,BAKUN93 A ,LIB]T>IAN ,COMMUNI/ BE=E ! ,T]M WAS ,CO9$ 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,DANIEL ,GU]9 

,TEXT 3 

,\R DEBT TO ,MI*AEL ,BAKUN9 IS MANIFOLD4 ,BUT IT IS CLE> :I* PREVAILS ABOVE ALL ! O!RS4 ,! LIB]T>IAN COMMUNI/S ( ! LATE #b? C5TURY [E HIM ABOVE ALL1 F> BEYOND HIS POLEMICS ) ,M>X1 F> EXCE$+ !SE1 = HAV+ SE5 :AT ,BOL%EVISM W\LD ONE DAY BE 9 ! DI/ANT FUTURE4 ,TO DO ?IS1 UND\BT$LY1 HE %[$ HIMSELF EXCESSIVE1 (T5 UNFAIR1 T[>DS HIS CONTEMPOR>Y1 ! F\ND] ( SO-CALL$ SCI5TIFIC SOCIALISM4 ,AT MO/1 C]TA9 AU?ORIT>IAN TRAITS & TA9TS ( /ATISM W]E DETECTABLE 9 ,M>X1 AL?\< /ILL ONLY MANIFE/+ !MSELVES 9 AN EMBRYONIC /ATE4 ,! P[] GRAB AT ! ,HAGUE ,CONGRESS ( #ahgb :I* EXPELL$ ,BAKUN9 FROM ! ,9T]NATIONAL AGGRAVAT$ !SE 9CL9ATIONS4 ,BAKUN9 9 HIS POLEMICS LA%ES \T LESS AT HIS RIVAL ?AN AT ! ,PEOPLE'S ,/ATE 7,VOLKS/AAT7 ( ! ,LASSALLIANS & ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRATS1 :I* ,M>X & ,5GELS TOOK TOO LONG TO DIS[N4.<#a.> 

,BUT1 HAV+ DETECT$ ! EMBRYO1 ,BAKUN9 HAD ! BRILLIANT DIV9ATION ( ITS FUTURE GR[?4 ,SO MU* SO ?AT HIS EXCESSIVE & SOME:AT BIAS$ BA%+ CAN BE JU/IFI$ 9 H9DSI<T :5 IT APPLI$ TO EPIGONES :O HAVE ABUS$ ,M>X4 ,BAKUN9'S =EKN[L$GE ( ! P]V]SE DEVIATIONS1 BE=E !Y BECOME MON/R\S1 :I* WILL IMPROP]LY TAKE ! NAME ( 0,M>XISM0 !RE=E M]ITS ON \R P>T GREAT RESPECT4 

,EV5 BE=E >GU+ ) ! 9SPIR] ( ! ,FIR/ ,9T]NATIONAL1 ! ,RUSSIAN PROPHET HAD W>N$ AGA9/ AU?ORIT>IAN 0COMMUNISM04.<#b.> ,ON ,JULY #a#i1#a#h#f#f1 9 A LETT] TO ,ALEX&] ,H]Z5 & ,NICOLAI ,OG>EV1 REF]R+ TO HIS TWO CORRESPOND5TS AS IF !Y W]E ONE P]SON1 ,BAKUN9 WROTE3  
  

0,Y\ :O >E A S9C]E & DEVOT$ SOCIALI/1 SURELY1 W\LD BE READY TO SACRIFICE Y\R WELL-BE+1 ALL Y\R WEAL?1 Y\R V]Y LIFE1 TO CONTRIBUTE TO ! DE/RUCTION ( ?IS ,/ATE1 :OSE EXI/5CE IS COMPATIBLE NEI!R ) FRE$OM NOR ) ! WELL-BE+ ( ! PEOPLE4 ,OR Y\ >E CREAT+ ,/ATE-SOCIALISM & Y\ >E ABLE TO RECONCILE Y\RSELF ) ?IS VILE/ & MO/ =MIDABLE LIE ?AT \R C5TURY HAS PRODUC$3 =MAL DEMOCRACY & R$ BUREAUCRACY40.<#c.>  
  

,9 ! CONDEMNATION ( AU?ORIT>IAN 0COMMUNISM01 ,BAKUN9 RESUM$ ! IMPRECATIONS ( HIS MA/] ,PR\DHON4 ,AT ! SECOND CONGRESS ( ! ,LEAGUE ( ,PEACE & ,FRE$OM1 9 ,B]N1 AT ! 5D ( ,SEPTEMB] #a#h#f#h1 BE=E BREAK+ ) ?IS EXPRESSION ( B\RGEOIS LIB]ALISM1 HE PROCLAIM$3  
  

0,I DETE/ 7AU?ORIT>IAN7 COMMUNISM BECAUSE IT IS ! NEGATION ( FRE$OM & ,I CANNOT CONCEIVE ( ANY?+ HUMAN )\T FRE$OM4 ,I AM NOT A COMMUNI/ BECAUSE COMMUNISM CONC5TRATES & ABSORBS ALL ! =CES ( SOCIETY 9TO ! ,/ATE1 BECAUSE IT NECESS>ILY LEADS TO ! C5TRALIZATION ( PROP]TY 9TO ! H&S ( ! ,/ATE4 74447 ,I WANT ! ORGANIZATION ( SOCIETY & COLLECTIVE OR SOCIAL PROP]TY FROM ! BOTTOM UP1 BY MEANS ( FREE ASSOCIATION1 & NOT FROM TOP TO BOTTOM BY MEANS ( ANY AU?ORITY :ATSOEV]4 ,9 ?AT S5SE ,I AM A COLLECTIVI/ & NOT AT ALL A COMMUNI/40.<#d.>  
  

,NEV]!LESS 9 ,JULY #ahfh ,BAKUN9 BECAME A LOCAL MEMB] ( ! ,9T]NATIONAL ,WORK]S' ,ASSOCIATION 9 ,G5EVA & HE WROTE TO ,GU/AVE ,VOGT1 PRESID5T ( ! ,LEAGUE ( ,PEACE & ,FRE$OM1 9 ,SEPTEMB]3  
  

0,WE CANNOT & MU/ NOT IGNORE ! IMM5SE & VALUABLE SIGNIFICANCE ( ! ,BRUSSELS ,CONGRESS 7( ! ,FIR/ ,9T]NATIONAL74 ,IT IS A GREAT1 IT IS ! GREATE/ EV5T TODAY &1 IF WE \RSELVES >E S9C]E DEMOCRATS1 WE MU/ NOT ONLY DESIRE ?AT ! ,9T]NATIONAL ,LEAGUE ( ! WORK]S 5DS UP EMBRAC+ ALL ! WORK]S' ASSOCIATIONS ( ,EUROPE & ,AM]ICA1 BUT WE HAVE TO CO-OP]ATE ) ALL \R EF=TS BECAUSE IT CAN CON/ITUTE TODAY ! REAL REVOLUTION>Y P[] :I* MU/ *ANGE ! FACE ( ! WORLD40.<#e.>  
  

,9 ! SAME VE91 ,BAKUN9 WROTE TO ,M>X ON ,DECEMB] #b#b1 #a#h#f#f3  
  

0,I AM NO LONG] COMMITT$ TO ANY SOCIETY1 TO ANO!R MILIEU1 ?AN ! WORLD ( ! WORK]S4 ,MY HOMEL& N[ IS ! ,9T]NATIONAL ( :I* Y\ >E ONE ( ! PR9CIPAL F\ND]S4 ,SO Y\ SEE1 DE> FRI5D1 ?AT ,I AM Y\R DISCIPLE & ,I TAKE PRIDE 9 BE+ SO40.<#f.>  
  

,M>X1 IMM$IATELY KN[+ IT IS DIS+5U\S1 REMA9S SIL5T4 

,I H]EBY OP5 A P>5!SIS1 TO CLOSE IT AS SOON AS POSSIBLE4 ,ON HIS RETURN TO ,WE/]N ,EUROPE1 AFT] HIS LONG YE>S ( CAPTIVITY 9 ,RUSSIA1 ,BAKUN9 HAD EMBRAC$ AN>*I/ IDEAS1 BORR[$ FROM ,PR\DHON AL?\< DEVELOP$ 9 A MORE REVOLUTION>Y DIRECTION4 ,BUT ?IS NEW CONVICTION HAD OV]LAPP$ )9 HIM ) AN 9VET]ATE TA/E = ! CL&E/9ITY ( CONSPIRACIES4 ,HE HAD SOMEH[ G>N]$ ! LEGACY ( ,BABEUFISM1 ,C>BON>ISM1 ,BLANQUISM1 & EV5 MORE SO ! SECRET REVOLUTION>Y ACTIVITIES APPROPRIATE TO ! /RUGGLE AGA9/ ,CZ>I/ DESPOTISM4 ,AN 9T]NATIONALI/ AT HE>T1 HE HAD SUCCESSIVELY HAT*$ SEV]AL 9T]NATIONAL 0,FRAT]NITIES0 :OSE MEMB]S HE RECRUIT$ 9 V>I\S ,LAT9 C\NTRIES4 

,! LA/ ( !SE 9ITIATIVES1 ! ,9T]NATIONAL ,ALLIANCE ( ,SOCIALI/ ,DEMOCRACY1 WAS CREAT$ ! DAY AFT] HIS BREAK ) ! ,LEAGUE ( ,PEACE & ,FRE$OM 9 #a#h#f#h1 AN ORGANIZATION1 HE SAID1 0HALF-SECRET1 HALF-PUBLIC01 & :I* 9 FACT S]V$ AS A COV] = A MORE RE/RICT$ & SECRET SOCIETY3 ! ,REVOLUTION>Y ,ORGANIZATION ( ,9T]NATIONAL ,BRO!RS4 ,HAV+ DONE ?IS1 ,BAKUN91 S9C]ELY ATTRACT$ BY ! WORK]S' MOVEM5T1 REQUE/$ ! MEMB]%IP ( HIS ,ALLIANCE 9TO ! ,9T]NATIONAL 7,I,W,A74 ,! DI/RU/ ( ,M>X & HIS C5TRAL POSITION 9 ! ,G5]AL ,C\NCIL 9 ,LONDON WAS NOT 5TIRELY GR\NDLESS4 ,9DE$1 ! APPLICATION ( ! ,ALLIANCE1 A NEW V]SION ( ! SECRET SOCIETIES 9/IGAT$ BY ,BAKUN91 C\LD MAKE IT APPE> AS 0DE/9$ TO BECOME AN ,9T]NATIONAL )9 ! ,9T]NATIONAL40.<#g.> 

,H[ DID ,BAKUN9 MANAGE TO RECONCILE HIS FI]CELY ANTI-AU?ORIT>IAN OPTIONS ) ?IS ?9LY DISGUIS$ ATTEMPT AT 09FILTRATION08 ,H]E IS ! JU/IFICATION :I* HE MADE A PO9T ( EXP\ND+ 9 ! SECRET /ATUTES ( ! ,ALLIANCE1 A COPY ( :I* FELL 9TO ! H&S ( ! ,G5]AL ,C\NCIL ( ! ,I,W,A L$ BY ,M>X3  
  

0,?IS ORGANIZATION EXCLUDES ANY IDEA ( DICTATOR%IP & TUTEL>Y RUL+ P[]4 ,BUT = ! V]Y E/ABLI%M5T ( ?IS REVOLUTION>Y ALLIANCE & = ! TRIUMPH ( ! REVOLUTION OV] REACTION1 IT IS NECESS>Y ?AT 9 ! MID/ ( ! POPUL> AN>*Y :I* WILL CON/ITUTE ! V]Y LIFE & ALL ! 5]GY ( ! REVOLUTION1 UNITY ( REVOLUTION>Y ?\<T & ACTION F9DS AN ORGAN 744471 A SORT ( REVOLUTION>Y G5]AL /AFF MADE UP ( DEVOT$1 5]GETIC1 9TELLIG5T 9DIVIDUALS1 & ABOVE ALL S9C]E FRI5DS ( ! PEOPLE1 NOT AMBITI\S OR CONCEIT$1 CAPABLE ( S]V+ AS 9T]M$I>IES BETWE5 ! REVOLUTION>Y IDEA & POPUL> 9/9CTS4 74447 ,A HUNDR$ /RONGLY & S]I\SLY ALLI$ REVOLUTION>IES >E 5\< = ! 9T]NATIONAL ORGANIZATION ACROSS ,EUROPE40.<#h.>  
  

,! DISSONANCE BETWE5 DIRECT DEMOCRACY & REVOLUTION>Y ELITISM WAS ALREADY /RIK+ AMONG ! ,BAB\VI/S4.<#i.> ,WE F9D IT TODAY 9 C]TA9 LIB]T>IAN COMMUNI/ CONTROV]SIES4 

,?IS P>5!SIS CLOS$1 LET US RETURN TO ! ,ALLIANCE'S REQUE/ = MEMB]%IP ( ! ,I,W,A4 ,! ,LONDON ,G5]AL ,C\NCIL 9ITIALLY REACTS V]Y UNFAVORABLY4 ,9 ITS MEET+ ( ,DECEMB] #b#b1 #a#h#f#h1 IT CONSID]$ 0?AT ! PRES5CE ( A SECOND 9T]NATIONAL BODY OP]AT+ )9 & \T) ! ,9T]NATIONAL ,WORK]S' ,ASSOCIATION W\LD BE ! MO/ 9FALLIBLE MEANS ( DISORGANIZATION0 &1 !RE=E1 DECL>$ ?AT ! ,9T]NATIONAL ,ALLIANCE ( ,SOCIALI/ ,DEMOCRACY 0IS NOT ADMITT$ AS A BRAN* ( ! ,9T]NATIONAL ,WORK]S' ,ASSOCIATION40 ,?IS V]DICT IS WRITT5 BY ! H& ( ,M>X4 ,BUT1 A FEW MON?S LAT]1 ON ,M>* #i1 #a#h#f#i1 FROM ! P5 ( ! SAME ,M>X1 ! ,G5]AL ,C\NCIL1 CORRECT+ ITSELF1 NO LONG] SAW ANY OB/ACLE TO ! 0CONV]SION ( SECTIONS ( ! ,ALLIANCE 9TO SECTIONS ( ! ,9T]NATIONAL04 ,! ,ALLIANCE ACCEPTS !SE CONDITIONS & IS !REBY ADMITT$4.<#a.> 

,BAKUN9 ATT5D$ ! ,BASEL ,CONGRESS ( ! ,9T]NATIONAL 9 ,SEPTEMB] #ahfi & JO9$ =CES ) ,M>X'S SUPPORT]S AGA9/ ,PR\DHON'S DEG5]ATE EPIGONES :O SUPPORT$ 9DIVIDUAL PROP]TY AGA9/ COLLECTIVE [N]%IP .<( L&.>4.<#a#a.> 

,IT WILL ONLY BE TWO YE>S LAT] ?AT RELATIONS BECOME /RA9$2 AT ! ,LONDON ,CONF]5CE :I* OP5$ ON ,SEPTEMB] #a#g1 #a#h#g#a1 ,M>X REVEAL$ AN AU?ORIT>IANISM 9COMPATIBLE ) ,BAKUN9'S LIB]T>IAN >GUM5TS4 ,9 %ORT1 ,M>X TRIES TO 9CREASE ! P[]S ( ! ,G5]AL ,C\NCIL 9 ,LONDON1 ,BAKUN9 W\LD LIKE TO R$UCE !M4 ,ONE WANTS TO C5TRALIZE1 ! O!R TO DEC5TRALIZE4 ,! F9AL \TCOME WILL BE ! ,HAGUE ,CONGRESS1 AT ! />T ( ,SEPTEMB] #a#h#g#b1 :]E ,M>X1 BY DI%ONE/ ME?ODS & ) ! HELP ( FICTITI\S M&ATES1 SUCCE$$ 9 EXPELL+ ,BAKUN9 & HIS FRI5D ,JAMES ,GUILLAUME BE=E CONSIGN+ ! ,9T]NATIONAL'S ,G5]AL ,C\NCIL TO ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES4 

,IT WAS !N ?AT ,BAKUN91 \TRAG$ BY ! C\P1 LA%ES \T AGA9/ ,M>X & AU?ORIT>IAN 0COMMUNISM0 9 E>NE/4 ,IT IS TO ?IS ANG] ?AT WE [E ! CURSES :I* TODAY SEEM PROPHETIC TO US S9CE1 BEYOND ! ,M>XI/ 9TRIGUES1 IT *ALL5GES & D5\NCES A :OLE PROCESS :I*1 LONG AFT] ! DEA? ( ,BAKUN9 & ,M>X1 TAKES ON A REM>KABLE RELEVANCE = US4 

,FIR/ ( ALL1 ,BAKUN9 =ESEES :AT ! DICTATOR%IP WILL ONE DAY BE1 UND] ! DECEPTIVE T]M ( ! DICTATOR%IP ( ! PROLET>IAT1 ! DICTATOR%IP ( ! ,BOL%EVIK P>TY4 ,9 A LETT] TO ! ,BRUSSELS NEWSPAP] ,LA ,LIB]TE1 WRITT5 FROM ,ZURI* ON ,OCTOB] #e1 #a#h#g#b1 HE ?UND]$ AGA9/ ! CONFISCATION ( ! REVOLUTION>Y MOVEM5T BY A CLIQUE ( LEAD]S3  
  

0,TO CLAIM ?AT A GR\P ( 9DIVIDUALS1 EV5 ! MO/ 9TELLIG5T & ! BE/ 9T5TION$1 WILL BE ABLE TO BECOME ! DIRECT+ & UNIFY+ ?\<T1 ! S\L1 ! WILL ( ! REVOLUTION>Y MOVEM5T & ( ! ECONOMIC ORGANIZATION ( ! PROLET>IAT ( ALL L&S1 ?IS IS SU* A H]ESY AGA9/ COMMON S5SE & AGA9/ HI/ORICAL EXP]I5CE ?AT ONE WOND]S ) A/ONI%M5T H[ A MAN AS 9TELLIG5T AS ,M>X C\LD HAVE CONCEIV$ ( IT40.<#a#b.>  
  

,& ,BAKUN9 CONT9UES TO =ETELL3  
  

0,WE DO NOT ACCEPT EV5 AS A REVOLUTION>Y TRANSITION NATIONAL CONV5TIONS1 CON/ITU5T ASSEMBLIES1 PROVISIONAL GOV]NM5TS1 OR SO- CALL$ REVOLUTION>Y DICTATOR%IPS2 BECAUSE WE >E CONV9C$ ?AT REVOLUTION 74447 :5 IT IS CONC5TRAT$ 9 ! H&S ( A FEW RUL+ 9DIVIDUALS1 9EVITABLY & IMM$IATELY BECOMES REACTION40  
  

,! DISA/R\S EXP]I5CE ( A P[]FUL ,9T]NATIONAL SCUPP]$ BY ! >BITR>Y WILL ( A S+LE MAN L$ ,BAKUN9 TO DI/RU/ AN AU?ORIT>IAN 9T]NATIONALISM SU* AS ?AT1 MU* LAT]1 ( ! ,?IRD ,9T]NATIONAL UND] ,BOL%EVIK LEAD]%IP3 ,:AT CAN BE SAID ( A FRI5D ( ! PROLET>IAT1 ( A REVOLUTION>Y1 :O CLAIMS TO S]I\SLY WANT ! EMANCIPATION ( ! MASSES & :O1 BY POS+ AS SUPREME DIRECTOR & >BIT] ( ALL ! REVOLUTION>Y MOVEM5TS ?AT MAY BREAK \T 9 DIFF]5T C\NTRIES1 D>ES TO DREAM ( ! SUBJUGATION ( ! PROLET>IAT ( ALL !SE L&S TO A S+LE ?\<T1 HAT*$ 9 HIS [N BRA98 

,BAKUN9 C\LD NOT BELIEVE IT4 ,M>X'S BL9DNESS SEEM$ 9CONCEIVABLE TO HIM3  
  

0,I WOND] H[ HE FAILS TO SEE ?AT ! E/ABLI%M5T ( A UNIV]SAL DICTATOR%IP1 COLLECTIVE OR 9DIVIDUAL1 ( A DICTATOR%IP ?AT W\LD SOMEH[ P]=M ! TASK ( *IEF 5G9E] ( ! WORLD REVOLUTION1 REGULAT+ & DIRECT+ ! 9SURRECTION>Y MOVEM5T ( ! MASSES 9 ALL C\NTRIES PRETTY MU* AS ONE W\LD RUN A MA*9E1 ?AT ! E/ABLI%M5T ( SU* A DICTATOR%IP W\LD SUFFICE 9 ITSELF TO KILL ! REVOLUTION1 TO P>ALYZE & DI/ORT ALL POPUL> MOVEM5TS40.<#a#c.>  
  

,& ! K9D ( DICTATOR%IP ?AT ,M>X HAD EX]CIS$ FROM ! ,G5]AL ,C\NCIL 9 ,LONDON L$ ,BAKUN9 TO FE> ?AT SU* AN EXAMPLE WILL GR[ & TAKE ON AB]RANT PROPORTIONS3  
  

0,& :AT IS ONE TO ?9K ( AN ,9T]NATIONAL ,CONGRESS :I*1 9 ! ALLEG$ 9T]E/ ( ?IS REVOLUTION1 IMPOSES ON ! PROLET>IAT ( ! 5TIRE CIVILIZ$ WORLD A GOV]NM5T 9VE/$ ) DICTATORIAL P[]S1 ) ! 9QUISITORIAL & PONTIFICAL RI<T .<)9 ! ,9T]NATIONAL.> TO SUSP5D REGIONAL F$]ATIONS1 BAN :OLE NATIONS 9 ! NAME ( AN ALLEG$ (FICIAL PR9CIPLE :I* IS NO?+ O!R ?AN ! ,M>X'S [N IDEA1 TRANS=M$ BY ! VOTE ( A FICTITI\S MAJORITY 9TO AN ABSOLUTE TRU?80  
  

,! FOLL[+ YE>1 9 #a#h#g#c1 /ILL SM>T+ AT ! MIS=TUNE ( ! ,HAGUE1 ,BAKUN9 WRITE A BOOK ) ! TITLE ,/ATISM & ,AN>*Y 9 :I* HE DEEP5$ HIS REFLECTIONS & CL>IFI$ HIS VITUP]ATION4.<#a#d.> ,! CONNECT+ ?REAT ( HIS >GUM5T IS1 )\T D\BT1 ! PAGES ( ! ,G5]AL ,IDEA ( ! ,REVOLUTION 9 ! ,N9ETE5? ,C5TURY BY HIS MA/] ,PR\DHON4 ,) & AFT] HIM1 ,BAKUN9 ASKS ! QUE/ION3  
  

0,IF ! PROLET>IAT BECOMES ! RUL+ CLASS1 IT MAY BE ASK$1 !N :O WILL IT RULE8 74447 ,:OEV] SAYS ,/ATE NECESS>ILY SAYS DOM9ATION &1 CONSEQU5TLY1 SLAV]Y4 74447 ,FROM :ATEV] PO9T ( VIEW WE TAKE1 WE >RIVE AT ! SAME EXECRABLE \TCOME3 ! GOV]NM5T ( ! IMM5SE MAJORITY ( ! POPUL> MASSES BY A PRIVILEG$ M9ORITY4 ,BUT ?IS M9ORITY1 SAY ! ,M>XI/S1 WILL CONSI/ ( WORK]S4 ,YES1 C]TA9LY1 ( =M] WORK]S BUT :O1 AS SOON AS !Y BECOME RUL]S1 WILL CEASE TO BE WORK]S & WILL BEG9 TO LOOK AT ! PROLET>IAN WORLD FROM ! HEI<TS ( ! ,/ATE1 WILL NO LONG] REPRES5T ! PEOPLE BUT !MSELVES & !IR CLAIM TO GOV]N IT40  
  

,& ,BAKUN9 WAGES W> AGA9/ ! PRET5SIONS ( AU?ORIT>IAN SOCIALISM TO BE 0SCI5TIFIC04 0,IT WILL BE NO?+ BUT ! DESPOTIC GOV]NM5T ( ! PROLET>IAN MASSES BY A NEW & V]Y N>R[ >I/OCRACY ( REAL OR PURPORT$ S*OL>S4 ,! PEOPLE >E NOT LE>N$1 SO !Y WILL BE COMPLETELY LIB]AT$ FROM ! CONC]NS ( GOV]NM5T & COMPLETELY 9CORPORAT$ 9TO ! GOV]N$ H]D40 

,ELSE:]E1 ,BAKUN9 DELI<TS 9 PORTRAY+ ! P>TICUL>LY =EBOD+ FEATURES ( ?IS FUTURE ,/ATE ) SCI5TIFIC PRET5SIONS & :I* SO CLOSELY RESEMBLES ?AT ( ! ,U,S,S,R TODAY3  
  

0!RE WILL BE AN EXTREMELY COMPLEX GOV]NM5T :I* WILL NOT BE CONT5T ) GOV]N+ & ADM9I/]+ ! MASSES POLITICALLY 74447 BUT :I* WILL ALSO ADM9I/] !M ECONOMICALLY1 CONC5TRAT+ 9 ITS H&S ! PRODUCTION & PROP] DI/RIBUTION ( WEAL?1 ! CULTIVATION ( L&1 ! E/ABLI%M5T & DEVELOPM5T ( FACTORIES1 ! ORGANIZATION & DIRECTION ( COMM]CE1 & F9ALLY ! APPLICATION ( CAPITAL TO PRODUCTION BY ! SOLE BANK]1 ! ,/ATE4 ,ALL ?AT WILL REQUIRE IMM5SE KN[L$GE & MANY HEADS BUR/+ ) BRA9S 9 ?IS GOV]NM5T4 ,IT WILL BE ! REIGN ( SCI5TIFIC 9TELLIG5CE1 ! MO/ >I/OCRATIC1 ! MO/ DESPOTIC1 ! MO/ >ROGANT1 & ! MO/ CONDESC5D+ ( ALL REGIMES40.<#a#e.>  
  

,BUT WILL ?IS DESPOTISM BE P]MAN5T8 ,= ,BAKUN93  
  

0,! ,M>XI/S CONSOLE !MSELVES ) ! ?\<T ?AT ?IS DICTATOR%IP WILL BE TEMPOR>Y & BRIEF4 ,ACCORD+ TO !M1 ?IS /ATI/ YOKE1 ?IS DICTATOR%IP1 IS A TRANSITIONAL /AGE NECESS>Y TO REA* ! TOTAL EMANCIPATION ( ! PEOPLE3 AN>*Y OR FRE$OM IS ! GOAL1 ! ,/ATE OR DICTATOR%IP1 ! MEANS4 ,SO1 9 ORD] TO LIB]ATE ! POPUL> MASSES1 ONE MU/ BEG9 BY 5SLAV+ !M4 74447 ,TO ?IS WE REPLY ?AT NO DICTATOR%IP CAN HAVE ANY O!R 5D ?AN TO 5DURE AS LONG AS POSSIBLE40.<#a#f.>  
  

,ONE W\LD ?9K ?AT ?IS IS AN ANTICIPATORY LIB]T>IAN REFUTATION ( ,! ,/ATE & ,REVOLUTION BY 0COMRADE0 ,L596 

,BAKUN9 EV5 =ESAW ! REIGN ( ! APP>AT*IKS4 ,9 A TEXT ( ,M>* #a#h#g#b1 EV5 BE=E ! P[] GRAB 9 ! ,HAGUE1 HE ANN\NC$ ! BIR? 0( A SMALL & PRIVILEG$ B\RGEOISIE1 ?AT ( ! MANAG]S1 REPRES5TATIVES & FUNCTION>IES ( ! SO-CALL$ POPUL> ,/ATE40.<#a#g.> 

,F9ALLY1 9 A TEXT ( ,NOVEMB]-,DECEMB] #a#h#g#b1 :I* WILL S]VE AS A CONCLUSION1 ,BAKUN9 ACCUS$ ,M>X ( HAV+ 0FAIL$ TO KILL ! ,9T]NATIONAL BY HIS CRIM9AL ATTEMPT AT ! ,HAGUE0 & SETS AS A CONDITION TO BE ADMITT$ 9TO ! ANTI-AU?ORIT>IAN ,9T]NATIONAL :I* SURVIVES ! C\P ! FOLL[+ CONDITION3  
  

0,UND]/&+ ?AT1 S9CE ! PROLET>IAN1 ! MANUAL WORK]1 ! TOIL]1 IS ! HI/ORICAL REPRES5TATIVE ( ! LA/ SLAV]Y ON E>?1 HIS EMANCIPATION IS ! EMANCIPATION ( EV]YONE1 HIS TRIUMPH IS ! F9AL TRIUMPH ( HUMANITY1 & ?AT1 CONSEQU5TLY1 ! ORGANIZATION ( ! P[] ( ! PROLET>IAT 9 EV]Y L& 74447 CANNOT HAVE AS ITS GOAL ! CON/ITUTION ( A NEW PRIVILEGE1 A NEW MONOPOLY1 A NEW CLASS OR A NEW DOM9ATION40.<#a#h.>  
  

,BAKUN9 WAS A LIB]T>IAN COMMUNI/ BE=E ! T]M EXI/$6 

.<#a.> ,IT %\LD BE NOT$ ?AT ,GU]9 IS BE+ F> TOO G5]\S TO ,M>X & ,5GELS H]E AS ! PAP] ( !IR MA9 SUPPORT]S 9 ! ,G]MAN ,SOCIALI/ MOVEM5T WAS 5TITL$ ,VOLKS/AAT & IT REGUL>LY PUBLI%$ !IR WORKS4 ,LIKEWISE1 ANY CRITICISM ( ! T]M REMA9$ PRIVATE DUR+ ,M>X'S LIFETIME &1 AS SU*1 ,BAKUN9'S L9K+ ( ! CONCEPT ) ,M>X IS P]FECTLY UND]/&ABLE1 NOT LEA/ BECAUSE ! NOTION WAS US$ 9 ! SAME WAY AS ! 0DICTATOR%IP ( ! PROLET>IAT04 7,BLACK ,FLAG7 

.<#b.> ,M>X PLAY$ NO ROLE 9 ! =MATION ( ! ,FIR/ ,9T]NATIONAL BUT DID LAY A CRUCIAL ROLE AFT] IT WAS =M$4 ,?IS1 PRESUMABLY1 IS :AT ,GU]9 IS REF]R+ TO H]E4 7,BLACK ,FLAG7 

.<#c.> ,CORRESPONDANCE DE ,MIKHAIL ,BAKUN93 LETTRES A ,H]Z5 ET A ,OG>EV1 $4 ,P]R91 #a#h#i#f2 9 ,>*IVES ,BAKUN94 

.<#d.> ,LA PREMI]E ,9T]NATIONALE1 ,$IT$ BY ,JACQUES ,FREYMOND1 VOL4 #a1 P4 #d#e#a4 

.<#e.> ,IBID4 #a1 P4 #d#e4 

.<#f.> ,IBID4 #a1 P4 #dea ,E ,KAM9SKI1 ,BAKUN91 LA1 VIE D'UN REVOLUTIONNAIRE4 

.<#g.> 0,LES PRET5DUES SCISSIONS DANS L',9T]NATIONALE10 91 ,BAKUN91 OEUVRES COMPLETES1 ,*AMP LIBRE1 VOL4 ,I,I,I1 P4 #b#g#a4 

.<#h.> 0L',ALLIANCE DE LA DEMOCRATIE SOCIALI/E ET L',ASSOCIATION 9T]NATIONALE DES TRAVAILLEURS01 9 ,FREYMOND1 OP4 CITE1 #a#a1 PP4 #d#g#d-#d#g#e4 

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