD BE A 'HONEY-COMB' OR 'LATTICE' OR 9T]-CONNECT$ GR\PS1 COLLECTIVES & COMMUNES1 SOMETIMES MAK+ DECISIONS = !MSELVES 7BUT %>+ 9=MATION AB\T ! DECISIONS ) O!RS71 SOMETIMES JO9+ ) O!R GR\PS TO MAKE JO9T DECISIONS & C>RY \T JO9T ACTIVITIES4 ,EA* GR\P W\LD HAVE ! RI<T TO SELF-DET]M9ATION 9 RESPECT ( IT'S [N AFFAIRS & ALSO ! RI<T TO SEC$E FROM ! :OLE 9 EXTREME CIRCUM/ANCES4 ,! BASIC SOCIAL GR\P+ W\LD PROBABLY BE ! NEI<BORHOOD COMMUNE 7= DECISIONS AFFECT+ ALL :O LIVE 9 A P>TICUL> >EA7 & ! AFF9ITY GR\P 7= ?OSE :O WORK TOGE!R OR O!RWISE CO-OP]ATE74 ,!SE W\LD VOLUNT>ILY F$]ATE TO A WID] BODY1 P]HAPS REGIONAL OR PROV9CIAL 79 ! =M] CASE7 OR AS A F$]ATION OR ASSOCIATION 79 ! LATT]74 ,DELEGATES FROM ! GR\PS & COMMUNES W\LD DEAL ) ISSUES ?AT REQUIR$ ! COOP]ATION ( MORE PEOPLE OR O!R COMMUNES4 ,!RE W\LD BE A NATURAL LIMIT TO ! COMPLEXITY ( ?IS =M ( ORGANIZATION S9CE1 AT A C]TA9 LEVEL OR BEYOND A C]TA9 PO9T1 COOP]ATION CEASES TO BE MORE EFFECTIVE ?AN AT LOCAL LEVELS4 

,9 ,PRACTICE 

  

,F$]ALISM IS A /RAI<T=W>D =M ( ORGANIZATION :I* COMB9ES ! MAXIMUM 9DIVIDUAL & LOCAL FRE$OM & AUTONOMY ) COLLECTIVE DECISIONS4 ,IT P]MITS PLANN+ ON A WIDE SCALE ?R\< NEGOTIATION1 COOP]ATION & MUTUAL AGREEM5T1 :E!R PLANN+ IS BE+ DONE BY A GR\P ( AN>*I/S OR A COMPLETE AN>*I/ SOCIETY4 ,F$]ALISM1 ) ITS VITAL RI<T TO SECESSION1 SAFEGU>DS ALL M9ORITIES FROM POT5TIAL MAJORITIES1 EV5 AN>*I/ ONES6 ,H[EV] ?\< AN IDEAL PICTURE1 F$]ALISM ALONE CANNOT CREATE OR PRES]VE A FREE SOCIETY4 ,IT MU/ BE COMB9$ ) ! ELIM9ATION ( C5TRALIZ$ P[]1 HI]>*Y1 AU?ORITY & 9EQUALITY4 ,:]E !SE >E PRES]V$1 FRE$OM IS A %AM & ANY F$]ATION 5TIRELY BOGUS1 A FACT ?AT W\LD BE REVEAL$ AS SOON AS ONE GR\P *ALL5G$ OR OPPOS$ ANO!R4 ,9 !ORY1 ! OLD ,SOVIET ,UNION WAS A F$]ATION ( REPUBLICS :I* 5JOY$ ! RI<T ( SECESSION4 ,9 REALITY IT WAS PROBABLY ! MO/ C5TRALIZ$ ( TW5TIE? C5TURY NATIONS4 ,! F$]AL /RUCTURE ( ,YUGOSLAVIA WAS SIMIL>LY BOGUS4 ,:5 ! C5TRAL AU?ORITY FAIL$1 AS IT DID 9 ! #a#i#iS1 LOCAL NATIONALISMS & E?NIC RIVALRIES REEM]G$ & ! PSEUDO-F$]ATIONS DIS9TEGRAT$1 ) DISA/R\S CONSEQU5CES4 ,ANY SU* F$]ATION BAS$ ON GR\P1 SOCIAL OR NATIONAL 9EQUALITIES1 & :I* 9VOLVES NONE ( ! ESS5TIAL FEATURES ( ! AN>*I/ VISION1 CAN =M ! BASIS ( AN>*I/ ORGANIZATION NOR COMPLETE ! TASK ( REVOLUTION4 ,IT IS ! TASK ( REVOLUTION>Y AN>*I/S & ! WORK+ CLASS TO CREATE IT4 

,9,T,],N,A,T,I,O,N,A,L,I,S,M 

  

,9,T,],N,A,T,I,O,N,A,L,I,S,M IS ! SOLID>ITY ( REVOLUTION>IES ACROSS NATIONAL B\ND>IES1 ,IS A KEY P>T ( WORK+ CLASS /RUGGLE4 ,! LA/ TWO HUNDR$ YE>S OR SO HAS SE5 NATIONAL /ATES GLORIFY+ PATRIOTISM & NATIONALISM4 ,AS A TOOL ( SOCIAL CONTROL IT HAS BE5 V]Y EFFECTIVE1 9DE$ MILLIONS ( PEOPLE HAVE SACRIFIC$ !IR LIVES = ! NATIONAL CAUSE4 

,! ,FIR/ & ,SECOND ,WORLD ,W>S >E JU/ ! CLE>E/ EXAMPLES ( A CONT9UAL PROCESS ( AGGRESSION C>RI$ \T BY NATION /ATES AGA9/ !IR RIVALS4 

,COLLAPSE ,( ,! ,OLD ,WORLD ,ORD] 

  

,AS ,L59I/ 'COMMUNISM' HAS COLLAPS$ ALL OV] ! WORLD1 ! IDEOLOGICAL GAP HAS BE5 TO A L>GE EXT5T FILL$ BY NATIONALISM4 ,?IS IS C>RI$ TO AN ABSURD DEGREE 9 C\NTRIES LIKE ! =M] ,YUGOSLAVIA1 :]E /ATELET CONFRONTS /ATELET1 ALL 9 ! NAME ( NATIONAL PRIDE & SELF-DET]M9ATION4 ,YET ?IS NATIONALISM :I* HAS BE5 SO P[]FUL 9 ! #b? ,C5TURY GOES AGA9/ ! :OLE DEVELOPM5T ( CAPITALISM4 ,IF NO?+ ELSE1 CAPITALISM IS 9T]NATIONALI/1 AT LEA/ AS F> AS ! MAJOR CORPORATIONS >E CONC]N$4 ,!SE 5T]PRISES >E HUGE1 EMPLOY HUNDR$S ( ?\S&S ( WORK]S 9 SEV]AL C\NTRIES & (T5 POSSESS CAPITAL 9 EXCESS ( SOME ( ! WORLD'S SECOND RANK NATIONS4 ,FIRMS LIKE ,I,C,I1 ,EXXON1 ,G5]AL ,MOTORS1 ,COCA ,COLA1 ,SONY ETC41 :IL/ BE+ BAS$ )9 NATION /ATES1 [E NO C\NTRY LOYALTY4 ,!IR GOAL IS GR[? & 9CREAS$ PR(ITS4 ,!Y >E UNWILL+ TO BE HELD BACK BY M]E NATIONAL GOV]NM5TS4 ,P>TLY 9 RECOGNITION ( ?IS FACT ( CAPITALI/ LIFE & P>TLY TO SECURE ! DOM9ATION ( ! WORLD'S M>KETS1 ONCE AGA9 MAJOR IMP]IALI/ RIVALRIES >E BEG9N+ TO EM]GE4 ,N,A,F,T,A1 ! ,E,C1 & ! C\RT+ BY ,JAPAN ( C\NTRIES >\ND ! ,PACIFIC ,RIM1 >E ALL AIM$ AT SECUR+ DOM9ATION ( ! WORLD'S M>KETS4 

,! ,NE$ ,= ,UNITY 

  

,= !SE REASONS ALONE1 IT IS VITAL ?AT ! REVOLUTION>Y WORK+ CLASS MOVEM5T LOOKS = UNITY4 ,H[EV]1 WORK]S' 9T]NATIONALISM IS NOT SIMPLY A RESPONSE TO ! 9T]NATIONAL ?REAT ( CAPITALISM4 ,9T]NATIONALISM DATES BACK TO ! #a#i? ,C5TURY1 ESPECIALLY TO ! =MATION ( ! ,9T]NATIONAL ,WORK+M5'S 7SIC7 ,ASSOCIATION 7,! ,FIR/ ,9T]NATIONAL74 ,!RE WAS A RECOGNITION ( ! NE$ = 9T]NATIONAL REVOLUTION & ?US ! NECESSITY ( AN 9T]NATIONALLY-ORGANIZ$ REVOLUTION>Y MOVEM5T4 ,DESPITE ! CYNICAL MANIPULATION ( SOCIALI/S SU* AS ,M>X1 :O PREF]R$ TO WRECK ! ,FIR/ ,9T]NATIONAL RA!R ?AN LET IT FALL UND] ! 9FLU5CE ( ! AN>*I/1 & ! PATRIOTISM & *AUV9ISM DISPLAY$ BY ! SOCIAL DEMOCRATIC P>TIES :I* WRECK$ ! ,SECOND ,9T]NATIONAL ON ! EVE ( ! ,GREAT ,W>1 9T]NATIONALISM HAS BE5 A CONT9U+ ?REAT4 ,L59'S ,?IRD ,9T]NATIONALISM WAS A TOOL ( ! ,BOL%EVIKS1 BECOM+ UND] ,/AL9 A %AMELESS CONVEYOR BELT = ,SOVIET =EIGN POLICY4 

,!SE PSEUDO-9T]NATIONALISMS DO NOT 9VALIDATE ! NECESSITY ( 9T]NATIONAL SOLID>ITY1 !Y MAKE IT ALL ! MORE VITAL4 ,UNLIKE CAPITALISM :I* SEEKS CON=MITY ON A WORLD SCALE - ,BIG ,MACS & ,PEPSI FROM ,NEW ,YORK TO ,BEIJ+- 9T]NATIONALISM WELCOMES & SUPPORTS ! DIV]SITIES ( PEOPLES4 ,IT IS ANTI-RACI/ & ADVOCATES A UNITY BAS$ ON ! RECOGNITION & CELEBRATION ( \R DIFF]5CES & SIMIL>ITIES4 ,9T]NATIONALISM IS A POSITIVE /ATEM5T AB\T ! SOLID>ITY ( ALL EXPLOIT$ & OPPRESS$ WORK+ PEOPLE4 ,9T]NATIONALISM IS ALSO A TACTICAL DEVICE TO 5ABLE ! REVOLUTION>Y WORK+ CLASS TO OV]?R[ CAPITALISM4 ,IF CAPITALISM IS 9T]NATIONALI/1 SO MU/ BE ! WORK+ CLASS4 ,GIV5 ! WIDE DIFF]5CES 9 ECONOMIC DEVELOPM5T BETWE5 NATIONS1 IT W\LD BE SURPRIS+ TO F9D REVOLUTION BREAK+ \T ON A WORLD SCALE SIMULTANE\SLY4 ,NO1 F> MORE LIKELY WILL BE REVOLUTION OCCURR+ )9 ! NATIONAL B\ND>IES4 ,!N1 9T]NATIONAL SOLID>ITY BECOMES VITAL TO DEF5D ! ISOLAT$ REVOLUTION & TO SPREAD IT ONTO A WID] A WID] SCALE4 

,REVOLUTION 

  

,WE %\LD NOT FALL 9TO ! TRAP BELIEV+ ?AT REVOLUTIONS MU/ NECESS>ILY SUCCUMB TO ! =CES ( WORLD IMP]IALISM4 ,JU/ BECAUSE ! ,U,S,A1 = EXAMPLE1 HAS A VA/ >S5AL AT ITS DISPOSAL DOES NOT MEAN ?AT IT CAN USE IT1 OR ?AT IF US$1 IT CAN BE EFFECTIVE4 ,! EXAMPLE ( ! ,U,S,A'S 9ABILITY TO DEFEAT ! W>LORD ,AIDE$ 9 IMPOV]I%$ ,SOMALIA IS AN EXAMPLE ( ! LIMITATIONS ( >M$ 9T]V5TION4 ,SO ! Y\NG WORK+ CLASS REVOLUTION1 EV5 IF 9ITIALLY RE/RICT$ TO ONE OR TWO C\NTRIES HAS A GOOD *ANCE ( SUCCESS1 IF !RE IS 9T]NATIONAL WORK+ CLASS SUPPORT4 ,SU* SUPPORT MI<T 9CLUDE /RIKES1 BOYCOTTS & AGITATION = REVOLUTION ON 'HOME FRONT'4 ,F9ALLY1 9T]NATIONALISM IS NOT ONLY MEANS TO ! 5D ( REVOLUTION4 ,IT IS AN 5D 9 ITSELF1 9 ! S5SE ?AT NATIONAL B>RI]S & P>O*IALISM WILL BE BROK5 D[N4 ,!RE WILL BE AN 9T]NATIONAL F$]ATION ( PEOPLES4 ,= ! FIR/ TIME ! WORLD WILL BELONG TO NO-ONE & EV]YONE4 

,LONG LIVE ! ,9T]NATIONAL6 

,R,E,V,O,L,U,T,I,O,N,>,Y ,V,I,O,L,5,C,E 

  

,! ,I,S,S,U,E ,( ,V,I,O,L,5,C,E )9 ! AN>*I/ MOVEM5T HAS LONG BE5 CONTROV]SIAL4 ,! E>LY AN>*I/ MOVEM5T ASSOCIAT$ ) ,MI*AEL ,BAKUN9 WAS OP5LY 9SURRECTION>Y & ! AN>*I/ COMMUNI/S ( ! LATE #a#i? C5TURY REG>D$ ACTS ( T]ROR AGA9/ OPPRESSORS AS P]FECTLY LEGITIMATE4 ,KROPOTK91 ,MALATE/A1 ,MO/ & O!RS 5?US$ OV] ACTS ( 'PROPAG&A BY ! DE$'4 ,?IS IDEA /RESS$ ! IMPORTANCE ( EXEMPL>Y ACTIONS LIKE /RIKES1 OCCUPATIONS ( PUBLIC BUILD+S ETC1 BY SMALL GR\PS ( REVOLUTION>IES ?AT W\LD IGNITE AN ALREADY REVOLUTION>Y SITUATION4 ,IT V]Y QUICKLY TURN$ 9TO ! IDEA ( DET]M9$ 9DIVIDUALS C>RY+ \T 9DIVIDUAL ATTACKS ON K+S1 PRESID5TS & CAPITALI/S4 ,GIV5 ! SEV]E REPRESSION 9 MANY ,EUROPEAN & ,S\? ,AM]ICAN C\NTRIES 7= EXAMPLE ,FRANCE AFT] ! BLOODY CRU%+ ( ! ,P>IS ,COMMUNE7 & :]E OP5 ACTIVITY WAS DIFFICULT1 ?IS WAS UND]/&ABLE4 ,! ,/ATE1 ?R\< ! M$IA1 WAS ABLE TO SO CLOSELY ASSOCIATE VIOL5CE ) AN>*ISM ?AT ! TWO IDEAS BECAME ALMO/ 9T]*ANGEABLE 9 ! PUBLIC M9D1 TO ! DETRIM5T ( ! MOVEM5T4 ,TODAY !RE >E MANY SO-CALL$ AN>*I/S :O REJECT ! :OLE REVOLUTION>Y TRADITION4 ,SO1 H[ %\LD REVOLUTION>Y AN>*I/S APPROA* ! ISSUE8 

,! FIR/ PO9T TO MAKE IS ?AT IT IS /ATES ACT+ 9 DEF5SE ( PRIVILEGE & EXPLOITATION ?AT PRACTICE VIOL5CE ON A L>GE SCALE4 ,! ASSASS9ATION ( HEADS ( /ATE PALES 9TO 9SIGNIFICANCE 9 CONTRA/ TO ! NORMAL1 EV]YDAY ACTIONS ( ! /ATE4 ,9 A REAL S5SE1 ,/ATES >E ORGANIZ$ VIOL5CE4 ,! >M$ =CES1 POLICE1 PRISONS & SO ON >E 9/ITUTIONAL =MS ( VIOL5CE US$ TO PROTECT ! /ATUS QUO4 ,& ! /ATUS QUO IS 9 ITSELF VIOL5CE = IT MEANS MASS POV]TY1 HOMELESSNESS1 POOR HEAL? & DESPAIR4 ,%\LD ANYONE QUE/ION ?IS LEGALIZ$ EV]YDAY T]ROR !Y >E MET ) ! FULL REPRESSIVE FI/ ( ! ,/ATE4 

,/ATE ,VIOL5CE 

  

,& /ATES >E NOT CONT5T TO 9FLICT VIOL5CE ON !IR SUBJECT POPULATIONS1 BUT RELI% ! OPPORTUNITY TO APPLY IT TO O!R PEOPLES4 ,! BOMB+S ( ,HIRO%IMA & ,NAGASAKI >E P]HAPS ! MO/ HORRIFIC EXAMPLES ( ?IS4 ,SOME LEAD]S1 SU* AS ,HITL] & ,/AL91 EXCELL$ 9 MURD]+ MILLIONS AT HOME & ABROAD4 ,SET AGA9/ SU* HORRIFIC1 MASS VIOL5CE COMITT$ BY /ATES1 ! BOMB ?R[]S & REVOLUTION>IES ( HI/ORY MU/ BE SE5 = :AT !Y W]E -H]OIC1 IF MISGUID$ PEOPLE ACT9NG 9 SELF-DEF5SE AGA9/ 'NORMAL' /ATE VIOL5CE4 ,) ! EXCEPTION ( PACIFI/S1 MO/ PEOPLE ACCEPT SELF-DEF5SE AS LEGITIMATE4 ,TO DEF5D ONESELF OR ONE'S FAMILY FROM ATTACK IS READILY UND]/OOD & ACCEPT$4 ,TO DEF5D AN OPPRESS$ & EXPLOIT$ CLASS 7( :I* WE \RSELVES >E P>T7 IS JU/ AN EXT5SION ( ?IS PR9CIPLE4 ,TO USE APPROPRIATE & MEASUR$ VIOL5CE AGA9/ ! V]Y EMBODIM5T ( VIOL5CE :I* IS ! /ATE1 IS NO MORE ?AN TO LAUN* A C\NT]-ATTACK4 ,A VIOL5T 9SURRECTION OR G5]AL /RIKE MU/ BE SE5 9 !SE T]MS - LEGITIMATE1 JU/IFI$ & NECESS>Y SELF-DEF5SE AGA9/ ! MON/] ( ! CAPITALI/ /ATE4 ,ANYONE :O REFUSES TO ACKN[L$GE ?IS NECESS>ILY ACCEPTS ! 'RI<T' ( ! CAPITALI/ /ATE TO DEV\R US4 

,A KEY PO9T H[EV]1 NE$S TO BE CONSID]$1 NAMELY ?AT 9DIVIDUAL ACTS ( VIOL5CE1 H[EV] WELL 9T5TION$1 JU/IFI$ BY ANG]1 POV]TY OR DESPAIR >E G5]ALLY C\NT] PRODUCTIVE4 ,9DIVIDUAL T]ROR & GR\P CONSPIRACIES >E QUITE EASILY CONTA9ABLE BY ! ,/ATE4 ,RA!R ?AN 9SPIR+ ! MASSES TO 9SURRECTION1 !Y HAVE G5]ALLY APPALL$ !M1 ESPECIALLY GIV5 ! HUGE PROPAG&A MA*9ES AVAILABLE TO OPPRESSORS4 ,REVOLUTION>Y MASS VIOL5CE IS1 H[EV]1 A DIFF]5T ?+ IF IT EXPRESSES A DET]M9ATION TO OV]?R[ EXPLOITATION & OPPRESSION4 ,& IT TAKES V>I\S =MS4 ,! SEIZURE ( WORKPLACES1 BANKS & O!R PROP]TY IS 9H]5TLY VIOL5T S9CE IT =CIBLY REMOVES !IR POSSESSION FROM ! [N]S4 ,TO NOT DO SO W\LD BE TO CAPITULATE TO ! SY/EM ( EXPLOITATION4 ,AN>*I/ REVOLUTION>IES DEF5D EV]Y ME?OD US$ BY ! OPPRESS$ AGA9/ ! 5EMY FROM PEACEFUL & LEGAL PROTE/ UP TO & 9CLUD+ VIOL5T UPRIS+4 ,VIOL5CE AS A GOAL 9 ITSELF IS UNJU/IFI$ & 9DE$ 9 REVOLUTION>Y SITUATIONS WORK+ CLASS PEOPLE HAVE T5D$ TO %R9K FROM ITS USE4 ,NOT SO ! ,/ATE1 :I* IF IT SECURES VICTORY 9 ANY P>TICUL> PHASE ( ! CLASS /RUGGLE1 UNLEA%ES MASS T]ROR AGA9/ IT'S 5EMIES1 ! PEOPLE4 ,ANYONE D\BT+ ?IS %\LD LOOK AT ! AFT]MA?S ( ! ,P>IS ,COMMUNE 9 ! #a#h#gS OR ! ,SPANI% ,CIVIL ,W> 9 ! #a#i#cS4 

,REVOLUTION>Y VIOL5CE IS ! CLE> EXPRESSION ( ! MASSES' REFUSAL TO CONT9UE ANY LONG] ) ! OLD WAYS4 ,SOMETIMES1 H[EV]1 DET]M9$ M9ORITIES1 (T5 9SPIR$ BY ,M>XI/-,L59ISM1 HAVE MANAG$ TO SEIZE CONTROL ( SU* MOVEM5TS = !IR [N 5DS4 ,! CTOB] ,REVOLUTION ( #aiag L$ TO ! CREATION ( ONE ( ! WORLD'S MO/ BRUTAL /ATES4 ,?IS MI/AKE MU/ NOT BE REPEAT$4 ,EI!R ! REVOLUTION IS AB\T SMA%+ ! ,/ATE ONCE & = ALL OR IT M]ELY BR+S AB\T ANO!R =M ( OPPRESSION 

,! ,/ATE & ,VIOL5CE 

  

,DUR+ ! LA/ T5 YE>S1 ! WORK+ CLASS WORLDWIDE HAS BE5 SUBJECT TO EV]-9CREAS+ ATTACKS4 ,MASS UNEMPLOYM5T IS N[ SE5 AS 'NORMAL' BY ?OSE UNAFFECT$ BY IT1 9EVITABLE OR A PRODUCT ( 'DEVELOPM5T'4 ,!RE HAS BE5 A L>GE R$I/RIBUTION WEAL? FROM ! POOR TO ! RI*1 LEAV+ MILLIONS 9 A /ATE ( NE> DE/ITUTION4 ,EXCEPTIONALLY REGRESSIVE TAXES HAVE DRIV5 MILLIONS 9TO A H& TO M\? EXI/5CE4 ,/ATE 9SPIR$ RACI/ VIOL5CE IS COMMON 9 SOME P>TS ( \R CITIES4 ,GIV5 ?IS CONTEXT1 IS IT SURPRIS+ ?AT WE HAVE HAD \TBUR/S ( NE>-9SURRECTION>Y VIOL5CE8 ,! ,POLL ,TAX RIOT 9 ,TRAFALG> ,SQU>E WAS A CLE> & WELCOME EXPRESSION ( CLASS ANG]1 AS W]E ! 'HIT SQUADS' :I* IMMOBILIZ$ VEHICLES & /OOD UP TO ! POLICE DUR+ ! L5G?Y M9]S' /RIKE ( #a#i#h#d-#h#e4 ,:5 BLACK PEOPLE =M SELF-DEF5SE GR\PS AGA9/ RACI/ ATTACKS1 !Y >E JU/IFI$4 ,:5 DEMON/RATORS RETALIATE AGA9/ POLICE PROVOCATIONS !Y >E JU/IFI$4 ,:5 A :OLE CLASS RISES UP AGA9/ ! ,/ATE & ,CAPITALISM1 IT IS JU/IFI$4 

,:5 WE READ ACC\NTS ( PEOPLE SUFF]+ (T5 HORRIBLE DEA?S 9 ! /RUGGLE = LIFE - BUT*]$ BY W> LORDS1 />V+ 9 ISOLAT$ SETTLEM5TS1 DY+ ( DISEASE 9 URBAN *ANTIES -- P]HAPS ?OSE :O CONDEMN REVOLUTION>Y VIOL5CE WILL />T TO ?9K MORE CLE>LY4 ,CAPITALISM & ! ,/ATE >5'T GO+ TO GO AWAY OR BE RE=M$4 ,!Y NE$ TO BE DE/ROY$1 & UN=TUNATELY VIOL5CE BY ! WORK+ CLASS IS ALMO/ C]TA9LY A NECESS>Y +R$I5T 9 ?IS PROCESS4 

,T,],R,O,R,I,S,M 

  

,A,N,>,*,I,/,S ,H,A,V,E ,L,O,N,G BE5 ASSOCIAT$ ) M9DLESS VIOL5CE 9 POPUL> IMAGES4 ,WE CAN SEE ,! ,SECRET ,AG5T ON TELEVISION & (T5 READ ( 0RIOTS LEAD BY AN>*I/S0 9 NEWSPAP]S4 ,SO :AT HAVE AN>*I/S DONE TO DES]VE ?IS8 ,! RUL+ CLASS HAVE ALWAYS US$ 'AN>*I/' AS A T]M ( ABUSE1 EV5 BE=E ! AN>*I/ MOVEM5T >OSE 9 ! #a#i? C5TURY4 ,TODAY'S RUL]S NEV] MISS AN OPPORTUNITY TO SL&] US EI!R4 ,BUT AN>*I/S >E NOT 5TIRELY )\T BLAME4 ,T[>DS ! 5D ( ! LA/ C5TURY MANY AN>*I/S BECAME IMPATI5T ) ! SL[ RESULTS O 'PROPAG&A BY ! WORD' & DEVELOP$ ! !ORY ( 'PROPAG&A BY ! DE$'4 ,AT FIR/ ?IS WAS UND]/OOD AS ! ACTION ( DET]M9$ GR\PS ( REVOLUTION>IES BY DEMON/RATIONS1 9SURRECTIONS & O!R =MS ( COLLECTIVE DIRECT ACTION TO IGNITE AN ALREADY POT5TIALLY REVOLUTION>Y SITUATION4 ,BUT 9 LAT] DECADES IT BECAME ID5TIFI$ ) 9DIVIDUAL ASSASS9ATIONS4 ,IT WAS ?\<T ?AT IF AN>*I/ MILITANTS TOOK AN ACTIVE LEAD & PHYSICALLY ATTACK$ MEMB]S ( ! RUL+ CLASS ! WORK+ CLASS W\LD BE 9SPIR$ TO REVOLUTION4 

,DISA/] 

  

,?IS !ORY WAS A TOTAL DISA/]4 ,IT LEFT P]HAPS #b PROM95T LEAD]S 7:O W]E EASILY REPLAC$7 DEAD1 & ! :OLE AN>*I/ MOVEM5T SEV]ELY DAMAG$4 ,GOV]NM5TS W]E GIV5 AN EXCUSE TO PASS REPRESSIVE LAWS AIM$ AT SMA%+ ! WORK]S' MOVEM5T & TO :IP UP ANTI-AN>*I/ HY/]IA4 ,! ,RUSSIAN AN>*I/ COMMUNI/ ,KROPOTK91 :O HAD BE5 A /AUN* DEF5D] ( !SE TACTICS WAS ONE ( ! FIR/ TO REALIZE ?AT !Y W]E MI/AK54 ,9 A S]IES ( >TICLES 9 #ahi HE /AT$ ?AT3 0,ONE MU/ BE ) ! PEOPLE1 :O NO LONG] WANT ISOLAT$ ACTS1 BUT WANT M5 7SIC7 ( ACTION 9SIDE !IR RANKS40 ,HE W5T ON TO W>N AGA9/3 0! ILLUSION ?AT ONE CAN DEFEAT ! COALITION ( EXPLOIT]S ) A FEW P\NDS ( EXPLOSIVES04 ,IT IS CLE> ?AT AS A MEANS T[>DS SOCIAL REVOLUTION1 T]RORISM IS A NON-/>T]4 ,IF ?IS IS ! CASE1 !N :Y DO T]RORI/ GR\PS EXI/ TODAY8 

,OBVI\SLY ! OBVI\S ANSW] IS ?AT ! T]RORI/S ( TODAY >E NOT 9T]E/$ 9 SOCIAL REVOLUTION4 ,MO/ >E 9VOLV$ 9 1NATIONAL LIB]ATION' /RUGGLES1 >E M>XI/-L59I/S OR BO?4 ,!Y >E USUALLY AU?ORIT>IAN VANGU>DI/S ( ! WOR/ K9D4 ,9 !IR [N T]MS !SE GR\PS >E OCCASIONALLY SUCCESSFUL1 ?AT IS !Y 'LIB]ATE' A C\NTRY OR E/ABLI% A NEW DICTATOR%IP CALL$ 'SOCIALISM'4 ,AN>*I/S %\LD HAVE NO TIME = !SE W\LD-BE BOSSES ( TOMORR[4 ,YET T]RORISM /ILL HOLDS A FASC9ATION = SOME PEOPLE :O W\LD CONSID] !MSELVES AN>*I/S4 ,!SE RANGE FROM ! *E]LEAD]S1 (T5 SE5 SPORT+ ! TEE-%IRT ( !IR FAVORITE T]RORI/ GR\P1 TO ! ACTION M5 :O ?9K WE %\LD TAKE UP >M$ /RUGGLE N[4 ,MU* ( ?IS CAN BE EXPLA9$ BY IMPATI5CE & A LACK ( UND]/&+ ( :AT SOCIAL REVOLUTION MEANS4 ,TO CREATE AN AN>*I/ COMMUNI/ SOCIETY WORK+ CLASS PEOPLE MU/ DE/ROY ! CURR5T P[] /RUCTURE & TAKE P[] 9TO !IR [N H&S4 ,T]RORI/ GR\PS DO NO?+ TO FUR!R ?IS AIM4 ,BE+ A SMALL >M$ ELITE !Y TAKE ON ! ROLE ( A VANGU>D :I* WILL SOLVE PEOPLE'S PROBLEMS = !M4 ,AN>*I/S %\LD BE ABLE TO SEE ! FLAWS 9 ANY GR\P :I* HAS ! >ROGANCE TO ?9K IT CAN SOLVE ! WORLD'S PROBLEMS BY ITSELF4 ,AT ! V]Y LEA/ ?IS CAN LEAD TO FUR!R DIVISIONS )9 ! WORK+ CLASS - BETWE5 ! T]RORI/ LEAD]S & ! PASSIVE FOLL[]S4 ,9/EAD ( 5C\RAG+ PEOPLE TO ?9K & ACT = !MSELVES1 T]RORI/S SEEK TO CONTROL /RUGGLES = !IR [N 5DS4 ,AS ,G]RY ,ADAMS1 ! PRESID5T ( ,S9N ,FE9 SAID1 0,?IS IS A SPECIAL MESSAGE = Y\NG PEOPLE - NO HIJACK+S1 NO JOYRID+1 NO /ONE ?R[+ AT ! ,BRITS4 ,IF Y\ WANT TO DO !SE ?+S1 !RE >E ORGANIZATIONS TO DO IT = Y\40 ,EV5 T]RORI/ GR\PS :I* CLAIM TO BE AN>*I/ CANNOT ESCAPE FROM !IR VANGU>DI/ NATURE4 ,AN 'AN>*I/' FROM ! ,JUNE #bND ,MOVEM5T 9 ,WE/ ,G]MANY >GU$ 0444ANALYSIS ( IMP]IALISM TELLS US ?AT ! /RUGGLES NO LONG] />T 9 ! METROPOLIS1 IT'S NO LONG] A MATT] ( ! WORK+ CLASS BUT :AT'S NE$$ IS A VANGU>D 9 ! METROPOLIS ?AT DECL>ES ITS SOLID>ITY1 ) ! LIB]ATION MOVEM5TS ( ! ,?IRD ,WORLD04 ,?IS IS H>DLY PUTT+ =W>D A LIB]T>IAN COMMUNI/ POSITION4 

,\R ,ROLE 

  

,! WORK ( REVOLUTION>IES IS TO CL>IFY & CO-ORD9ATE /RUGGLES AS A P>T ( ! WORK+ CLASS4 ,9 NON-REVOLUTION>Y P]IODS AN>*I/ COMMUNI/S WILL BE A CONSCI\S M9ORITY ) '! LEAD]%IP ( IDEAS'4 ,WE MU/ ALWAYS BE PU%+ = /RUGGLES TO GO AS F> AS POSSIBLE & BE L9K$ UP ) O!R MOVEM5TS4 ,H[EV]1 WE %\LD NEV] LET \RSELVES OV]-E/IMATE \R [N IMPORTANCE & WE %\LD NEV] =GET ?AT :5 REVOLUTIONS DO BREAK \T REVOLUTION>Y ORGANIZATIONS >E (T5 TAK5 BY SURPRISE4 ,ANO!R QUE/ION :I* MU/ HE ADDRESS$ :5 LOOK+ AT T]RORISM IS ! USE ( VIOL5CE4 ,BY PLANT+ BOMBS 9 PUBLIC PLACES T]RORI/S AGA9 %[ !IR >ROGANCE & A DI/URB+ CONTEMPT = HUMAN LIFE4 ,9 ANY BOMB+ CAMPAIGN :E!R BY AIR =CE1 C> BOMB OR P>CEL BOMB1 !RE WILL 9EVITABLY BE CIVILIAN CASUALTIES 7OR COLLAT]AL DAMAGE IF ! BOMB+ WAS DONE BY AN AIR =CE74 ,:IL/ ?IS WILL PROVIDE NO PROBLEM = ! AU?ORIT>IANS ( GOV]NM5TS & T]RORI/ GOV]NM5TS 9 WAIT+1 = REVOLUTION>IES ?IS IS UNACCEPTABLE4 ,WE REJECT ! R&OM VIOL5CE ( T]RORI/S BUT WE >E NOT PACIFI/S EI!R4 

,= US1 ! OLD VIOL5T TACTICS_/NON-VIOL5T TACTICS >E FALSELY POL>IZ$4 ,MANY ACTIVITIES 9VOLV+ MASS ACTION DO NOT 9VOLVE VIOL5CE1 :IL/ O!RS DO4 ,L>GE DEMON/RATIONS & /RIKES CAN (T5 TURN TO VIOL5CE & WE %\LD ACCEPT ! NE$ = SELF- DEF5SE4 ,GR\PS LIKE ! HIT SQUADS >IS+ FROM ! M9]S /RIKE >E G5U9E EXPRESSIONS ( WORK+ CLASS RESI/ANCE4 ,IT W\LD BE FOOLI% TO SIT 9 IVORY T[]S ( IDEALI/IC PR9CIPLES CONDEMN+ ?IS4 

,AS AN>*I/S WE MU/ CON/ANTLY FI<T 9 ALL >EAS ( LIFE TO ADVANCE ! REVOLUTION>Y PROCESS4 ,AT TIMES WE WILL NE$ TO DEF5D \RSELVES AGA9/ ! VIOL5CE ( \R 5EMIES4 ,BUT NO MATT] H[ H>D ! /RUGGLE IS1 OR H[ FRU/RAT$ WE >E 9 FAILURE1 WE MU/ NEV] =GET OLD DECL>ATION3 0! EMANCIPATION ( WORK]S MU/ HE BR\<T AB\T BY ! WORK]S !MSELVES04 ,ELITI/ GR\PS ( ANY K9D CAN ONLY BE A H9DRANCE TO ?IS4 

7,S\RCE3 ,RETRIEV$ ON ,M>* #b#a1 #bae FROM WEB4>*IVE4ORG47 

,FROM 3 ,!,AN>*I/,LIBR>Y4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,JANU>Y #a#f1 #bbb 3 ,ASPECTS ( ,AN>*ISM -- ,ADD$4 

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