,*APT] #a 
,BIR?1 ,P>5TAGE1 & ,DESC5T 

#aidaid 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,GUY ,ALDR$ 

,TEXT 3 

,MI*EL ,ALEX&ROVIT* ,BAKUN9 WAS BORN ON ,MAY #h?1 #a#h#a#d1 AT ! FAMILY SEAT ( HIS FA!R1 AT ,PRYAMU*9A1 SITUAT$ BETWE5 ,MOSC[ & ,/4 ,PET]SBURG1 R5AM$ ,PETROGRAD A C5TURY LAT]1 & N[ CALL$ ,L5+RAD4 ,:AT A CYCLE ( HI/ORY !SE *ANGES 9DICATE6 

,BAKUN9 WAS BORN TWO YE>S AFT] HIS FRI5D1 ,ALEX&] ,H]Z51 FIR/ SAW ! LI<T BY ! FIRES ( ,MOSC[4 ,?OSE FIRES W]E LIT BY ! ORD] ( ,PR9CE ,RO/OP*91 AS 9TELLIG5T AS REACTION>Y A MAN1 9 ORD] TO DRIVE ,NAPOLEON & HIS ,GR& ,>MY \T ( ! ,RUSSIAN ,CAPITAL4 ,RO/OPS*9 CONSID]$ ?AT ,RUSSIA FAC$ A GRAV] 5EMY 9 H] IDEALI/IC NOBILITY ?AN 9 ANY =EIGN 9VAD]S4 ,HE OBS]V$ ?AT1 9 O!R C\NTRIES1 >I/OCRATS PLANN$ 9SURRECTION 9 ORD] TO SECURE P[] = !MSELVES3 & DEMOCRACY ROSE AGA9/ ! >I/OCRACY 9 ORD] TO BROAD5 ! BASIS ( PRIVILEGE1 TO WID5 ! OPPORTUNITY & ILLUSION ( P[]3 BUT 9 ,RUSSIA ! PRIVILEG$ & ! >I/OCRATS PLOTT$ REVOLUTION1 & RISK$ T]RIBLE OPPRESSION & P]SECUTION1 ) NO O!R OBJECT ?AN ! ABOLITION ( !IR [N PRIVILEGES4 ,NOT ONLY ,BAKUN9'S C>E]1 BUT ! /ORY ( HIS FA!R1 TIMID SKEPTIC ?\< HE WAS1 & ( HIS RELATIVES1 BE> \T ! TRU? ( ,RO/OPS*9'S OBS]VATION4 

,! FUTURE APO/LE ( ,NIHILISM WAS ! SON ( A WEAL?Y L&$ PROPRIETOR1 :O BOA/$ A L9E ( >I/OCRATIC ANCE/ORS4 ,HE WAS V]Y RI* & WAS :AT WAS !N CALL$ ! [N] ( A ?\S& SLAVES4 ,ONLY ! M5 W]E C\NT$4 ,WOM5 DID NOT C\NT4 ,EV5 AS SLAVES1 !Y W]E )\T CONSEQU5CE4 ,!Y W]E \T ( ! BILL 5TIRELY4 ,?US HE WAS ! UNRE/RICT$ RUL] ( #b1 SLAVES1 M5 & WOM54 ,HE HAD ! RI<T TO SELL !M1 TO BANI% !M TO ,SIB]IA1 OR TO GIVE !M TO ! ,/ATE AS SOLDI]S4 ,TO SPEAK PLA9LY1 HE C\LD ROB !M & 5JOY HIMSELF AT !IR EXP5SE4 

,AS A *ILD ( N9E YE>S ( AGE1 HE BE5 S5T TO ,ITALY1 TO ! ,RUSSIAN ,EMBASSY 9 ,FLOR5CE4 ,!RE1 9 ! H\SE ( ! ,RUSSIAN ,M9I/]1 :O WAS RELAT$ TO ! FAMILY1 HE WAS BR\<T UP & $UCAT$4 ,AT ! AGE ( ?IRTY-FIVE HE RETURN$ TO ,RUSSIA4 ,ONE CAN SAY1 !RE=E1 ?AT HE SP5T HIS Y\? & RECEIV$ HIS $UCATION ABROAD4 ,HE RETURN$ TO ,RUSSIA A MAN ( 9TELLECT & CULTURE1 A TRUE PHILAN?ROPI/1 POSSESS$ ( A BROAD M9D & G5]\S SYMPA?IES4 ,HE WAS A ,FREE?9K] BUT NOT AN ,A!I/4 ,HE HAD [$ HIS SOJ\RN ABROAD TO ! FACT ?AT HIS UNCLE1 ALSO A ,BAKUN91 HAD BE5 ,M9I/] ( ! ,9T]IOR1 UND] ,CA!R9E ,I,I4 

,PET] ! ,GREAT HAD 9TRODUC$ ,EUROPEAN ,CIVILIZATION 9TO ,RUSSIA4 ,9 HIS RU?LESS WAY1 HE =C$ ! >I/OCRATIC PROPRIETORS TO %AVE (F !IR BE>DS1 SMOKE TOBACCO1 & ACCOMPANY !IR WIVES & DAU<T]S 9TO SOCIETY4 ,HE TORE Y\NG M51 LIT]ALLY1 FROM !IR FAMILIES1 & S5T !M ABROAD TO /UDY4 ,?IS *ANG$ ! LIFE ( ! ,RUSSIAN >I/OCRACY SUP]FICIALLY4 ,B5EA? ! ACQUIR$ >TIFICIALITIES1 !Y REMA9$ B>B>IANS1 SLAVES ( ,CZ>ISM1 DEBAS$ RUL]S1 & \TRAG]S ( !IR [N S]FS4 ,BUT 9 ITS TRA91 ?IS PRET5SE ( CIVILIZATION BR\<T PHILOSOPHY & LIT]ATURE4 ,ONE CANNOT PLAY AT CULTURE )\T BE+ AFFECT$ BY CULTURE 9 CONSEQU5CE4 ,IT IS DANG]\S EV5 = ,CZ>ISM TO PLAY ) FIRE4 ,! F+]S ( AU?ORITY >E B\ND TO BE BURNT1 A LITTLE4 

,CA!R9E ,I,I41 :OM ,BAKUN9'S GR&-UNCLE S]V$1 PLAY$ MORE D>+LY ) ! FIRE ?AN ,PET] ! ,GREAT & SO BURNT ! F+]S ( ! AUTOCRACY MORE S]I\SLY ?AN DID ! MI<TY CRU%+ WORKMAN ,CZ>1 ! HUGE ANIMAL AUTOCRAT4 ,CA!R9E1 :O DI$ 9 #a#g#h#f1 :5 ,EUROPEAN ,REVOLUTION & ?\<T WAS AT ITS HEI<T1 HAD P]SONAL NE$ ( LIT]ATURE & PHILOSOPHY1 & ( COMPANION%IP 9 ?\<T4 ,%E =C$ ! /UDY ( ! GREAT WORKS ( ! P]IOD UPON H] NOBLES4 ,%E WAS ! FRI5D ( ,VOLTAIRE & ,DID]OT1 & CORRESPOND$ ) ,5CYCLOP$I/S4 ,%E COMM&$ !IR WORKS TO BE READ4 ,%E WOR%IP$ CIVILIZATION & DEIFI$ AB/RACT HUMANITY- V]Y AB/RACT-YET V]Y DANG]\S TO DESPOTISM4 ,NATURALLY1 9VOLUNT>ILY1 H] NOBLES BECAME PHILOSOPH]S AS !Y MI<T HAVE BECOME HANGM51 HAD %E COMM&$ !M TO DO SO4 ,! EFFECT ON !IR MANN]S WAS TO ! GOOD1 H[EV]1 & !IR 9TELLECT SUFF]$ NO H>M4 ,\T ( ?IS COMPULSORY READ+ ( LIT]ATURE1 LOVE ( PHILOSOPHY GREW1 & SMALL PIONE] GR\PS ( >I/OCRATS W]E =M$1 = :OM ! %9+ IDEA ( ! EPO*1 ! IDEA ( HUMANITY1 :I* %\LD SUP]S$E 5TIRELY ?AT ( ! DEITY1 WAS ! GREAT REVELATION4 ,IT UNFOLD$ ITSELF 9 !IR LIVES1 BECAME AT ONCE ! F\NDATION & ! IDEAL ( !IR EXI/5CE1 A NEW RELIGION4 ,!Y BECAME ITS ,APO/LES1 ITS PROPAG&I/S1 & ! REAL F\ND]S ( ,RUSSIAN ?\<T & LIT]ATURE4 ,CA!R9E HAD BUILT BETT] ?AN %E 9T5D$2 & AL?\<1 FROM FE>1 %E SUPPRESS$ ! MOVEM5T1 & CRUELLY P]SECUT$ ITS LEAD]S1 ! /ONE ( ! TEMPLE HAD BE5 LAID & ! BUILD+ ( ! TEMPLE C\LD NOT BE /OPP$4 ,! BUILD+ PROCE$$ /EADILY1 ?\< SECRETLY1 DUR+ ! REIGNS ( ,PAUL ,I4 7#a#g#i#f-#a#h#a7 & ,ALEX&] ,I4 7#a#h#a-#a#h#b#e71 UNTIL IT />TL$ ! WORLD ( 0,NI*OLAS ) ! ,BIG ,/ICK0 BY ITS PROPORTIONS & EXT5T4 ,!RE CAN BE NO D\BT ?AT ,BAKUN9'S FA!R [$ HIS LIB]AL $UCATION TO ! PHILOSOPHIC AMBITION ( ,CA!R9E ,I,I4 ,TO H] FE>S1 & ?OSE ( H] SUCCESSORS1 WAS DUE ! CONDITION ( ,RUSSIA TO :I* HE RETURN$4 

,HE RETURN$ TO ,RUSSIA1 AT ! AGE ( ?IRTY-FIVE1 A MEMB] ( ! ,RUSSIAN DIPLOMATIC S]VICE1 ) NO IMM$IATE 9T5TION ( QUITT+ IT4 ,BUT ! >I/OCRATIC WORLD ( ,/4 ,PET]SBURG MADE SU* A REPULSIVE IMPRESSION ON HIM1 ?AT HE T5D]$ HIS RESIGNATION VOLUNT>ILY & IMM$IATELY1 & RETIR$ TO HIS FAMILY SEAT1 :I* HE NEV] LEFT EV5 = A DAY4 ,H]E HIS DOORS W]E NEV] CLOS$1 SO TO SPEAK1 SO L>GE WAS ! NUMB] ( VISITORS & FRI5DS :O CALL$ UPON HIM4 ,HIS SYMPA?IES W]E ) ! ADVANC$ CIRCLES ( >I/OCRATIC ?\<T-LEGACY ( ,CA!R9E'S FOOLI% TRIFL+ ) PHILOSOPHY1 :I* !N SPREAD !IR IDEAS 9 ,RUSSIA3 & HE V5TUR$1 NOT )\T CAUTION1 YET QUITE DEF9ITELY1 TO ASSOCIATE HIMSELF ) !M4 ,FROM #ahae TO #a#h#b#e1 HE TOOK P>T 9 ! ,SECRET ,SOCIETY ( ,NOR? ,RUSSIA4 ,MORE ?AN ONCE HE WAS ASK$ TO BECOME ,PRESID5T4 ,BUT HE WAS TOO GREAT A SKEPTIC & TOO CAUTI\S TO ACCEPT4 

,DEISM WAS ! LIMIT ( HIS ?\<T1 ! ,DEISM ?AT HIS SON 9 LAT] YE>S CA/IGAT$ SO EFFECTIVELY4 ,?\< ,DEISM WAS ! EXT5T ( HIS PHILOSOPHY1 HE WAS 9SPIR$ BY ! SPIRIT ( SCI5TIFIC & PHILOSOPHIC 9QUIRY1 :I* WAS !N F9D+ A HOME 9 ,EUROPE4 ,IT WAS ! ,AGE ( ,REASON & ( ! ,RI<T ( ,MAN1 IF NOT YET ( WOMAN4 ,& ,BAKUN9'S FA!R REJOIC$ 9 ! SPIRIT ( ! AGE4 ,HE WAS A KE5 /UD5T ( NATURE & POSSESS$ A BURN+ DESIRE TO UND]/& ! WORK+ ( NATURAL PH5OM5A4 ,NATURE HE LOV$1 & NEXT TO NATURE1 ?\<T4 ,! ,LIB]ALISM ( HIS M9D REVOLT$ AGA9/ ! T]RIBLE & DEGRAD+ POSITION ( SLAVE-DEAL]4 

,SEV]AL TIMES HE GAVE HIS SLAVES ! OPPORTUNITY TO DEM& !IR EMANCIPATION & TO BECOME FREE4 ,BUT HE TOOK ALWAYS ! WRONG MEASURES & DID NOT SUCCE$ 9 HIS WI% & CIRCUM/ANCE & LONG/&+ HABIT CONQU]$1 & HE REMA9$ QUIETLY AN [N]1 JU/ LIKE MANY ( HIS NEI<BORS1 :O ALL LOOK$1 ) COMPLAC5T UNCONC]N1 UPON ! HUNDR$ ( HUMAN BE+S :O LIV$ 9 BONDAGE1 & ON :OSE LABOR !Y FATT5$4 

,SLAV]Y CANNOT BE ABOLI%$ PIECE-MEAL4 ,A PREVAIL+ SOCIAL DISORD]1 5TR5*$ 9 ! RUL+ 9T]E/S ( ! DAY1 & SO HAV+ A HUNDR$ OR MORE ECONOMIC MANIFE/ATIONS1 A COMPLETE N]V\S SY/EM ( CORRUPTION & DEGRADATION HAS TO BE ABOLI%$ 5TIRELY ?R\<\T ! >EA ?AT IT COV]S3 IT HAS TO BE ROOT$ UP4 ,ONE CANNOT DE/ROY ! EVIL BY LOPP+ (F ITS BRAN*ES4 ,! AX MU/ BE LAID TO ! ROOTS4 

,FROM 3 ,!,AN>*I/,LIBR>Y4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,NOVEMB] #c1 #aici 3 ,*APT] #a -- ,PUBLICATION4 
,SEPTEMB] #a#c1 #bba 3 ,*APT] #a -- ,ADD$4 

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