,AU?ORITY & ,DEMOCRACY 9 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES ,PEOPLE 3 ,AU?OR 3 ,PAUL ,MATTICK ,TEXT 3 ,PUBLI%$3 ,ROOT & ,BRAN*1 VOL4 #g1 PP4 #a-#a#d & #b#g-#b#h4 #a#i#g#i4 ,S\RCE3 ,LIBCOM4 ,TRANSCRIPTION_/,M>KUP = ,M>XI/S ,9T]NET ,>*IVE3 ,MICAH ,MU]1 #b#a#h4 ,REFLECT+ ON ! ,NEW ,DEAL1 ,FRANKL9 ,ROOSEVELT ONCE SAID ?AT HIS GOV]NM5T 0HAS DONE EV]Y?+ ?AT ,HITL] HAS DONE1 BUT BY O!R MEANS04 ,!SE O!R MEANS1 H[EV]1 W]E NOT ABLE TO OV]COME ! ,GREAT ,DEPRESSION :I* OCCASION$ ! L>GE-SCALE GOV]NM5TAL 9T]V5TIONS 9 ! ,AM]ICAN ECONOMY4 ,IT WAS F9ALLY ONLY ! RESORT TO ,HITL]IAN MEANS -- ?AT IS1 P>TICIPATION 9 ! IMP]IALI/ W> -- :I* OV]CAME ! UNREL5T+ CRISIS4 ,/ILL1 ! 9T]NAL SITUATION 9 ,AM]ICA DIFF]$ GREATLY FROM ?OSE PREVAIL+ 9 ! FASCI/ NATIONS4 ,! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES REMA9$ DEMOCRATIC1 NOT ONLY IDEOLOGICALLY1 BUT ALSO PRACTICALLY1 ) AN ABS5CE ( T]RORI/IC MEASURES4 ,A SOCIAL CONS5SUS & AN EFFICI5T PROSECUTION ( ! W> C\LD BE ASSUR$ )\T MU* 9T]F]5CE 9 ! CU/OM>Y SOCIAL & POLITICAL 9/ITUTIONS4 ,TO BE SURE1 !RE W]E SOME VIOLATIONS ( CIVIL LIB]TIES SU* AS ! 9C>C]ATION 9 CONC5TRATION CAMPS ( ,AM]ICANS ( ,JAPANESE EXTRACTION4 ,BUT BY & L>GE ! >BITR>Y DISCRIM9ATORY ACTIONS ON ! P>T ( GOV]NM5T W]E NOT COMP>ABLE TO ! DICTATORIAL POLICIES ( ! TOTALIT>IAN REGIMES4 ,! MANUFACTUR$ MASS HY/]IA ( ,WORLD ,W> ,I REAPPE>$1 ( C\RSE1 BUT 9 A MORE SUBDU$ FA%ION4 ,! ACTUAL \TBREAK ( ! W> UNIT$ 9T]V5TIONI/S & ISOLATIONI/S BEH9D !IR W>-HAPPY GOV]NM5T4 ,! ACQUIESC5CE ( ! POPULATION WAS OBVI\S & 9 P>T BAS$1 NO D\BT1 ON ! 9TUITIVE RECOGNITION ?AT ! W> W\LD BR+ ! DEPRESSION TO AN 5D4 ,EM]G+ \T ( ECONOMIC CRISIS1 FASCISM WAS AN ATTEMPT TO SECURE ! ?REAT5$ CAPITALI/ SY/EM BY POLITICAL & ORGANIZATIONAL MEANS4 ,!SE MEANS W]E NECESS>ILY DIRECT$ AGA9/ ! 9T]E/S ( ! WORK+ CLASS1 9 ORD] TO CREATE ! PRECONDITIONS = NEW IMP]IALI/IC ADV5TURES4 ,?IS 9VOLV$ ! DE/RUCTION ( ! RELATIVE 9DEP5D5CE ( ! EXI/+ LABOR ORGANIZATIONS1 SO AS TO E/ABLI% ?AT DEGREE ( CLASS COLLABORATION & NATIONAL UNITY REQUIR$ = A POLITICAL SOLUTION ( ! CRISIS AT ! EXP5SE ( O!R NATIONS4 ,A REPETITION ( ! VOLUNT>Y ACCEPTANCE ( ! IMP]IALI/ IMP]ATIVE BY ! LABOR MOVEM5T1 AS DUR+ ,WORLD ,W> ,I1 C\LD NOT BE EXPECT$ UND] ! PREVAIL+ CRISIS CONDITIONS1 *>ACT]IZ$ AS !Y W]E BY AN 9T5SIFICATION ( ! CLASS /RUGGLE4 ,A NEW IDEOLOGY1 APP>5TLY DIRECT$ AGA9/ BO? ! W>R+ CLASSES1 HAD TO BE BR\TICUL>ITIES :I* HAVE DI/+UI%$ ! DEVELOPM5T ( CAPITALISM 9 ,AM]ICA FROM ?AT 9 O!R CAPITALI/ C\NTRIES4 ,AL?\< 9T]RUPT$ BY CRISES & DEPRESSIONS1 ,AM]ICAN CAPITALISM UNFOLD$ PROGRESSIVELY1 UNTIL ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES BECAME ! MO/ ADVANC$ & ! /RONGE/ CAPITALI/ P[]4 ,IT BECAME !RE) LESS SUSCEPTIBLE ?AN O!RS TO ! =MATION ( ANTI-CAPITALI/ MOVEM5TS1 = IT PROV$ ABLE AT ! SAME TIME TO ACCUMULATE CAPITAL RAPIDLY & TO IMPROVE ! LIV+ /&>DS ( ! GREAT MASS ( ITS POPULATION4 ,TO A LESS] EXT5T1 ?IS WAS TRUE ALSO = ! ,EUROPEAN NATIONS1 YET ! V]Y RISE ( CAPITALISM !RE WAS ACCOMPANI$ BY A F> MORE 9T5SE EXPLOITATION & A GREAT] MIS]Y ( ! WORK+ POPULATION ?AN WAS ! CASE 9 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES4 ,AT ANY RATE1 ! SPECIFIC ,EUROPEAN CONDITIONS L$ TO ! =MATION ( SOCIALI/ IDEOLOGIES & ORGANIZATIONS1 :I* P]SI/$ EV5 AFT] CONDITIONS BEGAN TO IMPROVE4 ,WE WILL NOT DWELL H]E UPON ! RA!R COMPLEX REASONS :I* H9D]$ ! DEVELOPM5T ( SOCIALI/ MOVEM5TS 9 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES1 BUT M]ELY REGI/] ! ABS5CE ( SU* MOVEM5TS AS A SPECIFIC ,AM]ICAN *>ACT]I/IC4 ,?IS IS NOT CONTRADICT$ BY ! SPORADIC APPE>ANCE & DISAPPE>ANCE ( SOCIALI/ & SYNDICALI/ ORGANIZATIONS1 :I*1 AT TIMES1 AGITAT$ BO? ! B\RGEOISIE & ! WORK+ CLASS4 ,!SE ORGANIZATIONS DID NOT REPRES5T ! REAL ASPIRATIONS ( ! MASS ( ! WORK+ POPULATION1 :I* WAS RESIGN$ TO ACCEPT ! CAPITALI/ SY/EM AS ITS [N4 ,! ONLY MOVEM5T :I* A*IEV$ SOME SOCIAL SIGNIFICANCE WAS TRADE-UNIONISM3 ! UTILIZATION ( ! LABOR M>KET = ! IMPROVEM5T ( WAGES & WORK+ CONDITIONS )9 ! -- UN*ALL5G$ -- CAPITALI/ RELATIONS ( PRODUCTION4 ,IT HAD NO POLITICAL AMBITIONS BUT WAS HAPPY ) ! CONDITIONS ( DEMOCRACY 9 ITS ,AM]ICAN =M1 ?AT IS1 ! TWO-P>TY SY/EM1 :I* PROVID$ NO MORE ?AN ! SEMBLANCE ( DEMOCRACY 9 ITS TRADITIONAL ,EUROPEAN S5SE4 ,POLITICS WAS LEFT TO ! RUL+ CLASS1 AS A MATT] ( RESOLV+ ?OSE DIFF]5CES )9 ! B\RGEOIS CAMP :I* DO NOT IMP+E UPON ITS COMMON NE$S4 ,! ILLUSION >OSE NONE!LESS ?AT POLITICAL FRICTIONS )9 ! B\RGEOISIE PROVID$ A LEV] = ! WORK+ CLASS TO AFFECT POLICY BY SID+ ) EI!R ONE OR ! O!R ( ! B\RGEOIS P>TIES4 ,A K9D ( BLACKMAIL POLITICS TOOK ! PLACE ( ! POLITICAL CLASS /RUGGLE4 ,! LACK ( POLITICAL 9ITIATIVE ON ! P>T ( ,AM]ICAN LABOR1 REFLECT$ 9 ! APOLITICAL NATURE ( ! TRADE & 9DU/RIAL UNIONS1 L$ TO ! COMPLETE IDEOLOGICAL 9TEGRATION ( !SE ORGANIZATIONS 9TO ! CAPITALI/ SY/EM4 ,( C\RSE1 JU/ AS CAPITAL COMPETITION CONT9UES )9 ! G5]AL TR5D ( ITS CONC5TRATION & C5TRALIZATION1 SO ! FI5T COMMUNITY ( LABOR & CAPITAL4 ,IT IS A /RUGGLE = %>ES ( ! SOCIAL PRODUCT BR\E PREP>$ TO FIDS1 OR EV5 = A L>G] %>E ( ! PIE1 BUT )9 -- NOT AGA9/ -- ! CAPITALI/ SY/EM4 ,! WAGE /RUGGLES >E C>RI$ ON1 (T5 ) GREAT MILITANCY1 9 ! BELIEF ?AT ! CAPITALI/ SY/EM IS CAPABLE ( DO+ JU/ICE TO BO? LABOR & CAPITAL4 ,& ) A RAPID RATE ( CAPITAL ACCUMULATION1 IMPLY+ ! 9CREAS+ PRODUCTIVITY ( LABOR1 BO? PR(ITS & WAGES MAY RISE1 IF ONLY 9 UNEQUAL MEASURE4 ,IT IS !N ! EXP]I5CE ( ! PA/1 :I* /ILL DET]M9ES ! ATTITUDE ( ,AM]ICAN LABOR ) RESPECT TO ! CAPITALI/ SY/EM4 ,ONLY A M9ORITY ( ,AM]ICAN WORK]S >E UNIONIZ$ & ! UNIONS !MSELVES V>Y GREATLY ) RESPECT TO !IR B>GA9+ P[] & ! *>ACT] ( !IR BUREAUCRACIES4 ,BUT ALL EXCLUDE EFFECTIVE CONTROL ON ! P>T ( !IR MEMB]%IP2 :I* IS TO SAY1 ! WORK]S ACCEPT ! UNIONS 9 ! SAME S5SE 9 :I* !Y ACCEPT ,AM]ICAN CAPITALISM AS A :OLE4 ,) ! LEGALIZATION & 9/ITUTIONALIZATION ( ! UNIONS1 :I* DATES BACK TO ! ,NEW ,DEAL ( ! ,GREAT ,DEPRESSION1 0ORGANIZ$ LABOR0 ITSELF BECAME A P>T ( ! SY/EM1 CONFRONT+ ! WORK]S AS AN OBJECTIVE REALITY \TSIDE !IR [N CONTROL4 ,UNION DUES >E PAID 9 ! SAME SPIRIT AS TAXES >E PAID1 BUT !RE IS NEI!R A WAY TO1 NOR AS YET A DEM& TO1 P>TICIPATE 9 UNION AFFAIRS4 ,EV]Y?+ IS LEFT TO ! BUREAUCRACIES1 JU/ AS POLITICS IS LEFT TO ! B\RGEOISIE4 ,9 BO? CASES ! DEMOCRATIC =MS >E (T5 MA9TA9$1 ( C\RSE1 VIA ELECTIONS & REF]5DA1 BUT !Y DO NOT AFFECT ! AU?ORIT>IAN CONTROLS ( EI!R GOV]NM5TS OR UNIONS4 ,! P]SONNEL MAY *ANGE2 ! SY/EM REMA9S ! SAME4 ,! CONC5TRATION & C5TRALIZATION ( CAPITAL 9 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES HAS PROGRESS$ TO A PO9T :]E ! SPECIFIC 9T]E/S ( ! BIG CORPORATIONS DET]M9E ! DE/9Y ( ! SY/EM AS A :OLE4 ,IT WAS NO JOKE :5 IT WAS SAID ?AT 0:AT IS GOOD = ,G5]AL ,MOTORS IS GOOD = ,AM]ICA01 = IT DOES DEP5D ON ! =TUNES ( ,G5]AL ,MOTORS1 & ON ?OSE ( ALL ! O!R SIMIL> CORPORATIONS1 :E!R ! ECONOMY EXP&S OR CONTRACTS4 ,9 ?IS SITUATION1 ! /ATE IS ! /ATE ( ! CORPORATIONS & DEP5DS ON !IR PR(ITABILITY4 ,:ATEV] DIFF]5CES MAY HAVE EXI/$ BETWE5 /ATE & CAPITAL1 !Y HAVE S9CE LONG BE5 DISSOLV$2 ! /ATE IS NOT A M]E TOOL ( ! RUL+ CLASS1 ! LATT] IS ALSO ! /ATE4 ,IT IS = ?IS REASON ?AT ! PEOPLE 9 GOV]NM5T (FICE1 OR ANY PUBLIC (FICE1 NE$ NOT BE PRESSUR$ BY ! BIG CORPORATIONS TO DO !IR BIDD+2 !Y DO SO ON !IR [N ACCORD4 ,MOREOV]1 ! P]SONNEL ( /ATE & CAPITAL >E 9T]*ANGEABLE2 CORPORATION MANAG]S 5T] GOV]NM5T S]VICE1 :ILE /ATE (FICIALS MOVE 9TO ! MANAGEM5T ( CORPORATIONS4 ,IF GOV]NM5T & CAPITAL >E ONE & ! SAME1 ?IS 5TITY F9DS ITS SUPPORT 9 ! ,S5ATE & ! ,H\SE ( ,REPRES5TATIVES4 ,DEMOCRATICALLY ELECT$1 ! CONGRESSM5 HAVE BE5 *OS5 TO UPHOLD ! CAPITALI/ SY/EM & ITS /ATE4 ,!Y DO SO NOT ONLY \T ( CONVICTION1 BUT ALSO BECAUSE ( !IR DIRECT CAPITALI/IC 9T]E/S4 ,AS1 ACCORD+ TO ,CALV9 ,COOLIDGE1 0! BUS9ESS ( ,AM]ICA IS BUS9ESS01 POLITICS ITSELF IS SE5 AS JU/ ANO!R MONEY-MAK+ 5T]PRISE1 TO BE SUPPLEM5T$ BY BRAN*+ \T 9TO O!R BUS9ESSES1 OR BY MA9TA9+ ?OSE ALREADY 5GAG$ 94 ,! ,NEW ,YORK ,TIMES ( #h ,MAY #ai< REPORT$ A COMPUT]IZ$ /UDY ( ! P]SONAL F9ANCIAL 9T]E/S ( ALMO/ ALL ! MEMB]S ( ,CONGRESS1 :I* DEMON/RAT$ ?AT !SE PEOPLE >E ALSO 9VE/ORS 9 ALL SORTS ( 5T]PRISES1 (T5 US+ !IR (FICIAL POSITIONS TO ADVANCE !IR BUS9ESS 9T]E/S4 ,AS ! 9=MATION ON :I* ! /UDY WAS BAS$ WAS SUPPLI$ BY ! CONGRESSM51 ! DATA W]E ( C\RSE UND]/ATEM5TS S]V+ TO DI/RACT ATT5TION FROM OR CONCEAL !IR TRUE BUT UNASC]TA9ABLE F9ANCIAL HOLD+S4 ,= \R PURPOSE1 H[EV]1 ! /UDY SUB/ANTIATES ! FACT ?AT ! REPRES5TATIVES ( ! PEOPLE >E ALSO CAPITALI/S :O SECURE !IR PRIVILEGES ?R\< ! DEMOCRATIC PROCESS4 ,! RELEGATION ( ALL DECISIVE ECONOMIC & POLITICAL P[] TO ! H&S ( CAPITAL & ITS GOV]NM5T HAS NOT AS YET DE/ROY$ ! MY? ( ,AM]ICAN DEMOCRACY4 ,PEOPLE CAN VOTE1 & ?OSE :O VOTE -- AB\T HALF1 OR LESS1 ( ! ELIGIBLE POPULATION -- CAN EX*ANGE A ,DEMOCRATIC ADM9I/RATION & PRESID5CY = A ,REPUBLICAN ADM9I/RATION & PRESID5CY2 ?AT IS1 !Y CAN EX*ANGE ONE SET ( PEOPLE = ANO!R1 EQUALLY DET]M9$ TO MA9TA9 ! SY/EM :I*1 9 TURN1 DET]M9ES ! RANGE ( !IR [N ACTIVITIES4 ,?US1 AL?\< BIG BUS9ESS DOM9ATES ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES & CANNOT BE DISLODG$ %ORT ( DE/ROY+ ! CAPITALI/ SY/EM ITSELF1 IT CONT9UES TO DRESS ITS AU?ORIT>IAN RULE 9 DEMOCRATIC G>B4 ,9 FACT1 ! MORE ! IDEOLOGY ( DEMOCRACY IS N\RI%$1 ! LESS BE>+ IT HAS UPON REALITY4 ,ORIG9ALLY1 POLITICAL DEMOCRACY WAS ! GOAL ( ! EM]G+ CAPITALI/ CLASS & CAME TO EXPRESS ! POLITICAL ASPECTS ( CAPITALI/ COMPETITION1 )\T EV] CONC]N+ ITSELF ) ! EXPLOITATIVE CLASS RELATIONS UPON :I* ! :OLE CAPITALI/ $IFICE RE/S4 ,9 ! ,EUROPEAN NATIONS1 ! ILLUSION NEV]!LESS >OSE ?AT B\RGEOIS DEMOCRACY C\LD BE UTILIZ$ BY ! LABOR+ CLASS TO ALLEVIATE ITS LOT )9 ! CAPITALI/ SY/EM & C\LD1 P]HAPS1 EV5 ALL[ = ! =MATION ( SOCIALI/ICALLY-9CL9$ GOV]NM5TS & ?US EXT5D DEMOCRACY 9TO ! SOCIO-ECONOMIC SPH]E4 ,9 ,AM]ICA1 H[EV]1 AS WE HAVE SE51 ?IS ILLUSION NEV] >OSE1 & ! PRIVATE-PROP]TY RELATIONS ( CAPITALISM REMA9$ G5]ALLY SACROSANCT4 ,?IS HAS NOT *ANG$ DESPITE ! TRANS=MATION ( A DOM9ANTLY COMPETITIVE CAPITALISM 9TO ?AT ( ! L>GE CORPORATION & ! MONOPOLIZATION ( CAPITAL1 :I* EV5 PRECLUDES POLITICAL DEMOCRACY 9 ! ORD9>Y B\RGEOIS S5SE ( ! T]M4 ,9 ,AM]ICA DEMOCRACY BEG9S & 5DS ) ! BALLOT-BOX4 ,BUT IT IS ALSO P]CEIV$ AS 9VOLV+ FREE SPEE*1 FREE ASSEMBLY1 & FRE$OM ( ! PRESS4 ,G5]ALLY1 !RE IS NO 9T]F]5CE ) !SE CIVIL LIB]TIES1 = !Y >E NOT MADE USE ( 9 OPPOSITION TO ! CAPITALI/ SY/EM4 ,:AT OPPOSITION FL>ES UP FROM TIME TO TIME DEM&S IMPROVEM5TS ( ! SY/EM1 NOT ITS ABOLITION1 SU* AS CLEAN GOV]NM5T1 L[] TAXES1 CIVIL RIE NOT RAIS$ BY ! WORK]S BUT BY ! MIDDLE CLASS1 & EXPRESS ITS P>TICUL> FRU/RATIONS4 ,) !IR UPW>D MOBILITY 9CREAS+LY RE/RICT$1 & !IR UNHAPP9ESS AT SUBM]G+ 9TO ! WORK+ CLASS1 !Y IMAG9E ! POSSIBILITY ( A WELL-FUNCTION+ CAPITALISM1 CAPABLE ( SATISFY+ ALL SOCIAL LAY]S4 ,!Y HAVE TAK5 UP ! OPPORTUNISM & RE=MISM :I*1 9 ! ,EUROPEAN NATIONS1 TRANS=M$ ! *>ACT] ( ! LABOR MOVEM5T4 ,COMP>$ ) ! WELF>E IDEOLOGY ( ! LIB]AL P>T ( ! MIDDLE CLASS1 ! ,AM]ICAN WORK]S APPE> REACTION>Y1 BY DISPLAY+ NO 9T]E/ 9 SOCIAL AFFAIRS EXCEPT ) REG>D TO !IR WAGES4 ,! OP9IONS ( ! POLITICALLY CONSCI\S ELEM5TS ( ! MIDDLE CLASS >E !RE=E DE/9$ TO BE VOICES 9 ! WILD]NESS4 ,! K9DS ( POLITICS C>RI$ ON BY ELEM5TS ( ! MIDDLE CLASS DO NOT TRANSC5D ! CAPITALI/ SY/EM4 ,EV5 9 !IR LIMIT$ S5SE1 !Y REMA9 PURELY IDEOLOGICAL1 S9CE !RE IS NO MAT]IAL =CE BEH9D !M4 ,/ILL1 AS LONG AS !Y >E ALL[$ TO ASS]T !MSELVES1 DEMOCRACY APPE>S AS A REALITY ) SOME EFFECT ON ! C\RSE ( EV5TS4 ,?IS ILLUSION SUPPORTS ! MONOLI?IC RULE ( CAPITAL4 ,!RE IS !N NO NE$ TO REMOVE ! DEMOCRATIC SAFEGU>D1 EV5 IF ?IS %\LD PROVE 9CONV5I5T AT TIMES4 ,9 ANY CASE1 IT DOES NOT REPRES5T A DANG] ?AT C\LD NOT BE MET BY ! ORD9>Y MEANS ( GOV]NM5T OPPRESSION4 ,! DEMOCRATIC =MS >E ?US MA9TA9$ AS AN ASSET RA!R ?AN A LIABILITY ( CAPITALI/IC RULE1 YET KEPT 9 B\NDS BY ! *ANG+ NE$S ( ! LATT]4 ,?IS (T5 LEADS TO VIOL5CE1 BAS$1 ON ! ONE SIDE1 ON ! ILLUSION ?AT IT IS POSSIBLE TO DIV]T ! GOV]NM5T FROM A P>TICUL> C\RSE ( ACTION ?R\< ! ASS]TION ( DEMOCRATIC RIY ABROGATION ( DEMOCRATIC RIRI$ ! G]M ( DISCONT5T 9TO ! ,AM]ICAN FABRIC4 ,TO MAKE ! WORLD 0SAFE = DEMOCRACY0 REQUIR$ !N ! SIMULTANE\S PURSUIT ( ! 9T]NAL & ( ! EXT]NAL 5EMIES ( DEMOCRACY & !RE=E ( ,AM]ICAN CAPITALISM4 ,EV5 ORD9>Y WAGE-/RUGGLES W]E (T5 D5\NC$ AS ! WORK ( =EIGN AGITATORS1 B5T ON UND]M9+ ,AM]ICAN DEMOCRACY4 ,DESPITE ! ACTUAL 9SIGNIFICANCE ( !SE POLITICAL CURR5TS1 LAWS W]E PASS$ AGA9/ AN>*ISM1 SYNDICALISM1 & BOL%EVISM4 ,EV5 ! DEMOCRATIC ,SOCIALI/ ,P>TY F\ND ITSELF \TLAW$ DUR+ ,WORLD ,W> ,I2 ALL 9 ! NAME ( ,AM]ICAN DEMOCRACY4 ,FASCISM1 W]E IT TO COME TO ,AM]ICA1 W\LD NOT REQUIRE POPUL> P>TICIPATION AS IT DID 9 ,EUROPE4 ,IT W\LD MO/ PROBABLY BE CALL$ ANTI-FASCISM1 AS ! ,AM]ICAN FASCI/ ,HUEY ,LONG SUPPOS$LY ASS]T$1 OR SIMPLY #a.0 ,AM]ICANISM4 ,)\T POPUL> P>TICIPATION1 !RE W\LD ALSO BE NO OPPOSITION2 IT W\LD BE A MATT] 5TIRELY ( ! GOV]NM5T'S DECISION4 ,REPRESSIVE MEASURES C\LD BE 9TRODUC$ )9 ! FRAMEWORK ( ,AM]ICAN DEMOCRACY1 PRES]V+ ITS =MS :ILE EMPTY+ !M ( ALL !IR CONT5T4 ,! RUL+ CLASS1 9 %ORT1 HAS MANAG$ TO GA9 TOTALIT>IAN CONTROL ) PRECISELY ! 9/RUM5TALITIES ?AT W]E SUPPOS$ TO CURTAIL ! MONOPOLIZATION ( P[] & ! ABSOLUTE RULE ( ! CAPITALI/ OLIG>*Y4 ,CLASS SOCIETY IMPLIES ! SY/EMATIC MANIPULATION ( 0PUBLIC OP9ION0 AS AN 9/RUM5T ( CLASS RULE4 ,! SPECIFIC 9T]E/S ( ! RUL+ CLASS MU/ BE MADE TO APPE> AS ! G5]AL 9T]E/4 ,BUT 9 CAPITALISM1 IDEAS >E ALSO COMMODITIES1 :OSE PRODUC]S & DISP5S]S F9D A M>KET ONLY 9 ! IDEOLOGICAL REQUIREM5TS ( CAPITALISM4 ,IT IS !RE=E NOT SURPRIS+ ?AT ! M$IA ( P]SUASION -- ! S*OOLS1 ! UNIV]SITIES1 ! *UR*ES1 ! PRESS1 RADIO1 & TELEVISION1 ETC4 -- CAT] EXCLUSIVELY TO ! NE$S ( ! CAPITALI/ SY/EM4 ,BUT :]E !RE IS A M>KET1 !RE IS ALSO COMPETITION1 & ! IDEOLOGI/S MAY V>Y !IR W>ES TO SOME EXT5T1 EV5 ?\< ALL ( !M HAVE TO S]VE ! SAME PURPOSE1 NAMELY1 IDEOLOGICAL SUPPORT ( ! /ATUS QUO4 ,!SE V>IATIONS ON A S+LE !ME SUPPORT ! DEMOCRATIC ILLUSIONS )9 ! AU?ORIT>IAN CONDITIONS ( ,AM]ICAN CAPITALISM4 ,! MO/ REACTION>Y IDEAS 9SI/ UPON !IR COMPLIANCE ) ! DEMOCRATIC IDEAL1 EV5 IF ?IS IDEAL REF]S TO PA/ CONDITIONS RA!R ?AN TO PRES5T-DAY REALITY4 ,NOT)/&+ ! CONDITIONS ( MONOPOLY1 POLITICS REMA9S NOT ONLY A BUS9ESS BUT A COMPETITIVE BUS9ESS4 ,?IS COMPETITION EXPRESSES ITSELF 9 IDEOLOGICAL T]MS4 ,AL?\< EV]YONE AGREES ON ! M]ITS ( ,AM]ICAN DEMOCRACY1 !RE IS NO AGREEM5T AS H[ TO S]VE IT BE/4 ,?IS MAKES = ! SUBJECTIVE ELEM5T 9 ,AM]ICAN POLITICS1 ?AT IS1 ! /RUGGLE ( POLITICIANS TO GA9 5TRY 9TO ! POLITICAL 9/ITUTIONS1 OR TO 9CREASE !IR IMPORTANCE )9 !M4 ,! SUBJECTIVE /RIV+S ( ! POLITICIANS BECL\D ! FACT ( !IR OBJECTIVELY DET]M9$ ID5TICAL FUNCTIONS4 ,BUT !IR ANTICS >E (T5 TOPICAL 5\< TO F9D A WIDE RESPONSE1 P>TICUL>LY IF ?IS SUITS GOV]NM5TAL POLICIES & SPECIFIC CAPITALI/IC 9T]E/S4 ,IRRATIONAL ASSUMPTIONS BECOME1 AT TIMES1 ! REALITY ( ! DAY1 AS DID1 = 9/ANCE1 ! ,R$-SC>E 9 ! WAKE ( ,WORLD ,W> ,I & ,MC,C>?YISM DUR+ ! COLD W> P]IOD4 ,9 ! FIR/ CASE1 A NATIONWIDE HUNT = SUBV]SIVES WAS 9/IGAT$ AS A K9D ( PUBLICITY /UNT TO FUR!R ! PRESID5TIAL AMBITIONS ( ! !N ,ATTORNEY ,G5]AL1 ,A4 ,MIT*ELL ,PALM]4 ,AT ! SAME TIME1 H[EV]1 9 ! CONTEXT ( ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION & ITS 9T]NATIONAL REP]CUSSIONS1 ! FABRICATION ( A ?REAT TO ,AM]ICAN CAPITALISM C\LD BE US$ NOT ONLY TO F]RET \T AN 9CIPI5T RADICALISM BUT TO SUBDUE ! WORK+ CLASS AS A :OLE4 ,SIMIL>LY1 ,MC,C>?YISM1 DESPITE ITS S\RCE 9 ! PRIVATE POLITICAL AMBITIONS ( ITS AU?OR1 C\LD SPREAD AS F> AS IT DID BECAUSE IT S]V$ ! IDEOLOGICAL REQUIREM5TS ( ,AM]ICAN IMP]IALISM4 ,:AT IS ( 9T]E/ 9 ?IS CONTEXT IS ! SUSCEPTIBILITY ( ,AM]ICAN DEMOCRACY TO ! SAME TYPE ( DEMAGOG]Y ?AT CREAT$ ! MASS-HY/]IA & ! FE> ( T]ROR 9 ! TOTALIT>IAN NATIONS4 ,ONLY :AT HAS BE51 & REMA9S1 MORE OR LESS ! RULE 9 !SE NATIONS HAS BE5 AN EXCEPTION 9 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES4 ,BUT IT IS AN EV]-READY POSSIBILITY & ANO!R 9DICATION ( ! ESS5TIALLY AU?ORIT>IAN NATURE ( ,AM]ICAN CAPITALISM4 ,A C\NT]P>T TO ! POT5TIAL BUT MO/LY LAT5T TOTALIT>IAN T5D5CY >E ! SPORADIC EXTRA-LEGAL \TBREAKS ON ! P>T ( RACIAL M9ORITIES1 :I* /RIVE = EQUALITY 9 A SY/EM BAS$ ON EXPLOITATION & !RE) ON 9EQUALITIES 9 ALL SPH]ES ( SOCIAL LIFE4 ,!Y KN[ FROM EXP]I5CE ?AT DEMOCRACY HAS NO?+ TO DO ) !IR [N CONDITIONS & (F]S NO SOLUTION = !IR SPECIAL PROBLEMS4 ,/ILL1 !Y ASSUME ?AT ! SY/EM C\LD BE =C$ TO MAKE SOME CONCESSIONS BY WAY ( ORGANIZ$ PROTE/S & DIRECT ACTIONS JU/IFI$ 9 T]MS ( PREVAIL+ DEMOCRATIC IDEOLOGY4 ,BUT ?IS IDEOLOGY DOES NOT /& 9 ! WAY ( APPLY+ ! MO/ NAK$ AU?ORIT>IAN MEASURES1 IF ?IS %\LD BE DEEM$ NECESS>Y4 ,! APP>ATUS ( REPRESSION -- ! >MY1 ! NATIONAL GU>D1 ! /ATE-POLICE1 ! LOCAL PUBLIC & PRIVATE POLICE =CES -- >E =MIDABLE 5\< TO DEAL ) SU* UPHEAVALS4 ,:ILE ! APP>ATUS ( REPRESSION IS EV]-READY1 IT CAN BE HELD 9 RES]VE BECAUSE ( ! OV]:ELM+LY POSITIVE ID5TIFICATION ( ! L>GE MASS ( ! POPULATION ) ! ,AM]ICAN SY/EM4 ,?IS ID5TIFICATION REMA9S 9TACT EV5 :5 P>TICUL> POLICIES ( ! GOV]NM5T >E QUE/ION$ OR OPPOS$1 OR :5 ! GOV]NM5T ITSELF LOSES ! CONFID5CE ( L>GE LAY]S ( SOCIETY4 ,! W> 9 ,VIETNAM1 = EXAMPLE1 WAS G5]ALLY NOT RECOGNIZ$ AS AN ASPECT ( ,AM]ICAN IMP]IALISM1 BUT WAS BEWAIL$ AS A MORALLY WRONG POLICY1 OR AS A M]E MI/AKE1 ON ! P>T ( ! ADM9I/RATIONS 9VOLV$ 9 IT1 :I* ASSUM$LY C\LD JU/ AS WELL HAVE *OS5 ANO!R C\RSE ( ACTION TO SAFEGU>D ,AM]ICA'S 9T]E/S 9 ,ASIA4 ,BUT ?IS W> WAS F\IAN REGIMES1 & WAS !RE=E MO/ HEAT$LY DEF5D$ 9 ! BEG9N+ BY ! LIB]AL-DEMOCRATIC & EV5 0SOCIALI/0 ELEM5TS 9 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES4 ,AS F> AS ! WORK+ CLASS WAS CONC]N$1 9S(> AS ITS 9T]E/S F\ND >TICULATION AT ALL1 IT WAS SATISFI$ ) ! W>-GIV5 OPPORTUNITY = SECURE JOBS & HI<] WAGES4 ,:AT OPPOSITION >OSE CAME FROM RELIGI\S GR\PS & PACIFI/S1 SOON TO BE JO9$ BY A REBELLI\S /UD5T MOVEM5T UNWILL+ TO SACRIFICE C>E]S & EV5 LIFE TO ! REMOTE 9T]E/S ( ,AM]ICAN IMP]IALISM4 ,YET ?IS MOVEM5T US$ ! PHRASEOLOGY ( DEMOCRACY TO EXPOSE ITS ACTUAL ABS5CE AT ?IS P>TICUL> OCCASION1 & M]ELY EXPRESS$ ! UTOPIAN QUE/ = A REAL DEMOCRACY1 BR\ MOVEM5T1 :I* DID PLAY A P>T 9 AID+ ! GR[? ( AV]SION TO ! SEEM+LY PO9TLESS EXT5SION & PROLONGATION ( ! CONFLICT1 ! W> CAME TO AN 5D NOT 9 RESPONSE TO DEMOCRATICALLY-EX]CIS$ ANTI-W> S5TIM5TS1 BUT ?ANKS TO ! DEFEAT ( ! ,AM]ICAN >M$ =CES1 HA/5$ BY ! W>-WE>Y ATTITUDES ( ! FIELD SOLDI]S1 :O HAD LO/ ALL 9CL9ATION TO SACRIFICE !IR LIVES = ! 9COMPREH5SIBLE GOAL ( DEF5D+ ,AM]ICAN DEMOCRACY 9 ,S\!A/ ,ASIA4 ,! FACT ?AT ! W> ITSELF HAD BECOME A COMM]CIAL 5T]PRISE -- NOT 9 ! WID] S5SE ( S]V+ ! EXPANSION>Y NE$S ( ,AM]ICAN CAPITALISM1 BUT 9 ! N>R[]1 IMM$IATE1 S5SE1 ( A G5]AL CORRUPTION ON ! P>T ( ! MILIT>Y & !IR ADVIS]S P]SONALLY TO 5RI* !MSELVES -- ALSO AID$ ?IS W>-WE>9ESS4 ,F9ALLY1 9 CONJUNCTION ) ! !N EXI/+ CON/ELLATIONS ( IMP]IALI/ =CES1 ! W> C\LD MO/ PROBABLY BE WON ONLY BY RISK+ A WORLDWIDE W>1 = :I* ,AM]ICA WAS NOT PREP>$ AT ?IS P>TICUL> HI/ORICAL JUNCTURE4 ,CAPITAL ITSELF BR\ TO AN 5D1 APP>5TLY AS A RESPONSE TO ! OPPOSITION AT HOME1 BUT 9 REALITY BECAUSE ! EXP5SE ( ! W> HAD LO/ ALL PROPORTION ) ANY CONCEIVABLE FUTURE GA9 ?AT MI WAS CELEBRAT$ AS A REASS]TION ( ,AM]ICAN DEMOCRACY1 AS A SIGN ( ! P[] ( ! PEOPLE AS AGA9/ ?AT ( ! GOV]NM5T1 & EV5 ?OSE :O AT FIR/ HAD 5DORS$ ! W> AS ,AM]ICA'S COMMITM5T TO ! PR9CIPLES ( DEMOCRACY1 N[ JO9$ ! CELEBRATION4 ,ON ! 9T]NAL SC5E1 A SIMIL> SITUATION >OSE ) ,RI*>D ,NIXON'S =C$ ABDICATION ( ! PRESID5CY 9 ! WAKE ( ! SO-CALL$ ,WAT]GATE AFFAIR4 ,A CORRUPT GOV]NM5T WAS REPLAC$ BY ANO!R CORRUPT GOV]NM5T 9 A POLITICAL P[] /RUGGLE LO/ BY ! ,NIXON ADM9I/RATION4 ,! IDEOLOGICAL V]BAGE DISPLAY$ 9 ?IS PROCESS CREAT$ ! IMPRESSION ?AT1 ONCE AGA91 DEMOCRACY HAD SUCCE$$ 9 DEFEAT+ ITS VIOLATORS & ?AT IT WAS /ILL A VIABLE POLITICAL SY/EM S]V+ ! NATIONAL NE$S AGA9/ ! USURPATION ( P[] ON ! P>T ( CONSCI5CE-LESS POLITICIANS4 ,PRESUMABLY1 AN >\S$ 0PUBLIC OP9ION0 HAD OV]COME ! UND]H&$ MANIPULATIONS ( ! ADM9I/RATION1 \T TO SECURE ITS P]PETUATION 9 DEFIANCE ( ! 0FAIR PLAY0 ( DEMOCRACY4 ,! EUPHORIA CREAT$ BY ?IS FRE% SIGN ( DEMOCRATIC P[] WAS SU* AS TO RELEASE A G5]AL ONSLAUI\S ABUSES1 REA*+ ! GROTESQUE PO9T ( PASS+ LAWS :I* SUBJECT ! 9VE/IGATORY AG5CIES ( GOV]NM5T TO ! SCRUT9Y ( !IR VICTIMS4 ,:]EAS 9 O!R CAPITALI/ NATIONS DEMOCRATIC 9/ITUTIONS >E 9CREAS+LY SUPPLEM5T$ BY MORE DIRECT ADM9I/RATIVE POLICE MEASURES1 9 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES ! 9/RUM5TS ( REPRESSION HAVE SEEM+LY BECOME MORE DILUT$1 9 FAVOR ( A MORE OP5 & A MORE P>TICIPATORY POLITICAL LIFE1 EV5 ?\<1 OR P]HAPS BECAUSE1 LITTLE ADVANTAGE IS TAK5 !RE(4 ,IT W\LD BE AN ]ROR TO ASSUME ?AT ! HOLL[NESS ( ! DEMOCRATIC RITUALS >E RECOGNIZ$ & ?AT ! DEMOCRATIC IDEOLOGY HAS SP5T ITSELF4 ,QUITE G5]ALLY1 PEOPLE CONT9UE TO BELIEVE 9 ?IS SY/EM AS PREF]ABLE TO ANY O!R1 & EXPRESS !IR PATRIOTISM 9 T]MS ( ,AM]ICAN DEMOCRACY4 ,!Y >E NOT DI/RESS$ BY ITS M]ELY IDEOLOGICAL NATURE2 RA!R1 IT IS PRECISELY ?IS R$UCTION TO IDEOLOGY :I* ALL[S = A P]SI/ANT COMPLAC5CY ( ! ,AM]ICAN POPULATION UND] ! AU?ORIT>IAN SOCIAL CONDITIONS4 ,?IS COMPLAC5CY IS NO?+ TO BE WOND]$ AT4 ,! ,GREAT ,DEPRESSION ( ! #a#i#cS IS ONLY VAGUELY REMEMB]$ & !N RECALL$ AS AN ACT ( ,GOD1 FROM :I* NO RELEVANT CONCLUSIONS CAN BE DRAWN4 ,S9CE ?IS P]IOD1 UNTIL REC5TLY1 ,AM]ICA WAS ! TOA/ ( ! WORLD1 ! VICTOR 9 W>1 & B5EFICI>Y ( AN UNPREC$5T$ ECONOMIC UPSW+ :I* B5EFIT$ BO? LABOR & CAPITAL4 ,!ORIES W]E CONCOCT$ :I* ASSUR$ FUR!R ECONOMIC GR[? & ! ELIM9ATION ( ! BUS9ESS-CYCLE ?R\< /ATE 9T]V5TIONS 9 ! LAWS ( ! M>KET4 ,TRUE1 !RE REMA9$ A RESIDUE ( MIS]Y1 P>TICUL>LY ) RESPECT TO RACIAL M9ORITIES1 BUT ?IS1 TOO1 W\LD BE OV]COME 9 TIME1 ?US DEMON/RAT+ ! SUP]IORITY ( ! CAPITALI/ SY/EM 9 ITS ,AM]ICAN =M4 ,?IS G5]AL OPTIMISM CREAT$ ! V>I\S NOTIONS ( 0PO/-CAPITALISM01 ! NEW 0TE*NO-/RUCTURE01 ! 05D ( IDEOLOGY01 & ! COM+ ( 0ONE-DIM5SIONAL MAN01 ALL SIGNIFY+ ?AT :ATEV] MEAG] EXPRESSIONS ( DISCONT5T MIISE W\LD BE ABSORB$ 9 A TRULY 9TEGRAT$ CAPITALI/ SOCIETY )\T CLASS CONFLICTS1 9 :I* ! DIFF]5CE BETWE5 AU?ORITY & DEMOCRACY W\LD HAVE LO/ ITS MEAN+4 ,ALL ?IS ASSUM$1 ( C\RSE1 ! CONT9U\S EXPANSION ( ,AM]ICAN CAPITAL & !RE) ITS EXT5SION ON A GLOBAL SCALE4 ,! PO/W> SITUATION WAS *>ACT]IZ$ NOT ONLY BY V>I\S ATTEMPTS -- SOME SUCCESSFUL1 O!RS NOT -- TO CONTA9 ! SPREAD ( TOTALIT>IAN REGIMES 9 DEF5SE ( ! FREE WORLD-M>KET1 BUT ALSO BY CAPITAL EXPORTS ON A LAVI% SCALE & ! 9T5SIFI$ CREATION ( MULT9ATIONAL CORPORATIONS1 MO/LY UND] ! ,AM]ICAN FLAG4 ,! 9T]NATIONALIZATION ( CAPITALI/ PRODUCTION 79 CONTRA/ TO 9T]NATIONAL TRADE7 EXT5D$ ! ,AM]ICAN ECONOMY TO ALL P>TS ( ! WORLD1 A FACT ( GREAT IMPORTANCE ) REG>D TO ! ID5TIFICATION ( ,AM]ICAN CAPITALISM ) POLITICAL DEMOCRACY4 ,BUS9ESS CAN FL\RI% AS WELL UND] AU?ORIT>IAN AS UND] DEMOCRATIC CONDITIONS1 SO LONG AS ! AU?ORIT>IANISM RE/RICTS ITSELF TO POLITICAL 9/ITUTIONS4 ,BUS9ESS HAS NO PREF]5CES 9 ?IS RESPECT1 EV5 ?\< SOME BUS9ESSM5 MAY PREF] ONE TO ! O!R4 ,& 9 FACT A GREAT AM\NT ( ,AM]ICAN CAPITAL OP]ATES UND] AU?ORIT>IAN REGIMES & HAS A DIRECT 9T]E/ 9 !IR P]PETUATION AS LONG AS !Y SECURE & GU>ANTEE ! PR(ITABILITY ( !IR 9VE/M5TS4 ,!RE >E ( C\RSE TWO MAJOR TYPES ( AU?ORIT>IANISM3 ! /ATE-CONTROLL$ SY/EMS1 :I* IMPLY ! EXPROPRIATION ( PRIVATE CAPITAL1 :E!R =EIGN OR NATIVE1 & SOME =M ( C5TRAL ECONOMIC PLANN+2 & ! V>I\S MILIT>Y DICTATOR%IPS ?AT AB\ND 9 ! CAPITALI/ICALLY LESS-DEVELOP$ C\NTRIES DEP5D5T ON ! CAPITALI/ WORLD M>KET & ! IMPORT ( CAPITAL4 ,MO/ ( ! SO-CALL 0?IRD WORLD0 C\NTRIES >E 9 ?IS LATT] CATEGORY1 A CONDITION DESCRIB$ AS 0NEOCOLONIALISM04 ,H]E ! AU?ORIT>IAN RELATIONS ( CAPITALI/ PRODUCTION F9D !IR SUPPORT 9 AN AU?ORIT>IAN POLITICAL /RUCTURE1 TO ASSURE ! ACCUMULATION ( CAPITAL1 DESPITE ! PREC>I\SNESS ( ! G5]AL ECONOMIC CONDITIONS 9 :I* WORLD CAPITALISM F9DS ITSELF4 ,! MILIT>ILY-SECUR$ RULE 9 !SE NATIONS M]GES ! POLITICAL ELITES ) BO? ! EM]G+ NATIVE B\RGEOISIE & =EIGN CAPITAL1 9 ?IS MANN] E/ABLI%+ ! UNITY ( CAPITAL & GOV]NM5T :I* ALSO *>ACT]IZES ! ADVANC$ CAPITALI/ NATIONS1 AL?\< ) A %IFT ( EMPHASIS FROM ! CIVILIAN TO ! MILIT>Y ASPECTS ( CAPITALI/ RULE4 ,NOT ADMITT+ ?AT ,AM]ICAN CAPITALISM IS BAS$ ON ! EXPLOITATION ( LABOR -- S9CE EA* P]SON IS PRESUM$ TO RECEIVE :AT HE HAS CONTRIBUT$ TO ! TOTAL SOCIAL PRODUCT -- & ?US %>+ ) ! /ATE-CONTROLL$ TOTALIT>IAN NATIONS ! NOTION ( TO 0EA* ACCORD+ TO HIS WORK01 ! ECONOMIC >GUM5T AGA9/ SU* TOTALIT>IANISM IS L>GELY BAS$ ON ! COMP>ATIVE EFFICI5CY ( ! 0FREE0 & ! 0REGULAT$0 ECONOMY1 ! LATT] SUPPOS$LY DEM&+ TOTALIT>IAN CONTROLS & ?US DICTATORIAL RULE4 ,DEMOCRACY IS !N ONLY M5TION$ AS A POLITICAL PH5OM5ON1 AS A QUE/ION ( 09DIVIDUAL LIB]TIES0 & 0HUMAN RIE PRESUPPOS$ BY ! PROP]TY RIIAN REGIMES MAY DEVELOP1 OR RETURN TO1 DEMOCRATIC 9/ITUTIONS4 ,9 ?IS S5SE1 !N1 ! V>I\S MILIT>Y DICTATOR%IPS1 P>TICUL>LY 9 ! ,S\?-,AM]ICAN NATIONS1 >E NOT OPPOS$ BUT CULTIVAT$ BY ,AM]ICAN CAPITAL1 9 ! APOLOGETIC EXPECTATION ?AT1 SOON] OR LAT]1 !Y MAY ADAPT !MSELVES TO MORE DEMOCRATIC PROC$URES4 ,9 FACT1 ! DICTATOR%IPS !MSELVES PRET5D TO BE M]E C>ETAK]S = DEMOCRACY 9 TIMES ( SOCIAL /RESS1 EAG]LY AWAIT+ ! DAY ( !IR DISPLACEM5T BY VIABLE ELECT$ GOV]NM5TS & P>LIAM5T>Y RULE4 ,! ECONOMIC & SO ! POLITICAL 9T]E/S ( ,AM]ICAN CAPITALISM T\* UPON ALMO/ EV]Y P>T ( ! WORLD4 ,AL?\< ! NATION-/ATE P]SI/S1 ! ECONOMIC 9TEGRATION ( CAPITALISM IS 9T]NATIONAL1 :I* /R5G!NS ! IMP]IALI/IC NATURE ( CAPITALI/ COMPETITION4 ,) RESPECT TO =EIGN CAPITAL 9VE/M5TS ALONE1 ! ,GOV]NM5T ,SURVEY ( ,CURR5T ,BUS9ESS ( ,FEBRU>Y1 #aigg %[$ ?AT ! YE>LY SALES ( MAJORITY-[N$ =EIGN AFFILIATES ( ,UNIT$ ,/ATES COMPANIES TOTAL$ MORE ?AN @s#e BILLION1 :ILE ,AM]ICAN EXPORTS TOTAL$ ONLY @s#a#b BILLION4 ,NO DATA IS AVAILABLE = SALES ( =EIGN AFFILIATES 9 :I* ,AM]ICAN COMPANIES HAVE LESS ?AN A MAJORITY 9T]E/1 NOR = ! PRODUCTION ( UNAFFILIAT$ COMPANIES UND] LIC5SE ( ,UNIT$ ,/ATES COMPANIES4 ,IF !Y W]E 9CLUD$1 ! 5ORM\S IMPORTANCE ( =EIGN PRODUCTION RELATIVE TO TRADITIONAL EXPORTS W\LD BE EV5 MORE EVID5T4 ,?IS IMPLIES1 ( C\RSE1 ?AT ,AM]ICAN CAPITALISM MU/ NOT BE EQUAT$ ONLY ) ITS DEMOCRATIC PRET5SIONS AT HOME1 BUT ALSO ) ! AU?ORIT>IAN REGIMES UND] :OSE PROTECTION IT EXPLOITS AN 9CREAS+ QUANTITY ( =EIGN LABOR4 ,IT ?US %>ES RESPONSIBILITY = !IR UNDEMOCRATIC DICTATORIAL POLICIES4 ,IT IS TRUE1 ( C\RSE1 ?AT ,AM]ICAN CAPITAL IS NOT NE$$ TO FO/] AU?ORIT>IAN REGIMES 9 C\NTRIES 9 :I* IT DOES BUS9ESS2 !SE NATIONS ADH]E TO DICTATORIAL PR9CIPLES ON !IR [N ACCORD4 ,MO/ LIKELY1 ! ,AM]ICAN CAPITALI/S W\LD BE MORE COM=TABLE OP]AT+ UND] CIRCUM/ANCES MORE AK9 TO !IR [N4 ,BUT !Y >E ALSO REALI/S & ACCEPT ! WORLD AS IT IS3 DEMOCRACY IS NOT ESS5TIAL TO ! MAK+ ( MONEY4 ,!Y >E ALSO QUITE READY TO 5L>GE !IR CAPITAL UND] DEMOCRATIC CONDITIONS4 ,SO LONG AS !IR 9VE/M5TS >E NOT 5DANG]$1 ! =M ( GOV]NM5T :I* PROTECTS !M IS QUITE IMMAT]IAL1 & ?IS 9DIFF]5CE ALL[S = ADH]5CE TO ! PR9CIPLE ( NON9T]V5TION 9 ! AFFAIRS ( O!R NATIONS4 ,IT IS NOT ! DESIRE = A 0DEMOCRATIC WORLD0 :I* MOVES ! POLICY-MAK]S1 BUT M]ELY ! NE$ = GOV]NM5TS -- DICTATORIAL OR NOT -- ?AT WILL PROTECT CAPITAL 9VE/M5TS & ALL[ = 9T]NATIONAL TRADE FAVORABLE TO ,AM]ICAN CAPITAL4 ,H[EV]1 9VE/M5TS >E 5DANG]$ POLITICALLY AS WELL AS ECONOMICALLY :5 A /ATE ( RELATIVE PROSP]ITY & SOCIAL /ABILITY GIVES WAY1 AS AT ! PRES5T TIME1 TO A P]IOD ( DEPRESSION & SOCIAL UNRE/4 ,9 SU* CASES GOV]NM5TS MAY 9VOKE MEASURES DETRIM5TAL TO ,AM]ICAN CAPITAL -- UP TO ! PO9T ( ITS NATIONALIZATION4 ,IF SU* EV5TS SEEM TO BE 9 ! MAK+1 GOV]NM5TS BEG9 TO MATT] & IT BECOMES NECESS>Y TO 9/ALL ONES WILL+ TO UPHOLD ,AM]ICAN 9T]E/S4 ,COV]T & OV]T ,AM]ICAN 9T]V5TION WILL REPLACE MORE DEMOCRATICALLY-9CL9$ GOV]NM5TS ) \TSPOK5LY AU?ORIT>IAN REGIMES1 9 ORD] TO SECURE BO? ! SPECIFIC ,AM]ICAN 9T]E/S & ! SOCIAL RELATIONS ON :I* !Y >E BAS$ -- AS HAPP5$1 = EXAMPLE1 9 ,BRAZIL1 ,GUATEMALA1 ! ,DOM9ICAN ,REPUBLIC1 ,*ILI1 ETC41 ALL 9 ! NAME ( DEMOCRACY & ! DEF5SE ( ! 0FREE WORLD04 ,BUT EV5 AP>T FROM FLAGRANT 9T]V5TION1 ,AM]ICA DOM9ATES ! ECONOMIC & POLITICAL LIFE ( H] CLI5T NATIONS ?R\< !IR F9ANCIAL DEP5D5CE ON ! CAPITAL M>KET4 ,JU/ AS ! PEONAGE ( ! L&LESS PEASANT CAN BE MA9TA9$ BY KEEP+ HIM P]PETUALLY 9 DEBT TO ! L&LORD1 SO NATIONS CAN BE =C$ TO SUBMIT TO ,AM]ICA'S HEGEMONY ?R\< !IR 9DEBT$NESS TO ,AM]ICAN BANKS & ! ,AM]ICAN-DOM9AT$ ,9T]NATIONAL ,MONET>Y ,FUND 7,I,M,F74 ,IF !Y CANNOT KEEP UP ! 9T]E/ PAYM5TS ON !IR LOANS1 :I* BECOMES 9CREAS+LY DIFFICULT ) ! DEEP5+ ( ! WORLDWIDE DEPRESSION1 NEW LOANS >E D5I$ !M UNLESS !Y SUBMIT TO A PROGRAM ( 0AU/]ITY0 DESIGN$ TO 9CREASE1 ) ! PR(ITABILITY ( CAPITAL1 !IR ABILITY TO HONOR !IR F9ANCIAL OBLIGATIONS4 ,! ,I,M,F HAS BECOME ! VEHICLE ?R\< :I* ECONOMIC 0,DISCIPL9E0 IS IMPOS$ UPON DEBTOR NATIONS 9 ORD] TO MA9TA91 OR RE/ORE1 !IR CR$IT-WOR?9ESS4 ,( C\RSE1 ?IS IS JU/ 0GOOD BUS9ESS01 EV5 ?\< IT MAY RESULT 9 GREAT SOCIAL UNRE/ & !RE) LEAD TO REPRESSIVE MEASURES ( ! MO/ BRUTAL K9D4 ,REC5TLY1 = EXAMPLE1 ,P]U WAS PLAC$ UND] M>TIAL LAW1 AS ITS MILIT>Y GOV]NM5T MOV$ TO HALT A WAVE ( LOOT+ & SABOTAGE PROVOK$ BY 5ORM\S PRICE 9CREASES1 9/ITUT$ 9 ORD] TO R$UCE ! PAYM5TS DEFICIT & TO 9CREASE ! RATE ( EXPORTS4 ,9 CONSID]+ ! NATURE ( ,AM]ICAN CAPITALISM1 IT IS ONLY PRUD5T TO 9CLUDE 9 ITS ECONOMIC EFFECTS UPON O!R NATIONS ALSO !IR POLITICAL REP]CUSSIONS1 :I*1 9 MO/ CASES1 9VOLVE ! APPLICATION ( T]RORI/IC MEASURES BY DICTATORIAL GOV]NM5TS AGA9/ !IR IMPOV]I%$ POPULATIONS4 ,?IS1 TOO1 IS P>T ( ,AM]ICAN DEMOCRACY1 :I* WORKS H& 9 GLOVE ) ! AU?ORIT>IAN REGIMES1 EV5 ) REG>D TO ! DETAILS ( POLITICAL REPRESSION VIA ! MA*9ATIONS ( ! ,C5TRAL ,9TELLIG5CE ,AG5CY4 ,IT IS !N NOT ONLY ! PR$ILECTION ON ! P>T ( ,AM]ICAN CAPITAL TO ASS]T ITS SELF-/YL$ ECONOMIC & MORAL SUP]IORITY1 AS EXEMPLIFI$ 9 ITS DEMOCRATIC 9/ITUTIONS1 BUT ! 9ESCAPABLE NE$ TO ASSURE ITS PR(ITABILITY UND] ANY & ALL CIRCUM/ANCES1 :I* TURNS IT 9TO AN ABETTOR ( TOTALIT>IAN REGIMES & AU?ORIT>IAN POLICIES 9 ! WORLD AT L>GE4 ,BUT ! SPREAD+ ECONOMIC CRISIS DOES NOT /OP AT ! ,AM]ICAN DOOR1 & ! SAME 0AU/]ITY0 ADVOCAT$ ABROAD MU/ ALSO BE APPLI$ AT HOME4 ,TO BE SURE1 ! EXCEPTIONAL ECONOMIC P[] ( ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES DOES ALL[ = A MORE GRADUAL & LESS EXT5SIVE R$UCTION ( LIV+ /&>DS2 YET IT DEP5DS ON ! UN=SEEABLE EXT5SION ( ! CRISIS :E!R OR NOT ! 5=C$ 0AU/]ITY0 TURNS 9TO G5]AL MIS]Y AS HAS BE5 ! CASE 9 PREVI\S DEPRESSIONS4 ,AT ANY RATE1 ! APP>5T TRANQUILITY ( ,AM]ICAN DEMOCRACY IS /EADILY BE+ UND]M9$ BY ! DEEP5+ CRISIS AS WELL AS BY ! ATTEMPTS TO COPE ) IT1 & ! /ILL IMPOS+ $IFICE RE/S UPON %IFT+ S&4 ,?US F>1 H[EV]1 NO NE$ HAS >IS5 TO APPLY POLITICAL MEASURES TO ! ECONOMIC ONES1 = !RE HAVE BE5 NO POLITICAL REACTIONS TO ! DET]IORAT+ ECONOMIC CONDITIONS4 ,UNEMPLOYM5T & 9FLATION HAVE NOT AS YET REA*$ DIM5SIONS SU* AS 5DANG] ! SOCIAL PEACE4 ,AM]ICAN DEMOCRACY /ILL REIGNS SUPREME & F9DS EXT]NAL REASONS = ITS PRES5T ECONOMIC PLIT ( O!R NATIONS1 ! PRIC+-POLICIES ( ! OIL-PRODUC+ C\NTRIES1 & ! AGGRESSIV5ESS ( COMPET+ IMP]IALI/ P[]S4 ,9S(> AS 9T]NAL REASONS >E ADD$ TO ! LI/ ( ,AM]ICAN DIFFICULTIES1 !Y CONC]N1 ( C\RSE1 ! 9FLATION>Y WAGES ( ORGANIZ$ LABOR1 :I* >E BLAM$ = ! LACK ( 9VE/M5T 9C5TIVES4 ,IT IS ! GRADUAL *>ACT] ( ! ECONOMIC DECL9E :I* EXPLA9S1 AT LEA/ 9 P>T1 ! APP>5T APA?Y ( BO? ! WORK+ POPULATION & ! MIDDLE CLASS DESPITE ! CONT9U+ R$UCTION ( !IR 9COMES4 ,IT ALSO IMPLIES ?AT ! FULL BURD5 ( ! DEPRESSION IS C>RI$ BY A M9ORITY NOT L>GE 5\< TO >TICULATE ITS GRIEVANCES SUFFICI5TLY TO AFFECT ! BROAD MAJORITY1 :I* /ILL SEES ITSELF 9 AN 5VIABLE POSITION JU/ BECAUSE ( ! 9CREAS+ MIS]Y \TSIDE !IR [N LIV+ CONDITIONS4 ,H[EV]1 ! PRES5T DAY LACK ( POLITICAL AW>5ESS ON ! P>T ( ,AM]ICAN LABOR1 MANIFE/$ 9 ! UNDI/URB$ IDEOLOGY ( DEMOCRACY1 DOES NOT IMPLY ?AT ! WORK+ CLASS WILL NOT BECOME RE/IVE ) ! WORS5+ ( ! ECONOMIC CRISIS4 ,AFT] ALL1 IT IS ! SAME WORK+ CLASS :I*1 AL?\< BELAT$LY1 REACT$ ) CONSID]ABLE MILITANCY TO ! ,GREAT ,DEPRESSION & F9ALLY =C$ CAPITAL & ITS GOV]NM5T TO RELIEVE ITS MIS]Y ?R\< TRADITION-DEFY+ 9T]V5TIONS 9 ! ECONOMIC ME*ANISM4 ,!RE HAS BE5 NO RETURN TO ! PRE-DEPRESSION 0RUGG$ 9DIVIDUALISM01 & ! ,AM]ICAN ECONOMY HAS ADAPT$ ITSELF TO A =M ( WELF>E SY/EM :I* BLUNTS ! SOCIAL FRICTIONS ASSOCIAT$ ) CRISIS CONDITIONS4 ,IT IS !N TO BE NOT$1 AS IT HAS BE5 BY ,PR(ESSOR ,D\GLAS ,A4 ,HIBBS1 ( ! ,MASSA*USETTS ,9/ITUTE ( ,TE*NOLOGY 7AS REPORT$ 9 ! ,NEW ,YORK ,TIMES ( #f ,DECEMB] #a#i#g#f7 ?AT 09DU/RIAL CONFLICT DROPS 9 R\< RELATION%IP TO ! SUCCESS ( WELF>E-/ATE POLICIES 9 MAK+ GOV]NM5T ! 9/RUM5T = ALLOCAT+ %>ES 9 ! NATIONAL PRODUCT04 ,! ,PR(ESSOR DOES NOT CONSID] ! LIMITATIONS ( !SE PRACTICES1 NOR ! OBVI\S FACT ?AT !Y MU/ F9D AN ABSOLUTE B>RI] 9 ! ACCUMULATION REQUIREM5TS ( CAPITAL1 :I* DEM& QUITE DEF9ITE %>ES ( ! NATIONAL PRODUCT4 ,%\LD ! CRISIS DEEP51 IT WILL BE SOME:AT MORE ?AN WI%FUL ?9K+ TO EXPECT A *ANGE ( ATTITUDE ON ! P>T ( ,AM]ICAN LABOR T[>D ! CAPITALI/ SY/EM1 EV5 ?\< ! DIRECTION ?IS *ANGE MAY TAKE REMA9S 9DISC]NIBLE4 ,NEWLY->IS+ POPUL> MOVEM5TS MAY V]Y WELL SIDETRACK ! ASPIRATIONS ( ! WORK+ CLASS 9TO *ANNELS ( ACTIVITY ?AT DEFEAT !IR [N PURPOSE4 ,ON ! O!R H&1 ! ABS5CE 9 ,AM]ICA ( CAPITALI/ICALLY-9TEGRAT$ & BY N[ OSSIFI$ 0LEFT-W+0 POLITICAL P>TIES MAY LEAD TO ! WORK]S' SELF-ASS]TION & NEW =MS ( ORGANIZ$ ACTIVITY MORE 9 KEEP+ ) !IR REAL NE$S4 ,MOREOV]1 ! ,AM]ICAN CRISIS IS A CRISIS ( WORLD CAPITALISM & ITS G5]AL POLITICAL REP]CUSSIONS WILL F9D A REFLECTION 9 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES4 ,BUT AS MATT]S /& TODAY1 9T]NATIONAL CAPITAL MAY TRY ONCE MORE TO RESOLVE ITS CRISIS BY IMP]IALI/IC MEANS1 ?US PREEMPT+ ! POSSIBILITY ( REVOLUTION>Y *ANGE 9 A NEW WORLD W>4 ,FROM 3 ,M>XI/S4ORG4 ,*RONOLOGY 3 ,M>* #c1 #bba 3 ,AU?ORITY & ,DEMOCRACY 9 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES -- ,ADD$4 ,JANU>Y #h1 #bbb 3 ,AU?ORITY & ,DEMOCRACY 9 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES -- ,UPDAT$4 FILE G5]AT$ FROM 3 HTTP3_/_/REVOLTLIB4COM_/