,APP5DIX #a 
,M>X & ,BAKUN9 

#aidaid 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,GUY ,ALDR$ 

,TEXT 3 

,MANY COMRADES HAVE F\ND IT H>D TO UND]/& ! DIFF]5CE BETWE5 ,M>X & ,BAKUN94 ,! /ORY IS V]Y SIMPLE & CAN BE TOLD CLE>LY4 

,DUR+ HIS IMPRISONM5T & EXILE1 ,BAKUN9 WAS ATTACK$ BY ,M>X & ! LATT]'S FRI5DS4 ,BAKUN9 SUMM>IZ$ ! ATTACK3 -- 

0,:ILE ,I WAS HAV+ A F> FROM AMUS+ TIME 9 ,G]MAN & ,RUSSIAN =TRESSES1 & 9 ,SIB]IA1 ,M>X & ,CO4 W]E P$DL+1 CLAMOR+ FROM ! H\SETOPS1 PUBLI%+ 9 ,5GLI% & ,G]MAN NEWSPAP]S1 ! MO/ ABOM9ABLE RUMORS AB\T ME4 ,!Y SAID ?AT IT WAS UNTRUE TO DECL>E ?AT ,I HAD BE5 IMPRISON$ 9 A =TRESS1 ?AT1 ON ! CONTR>Y1 ,CZ> ,NI*OLAS HAD RECEIV$ ME ) OP5 >MS1 HAD PROVID$ ME ) ALL POSSIBLE CONV5I5CES & 5JOYM5TS1 ?AT ,I WAS ABLE TO AMUSE MYSELF ) LI<T WOM51 & HAD A ABUNDANCE ( *AMPAGNE TO DR9K4 ,?IS WAS 9FAM\S1 BUT IT WAS ALSO /UPID40 

,AFT] ,BAKUN9 >RIV$ 9 ,LONDON1 9 #a#h#f#a1 & SETTL$ D[N TO HIS WORK ON ,H]Z5'S ,KOLOKOL 1 AN ,5GLI% NEWSPAP] PUBLI%$ A /ATEM5T BY A MAN NAM$ ,URQUH>T1 DECL>+ ?AT ,BAKUN9 *ALL5G$ HIS CALUMNIATOR & HE>D NO MORE ( ! MATT]4 ,9 ,NOVEMB]1 #a#h#f#d1 ,BAKUN9 HAD AN 9T]VIEW ) ,M>X 9 ,LONDON4 ,BAKUN9 DESCRIB$ ! 9T]VIEW 9 ! FOLL[+ T]MS3 -- 

0,AT ?AT TIME ,I HAD A LITTLE NOTE FROM ,M>X1 9 :I* HE ASK$ ME :E!R HE C\LD COME TO SEE ME ! NEXT DAY4 ,I ANSW]$ 9 ! AFFIRMATIVE1 & HE CAME4 ,WE HAD AN EXPLANATION4 ,HE SAID ?AT HE HAD NEV] SAID OR DONE ANY?+ AGA9/ ME2 ?AT1 ON ! CONTR>Y1 HE HAD ALWAYS BE5 MY TRUE FRI5D1 & HAD RETA9$ GREAT RESPECT = ME4 ,I KNEW ?AT HE WAS LY+1 BUT ,I REALLY NO LONG] BORE ANY GRUDGE AGA9/ HIM4 ,! R5EWAL ( ! ACQUA9TANCE%IP 9T]E/$ ME MOREOV]1 9 ANO!R CONNECTION4 ,I KNEW ?AT HE HAD TAK5 A GREAT P>T 9 ! F\NDATION ( ! ,9T]NATIONAL4 ,I HAD READ ! MANIFE/O WRITT5 BY HIM 9 ! NAME ( ! PROVISIONAL ,G5]AL ,C\NCIL1 A MANIFE/O :I* WAS WEI<TY1 E>NE/1 & PR(\ND1 LIKE EV]Y?+ ?AT CAME FROM HIS P5 :5 HE WAS NOT 5GAG$ 9 P]SONAL POLEMIC4 ,9 A WORD1 WE P>T$1 \TW>DLY1 ON ! BE/ ( T]MS1 AL?\< ,I DID NOT RETURN HIS VISIT40 

,WRIT+ TO ,5GELS1 UND] DATE1 ,NOVEMB] #d1 #a#h#f#d1 ,M>X SAYS3 -- 

0,BAKUN9 WI%ES TO BE REMEMB]$ TO Y\4 ,HE HAS LEFT = ,ITALY TO-DAY4 ,I SAW HIM YE/]DAY EV5+ ONCE MORE1 = ! FIR/ TIME AFT] SIXTE5 YE>S4 ,HE SAID ?AT AFT] ! FAILURE 9 ,POL& HE %\LD 9 FUTURE1 CONF9E HIMSELF TO P>TICIPATION 9 ! ,SOCIALI/ ,MOVEM5T4 ,ON ! :OLE HE IS ONE ( ! FEW P]SONS :OM ,I F9D NOT TO HAVE RETROGRESS$ AFT] SIXTE5 YE>S1 BUT TO HAVE DEVELOP$ FUR!R4 ,I HAD A TALK ) HIM ALSO AB\T ,URQUH>T'S D5UNCIATIONS40 

,BAKUN9 WANT$ TO BE ON GOOD T]MS ) ,M>X1 = ! SAKE ( BUILD+ UP ! ,9T]NATIONAL4 ,HE DESIR$ TO DEVOTE HIMSELF H5CE=W>D EXCLUSIVELY TO ! ,SOCIALI/ ,MOVEM5T4 ,?IS WAS DIFFICULT BECAUSE ( ,M>X'S 9JU/ICE4 ,BAKUN9 TELLS ! /ORY ?US3 -- 

0,9 ! YE> #a#h#d#h1 ,M>X & ,I HAD A DIFF]5CE ( OP9ION1 & ,I MU/ SAY ?AT HE WAS F> MORE 9 ! RI<T ( IT ?AN ,I4 ,9 ,P>IS & ,BRUSSELS HAD HAD F\ND$ A SECTION ( ,G]MAN ,COMMUNI/S1 & HAD1 9 ALLIANCE ) ! ,FR5* & A FEW ,5GLI% ,COMMUNI/S1 SUPPORT$ BY HIS FRI5D & 9SEP>ABLE COMRADE1 ,5GELS1 F\ND$ 9 ,LONDON ! FIR/ 9T]NATIONAL ASSOCIATION ( ,COMMUNI/S ( V>I\S L&S444 ,I 1 MYSELF1 ! FUMES ( ! REVOLUTION>Y MOVEM5T 9 ,EUROPE HAV+ GONE TO MY HEAD1 HAD BE5 MU* MORE 9T]E/$ 9 ! NEGATIVE ?AN 9 ! POSITIVE SIDE ( ?IS REVOLUTION1 HAD BE51 ?AT IS TO SAY1 MU* MORE CONC]N$ ) ! OV]?R[ ( ! EXTANT ?AN ) ! QUE/ION ( ! UPBUILD+ & ORGANIZATION ( :AT WAS TO FOLL[4 ,BUT !RE WAS ONE PO9T 9 :I* ,I WAS RI<T & HE WAS WRONG4 ,AS A ,SLAV1 ,I WANT$ ! LIB]ATION ( ! ,SLAV RACE FROM ! ,G]MAN YOKE4 ,I WANT$ ?IS LIB]ATION TO BE BR\<T AB\T BY ! REVOLUTION1 ?AT IS TO SAY BY ! DE/RUCTION ( ! REGIME ( ,RUSSIA1 ,AU/RIA1 ,PRUSSIA1 & ,TURKEY1 & BY ! RE-ORGANIZATION ( ! PEOPLES FROM BEL[ UPW>DS ?R\< !IR [N FRE$OM1 UPON ! F\NDATION ( COMPLETE ECONOMIC & SOCIAL EQUALITY1 & NOT ?R\< ! P[] ( ANY AU?ORITY1 H[EV] REVOLUTION>Y IT MI<T CALL ITSELF1 & H[EV] 9TELLIG5T IT MI<T 9 FACT BE4 

0,ALREADY1 AT ?IS DATE1 ! DIFF]5CE BETWE5 \R RESPECTIVE SY/EMS 7A DIFF]5CE :I* N[ SEV]S US 9 A WAY ?AT1 ON MY SIDE1 HAS BE5 V]Y C>EFULLY ?\<T \T7 WAS WELL M>K$4 ,MY IDEALS & ASPIRATIONS C\LD NOT FAIL TO BE V]Y DISPLEAS+ TO ,M>X4 ,FIR/ ( ALL1 BECAUSE !Y W]E NOT HIS [N2 SECONDLY1 BECAUSE !Y RAN C\NT] TO ! CONVICTIONS ( ! AU?ORIT>IAN ,COMMUNI/S2 & F9ALLY1 BECAUSE1 BE+ A ,G]MAN PATRIOT1 HE W\LD NOT ADMIT !N1 ANY MORE ?AN HE DOES TO-DAY1 ! RI<T ( ! ,SLAVS TO FREE !MSELVES FROM ! ,G]MAN YOKE- = /ILL1 AS ( OLD1 HE ?9KS ?AT ! ,G]MANS HAVE A MISSION TO CIVILIZE ! ,SLAVS1 ?IS MEAN+ TO ,G]MANIZE !M :E!R BY K9DNESS OR =CE4 

0,TO PUNI% ME = BE+ SO BOLD AS TO AIM A REALIZ+ AN IDEA DIFF]5T FROM & 9DE$ ACTUALLY OPPOS$ TO HIS1 ,M>X !N REV5G$ HIMSELF AFT] HIS [N FA%ION4 ,HE WAS $ITOR ( ! ,NEUE ,RHE9IS*E ,ZEITUNG PUBLI%$ 9 ,COLOGNE4 ,9 ONE ( ! ISSUES ( ?AT PAP] ,I READ 9 ! ,P>IS CORRESPOND5CE ?AT ,MADAME ,GEORGE ,S&1 ) :OM ,I HAD =M]LY BE5 ACQUA9T$1 WAS SAID TO HAVE TOLD SOME ONE IT WAS NECESS>Y TO BE CAUTI\S 9 DEAL+ ) ,BAKUN91 = IT WAS QUITE POSSIBLE ?AT HE WAS SOME SORT ( ,RUSSIAN AG5T40 

,! ,MORN+ ,ADV]TIZ]1 = ,SEPTEMB] #a1 #a#h#e#c1 PUBLI%$ ! /ATEM5T BY ,M>X ?AT1 ON ,JULY #e1 #a#h#d#h1 ! ,NEUE ,RHE9IS*E ,ZEITUNG RECEIV$ TWO LETT]S FROM ,P>IS1 DECL>+ ?AT ,GEORGE ,S& POSSESS$ LETT]S COMPROMIS+ ,BAKUN91 0%[+ ?AT HE HAD REC5TLY BE5 9 COMMUNICATION ) ! ,RUSSIAN GOV]NM5T40 ,ONE WAS FROM ,HAVAS ,BUREAU1 & ! O!R FROM ,DR4 ,EW]BECK1 SOMETIME LEAD] ( ! ,F$]ATION ( ! ,JU/4 

,BAKUN9 DESCRIB$ ! EFFECT ( ?IS ACCUSATION & HIS REACTION TO IT3- 

0,! ACCUSATION WAS LIKE A TILE FALL+ FROM A RO( UPON MY HEAD1 AT ! V]Y TIME :5 ,I WAS FULLY IMM]S$ 9 REVOLUTION>Y ORGANIZATION1 & IT COMPLETELY P>ALYZ$ MY ACTIVITIES = SEV]AL WEEKS4 ,ALL MY ,G]MAN & ,SLAV FRI5DS F\<T %Y ( ME4 ,I WAS ! FIR/ ,RUSSIAN TO CONC]N HIMSELF ACTIVELY ) REVOLUTION>Y WORK1 & IT IS NE$LESS = ME TO TELL Y\ :AT FEEL+S ( TRADITIONAL MI/RU/ W]E ACCU/OM$ TO >ISE 9 WE/]N M9DS :5 ! WORDS ,RUSSIAN REVOLUTIONI/ W]E M5TION$4 ,9 ! FIR/ 9/ANCE1 !RE=E1 ,I WROTE TO ,MADAME ,S&40 

,BAKUN9'S LIFE AS AN AGITATOR1 HIS 9SECURITY ( EXI/5CE1 HIS 5TIRE MANN] ( LIV+ R5D]$ IT EASY TO UND]M9D HIS PRE/IGE BY S[+ SUSPICION4 ,?IS WAS ALSO ! POLICY ( ! ,RUSSIAN ,EMBASSY4 ,9 ORD] TO REPLY TO ,M>X & ! ,CZ>I/ TRADUC]S1 ,BAKUN9 WROTE TO ,GEORGE ,S&4 ,! TEXT ( ,GEORGE ,S&'S LETT] TO ! ,ZEITUNG1 DAT$ ,AUGU/ #c1 #a#i#d#h1 IS REPRODUC$ 9 MY ,PIONE]S ( ,ANTI-,P>LIAM5T>ISM 70,WORD0 ,LIBR>Y1 #a/ ,S]IES1 ,NO4#g74 ,H] DECL>ATION REHABILITAT$ ,BAKUN9 AS A REVOLUTION>Y & A VICTIM ( SL&]\S CONSPIRACY4 

,SL&] NEV] DIES4 ,9 #a#h#f#c1 :5 HE WAS AB\T TO 5T] ,SWITZ]L&1 A ,BASLE PAP] DECL>$ ?AT HE HAS 9VOLV$ ,POLI% REFUGEES 9 DISA/] :IL/ REMA9+ IMMUNE4 ,G]MAN ,SOCIALI/ 7SIC7 P]IODICALS CON/ANTLY SL&]$ HIM4 ,M>X NEV] MISS$ A *ANCE ( SPEAK+ AGA9/ HIM4 

,OTTO ,RUHLE HAS DESCRIB$ H[ ,M>X WROTE TO A Y\NG ,RUSSIAN SEEK+ 9=MATION REG>D+ ,BAKUN94 ,= REASONS ( CONSPIRACY1 ,M>X REF]R$ TO ,BAKUN9 AS 0MY OLD FRI5D1 ,BAKUN9-,I DON'T KN[ IF HE IS /ILL MY FRI5D 40 ,M>X P]SUAD$ TOO WELL3 = HIS CORRESPOND5T =W>D$ ! LETT] TO ,BAKUN94 ,M>X COMPLA9$ ( ! RESULT3 0,BAKUN9 AVAIL$ HIMSELF ( ! CIRCUM/ANCES TO EXCUSE A S5TIM5TAL 5TREE40 

,RUBLE COMM5TS3- 

0,?IS S5TIM5TAL 5TREE NOT ONLY R$\ND$ TO ,BAKUN9'S CR$IT1 NOT ONLY %[$ HIS GOOD FEEL+ & HIS 9SI<T1 BUT DES]V$ A BETT] RECEPTION FROM ,M>X ?AN ! BIT+ CYNICISM & ! D]OGATORY 9SOL5CE :I* IT WAS 5C\NT]$ 7CYNICISM & 9SOL5CE :I* W]E ONLY MASKS = EMB>RASSM5T740 

,BAKUN9 WROTE3- 

0Y\ ASK :E!R ,I AM /ILL Y\R FRI5D4 ,YES1 MORE ?AN EV]1 MY DE> ,M>X1 = ,I UND]/& BETT] ?AN EV] H[ RI<T Y\ W]E TO WALK ALONG ! BROAD ROAD ( ! ECONOMIC REVOLUTION1 TO 9VITE US ALL TO FOLL[ Y\1 & TO D5\NCE ALL ?OSE :O W&]$ (F 9TO ! BYWAYS ( NATIONALI/ OR EXCLUSIVELY POLITICAL 5T]PRISE4 ,I AM N[ DO+ :AT Y\ BEGAN TO DO MORE ?AN TW5TY YE>S AGO4 ,S9CE ,I =MALLY & PUBLICLY SAID GOOD-BYE TO ! B\RGEOIS ( ! ,B]NE CONGRESS1 ,I KN[ NO O!R SOCIETY1 NO O!R MILIEU ?AN ! WORLD ( ! WORK]S4 ,MY FA!RL& IS N[ ! ,9T]NATIONAL1 :OSE *IEF F\ND] Y\ HAVE BE54 ,Y\ SEE1 !N1 DE> FRI5D1 ?AT ,I AM Y\R PUPIL-- & ,I AM PR\D TO BE ?IS4 ,I ?9K ,I HAVE SAID 5\< TO MAKE MY P]SONAL POSITION & FEEL+S CLE> TO Y\40 

,BAKUN9 MET ,M>X ) SIMPLICITY & FRI5D%IP4 

,RUHLE PO9TS \T ?AT ,BAKUN9 5DEAVOR$ HONE/LY TO BE ON GOOD T]MS ) ,M>X & TO AVOID FRICTION4 ,HE ADDS ?AT ,BAKUN9 LOV$ ! PEASANTS & DETE/$ 9TELLECTUALISM & AB/RACT SY/EMS1 ) !IR DOGMATISM & 9TOL]ANCE4 ,HE HAT$ ! MOD]N ,/ATE1 9DU/RIALISM1 & C5TRALIZATION4 ,HE HAD ! MO/ 9T5SE DISLIKE = ,JUDAISM1 :I* HE CONSID]$ LOQUACI\S1 9TRIGU+1 & EXPLOITATIVE4 ,ALL ?AT AU?ORITY & !ORIZ+ = :I* HE HAD AN 9/9CTIVE ABHORR5CE W]E1 = HIM1 9CORPORAT$ 9 ,M>X4 ,HE F\ND ,M>X'S SELF-E/EEM 9TOL]ABLE4 ,YET HE MA/]$ HIS SPIRITUAL REPUGNANCE & ANTAGONISM = ! SAKE ( BUILD+ ! MOVEM5T ( /RUGGLE T[>DS ,FRE$OM1 FROM LOYALTY TO ! WORK]S1 & FROM A S5SE ( JU/ICE TO ,M>X'S WOR? AS A MA/] 9 ! /RUGGLE4 ,BAKUN9'S LOYALTY & ASPIRATION AFT] FRI5D%IP W]E MAGNIFIC5T4 ,IT L5T HIM A /ATURE ?AT DW>FS ! 5VI\S & CONTEMPTIBLE ,M>X 9TO A M]E PYGMY4 ,) JU/ICE1 ,BAKUN9 SAYS ( ,M>X & HIS POLITICAL CIRCLE3- 

0,M>X LOV$ HIS [N P]SON MU* MORE ?AN HE LOV$ HIS FRI5DS & APO/LES1 & NO FRI5D%IP C\LD HOLD WAT] AGA9/ ! SLI<TE/ W\ND TO HIS VANITY4 ,HE W\LD F> MORE READILY =GIVE 9FIDELITY TO HIS PHILOSOPHICAL & SOCIALI/ SY/EM444,M>X WILL NEV] =GIVE A SLI<T TO HIS P]SON4 ,Y\ MU/ WOR%IP HIM1 MAKE AN IDOL ( HIM1 IF HE IS TO LOVE Y\ 9 RETURN2 Y\ MU/ AT LEA/ FE> HIM1 IF HE IS TO TOL]ATE Y\4 ,HE LIKES TO SURR\ND HIMSELF ) PYGMIES1 ) LACKEYS & FLATT]]S4 ,ALL ! SAME1 !RE >E SOME REM>KABLE M5 >\ND HIS 9TIMATES4 

0,9 G5]AL1 H[EV]1 ONE MAY SAY ?AT 9 ! CIRCLE ( ,M>X'S 9TIMATES !RE IS V]Y LITTLE BRO!RLY FRANKNESS1 BUT A GREAT DEAL ( MA*9ATION & DIPLOMACY4 ,!RE IS A SORT ( TACIT /RUGGLE1 & A COMPROMISE BETWE5 ! SELF-LOVES ( ! V>I\S P]SONS CONC]N$2 & :]E VANITY IS AT WORK1 !RE IS NO LONG] PLACE = BRO!RLY FEEL+4 ,EV]Y ONE IS ON HIS GU>D1 IS AFRAID ( BE+ SACRIFIC$1 ( BE+ ANNIHILAT$4 ,M>X'S CIRCLE IS A SORT ( MUTUAL ADMIRATION SOCIETY4 ,M>X IS ! *IEF DI/RIBUTOR ( HONORS1 BUT IS ALSO 9V>IABLY P]FIDI\S & MALICI\S1 ! NEV] FRANK & OP51 9CIT] TO ! P]SECUTION ( ?OSE :OM HE SUSPECTS1 OR :O GAVE HAD ! MIS=TUNE ( FALL+ TO %[ ALL ! V5]ATION HE EXPECTS4 

0,AS SOON AS HE HAS ORD]$ A P]SECUTION1 !RE IS NO LIMIT TO ! BAS5ESS & 9FAMY ( ! ME?OD4 ,HIMSELF A ,JEW1 HE HAS R\ND HIM 9 ,LONDON & 9 ,FRANCE1 & ABOVE ALL 9 ,G]MANY1 A NUMB] ( PETTY1 MORE ( LESS ABLE1 9TRIGU+1 MOBILE1 SPECULATIVE ,JEWS 7! SORT ( ,JEWS Y\ CAN F9D ALL OV] ! PLACE71 COMM]CIAL EMPLOYEES1 BANK CL]KS1 M5 ( LETT]S1 POLITICIANS1 ! CORRESPOND5TS ( NEWSPAP]S ( ! MO/ V>I\S %ADES ( OP9ION4 ,9 A WORD1 LIT]>Y GO-BETWE5S1 JU/ AS !Y >E F9ANCIAL GO-BETWE5S1 ONE FOOT 9 ! BANK1 ! O!R 9 ! ,SOCIALI/ ,MOVEM5T1 :ILE !IR RUMP IS 9 ,G]MAN P]IODICAL LIT]ATURE444 ,!SE ,JEWI% M5 ( LETT]S >E ADEPTS 9 ! >T ( C[>DLY1 ODI\S1 & P]FIDI\S 9S9UATIONS4 ,!Y SELDOM MAKE OP5 ACCUSATION1 BUT !Y 9S9UATE1 SAY+ !Y 'HAVE HE>D- IT IS SAID- IT MAY NOT BE TRUE1 BUT1' & !N !Y HURL ! MO/ ABOM9ABLE CALUMNIES 9 Y\R FACE40 

,BAKUN9 HAD A PR(\ND RESPECT = ,M>X'S 9TELLECTUAL ABILITIES & SCI5TIFIC EFFICI5CY4 ,:5 HE READ ,M>X'S ,CAPITAL HE WAS AMAZ$1 & PROMPTLY SET TO WORK UPON TRANSLAT+ IT 9TO ,RUSSIAN4 ,HE TRANSLAT$ ,! ,COMMUNI/ ,MANIFE/ 9TO ,RUSSIAN 9 #a#h#f#b4 

,WRIT+ TO ,H]Z51 ,BAKUN9 SAID3-- 

0,= FIVE & TW5TY YE>S ,M>X HAS S]V$ ! CAUSE ( ,SOCIALISM ABLY1 5]GETICALLY1 & LOYALLY1 TAK+ ! LEAD ( EV]Y ONE 9 ?IS MATT]4 ,I %\LD NEV] =GIVE MYSELF IF1 \T ( P]SONAL MOTIVES1 ,I W]E TO DE/ROY OR DIM9I% ,M>X'S B5EFICIAL 9FLU5CE4 ,/ILL ,I MAY BE 9VOLV$ 9 A /RUGGLE AGA9/ HIM1 NOT BECAUSE HE HAS W\ND$ ME P]SONALLY1 BUT BECAUSE ( ! ,/ATE ,SOCIALISM HE ADVOCATES40 

,BAKUN9 DESCRIBES H[ SIMPLE & P]SONAL WAS ! CAUSE ( ! /RUGGLE BE+ R5EW$4 ,HE WRITES3- 

0,AT ! PEACE ,CONGRESS 9 ,G5EVA1 ! VET]AN ,COMMUNI/1 ,BECK]1 GAVE ME ! FIR/1 & AS ( YET ONLY1 VOLUME ( ! EXTREMELY IMPORTANT1 LE>N$1 PR(\ND1 AL?\< V]Y AB/RACT WORK1 ,CAPITAL4 ,!N ,I MADE A T]RIBLE MI/AKE3 ,I =GOT TO WRITE ,M>X 9 ORD] TO ?ANK Y\444,I DID NOT HA/5 TO ?ANK HIM & TO PAY HIM A COMPLIM5T UPON HIS REALLY \T/&+ BOOK4 ,OLD ,PHILLIP ,BECK]1 :O HAD KN[N ,M>X = A V]Y LONG TIME1 SAID TO ME1 :5 HE HE>D ( ?IS =GETFULNESS3 ',:AT1 Y\ HAV5'T WRITT5 TO HIM YET8 ,M>X WILL NEV] =GIVE Y\6'0 

,BAKUN9 ?\<T ?AT HIS =GETFULNESS C\LD BE RANK$ AS A P]SONAL SLI<T & AN UNP>DONABLE DISC\RTESY4 ,BUT HE DID NOT BELIEVE ?AT IT C\LD LEAD TO A RESUMPTION ( HO/ILITIES4 ,IT DID4 ,FRAU ,M>X WROTE TO ,BECK] AS FOLL[S3- 

0,HAVE Y\ SE5 OR HE>D ANY?+ ( ,BAKUN98 ,MY HUSB& S5T HIM1 AS AN OLD ,HEGELIAN1 HIS BOOK- NOT A WORD OR A SIGN4 ,!RE MU/ BE SOME?+ UND]NEA? ?IS8 ,ONE CANNOT TRU/ ANY ( !SE ,RUSSIANS2 IF !Y >E NOT 9 ! S]VICE ( ! ,LITTLE ,FA!R 9 ,RUSSIA1 !N !Y >E 9 ,H]Z5'S S]VICE H]E1 :I* AM\NTS TO MU* ! SAME ?+40 

,BAKUN9 WAS UNABLE TO P]SUADE ! ,B]NE ,CONGRESS ( ! ,LEAGUE ( ,PEACE & ,FRE$OM TO ADOPT A REVOLUTION>Y PROGRAM & TO AFFILIATE TO ! ,9T]NATIONAL4 ,HE RESIGN$ AN 9 CONJUNCTION ) ,BECK]1 F\ND$ ! ,9T]NATIONAL ,ALLIANCE ( ,SOCIAL ,REVOLUTION>IES4 ,HIS AIM WAS TO AFFILIATE ! ,ALLIANCE TO ! ,9T]NATIONAL4 ,AT ?IS TIME1 ,BAKUN9'S PROGRAM WAS SOME:]E BETWE5 ?AT ( ,M>X & ,PR\DHON4 

,MEHR+ DESCRIBES ,BAKUN9'S PLACE 9 RELATION TO ,M>X AS FOLL[S3- 

0,BAKUN9 HAD ADVANC$ F> BEYOND ,PR\DHON1 HAV+ ABSORB$ A L>G] MEASURE ( ,EUROPEAN CULTURE2 & HE UND]/OOD ,M>X MU* BETT] ?AN ,PR\DHON HAD DONE4 ,BUT HE WAS NOT SO 9TIMATELY ACQUA9T$ ) ,G]MAN PHILOSOPHY AS ,M>X1 NOR HAD HE MADE SO ?OR\< A /UDY ( ! CLASS /RUGGLES ( ,WE/]N ,EUROPEAN NATIONS4 ,ABOVE ALL1 HIS IGNORANCE ( POLITICAL ECONOMY WAS MU* MORE DISA/R\S TO HIM ?AN IGNORANCE ( NATURAL SCI5CE HAD BE5 TO ,PR\DHON4 ,YET HE WAS REVOLUTION>Y ?R\< & ?R\<2 &1 LIKE ,M>X & ,LASSALLE1 HE HAD ! GIFT ( MAK+ PEOPLE LI/5 TO HIM4 

0,M>X FAVOR$ C5TRALISM1 AS MANIFE/$ 9 ! CONTEMPOR>Y ORGANIZATION ( ECONOMIC LIFE & ( ! ,/ATE2 ,BAKUN9 FAVOR$ F$]ALISM1 :I* HAD BE5 ! ORGANIZATIONAL PR9CIPLE ( ! PRECAPITALI/ ]A4 ,?AT WAS :Y ,BAKUN9 F\ND MO/ ( ?IS ADH]5TS 9 ,ITALY1 ,SPA91 & ,RUSSIA1 9 C\NTRIES :]E CAPITALI/ DEVELOPM5T WAS BACKW>D4 ,M>X'S SUPPORT]S1 ON ! O!R H&1 W]E RECRUIT$ FROM L&S ( ADVANC$ CAPITALI/ DEVELOPM5T1 ?OSE ) AN 9DU/RIAL PROLET>IAT4 ,! TWO M5 REPRES5T$ TWO SUCCESSIVE PHASES ( SOCIAL REVOLUTION4 ,FUR!RMORE1 ,BAKUN9 LOOK$ UPON MAN RA!R AS ! SUBJECT ( HI/ORY :O1 'HAV+ ! DEVIL 9 HIS BODY10 SPONTANE\SLY RIP5S = ! REVOLUTION1 & M]ELY NE$S TO HAVE HIS *A9S BROK52 BUT ,M>X REG>D$ MAN RA!R AS ! OBJECT1 :O MU* SL[LY BE TRA9$ = ACTION1 9 ORD] ?AT1 M>%AL$ = CLASS ACTIVITY1 HE MAY PLAY HIS P>T AS A FACTOR ( HI/ORY4 ,! TWO \TLOOKS MI<T HAVE BE5 COMB9$1 = 9 COMB9ATION !Y SUPPLY ! ACTUAL PICTURE ( MAN 9 HI/ORY4 ,BUT 9 ! CASE ( BO? ( !SE *AMPIONS1 ! NECESS>Y COMPROMISE WAS R5D]$ IMPOSSIBLE BY ! OR?ODOX RIGIDITY ( 9TELLECTUAL DOGMATISM1 BY DEFICI5T ELA/ICITY ( ! WILL1 & BY ! N>R[ CIRCUM/ANCES ( SPACE & TIME1 SO ?AT 9 ACTUAL FACT !Y BECAME ADV]S>IES4 ,!N1 [+ TO !IR RESPECTIVE TEMP]AM5TS1 [+ TO ! DIV]G5CES 9 M5TAL /RUCTURE :I* F\ND EXPRESSION 9 BEHAVIOR1 !IR OPPOSITION 9 CONCRETE MATT]S DEVELOP$ 9TO P]SONAL 5MITY40 

,MEHR+ DEF5DS ,M>X TOO ELOQU5TLY4 ,:5 WE GAZE AT ! WORLD TO-DAY1 & ! CONDITION ( ! ,LABOR ,MOVEM5T1 WE MU/ FEEL ?AT !RE WAS MU* MORE TO BE SAID = ,BAKUN9'S APPROA* ?AN = ?AT ( ,M>X4 

,9SPIR$ BY ,M>X1 ! ,G5]AL ,C\NCIL ( ! ,9T]NATIONAL REFUS$ TO ACCEPT ! AFFILIATION ( ! ,ALLIANCE4 ,! AFFILIATION WAS PROPOS$ BY ! ,G5EVESE SECTION :I* WAS L$ BY ,BAKUN94 

,M>X N[ D5\NC$ ! ,BAKUN9/ PROGRAM AS3 0AN OLLA PODRIDA ( WORN-\T COMMONPLACES1 ?\<TLESS *ATT]2 A ROSE-G>L& ( EMPTY MOTIONS1 & 9SIPID IMPROVIZATION40 

,M>X FE>$ ! 9FLU5CE ( ,BAKUN9 AMONG ! HOMEWORK]S 9 ! WAT*MAK+ 9DU/RY ( ! ,NEU*ATEL & ,B]NESE ,JURA4 ,9 #a#h#f#e1 ,DR4 ,C\LL]Y HAD F\ND$1 9 ,LA ,*AUX DES ,FONDS1 A SECTION ( ! ,9T]NATIONAL4 ,ITS PR9CIPAL LEAD] WAS ,JAMES ,GUILLAUME1 A TEA*] AT ! ,9DU/RIAL ,S*OOL 9 ,LE ,LOCLE4 ,! ,JURA SECTION WAS F$]ALI/ICALLY 9CL9$ & SOON BECAME >D5T SUPPORTS ( ,BAKUN94 ,HE AMALGAMAT$ !IR GR\PS 9TO A F$]AL C\NCIL2 F\ND$ A WEEKLY1 ,EGALITE1 & />T$ A VIGOR\S REVOLUTION>Y MOVEM5T4 ,9 ,LONDON ?IS >\S$ ! IMPRESSION ?AT ,BAKUN9 WAS TRY+ TO CAPTURE ! ,9T]NATIONAL4 ,AT ! ,BASLE ,CONGRESS ( ! ,9T]NATIONAL1 ON ,SEPTEMB] #e & #f1 #a#h#f#i1 ,BAKUN9 WAS NO LONG]1 AS HE HAD BE5 9 ,BRUSSELS1 ALONE AGA9/ ! ,M>XIAN FRONT1 BUT WAS BACK$ UP BY A RESOLUTE PHALANX ( SUPPORT]S4 ,IT WAS OBVI\S ?AT ,BAKUN9'S 9FLU5CE WAS ON ! 9CREASE4 ,?IS BECAME ESPECIALLY PLA9 DUR+ ! DISCUSSION ON ! QUE/ION ( DIRECT LEGISLATION BY ! PEOPLE 79ITIATIVE & REF]5DUM74 

,AT ?IS ,CONGRESS1 ,BAKUN9 ONCE MORE BR\<T TO A HEAD ! SL&]S ?AT ! ,M>XI/S HAD CIRCULAT$ CONC]N+ HIM4 ,HIS OPPON5TS HAD TRI$ TO *ECK HIS 9FLU5CE BY A FLOOD ( SUSPICIONS & 9VECTIVES4 

,9 #a#h#f#e1 ! ,DEMOKRATIS*ES ,WOKH5BLATT1 PUBLI%$ 9 ,LEIPZIG1 UND] ,WILHELM ,LIEBKNE*T'S $ITOR%IP1 ATTACK$ ,BAKUN9'S P]SONAL HONOR SEV]ELY4 ,AT ! SAME TIME1 ,BEBEL WROTE TO ,BECK] ?AT ,BAKUN9 WAS 0PROBABLY AN AG5T ( ! ,RUSSIAN ,GOV]NM5T40 ,LIEBKNE*T DECL>$ ?AT ,BAKUN9 WAS 9 ! ,CZ>'S PAY4 

,BAKUN9 SECUR$ ! APPO9TM5T ( A C\RT ( >BITRATION TO 9VE/IGATE ! *>GES4 ,LIEBKNE*T HAD NO PRO(S TO ADDUCE1 & DECL>$ ?AT HIS WORDS HAD BE5 MISUND]/OOD4 ,! JURY UNANIM\SLY AGRE$ ?AT ,LIEBKNE*T HAD BEHAV$ ) 0CRIM9AL LEVITY10 & MADE HIM GIVE ,BAKUN9 A WRITT5 APOLOGY4 ,! ADV]S>IES %OOK H&S BE=E ! ,CONGRESS4 ,BAKUN9 MADE A SPILL \T ( ! APOLOGY1 & LI<T$ A CIG>ETTE ) IT4 

,BAKUN9 NEV] TRI$ TO PAY BACK ,M>X 9 ! SAME CO94 ,MEHR+ SAYS ( ,BAKUN9'S WRIT+S1 ?AT 0WE %ALL LOOK 9 !M 9 VA9 = ANY TRACE ( V5OM T[>DS ! ,G5]AL ,C\NCIL ( T[>DS ,M>X40 ,BAKUN9 PRES]V$ SO KE5 A S5SE ( JU/ICE & SO SPL5DID A MAGNANIMITY1 ?AT ON ,JANU>Y #b#h1 #a#h#g#b1 WRIT+ TO ! 9T]NATIONALI/S ( ! ,ROMAGNA AB\T ,M>X & ! ,M>XI/S1 HE SAID3 -- 

0,=TUNATELY = ! ,9T]NATIONAL1 !RE EXI/$ 9 ,LONDON A GR\P ( M5 :O W]E EXTREMELY DEVOT$ TO ! GREAT ASSOCIATION1 & :O W]E1 9 ! TRUE S5SE ( ! WORDS1 ! REAL F\ND]S & 9ITIATORS ( ?AT BODY4 ,I SPEAK ( ! SMALL GR\P ( ,G]MANS :OSE LEAD] IS ,K>L ,M>X4 ,!SE E/IMABLE P]SONS REG>D AS AN 5EMY1 & MALTREAT ME AS SU* :5EV] & :]EV] !Y CAN4 ,!Y >E GREATLY MI/AK54 ,I AM 9 NO RESPECT !IR 5EMY1 & IT GIVES ME1 ON ! CONTR>Y1 LIVELY SATISFACTION :5 ,I AM ABLE TO DO !M JU/ICE4 ,I (T5 HAVE AN OPPORTUNITY ( DO+ SO1 = ,I REG>D !M AS G5U9ELY IMPORTANT & WOR?Y P]SONS1 9 RESPECT BO? ( 9TELLIG5CE & KN[L$GE1 & ALSO 9 RESPECT ( !IR PASSIONATE DEVOTION TO ! CAUSE ( ! PROLET>IAT & ( A LOYALTY TO ! CAUSE :I* HAS )/OOD EV]Y POSSIBLE TE/ -- A DEVOTION & A LOYALTY :I* HAVE BE5 PROV$ BY ! A*IEVEM5TS ( TW5TY YE>S4 ,M>X IS ! SUPREME ECONOMIC & SOCIALI/ G5IUS ( \R DAY4 ,9 ! C\RSE ( MY LIFE1 ,I HAVE COME 9TO CONTACT ) A GREAT MANY LE>N$ M51 BUT ,I KN[ NO ONE ELSE :O IS SO PR(\NDLY LE>N$ AS HE4 ,5GELS1 :O IS N[ SECRET>Y = ,ITALY & ,SPA91 ,M>X'S FRI5D & PUPIL1 IS ALSO A MAN ( \T/&+ 9TELLIG5CE4 ,AS LONG AGO AS #ahdf & #a#h#d#h1 WORK+ TOGE!R1 !Y F\ND$ ! ,P>TY ( ! ,G]MAN ,COMMUNI/S1 & !IR ACTIVITIES 9 ?IS DIRECTION HAVE CONT9U$ EV]Y S9CE4 ,M>X $IT$ ! PR(\ND & ADMIRABLE ,PREAMBLE TO ! ,PROVISIONAL ,RULES ( ! ,9T]NATIONAL1 & GAVE A BODY TO ! 9/9CTIVELY UNANIM\S ASPIRATIONS ( ! PROLET>IAT ( NE>LY ALL C\NTRIES ( ,EUROPE1 9 ?AT1 DUR+ ! YE>S #a#h#f#c-#a#h#f#d1 HE CONCEIV$ ! IDEA ( ! ,9T]NATIONAL & EFFECT$ ITS E/ABLI%M5T4 ,!SE >E GREAT & SPL5DID S]VICES1 & IT W\LD BE V]Y UNGRATEFUL ( US IF WE W]E RELUCTANT TO ACKN[L$GE !IR IMPORTANCE40 

,BAKUN9 EXPLA9S ! BREAK BETWE5 ,M>X & HIMSELF3 

0,M>X IS AN AU?ORIT>IAN & C5TRALIZ+ COMMUNI/4 ,HE WANTS :AT WE WANT1 ! COMPLETE TRIUMPH ( ECONOMIC & SOCIAL EQUALITY1 BUT HE WANTS IT 9 ! ,/ATE & ?R\< ! ,/ATE P[]1 ?R\< ! DICTATOR%IP ( A V]Y /RONG &1 SO TO SAY1 DESPOTIC PROVISIONAL GOV]NM5T1 ?AT IS1 BY ! NEGATION ( LIB]TY4 ,HIS ECONOMIC IDEAL IS ! ,/ATE AS SOLE [N] ( ! L& & ( ALL K9DS ( CAPITAL1 CULTIVAT+ ! L& ?R\< WELL-PAID AGRICULTURAL ASSOCIATIONS UND] ! MANAGEM5T ( ,/ATE 5G9E]S1 & CONTROLL+ ALL 9DU/RIAL & COMM]CIAL ASSOCIATIONS ) ,/ATE CAPITAL4 

0,WE WANT ! SAME TRIUMPH ( ECONOMIC & SOCIAL EQUALITY ?R\< ! ABOLITION ( ! ,/ATE1 & ( ALL ?AT PASS BY ! NAME ( \R LAW 7:I*1 9 \R VIEW1 IS ! P]MAN5T NEGATION ( HUMAN RI<TS74 ,WE WANT ! RECON/RUCTION ( SOCIETY1 & ! UNIFICATION ( MANK9D1 TO BE A*IEV$1 NOT FROM ABOVE D[NW>D1 BY ANY SORT ( AU?ORITY1 OR BY SOCIALI/ (FICIALS1 5G9E]S1 & O!R ACCR$IT$ M5 ( LE>N+ -- BUT FROM BEL[ UPW>DS1 BY ! FREE F$]ATION ( ALL K9DS ( WORK]S' ASSOCIATIONS LIB]AT$ FROM ! YOKE ( ! ,/ATE4 

0,Y\ SEE ?AT TWO !ORIES C\LD H>DLY BE MORE %>PLY OPPOS$ TO ONE ANO!R ?AN >E \RS4 ,BUT !RE IS ANO!R DIFF]5CE BETWE5 US1 A PURELY P]SONAL ONE4 

0,M>X HAS TWO ODI\S FAULTS3 HE IS VA9 & JEAL\S4 ,HE DETE/$ ,PR\DHON1 SIMPLY BECAUSE ,PR\DHON'S GREAT NAME & WELL-DES]V$ REPUTATION W]E PREJUDICIAL TO HIM4 ,!RE IS NO T]M ( ABUSE ?AT ,M>X HAS FAIL$ TO APPLY TO ,PR\DHON4 ,M>X IS EGOTI/ICAL TO ! PIT* ( 9SANITY4 ,HE TALKS ( 'MY IDEAS1' & CANNOT UND]/& ?AT IDEAS BELONG TO NO ONE 9 P>TICUL>1 BUT ?AT1 IF WE LOOK C>EFULLY1 WE %ALL ALWAYS F9D ?AT ! BE/ & GREATE/ IDEAS >E ! PRODUCT ( ! 9/9CTIVE LABOR ( ALL444,M>X1 :O WAS ALREADY CON/ITUTIONALLY 9CL9$ T[>DS SELF-GLORIFICATION1 WAS DEF9ITELY CORRUPT$ BY ! IDOLIZATION ( HIS DISCIPLES1 :O HAVE MADE A SORT ( DOCTR9AIRE POPE \T ( HIM4 ,NO?+ CAN BE MORE DISA/R\S TO ! M5TAL & MORAL HEAL? ( A MAN1 EV5 ?\< HE BE EXTREMELY 9TELLIG5T1 ?AN TO BE IDOLIZ$ & REG>D$ AS 9FALLIBLE4 ,ALL ?IS HAS MADE ,M>X EV5 MORE EGOTI/ICAL1 SO ?AT HE IS BEG9N+ TO LOA! EV]Y ONE :O WILL NOT B[ ! NECK BE=E HIM40 

,RUHLE HAD DEALT V]Y EXHAU/IVELY ) ! /EPS TAK5 BY ,M>X TO GET RID ( HIS HAT$ ADV]S>Y4 ,M>X ORGANIZ$ IRREGUL> CONF]5CES AT ,LONDON & ! ,HAGUE4 ,BAKUN91 ,GUILLAUME1 & ,S*UIZGULB$ W]E EXPELL$ BY ME?ODS S9CE EMPLOY$ BY ! ,?IRD ,9T]NATIONAL TO EXPEL ,TROTSKYI/S & O!R OPPON5TS ( PRES5T-DAY ,/AL9ISM4 ,! ,PURGE WAS ALWAYS A *>ACT]I/IC ( ,M>XISM4 ,A VICTORY WAS WON ?AT SECUR$ NO FRUIT4 ,M>X HAD TO ADMIT ?AT ! LA/ ,CONGRESS ( ! ,9T]NATIONAL1 HELD AT ,G5EVA1 9 ,SEPTEMB]1 #a#h#g#c1 WAS A COMPLETE FIASCO4 ,BECK] WROTE A LETT] TO ,S]GE DESCRIB+ ,M>X'S HOPELESS 9TRIGUES 9 CONNECTION ) ?IS ,CONGRESS4 

,M>X DECID$ TO ?R[ A LA/ H&FUL ( MUD AT ,BAKUN94 ,) ,5GELS & ,LAF>GUE1 HE UND]TOOK TO PUBLI% A REPORT ( ! *>GES MADE AGA9/ ,BAKUN91 UND] ! TITLE 0,DIE ,ALLIANZ ,D] ,SOZIALI/IS* 5 ,DEMOKRATIE ,UND ,DIE ,9T]NATIONAL ,>BEITASSOZIATION0 7,! ,ALLIANCE ( ! ,SOCIALI/ ,DEMOCRACY & ! ,9T]NATIONAL ,WORK+ ,M5'S ,ASSOCIATION74 ,EV]Y L9E ( ?IS REPORT IS A DI/ORTION1 EV]Y ALLEGATION AN 9JU/ICE1 EV]Y >GUM5T A FALSIFICATION & EV]Y WORD AN UNTRU?4 ,AS ,RUBLE SAYS1 EV5 ,MEHR+ AL?\< SO 9DULG5T TO ,M>X1 PLACES ?IS WORK 0AT ! L[E/ RANK0 AMONG ALL ?OSE PUBLI%$ BY ,M>X & ,5GELS4 

,BAKUN9 MET ! ATTACK ) RESIGNATION4 ,HE DESCRIB$ ! PAMPHLET AS A 0G5D>ME D5UNCIATION40 ,HE DECL>$ ?AT ,M>X1 URG$ ONW>DS BY FURI\S HATR$1 HAD UND]TAK5 TO EXPOSE HIMSELF BE=E ! PUBLIC 9 ! ROLE ( A SNEAK+ & CALUMNIATORY POLICE AG5T4 

,BAKUN9 ADD$3 -- 

0,?AT IS HIS [N AFFAIR2 &1 S9CE HE LIKES ! JOB1 LET HIM HAVE IT444 ,?IS HAS GIV5 ME AN 9T5SE LOA?+ ( PUBLIC LIFE4 ,I HAVE HAD 5\< ( IT4 ,I !RE=E )DRAW FROM ! >5A1 & ASK ONLY ONE ?+ FROM MY DE> CONTEMPOR>IES -- OBLIVION40 

,:5 ,BAKUN9 DI$1 ON ,JULY #a1 #a#h#g#h1 NO TRACE ( ! ,M>XIAN ,9T]NATIONAL REMA9$4 

,M>XISM DEG5]AT$ 9TO ! #bND ,9T]NATIONAL1 P>LIAM5T>Y OPPORTUNISM & C>E]ISM1 & ! ,NATIONALI/IC SUPPORT ( ! ,FIR/ ,GREAT ,W>4 ,AFT] ?AT W>1 IT GAVE US ! MA*9ATIONS ( ! #cRD ,9T]NATIONAL1 ! ASSASS9ATION ( ,SOCIALI/S & ,SOCIALISM1 9 ,SOVIET ,RUSSIA2 ! DEBACLE 9 ,G]MANY1 ! BETRAYAL 9 ,SPA9 LEAD+ TO ! TRIUMPH ( ,FASCISM2 &1 F9ALLY1 ! DICTATOR%IP DIPLOMACY :I* RELEAS$ ! ,SECOND ,GREAT ,W> BY SIGN+ A PACT ) ,G]MANY2 ! GREAT ,/AL9-,HITL] ALLIANCE1 ! ,SOVIET-,NAZI PACT4 ,M>XISM IS DEAD2 & ! WORLD ( LIB]T>IAN /RUGGLE RECALLS ! WISDOM & ! DEFIANCE ( ,BAKUN94 ,M>X IS DEAD & ,BAKUN9 /RIDES ON1 LEAD+ ! WORK]S ( ! WORLD ON TO ! CONQUE/ ( BREAK & FRE$OM -- & ROSES TOO4 ,TODAY1 ! NAME ( ,BAKUN9 IS L9K$ HI/ORICALLY & TRADITIONALLY ) ! EMANCIPATION ( ! HUMAN RACE4 ,9 DEA?1 HE IS SYMBOL ( ANTI-,FASCISM4 ,HE IS LEG5D1 P[]1 & REALITY4 

,FROM 3 ,!,AN>*I/,LIBR>Y4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,NOVEMB] #c1 #aici 3 ,APP5DIX #a -- ,PUBLICATION4 
,SEPTEMB] #a#c1 #bba 3 ,APP5DIX #a -- ,ADD$4 

 FILE G5]AT$ FROM 3  
HTTP3_/_/REVOLTLIB4COM_/