,AU?ORIT>IANS1 VANGU>DS & 0ANTI-CAPITALI/0 MOVEM5TS 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,IA9 ,MC,KAY 

,TEXT 3 

,! ,SOCIALI/ ,WORK]S ,P>TY OBVI\SLY ?9KS ! 0ANTI-CAPITALI/0 DEMON/RATORS >E ! NEXT BIG ?+ & IDEAL RECRUIT+ FODD]4 ,*RIS ,BAMB]RY1 A LEAD+ MEMB]1 PUTS !IR AIM CLE>LY 5\<3 0,! TE/ = ! ,S,W,P WILL BE H[ IT %APES & DIRECTS ! ANTI-CAPITALI/ MOVEM5T40 ,ANO!R1 ,JULIE ,WAT]SON1 KN[S PRECISELY :AT !Y WANT \T ( IT3 0,A CADRE ( ,BOL%EVIKS40 

,AS USUAL1 WORK+ CLASS & RADICAL MOVEM5TS >E SE5 PURELY 9 9/RUM5TAL T]MS1 AS MEANS ( 9CREAS+ ! SIZE & 9FLU5CE ( ! P>TY4 ,RA!R ?AN SEE+ !IR POLITICS AS BE+ 9=M$ BY ! CLASS /RUGGLE !Y SEE ! CLASS /RUGGLE SIMPLY AS MEANS GA9+ MEMB]S4 ,?OSE CONSID]$ AS POSSIBLE NEW MEMB]S ( ! ,P>TY WILL BE URG$ TO IGNORE !IR [N EXP]I5CES )9 !IR [N MOVEM5TS & 9/EAD ASK$ TO FOLL[ A SET ( POLITICS BAS$ ON ! 0LESSONS0 ( EXP]I5CES GA9$ 9 A NE> PRE-CAPITALI/1 ABSOLUTI/ /ATE AT ! />T ( ! LA/ C5TURY4 ,! /UPIDITY ( SU* AN APPROA* IS CLE>4 ,LITTLE WOND] ,L59 >GU$ IT 9 ,LEFT-,W+ ,COMMUNISM4 

,IT IS NOT SURPRIS+1 !RE=E1 ?AT ,L59I/S >E NON-EXI/5T 9 ! GR\PS ?AT HAVE TAK5 P>T & ORGANIZ$ ! ANTI-CAPITALI/ DEMON/RATIONS -- NOT WILL+ TO LE>N FROM ?OSE 9VOLV$ 9 ! CLASS /RUGGLE1 ALL !Y CAN DO IS ACT AS PETTY SECT>IANS4 ,SECT>IANS EXPECT WORK+ CLASS PEOPLE TO RELATE TO !IR PR$ET]M9$ POLITICAL POSITIONS1 :]EAS REVOLUTION>IES APPLY \R POLITICS TO ! CONDITIONS WE FACE AS MEMB]S ( ! WORK+ CLASS4 ,= ,L59I/S REVOLUTION>Y CONSCI\SNESS IS NOT G5]AT$ BY WORK+ CLASS SELF-ACTIVITY1 BUT IS EMBODI$ 9 ! P>TY4 ,! IMPORTANT ISSUES FAC+ ! WORK+ CLASS -- & H[ TO FI<T -- >E TO BE DET]M9$ NOT BY ! WORK+ CLASS PEOPLE \RSELVES1 BUT BY ! LEAD]%IP ( ! P>TY1 :O >E ! 0VANGU>D ( ! WORK+ CLASS04 

,UN=TUNATELY1 AS ! REC5T ANTI-CAPITALI/ DEMON/RATIONS %[1 ! VANGU>D IS BUSY TRY+ TO CAT* UP ) ?OSE 9 /RUGGLE4 ,NOT ?AT ?IS IS AN ISOLAT$ CASE -- ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION IS FULL ( EXAMPLES ( ! BACKW>D NATURE ( ! 0VANGU>D P>TY40 ,= EXAMPLE1 ?R\<\T #a#i#a#g1 IT WAS ! WORK]S !MSELVES1 NOT ! ,BOL%EVIK ,P>TY1 :I* RAIS$ ! ISSUE ( WORK]S' SELF-MANAGEM5T & CONTROL4 ,AS HI/ORIAN ,S4,A4 ,SMI? CORRECTLY SUMM>IZES1 ! 0FACTORY COMMITTEES LAUN*$ ! SLOGAN ( WORK]S' CONTROL ( PRODUCTION QUITE 9DEP5D5TLY ( ! ,BOL%EVIK P>TY4 ,IT WAS NOT UNTIL ,MAY ?AT ! P>TY BEGAN TO TAKE IT UP40 .<,R$ ,PETROGRAD1 P4 #a#e#d.> ,GIV5 ?AT ! DEF9+ ASPECT ( CAPITALISM IS WAGE LABOR1 ! ,RUSSIAN WORK]S' RAIS$ A CLE>LY SOCIALI/ DEM& ?AT 5TAIL$ ITS ABOLITION4 ,IT WAS ! ,BOL%EVIK P>TY1 WE MU/ NOTE1 :O FAIL$ TO RAISE ABOVE A 0TRADE UNION CONSCI\S0 9 ?IS & SO MANY O!R CASES4 ,SMI? ALSO CORRECTLY COMM5TS ?AT ,L59'S 0PROPOSALS 444 .<W]E.> ?OR\<LY /ATI/ & C5TRALI/ 9 *>ACT]0 & ?AT HE US$ 0! T]M .<'WORK]S' CONTROL'.> 9 A V]Y DIFF]5T S5SE FROM ?AT ( ! FACTORY COMMITTEES40 .<,OP4 ,CIT41 P4 #a#e#d.> ,! MEMB]S ( ! 0ANTI-CAPITALI/0 MOVEM5TS %\LD BE> ?AT 9 M9D :5 ! ,S,W,P USES ! SAME RHETORIC AS !Y DO4 ,APPE>ANCES >E ALWAYS DECEPTIVE :5 IT COMES TO ,L59I/S4 

,AU?ORIT>IAN OR DEMOCRATIC8 

,! ,S,W,P >E OBVI\SLY AW>E ?AT ! LIB]T>IAN ASPECTS ( SU* GR\PS AS ,RECLAIM ! ,/REETS WILL MAKE IT H>D = ! VANGU>D TO 0DIRECT0 ! ANTI-CAPITALI/ MOVEM5T4 ,A LEAD+ CADRE1 ,ALEX ,CALL9ICOS1 TRI$ TO COMBAT LIB]T>IAN 9FLU5CE 9 ?AT MOVEM5T 9 ! ,MAY #a#c? ISSUE ( ,SOCIALI/ ,WORK]4 ,HE /ATES3 

0,RECLAIM ! ,/REETS PROCLAIMS ITS HO/ILITY TO ORGANIZ$ /RUCTURES & D5\NCES ! ,SOCIALI/ ,WORK]S ,P>TY AS 'AU?ORIT>IAN4' 

0,\R CRIME IS TO BELIEVE ?AT EFFECTIVE ACTION DEP5DS ON DEMOCRATICALLY-TAK5 MAJORITY DECISIONS B9D+ ON ALL 9VOLV$4 ,9 ! ABS5CE ( ?IS M9IMAL LEVEL ( DEMOCRATIC ORGANIZATION & DISCIPL9E Y\ GET :AT HAS BE5 CALL$ '! TYRANNY ( /RUCTURELESSNESS4' 

0,SMALL GR\PS >E FREE TO DO !IR [N ?+ )\T BE+ HELD ACC\NTABLE TO EV]YONE ELSE4 ,N[ ?AT'S REAL 'AU?ORIT>IANISM4'0 .<,SOCIALI/ ,WORK]1 P4 #d.> 

,NE$LESS TO SAY1 ,CALL9ICOS DOES NOT M5TION ! FACT ?AT ! T]M 0! TYRANNY ( /RUCTURELESSNESS0 WAS 9V5T$ BY AN>*A-FEM9I/ ,JO ,FREEMAN4 ,NOR DOES HE M5TION ! FACT ?AT ,R,T,S DOES HAVE AN ORGANIZ$ /RUCTURE 7NAMELY A WEEKLY OP5 MEET+ & V>I\S FUNCTIONAL WORK+ GR\PS SPR++ FROM IT74 ,:AT ,R,T,S1 AN>*I/S & LIB]T>IANS 9 G5]AL OBJECT TO IS NOT 0ORGANIZ$ /RUCTURES0 BUT RA!R HI]>*ICAL /RUCTURES4 ,CALL9ICOS IS P$DL+ ! USUAL ,L59I/ NONS5SE ?AT AN>*I/S REJECT ORGANIZATION4 ,9 REALITY1 = AN>*I/S1 IT IS NOT A QUE/ION ( ORGANIZATION V]SES NON-ORGANIZATION BUT RA!R AU?ORIT>IAN V]SES LIB]T>IAN ORGANIZATION & HI]>*Y V]SES SELF-MANAGEM5T 7DIRECT DEMOCRACY74 

,?US IT IS NOT A QUE/ION ( ! ,S,W,P'S 0CRIME IS TO BELIEVE ?AT EFFECTIVE ACTION DEP5DS ON DEMOCRATICALLY-TAK5 MAJORITY DECISIONS B9D+ ON ALL 9VOLV$40 ,AN>*I/S >E FIRM BELIEV]S 9 DIRECT DEMOCRACY 9 FREE ASSOCIATIONS4 ,SELF-MANAG$1 F$]AL ORGANIZATION FROM ! BOTTOM UP IS A KEY ASPECT ( AN>*I/ IDEAS4 ,WE SEE SU* LIB]T>IAN ORGANIZATION AS REFLECT+ ! IMPORTANCE ( 9DIVIDUAL LIB]TY4 ,RA!R ?AN BE+ 9 FAVOR ( 0DEMOCRACY01 ! ,S,W,P'S CRIME IS TO 5VISION A =M ( 0DEMOCRACY0 :I* IS LITTLE MORE ?AN A JU/IFICATION = TOP-D[N P>TY RULE4 

,DEMOCRACY & 0EFFECTIVE ACTION0 

,IF WE TAKE ,CALL9ICOS' COMM5TS S]I\SLY !N WE D\BT ?AT ANY REVOLUTION W\LD SUCCE$ :5 ORGANIZ$ 9 ! ,S,W,P'S MANN]4 ,AFT] ALL1 DUR+ A /RUGGLE OR REVOLUTION UNEXPECT$ EV5TS OCCUR1 NEW DEVELOPM5TS >ISE & NEW 9=MATION APPE>S4 ,!SE REQUIRE DECISIONS TO BE MADE & AS QUICKLY AS POSSIBLE4 ,! QUE/ION >ISES1 :O MAKES ?OSE DECISIONS8 ,EI!R IT IS ?OSE DIRECTLY 9VOLV$ 7I4E4 ! 0SMALL GR\PS0 ,CALL9ICOS M5TIONS7 OR IT IS BY SOME ONE ELSE4 ,CALL9ICOS /ATES ?AT !SE DECISIONS MU/ BE MADE BY 0! MAJORITY40 ,:I* 0MAJORITY08 ,! MAJORITY ( ?OSE 9VOLV$ ) ! EV5T8 ,! MAJORITY ( ALL 9 A GIV5 ORGANIZATION OR DEMON/RATION8 ,! MAJORITY ( ! WORK+ CLASS8 ,CALL9ICOS REMA9S SIL5T 7= GOOD REASON1 AS WE %ALL SEE74 

,9 SOME CASES1 IT IS PRACTICAL & POSSIBLE = ! MAJORITY ( ALL 9VOLV$ 9 A MOVEM5T TO MAKE A DECISION ON POLICY4 ,= EXAMPLE1 ! CONGRESSES ( ! AN>*O-SYNDICALI/ ,C,N,T W]E BAS$ ON M&AT$ DELEGATES CO-ORD9AT+ ! POLICY DECISIONS ( ALL ! MEMB]%IP4 ,H[EV]1 (T5 IT IS IMPOSSIBLE TO DO ?IS4 ,WORK]S ON /RIKE CANNOT CONT9UALLY SUBMIT EV]Y DECISION TO ! :OLE UNION MEMB]%IP4 ,RA!R ! /RIK+ WORK]S 9 EA* >EA MAKE DECISIONS APPROPRIATE TO !IR NE$S & CO-ORD9ATE !IR ACTIVITIES LAT]4 

,9 A RIOT OR REVOLUTION1 SMALL GR\PS HAVE TO ACT )\T BE+ B\ND BY 0DEMOCRATICALLY-TAK5 MAJORITY DECISIONS0 :I* >E1 9 PRACTICE1 IMPOSSIBLE TO ORGANIZE 9 ! HEAT ( A CONFRONTATION ) ! =CES ( ! /ATE OR ! BOSSES4 ,WORK]S' ACT SPONTANE\SLY TO %[ SOLID>ITY1 TO OCCUPY !IR WORKPLACES1 TO CREATE NEW =MS ( ORGANIZATION & SO ON )\T WAIT+ = A 0MAJORITY0 )9 SOCIETY OR !IR [N UNION4 ,ANY /RUGGLE OR REVOLUTION IS DEP5D5T ON PEOPLE MAK+ DECISIONS SPONTANE\SLY1 AT ! APPROPRIATE TIME & LEVEL O!RWISE IT WILL FAIL4 ,CO-ORD9ATION ( /RUGGLE1 WIDE-SCALE COLLECTIVELY AGRE$ ACTION & ORGANIZATION IS ESS5TIAL BUT IT COMPLEM5TS LOCAL ACTIONS & DECISIONS & CAN NEV] REPLACE IT OR SUBORD9ATE IT4 ,?IS CAN BE SE5 FROM LOOK+ AT ! LOGICAL CONCLUSION ( ! ,S,W,P'S >GUM5T4 ,?AT IS :Y AN>*I/S /RESS ! IMPORTANCE ( DEC5TRALIZATION & F$]ALISM4 

,IF WE TAKE ,CALL9ICOS' >GUM5T AT FACE VALUE1 NO ONE C\LD MAKE A DECISION )\T FIR/ GETT+ IT AGRE$ BY ! MAJORITY ( SOCIETY4 ,9 A /RIKE ! WORK]S' 9VOLV$ C\LD NOT1 SAY1 ORGANIZE A PICKET L9E )\T FIR/ BALLOT+ ! RE/ ( !IR UNION4 ,9 A SOCIALI/ SOCIETY1 WORK]S 9 A FACTORY C\LD NOT DECIDE TO RE-ORGANIZE PRODUCTION 9 MORE LIB]T>IAN WAYS )\T GETT+ A MAJORITY ( ! WORK]S ACROSS ! GLOBE TO AGREE TO ! *ANGE4 ,TO CRITICIZE 0SMALL GR\PS0 ACT+ ON !IR [N 9ITIATIVE1 )\T GETT+ P]MISSION FROM AN UNDEF9$ 0MAJORITY0 MEANS TO CONDEMN SOCIETY TO BUREAUCRATIC 9]TIA4 ,NO DECISION C\LD BE MADE UNLESS ! MAJORITY HAD DISCUSS$ IT BE=E H& & HAD AGRE$ TO IT4 ,?IS W\LD BE ! EXACT OPPOSITE ( ! 0EFFECTIVE ACTION0 ,CALL9ICOS ?9KS B9D+ DEMOCRATIC DECISIONS W\LD CREATE4 

,A ,TAX+ ,TIME = ! ,S,W,P8 

,IRONICALLY 5\<1 ,CALL9ICOS' [N EXAMPLE ( ! #aii POLL-TAX RIOT REFUTES HIS [N >GUM5T4 ,HE /ATES ?AT 0.<T.>HE REAL =CE = *ANGE IS MASS ACTION4 ,! ,TRAFALG> ,SQU>E RIOT 444 GOT RID ( ,?AT*] & H] POLL TAX4 ,?IS IS ! REAL BASIS ON :I* TO CRITICIZE ! V]Y SMALL NUMB] ( PROTE/]S :O US$ VIOL5T TACTICS4 ,/REET FI<T+ ISN'T A SUB/ITUTE = MASS MOBILIZATION40 ,?+S HAVE C]TA9LY *ANG$ S9CE ! WEEK AFT] ! RIOT1 :5 ! ,S,W,P CLAIM$ 0NO SOCIALI/ BELIEVES RIOT+ WILL BEAT ! POLL TAX40 .<,SOCIALI/ ,WORK]1 ,APRIL #g?1 #a#i#i.> ,ALSO =GOTT5 IS ! COMMUNITY BAS$ MASS NONPAYM5T CAMPAIGN :I* ! ,S,W,P 9ITIALLY DISMISS$ 9 FAVOR ( CALL+ UPON ! TRADE UNION BUREAUCRACY TO ORGANIZE 9DU/RIAL ACTION4 ,BUT1 !N AGA91 P]HAPS ?AT EXPLA9S :Y IT GOES UNM5TION$8 

,?IS1 H[EV]1 IS BESIDE ! PO9T4 ,CALL9ICOS' >GUM5T1 AS IT /&S1 CAN BE FAULT$ = ?REE REASONS4 ,FIR/LY1 A RIOT IS 0/REET FI<T+0 SO ,CALL9ICOS' >GUM5T IS LOGICALLY FLAW$4 ,SECONDLY1 ,R,T,S & ! O!R LIB]T>IANS :O ORGANIZ$ ! ,MAY ,DAY DEMON/RATION HAD TRI$ TO MOBILIZE AS MANY PEOPLE AS POSSIBLE TO IT & SO >E ALREADY AW>E ( ! IMPORTANCE ( 0MASS MOBILIZATION0 & 0MASS ACTION40 ,IF !Y DID NOT1 & DID NOT SUCCE$ 9 ORGANIZ+ MASS EV5TS1 ! ,S,W,P W\LD NOT BE 9T]E/$ 9 !M4 ,?IRDLY1 & MORE IMPORTANTLY1 ! PEOPLE 9VOLV$ 9 ! #aii RIOT W]E A M9ORITY ( ?OSE :O TOOK P>T 9 ! ,ANTI-,POLL ,TAX DEMON/RATION & ! MOVEM5T AS A :OLE4 ,! RIOT ITSELF WAS A SPONTANE\S EV5T1 UNPLANN$ BE=EH& & NOT 9 ANY WAY AGRE$ TO DEMOCRATICALLY BY 0ALL 9VOLV$0 OR BY ! LEAD]%IP ( ! ANTI-POLL TAX F$]ATION4 ,! FACT IT EV5 OCCURR$ 9 ! FIR/ PLACE & WAS SUCCESSFUL IS DUE TO A M9ORITY ( ! PEOPLE AT ! DEMON/RATION ACT+ = !MSELVES1 )\T WAIT+ = ! MAJORITY OR ! DECISIONS ( ! ,ANTI-,POLL ,TAX LEAD]%IP4 ,9DE$1 IF ! RIOT]S HAD WAIT$ = ! MAJORITY TO AGREE OR = ! ,ANTI-,POLL ,TAX F$]ATION'S LEAD]%IP TO ACT !N !Y W\LD HAVE BE5 DEFEAT$ -- IT WAS IMPOSSIBLE TO CONSULT ! MAJORITY & ! SO-CALL$ LEAD]%IP HAD NO IDEA :AT TO DO & W]E HORRIFI$ BY ! :OLE EV5T4 

,IF WE TAKE ,CALL9ICOS' >GUM5T S]I\SLY WE MU/ CONCLUDE ?AT ! RIOT]S %\LD HAVE FOLL[$ ! LEAD]%IP ( ! ,ANTI-,POLL ,TAX ,F$]ATION & /OPP$ FI<T+ ! POLICE4 ,9/EAD ( ?IS1 ! M9ORITY WILL+ & ABLE TO RESI/ ! POLICE ACT$ = !MSELVES1 9DEP5D5TLY ( ANY LEAD]S & GAVE A LEAD TO ! MAJORITY ON ! DEMON/RATION )\T WAIT+ = !M4 ,& A GOOD JOB !Y DID4 ,!IR /REET FI<T+ IS N[ PRAIS$ BY ,CALL9ICOS :ILE HE IGNORES ! OBVI\S FACT ?AT !Y ACT$ 9 A MANN] TOTALLY AT ODDS ) HIS POLITICAL RECOMM5DATIONS4 ,H>DLY A GOOD EXAMPLE TO USE AS A POLEMICAL PO9T AGA9/ ,R,T,S1 REG>DLESS ( ! PROS & CONS ( C]TA9 ACTIONS ?AT OCCURR$ ON ,MAY ,DAY ITSELF4 

,FOLL[ ! LEAD]8 

,( C\RSE1 9 PRACTICE1 ,TROTSKYI/S RECOGNIZE ?AT TO 9VOLVE ! MAJORITY 9 EV]Y DECISION W\LD BE IMPOSSIBLE4 ,?AT IS :Y !Y >GUE = 0DEMOCRATIC C5TRALISM40 ,9 ?IS ! P>TY MEMB]%IP ELECT A LEAD]%IP :O MAKE ! DAY TO DAY DECISIONS :I* ! P>TY MEMB]%IP HAS TO IMPLEM5T4 ,RA!R ?AN 0EFFECTIVE ACTION0 BE+ ! RESULT ( 0DEMOCRATICALLY-TAK5 MAJORITY DECISIONS B9D+ ON ALL 9VOLV$0 !Y 9 FACT MEAN 0DECISIONS MADE BY A FEW LEAD]S AT ! TOP ( ! P>TY1 B9D+ ON ALL UND] !M40 ,9 O!R WORDS1 A REPRES5TATIVE GOV]NM5T :OSE DECISIONS >E B9D+ ON ALL SUBJECT TO IT -- A RADICALLY DIFF]5T CONCEPT & ONE :I* IS 0DEMOCRATIC0 ONLY 9 ! B\RGEOIS S5SE WE ALL KN[ & HATE4 

,ULTIMATELY1 ,CALL9ICOS' >GUM5T AM\NTS TO LITTLE MORE ?AN A CALL = DOM9ATION BY ! ,S,W,P'S LEAD]%IP OV] ! ANTI-CAPITALI/ MOVEM5T -- A CALL HIDD5 BEH9D ! RHETORIC ( 0DEMOCRACY40 

,IT WAS ?IS VISION ( C5TRALIZ$1 TOP-D[N 0DEMOCRATIC0 DECISION MAK+ :I* PROVID$ ! ,BOL%EVIKS ) ! JU/IFICATION TO ELIM9ATE ! FUNCTIONAL DEMOCRACY ASSOCIAT$ ) ! FACTORY COMMITTEES & SOLDI]S COMMITTEES4 ,9 PLACE ( WORK]S' & SOLDI]S' DIRECT DEMOCRACY & SELF-MANAGEM5T1 ! ,BOL%EVIKS APPO9T$ MANAG]S & (FIC]S & JU/IFI$ BECAUSE A WORK]S' P>TY WAS 9 P[]4 ,! 0DEMOCRATICALLY-TAK5 MAJORITY DECISIONS B9D+ ON ALL 9VOLV$0 :I* ELECT$ ! ,BOL%EVIKS 9TO P[] BECAME ! MEANS BY :I* DEMOCRACY WAS ELIM9AT$ 9 >EA AFT] >EA ( ,RUSSIAN WORK+ CLASS LIFE4 ,NE$LESS TO SAY1 A /ATE :I* ELIM9ATES FUNCTIONAL DEMOCRACY 9 ! GRASSROOTS WILL NOT /AY DEMOCRATIC = LONG 

,BOL%EVISM 9 P[] 

,9 FACT1 ! ,BOL%EVIK TRADITION HAS NO PROBLEM ) SMALL GR\PS & 9DIVIDUALS IGNOR+ ! DEMOCRATIC DECISIONS ( COLLECTIVE GR\PS4 ,! ,BOL%EVIKS W]E V]Y HAPPY TO LET SMALL GR\PS IGNORE & REVOKE ! DEMOCRATIC DECISIONS ( COLLECTIVE GR\PS -- AS LONG AS ! SMALL GR\P 9 QUE/ION WAS ! LEAD]%IP ( ! ,BOL%EVIK ,P>TY4 ,! LEAD+ LI<TS ( ! ,L59I/ TRADITION HAPPILY PLAC$ ! RI<TS ( ! P>TY BE=E ! RI<TS ( WORK+ PEOPLE TO DECIDE !IR [N FATE4 ,?US ,CALL9ICOS' ATTACK ON ,R,T,S CAN BE TURN$ BACK ON HIS [N POLITICS1 ) MU* MORE JU/IFICATION & EVID5CE4 

,= EXAMPLE1 9 RESPONSE TO ! 0GREAT ,BOL%EVIK LOSSES 9 ! SOVIET ELECTIONS0 DUR+ ! SPR+ & SUMM] ( #aiah 0,BOL%EVIK >M$ =CE USUALLY OV]?REW ! RESULTS ( !SE PROV9CIAL ELECTIONS 444 .<,9.> ! CITY ( ,IZHEVSK .<= EXAMPLE.> 444 9 ! ,MAY ELECTION .<TO ! SOVIET.> ! ,M5%EVIKS & ,S,RS WON A MAJORITY 444 ,9 ,JUNE1 !SE TWO P>TIES ALSO WON A MAJORITY ( ! EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE ( ! SOVIET4 ,AT ?IS PO9T1 ! LOCAL ,BOL%EVIK LEAD]%IP REFUS$ TO GIVE UP P[] 444 .<& BY USE ( ! MILIT>Y.> ABROGAT$ ! RESULTS ( ! ,MAY & ,JUNE ELECTIONS & >RE/$ ! ,S,R & ,M5%EVIK MEMB]S ( ! SOVIET & ITS EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE40 ,9 ADDITION1 0! GOV]NM5T CONT9UALLY PO/PON$ ! NEW G5]AL ELECTIONS TO ! ,PETROGRAD ,SOVIET1 ! T]M ( :I* HAD 5D$ 9 ,M>* #a#i#a#h4 ,APP>5TLY1 ! GOV]NM5T FE>$ ?AT ! OPPOSITION P>TIES W\LD %[ GA9S40 .<,SAMUEL ,F>B]1 ,BE=E ,/AL9ISM1 PP4 #b#c-#d & P4 #b#b.> 

,9 ! WORKPLACE1 ! ,BOL%EVIKS REPLAC$ WORK]S' ECONOMIC DEMOCRACY ) 0ONE-MAN MANAGEM5T0 SELECT$ FROM ABOVE1 BY ! /ATE 70,! ELECTIVE PR9CIPLE MU/ N[ BE REPLAC$ BY ! PR9CIPLE ( SELECTION0 -- ,L5974 ,TROTSKY DID NOT CONSID] ?IS A RESULT ( ! ,CIVIL ,W> -- 0,I CONSID] IF ! CIVIL W> HAD NOT PLUND]$ \R ECONOMIC ORGANS ( ALL ?AT WAS /RONGE/1 MO/ 9DEP5D5T1 MO/ 5D[$ ) 9ITIATIVE1 WE %\LD UND\BT$LY HAVE 5T]$ ! PA? ( ONE-MAN MANAGEM5T 9 ! SPH]E ( ECONOMIC ADM9I/RATION MU* SOON] & MU* LESS PA9FULLY40 .<QUOT$ BY ,M4 ,BR9TON1 ,! ,BOL%EVIKS & ,WORK]S' ,CONTROL1 P4 #fc & PP4 #f#f-#g.> ,HE PU%$ ! IDEAS ( 0MILIT>IZATION ( LABOR0 AS WELL AS ABOLI%+ DEMOCRATIC =MS ( ORGANIZATION 9 ! MILIT>Y 7?IS LAT] POLICY OCCURR$ BE=E ! />T ( ! ,CIVIL ,W> -- AS ,TROTSKY PUT IT1 ! 0ELECTIVE BASIS IS POLITICALLY PO9TLESS & TE*NICALLY 9EXP$I5T & HAS ALREADY BE5 SET ASIDE BY DECREE0 .<QUOT$ BY ,BR9TON1 ,OP4 ,CIT41 PP4#c#g-#h.>74 

,MOREOV]1 9 SPITE ( ,CALL9ICOS' CLAIM ?AT IT IS ! ,L59I/ TRADITION :I* IS DEMOCRATIC WE F9D ,L59 >GU+ 9 ,APRIL #aiah ?AT ! 0IRREFUTABLE EXP]I5CE ( HI/ORY HAS %[N ?AT 444 ! DICTATOR%IP ( 9DIVIDUAL P]SONS WAS (T5 ! VEHICLE1 ! *ANNEL ( ! DICTATOR%IP ( ! REVOLUTION>Y CLASSES40 .<QUOT$ BY ,MAURICE ,BR9T91 ,! ,BOL%EVIKS & ,WORK]S ,CONTROL1 P4 #d.> ,SU* A COMM5T IS NOT AN ISOLAT$ ONE4 

,! ELIM9ATION ( DEMOCRACY CONT9U$ AFT] ! 5D ( ! ,CIVIL ,W>4 ,9 ,MAY #a#i#b#a1 ! ,ALL-,RUSSIAN ,CONGRESS ( ! ,METALWORK]S' ,UNION MET4 ,! 0,C5TRAL ,COMMITTEE ( ! .<,COMMUNI/.> ,P>TY H&$ D[N TO ! ,P>TY FACTION 9 ! UNION A LI/ ( RECOMM5D$ C&IDATES = UNION 7SIC67 LEAD]%IP4 ,! METALWORK]S' DELEGATES VOT$ D[N ! LI/1 AS DID ! ,P>TY FACTION 9 ! UNION 444 ,! ,C5TRAL ,COMMITTEE ( ! ,P>TY DISREG>D$ EV]Y ONE ( ! VOTES & APPO9T$ A ,METALWORK]S' ,COMMITTEE ( ITS [N4 ,SO MU* = 'ELECT$ & REVOCABLE DELEGATES4' ,ELECT$ BY ! UNION RANK & FILE & REVOCABLE BY ! ,P>TY LEAD]%IP60 .<,M4 ,BR9TON1 ,OP4 ,CIT41 P4 #h#c.> 

,!SE >E A FEW EXAMPLES ( ,TROTSKY'S #aiba >GUM5T ?AT Y\ CANNOT PLACE 0! WORK]S' RI<T TO ELECT REPRES5TATIVES ABOVE ! P>TY4 ,AS IF ! ,P>TY W]E NOT 5TITL$ TO ASS]T ITS DICTATOR%IP EV5 IF ?AT DICTATOR%IP CLA%$ ) ! PASS+ MOODS ( ! WORK]S' DEMOCRACY60 ,HE CONT9U$ BY /AT+ ! 0,P>TY IS OBLIG$ TO MA9TA9 ITS DICTATOR%IP 444 REG>DLESS ( TEMPOR>Y VACILLATIONS EV5 9 ! WORK+ CLASS 444 ,! DICTATOR%IP DOES NOT BASE ITSELF AT EV]Y MOM5T ON ! =MAL PR9CIPLE ( A WORK]S' DEMOCRACY40 .<QUOT$ BY ,BR9TON1 ,OP4 ,CIT41 P4 #g#h.> 

,SO MU* = ! ,S,W,P'S POLITICS JU/ BE+ 0DEMOCRATIC40 ,RA!R1 ,R,T,S IS CORRECT4 ,! ,BOL%EVIK TRADITION IS DEEPLY AU?ORIT>IAN -- IT IS BAS$ ON C5TRALIZ$ P>TY P[] RID+ R\<-%OT OV] ! FUNCTIONAL DEMOCRACY ( ! WORK+ CLASS4 ,TO QUOTE ,TROTSKY 7?IS TIME FROM #a#i#c#g73 

0! PROLET>IAT CAN TAKE P[] ONLY ?R\< ITS VANGU>D4 ,9 ITSELF ! NECESSITY = /ATE P[] >ISES FROM AN 9SUFFICI5T CULTURAL LEVEL ( ! MASSES & !IR HET]OG5EITY4 ,9 ! REVOLUTION>Y VANGU>D1 ORGANIZ$ 9 A P>TY1 IS CRY/ALLIZ$ ! ASPIRATIONS ( ! MASSES TO OBTA9 !IR FRE$OM4 ,)\T ! CONFID5CE ( ! CLASS 9 ! VANGU>D1 )\T SUPPORT ( ! VANGU>D BY ! CLASS1 !RE CAN BE NO TALK ( ! CONQUE/ ( P[]4 

0,9 ?IS S5SE ! PROLET>IAN REVOLUTION & DICTATOR%IP >E ! WORK ( ! :OLE CLASS1 BUT ONLY UND] ! LEAD]%IP ( ! VANGU>D40 .<0,/AL9ISM & ,BOL%EVISM01 ,SOCIALI/ ,REVIEW1 NO4 #a#d#f1 P4 #a#f.> 

,?US1 RA!R ?AN ! WORK+ CLASS AS A :OLE SEIZ+ P[]1 IT IS ! 0VANGU>D0 7! LEAD]%IP ( ! P>TY1 A M9ORITY1 ! ULTIMATE 0SMALL GR\P07 :I* TAKES P[] -- 0A REVOLUTION>Y P>TY1 EV5 AFT] SEIZ+ P[] 444 IS /ILL BY NO MEANS ! SOV]EIGN RUL] ( SOCIETY40 ,?AT IS1 ( C\RSE1 TRUE -- !Y >E /ILL ORGANS ( WORK+ CLASS SELF-MANAGEM5T 7SU* AS FACTORY COMMITTEES1 WORK]S C\NCILS1 TRADE UNIONS1 SOLDI] COMMITTEES7 ?R\< :I* WORK+ PEOPLE CAN /ILL EX]CISE !IR SOV]EIGNTY4 ,LITTLE WOND] ,TROTSKY ABOLI%$ 9DEP5D5T UNIONS1 DECRE$ ! 5D ( SOLDI] COMMITTEES & URG$ ONE-MAN MANAGEM5T & ! MILIT>IZATION ( LABOR :5 9 P[]4 ,SU* WORK+ CLASS ORGANS DO CONFLICT ) ! SOV]EIGN RULE ( ! P>TY & SO HAVE TO BE ABOLI%$4 

,?IS POSITION FOLL[S NATURALLY FROM ,TROTSKY'S COMM5TS ?AT ! P>TY 0CRY/ALLIZES0 ! 0ASPIRATIONS0 ( ! MASSES4 ,IF ! MASSES REJECT ! P>TY OR ITS DECISIONS1 !N1 OBVI\SLY1 !IR 0CULTURAL LEVEL0 HAS FALL5 & SO ! P>TY HAS ! RI<T1 NEI< ! DUTY1 TO IMPOSE ITS DICTATOR%IP OV] !M4 ,SIMIL>LY1 ! DE/RUCTION ( ORGANS ( WORK+ CLASS SELF-MANAGEM5T CAN BE JU/IFI$ BECAUSE ! VANGU>D HAS TAK5 P[] -- :I* IS EXACTLY :AT ,TROTSKY >GU$4 

,9 O!R WORDS1 ! LEAD]S ( ! ,BOL%EVIK P>TY BECAME ! 0SMALL GR\P0 0FREE TO DO !IR [N ?+ )\T BE+ HELD ACC\NTABLE TO EV]YONE ELSE40 ,?IS WAS DUE TO A COMB9ATION ( !IR POLITICS & ! NATURE ( ! /ATE4 ,AS A C5TRALIZ$1 TOP-D[N1 HI]>*ICAL /RUCTURE A /ATE 7OR A ,BOL%EVIK-/YLE P>TY7 CANNOT HELP GIV+ P[] TO ! SMALL GR\P ( LEAD]S AT ! TOP4 ,! P[]S ?AT ! LEAD]S 5JOY UND] SU* CIRCUM/ANCES CAN BE USURP$ )\T DIFFICULTY -- ! C5TRALIZ$ NATURE ( ! /ATE 5SURES ACC\NTABLY IS LIMIT$ & ,BOL%EVIK POLITICS PROVIDE ! RATIONALE TO ELIM9ATE DEMOCRACY & IGNORE ANY 0DEMOCRATICALLY-TAK5 MAJORITY DECISIONS0 ?AT CONFLICT ) ! P>TY'S WI%ES4 

,?US ,CALL9ICOS' COMM5TS >E /RANGE 9 ! EXTREME4 ,BO? AN>*I/S & ,L59I/S %>E A BELIEF ?AT 9DIVIDUALS CAN & %\LD HAVE ! RI<T TO IGNORE DECISIONS MADE BY GR\PS4 ,H[EV]1 ,L59I/S SEEM TO ?9K ONLY ! GOV]NM5T & LEAD]%IP ( ! ,P>TY %\LD HAVE ?AT RI<T :ILE AN>*I/S ?9K ALL %\LD4 ,UNLIKE ! EGALIT>IAN SUPPORT = FRE$OM & DISS5T = ALL AN>*I/S FAVOR1 ,L59I/S HAVE AN ELITI/ SUPPORT = ! RI<T ( ?OSE 9 P[] TO IGNORE ! WI%ES ( ?OSE !Y GOV]N4 ,! HI/ORY ( ,M>XI/S P>TIES 9 P[] EXPOSE ,CALL9ICOS AS A HYPOCRITE4 

,DEMOCRACY & ,FRE$OM 

,?AT IS NOT ALL4 ,CALL9ICOS' >GUM5T1 AGA9 TAK5 TO ITS LOGICAL CONCLUSION1 IMPLIES ! 5D ( ! FREE EXPRESSION ( 9DIVIDUALITY4 ,= EXAMPLE1 :O W\LD S]I\SLY DEF5D A SOCIETY ?AT 0DEMOCRATICALLY0 DECID$ ?AT1 SAY1 HOMOSEXUALS %\LD NOT BE ALL[$ TO ASSOCIATE FREELY8 ,OR ?AT 9T]-RACIAL M>RIAGE WAS AGA9/ 0,NATURAL ,LAW08 ,OR ?AT SOCIALI/S W]E DANG]\S SUBV]SIVES & %\LD BE BANN$8 ,HE W\LD1 WE HOPE 7LIKE ALL SANE PEOPLE71 RECOGNIZE ! RI<TS ( 9DIVIDUALS TO REBEL AGA9/ ! MAJORITY :5 ! MAJORITY VIOLATE ! SPIRIT ( ASSOCIATION1 ! SPIRIT ( FRE$OM & EQUALITY :I* %\LD GIVE DEMOCRACY ITS RATIONALE4 

,IF WE TAKE HIS COMM5TS S]I\SLY !N WE MU/ CONCLUDE ?AT ?OSE MEMB]S ( ! ,G]MAN 7& O!R7 ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRATIC ,P>TY :O OPPOS$ !IR P>TY'S ROLE 9 SUPPORT+ ! ,FIR/ ,WORLD ,W> W]E ACT+ 9 9APPROPRIATELY4 ,RA!R ?AN EXPRESS !IR OPPOSITION TO ! W> & ACT TO /OP IT1 ACCORD+ TO ?IS 0LOGIC0 !Y %\LD HAVE REMA9$ 9 !IR P>TY 7AFT] ALL1 LEAV+ ! P>TY MEANT IGNOR+ ! DEMOCRATIC DECISION ( A COLLECTIVE GR\P671 ACCEPT$ ! 0DEMOCRATICALLY-TAK5 MAJORITY DECISION0 & SUPPORT$ ! ,IMP]IALI/ SLAU<T] 9 ! NAME ( DEMOCRACY 79DE$1 MANY ( ! ANTI-W> M9ORITY W5T ALONG ) ! MAJORITY ( P>TY 9 ! NAME ( 0DISCIPL9E0 & 0DEMOCRATIC0 PR9CIPLES74 

,( C\RSE1 ,CALL9ICOS W\LD REJECT SU* POSITIONS -- 9 !SE CASES ! RI<TS ( M9ORITIES TAKE PREC$5CE OV] ! 0DEMOCRATICALLY-TAK5 MAJORITY DECISIONS B9D+ ON ALL 9VOLV$40 ,?IS IS BECAUSE ! MAJORITY IS NOT ALWAYS RI<T & IT IS ONLY ?R\< ! DISS5T ( 9DIVIDUALS & M9ORITIES ?AT ! OP9ION ( ! MAJORITY CAN BE MOV$ T[>DS ! RI<T ONE4 ,?US HIS COMM5TS >E FALLACI\S4 

,! ,TWO ,S\LS ( ,DEMOCRACY 

,! PROBLEM IS ?AT ,CALL9ICOS FAILS TO UND]/& ! RATIONALE = DEMOCRATIC DECISION MAK+ -- IT IS NOT BAS$ ON ! IDEA ?AT ! MAJORITY IS ALWAYS RI<T4 ,RA!R1 IT IS BAS$ ON ! IDEA ?AT 9DIVIDUAL FRE$OM REQUIRES DEMOCRACY TO EXPRESS & DEF5D ITSELF4 ,BY PLAC+ A VAGUELY DEF9$ COLLECTIVE ABOVE ! 9DIVIDUAL1 ,CALL9ICOS UND]M9ES DEMOCRACY & REPLACES IT ) LITTLE MORE ?AN TYRANNY BY ! MAJORITY 7OR1 MORE LIKELY1 ?OSE :O CLAIM TO REPRES5T ! MAJORITY74 

,SIMPLY PUT1 ,M>XISM 7AS ,CALL9ICOS PRES5TS IT H]E7 FLIES 9 ! FACE ( H[ SOCIETIES *ANGE & DEVELOP4 ,NEW IDEAS />T ) 9DIVIDUALS & M9ORITIES & SPREAD BY >GUM5T & BY =CE ( EXAMPLE4 ,PROGRESS IS DET]M9$ BY ?OSE :O DISS5T & REBEL AGA9/ ! /ATUS QUO & ! DECISIONS ( ! MAJORITY4 ,?AT IS :Y AN>*I/S SUPPORT ! RI<T ( DISS5T 9 SELF-MANAG$ GR\PS -- 9 FACT1 DISS5T1 REFUSAL1 REVOLT BY 9DIVIDUALS & M9ORITIES IS A KEY ASPECT ( SELF-MANAGEM5T 7& ( ! CLASS /RUGGLE & ( REVOLUTION1 BO? EXPRESSIONS ( SELF-MANAGEM5T74 ,?AT IS ALSO :Y AN>*I/S /RESS F$]ALISM & DIRECT ACTION4 ,ADVANC$ GR\PS CANNOT BE HELD BACK BY ! 9]TIA ( ! MASS4 ,9DE$1 ?AT 9]TIA CAN ONLY BE OV]COME BY ! EXAMPLE ( M9ORITIES TAK+ ! 9ITIATIVE & %[+ ! RE/ :AT IS POSSIBLE4 ,)\T ! ACTIONS ( M9ORITIES1 A REVOLUTION IS IMPOSSIBLE AS MASS ACTION IS ALWAYS 9ITIAT$ BY !M4 ,M9ORITY ACTION IS1 !RE=E1 JU/IFI$ 9 SO F> AS IT 5C\RAGES ! MAJORITY TO COPY ITS EXAMPLE4 ,IT IS NOT JU/IFI$ IF IT IS PURELY A SUB/ITUTION = SU* MASS ACTION )\T HOPE ( 5C\RAG+ O!RS TO REVOLT4 ,?AT IS ! REAL BASIS TO CRITICIZE M9ORITY ACTIONS1 NOT ,CALL9ICOS' FALLACI\S ONE4 

,AN>*ISM & ,DEMOCRACY 

,AN>*ISM FAVORS FRE$OM & ?AT IMPLIES TWO ?+S -- 9DIVIDUAL LIB]TY & SELF-MANAGEM5T 7DIRECT DEMOCRACY7 9 FREE ASSOCIATIONS4 ,ANY =M ( 0DEMOCRACY0 NOT BAS$ ON 9DIVIDUAL FRE$OM1 AS ,CALL9ICOS PROVES1 W\LD BE SO CONTRADICTORY AS TO BE USELESS AS A MEANS TO HUMAN FRE$OM4 ,& VICE V]SA1 WE MU/ /RESS1 ANY =M ( 09DIVIDUAL FRE$OM0 -- SU* A LIB]ALISM -- :I* D5IES SELF-MANAGEM5T W\LD BE LITTLE MORE ?AN A JU/IFICATION = M9ORITY RULE & A D5IAL ( HUMAN FRE$OM4 

,AN>*ISM1 WE /RESS1 DOES NOT REJECT DEMOCRATIC DECISION MAK+1 ORGANIZ$ /RUCTURES1 COLLECTIVE ACTION & SO ON4 ,IT IS OBVI\S ?AT 9DIVIDUALS MU/ WORK TOGE!R 9 ORD] TO LEAD A FULLY HUMAN LIFE & /RUGGLE AGA9/ CAPITALISM1 ! /ATE & HI]>*Y4 ,& SO1 0.<H.>AV+ TO JO9 ) O!RS HUMANS 444 .<! 9DIVIDUAL HAS ?REE OPTIONS.> HE .<OR %E.> MU/ SUBMIT TO ! WILL ( O!RS 7BE 5SLAV$7 OR SUBJECT O!RS TO HIS WILL 7BE 9 AU?ORITY7 OR LIVE ) O!RS 9 FRAT]NAL AGREEM5T 9 ! 9T]E/S ( ! GREATE/ GOOD ( ALL 7BE AN ASSOCIATE74 ,NOBODY CAN ESCAPE FROM ?IS NECESSITY40 .<,]RICO ,MALATE/A1 ,! ,AN>*I/ ,REVOLUTION1 P4 #h#e.> 

,AN>*I/S OBVI\SLY PICK ! LA/ OPTION1 ASSOCIATION1 AS ! ONLY MEANS BY :I* 9DIVIDUALS CAN WORK TOGE!R AS FREE & EQUAL HUMAN BE+S1 RESPECT+ ! UNIQU5ESS & LIB]TY ( ONE ANO!R4 ,ONLY )9 DIRECT DEMOCRACY CAN 9DIVIDUALS EXPRESS !MSELVES1 PRACTICE CRITICAL ?\<T & SELF-GOV]NM5T1 SO DEVELOP+ !IR 9TELLECTUAL & E?ICAL CAPACITIES TO ! FULL4 ,9 %ORT1 TO BE FREE4 ,9 T]MS ( 9CREAS+ AN 9DIVIDUAL'S FRE$OM & !IR 9TELLECTUAL1 E?ICAL & SOCIAL FACULTIES1 IT IS F> BETT] TO BE SOMETIMES 9 A M9ORITY ?AN BE SUBJECT TO ! WILL ( A BOSS ALL ! TIME4 ,9 O!R WORDS1 SELF-MANAGEM5T GA9S ITS RATIONALE FROM 9DIVIDUAL FRE$OM -- IT IS ! MEANS BY :I* 9DIVIDUALS CAN EXPRESS !MSELVES )9 GR\PS & MAKE COLLECTIVE DECISIONS :ILE MA9TA9+ !IR LIB]TY4 

,! ,TROTSKYI/ VISION ( 0DEMOCRACY0 IS1 AS CAN BE SEE1 DIFF]5T4 ,IT IS SE5 PURELY AS A MEANS ( PLAC+ ! P>TY 9TO P[]4 ,?US P[] 9 SOCIETY %IFTS TO ! TOP1 TO ! LEAD]S ( ! C5TRALIZ$ P>TY 9 *>GE ( ! C5TRALIZ$ /ATE4 ,! WORK]S' BECOME M]E ELECTORS RA!R ?AN ACTUAL CONTROLL]S ( ! REVOLUTION & >E EXPECT$ TO C>RY \T ! ORD]S ( ! P>TY )\T COMM5T 7AS !Y >E 0B9D+ ON ALL 9VOLV$0 AS ! P>TY WAS DEMOCRATICALLY ELECT$74 ,9 O!R WORDS1 A DECID$LY B\RGEOIS VISION ( 0DEMOCRACY40 ,AN>*I/S1 9 CONTRA/1 SEEK TO DISSOLVE P[] BACK 9TO ! H&S ( SOCIETY & EMP[] ! 9DIVIDUAL BY GIV+ !M A DIRECT SAY 9 ! REVOLUTION ?R\< !IR WORKPLACE & COMMUNITY ASSEMBLIES & !IR C\NCILS & CONF]5CES4 

,H5CE1 AN>*ISM RA!R ?AN ,TROTSKYISM BASES ITSELF ON ! 0EFFECTIVE ACTION0 ?AT RESULTS FROM 0DEMOCRATICALLY-TAK5 MAJORITY DECISIONS40 ,?IS IS BECAUSE ONLY AN>*ISM RECOGNIZES ! RELATION%IPS BETWE5 9DIVIDUAL LIB]TY & SELF-MANAG$ GR\PS1 LOCAL ACTION & CO-ORD9ATION & ! NECESSITY ( WORK+ FROM ! BOTTOM-UP 9 F$]ATIONS RA!R ?AN FROM ! TOP-D[N 9 C5TRALIZ$ BODIES4 

,L59ISM REPRES5TS ONE SIDE ( DEMOCRACY1 ! =MAL1 ,LOCKEAN1 ELITI/ SIDE BAS$ ON ! NOTION ?AT ELECT+ A GOV]NM5T EQUALS 0DEMOCRACY40 ,AN>*I/S1 ON ! O!R H&1 REPRES5T ! O!R SIDE ( DEMOCRACY1 ! FUNCTIONAL1 DIRECTLY DEMOCRATIC SIDE1 ! SIDE EXPRESS$ :5 OPPRESS$ PEOPLE TAKE MANAGEM5T ( !IR [N AFFAIRS DIRECTLY 9 ASSOCIATIONS CREAT$ 9 ! CLASS /RUGGLE4 ,! SIDE ?AT EXPRESS$ ITSELF 9 ! SECTIONS ( ! ,FR5* ,REVOLUTION1 ! SOLDI] & FACTORY COMMITTEES ( ! ,RUSSIAN REVOLUTION1 ! SELF-MANAG$ UNIONS & COLLECTIVES ( ,SPANI% AN>*ISM1 /RIK]S ASSEMBLIES & SO ON ALL ?R\< HI/ORY4 ,PRECISELY ?OSE K9DS ( FUNCTIONAL DEMOCRACY ?AT ! ,BOL%EVIKS ELIM9AT$ 9 ! NAME ( =MAL DEMOCRACY4 

,EPILOGUE 

,( C\RSE ,TROTSKYI/S LIKE ,CALL9ICOS TRY TO BLAME ! DE/RUCTION ( DEMOCRACY 9 ,RUSSIA ON ! ,CIVIL ,W> & NOT ! POLITICS ( ! ,BOL%EVIKS4 ,H[EV]1 AS 9DICAT$1 ! UND]M9+ ( DEMOCRACY />T$ BE=E ! CIVIL W> />T$ & CONT9U$ AFT] IT HAD F9I%$4 ,! CLAIM ?AT ! 0WORK+ CLASS0 HAD BE5 DE/ROY$ BY ! W> CANNOT JU/IFY ! FACT ?AT ATTEMPTS BY WORK+ CLASS PEOPLE TO EXPRESS !MSELVES W]E SY/EMATICALLY UND]M9$ BY ! ,BOL%EVIK P>TY4 ,NOR DOES ! NOTION ( AN 0EXHAU/$0 OR 0DISAPPE>$0 WORK+ CLASS MAKE MU* S5SE :5 09 ! E>LY P>T ( #a#i#b#a1 A SPONTANE\S /RIKE MOVEM5T 444 TOOK PLACE 9 ! 9DU/RIAL C5T]S ( ,EUROPEAN ,RUSSIA0 & /RIKES 9VOLV+ >\ND #dc # P] YE> TOOK PLACE BETWE5 #aiba & #a#i#b#e4 .<,SAMUEL ,F>B]1 ,OP4 ,CIT41 P4 #h#h.> ,:ILE IT IS UND5IABLE ?AT ! WORK+ CLASS WAS R$UC$ 9 NUMB]S BECAUSE ( ! CIVIL W>1 IT CANNOT BE SAID TO HAVE BE5 TOTALLY 0EXHAU/$0 &1 OBVI\SLY1 DID SURVIVE ! W> & WAS MORE ?AN CAPABLE ( COLLECTIVE ACTION & DECISION MAK+4 ,/RIKES1 AS ,BAKUN9 >GU$1 09DICATE A C]TA9 COLLECTIVE /R5G?0 & SO RA!R ?AN !RE BE+ OBJECTIVE REASONS = ! LACK ( DEMOCRACY UND] ,L59 WE CAN SUGGE/ POLITICAL REASONS -- ! AW>5ESS ?AT1 GIV5 ! *OICE1 ! ,RUSSIAN WORK+ CLASS W\LD HAVE PREF]R$ SOMEONE ELSE 9 P[]6 

,ALSO1 WE MU/ PO9T \T A C]TA9 +5UITY 9 ! USUAL ,TROTSKYI/ >GUM5T ?AT ,/AL9ISM CAN BE EXPLA9$ PURELY BY ! T]RIBLE CIVIL W> ,RUSSIA EXP]I5C$4 ,AFT] ALL1 ,L59 HIMSELF /AT$ ?AT EV]Y 0REVOLUTION 4441 9 ITS DEVELOPM5T1 W\LD GIVE RISE TO EXCEPTIONALLY COMPLICAT$ CIRCUM/ANCES0 & 0.<R.>EVOLUTION IS ! %>PE/1 MO/ FURI\S1 DESP]ATE CLASS W> & CIVIL W>4 ,NOT A S+LE GREAT REVOLUTION 9 HI/ORY HAS ESCAP$ CIVIL W>4 ,NO ONE :O DOES NOT LIVE 9 A %ELL C\LD IMAG9E ?AT CIVIL W> IS CONCEIVABLE )\T EXCEPTIONALLY COMPLICAT$ CIRCUM/ANCES40 .<,WILL ! ,BOL%EVIKS ,MA9TA9 ,P[]81 P4 #h & P4 #h#a.> ,L59'S COMM5T RAISES AN IMPORTANT QUE/ION ) REG>DS ,BOL%EVISM4 ,IF ! ,BOL%EVIK POLITICAL & ORGANIZATIONAL =M CANNOT SURVIVE DUR+ A P]IOD ( DISRUPTION & COMPLICAT$ CIRCUM/ANCES !N IT IS CLE>LY A !ORY TO BE AVOID$ AT ALL CO/S4 

,FROM 3 ,!,AN>*I/,LIBR>Y4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,FEBRU>Y #b1 #bba 3 ,AU?ORIT>IANS1 VANGU>DS & 0ANTI-CAPITALI/0 MOVEM5TS -- ,ADD$4 
,JANU>Y #g1 #bbb 3 ,AU?ORIT>IANS1 VANGU>DS & 0ANTI-CAPITALI/0 MOVEM5TS -- ,UPDAT$4 

 FILE G5]AT$ FROM 3  
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