,BAKUN9 

#aid 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,GUY ,ALDR$ 

,SECTIONS 7,T,O,C7 3 
     

O ,=EWORDS 

      #ffd ,WORDS2 #d1#a#e#e ,*>ACT]S     

O ,*APT] #a 3 ,BIR?1 ,P>5TAGE1 & ,DESC5T 

      #a1#b#h#a ,WORDS2 #g1#h#c#a ,*>ACT]S     

O ,*APT] #b 3 ,BOYHOOD & ,HOME ,LIFE 

      #fgc ,WORDS2 #d1#e#d ,*>ACT]S     

O ,*APT] #c 3 ,! ,>TILL]Y ,S*OOL ,TO ,MOSC[ 

      #a1#h#i ,WORDS2 #a#a1#f#d ,*>ACT]S     

O ,*APT] #d 3 ,OP5+ AN ,EPO* 

      #a1#a#c#g ,WORDS2 #g1#i#a ,*>ACT]S     

O ,*APT] #e 3 ,H]Z5'S ,9FLU5CE 

      #c1#b#c#e ,WORDS2 #b1#a#e#a ,*>ACT]S     

O ,*APT] #f 3 ,! ,FR5* & ,G]MAN ,SPIRIT 

      #a1#c#a#e ,WORDS2 #h1#b#c#d ,*>ACT]S     

O ,*APT] #g 3 ,BE=E ! ,/ORM 

      #hcd ,WORDS2 #e1#b#f#b ,*>ACT]S     

O ,*APT] #h 3 ,\T ( ,*AOS 

      #b1#a#b#i ,WORDS2 #a#c1#c#h#d ,*>ACT]S     

O ,*APT] #i 3 ,9 ,EXILE & ,ACTION 

      #a1#e#f#h ,WORDS2 #i1#e#d#d ,*>ACT]S     

O ,*APT] #a 3 ,IMPRISONM5T1 ,CONFESSION1 ,& ,ESCAPE6 

      #c1#c#i#f ,WORDS2 #b1#h#a#d ,*>ACT]S     

O ,*APT] #aa 3 ,! ,RETREAT ( ,H]Z5 

      #ihd ,WORDS2 #f1#b#g ,*>ACT]S     

O ,*APT] #ab 3 ,BAKUN9'S ,9FLU5CE 

      #ga ,WORDS2 #d1#d#f#g ,*>ACT]S     

O ,*APT] #ac 3 ,BAKUN9'S ,COMMUNISM 

      #a1#c#e#f ,WORDS2 #h1#e#e#f ,*>ACT]S     

O ,*APT] #ad 3 ,SLAV ,AGA9/ ,TEUTON 

      #a1#d#e#e ,WORDS2 #i1#h#e ,*>ACT]S     

O ,*APT] #ae 3 ,M>X & ,BAKUN93 ,AN ,E/IMATE 

      #gcc ,WORDS2 #d1#g#b#e ,*>ACT]S     

O ,APP5DIX #a 3 ,M>X & ,BAKUN9 

      #d1#e#d#f ,WORDS2 #b#h1#e#h#a ,*>ACT]S     

O ,APP5DIX #b 3 ,! ,*ALL5GE ,( ,CATALONIA 

      #a1#h#h#c ,WORDS2 #a#b1#a#d#f ,*>ACT]S     

O ,BIBLIOGRAPHICAL ,APP5DIX 

      #b1#d#b ,WORDS2 #a#b1#g#c#i ,*>ACT]S     

O ,AU?OR'S ,APPEAL 

      #ddb ,WORDS2 #b1#g#a#c ,*>ACT]S 

,SECTIONS 7,CONT5T7 3 

O ,=EWORDS 

,UNTIL ,I COMM5C$ TO PUBLI% TRANSLATIONS ( ,BAKUN9'S WRIT+S1 & ACC\NTS ( 9CID5TS 9 HIS C>E]1 9 ! ,H]ALD ( ,REVOLT 7#a#i#a-#a#d71 ,! ,SPUR 7#a#i#a#d-#b#a71 ,! ,COMMUNE 7#a#i#b#c-#b#i71 & ,! ,C\NCIL 7#a#i#b#c-#c#c71 LITTLE ( ! GREAT ,RUSSIAN ,NIHILI/'S LIFE OR ?\<T WAS TO BE F\ND 9 ,5GLI% EXCEPT HIS 0,GOD & ! ,/ATE0 -- ITSELF BUT AN 9DIGE/IBLE FRAGM5T4 ,I PUBLI%$ AN ABRIDG$ $ITION ( HIS WORK 9 ,AUGU/1 #a#i#b1 & ISSU$1 %ORTLY AFT]W>DS1 MY 0LIFE0 ( ,BAKUN94 ,9 ! PRES5T BOOK1 ?AT LIFE HAS BE5 REVIS$ & RE-WRITT5 COMPLETELY4 ,ALL ! ESSAYS FROM ,BAKUN9'S P5 PUBLI%$ BY ME HAVE BE5 COLLECT$ & WILL BE PUBLI%$ AS A SEP>ATE & COMPLETE WORK4 

,FROM ! =EWORD TO ! #aib BIOGRAPHY1 DAT$ FROM 0,BAKUN9 ,H\SE1 ,GLASG[1 ,N4,W41 ,NOVEMB]1 #a#i#b10 ,I SELECT ! FOLL[+ PASSAGE1 EXPLANATORY ( MY REASON = PUBLI%+ A /UDY ( ,BAKUN9 3 -- 

0,H[ F> P]SONS MAY BE DEEM$ ! EMBODIM5T ( EPO*S IS A DEBATABLE QUE/ION4 ,IT IS1 AT LEA/1 C]TA9 ?AT HI/ORY GA9S 9 FASC9ATION FROM BE+ TREAT$ AS A CON/ANT SUCCESSION ( BIOGRAPHIES4 ,ASSUR$LY1 MORE ?AN ,LU!R & HIS CIRCLE W]E NECESS>Y TO EFFECT ! ,RE=MATION4 ,BUT :O WILL D5Y ?AT TO GLEAN ! *>ACT]S ( ,LU!R1 ,MELANE?ON1 & ,ZW+I GIVES *>M TO \R KN[L$GE ( ! P]IOD8 ,& DO NOT ! BOLDNESS ( M5 & C]TA9 NOTABLE SAY+S REMA9 ) US AS MATT]S ( CONSEQU5CE TO BE REMEMB]$ 9 SONG & /ORY1 :IL/ ! AB/RACT PR9CIPLES = :I* !Y /OOD BORE US NOT A LITTLE8 ,:O ( US WILL C>E TO FOLL[ ALL ! TE*NICAL WORK ACCOMPLI%$ BY ,WIEKLIF :5 HE PIONE]$ ! PUBLIC READ+ ( ! ,BIBLE 9 ,5GLI% OR TURN$ ASIDE FROM HIS S*OL>LY ,LAT9 TO BOLD WRIT+S 9 \R NATIVE TONGUE8 ,WE REMEMB] ONLY ?AT HE DID !SE ?+S4 ,=GETT+ HIS ]RORS1 9 SO F> AS HE 9CL9$ T[>DS OR?ODOXY1 WE L+] ) ADMIRATION OV] HIS BRAVE DECL>ATION :5 HE /OOD ALONE AGA9/ 9T]E/ & PREJUDICE3 ',I BELIEVE ?AT ! ,TRU? WILL PREVAIL4' ,& SO1 :5 WE SPEAK ( ,FREE ,PRESS1 WE ?9K ( ONE MAN1 ,RI*>D ,C>LILE1 AS TYPIFY+ & EMBODY+ ! /RUGGLE ?\< ASSUR$LY HIS WORK WAS MADE POSSIBLE ONLY BY ! DEVOT$ B& ( M5 & WOM5 :O RALLI$ R\ND 9 HI/ORIC BATTLE = ! FREE PRESS4 

0,9 LIKE FA%ION1 :5 WE SPEAK ( ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION & ,COMMUNISM \R ?\<TS TURN TO ,MI*EL ,BAKUN9 & ,ALEX&] ,H]Z54 ,! LATT] WAS ! FA!R ( REVOLUTION>Y ,NIHILISM4 ,BUT HE REP5T$ ( HIS (FSPR+4 ,BAKUN9 NEV] REP5T$4 

0,I HAVE 5DEAVOR$ TO GIVE A TRUE PORTRAIT ( ,BAKUN9 9 RELATION TO ! REVOLUTION & HIS EPO*4 ,MY AIM HAS BE5 TO PICTURE ! MAN AS HE WAS -- A MI<TY ELEM5TAL =CE1 (T5 AT FAULT1 ALWAYS 9 E>NE/1 /R5U\S & 9SPIR+40 

,?IS REVIS$ BIOGRAPHY IS A RECORD ( ,BAKUN9'S LIFE & /RUGGLE1 & ! EVOLUTION ( HIS ?\<T2 ! /ORY ( ! WORK+-CLASS MOVEM5T FROM #ahad TO #a#h#g#f2 & ( ! ?\<T & ATTITUDE ( ,BAKUN9'S P>5TS & !IR 9FLU5CE ON HIS M5TAL GR[? & REACTION TO OPPRESSION4 ,! /ORY M]ITS TELL+ WELL3 BUT IT IS SO 9T]E/+ 9 ITSELF1 ?AT IT WILL SURVIVE BE+ TOLD BADLY1 UNTIL AN ABL] P5 RELATES IT ) ! P[] EQUAL TO ITS ?RILL+ IMPORTANCE4 

,G,L,A,S,G,[1 ,SEPTEMB]1 #a#i#c#c4 

,A FEW *APT]S ( ?IS REVIS$ ,M,S4 W]E PR9T$ BY A ,FR5* COMRADE 9 #a#i#c#d1 :O PUBLI%$ ALSO A ,FR5* $ITION4 ,!RE W]E 9NUM]ABLE ]RORS & ! COMRADE 9V5T$ HIS [N *APT] HEAD+S1 :I* SOMETIMES MADE AMAZ+ READ+4 ,?US3 ,BAKUN9 ,HAS ,! ,TIME ,( ,HIS ,LIFE40 ,?IS WAS ONE HEAD+ :I* /RUCK ME AS BE+ BO? FUNNY & />TL+ 9 A SOB] BIOGRAPHY4 

,S9CE ?IS ,M,S4 WAS PREP>$1 ! ,SPANI% /RUGGLE AGA9/ ,FASCISM1 & ! ,WORLD ,W>1 HAS MADE ! /UDY ( ,BAKUN9'S LIFE A MATT] ( URG5T IMPORTANCE4 ,HE IS ! GREAT WORLD PIONE] ( RESI/ANCE TO ,FASCISM4 

,G,L,A,S,G,[1 ,AUGU/ #b1 #a#i#d4 

,G,U,Y ,A4 ,A,L,D,R,$ 

O ,*APT] #a 3 ,BIR?1 ,P>5TAGE1 & ,DESC5T 

,MI*EL ,ALEX&ROVIT* ,BAKUN9 WAS BORN ON ,MAY #h?1 #a#h#a#d1 AT ! FAMILY SEAT ( HIS FA!R1 AT ,PRYAMU*9A1 SITUAT$ BETWE5 ,MOSC[ & ,/4 ,PET]SBURG1 R5AM$ ,PETROGRAD A C5TURY LAT]1 & N[ CALL$ ,L5+RAD4 ,:AT A CYCLE ( HI/ORY !SE *ANGES 9DICATE6 

,BAKUN9 WAS BORN TWO YE>S AFT] HIS FRI5D1 ,ALEX&] ,H]Z51 FIR/ SAW ! LI<T BY ! FIRES ( ,MOSC[4 ,?OSE FIRES W]E LIT BY ! ORD] ( ,PR9CE ,RO/OP*91 AS 9TELLIG5T AS REACTION>Y A MAN1 9 ORD] TO DRIVE ,NAPOLEON & HIS ,GR& ,>MY \T ( ! ,RUSSIAN ,CAPITAL4 ,RO/OPS*9 CONSID]$ ?AT ,RUSSIA FAC$ A GRAV] 5EMY 9 H] IDEALI/IC NOBILITY ?AN 9 ANY =EIGN 9VAD]S4 ,HE OBS]V$ ?AT1 9 O!R C\NTRIES1 >I/OCRATS PLANN$ 9SURRECTION 9 ORD] TO SECURE P[] = !MSELVES3 & DEMOCRACY ROSE AGA9/ ! >I/OCRACY 9 ORD] TO BROAD5 ! BASIS ( PRIVILEGE1 TO WID5 ! OPPORTUNITY & ILLUSION ( P[]3 BUT 9 ,RUSSIA ! PRIVILEG$ & ! >I/OCRATS PLOTT$ REVOLUTION1 & RISK$ T]RIBLE OPPRESSION & P]SECUTION1 ) NO O!R OBJECT ?AN ! ABOLITION ( !IR [N PRIVILEGES4 ,NOT ONLY ,BAKUN9'S C>E]1 BUT ! /ORY ( HIS FA!R1 TIMID SKEPTIC ?\< HE WAS1 & ( HIS RELATIVES1 BE> \T ! TRU? ( ,RO/OPS*9'S OBS]VATION4 

,! FUTURE APO/LE ( ,NIHILISM WAS ! SON ( A WEAL?Y L&$ PROPRIETOR1 :O BOA/$ A L9E ( >I/OCRATIC ANCE/ORS4 ,HE WAS V]Y RI* & WAS :AT WAS !N CALL$ ! [N] ( A ?\S& SLAVES4 ,ONLY ! M5 W]E C\NT$4 ,WOM5 DID NOT C\NT4 ,EV5 AS SLAVES1 !Y W]E )\T CONSEQU5CE4 ,!Y W]E \T ( ! BILL 5TIRELY4 ,?US HE WAS ! UNRE/RICT$ RUL] ( #b1 SLAVES1 M5 & WOM54 ,HE HAD ! RI<T TO SELL !M1 TO BANI% !M TO ,SIB]IA1 OR TO GIVE !M TO ! ,/ATE AS SOLDI]S4 ,TO SPEAK PLA9LY1 HE C\LD ROB !M & 5JOY HIMSELF AT !IR EXP5SE4 

,AS A *ILD ( N9E YE>S ( AGE1 HE BE5 S5T TO ,ITALY1 TO ! ,RUSSIAN ,EMBASSY 9 ,FLOR5CE4 ,!RE1 9 ! H\SE ( ! ,RUSSIAN ,M9I/]1 :O WAS RELAT$ TO ! FAMILY1 HE WAS BR\<T UP & $UCAT$4 ,AT ! AGE ( ?IRTY-FIVE HE RETURN$ TO ,RUSSIA4 ,ONE CAN SAY1 !RE=E1 ?AT HE SP5T HIS Y\? & RECEIV$ HIS $UCATION ABROAD4 ,HE RETURN$ TO ,RUSSIA A MAN ( 9TELLECT & CULTURE1 A TRUE PHILAN?ROPI/1 POSSESS$ ( A BROAD M9D & G5]\S SYMPA?IES4 ,HE WAS A ,FREE?9K] BUT NOT AN ,A!I/4 ,HE HAD [$ HIS SOJ\RN ABROAD TO ! FACT ?AT HIS UNCLE1 ALSO A ,BAKUN91 HAD BE5 ,M9I/] ( ! ,9T]IOR1 UND] ,CA!R9E ,I,I4 

,PET] ! ,GREAT HAD 9TRODUC$ ,EUROPEAN ,CIVILIZATION 9TO ,RUSSIA4 ,9 HIS RU?LESS WAY1 HE =C$ ! >I/OCRATIC PROPRIETORS TO %AVE (F !IR BE>DS1 SMOKE TOBACCO1 & ACCOMPANY !IR WIVES & DAU<T]S 9TO SOCIETY4 ,HE TORE Y\NG M51 LIT]ALLY1 FROM !IR FAMILIES1 & S5T !M ABROAD TO /UDY4 ,?IS *ANG$ ! LIFE ( ! ,RUSSIAN >I/OCRACY SUP]FICIALLY4 ,B5EA? ! ACQUIR$ >TIFICIALITIES1 !Y REMA9$ B>B>IANS1 SLAVES ( ,CZ>ISM1 DEBAS$ RUL]S1 & \TRAG]S ( !IR [N S]FS4 ,BUT 9 ITS TRA91 ?IS PRET5SE ( CIVILIZATION BR\<T PHILOSOPHY & LIT]ATURE4 ,ONE CANNOT PLAY AT CULTURE )\T BE+ AFFECT$ BY CULTURE 9 CONSEQU5CE4 ,IT IS DANG]\S EV5 = ,CZ>ISM TO PLAY ) FIRE4 ,! F+]S ( AU?ORITY >E B\ND TO BE BURNT1 A LITTLE4 

,CA!R9E ,I,I41 :OM ,BAKUN9'S GR&-UNCLE S]V$1 PLAY$ MORE D>+LY ) ! FIRE ?AN ,PET] ! ,GREAT & SO BURNT ! F+]S ( ! AUTOCRACY MORE S]I\SLY ?AN DID ! MI<TY CRU%+ WORKMAN ,CZ>1 ! HUGE ANIMAL AUTOCRAT4 ,CA!R9E1 :O DI$ 9 #a#g#h#f1 :5 ,EUROPEAN ,REVOLUTION & ?\<T WAS AT ITS HEI<T1 HAD P]SONAL NE$ ( LIT]ATURE & PHILOSOPHY1 & ( COMPANION%IP 9 ?\<T4 ,%E =C$ ! /UDY ( ! GREAT WORKS ( ! P]IOD UPON H] NOBLES4 ,%E WAS ! FRI5D ( ,VOLTAIRE & ,DID]OT1 & CORRESPOND$ ) ,5CYCLOP$I/S4 ,%E COMM&$ !IR WORKS TO BE READ4 ,%E WOR%IP$ CIVILIZATION & DEIFI$ AB/RACT HUMANITY- V]Y AB/RACT-YET V]Y DANG]\S TO DESPOTISM4 ,NATURALLY1 9VOLUNT>ILY1 H] NOBLES BECAME PHILOSOPH]S AS !Y MI<T HAVE BECOME HANGM51 HAD %E COMM&$ !M TO DO SO4 ,! EFFECT ON !IR MANN]S WAS TO ! GOOD1 H[EV]1 & !IR 9TELLECT SUFF]$ NO H>M4 ,\T ( ?IS COMPULSORY READ+ ( LIT]ATURE1 LOVE ( PHILOSOPHY GREW1 & SMALL PIONE] GR\PS ( >I/OCRATS W]E =M$1 = :OM ! %9+ IDEA ( ! EPO*1 ! IDEA ( HUMANITY1 :I* %\LD SUP]S$E 5TIRELY ?AT ( ! DEITY1 WAS ! GREAT REVELATION4 ,IT UNFOLD$ ITSELF 9 !IR LIVES1 BECAME AT ONCE ! F\NDATION & ! IDEAL ( !IR EXI/5CE1 A NEW RELIGION4 ,!Y BECAME ITS ,APO/LES1 ITS PROPAG&I/S1 & ! REAL F\ND]S ( ,RUSSIAN ?\<T & LIT]ATURE4 ,CA!R9E HAD BUILT BETT] ?AN %E 9T5D$2 & AL?\<1 FROM FE>1 %E SUPPRESS$ ! MOVEM5T1 & CRUELLY P]SECUT$ ITS LEAD]S1 ! /ONE ( ! TEMPLE HAD BE5 LAID & ! BUILD+ ( ! TEMPLE C\LD NOT BE /OPP$4 ,! BUILD+ PROCE$$ /EADILY1 ?\< SECRETLY1 DUR+ ! REIGNS ( ,PAUL ,I4 7#a#g#i#f-#a#h#a7 & ,ALEX&] ,I4 7#a#h#a-#a#h#b#e71 UNTIL IT />TL$ ! WORLD ( 0,NI*OLAS ) ! ,BIG ,/ICK0 BY ITS PROPORTIONS & EXT5T4 ,!RE CAN BE NO D\BT ?AT ,BAKUN9'S FA!R [$ HIS LIB]AL $UCATION TO ! PHILOSOPHIC AMBITION ( ,CA!R9E ,I,I4 ,TO H] FE>S1 & ?OSE ( H] SUCCESSORS1 WAS DUE ! CONDITION ( ,RUSSIA TO :I* HE RETURN$4 

,HE RETURN$ TO ,RUSSIA1 AT ! AGE ( ?IRTY-FIVE1 A MEMB] ( ! ,RUSSIAN DIPLOMATIC S]VICE1 ) NO IMM$IATE 9T5TION ( QUITT+ IT4 ,BUT ! >I/OCRATIC WORLD ( ,/4 ,PET]SBURG MADE SU* A REPULSIVE IMPRESSION ON HIM1 ?AT HE T5D]$ HIS RESIGNATION VOLUNT>ILY & IMM$IATELY1 & RETIR$ TO HIS FAMILY SEAT1 :I* HE NEV] LEFT EV5 = A DAY4 ,H]E HIS DOORS W]E NEV] CLOS$1 SO TO SPEAK1 SO L>GE WAS ! NUMB] ( VISITORS & FRI5DS :O CALL$ UPON HIM4 ,HIS SYMPA?IES W]E ) ! ADVANC$ CIRCLES ( >I/OCRATIC ?\<T-LEGACY ( ,CA!R9E'S FOOLI% TRIFL+ ) PHILOSOPHY1 :I* !N SPREAD !IR IDEAS 9 ,RUSSIA3 & HE V5TUR$1 NOT )\T CAUTION1 YET QUITE DEF9ITELY1 TO ASSOCIATE HIMSELF ) !M4 ,FROM #ahae TO #a#h#b#e1 HE TOOK P>T 9 ! ,SECRET ,SOCIETY ( ,NOR? ,RUSSIA4 ,MORE ?AN ONCE HE WAS ASK$ TO BECOME ,PRESID5T4 ,BUT HE WAS TOO GREAT A SKEPTIC & TOO CAUTI\S TO ACCEPT4 

,DEISM WAS ! LIMIT ( HIS ?\<T1 ! ,DEISM ?AT HIS SON 9 LAT] YE>S CA/IGAT$ SO EFFECTIVELY4 ,?\< ,DEISM WAS ! EXT5T ( HIS PHILOSOPHY1 HE WAS 9SPIR$ BY ! SPIRIT ( SCI5TIFIC & PHILOSOPHIC 9QUIRY1 :I* WAS !N F9D+ A HOME 9 ,EUROPE4 ,IT WAS ! ,AGE ( ,REASON & ( ! ,RI<T ( ,MAN1 IF NOT YET ( WOMAN4 ,& ,BAKUN9'S FA!R REJOIC$ 9 ! SPIRIT ( ! AGE4 ,HE WAS A KE5 /UD5T ( NATURE & POSSESS$ A BURN+ DESIRE TO UND]/& ! WORK+ ( NATURAL PH5OM5A4 ,NATURE HE LOV$1 & NEXT TO NATURE1 ?\<T4 ,! ,LIB]ALISM ( HIS M9D REVOLT$ AGA9/ ! T]RIBLE & DEGRAD+ POSITION ( SLAVE-DEAL]4 

,SEV]AL TIMES HE GAVE HIS SLAVES ! OPPORTUNITY TO DEM& !IR EMANCIPATION & TO BECOME FREE4 ,BUT HE TOOK ALWAYS ! WRONG MEASURES & DID NOT SUCCE$ 9 HIS WI% & CIRCUM/ANCE & LONG/&+ HABIT CONQU]$1 & HE REMA9$ QUIETLY AN [N]1 JU/ LIKE MANY ( HIS NEI<BORS1 :O ALL LOOK$1 ) COMPLAC5T UNCONC]N1 UPON ! HUNDR$ ( HUMAN BE+S :O LIV$ 9 BONDAGE1 & ON :OSE LABOR !Y FATT5$4 

,SLAV]Y CANNOT BE ABOLI%$ PIECE-MEAL4 ,A PREVAIL+ SOCIAL DISORD]1 5TR5*$ 9 ! RUL+ 9T]E/S ( ! DAY1 & SO HAV+ A HUNDR$ OR MORE ECONOMIC MANIFE/ATIONS1 A COMPLETE N]V\S SY/EM ( CORRUPTION & DEGRADATION HAS TO BE ABOLI%$ 5TIRELY ?R\<\T ! >EA ?AT IT COV]S3 IT HAS TO BE ROOT$ UP4 ,ONE CANNOT DE/ROY ! EVIL BY LOPP+ (F ITS BRAN*ES4 ,! AX MU/ BE LAID TO ! ROOTS4 

O ,*APT] #b 3 ,BOYHOOD & ,HOME ,LIFE 

,ONE ( ! MA9 REASONS :I* CAUS$ A *ANGE 9 ,BAKUN9'S FA!R'S LIFE WAS HIS M>RIAGE4 ,ALREADY OV] =TY1 HE FELL 9 LOVE ) A GIRL ( EI<TE51 LIKEWISE ( >I/OCRATIC BIR?1 BEAUTIFUL BUT POOR4 ,HE M>RI$ ?IS Y\NG ?+2 & 9 ORD] TO QUIET5 HIS CONSCI5CE = ?IS EGOI/IC ACT1 HE 5DEAVOR$ = ! RE/ ( HIS LIFE1 NOT TO RAISE H] TO HIS LEVEL BUT TO R$UCE HIMSELF TO H]'S4 

,BAKUN9'S MO!R CAME FROM ! FAMILY ,MURAVIEW4 ,%E WAS A NIECE ( ! HANGMAN ,MURAVIEW & ( A HANG$ ,MURAVIEW4 ,%E WAS A V]Y COMMON WOMAN1 VULG> & SELFI%4 ,NONE ( H] *ILDR5 LOV$ H]4 ,BUT !Y LOV$ H] FA!R SO MU* ! MORE2 =1 DUR+ !IR *ILDHOOD1 HE WAS ALWAYS K9D & AFFECTIONATE T[>DS !M4 

,AL?\< !RE W]E ELEV5 *ILDR51 ( :OM TWO SI/]S & FIVE BRO!RS W]E ALIVE :5 ,BAKUN9 WAS AT ! HEI<T ( HIS REVOLUTION>Y C>E]4 ,?ANKS TO ! 9FLU5CE ( !IR FA!R !Y W]E BR\<T UP MORE 9 A ,EUROPEAN ?AN 9 A ,RUSSIAN /YLE4 ,!Y LIV$1 SO TO SPEAK1 \TSIDE ! ,RUSSIAN REALITY4 ,! WORLD IMM$IATELY AB\T !M WAS DECORAT$ ) FEEL+ & IMAG9ATION1 & WAS F> REMOV$ FROM ALL REALI/IC 9FLU5CE4 ,!IR $UCATION WAS1 AT FIR/1 V]Y LIB]AL4 ,BUT AFT] ! UNHAPPY 5D ( ! CONSPIRACY ( ,DECEMB]1 #a#h#b#e1 ! FA!R GOT FRI<T5$ & *ANG$ HIS PLAN4 ,FROM N[ ON HE TRI$1 ) ALL HIS MI<T1 TO MAKE HIS *ILDR5 TRUE S]VANTS & SUBJECTS ( ! ,CZ>4 ,= ?IS REASON HE S5T ,BAKUN9 AS A BOY ( F\RTE51 TO ,/4 ,PET]SBURG1 9 ORD] TO JO9 ! ,>TILL]Y ,S*OOL4 ,!RE HE SP5T ?REE YE>S2 & :5 HE WAS A FEW MON?S OV] ! AGE ( SEV5TE5 YE>S1 BECAME AN (FIC]4 

,AT HOME HE HAD ACQUIR$ MU* LE>N+4 ,BESIDES ,RUSSIAN1 HE ALREADY SPOKE ,FR5* & UND]/OOD A LITTLE ,G]MAN & ,5GLI%4 ,HIS FA!R HAD GIV5 HIS *ILDR5 LESSONS 9 ANCI5T HI/ORY1 & ONE ( HIS UNCLES TAU<T HIM >I?METIC4 ,RELIGI\S 9/RUCTION WAS 5TIRELY OV]LOOK$4 ,! PRIE/-A DE> MAN :OM ,BAKUN9 LE>N$ TO LOVE BECAUSE HE BR\<T HIM ALL K9DS ( SWEETS-CAME 9TO ! H\SE (T5 BUT EX]CIS$ NO 9FLU5CE REG>D+ RELIGION4 ,BAKUN9 WAS ALWAYS MORE ( AN UNBELIEV] ?AN A BELIEV]4 ,OR RA!R1 HE WAS ABSOLUTELY 9DIFF]5T TO RELIGION4 

,HIS IDEAS & OP9IONS ON MORALS1 RI<T1 & DUTY1 W]E VAGUE4 ,HE POSSESS$ 9/9CT1 BUT NO PR9CIPLE4 ,HE LOV$ ! GOOD & DESPIS$ ! BAD1 )\T BE+ ABLE TO GIVE REASONS :5 HE CONSID]$ ! ONE GOOD & ! O!R BAD4 ,EV]Y 9JU/ICE & 9JURY WAS REPULSIVE TO HIM4 ,REVOLT AGA9/ & HATR$ ( ALL 9JU/ICE1 W]E DEVELOP$ MORE /RONGLY )9 HIM ?AN ALL O!RS4 ,HIS MORAL $UCATION SUFF]$ ?R\< ! FACT ?AT HIS MAT]IAL & 9TELLECTUAL EXI/5CE WAS F\ND$ ON A GIGANTIC 9JU/ICE & ON AN 5TIRELY IMMORAL F\NDATION1 ! SLAV]Y ( ! PEASANTS1 :OSE SWEAT KEPT ! 0BETT] CLASS0 9 WEAL?4 

,BAKUN9'S FA!R FELT ?IS4 ,HE KNEW IT QUITE WELL4 ,BUT HE WAS ONE ( ! PRACTICAL M51 & !RE=E NEV] SPOKE TO HIS *ILDR5 AB\T ?IS4 ,HE PREF]R$ TO LEAVE !M 9 IGNORANCE4 

,BAKUN9'S PASSIONATE DESIRE = ADV5TURE WAS A CONSPICU\S FEATURE ( HIS E>LY Y\?4 ,HIS FA!R US$ TO RELATE HIS TRAVEL+ RECOLLECTIONS4 ,TO LI/5 TO !M WAS HIS *ILDR5'S GREATE/ JOY4 ,HIS TALES W]E V]Y 9T]E/+4 ,HE PLANT$ ! SAME LOVE ( NATURE 9 HIS *ILDR54 ,BUT HE NEV] TOOK ! TR\BLE TO SATISFY !IR WI%ES & GIVE !M SCI5TIFIC EXPLANATION4 ,TO TRAVEL1 TO VISIT DIFF]5T C\NTRIES & NEW WORLDS-?AT WAS ! WI% & IDEAL ( HIS *ILDR54 

,BAKUN9'S IMAG9ATION DEVELOP$ V]Y MU* UND] ! 9FLU5CE ( SU* DESIRES4 ,HE DREAM$ ( NO?+ BUT TRAVELS4 ,HIS BRA9 PICTUR$ VIVIDLY H[ HE ESCAP$ FROM HOME & F\ND HIMSELF F>1 F> AWAY2 F> AWAY FROM HIS FA!R1 HIS SI/]S & BRO!RS1 :OM HE1 NEV]!LESS1 LOV$ & HONOR$4 

,SO HE DREAM$ & ?\<T :5 HE 5T]$ ! ,>TILL]Y ,S*OOL4 ,?IS WAS HIS FIR/ MEET+ ) REAL ,RUSSIAN LIFE4 

O ,*APT] #c 3 ,! ,>TILL]Y ,S*OOL ,TO ,MOSC[ 

,BAKUN9 DID NOT ESCAPE ,LIB]ALISM AT ! ,>TILL]Y ,S*OOL4 ,ECONOMIC CONDITIONS HAD DECID$ ?AT HIS NATURAL DE/9Y WAS ! >MY4 ,POLITICAL CIRCUM/ANCE SELECT$ HIM = A REVOLUTIONI/4 ,HE DISCOV]$ ,LIB]ALISM1 IF NOT AMONG ! MAJORITY1 AT LEA/ AMONG A L>GE M9ORITY ( ! /UD5TS4 ,H]E WAS A M5AC+ UND]CURR5T ( RADICAL ?\<T & SYMPA?Y :I* WAS ONLY \TW>DLY LOYAL & OB$I5T TO ! BEHE/S ( ! ,GOV]NM5TAL DESPOTISM4 ,AMONG !MSELVES1 ! REBEL /UD5TS *]I%$ ! MEMORIES ( ! ,DECEMB]I/S ( #a#h#b#e1 & H&$ R\ND ! POEMS -- ?AT SOME ( ! M>TYR$ 9SURRECTIONI/S HAD WRITT5 -- AS SACR$ LIT]ATURE TO BE PRES]V$ & H&$ ON FROM G5]ATION TO G5]ATION4 ,ANECDOTAGE ( ! M>TYRS !MSELVES -- MO/ ( :OM HAD BELONG$ TO ! ,FIR/ ,CADET ,CORPS & ! ,>TILL]Y ,9/ITUTE -- WAS RETAIL$ EAG]LY ALSO & RECIT$ JEAL\SLY4 ,! /UD5TS FELT ?AT ,DECEMBRISM EXPRESS$ & MA9TA9$ 0! HONOR ( ! S*OOL40 ,?OSE ( ! ,DECEMBRI/S :O HAD BE5 S5T5C$ TO ,SIB]IA W]E PITI$1 NOT ON ACC\NT ( !IR EXILE1 BUT BECAUSE !Y HAD NOT BE5 P]MITT$ TO %>E ! MORE HONORABLE & DIRECT FATE ( ?OSE :O HAD DI$ ON ! GIBBET OR HAD BE5 EXECUT$ O!RWISE4 T WAS IMPOSSIBLE = MILIT>Y DESPOTISM TO EFFACE MEMORIES ( H]OIC REVOLT OR TO SIL5CE 5TIRELY ! G5IUS ( KN[L$GE4 ,SO ! REVOLUTION>Y 5?USIASM CONT9U$ TO EXI/ & TO GR[ APACE4 ,?AT IT 9FLU5C$ ,BAKUN9 IS C]TA94 ,HIS SUBSEQU5T C>E] IS AN EVID5CE ( ITS EFFECT AS A P[]FUL UND]CURR5T1 DIRECT+ ALL HIS 5]GIES T[>DS ! MI<TY PURPOSE ( SOCIAL REVOLUTION4 ,BY TEMP]AM5T1 ,BAKUN9 WAS PASSIONATE & ELEM5TAL4 ,?IS *>ACT]I/IC L9K$ ! CONS]VATISM ( HIS Y\? ) ! RADICALISM ( HIS MATURITY & HIS OLD AGE4 ,IT F9DS EXPRESSION 9 ALL ! WRIT+S & EXPLA9S HIS /RANGE CONC5TRAT$ /YLE4 ,9 ALL ! /AGES ( HIS EVOLUTION HE WAS VOLCANIC & HE WRITES HI/ORY & PHILOSOPHY AS ?\< HE HAD A COMMISSION FROM ! FATES TO R$UCE ! RECORD ( TIME TO A /UDY 9 PRECISE WRIT+4 ,BAKUN9 WAS V]Y HUMAN4 ,IT WAS EASY = HIM TO PASS FROM ! CONS]VATIVE WOR%IP ( SLAVES TO AU?ORITY TO ! IDEALI/IC ADMIRATION ( ! M>TYRS ( LIB]TY4 ,!RE CAME A TIME :5 HE RECALL$ ! S*OOL LEG5DS ( ! ,DECEMBRI/S AS S\RCES ( VISION & 9SPIRATION4 ,AT FIR/ HE SUSPECT$ !M ( BE+ 5EMIES ( ! FA!RL& & WAS DEAD TO ! GR& MOTIF ( !IR LIVES4 ,HE WAS V]Y MU* ! S*OOLBOY1 CONSCI\S MA9LY ( ! DISCORD EXI/+ BETWE5 HIMSELF & HIS 5VIRONM5T4 ,& HE HAD ! GR& MANN] ( Y\? 9DULG$ BY WEAL?4 ,ALAS1 = ! EGOISM ( TOO E>LY 9TROSPECTION6 

,WRIT+ TO HIS P>5TS 9 ! AUTUMN ( #a#h#b#i1 ,BAKUN9 EXPRESS$ ! REACTION ( FIFTE5 ) ! SOLEMNITY ( SEV5TY4 ,HE SPEAKS DISGU/$LY ( 0! NEW ]A 9 MY LIFE40 ,?IS MEANT ?AT HE WAS SUFF]+ FROM HOMESICKNESS4 ,HE COMPLA9S ?AT HIS IMAG9ATION IS PURE & 9NOC5T NO LONG]2 :]EAS HIS IMAG9ATION HAS NOT DISCOV]$ ITSELF AS YET4 ,! >TILL]Y S*OOL HAS 0ACQUA9T$0 HIM1 NOT ) ,DECEMBRISM1 BUT ) 0! BLACK1 F\L1 L[ SIDE ( LIFE40 ,HE 0GOT US$ TO LY+0 BECAUSE ! >T ( LY+ WAS APPROV$ UNANIM\SLY4 ,HE FELT HIS SPIRITUALITY GO TO SLEEP1 = 0!RE REIGN$ AMONG ! /UD5TS A COLD 9DIFF]5CE TO EV]Y ?+ NOBLE1 GREAT1 OR HOLY40 ,BY !SE VIRTU\S SUP]LATIVES1 ! Y\?FUL ,BAKUN9 MEANT LOYALTY TO ! ,CZ>4 

,?REE YE>S LAT]1 ,BAKUN9 PASS$ HIS EXAM9ATION ) GREAT ECLAT4 ,HE WAS N[ AN (FIC]1 EI<TE5 YE>S OLD & AS OR?ODOX & PRIGGI% AS A /ATE CURRICULUM C\LD MAKE HIM4 ,HE WRITES HOME ( ?IS EV5T4 ,! UND]GRADUATE SAW 0A NEW ]A 9 MY LIFE40 ,BU ! GRADUATE DECL>ES ?AT !RE HAS BEGUN 0TRULY A NEW EPO* 9 MY LIFE40 ,!RE IS ! SAME FLAMBOYANT EGOTISM NOTICEABLE BUT !RE IS A SUBTLE IMPROVEM5T 9 ! EXP5SIVE >ROGANCE ( EXPRESSION4 ,SLAVI% MILIT>Y DISCIPL9E HAS GIV5 PLACE TO P]SONAL FRE$OM4 ,BAKUN9 FEELS SPIRITUALLY AWAKE4 ,HE GOES :]E HE LIKES & MEETS HIS FELL[ (FIC]S ONLY 9 LESSON H\RS4 ,HE HAS SEV]$ ALL O!R RELATIONS ) !M BECAUSE !IR PRES5CE REM9D$ HIM ( ! MEANNESS & 9FAMY ( HIS S*OOL LIFE4 ,H]E WE SEE ! PASSION ( ! MAN SURG+ ALMO/ 9TO REVOLT AGA9/ ! IDEA ( EXT]NAL DISCIPL9E4 ,! WRIT] SEEMS TO ANTICIPATE HIS LATT] ANTI-AU?ORIT>IANISM4 ,YET HIS LETT]S BETRAY EXTREME CONS]VATISM ( OP9ION4 ,HIS IDEAS >E /ATIC TO ALL APPE>ANCE4 ,( C\RSE1 ! DEVIL WAS BORN 9 HEAV5 & 9 ! BEG9N+ ( HIS REBEL C>E] WAS ,GOD'S SECOND 9 COMM&4 ,GEORGE ,WA%+TON WAS JEAL\S ( ,5GLI% PRE/IGE AGA9/ ! ,FR5* 9 ! ,AM]ICAN COLONIES :5 ! ,BRITI% GOV]NOR & ! ,HOME ,GOV]NM5T W]E 9DIFF]5T4 ,WA%+TON WAS COMPELL$ BY ! V]Y LOGIC ( HIS ,5GLI% & A NEW FLAG4 ,BAKUN9'S ,NIHILISM WAS =E%AD[$ BY ! EXTRAVAGANISM ( HIS ,CZ>ISM4 ,HIS LIFE-LONG ,FR5* BIAS WAS PR$ICT$ 9 HIS FIR/ CONTEMPTU\S DISMISSAL ( ! ,FR5* REVOLUTION>Y \TLOOK4 

0,! ,RUSSIANS >E NOT ,FR5*10 HE WROTE TO HIS P>5TS1 0!Y LOVE !IR C\NTRY & ADORE !IR MON>*4 ,TO !M HIS WILL IS LAW4 ,ONE C\LD NOT F9D A S+LE ,RUSSIAN :O C\LD NOT SACRIFICE ALL HIS 9T]E/S = ! WELF>E ( ! SOV]EIGN & ! PROSP]ITY ( ! FA!RL&40 

,BAKUN9 %\LD HAVE BECOME AN (FIC] ( ! ,GU>DS AS A MATT] ( C\RSE4 ,?IS W\LD HAVE MEANT P>TICIPAT+ 9 ! SPL5DOR ( ! ,C\RT4 ,BAKUN9 W\LD HAVE COME 9TO DIRECT CONTACT ) HIS BELOV$ ,CZ>4 ,=TUNATELY1 HE HAD CONTRIV$ TO HANG] HIS FA!R & TO >\SE ! JEAL\SY ( ! ,DIRECTOR ( ,>TILL]Y4 ,ADORATION ( HIS MON>* HAD NOT SAV$ HIM FROM REBELL+ AGA9/ BO? P>5T & SUP]IOR (FIC]4 ,AS A PUNI%M5T = HIS DUAL (FICE ( PETTY TREASON HE WAS GIV5 A COMMISSION 9 ! L9E4 ,HE WAS DOOM$ TO SP5D HIS DAYS 9 A MIS]ABLE PEASANT VILLAGE F> AWAY FROM ANY C5T] ( CIVILIZATION4 ,A HUT WAS ASSIGN$ TO HIM = HIS NEW QU>T]S4 ,H]E HE TOOK UP HIS ABODE4 ,HE DECL9$ TO ACCEPT ! IMPLI$ DISGRACE AS A DISCIPL9E4 ,HIS MILIT>Y DUTIES SP5T :OLE DAYS 9 COMPLETE ISOLATION4 ,AT LA/1 HIS COMM&+ (FIC] ORD]$ HIM TO RESIGN HIS APPO9TM5T4 ,HE S5T 9 HIS PAP]S & RETURN$ TO ,MOSC[1 A CIVILIAN4 ,HE HAD 0WORK$0 HIS DIS*>GE & WAS FREE ( ! MILIT>Y ATMOSPH]E4 

,9 ! GREAT ,RUSSIAN CAPITAL1 R$UC$ BY ,PET] ! ,GREAT AS ,ROME WAS BY ,CON/ANT9E1 ONLY TO BECOME EV5 MORE ET]NAL1 ,BAKUN9 WAS RECEIV$ 9TO A CIRCLE ( Y\NG SAVANTS4 ,ITS MEMB]S W]E SITUAT$ SIMIL>LY TO HIMSELF4 ,[+ TO ! WISDOM ( ! ,RUSSIAN /ATESM5 & POLICE AU?ORITIES1 ?IS CIRCLE WAS 5GROSS$ 9 ,G]MAN PHILOSOPHY4 ,IT WAS KE51 ESPECIALLY ON ,HEGEL1 :O HAD BE5 = SEV]AL YE>S ! RECOGNIZ$ LEAD] ( PHILOSOPHY 9 ,G]MAN4 ,HIS REC5T DEA? AT ! AGE ( SIXTY ONE1 HAD GIV5 FRE% LIFE TO HIS ?\<T AMONG !SE ,MOSC[ /UD5TS4 ,5TIRE NI<TS W]E SP5T DISCUSS+1 P>AGRAPH BY P>AGRAPH1 ! VOLUME ( HIS 0,LOGIC10 0,E?ICS10 00,5CYCLOP$IA10 ETC4 ,! MO/ 9SIGNIFICANT PAMPHLETS :I* APPE>$ 9 ,B]L9 W]E OBTA9$ & READ EAG]LY4 ,9 A FEW DAYS !Y W]E TORN & TATT]$ & PRES]V$ 9 HONOR$ PIECES4 ,MEMB]S ( ! CIRCLE W\LD HAVE NO?+ TO DO ) ONE ANO!R = WEEKS AFT] A DISAGREEM5T RESPECT+ ! DEF9ITION ( 0! 9T]CEPT+ M9D0 OR 0! ABSOLUTE P]SONALITY0 & ITS AUTONOM\S EXI/5CE4 

,! SY/EM ( ,HEGEL WAS BO? ! NEGATION & ! CULM9ATION ( ! PHILOSOPHY ( ,KANT1 :O FL\RI%$ FROM #agbd TO #a#h#d4 ,HEGEL'S Y\? HAD BE5 CONTEMPOR>Y ) ,KANT'S OLD AGE1 & ! P]IOD DUR+ :I* ,KANT DEVELOP$ HIS [N CRITICAL PHILOSOPHY ( HIS LIFE4 ,9 ,HEGEL1 ! ,KANTIAN DUALISMS ( PH5OM5A & NUOM5A OR NUOM5ON DISAPPE>4 ,HEGEL ID5TIFIES ! RATIONAL ) ! REAL & ! REAL ) ! RATIONAL4 ,HE MADE IDEALISM IMM95T 9 ! EXP]I5CE & LOGIC IMM95T 9 HI/ORY4 ,AFT] HIS DEA? HIS DISCIPLES SPLIT 9TO TWO S*OOLS2 A RI<T & A LEFT W+ :O W]E BITT]LY OPPOS$ TO EA* O!R4 ,! LEAD]S ( ! LEFT W+1 ! POSITIVE1 ORIG9AL1 VIGOR\S1 & ULTIMATELY ONLY IMPORTANT GR\P W]E ,/RAUSS & ,FEU]BA*4 

,FEU]BA* WAS BORN ! YE> ,KANT DI$4 ,HE LIV$ TILL AFT] ! ,P>IS ,COMMUNE & ! TRIUMPH ( ,?I]S4 ,BAKUN9 SURVIV$ HIM ONLY F\R YE>S4 ,GEORGE ,ELIOT TRANSLAT$ 9TO ,5GLI% HIS FAM\S WORK 9 :I* HE CLASSIFI$ ! IDEAS ( ,GOD1 ! FUTURE LIFE1 & HOL9ESS1 AS ! EXTRAVAGANT DESIRES ( A FUGITIVE RACE DWELL+ UPON AN 9CONSID]ABLE PLANET4 ,FEU]BA* DEVELOP$ ! ,H$ONI/IC E?ICAL !ORY & DECL>$1 SOME:AT CRUDELY &1 TO MY M9D1 9ACCURATELY3 0,MAN IS ONLY :AT HE EATS40 ,MAN IS NOT :AT HE EATS1 BUT :AT HE ASSIMILATES1 REMOLDS1 & CREATES4 ,EV5 MORE1 MAN IS :AT HE IS1 & :AT HE EXPRESSES 9 ! SIMPLE FACT ( BE+4 

,/RAUSS1 :O WAS CONTEMPOR>Y ) ,FEU]BA*1 BE+ CRADL$ A FEW YE>S AFT] HIM & \TLIV+ HIM A FEW YE>S ALSO BY WAY ( EQUITY1 HAD A DISA/R\S C>E] AS A !OLOGIAN4 ,HIS 0LIFE0 ( ,JESUS1 :I* CO/ HIM !OLOGICAL *AIRS 9 ,G]MANY1 WAS TRANSLAT$ BY ,GEORGE ,ELIOT4 ,/RAUSS VIEW$ ,JESUS AS A ,SOCRATES MISCONCEIV$ BY ,*RI/IAN TRADITION AS A MAGICIAN2 :I* IS A V]Y HAPPY CONCEPTION & ONE ?AT TIME WILL 5DORSE4 

,AT ! TIME ,BAKUN9 RETURN$ TO ,MOSC[ AS AN EX-(FIC]1 ,FEU]BA* HAD NOT EMPLOY$ HIS S>DONIC HUMOR TO CONTRA/ ! ACTUAL & IDEAL WORLDS4 ,NOR HAD HE PRODUC$ HIS WORKS ON ! PHILOSOPHY ( HI/ORY4 ,BUT HE HAD EXPLA9$ BELIEF 9 IMMORALITY AS AN ILLUSION4 ,/RAUSS WAS /ILL A TEA*] & WAS PLANN+ HIS 0LIFE0 ( ,JESUS4 ,HEGEL1 ) MURMUR+S ( ,FEU]BA*1 W]E ! !MES ( ! ,MOSC[ CIRCLE4 ,ITS F\ND] WAS ,/ANKEVIT*1 :O HAD SAT UND] ,PR(ESSOR ,PAWLOV AT ,MOSC[ ,UNIV]SITY4 

,PAWLOV WAS A P$ANT :O PREF]R$ LE>N+ TO KN[L$GE1 & R\T9E TO WISDOM4 ,HE 9TRODUC$ ,G]MAN PHILOSOPHY 9TO ! UNIV]SITY CURRICULUM 9 #a#h#b#a1 BECAUSE IT SEEM$ TO HIM TO BE SO EM95TLY SAFE & DULL4 ,IT WAS HIS ALT]NATIVE TO ! ,FR5*1 :I* HE DEEM$ N]V\S1 D\BTFUL1 & DYNAMIC4 ,FR5* PHILOSOPHY 9 /RUCK HIM AS BE+ SOME?+ %ATT]+ & DEVA/AT+4 ,! ,G]MAN S*OOL WAS HIS *OICE BETWE5 ! QUICK & ! DEAD4 

,PAWLOV CONF9$ ! /UD5TS' ATT5TION TO ,S*ELL+ & ,OK54 ,S*ELL+1 :O FL\RI%$ FROM #agge TO #a#h#e#d1 HAD NOT DEVELOP$ AT ?AT TIME HIS !OSOPHICAL GNO/ICISM4 ,HE OPPOS$ NATURE TO SPIRIT BUT CONCEIV$ BO? AS COMMON EQUAL EXPRESSIONS ( ONE UND]LY+ ABSOLUTE PR9CIPLE4 ,ACTUALLY1 ,MONISM2 ?\<TFUL & EV5 BRILLIANT1 BUT NOT REVOLUTION>Y4 ,OK5-%ORT5$ FROM ,O*5FUSS-LIV$ FROM #aggi TILL #a#h#e#a4 ,HE ATTEMPT$ TO CON/RUCT AN A PRIORI SY/EM ( KN[L$GE & ORIG9AT$ ! IDEA ( ANNUAL MEET+S ( ,G]MAN SCI5TI/S4 ,IT IS SAID ?AT ! ,BRITI% ,ASSOCIATION WAS MODEL$ ON HIS PLAN4 ,?IS FACT ALONE IS SUFFICI5T TO PROVE ?AT ,OK5 WAS AN ESS5TIALLY FAKE SAVANT4 

,HAV+ BE5 9TRODUC$ TO ! ,G]MAN PHILOSOPHY1 ,/ANKEVIT* DID NOT F9D IT POSSIBLE TO /OP AT ,S*ELL+ & ,OK54 ,HE BLUND]$ ON TO ,HEGEL & BECAME FASC9AT$1 ,HEGEL SEEM$ TO HIM ALL IMPORTANT4 ,CONSEQU5TLY1 ,/ANKEVIT* 9TRODUC$ ! /UDY ( ,HEGEL TO A SELECT CIRCLE ( HIS FRI5DS4 ,AMONG !SE W]E ,H]Z5 & ,BAKUN94 ,! LATT] HAD F\ND HIS 0NEW ]A0 OR 0EPO*40 ,HEGEL & ! ,HEGELIANS W]E TO 9SPIRE ALL ,BAKUN9'S FUTURE ?\<T4 

O ,*APT] #d 3 ,OP5+ AN ,EPO* 

,YE>S AFT]W>DS1 ,BAKUN9 EXPLA9$ ! M5TAL ATMOSPH]E ( ,RUSSIA AT ! TIME ?AT HE /UDI$ AT ! ,>TILL]Y ,S*OOL4 ,HE ALSO \TL9$ ! AIMS & OBJECTS ( ! ,DECEMBRI/ CONSPIRACY4 ,IT WAS ! BEG9N+ ( A NEW EPO*4 

,NO ONE :O WAS BORN 9 ,AM]ICA OR ONE ( ! ,WE/]N ,EUROPEAN C\NTRIES1 NOT EV5 A ,FR5*MAN :O RECEIV$ HIS POLITICAL $UCATION UND] ! REIGN ( ,NAPOLEON ,I,I,I41 OR A ,G]MAN :O W5T TO S*OOL ) ,BISM>CK 9 ORD] TO LE>N H[ TO BECOME A FREE CITIZ51 OR AN ,ITALIAN :O SUFF]$ UND] ! ,AU/RIAN YOKE1 C\LD IMAG9E :AT A T]RIBLE CONDITION ,RUSSIA WAS 9 UND] ! REGIME ( ,NI*OLAS4 ,P]HAPS1 TO-DAY1 SOMEONE LIV+ UND] ,HITL]ISM1 OR 9 ,ITALY1 UND] ,MUSSOL9I1 CAN IMAG9E ! ,RUSSIA ( 0,NI*OLAS ) ! ,BIG ,/ICK40 

,! ACCESSION ( ,NI*OLAS ]ECT$ A MEMORIAL /ONE1 I4E4 ! SUFFOCATION ( ! MILIT>Y UPRIS+ :I* HAD BE5 PREP>$ SIL5TLY ?R\< A GREAT >I/OCRATIC CONSPIRACY4 ,?IS IS ! MOVEM5T :I* WE CALL ! CONSPIRACY ( ,DECEMB]1 NOT BECAUSE IT WAS />T$ BUT BECAUSE IT WAS KILL$ 9 ?AT MON?4 ,& :5 ,I CALL ?AT MOVEM5T AN >I/OCRATIC ONE ,I DO NOT MEAN TO 9S9UATE ?AT !IR PROGRAM WAS >I/OCRATIC4 ,ON ! CONTR>Y1 !IR GOAL WAS DEMOCRATIC2 9 MANY DIRECTIONS1 EV5 SOCIALI/IC4 ,IT WAS CALL$ AN >I/OCRATIC MOVEM5T FROM ! FACT ?AT NE>LY ALL :O TOOK P>T 9 IT BELONG$ TO ! NOBLE-CLASS1 & =M$1 SO TO SPEAK1 ! 9TELLIG5CE ( ! TIME4 

,?IS WAS ! MA9 OBJECT ( ! ,DECEMBRI/ CONSPIRACY1 TO 5D PRIVILEGE4 ,!RE W]E TWO SOCIETIES1 ONE 9 ! ,NOR? & ! O!R 9 ,S\? ,RUSSIA4 ,! FIR/ EMBRAC$ ,/4 ,PET]SBURG & ,MOSC[1 AS WELL AS ! MILIT>Y & (FICIAL ELEM5T4 ,IT WAS MU* MORE >I/OCRATIC & POLITICAL 9 ! S5SE ( /ATE P[] ?AN ! SECOND ONE4 ,9 IT W]E ! ,MURAVIEWS4 ,! MEMB]S S]I\SLY CONSID]$ ! LIB]ATION ( ! S]FS1 & LABOR$ TO ?IS 5D4 ,!Y W]E1 AT ! SAME TIME1 GREAT BELIEV]S 9 A GREAT & UNIT$ ,RUSSIA1 ) A LIB]AL CON/ITUTION4 ,AS !IR GOAL WAS A UNIT$ ,RUSSIA1 !Y W]E OPPOS$1 NATURALLY1 TO ! 9DEP5D5CE ( ,POL&4 

,! SECOND1 ! ,S\? ,RUSSIAN SOCIETY1 :OSE SEAT WAS ,KIEV1 WAS MORE REVOLUTION>Y & DEMOCRATIC 9 ! FULL S5SE ( ! WORD4 ,?IS SOCIETY ALSO CONSI/$ MO/LY ( (FIC]S & (FICIALS :O HAIL$ FROM ,C5TRAL ,RUSSIA4 ,! CAUSE ( ! MORE REVOLUTION>Y *>ACT] ( ! ORGANIZATION IS TO BE F\ND 9 ! FACT ?AT IT WAS DIRECT$ BY ! MORE ?\<TFUL P]SONALITIES1 SU* AS ,COLONEL ,MURAVIEW-,APO/OL1 ,DOTOZEFF-,RUM51 & ! G5IAL COLONEL ( ! G5]AL /AFF1 ,PE/EL4 

,9 A C]TA9 S5SE1 ,PE/EL WAS A F$]ALI/ & SOCIALI/4 ,HE WAS NOT SATISFI$ ) ! WI% TO LIB]ATE PEASANTS FROM !IR BONDAGE1 & GIVE !M !IR P]SONAL LIB]TY4 ,HE DEM&$ ?AT !Y %\LD BE DECL>$ [N]S ( ! L& ON :I* !Y WORK$4 ,HIS POLITICAL IDEAL WAS A F$]ATIVE REPUBLIC SIMIL> TO ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES ( ,AM]ICA1 9/EAD ( ,RUSSIAN ,CZ>DOM4 ,PE/EL & HIS FRI5DS W]E NOT OPPOS$ TO ! 9DEP5D5CE ( ,POL&4 ,!Y EV5 ATTEMPT$ TO FRAT]NIZE 9TIMATELY ) ! ,POLI% REVOLUTION>IES4 ,= ?AT !Y W]E CRITICIZ$ SEV]ELY BY !IR NOR!RN SI/] ORGANIZATION4 

,! ABOVE-M5TION$ M5 W]E CONSPICU\S NOT ONLY ?R\< !IR 9TELLIG5CE4 ,!Y W]E GREAT & NOBLE *>ACT]S4 ,9 ! YE> #a#h#b1 ALL ?REE DI$ ON ! SCAFFOLD 9 ,/4 ,PET]SBURG4 ,A FEW H\RS BE=E HIS EXECUTION1 ,PE/EL RECEIV$ A VISIT FROM HIS FA!R1 ! ,GOV]NOR-,G5]AL ( ,SIB]IA4 ,! OLD MAN WAS AN 9DESCRIBABLY CORRUPT CREATURE1 A MON/]1 A ?IEF1 A MURD]]4 ,9 A WORD1 ALL ?AT USUALLY IS MEANT BY A S]VANT ( ! ,CZ>4 ,HE CAME ) ! PRETEXT ( TAK+ LEAVE ( HIS SON1 BUT REALLY1 HE WANT$ ONLY TO RUB SALT 9TO ! LATT]'S W\NDS4 ,PE/EL DID NOT WANT TO RECEIVE HIM1 BUT HE HAD NO *OICE4 

,AMONG O!R ?+S1 HE ASK$ HIM 9 HIS IMPUD5CE3 0,N[ TELL ME1 MY SON1 H[ HI< DO Y\ ?9K Y\ W\LD HAVE RIS5 IF Y\ HAD SUCCE$$ 9 OV]?R[+ ,CZ>DOM80 0,FIR/ ( ALL10 SAID ,PE/EL UNHESITAT+LY1 0WE W\LD HAVE LIB]AT$ ,RUSSIA ( DEVILS 9C>NATE ( Y\R TYPE40 

,AS ! PUNI%M5T ( /RANGULATION WAS NOT !N 9 USE1 ! GRUESOME PROC$URE W5T (F CLUMSILY4 ,!Y W]E TRUE M>TYRS ( LIB]TY1 =]UNN]S ( ! WORLD LIB]AT$1 AS ONE DAY IT WILL BE1 :O W]E EXECUT$4 ,! ROPE SLIPP$ OV] ,PE/EL'S FACE1 & HE FELL HEAVILY TO ! GR\ND :]E HE REMA9$1 BADLY 9JUR$4 ,DUR+ ! MOM5TS 9 :I* ! HANGMAN RE-ADJU/$ ! ROPE1 ! DY+ MAN EXCLAIM$1 0,!Y CANNOT EV5 HANG Y\ PROP]LY 9 ,RUSSIA40 

,IT WAS ! BIR? ( A NEW ]A4 ,HI!RTO1 ! ,RUSSIAN >I/OCRACY HAD BE5 ! VOLUNT>Y SLAVES ( ! ,CZ>1 & ! BRUTAL1 T]RIBLE PROPRIETORS ( S]FS :O HAD TO TILL !IR L&4 ,UNTIL !N1 ! >I/OCRACY HAD BE5 NO?+ MORE ?AN A BRUTAL BEA/1 %UT (F FROM EV]Y IDEAL & SATURAT$ BY ! MO/ NONS5SICAL PREJUDICES4 

,! ,WE/]N ,EUROPEAN CIVILIZATION1 :I* HAD BE5 9TRODUC$ BY ,PET] ! ,GREAT1 & DEVELOP$ BY ,CA!R9E1 WAS NO LONG] A DEAD ?+4 ,AL?\< ! HI/ORIAN1 ,K>AMAT91 S5T AS A Y\NG MAN TO ,EUROPE TO /UDY1 RETURN$ TO ,RUSSIA TO BETRAY HIS PATRONS1 CIVILIZATION & KN[L$GE ADVANC$ BY HIS REACTION4 ,HE CREAT$ (FICIAL ,RUSSIAN PATRIOTISM & RHETORIC4 ,EV5 >T LEADS TO MORALITY4 ,& ! /UD5TS1 9 !IR SECRET CIRCLES1 DEVELOP$ KN[L$GE FROM HIS WRIT+4 

,NAPOLEON'S 9VASION1 9 #a#h#a#b1 TURN$ ,RUSSIA UPSIDE D[N4 ,CZ>ISM1 9/EAD ( DEF5D+ ITSELF WAS =C$ TO BEG ! >I/OCRACY1 ! CL]GY1 ! B\RGEOISIE1 & ! S]FS = !IR HELP4 ,EA* CATEGORY FELT ITS /R5G? & WAS JOYFUL & ACTIVE1 LIKE A NEW-BORN BABE1 9 A CONSCI\SNESS ( ITS P[]4 ,?IS WAS ! FIR/ BREEZE ( LIB]TY :I* SWEPT OV] ?IS SLAVE-EMPIRE4 ,AFT] #a#h#a#b1 ! PEASANTS NEV] CEAS$ TO CLAMOR = BREAD & LIB]TY4 ,! >I/OCRATIC Y\? CAME BACK FROM ABROAD /RANGELY *ANG$4 ,!Y HAD BECOME LIB]AL & REVOLUTION>Y4 ,A GIGANTIC PROPAG&A SPRUNG UP 9 ALL T[NS & G>RISONS1 9 ALL >I/OCRATIC PALACES4 ,EV5 ! WOM5 TOOK P>T AT LA/1 & F\<T ) GLORI\S 5?USIASM4 ,?US *ANG$ ! ,RUSSIAN >I/OCRACY1 ! HI!RTO DESPICABLE SLAVE ( A B>B>IC DESPOT1 ALMO/ MIRACUL\SLY 9TO FANATICAL PROPAG&I/ ( HUMANITY & LIB]TY4 

,?IS !N1 WAS ! NEW WORLD-FULL ( PROGRESS & HEAL?Y1 VIGOR\S /R5G?-:I* ,CZ> ,NI*OLAS F\<T FROM ! FIR/ DAY ( HIS ACCESSION4 ,! REACTION1 :I* BROKE \T AFT] ! D[NFALL ( ! ,DECEMB] CONSPIRACY1 WAS T]RIBLE4 ,EV]Y?+ HUMANE1 EV]Y?+ 9TELLIG5T1 & EV]Y?+ TRUE & GOOD ?AT EXI/$ 9 ,RUSSIA1 WAS DE/ROY$ & CRU%$4 ,EV]Y?+ BRUTAL & DEBAS$ ASC5D$ ! ?RONE ) ,NI*OLAS6 ,IT WAS A SY/EMATIC & 5TIRE DE/RUCTION ( HUMANITY 9 FAVOR ( BRUTALITY & ALL CORRUPTION4 

,9 ! MIDDLE ( !SE CONDITIONS1 ?IS GRUESOME TIME1 ,BAKUN9 HAD 5T]$1 AS BOY ( F\RTE5 YE>S1 ! ,>TILL]Y ,S*OOL AT ,/4 ,PET]SBURG4 

O ,*APT] #e 3 ,H]Z5'S ,9FLU5CE 

,H]Z5 WAS ! LOVE *ILD ( A ,G]MAN MO!R & A ,RUSSIAN NOBLE4 ,HIS FA!R RECOGNIZ$ & C>$ = HIM FROM BIR?4 ,9 #ahbg HE WAS S5T TO ! ,UNIV]SITY AT ,MOSC[ TO COMPLETE ! /UDIES HE HAD COMM5C$ AT HOME4 ,REACTION WAS /RID+ TRIUMPHANT ?R\< ,RUSSIA4 ,! ,CZ> & HIS ,C\RT W]E CONSPIR+ TO CLOSE ! UNIV]SITIES & TO REPLACE !M ) ORGANIZ$ MILIT>Y S*OOLS4 ,LIV+ A C5TURY LAT]1 WE >E FAMILI> ) ! >GUM5TS ( MILIT>Y DESPOTISM & 5TR5*$ BUREAUCRACY AT ! W> ) DEMOCRACY & PUBLIC RI<T4 ,LORD ,TR5*>D GIVES AN EXCELL5T IMP]SONATION ( ! ,CZ>'S ,/ATESM5 MILIT>IZ+ ! UNIV]SITIES DUR+ ! FIR/ QU>T] ( ! N9ETE5? C5TURY1 :5 HE URG$ TO-DAY ! MILIT>Y RECON/RUCTION ( ! ,LONDON ,METROPOLITAN ,POLICE ,=CE4 ,! UNORIG9AL M$IEVAL ,HITL] APOLOGIZES = ! MILIT>IZ+ ( ! ,G]MAN ,UNIV]SITIES 9 PHRASES ?AT HAVE BE5 PLAGI>IZ$ )\T ANY ALT]ATION FROM !SE PIONE] ,CZ>I/ DESPOTS 9SPIR$ ) ! SO-CALL$ ,G]MAN PHILOSOPHY4 

,MOSC[ WAS MADE ! C5T] ( ATTACK4 ,! REACTION SUSPECT$ ! $UCATIONAL F\NDATION ( BE+ A HOTB$ ( LIB]AL ?\<T & 9TRIGUE4 ,! UNIV]SITY WAS ANCI5T & POSSESS$ A REAL TRADITION = LE>N+4 ,TRADITIONS >E NOT TRUE1 NECESS>ILY4 ,ONLY1 !Y GR[ HO>Y ) LEG5D1 & /UBBORN BELIEV]S SOMETIMES TRY TO MAKE SU* TRADITIONS COME TRUE4 ,9 ?IS WAY1 FALSEHOODS HAVE A KNACK ( GR[+ 9TO TRU?4 ,RESPECT ! PRET5SE ( KN[L$GE LONG 5\< & Y\ WILL WAKE UP ONE F9E MORN+ ALIVE TO G5U9E LOVE ( CULTURE4 ,HYPOCRISY IS ! =]UNN] ( S9C]ITY4 ,IT IS ! MASQU]ADE ?AT PROCE$S ! REALITY4 

,MOSC[ HAD BOA/$ ITS PRIDE ( /UDY SO MU* ?AT IT HAD COME TO DEM& AN 9DEP5D5T LIFE = ITS /UD5TS4 ,!IR ?\<T WAS TO BE UNTRAMMEL$4 ,ITS PR(ESSORS W]E ACTUALLY FREE SPIRITS1 9SPIR$ BY ! DIGNITY ( !IR CALL+4 ,!Y S5S$ ITS E>NE/NESS & DECL9$ TO FLATT]1 S]VILELY1 AUTOCRACY4 ,!Y W]E NOT P&]]S1 LIKE ! OLD-TIME ,GREEKS1 WILL+ TO WAIT 9 ! ANTE-ROOM ( AU?ORITY4 ,!Y W]E M51 ACTUAL LIV+ HUMAN BE+S1 & NOT S*OOLMA/]S4 ,!IR FUNCTION WAS TO DEVELOP 9 ! /UD5TS' P]SONALITY & UND]/&+ RESPONSIBILITY4 ,! /UD5TS1 ON !IR P>T1 RESPOND$ GLADLY TO ! LIB]AL & RADICAL TEA*+S ( ! PR(ESSORS4 ,H]E1 9 ! V]Y HE>T ( ,MOSCOVY1 ,CZ>I/ B>B>ISM NOT)/&+1 FL\RI%$ ! CAM>AD]IE ( KN[L$GE4 ,Y\? & AGE BELONG$ EQUALLY TO ! GREAT ,COMMUNE ( LE>N+4 ,IT WAS ! P]IOD ( ! ,RUSSIAN ,R5AISSANCE4 

,CZ>ISM1 & ITS POLICE AG5TS1 ?R\< ! DESOLAT+ PE/IL5CE ( !IR AU?ORITY MADE 9CREAS+ W>F>E ON !SE PR(ESSORS4 ,!IR DEVOTION TO $UCATION WAS REW>D$ ) SECRET D5UNCIATION & EXILE )\T TRIAL4 ,SOMETIMES ! P5ALTY WAS UNRECORD$ TRANSLATION TO ET]NITY1 ! PET ,MUSCOVITE ME?OD ( GOV]NM5TAL ASSASS9ATION4 ,A TEA*] BECAME SUSPECT NATURALLY4 ,HIS BOOK LORE PLAC$ HIM AT ! M]CY ( IGNORANT 9SPECTORS & 9NUM]ABLE AUXILI>IES ( ! POLICE DEP>TM5T4 ,WISDOM WAS \TLAW$4 ,LE>N+ DI$4 ,WEAK M5 B[$ BE=E ! RUL+ SY/EM4 ,!IR G5IUS DECL9$4 ,P]SONALITY EXT+UI%$1 !Y BECAME M]E POLICE %AD[S1 N]V\S CREATURES ( R\T9E4 ,EV5 TAL5T DISAPPE>$ 9TO ! ABYSS ?AT HAD BE5 PREP>$ = G5IUS4 ,LECTURES W]E M]ELY RECITALS ( ! ,CZ>'S /&+ ORD]S4 ,9CAPABLE MA/]S W]E KEPT 9 (FICE = !IR PROV$ 9CAPACITY BY CYNICAL POLICE CONSID]ATIONS4 ,! SEM9>Y BECAME A CEMET]Y4 ,& YET1 :]E ! GRAVE IS1 !RE IS ALWAYS ! RESURRECTION4 ,KN[L$GE BANN$ WAS LOVE B>R$4 ,IT WAS REV]$4 ,! /UD5TS1 9 !IR DEVOT$ QUE/1 PROV$ ! TRU? ( ,MONCURE ,CONWAY'S WORDS2 0,!Y :O M5ACE \R FRE$OM ( ?\<T & SPEE* >E TAMP]+ ) SOME?+ MORE P[]FUL ?AN GUNP[D]40 ,\R DAY HAS WITNESS$ ! EXPLOSION4 

,! ,FR5* W]E =BIDD54 ,VOLTAIRE1 :OSE NAME IS AT ONCE ROMANCE1 LEG5D1 HI/ORY & SATIRE6 ,R\SSEAU6 ,!RE IS MORE ?AN ONE ,R\SSEAU 9 ! BOOK ( FAME AS !RE WAS MORE ?AN ONE ,JESUS AT ! TIME ( ! W&]] ( ,NAZ>E?4 ,BUT !RE IS ONLY ONE ,R\SSEAU :O LIVES 9 ! MEMORY ( MANK9D4 ,! O!RS >E RECORD] 9 ! V]Y DULL TONE1 :OSE PAGES ONE SOMETIMES IDLY TURNS4 ,?IS IS ! P>I% REGI/] ( ! DEAD GREAT3 GREAT !Y W]E W]E BUT !Y >E DEAD4 ,JEAN ,JACQUES1 :O LIV$ FROM #agab TO #ag< IS ! ONLY MEMB] ( ! ,R\SSEAU FAMILY :O1 BE+ DEAD1 LIVES4 ,HE PIONE]$ A REVOLUTION 9 SOCIAL RELATIONS ) HIS IMAG9>Y CONTRACT SOCIAL2 WR\<T A REVOLUTION 9 ,FR5* PROSE2 & RELEAS$ LIT]ATURE1 :AT S$ITION1 FROM ! FETID ATMOSPH]E ( ! SALON4 ,R\SSEAU'S 9FLU5CE F9ALLY RAIS$ ! SALOON ABOVE ! SALON 9 ! /ORMY DAYS ( REVOLUTION ?AT HE 9SPIR$ BUT NEV] LIV$ TO WITNESS4 ,MOLI]E1 :O LIV$ FROM #afbb TO #a#f#g#c1 :O KNEW HUMAN NATURE SO WELL1 HAD EMPLOY$ HIS WIDE UND]/&+ & GREAT GIFTS SO USEFULLY TO EXPOSE HYPOCRISY 9 ALL ITS PR(ESSIONAL HIDE\SNESS & HABILIM5TS6 ,MALBY1 #a#g#i-#a#g#h#e1 :O RETIR$ FROM /ATEMAN%IP TO PLEAD = SIMPLICITY & EQUALITY 9 SOCIETY6 ,DID]OT1 ! ,5CYCLOP$IE1 GIANT & PIONE] ( REVOLUTION :O %OOK ! ?RONES ( ,EUROPE AS A T]RI] MI<T %AKE A RAT4 ,HE APPROA*$ ! MON>*Y ) LESS *>M ( ADDRESS ?AN DID EI!R ,VOLTAIRE OR ,R\SSEAU1 BUT HE MOV$ ) A =CE & VIGOR ?AT !Y MI<T WELL HAVE 5VI$4 ,ALL W]E D5I$ !IR PLACE 9 ! ,UNIV]SITY ,LIBR>Y AT ,MOSC[4 ,! PAN!ON ( P[] HAS NO PLACE = ! FIGURE ( G5IUS4 

,DID TRU? DESPAIR8 ,NOT AT ALL4 ,SO MU* DID ! AU?ORITIES DREAD ! GREAT ,FR5* ?9K]S1 !IR WIT1 !IR MORDANT HUMOR1 !IR KE5 IRONY1 !IR KN[L$GE1 ?AT !Y IMAG9$ ,P>IS TO BE ! C5T] ( ALL ?\<T4 ,PANIC MADE IMBECILES ( ! ,RUSSIAN /ATESM54 ,IT NEV] OCCURR$ TO !IR DULL POLICE UND]/&+ ?AT !IR MI<T BE ,G]MAN ?9K]S4 ,!Y ASSUM$ ?AT ,G]MANS1 LIKE ,RUSSIANS1 NEV] ?\<T4 ,C]TA9LY ! TRIUMPH ( ,HITL]ISM AFT] YE>S ( SOCIAL DEMOCRATIC & COMMUNI/ AGITATION 9 ! FA!RL& L5DS COLOR TO ?IS ASSUMPTION4 ,GLADLY DID ! ,RUSSIAN GOV]NM5T P]MIT ,G]MAN CLASSICS TO 5T] ! UNIV]SITY FROM :I* ALL ,FR5* ?\<T HAD BE5 BANN$4 ,HEGEL1 BE+ ,G]MAN1 WAS DEEM$ NO ?9K]1 & WAS SO P]MITT$- ,HEGEL1 :OSE ME?ODS HAD 9SPIR$ MORE REVOLUTION>Y ?9K+ ?AN EV5 ! SATIRES ( ,VOLTAIRE4 ,FEU]BA* WAS ALL[$ ALSO- ,FEU]BA*1 :O D5I$ ! EXI/5CE ( ! S\L1 & REPEAT$ ! ,COMMUNI/ W>-CRY1 HE>D 9 ! /REETS ( ,P>IS 9 ?OSE DAYS ( REVOLUTION3 0,PROP]TY IS ,ROBB]Y40 

,! ,FR5* PHILOSOPH]S W]E NEGLECT$ ) 5?USIASM1 ONCE ! ,G]MANS HAD USURP$ !IR PLACE 9 ! AFFECTIONS ( ! /UD5TS4 ,IT IS PROV]BIAL ?AT LOVE LAU<S AT LOCKSMI?S4 ,?\<T IS NO LESS ROMANTIC & EFFICI5T4 ,IT TREATS AU?ORITY ) ! SMIL+ DISDA9 ,V5US RES]VES = ! LOCK-&-KEY MAK] & P5ETRATES B>S & BOLTS ) ! MO/ EFFICI5T EASE4 ,?\<T REJOICES 9 ITS ADDRESS & 5JOYS ! POMP\S BLUND]+ ( P[]4 ,VOLTAIRE WAS DEPOS$ & ! REVOLUTION PROCE$$ APACE4 ,! MESSAGE TRIUMPH$ ?\< ! MESS5G] WAS *ANG$4 ,IS NOT ! WORD GREAT] ?AN ITS BE>]8 

,TO ,H]Z51 ! ,G]MAN PHILOSOPHY WAS WOND]FUL4 ,IT WAS A REVELATION ?AT EXCIT$ HIS IMAG9ATION & FIR$ HIS AMBITION4 ,HE S\<T TO UND]/& & TO ASSIMILATE ITS !ORIES4 ,! JOY ( DISCOV]Y POSSESS$ HIM & HE PUT HIS ?\<TS 9TO WRIT+4 ,HIS MANUSCRIPTS W]E SEIZ$4 ,A YE>S IMPRISONM5T FOLL[$4 ,ON HIS RELEASE HE ATT5D$ A D9N] ORGANIZ$ BY ! /UD5TS1 :O TOA/$ ,HEGEL & SUNG REVOLUTION>Y SONGS4 ,HE WAS >RE/$ AGA9 & EXIL$ TO ,P]M1 ON ! V]Y BORD]S ( ,SIB]IA4 ,9 SOLITUDE HE DET]M9$ TO FA?OM ,HEGEL4 ,A MA/] :O HAD CO/ HIS DISCIPLE SO MU* FRE$OM \<T TO BE UND]/OOD4 

,H]Z5 WAS P]MITT$ TO RETURN TO CIVILIZ$ LIFE & TO LIVE AT ,VLADIMIR4 ,HE FL$ FROM H]E TO ,MOSC[ & C>RI$ (F FROM ONE ( ! ,IMP]IAL ,LADIES' ,ACADEMIES1 A Y\NG C\S9 TO :OM HE HAD BE5 5GAG$4 ,! AU?ORITIES SMIL$ AT HIS ROMANCE :]E !Y FR[N AT HIS ?\<T4 ,HE WAS =GIV5 = HIS ESCAPADE & EV5 ALL[$ TO LIVE 9 ,MOSC[4 ,UNGRATEFUL & UNREP5TANT HE JO9$ A /UDY CIRCLE AT :I* HE MET ,BAKUN94 

,AT FIR/1 ,BAKUN9 & ,H]Z5 W]E 9 OPPOSITE CAMPS4 ,! CIRCLE WAS DIVID$ 9TO TWO FACTIONS4 ,ONE WAS ,BAKUN9-,BIEL9SKY-,/ANKEVIT* GR\P4 ,?IS WAS FRANKLY ,G]MAN1 AU?ORIT>IAN & PURELY SPECULATIVE4 ,IT CONF9$ PHILOSOPHY TO ! SKY4 ,! O!R WAS ! GR\P ( ,H]Z5 & ,OG>IOV4 ,IT WAS AV[$LY ,FR5*1 LIB]T>IAN & REVOLUTION>Y4 ,IT 9SI/$ ?AT PHILOSOPHY BELONG$ TO ! E>?4 ,H]Z5 D5\NC$ ,BAKUN9 AS A S5TIM5TALI/ & ,BAKUN9 RIDICUL$ ,H]Z5 AS ! 0,RUSSIAN ,VOLTAIRE04 ,TO ,BAKUN91 ?R\<\T HIS C>E]1 ,G]MANY WAS ! FA!RL& ( AU?ORITY & ,FRANCE ! MO!RL& ( LIB]TY4 ,HE DIVORC$ ! ONE & ESP\S$ ! O!R4 ,HE NEV] V>I$ HIS CONCEPTION ( !IR RESPECTIVE ROLES4 

,BAKUN9 D5\NC$ ! ,FR5* = BE+ TURBUL5T4 ,HE CONDEMN$ 0! FURI\S & SANGU9>Y SC5ES (0 !IR REVOLUTION4 ,HE DESCRIB$ ! REVOLUTION ITSELF AS 0?IS AB/RACT & ILLIMITABLE :IRLW9D40 ,IT 0%OOK ,FRANCE & ALL BUT DE/ROY$ H]40 ,! ,FR5* WRIT]S ASSUM$ ! GAUDY & UNM]IT$ TITLE ( PHILOSOPH]S4 ,9 !IR 0PHILOSOPHICATIONS0 !Y MADE REVELATION AN OBJECT ( MOCK]Y & RELIGION A SUBJECT = CONTEMPT4 ,! ,REVOLUTION NEGAT$ ! ,/ATE & LEGAL ORD]4 ,IT SACRIFIC$ LOYALTY & ALL ?AT WAS MO/ HOLY & TRULY GREAT 9 LIFE TO PASS+ FA%ION4 ,H]Z5 & HIS COLLEAGUES W]E SUFF]+ FROM ?IS 0,FR5* ,MALADY40 ,!Y FILL$ !MSELVES ) ,FR5* PHRASES4 ,!IR SPEE*ES W]E VANITIES ( S\ND1 EMPTY ( MEAN+4 ,!IR 0BABBL+0 KILL$ ! S\L 9 ! G]M4 ,) !IR SPEE*ES !Y DEPRIV$ LIFE ( ! ESS5CE ( BEAUTY4 ,RUSSIAN SOCIETY 9 DEF5SE ( 0\R BEAUTIFUL ,RUSSIAN REALITY10 MU/ ALLY ITSELF ) 0! ,G]MAN WORLD0 & 0ITS DISCIPL9$ CONSCI5CE40 

0,RECONCILIATION ) REALITY 9 ALL ITS RELATIONS & UND] ALL CONDITIONS IS ! GREAT PROBLEM ( \R DAY10 HE ADD$4 ,REAL $UCATION WAS 0?AT :I* MAKES A TRUE & P[]FUL ,RUSSIAN MAN DEVOT$ TO ! ,CZ>40 ,LIKE ! MORE MOD]N ,HITL]1 ,BAKUN91 AT ?IS /AGE ( HIS ?\<T1 OMITT$ WOM5 AS AN 9DIVIDUAL FROM HIS S*EME ( ?+S4 ,! ,RUSSIAN MAN WAS TO BE 0DEVOT$ TO ! ,CZ>0 ( HIS [N WILL4 ,9 ! CASE ( WOM51 OB$I5CE WAS H] NATURAL LOT4 ,%E HAD NO 9ITIATIVE 9 ! MATT]4 ,H] LOYALTY WAS BUT ! DOCILITY ( ! C[$ DOME/IC ANIMAL4 ,MANY ,SOCIALI/S & EV5 ,COMMUNI/S 9DULGE ?IS ,E>LY ,*UR* ,FA!R FAIL+ ?AT ,LU!R P]PETUAT$ 9TO ,G]MAN LIFE & ?\<T4 ,EV5 ,FREE-?\<T HAS NOT CUR$ ! MO/ RADICAL MANHOOD ( ! FOLLY ( /RIK+ SEX \T FROM ! DEF9ITION ( ! MALE HUMAN & OMITT+ 0HUMAN0 FROM ! DEF9ITION ( WOMAN4 ,9 \R TEXT BOOKS1 IS NOT WOMAN /ILL REF]R$ TO AS 0! SEX80 ,DOES NOT MAN REG>D SEX AS HIS SP>E TIME 5JOYM5T8 ,CONSID] !N ! ACTUAL 9SULT TO AT LEA/ HALF ! HUMAN RACE CONVEY$ BY ! PREVAIL+ MALE CONCEPTION4 

,HEGEL & ,GOE! W]E1 ACCORD+ TO ,BAKUN91 0! LEAD]S ( ?IS MOVEM5T ( RECONCILIATION1 ?IS RETURN FROM DEA? TO LIFE40 0,YES10 HE ADD$1 0SUFF]+ IS GOOD2 IT IS ?AT PURIFY+ FLAME :I* TRANS=MS ! SPIRIT & MAKES IT /EADFA/40 

,( C\RSE SUFF]+ IS GOOD1 PROVID$ IT S]VES SOME DEF9ITE USEFUL PURPOSE4 ,O!RWISE SUFF]+ IS M]ELY S5SELESS B>B>ISM4 ,TO ACCEPT 9JUNCTION ( ,JESUS1 TO TAKE UP ! BURD5 OR CROSS ( ! EV]YDAY USEFUL /RUGGLE ( LIFE1 TO WITNESS = ,TRU? AGA9/ ,MAMMON & ,MOLO* & ! ,K+S ( ! ,E>?1 IS WISDOM4 ,UNHAPPILY1 ,BAKUN9 DID NOT MEAN ?IS K9D ( SACRIFICE4 ,HE MEANT REPRESSION & SUBJECTION4 ,IT WAS 0SACRIFICE0 TO DON A UNI=M & PROCE$ TO MURD] 9 ! NAME ( ,GLORY2 TO 5LI/ UND] ! BANN]S ( ,CZ> & ,KAIS]2 9DE$ TO FOLL[ ANY LIC5S$ MURD]] :O T]M$ HIMSELF A ,K+ OR A ,G5]AL OR A ,/ATESMAN4 ,BAKUN9'S 0SACRIFICE0 WAS ! QU9TESS5CE ( HUMAN FOLLY4 ,SACRIFICE IS )\T PURPOSE UNLESS IT LEADS TO A FULL] LIFE = ! 9DIVIDUAL & = ALL MEMB]S ( ! GREAT HUMAN FAMILY4 ,HEGEL HAD RECONCIL$ ,BAKUN9 TO ,G]MANY & ! N>R[ CIRCUMSCRIB$ LIFE ( OPPRESSION4 ,HE WROTE & SPOKE AS ! APO/LE ( ,CZ>ISM & ,PRUSSIANISM4 ,HE WAS /ILL ! HOMESICK S*OOLBOY :O DESPIS$ ! /UD5TS AT ! ,>TILL]Y ,S*OOL4 

,BAKUN9 PLUNG$ TO ! V]Y DEP?S ( ! ,G]MAN METAPHYSICAL IDEALISM4 ,HE HESITAT$ BE=E NONE ( ITS LOGICAL CONSEQU5CES4 ,HE REJOIC$ ?AT 0! PR(\ND RELIGI\S FEEL+ ( ! ,G]MAN PEOPLE0 SAV$ IT FROM SU* EXP]I5CES AS ?OSE 5DUR$ BY ,FRANCE DUR+ ITS IMMORTAL ,REVOLUTION4 

,NO WOND]1 :5 HE HAD PASS$ ?R\< ! VIOL5T *ANGE :I* TRANS=M$ HIM 9TO AN ,AN>*I/ & 5EMY ( ,CZ>ISM1 ,BAKUN9 HAT$ EV]Y?+ ,G]MAN & ADOR$ EV]Y?+ ,FR5*4 ,NO WOND] ! ,G]MANOPHILE BECAME ! ,FRANCOPHILE & ! ,FRANCOPHONE BECAME ! ,G]MANOPHONE4 ,BAKUN9 HAD PASS$ ?R\< HIS TRANSITION BE=E ! ,/ANKEVIT* CIRCLE DISSOLV$ 9 #a#h#c#i4 ,HE EMBRAC$ ,H]Z5'S VIEWPO9T & SUPPORT$ ! LATT]'S CONT5TION ) BOLDNESS & IRRESI/IBLE DIALECTIC4 ,! DAWN ( ! HUNGRY =TIES F\ND HIM ! *AMPION ( ,FRANCE & ,REVOLUTION4 ,TO HIM1 ,FRANCE WAS N[ ! CLASSIC L& ( /RUGGLE & REVOLUTION4 

,IT HAD 5JOY$ #h YE>S ( REVOLUTION FROM ,A4,D4 #ihg TO #a#g#h#i4 ,IT WAS HOME ( ,FRE$OM1 :]EAS ,G]MANY WAS ! HOME ( AU?ORITY & REACTION4 ,HEGEL HAD CONV]T$ ,BAKUN9 TO ,FRANCE & ,LIB]TY4 ,VOLTAIRE WAS NOT M]ELY AV5G$4 ,HE WAS EXCELL$4 

,! COMPLETION ( ,BAKUN9'S M5TAL *ANGE IS A MATT] = S]I\S /UDY BY ! APOLOGI/S ( P[]4 ,LIFE IS AMUS+ AS WELL AS SAD4 ,IT IS NEV] MORE 5T]TA9+ & 9/RUCTIVE ?AN 9 ITS MOM5TS ( GREAT CRISIS1 :5 OLD WORLDS GIVE PLACE TO NEW4 ,!N WE WITNESS ! R5[N$ /RUGGLE BETWE5 ,LITTLE ,JACK & ! ,MI<TY ,GIANT4 ,! ,BIBLICAL V>IANT IS ,DAVID & ,GOLIA?4 ,HI/ORY HAS MANY V>IANTS4 ,JESUS AGA9/ ,CAES>ISM1 A /RUGGLE NOT YET 5D$4 ,LU!R AGA9/ ,ROME4 ,]ASMUS AGA9/ ! ,D>K ,AGES4 ,VOLTAIRE AGA9/ ! FEUDAL NOBILITY ( ,FRANCE4 ,S]VETUS AGA9/ ,CALV94 ,9 T]MS ( /RUGGLE & TRAG$Y !Y RELATE & ILLU/RATE ! SAME MAGNIFIC5T P>ADOX ( PROGRESS4 ,9 ! BATTLE BETWE5 ,P[] & ,?\<T1 IT IS ,P[] & NOT ,?\<T ?AT IS H&ICAPP$ UNM]CIFULLY4 ,YET :5EV] ! CONTE/ IS R5EW$ SIDES >E TAK5 BECAUSE M5 BELIEVE ?AT ,P[] IS SUPREME & ,?\<T A HOPELESSLY \TCLASS$ *ALL5G]4 ,IT IS AS ?\< MANK9D REGUL>LY AT ! DAWN ( EA* NEW EPO* %UTS \T ALL KN[L$GE ( ! PA/4 ,W]E IT O!RWISE !RE W\LD BE NO BATTLE1 &1 P]HAPS1 NO TRUE PROGRESS4 ,! ,APO/LE 9T5D$ NOT ]ROR BUT TRU? :5 HE DEF9$ ,FAI? AS ! EVID5CE ( ?+S UNSE54 ,ACTUALLY1 ,FAI? IS ! VISION ( ?+S CLE>LY SE5 FROM ! BEG9N+ ( TIME4 

,P[] MOVES ALONG ! AGES HEAVILY1 WEI<$ D[N ) ITS [N AU?ORITY1 & >M$ ALWAYS ) ITS UNWIELDY BLUDGEON4 ,IT HAS NO ELAN4 ,IT WAS WEAL? & POMP & NUMB]S2 P]FECT MA*9]Y1 MU* SURR\ND+ CIRCUM/ANCES1 BUT )AL1 NO LIFE4 ,?\<T IS )\T NUMB]S4 ,?9K]S R>ELY COMM& A MAJORITY4 ,! GRAVE CAN BOA/ A MORE COMPACT MAJORITY4 ,?\<T HAS NO MA*9]Y ( ACTION4 ,LIKE ,%AKESPE>E'S CONSPIRATORS1 ?\<T IS LEAN & DANG]\S4 ,BUT IT IS DE/9Y & EV] SURVIVES4 ,IT DIES ONLY :5 IT HAS ASC5D$ FROM ! GUTT] TO ! PALACE & HAS ASSUM$ ! RANK ( FA%ION4 ,IT !N RETURNS TO ! GUTT] & MAKES W> ON ITS %AD[4 ,HANS ,&]S5 HAS TOLD ! /ORY ( ! MAN & HIS %AD[ 9 ONE ( HIS IMMORTAL FAIRY TALES4 ,9 HIS /ORY1 ! %AD[1 :I* IS ,P[]1 TRIUMPHS4 ,9 \R RECORD ! MAN1 BE+ ,?\<T1 LA/S ! DI/ANCE4 

,P[] LUMB]S AWKW>DLY TO ITS DOOM1 :IL/ ,?\<T MOVES GRACEFULLY & BRAVELY ?R\< SUFF]+1 FROM ! GIBBET TO ! ?RONE4 ,?IS IS ! GREAT MESSAGE ( ,*RI/IANITY AS YET UNREVEAL$ TO !OLOGIANS BUT OBVI\S TO ! POOR4 ,! SWORD MU/ P]I% & ! WORLD MU/ TRIUMPH4 ,?IS FACT EXPLA9S :Y ,A*ILLES & ,HECTOR1 OLD-TIME DEITIES1 >E N[ =GOTT54 ,HECTOR1 ( C\RSE1 IS REMEMB]$ 9 ! WORD 0HECTOR+40 ,IT MEANS ?AT HUMANITY REV]ES HIM NO LONG] AS A GOD BUT RECALLS HIS MEMORY AS ?AT ( A BRAGG>D & BULLY4 ,! GR[? ( ?IS IDEA REGI/]$ ! DI/ANCE ?AT SEP>ATES ,%AKESPE>E'S /ORY ( ! GODS 9 HIS LITTLE APPRECIAT$ 

0,TROILUS & ,CRESSIDA0 FROM ! SAME !ME AS DEVELOP$ AT AN E>LI] EPO* ( ,5GLI% LIT]ATURE BY ,*AUC]4 ,JESUS BAS$ HIS 5TIRE E?IC ON ! SIMPLE TRU? ?AT ! GODS ( P[] & VIOL5CE MU/ PASS AWAY4 ,EV]Y M>TYR S9CE HAS EXPRESS$ ! SAME CONCEPTION4 ,HOLY ,SYNODS & ,CZ>I/ POLICE KNEW NO?+ AB\T SU* SUBTLETIES4 ,BY DE/ROY+ BODIES & BURN+ BOOKS !Y EXPECT$ TO P]I% ?\<T4 ,TO ! CONTR>Y1 BY DE/ROY+ M]E MESS5G]S1 !Y GAVE BODY TO ?\<T ITSELF4 ,M5 DIE ONLY ?AT ?AT ?\<T MAY BE RESURRECT$ 9 A NEW BODY UNTO TRIUMPH & GLORY4 ,9 ,RUSSIA1 ,BAKUN9 BECAME ?AT NEW BODY4 ,HE WAS ! WORD 9C>NATE1 A MO/ BRILLIANT MEMB] ( A BRILLIANT GR\P ( ?9K]S & DISPUTANTS4 

,H]Z50S CONT5TION1 AT FIR/ *ALL5G$ & !N ACCEPT$ BY ,BAKUN91 WAS ?AT ,HEGEL'S SY/EM WAS NO?+ LESS ?AN ! ALGEBRA ( ! ,REVOLUTION4 ,IT SET M5 FREE 9 A S5SE ?AT NO O!R PHILOSOPHY HAD DONE OR C\LD DO4 ,IT LIB]AT$ ! WORLD FROM OBSOLETE RE/RICTIONS4 ,IT LEFT NO AU?ORITY SECURE 9 ,*RI/5DOM4 ,IT PROCLAIM$ ! IDEA ?AT NO?+ WAS IMMUTABLE & ASS]T$ ?AT EV]Y SOCIAL CONDITION CONTA9$ ! G]M ( ITS [N DE/RUCTION4 ,?IS IDEA1 A PLATITUDE ( ALL MOD]N SOCIALI/ >GUM5T1 BELONGS1 NOT TO ,DE ,LEON OR EV5 ,M>X1 BUT TO ,HEGEL4 ,! IDEA L$ ,H]Z5 TO ! /UDY ( ! ,FR5* ,REVOLUTION4 ,HE W5T FUR!R BACK4 ,! REVOLUTION L$ TO ! PHILOSOPH]S :O HAD =ESE5 & 9SPIR$ IT4 ,!Y BECAME ! DIV9ITIES ( HIS ?\<T LIKE SO MANY />S 9 ! FIRMAM5T4 ,HEGEL HAD PROV5 ,H]Z5'S DIRECT PA? TO ! /UDY ( ,VOLTAIRE1 ,R\SSEAU1 ,DID]OT1 & D',ALEMB]T4 ,9 HIS TURN1 ,H]Z5 HAD BR\<T ,BAKUN9 TO WOR%IP AT ! SAME ALT>4 

,BAKUN9'S *ANG$ ATTITUDE MADE HIS WRIT+S RADICAL & HIS \TLOOK ON !OLOGY V]Y CLE>4 ,FROM ?IS TIME ON HE WAS NOT M]ELY AN ,A!I/ BUT AN ANTI-!I/4 ,VOLTAIRE NE$$ ,GOD TO EXPLA9 ! UNIV]SE & TO RE/RA9 ! WILDNESS ( DEMOCRACY 9 RIOT\S MOOD4 ,FREE?9K]S HAVE COMPLA9$ ?AT ,BAKUN9 WAS NOT TOO MU* CONC]N$ ) DISPUT+ ! VALIDITY ( ,VOLTAIRE'S DEI/IC EXPLANATION4 ,?AT IS TRUE4 ,BAKUN9'S CONC]N WAS TO REMOVE ONCE & = ALL1 ! AU?ORITY ( ! IDEA ( GOD 9 ORD] ?AT MAN MI<T BREA! FREELY4 ,BAKUN9 ASSUM$ :AT MO/ FREE?9K]S W]E NOT PREP>$ TO ACCEPT3 NOT ONLY DID GOD NOT EXI/1 BUT EV5 IF HE C\LD OR DID MAN HAD RI<TS AGA9/ GOD4 ,9 A WORD1 ,BAKUN9 SET HIS CAUSE ON LIB]TY4 

,H]Z5 WAS IMPRESS$ ) ,BAKUN9'S 9COMP>ABLE 0REVOLUTION>Y TACT40 ,AT LEA/ HE WAS AWAKE4 ,HE P]SONIFI$ TIRELESS 5]GY4 ,DAYS ( REACTION HAD MADE HIM ?OR\<LY AT HOME ) ! ,G]MAN LANGUAGE & ! ,G]MAN PHILOSOPHY4 ,HE EMPLOY$ ITS =CEFUL CONC5TRATION TO EXPRESS ,FR5* LIB]T>IAN IDEAS4 ,PR\DHON NOT$ ! EFFECT ( HIS ,G]MAN /UDIES ON HIS ?\<T & /YLE4 ,! GREAT ,FR5* ,AN>*I/ REG>D$ ,BAKUN9 AS A MON/ROSITY 9 HIS T]SE DIALECTIC & HIS LUM9\S P]CEPTION ( IDEAS 9 !IR ESS5CE4 

,MON/ROSITY6 ,P]HAPS ?AT WORD WILL S]VE AS WELL AS ANY O!R TO EXPLA9 ! %AD[ ?AT ,BAKUN9 CA/ ACROSS ! FIELD ( ! N9ETE5? C5TURY ,EUROPEAN POLITICS4 ,IT IS A WOR?Y PORTRAIT (1 & A FITT+ EPITAPH =1 ! MAN :O WAS1 ?R\<\T HIS LIFE1 ! VICTIM ( HIS [N ?OR\<NESS4 

O ,*APT] #f 3 ,! ,FR5* & ,G]MAN ,SPIRIT 

,T\RG5IEFF ONCE 9V5T$ A ,NIHILI/ H]O NAM$ ,BAZ>(F4 ,?IS *>ACT] LIVES 9 ,SOCIALI/ LIT]ATURE BECAUSE ( HIS PROPAG&I/ REPLY TO ! USUAL SKEPTICAL QUE/ION3 ,DO Y\ IMAG9E ?AT Y\ 9FLU5CE ! MASSES8 ,BAZ>(F ANSW]$3 0,A HALF-P5NY TALL[ DIP SUFFIC$ TO SET ALL ,MOSC[ 9 A BLAZE40 ,H]Z5'S NATIVITY ASSOCIATES HIS NAME ) ! IMMORTAL FLAMES ?US HUMBLY ORIG9AT$4 ,HE IS ! LI<T$ TALL[ DIP :I* BEGAN ! MI<TY ,RUSSIAN CONFLAGRATION :I* YET ?REAT5S TO CONSUME ! :OLE ( ,CAPITALI/ ,SOCIETY4 ,EV5 AS ! FLAMES SPREAD1 ,H]Z5 SPLUTT]$ & W5T \T4 ,BE=E SUCCUMB+ TO REACTION1 HE SET FIRE TO A R>E TOR* 9 ,BAKUN94 ,HIS GREAT DISCIPLE WAS DE/9$ TO LI<T ! BEACON FIRES ( REVOLUTION ?R\<\T ! WORLD4 ,= MANY YE>S ,BAKUN9'S ACTIVITIES MAY HAVE SEEM$ TO HAVE BE5 SO MU* SMOKE4 ,TO-DAY WE KN[ !Y W]E SMOLD]+ FIRES4 ,! LA/ HAS NOT BE5 HE>D ( HIS WORLD 9FLU5CE4 ,BAKUN9 BEGAN HIS MISSION 9 #a#h#d#a4 ,HE PROCE$$ TO ,B]L9 TO CONT9UE ! /UDIES COMM5C$ AT ,MOSC[4 ,HE WAS N[ A ,R$ AMONG ,R$S4 ,PHILOSOPH]1 ,SOCIALI/1 ,REBEL1 HE LEFT ,RUSSIA = ! FIR/ TIME4 ,! FOLL[+ E> HE REMOV$ FROM ,B]L9 TO ,DRESD5 9 ORD] TO GA9 A NE>] ACQUA9TANCE ) ,>NOLD ,R\GE1 ! =EMO/ ,HEGELIAN ( ! LEFT4 ,BAKUN9 WAS ANXI\S TO PROCLAIM HIS SYMPA?Y ) ,R\GE1 & HIS DEF9ITE RUPTURE ) CONS]VATISM4 ,TO ?IS 5D1 HE PUBLI%$ HIS FIR/ REVOLUTION>Y ESSAY1 5TITL$ 0,! ,REACTION 9 ,G]MANY10 9 ,R\GE'S ,JAHRBU*] = #a#h#d#b1 ,NOS4 #b#d#g-#e#a4 ,HE US$ ! NOM-DE-PLUME ( ,JULES ,ELIZ>D & HAD ,R\GE PRET5D IT WAS A 0,FRAGM5T BY A ,FR5*MAN40 ,FROM ?IS TIME ON1 ,FR5* PREJUDICES W]E TO M> HIS WORK1 AS =M]LY1 HIS ,G]MAN ONES HAD CONF9$ HIS UND]/&+4 ,! H9DRANCE ( RADICAL IDEALISM WAS FATAL TO ! G5IUS ( ! N9ETE5? C5TURY4 ,IT LIMIT$ ,M>X AS WELL AS ,BAKUN94 

0,JULES ,ELIZ>D0 5T]$ AN UNCOMPROMIS+ PLEA = REVOLUTION & ,NIHILISM4 ,! PR9CIPLE ( REVOLUTION1 HE DECL>$ IS ! PR9CIPLE ( NEGATION1 ! EV]LA/+ SPIRIT ( DE/RUCTION & ANNIHILATION ?AT IS ! FA?OMLESS & EV]-CREAT+ F\NTA9 ( ALL LIFE4 ,IT IS ! SPIRIT ( 9TELLIG5CE1 ! EV] Y\NG1 ! EV] NEW BORN1 ?AT IS NOT TO BE LOOK$ = AMONG ! RU9S ( ! PA/4 ,! *AMPIONS ( ?IS PR9CIPLE >E SOME?+ MORE ?AN ! M]E NEGATIVE P>TY1 ! UNCOMPROMIS+ 5EMIES ( ! POSITIVE2 = ! LATT] EXI/S ONLY AS ! CONTR>Y ( ! NEGATIVE1 :IL/ ?AT :I* SU/A9S & ELEVATES ! P>TY ( REVOLT IS ! ALL-EMBRAC+ PR9CIPLE ( ABSOLUTE FRE$OM4 ,! ,FR5* ,REVOLUTION ]ECT$ ! ,TEMPLE ( ,LIB]TY1 ON :I* IT WROTE ! MY/]I\S WORDS3 ,LIB]TY1 ,EQUALITY1 & ,FRAT]NITY40 ,IT WAS IMPOSSIBLE NOT TO KN[ & FEEL ?AT !SE WORDS MEANT ! TOTAL ANNIHILATION ( ! EXI/+ WORLD ( POLITICS & SOCIETY4 ,IT WAS IMPOSSIBLE1 ALSO1 NOT TO EXP]I5CE A ?RILL ( PLEASURE AT ! B>E SUGGE/ION ( ?IS ANNIHILATION4 ,?AT WAS BECAUSE ! 0JOY ( DE/RUCTION IS ALSO ! JOY ( CREATION40 

,IT WAS FITT+ ?AT ! YE> AFT] ! PUBLICATION ( 0,JULES ,ELIZ>D0 ESSAY1 ,BAKUN9 %\LD QUIT ,DRESD5 = ,P>IS4 ,HE BELIEV$ HE HAD LE>N$ ALL !RE WAS TO BE LE>N$ 9 ,G]MANY4 ,9 ! ,FR5* CAPITAL HE ID5TIFI$ HIMSELF ) ALL :O W]E NOT$ = !IR REVOLUTION>Y OP9ION4 ,A C]TA9 COMMUNITY ( ?\<T ATTRACT$ HIM TO ,PR\DHON4 ,! LATT] ANSW] ANSW]$ ! QUE/ION1 0,:AT IS ,PROP]TY80 ) ,BRISSOT'S REVOLUTION>Y REPLY3 0,PROP]TY IS ,!FT40 ,PR\DHON1 :O PAID GREAT TRIBUTE TO ,JESUS AS A PROPHET1 ADOPT$ ! E>LY ,*RI/IAN MOTTO3 0,I WILL REBUILD40 ,PR\DHON POSSESS$ AN 9T5SE ADMIRATION = ,HEGEL & BELIEV$ ?AT ! PROCESS ( DE/RUCTION WAS A NECESS>Y P>T ( CON/RUCTION4 ,) ,?OMAS ,PA9E1 HE ALSO BELIEV$ ?AT ! SOCIAL CON/ITUTION ( SOCIETY WAS OPPOS$ TO ! POLITICAL CON/ITUTION ( ! /ATE4 ,?IS IS ! ESS5CE ( ,AN>*I/ PHILOSOPHY4 ,DESPIS$ DUR+ ! YE>S ?AT P>LIAM5T>Y SOCIAL DEMOCRACY WAS FOOL+ & BETRAY+ ! WORK]S ( ,EUROPE1 IT IS N[ SE5 TO EMBODY ! WISDOM ( ! SOCIAL /RUGGLE4 ,?IS IDEA SUBSEQU5TLY L$ ,PR\DHON TO DEVELOP HIS 0,REVOLUTION>Y ,IDEA0 9 :I* HE =ESEES ! LIQUIDATION ( POLITICAL OR MILIT>Y SOCIETY-HE ID5TIFIES ! TWO-9 9DU/RIAL OR USEFUL SOCIETY4 ,PR\DHON'S AN>*I/ !ORY ?AT REACTION IS ! =]UNN] ( REVOLUTION IS SE5 TO-DAY TO BE HI/ORICALLY CORRECT AS OPPOS$ TO ! P>LIAM5T>Y !ORY ( GRADUALISM1 :I* HAS COLLAPS$4 ,ON ALL !SE PO9TS ,BAKUN9 F9DS HIMSELF AT ONE ) ,PR\DHON4 ,M>X DESCRIBES ,PR\DHON AS A ,UTOPIAN & A ,RE=MI/4 ,BAKUN9 DESCRIB$ HIM AS A SOCIAL REVOLUTIONI/ ( ! FIR/ WAT]4 ,!RE IS TRU? 9 BO? CONCEPTIONS4 ,9 LAT] YE>S ,BAKUN9 CAME TO %>E ,M>X'S VIEW ( ,PR\DHON4 ,9 0,/ATISM & ,AN>*Y10 ISSU$ SOME:]E 9 ,RUSSIA1 9 #a#h#g#c1 ,BAKUN9 WROTE3- 

0,PR\DHON1 9 SPITE ( ALL HIS EF=TS TO GET A FOO?OLD UPON ! FIRM GR\ND ( REALITY1 REMA9$ AN IDEALI/ & A METAPHYSICIAN4 ,HIS />T+ PO9T IS ! AB/RACT SIDE ( LAW2 IT IS FROM ?IS ?AT HE />TS 9 ORD] TO >RIVE AT ECONOMIC FACTS1 :ILE ,M>X1 ON ! CONTR>Y1 HAS 5UNCIAT$ & PROV$ ! TRU?1 DEMON/RAT$ BY ! :OLE ( ! ANCI5T & MOD]N HI/ORY ( HUMAN SOCIETIES1 ( PEOPLE & ( /ATES1 ?AT ECONOMIC FACTS PREC$$ & PREC$E ! FACTS ( POLITICAL & CIVIL LAW4 ,! DISCOV]Y & DEMON/RATION ( ?IS TRU? IS ONE ( ! GREATE/ M]ITS ( ,M4 ,M>X40 

,TWO YE>S BE=E1 WRIT+ AT ! TIME ( ! DISA/] TO ! ,COMMUNE & AT ! BEG9N+ ( ! P>LIAM5T>Y DEBACLE1 ,BAKUN91 9 HIS ,POLITICAL ,!OLOGY ( ,MAZZ9I & ! ,9T]NATIONAL1 PUBLI%$ AT ,NEU*ATEL1 GIVES ,M>X ! CR$IT ( HAV+ DISCOV]$ ! MAT]IALI/IC CONCEPTION ( HI/ORY4 ,BAKUN9 DEF9ES ?IS CONCEPTION AS FOLL[S3- 

0,ALL ! RELIGIONS1 & ALL ! SY/EMS ( MORALS ?AT GOV]N A GIV5 SOCIETY >E ALWAYS ! IDEAL EXPRESSION ( ITS REAL1 MAT]IAL CONDITION1 ?AT IS1 ESPECIALLY ( ITS ECONOMIC ORGANIZATION1 BUT ALSO ( ITS POLITICAL ORGANIZATION1 ! LATT]1 9DE$1 BE+ NEV] ANY?+ BUT ! JURIDICAL & VIOL5T CONSECRATION ( ! =M]40 

,9 ?IS SAME YE> ( TRAG$Y1 ,BAKUN9 RECORDS HIS FIR/ IMPRESSIONS ( ,M>X :5 HE MET HIM 9 ,P>IS3- 

0,M>X WAS MU* MORE ADVANC$ ?AT ,I WAS AS HE REMA9S TO-DAY1 NOT MORE ADVANC$ BUT 9COMP>ABLY MORE LE>N$ ?AN ,I AM4 ,I KNEW !N NO?+ ( POLITICAL ECONOMY4 ,I HAD NOT YET RID MYSELF ( METAPHYSICAL AB/RACTIONS1 & MY ,SOCIALISM WAS ONLY 9/9CTIVE4 ,HE1 ?\< Y\NG] ?AN ,I1 WAS ALREADY AN ,A!I/1 AN 9/RUCT$ MAT]IALI/1 A WELL-CONSID]$ ,SOCIALI/4 ,IT WAS JU/ AT ?IS TIME 7#a#h#d#g7 ?AT HE ELABORAT$ ! FIR/ F\NDATIONS ( PRES5T SY/EM4 ,WE SAW EA* O!R FAIRLY (T51 = ,I RESPECT$ HIM MU* = HIS LE>N+ & HIS PASSIONATE & S]I\S DEVOTION-ALWAYS MIX$1 H[EV]1 ) P]SONAL VANITY-TO ! CAUSE ( ! PROLET>IAT4 ,I S\<T EAG]LY HIS CONV]SATION1 :I* WAS ALWAYS 9/RUCTIVE & CLEV]1 :5 IT WAS NOT 9SPIR$ BY A PALTRY HATE1 :I*1 ALAS6 HAPP5$ ONLY TOO (T54 ,BUT !RE WAS NEV] ANY FRANK 9TIMACY BETWE5 US4 ,\R TEMP]AM5TS W\LD NOT SUFF] IT4 ,HE CALL$ ME A S5TIM5TAL IDEALI/1 & HE WAS RI<T4 ,I CALL$ HIM A VA9 MAN1 P]FIDI\S1 & CRAFTY2 & ,I1 ALSO1 WAS RI<T40 

,?IS TAKES US BACK TO ! =TIES & ,BAKUN9'S ADV5TURES 9 ,FRANCE4 ,A FEW MON?S AFT] !IR MEET+1 ,PR\DHON WAS OBLIG$ TO LEAVE ,P>IS = ,LYONS4 ,BAKUN9 WAS 9DUC$ BY HIS ,POLI% TO LEAVE ,P>IS = ,LYONS4 ,BAKUN9 WAS 9DUC$ BY HIS ,POLI% FRI5DS TO GO TO ,SWITZ]L&4 ,HE WAS 9VOLV$ 9 ! TRIAL ( ! ,SWISS ,SOCIALI/S & DEPRIV$ ( HIS RANK AS A ,RUSSIAN (FIC] & HIS RI<TS ( NOBILITY4 ,HE :ITTL$ AWAY FIVE YE>S 9 ! ,SWISS VILLAGES4 ,PROCE$+ TO ,P>IS1 HE ?REW HIMSELF :OLEHE>T$LY 9TO ! /RUGGLE = FRE$OM4 ,HIS ACTIVITY BR\<T HIM 9TO CONTACT ) ,M>X4 ,HIS IMPRESSION ( ,M>X HAS BE5 RECORD$4 

O ,*APT] #g 3 ,BE=E ! ,/ORM 

,NOVEMB] #b#i?1 #a#h#d#g1 WAS ! ANNIV]S>Y ( ! 9SURRECTION ( ,W>SAW4 ,ON ?IS DATE ,P>IS CELEBRAT$ ,BAKUN9'S SPEE* TO ! ,POLES4 ,= ! FIR/ TIME A ,RUSSIAN (F]$ ! H& ( BRO!RHOOD TO ! REBEL NATIONALI/S ( ?IS MU* P]SECUT$ PEOPLE1 & R5\NC$ PUBLICLY ! GOV]NM5T ( ,/4 ,PET]SBURG4 ,HIS ORATION PROMIS$ ?AT ! FUTURE ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION W\LD MAKE AM5DS = ! GRIEV\S 9JU/ICE SUFF]$ BY ! ,POLI% NATION UND] ! ,CZ>4 ,IT W\LD REMOVE ALL DIFF]5CES BETWE5 ! TWO LEAD+ ,SLAV FAMILIES & UNITE !M 9TO A F$]ATIVE ,SOCIAL ,REPUBLIC4 ,IT MU/ NOT BE CONCLUD$ ?AT ,BAKUN9 WAS ANTICIPAT+ ! PO/W> ,POL& ( ! C\NT] REVOLUTION>Y F9ANCI]S4 ,HE WAS NOT ANTICIPAT+ EV5 ,/AL9I/ ,SOVIET ,RUSSIA1 :]E REVOLUTIONI/S >E EXIL$ & IMPRISON$ = !IR ADH]5CE TO ! P]MAN5T REVOLUTION & !IR OPPOSITION TO ! C\NT]-REVOLUTION>Y FALLACY ?AT AN AGR>IAN C\NTRY CAN BUILD A SOCIALI/ /ATE SURR\ND$ BY CAPITALI/ NATIONS4 ,HE 5VISION$ A ,SOVIET ,POL& & A ,SOVIET ,RUSSIA1 TWO ALLI$ PROLET>IAN L&S 9 :I* ALL P[] W\LD BE VE/$ 9 ! DIRECT H&S ( ! PRODUC]S !MSELVES4 ,BAKUN9 WANT$ A REAL SOCIAL REORGANIZATION ( SOCIETY4 ,HIS NEW ,RUSSIA WAS M]ELY AN 9TRODUCTION TO A NEW ,EUROPE & A NEW WORLD4 ,ITS FULL IMPORT WAS NOT APPRECIAT$ AT ! TIME4 ,ALL ?AT ! ,CZ>'S GOV]NM5T REALIZ$ WAS ?AT IT HAD MADE A S5SATION & WAS ?OR\<LY S$ITI\S4 ,IT PLAC$ A REW>D ( #a1 RUBLES ON ! V5TURESOME ORATOR'S HEAD1 & DEM&$ HIS EXPULSION FROM ,P>IS4 ,HIS EV]Y MOVE WAS WAT*$ BY ,RUSSIAN POLICE AG5TS4 ,! IDEA WAS TO KIDNAP HIM ONCE ! ,FR5* GOV]NM5T HAD SACRIFIC$ HIS POLITICAL IMMUNITY TO ! ,CZ>'S REQUE/4 

,GUIZOT HAS SOME REPUTATION 9 LIT]ATURE = RADICALISM4 ,AS A /ATESMAN1 HE WAS A REACTION>Y ( ! WOR/ DESCRIPTION & ALWAYS READY TO PLAY LACKEY TO ! ,CZ>4 ,A FEW YE>S BE=E HAD BE5 TOO POLITE TO REFUSE ! ,RUSSIAN GOV]NM5T'S REQUE/ = ,M>X'S EXPULSION4 ,! LATT] WAS ACTUALLY EXPELL$ FROM ,P>IS NOT EV5 TO PLEASE ! ,KAIS] BUT TO PLACATE ! ,CZ>4 ,BAKUN9 WAS EXPELL$1 & LIKE ,M>X1 W5T TO ,BRUSSELS4 ,HE HAD SC>CELY REA*$ H]E :5 ,P>IS ROSE 9 REVOLT & EXPELL$ ,GUIZOT & ,L\IS ,PHILLIPPE FROM ,FRANCE4 ,! NEW PROVISIONAL GOV]NM5T N[ 9VIT$ ! 0BRAVE & LOYAL ,M>X0 TO RETURN4 ,IT EXT5D$ A SIMIL> 9VITATION TO ,BAKUN9 & DESCRIB$ ,FRANCE AS BE+ 0! C\NTRY :5CE TYRANNY HAD BANI%$0 !M & :]E 0ALL FI<T+ 9 ! SACR$ CAUSE ( ! FRAT]NITY ( ! PEOPLES0 W]E WELCOME4 ,BAKUN9 RETURN$ TO ,P>IS & BECAME ACTIVE 9 ! NEW POLITICAL LIFE ( ?AT CITY4 

,M>X & ,BAKUN9 W]E AN ANNOYANCE TO ! ,LAM>T9E & ,M>A/ GOV]NM5T4 ,!Y TOOK ! REPUBLICAN IDEAL S]I\SLY & REALIZ$ ! MAT]IAL REVOLUTION MU/ PROCE$ ITS REALIZATION4 ,! GOV]NM5T DID NOT EXPEL ,BAKUN9 BUT HIS DEP>TURE WAS A RELIEF TO IT4 ,HE W5T TO ! ,SLAVO-,POLI% ,CONGRESS AT ,BRESLAU1 & AFT]W>DS ATT5D$ ! ,PRAGUE ,CONGRESS ( ,JUNE #a/1 #a#h#d#h4 ,H]E HIS FAM\S ,SLAVONIC PROGRAM WAS WRITT54 ,TO AVOID >RE/1 HE TRAVEL$ ON ! PASSPORT ( AN ,5GLI% M]*ANT1 & CUT (F HIS LONG HAIR & BE>D4 ,UP TILL ! TIME ?AT ,W9DISGRAETZ DISP]S$ ?IS CONGRESS ) ,AU/RIAN CANNON1 ,BAKUN9 WORK$ ) ! ,SLAVONIANS4 ,!SE EV5TS 9SPIR$ ,M>X'S FAM\S *APT]S ON 0,REVOLUTION & ,C\NT]-,REVOLUTION40 ,CR$IT = ?IS WORK IS N[ GIV5 TO ,5GELS4 ,IT IS ADMITT$1 H[EV]1 ?AT IF ,M>X DID NOT WRITE IT1 HE 9SPIR$ IT4 ,5GELS SEEMS TO HAVE BE51 ON OCCASION1 ! MO/ EFFICI5T SECRET>Y & IF NECESS>Y1 ! COMPLETE LIT]>Y <O/4 

,TREAT+ ( ?IS POLITICAL /ORM P]IOD1 ,M>X S+S ! PRAISES ( ! G5]\S BRAV]Y & ! NOBLE F>-SI<T$NESS ( ! SPONTANE\S REVOLT ( ! ,VI5NESE POPULACE 9 ! CAUSE ( ,HUNG>IAN FRE$OM4 ,HE CONTRA/S !IR ACTION AGA9/ ! 0CAUTI\S CIRCUMSPECTION0 ( ,HUNG>IAN /ATESMAN%IP4 ,HE DISMISSES ,P>LIAM5T>IANS AS POOR1 WEAK-M9D$ M5 SO LITTLE ACCU/OM$ TO ANY?+ LIKE SUCCESS DUR+ !IR G5]ALLY V]Y OBSCURE LIVES ?AT !Y ACTUALLY BELIEV$ !IR P>LIAM5T>Y AM5DM5TS MORE IMPORTANT ?AN EXT]NAL EV5TS4 ,M>X PROVES ?AT AT ?IS CRISIS ,P>LIAM5T DID NOT CONTROL ! >MY NOR EV5 ! EXECUTIVE AU?ORITY4 ,HE QUOTES ) APPROVAL ,RADETZKY'S SNE] AT ! IMBECILE RESPONSIBLE M9I/]S AT ,VI5NA1 ?AT !Y W]E NOT ,AU/RIA1 BUT ?AT HE & HIS >MY W]E4 ,M>X ADDS3 0,! >MY WAS A DECISIVE P[] 9 ! ,/ATE1 & ! >MY BELONG$1 NOT TO ! MIDDLE CLASSES1 BUT TO !MSELVES40 ,IT 0HAD ONLY TO BE KEPT 9 PRETTY CON/ANT CONFLICTS ) ! PEOPLE & ! DECISIVE MOM5T ONCE AT H&1 IT C\LD ) ONE GREAT BL[1 CRU% ! REVOLUTIONI/S1 & SET ASIDE ! PRESUMPTIONS ( ! MIDDLE CLASS P>LIAM5T>IANS40 

,AL?\< ,M>X FLIRT$ ) ! UNIV]SAL SUFFRAGE 9 ,BRITA91 HE NEI!R ANSW]$ NOR RECALL$ HIS TR5*ANT CONTRA/ ( ! SUP]IORITY ( A CONFID5T >MY TO A BABBL+ P>LIAM5T4 ,HIS WORDS S\ND ! CALL ( BATTLE & REVOLUTION>Y ANTI-P>LIAM5T>ISM4 ,HE ID5TIFIES HIS WORK ) ! IDEAL & 5DEAVOR ( ,BAKUN94 

O ,*APT] #h 3 ,\T ( ,*AOS 

,! YE> #ahdh WAS AN ]A 9 ! HI/ORY ( ,EUROPEAN ,SOCIALISM4 ,IT WILL PROBABLY PROVE TO BE A TURN+ PO9T 9 ! HI/ORY ( HUMAN PROGRESS4 ,NOT ONLY DID IT WITNESS ! SO-CALL$ ,FR5* ,REVOLUTION41 ) ITS M>VEL\S ,FEBRU>Y DAYS1 BUT IT F\ND ! :OLE ( ,EUROPE 9 A F]M5T4 ,RADICALISM N[ BECAME ,SOCIALISM4 ,! POLITICAL REVOLUTION N[ GAVE PLACE TO ! SOCIAL REVOLUTION4 ,AL?\< AGITATORS & ADVANC$ ?9K]S QUIBBL$ AS TO :E!R ! ,SOCIAL ,REVOLUTION WAS A POLITICAL REVOLUTION OR NOT1 & AL?\< !IR !ORIES ( ACTION PROV$ A *AOS ( BLUND]+1 !Y AGRE$ DEF9ITELY ON ! NECESSITY = A SOCIAL REVOLUTION AS DI/9CT FROM A M]E POLITICAL REVOLUTION4 ,SOCIALISM N[ TURN$ ITS BACK ON ITS ,UTOPIAN PIONE]S & ASPIR$ TO BE SCI5TIFIC4 ,IT REG>D$ ITSELF AS 9EVITABLE4 ,IT MADE ITS APPE>ANCE 9 ,RUSSIA4 ,TW5TY YE>S AFT] ,H]Z5 HAD BE5 9TRODUC$ BY ! SC>$ POLICE AU?ORITIES ( ,RUSSIA TO ,HEGEL AT ,MOSC[1 ! !ORIES ( ,/4 ,SIMON1 RELIEV$ ( !IR ,UTOPIAN TRIMM+ APPE>ANCE S BECAME ! GOSPEL ( ! ,RUSSIAN RADICALS4 ,9 ITS ORIG91 ,RUSSIAN ,SOCIALISM WAS CLOSELY CONNECT$ ) ! ,AN>*ISM ( ,PR\DHON4 ,IT WILL BE F\ND ?AT ! ,SLAV CONNECTION ( ! PROLET>IAN REVOLUTION NEV] LO/ COMPLETELY ,PR\DHON'S 9FLU5CE4 ,S9CE ! W>1 ! WORLD SOCIALI/ MOVEM5T HAS PLUNG$ 9TO *AOS4 ,M>XISM IS MAK+ ITS LA/ AU?ORIT>IAN /& ?R\< 

! M$IUM ( ! UTT]LY BANKRUPT ,/AL9I/ ,9T]NATIONAL4 ,TRUE 9 ITS WOND]FUL ANALYSIS ( HI/ORY1 ,M>XISM HAS FL\ND]$ T]RIBLY 9 ITS POLITICAL PLAY-ACT+4 ,ITS WORDS >E ! WORDS ( ! WORK+-CLASS /RUGGLE BUT ITS POLITICAL PRACTICE BELONGS TO ! BUREAUCRACY ( ! MIDDLE-CLASS4 ,\T ( ?IS *AOS1 ! WORK]S >E TURN+ TO ! POLICY \TL9$ BY ,PR\DHON4 ,WE >E RETURN+ TO ! ,RUSSIAN ,SOCIALISM ( #a#h#d#h4 

,! ,P>IS UPHEAVAL ( #ahdh WAS ! LA/ ATTEMPT ( ! ,FR5* WORK]S TO 5TRU/ COMPLETELY !IR CAUSE TO ! C>E ( MIDDLE-CLASS POLITICIANS4 ,S9CE !N ! WORK]S ( ! WORLD HAVE BE5 DECEIV$ COMPLETELY & REPEAT$LY BY POLITICIANS4 ,!SE WOR?IES HAVE USUALLY LIV$ & DI$ 9 COM=T4 ,!IR ORIG9S W]E PLEBEIAN 5\< & !Y 5T]$ POLITICS AS PROLET>IAN *AMPIONS4 ,! FUNCTION ( !IR C>E] HAS BE5 TO REPEAT ! LESSON ( #a#h#d#h2 ! WORK]S HAVE NO?+ 9 COMMON ) POLITICIANS4 ,9 A WORD1 POLITICAL RADICALISM CANNOT BE TRU/$ BY ! MASSES4 ,IS NOT ?AT ! LESSON ( ,MAC,DONALDS C>E]8 ,( ,SN[D5'S8 ,( ,EB]T'S8 ,( ,MILL]&'S8 ,& ,BRI&'S8 ,IT WAS ! />T+ PO9T ( ,RUSSIAN ,SOCIALISM4 ,! DIPLOMATIC RECORD ( ! PRES5T ,SOVIET BUREAUCRACY WILL E/ABLI% ITS TRU?4 ,PR\DHON'S AN>*Y WAS A CONSI/5T 9FLU5CE FROM HIS EXCELL5T OBJECT LESSON4 

,HE >GU$ ?AT ! #ahdh MOVEM5T FAIL$ BECAUSE IT WAS A POLITICAL REVOLUTION & NOT A SOCIAL ONE4 ,HE DID NOT BLAME ! MIDDLE CLASS POLITICIANS4 ,HE EXPLA9$ !M & SATIRIZ$ !M4 ,HE ASS]T$ ?AT EV]Y POLITICAL REVOLUTION MU/ 5D 9 DEBACLE BECAUSE IT *ANGES NO?+ EXCEPT ! HOLD] ( P[]2 & P[]1 :E!R EXORCIZ$ BY A DEMOCRAT OR A REPUBLICAN1 MU/ BE CONS]VATIVE & OPPRESSIVE4 ,P[] CANNOT *ALL5GE BUT MU/ ACCEPT ! PREVAIL+ ECONOMIC ORD]4 ,P[] IS NOT A RADICAL BUT A P&]]4 ,IT LACKS 9ITIATIVE1 ! ESS5TIAL FEATURE ( SOCIAL *ANGE4 ,! ECONOMIC ORD] C\LD BE ABOLI%$ ONLY :5 P[] WAS DE/ROY$ & ! ADJU/M5TS ( ECONOMIC 9T]E/S RELEGAT$ TO ! DIRECT MUTUAL CONS5T ( ! PRODUC]S !MSELVES 9DIVIDUALLY ASSEMBL$ 9 !IR V>I\S ,COMMUNES4 ,REVOLUTION W\LD ABOLI% ! EXI/+ ECONOMIC ORD] NATURALLY & SPONTANE\SLY4 ,SU* REVOLUTION DID NOT NE$ VIOL5CE = ITS A*IEVEM5T2 = IT W\LD BE BR\<T AB\T FIR/ 9 HUMAN M9DS4 ,SAID ,PR\DHON3 0,! MEANS ?AT W]E TAK5 FROM SOCIETY BY AN ECONOMIC >RANGEM5T WILL BE GIV5 BACK TO SOCIETY BY D9T ( ANO!R ECONOMIC >RANGEM5T40 

,!RE IS A ,UTOPIAN FLAVOR AB\T ?IS /ATEM5T YET IT HELP$ TO DIFF]5TIATE ! ECONOMIC 9T]E/S ( ! WORK+ CLASS FROM ! POLITICAL 9T]E/S ( ! MIDDLE CLASS4 ,IT DID DRAW A DEF9ITE L9E ( DEM>CATION BETWE5 ! POLITICAL /RUGGLE = P[] & ! SOCIAL OV]?R[ ( USURY4 ,H]Z5 & ,BAKUN9 EMBRAC$ ?IS DI/9CTION ) 5?USIASM4 ,9 CLOSE T\* ) ,PR\DHON !Y APPLAUD$ HIS CONCLUSIONS & 5L>G$ ITS APPLICATION4 ,= A TIME AFT] HIS ASSOCIATION ) ,BAKUN91 ,H]Z5 RETURN$ TO ! S]VICE ( ! ,RUSSIAN ,/ATE4 ,HIS WORK WAS PURELY TE*NICAL & HE SP5T HIS SP>E TIME 9 WRIT+ NOVELS1 ROMANCES1 & /UDIES ( MANN]S4 ,! MEANNESS ( HIS OCCUPATION1 BO? (FICIAL & SP>E TIME1 \TRAG$ HIS SELF-RESPECT4 ,HE EXPLOD$ & ONCE MORE TOOK UP ! /RUGGLE AGA9/ ,CZ>ISM4 ,AGA9 HIS P5 D5\NC$ DESPOTISM4 ,HE WROTE BOLDLY & BITT]LY & 5C\NT]$ P]SECUTION AS A MATT] ( C\RSE4 ,HE WAS COMPELL$ TO AB&ON HIS (FICE AS A B>RI/] & GO 9TO EXILE4 ,9 #a#h#d#h1 ,H]Z5 LEFT ,RUSSIA NEV] TO RETURN4 ,9 EXILE HE PROCLAIM$ HIS GOSPEL ( UNIV]SAL NEGATION4 ,HIS GOAL WAS ! SOCIAL REPUBLIC4 

,H]Z5 EXPLA9$ :Y HE W5T BEYOND ,PR\DHON3 

0,A ?9K+ ,RUSSIAN IS ! MO/ 9DEP5D5T BE+ 9 WORLD4 ,:AT1 9DE$ C\LD /OP HIM8 ,CONSID]ATION = ! PA/8 ,BUT :AT IS ! />T+ PO9T ( MOD]N ,RUSSIAN HI/ORY O!R ?AN ! 5TIRE NEGATION ( NATIONALISM & TRADITION8444,ON ! O!R H& ! PA/ ( ! WE/]N NATIONS MAY WELL S]VE US A LESSON -- BUT ?AT IS ALL2 WE DO NOT ?9K \RSELVES TO BE EXECUTIVES ( !IR HI/ORIC WILL4 ,WE %>E 9 Y\R HATR$1 BUT WE DO NOT UND]/& Y\R ATTA*M5TS TO ! LEGACIES ( Y\R ANCE/ORS4 ,Y\ >E CON/RA9$ BY SCRUPLES1 HELD BACK BY LAT]AL CONSID]ATIONS4 ,WE HAVE NONE444,WE >E 9DEP5D5T1 BECAUSE WE />T A NEW LIFE444 BECAUSE WE DO NOT POSSESS ANY?+ -- NO?+ TO BE LOVES4 ,ALL \R RECOLLECTIONS >E FULL ( RANCOR & BITT]NESS444,WE WE> TOO MANY FETT]S ALREADY TO BE WILL+ TO PUT ON NEW *A9S444 ,:AT MATT] = US1 DIS9H]IT$ JUNIORS ?AT >E1 Y\R 9H]IT$ DUTIES8 ,CAN WE1 9 CONSCI5CE1 BE SATISFI$ ) Y\R WORN-\T MORALITY1 :I* IS NON-,*RI/IAN & NON-HUMAN1 & IS EVOK$ ONLY 9 ! RHETORICAL EX]CISES & JUDICIAL S5T5CES8 ,:AT RESPECT CAN WE *]I% = Y\R ,ROMAN-,GO?IC LAW3 ?AT HUGE BUILD+1 LACK+ LI<T & FRE% AIR1 A BUILD+ REPAIR$ 9 ! ,MIDDLE ,AGES & PA9T$ OV] BY A MANUMITT$ B\RGEOISIE8444 ,DO NOT ACCUSE US ( IMMORALITY ON ! GR\ND ?AT WE DO NOT RESPECT :AT IS RESPECT$ BY Y\4 ,MAYBE WE ASK TOO MU* -- & WE %ALL NOT GET ANY?+444 ,MAYBE SO1 BUT /ILL WE DO NOT DESPAIR ( ATTA9+ :AT WE >E /RIV+ =40 

,?IS IS ! /ATEM5T ( ,NIHILISM4 ,IT IS ! ,RUSSIAN APPLICATION ( ,/4 ,SIMON & ,FEU]BA*4 ,! NEW ORD] IS TO BE BR\<T 9TO EXI/5CE BY BURY+ EXI/+ SOCIETY UND] ITS [N RU9S4 ,ONCE ABOLI%$1 ! OLD SOCIETY CAN NEV] RECON/ITUTE ITSELF4 ,ANO!R SOCIETY MU/ EM]GE 9EVITABLY1 BECAUSE MAN MU/ LIVE 9 SOCIETY :ATEV] /ATES & POLITICAL ORD]S HE DE/ROY$4 ,! NEW SOCIETY WILL BE A BETT] & TRU] SOCIETY )\T D\BT4 ,C]TA9LY1 IT W\LD BE NO LIK5ESS TO B\RGEOIS REPUBLICANISM1 NO MATT] :AT MEANS W]E EMPLOY$ TO SUB/ITUTE SU* A REPUBLIC ]A ( FEUDALISM4 ,H]Z5 C\LD NOT SEE BEYOND ! FIR/ PR9CIPLES ( ! NEW SOCIETY4 ,HE DID NOT KN[ :AT WAS TO DEVELOP UND] IT1 NOT YET :AT WAS TO FOLL[ IT4 ,HE KNEW IT C\LD NOT BE ! 5D4 ,! OLD SOCIETY WAS A REGIME ( DEA?4 ,! NEW MU/ BE ! BEG9N+ ( LIFE4 ,*ANGE MU/ FOLL[ EV5 ?AT *ANGE4 ,)\T P]SECUT+ ! FUTURE ) HIS D\BTS ,H]Z5 SALUT$ ! COM+ REVOLUTION ) ! WORDS3 0,DEA? TO ! OLD WORLD6 ,LONG LIVE *AOS & DE/RUCTION6 ,LONG LIVE DEA?6 ,PLACE = ! FUTURE6 ,\T ( ! *AOS1 ,SOCIALISM WAS TO BE BORN4 

,H]Z5'S ,SOCIALISM EMBODI$ ! CURR5T ,EUROPEAN DOCTR9ES ( HIS TIME4 ,HE GRAFT$ !SE ON TO HIS E>LY ,MOSC[ /UDIES4 ,! RESULT WAS ?AT HE CONFUS$ NATIONALI/ IDEALS ) RADICAL UNIV]SAL ONES4 ,D[N TO ! /ORM P]IOD ( #a#h#d#h1 !SE TWO ,RUSSIAN MOVEM5TS W]E 9SPIR$ ) ! SAME IDEA3 ! GLORI\S DE/9Y ( ! PEOPLE4 ,!Y SEP>AT$ & BECAME IRRECONCILABLY OPPOS$ BECAUSE ! ONE MOVEM5T CONCEIV$ ( ! GREATNESS ( ,RUSSIA & ! O!R DESIR$ ! GREATNESS ( ! PEOPLE !MSELVES )9 & )\T ,RUSSIA4 ,?IS CONFLICT F9DS AN E*O 9 ! /RUGGLE ?AT EXI/S TO-DAY BETWE5 ,TROTSKYISM & ,/AL9ISM4 ,! P]MAN5T REVOLUTION IS ,EUROPEAN & COSMIC4 ,SOCIALISM 9 ONE C\NTRY IS NATIONALI/IC & REACTION>Y4 ,H]Z5 /ATES ! DIFF]5CE V]Y WELL 9 HIS 0,MEMOIRS40 

0,WE & ! ,SLAVOPHILS REPRES5T$ A K9D ( TWO FAC$ ,JANUS2 ONLY !Y LOOK$ BACKW>D & WE LOOK =W>D4 ,AT HE>T WE W]E ONE2 & \R HE>T ?ROBB$ EQUALLY = \R M9OR BRO!R1 ! PEASANT -- ) :OM \R MO!R-C\NTRY WAS PREGNANT4 ,BUT :AT = !M WAS ! RECOLLECTION ( ! PA/ WAS TAK5 BY US AS ! PROPHECY ( ! FUTURE40 

,H]Z5 IS H]E EXPLA9+ ?AT HE & HIS ,SLAVOPHILES W]E AGRE$ ?AT ! F\NDATIONS ( ! ,RUSSIAN PEOPLES' EMANCIPATION WAS ! ,MIR OR RURAL ,COMMUNE4 ,! ,SLAVOPHILES CONSID]$ ! ,COMMUNE ! HI/ORIC NATIONAL EXPRESSION ( ,*RI/IAN LIV+ -- ! ECONOMIC ORGANIZATION ( LOVE & HUMILITY4 ,H]Z5 HAD NOT TIME = ,*RI/IANITY & !OLOGY4 ,HE WANT$ MAN1 NOT GOD4 ,TO HIM1 ! ,RUSSIAN ,COMMUNE WAS PROPHETIC4 ,IT SYMBOLIZ$ 9 G]M ! SOCIALI/ SOCIETY ( ! FUTURE4 ,HIS ,SLAVOPHILE PREJUDICES HAVE BE5 JU/IFI$ 9 TWO DIRECTIONS4 ,! 9DU/RIAL EXPRESSION ( ! ,MIR IS ! ,SOVIET OR ,C\NCIL4 ,)\T QUE/ION1 ! ,C\NCIL IS ! UNIT ( ORGANIZATION & ( FRAN*ISE 9 9DU/RIAL SOCIETY AS OPPOS$ TO ! T]RITORIAL CON/ITU5CY ( USELESS POLITICAL OR CONSUM+ SOCIETY4 ,CONSUMPTION HAS NO RI<T TO BE 5FRAN*IS$4 ,PRODUCTION MU/ BE 5FRAN*IS$ IF SOCIETY IS NOT TO DEG5]ATE 9TO *AOS4 ,BELIEV+ ?IS1 ,H]Z5 MA9TA9$ ?AT ,EUROPEAN CIVILIZATION MU/ DIE A NATURAL DEA? ( EXHAU/ION4 ,?IS WORLD REVOLUTION W\LD BEG9 9 ,MOSC[ & NOT 9 ,P>IS OR ,B]L9 OR EV5 ,LONDON4 ,H]Z5 LOV$ TO COMP>E ! >ROGANT CIVILIZATION ( ! ET]NAL CITY & ! TRIUMPH ( ,*RI/IANITY ) ! >ROGANT CIVILIZATION ( ,WE/]N ,EUROPE & ! DAWN ( ,SOCIALISM4 ,HE SAW ,RUSSIA PLAY+ ! P>T ( ,SAVIOR4 ,HE WANT$ A ,NEW ,RUSSIA EV5 AS WE WANT A ,NEW ,BRITA94 

,H]Z5 DEVELOP$ HIS !ORIES 9 A S]IES ( >TICLES WRITT5 DUR+ ! FIR/ TWO YE>S AFT] HE LEFT ,RUSSIA4 ,HE HAD APPROA*$ !M AT ! BEG9N+ ( HIS EXILE 9 HIS FAM\S WORK1 PUBLI%$ 9 ,ROME1 0,BE=E ! ,/ORM40 ,! /ORM ( #ahdh LEFT P[] 9 ! H&S ( ! HEAT$ B\RGOISIE :OSE POLITICIANS ,H]Z5 CALL 0! PRIZE BEA/S40 ,HE DEVELOPS HIS !ORY ) GREAT] =CE 9 0,AFT] ! ,/ORM40 

0,WE >E NOT CALL$ UPON TO GA!R ! FRUITS ( ! PA/1 BUT TO BE ITS TORTUR]S & P]SECUTORS4 ,WE MU/ ,JUDGE IT1 & LE>N TO RECOGNIZE IT UND] EV]Y DISGUISE1 & IMMOLATE IT = ! SAKE ( ! FUTURE40 

,H]Z5 ?US *ALL5G$ ! !ORY N[ KN[N AS ! 9EVITABILITY ( GRADUALISM4 ,HE D5I$ ! CON/ITUTIONAL SOCIAL DEMOCRATIC IDEA ?AT ! PROLET>IAT %\LD CONQU] POLITICAL P[] UND] ,CAPITALISM4 ,RADICALLY AT ONE ) ,M>X 9 HIS ANALYSIS ( CAPITALISM & HIS !ORY ( ! CLASS /RUGGLE4 ,HE WAS OPPOS$ TO BO? ,M>X & ,5GELS :]EV] !Y DILUT$ ! REVOLUTION>Y !ORY ) A SUGGE/ION ( P>LIAM5T>Y PROGRAMS4 ,H]Z5 D5I$ ?AT ! POSSIBLE TRIUMPH ( SOCIAL DEMOCRATIC POLITICIANS WAS A TRIUMPH ( SOCIALISM4 ,HE D5I$ ?AT ,JESUS HAD CONQU]$ ,CES> :5 ,CON/ANT9E E/ABLI%$ ! ,*UR* ( ! ,CAPITOL4 ,HE SAW ?R\<\T ! AGES ! ORIG9AL PLAN ( TYRANNY BE+ DEVELOP$ & IMPROV$ 9 DETAIL1 RE-NAM$1 & RE-DECORAT$ FROM TIME TO TIME1 BUT NEV] AB&ON$ NOR DE/ROY$ SO LONG AS LEAD]S PURSU$ P]SONAL P[] & ! MASSES REMA9$ 9 SUBJECTION4 ,! ,RE=MATION1 HEAD$ BY ,LU!R1 DID NOT EMANCIPATE ! PEOPLE4 ,IT AV]T$ REVOLUTION & SAV$ CL]ICALISM4 ,DID NOT ,LU!R COMPROMISE HIS OPPOSITION TO ! SUP]/ITION ( ! PHYSICAL REAL PRES5CE 9 DISGU/ AT ! PEASANTS' REBELLION & TO EXPRESS HIS OPPOSITION TO ! COMMUNISM ( ! ,ANABAPTI/S8 ,! ,FR5* ,REVOLUTION1 ,H]Z5 >GU$1 F9ALLY DID NOT DE/ROY AU?ORITY4 ,IT CONS]V$ AU?ORITY1 BUT ! COM+ SOCIAL REVOLUTION W\LD UPROOT & DE/ROY4 ,IT W\LD PUT AN 5D TO ! AGES ( CANT4 ,IT W\LD NOT WID5 ! P[] ( ,/ATES BUT DE/ROY !IR 5TIRE POLITICAL /RUCTURE4 

,AS ONE FOLL[S ,H]Z5 9 ! DEVELOPM5T ( ?IS !ORY1 ONE MAY NOT 5DORSE ALL ! DETAILS ( HIS APPROA*4 ,! PRES5T WRIT]1 = EXAMPLE1 CONSID]S ?AT ! ,FR5* ,REVOLUTION DID NOT DE/ROY AU?ORITY1 BUT ?AT IT WAS >RE/$ 9 ITS EXPRESSION4 ,!RE CAN BE NO D\BT1 H[EV]1 ?AT1 FUNDAM5TALLY1 ! MESSAGE ( ,H]Z5 IS ! MESSAGE ( WORK+-CLASS EMANCIPATION4 ,IT DEF9ES ! *AOS & PO9TS ! WAY \T4 ,IT IS A REVOLUTION>Y NEGATION ( P>LIAM5T>ISM4 ,W\LD ?AT ! WORK]S ( ,EUROPE HAD HE>K5$ TO IT4 ,IT SPELLS ! E/ABLI%M5T ( ,SOVIET RESPONSIBILITY4 ,9 ! LA/ ANALYSIS1 ?AT IS ! SOCIAL REVOLUTION & ! SOLE F\NDATION ( PROLET>IAN FRE$OM4 

O ,*APT] #i 3 ,9 ,EXILE & ,ACTION 

,BAKUN9 WAS COMPELL$ TO QUIT ,PRAGUE4 ,HE FL$ TO ,G]MANY & WAS RECEIV$ ) OP5 >MS BY ! ,RADICAL ELEM5T4 ,EV]Y:]E PURSU$ & EXPELL$ :5EV] ! POLICE DISCOV]$ HIS PLACE ( CONCEALM5T1 HE W&]$ FROM T[N TO T[N TILL ! 5D ( ,APRIL1 #a#h#d#i4 ,9 ?IS FA%ION HE LIV$ FIR/ AT ,B]L91 !N AT ,DESSAU1 ,CO!N1 & V>I\S T[NS 9 ,SAXONY4 ,AT LA/1 UND] AN ASSUM$ NAME1 HE F\ND EMPLOYM5T AT ! UNIV]SITY ( ,LEIPSIG4 ,HE ORGANIZ$ A REVOLUTION>Y CIRCLE ( ,BOHEMIAN /UD5TS1 & =M$ A REVOLUTION>Y ALLIANCE ( ,SLAVONIAN DEMOCRATS1 ,HUNG>IAN REBELS & ,G]MAN REVOLUTIONI/S4 

,WILHELM ,RI*>D ,WAGN]1 ! GREAT COMPOS]1 LIV$ 9 ,P>IS FROM #ahci TO #a#h#d#b4 ,HE RETURN$ TO ,DRESD5 ?AT YE>4 ,9 ,P>IS1 HE MADE ! ACQUA9TANCE ( ,BAKUN94 ,! FRI5D%IP WAS R5EW$ :5 ,BAKUN9 CAME TO ,SAXONY4 ,:5 ,BAKUN9 TOOK COMM& AT ! DEF5SE ( ,DRESD51 ,WAGN] WAS HIS CLOSE ASSOCIATE4 ,:5 ,BAKUN9 WAS >RE/$ 9 #ahdi ! GREAT COMPOS] FL$ FROM ,G]MANY4 ,HE REMA9$ 9 EXILE 9 ,ZURI*1 9 ,SWITZ]L&1 TILL #a#h#f#b4 ,?AT WAS ! V]Y YE> ?AT ,BAKUN9 RETURN$ TO HIS LIFE & PROPAG&A AFT] WE>Y YE>S ( IMPRISONM5T & EXILE UND] ! ,CZ>4 ,WAGN] HAS GIV5 US A PICTURE ( ,BAKUN9 9 EXILE & ACTION DUR+ ! ,SAXONY P]IOD4 ,HE WRITES3 -- 

0,) ,BAKUN9 EV]Y?+ WAS COLOSSAL1 & ( A PRIMITIVE NEGATIVE P[]4 ,HE LIK$ TO DISCUSS2 & LY+ ON ! NOT TOO COM=TABLE S(A ( HIS FRI5D1 ,ROCKEL1 9 :OSE H\SE HE WAS HID+1 HE WAS PLEAS$ ALWAYS TO TALK ) O!RS OV] V>I\S REVOLUTION>Y PROBLEMS4 ,9 ?OSE DISCUSSIONS1 ,BAKUN9 WAS USUALLY ! VICTOR4 ,IT WAS IMPOSSIBLE TO REFUTE HIS LOGICAL >GUM5TS & RADICAL CONCLUSIONS4 ,FROM EV]Y WORD HE UTT]$ ONE C\LD FEEL ! DEP? ( HIS 9N]MO/ CONVICTIONS444 

0,HIS MANY />TL+ REM>KS NATURALLY MADE AN EXTRAORD9>Y IMPRESSION ON ME4 ,ON ! O!R H&1 ,I SAW ?AT ?IS ALL-DE/ROY] WAS ! LOVE-WOR?IE/1 T5D]-HE>T$ MAN ONE C\LD POSSIBLY IMAG9E4 ,NOTIC+ ONCE ?AT MY EYES C\LD NOT 5DUE ! BRI<T LI<T ( ! LAMP1 HE %AD$ = ME ) HIS BROAD H& = AB\T AN H\R1 AL?\< ,I BEGG$ HIM NOT TO TR\BLE4 ,ALL ! :ILE1 HE CALMLY DEVELOP$ HIS MO/ DANG]\S !ORIES4 

0,HE KNEW MY MO/ SECRET TR\BLES1 AB\T ! EV] PRES5T DANG] TO MY IDEAL DESIRES = >T4 ,NO?+ WAS 9COMPREH5SIBLE TO HIM2 YET HE DID NOT WI% ME TO AFFRONT HIM ) MY >T PROJECTS4 ,I WANT$ TO EXPLA9 TO HIM1 MY NIBELUNG WORK1 BUT HE REFUS$ TO LI/5444 ,AS REG>DS ! MUSIC1 HE ALWAYS ADVIS$ ME TO REPEAT ! SAME TEXT 9 V>I\S MELODIES3 ,/RUGGLE & ,DE/RUCTION4 ,! T5OR WAS TO URGE ! NE$ FROM /RIFE TO *AOS4 ,! SOPRANO WAS TO DO SO1 & ! B>ITONE ALSO4 

0,I REMEMB]1 EV5 YET1 ) PLEASURE1 ?AT ,I ONCE P]SUAD$ HIM TO LI/5 TO ! FIR/ ACT ( MY ',FLY+ ,DUT*MAN4' ,HE LI/5$ MO/ ATT5TIVELY TO ! MUSIC & :5 ,I /OPP$ = A MOM5T1 EXCLAIM$ '?AT IS WOND]FULLY BEAUTIFUL4' ,HE LOV$ MUSIC & WANT$ TO HE> MORE & MORE4 

0,BEE?OV5'S ',N9? ,SYMPHONY1' WAS PLAY$ AT A G5]AL REPETITION BE=E A CONC]T ( ! ,SAXON ,C\RT-,OR*E/RA4 ,:5 ! MUSIC WAS F9I%$1 ,BAKUN9 CAME RUNN+ OV] & DECL>$3 ',IF MUSIC %\LD P]I% 9 ! COM+ WORLD UPHEAVAL1 WE MU/ RISK \R LIVES TO SAVE ! ',N9? ,SYMPHONY4' 

0,MORE ?AN ONCE ,BAKUN9 REMA9$ ) US TO SUPP]4 ,ON ONE ( !SE OCCASIONS HE EXCLAIM$ TO MY WIFE3 ',A REAL MAN MU/ NOT ?9K BEYOND ! SATISFACTION ( HIS FIR/ NE$S4 ,! ONLY TRUE WOR?Y PASSION = MAN IS LOVE4' 

0,BAKUN9 LONG$ AFT] ! HI<E/ IDEALS ( HUMANITY4 ,HIS NATURE REFLECT$ A /RANG5ESS TO ALL ! CONV5TIONALITIES ( CIVILIZATION4 ,?AT IS :Y ! IMPRESSION ( MY ASSOCIATION ) HIM IS SO MIX$4 ,I WAS REPELL$ BY AN 9/9CTIVE FE> ( HIM2 YET HE DREW ME LIKE A MAGNET40 

,WAGN] TELLS MANY /ORIES ( ,BAKUN9'S ACTIVITIES 9 EXILE4 ,9 HIS HID+ CORN]1 HE RECEIV$ M5 FROM ALL SECTIONS ( ! REVOLUTION>Y MOVEM5T4 ,! ,SLAVONIAN REVOLUTIONI/S W]E HIS FAVORITES4 ,= ! ,FR5*1 AS 9DIVIDUALS1 HE HAD NO P>TICUL> SYMPA?Y 9 SPITE ( HIS EULOGY ( ! ,FR5* SPIRIT & HIS 5DORSEM5T ( ,PR\DHON'S SOCIALISM4 ,( ! ,G]MANS HE NEV] SPOKE4 ,HE DESPIS$ !M BEYOND WORDS4 ,HE WAS NOT 9T]E/$ 9 DEMOCRACY OR ! REPUBLIC BECAUSE HE DEEM$ !M ! POLITICAL %AD[S ( CLASS-SOCIETY4 ,HE WANT$ ECONOMIC DEMOCRACY2 A PRODUC]S' & NOT A JO9T /OCK REPUBLIC4 ,HE HAT$ EV]Y S*EME = ! RECON/RUCTION ( ! SOCIAL ORD] BECAUSE IT MEANT ! PROLONG+ ( SLAV]Y4 ,HE SAW ?AT1 ONE DAY1 ! V]Y PRET5SE ( RE=MISM W\LD HAVE TO BREAK D[N4 ,HIS SOLE AIM WAS ! COMPLETE OV]?R[ ( ! EXI/+ REGIME1 & ! EVOLUTION WAS A COMPLETELY NEW SOCIAL ORD]4 

,ONCE A ,POLE1 :O WAS AFRAID ( SU* IDEAS1 REM>K$ ?AT SOME ,/ATE ORGANIZATION WAS NECESS>Y1 9 ORD] ?AT ! 9DIVIDUAL MI<T BE ASSUR$ ( ! FULL RESULTS ( HIS LABOR4 ,BAKUN9 REPLI$3 0,Y\ MEAN ?AT Y\ W\LD F5CE 9 Y\R PIECE ( L& TO AF=D A LIV+ = ! POLICE4 ,IS ?AT GETT+ ! FULL RESULTS ( \R LABORS8 ,ORGANIZATIONS = ! NEW SOCIAL ORD] WILL RISE 9 ANY CASE4 ,\R TASK IS TO DE/ROY P>ASITISM40 

,?IS WAS ,BAKUN9'S ACTUAL ATTITUDE T[>DS LIFE4 ,IT SUMM>IZES ALL HIS ?\<T & WORK4 ,HE HAT$ ! PETTY B\RGEOISIE1 ! M5 & WOM5 ( ! SUBURBS1 ) !IR BACK-G>D5S & TRA9 TIME TABLES4 ,) !M1 EV]Y?+ WAS A N>R[ MEAN R\T9E4 ,BAKUN9 KNEW ?AT !SE SMALL PEOPLE W]E ! GREAT DRAWBACK TO ! REVOLUTION>Y *ANGE4 ,HE HAT$ !IR SMUG POLIT5ESS & CALL$ !M ,PHILI/9ES4 ,HE F\ND !IR TRUE EMBODIM5T 9 ! ,PROTE/ANT CL]GYM5 & DECL>$ ?AT IT WAS IMPOSSIBLE TO MAKE A MAN ( ?IS CONTEMPTIBLE CREATURE4 ,HE WROTE3 0,( ! TYRANTS WE NE$ HAVE NO FE>2 ! REAL M5ACE CONSI/S ( ! ,PHILI/9ES4 ,K+S W\LD (T5 ABDICATE BUT = ! LACKEYS :O PREY ?R\< !M40 

,BAKUN9 ACQUIR$ A GLORY AT ! ,DRESD5 UPRIS+ :I* HIS 5EMIES HAVE NOT D5I$4 ,FROM ! #f? TO ! #i? ,MAY HE WAS ! V]Y LIFE & S\L ( ITS DEF5SE AGA9/ ! ,PRUSSIAN HE HAD F\ND FEW !RE :OM HE C\LD C\NT ON 9 A REBEL EM]G5CY4 ,AT FIR/ HE WAS AN 9DIFF]5T SPECTATOR ( ! ,DRESD5 UPRIS+4 ,ON ! ?IRD DAY HE WAS FI<T+ ON ! B>RICADES4 ,! ,PROVISIONAL ,GOV]NM5T CONSI/$ ( ?REE MEMB]S4 ,TWO ( !SE LO/ !IR HEADS COMPLETELY :5 !Y LE>N$ ?AT ! ,PRUSSIAN TROOPS W]E ADVANC+4 ,! ?IRD MEMB] WAS ! C\RAGE\S & 5]GETIC ,HYBN]4 ,HE APPE>$ 9 ! MO/ DANG]\S PLACES TO 5C\RAGE ! FI<T]S4 ,! ,DRESD5 MOVEM5T HAD MADE A COMIC IMPRESSION ON ,BAKUN9 BY ITS FOLLY4 ,BUT ! NOBLE 5DURANCE & EXAMPLE ( ,HYBN] RESOLV$ HIM TO FI<T BY ! LATT]'S SIDE4 ,BAKUN9 !REUPON TOOK COMM& ( ! PR9CIPAL B>RICADE & REPULS$ ONE ( ! WOR/ ATTACKS4 ,! ,PRUSSIANS W]E =C$ TO RETREAT4 ,BAKUN9 BECAME ! H]O ( ! UPRIS+4 ,HE WAS ACTIVE DAY & NI<T1 & H>DLY EV] CLOS$ HIS EYES4 ,HE %[$ LESS FATIGUE ?AN ANY ( ! O!R DEF5D]S4 ,= /RATEGICAL PURPOSES HE ORD]$ ! 0LOVELY TRESS0 ALONG ! PROM5ADE TO BE CUT D[N4 ,! GOOD CITIZ5S ( ,DRESD5 PROTE/$4 ,BAKUN9 REM>K$3 0,! TE>S ( ! ,PHILI/9ES MAKE NO W9E = ! GODS40 ,:5 ,BAKUN9 SAW ?AT IT WAS IMPOSSIBLE TO DEF5D ,DRESD5 ANY LONG]1 HE SUGGE/$ ?AT ! REVOLUTION>IES %\LD RETREAT TO ! HILLS1 & C>RY ! BATTLE OV] TO ! PROV9CES4 ,! UPRIS+ W\LD ASSUME !N ! *>ACT] ( A REAL NATIONAL MOVEM5T4 

,?R\< ! NEGOTIATION ( ! ,*EMNITZ T[N GU>D1 ! ,PROVISIONAL ,GOV]NM5T SETTL$ !RE4 ,ON ! WAY TO ,*EMNITZ1 !Y /OPP$ = A :ILE 9 ,FREIBURG1 ,HYBN]'S HOME4 ,HYBN]1 :O V]Y MU* ADMIR$ ,BAKUN9'S C\RAGE1 AT ! SAME TIME 5T]TA9$ A C]TA9 FE> ( HIS IDEAS4 ,HE ASK$ ,BAKUN9 IF IT W\LD NOT BE MORE PRACTICAL TO DISSOLVE ! SMALL REVOLUTION>Y >MY1 9/EAD ( CONT9U+ ! BATTLE1 :I* HAD NO MORE PROSPECTS ( VICTORY4 ,BAKUN9 WAS AGA9/ IT4 0,IF ! PEOPLE HAVE BE5 BR\<T SO F>10 HE SAID1 0?AT !Y REVOLT1 WE MU/ GO ) !M TO ! 5D4 ,IF WE MEET ) DEA?1 HONOR AT LEA/ IS SAV$4 ,IF ?IS IS NOT ! CASE1 !N NO P]SON WILL1 9 FUTURE1 HAVE ANY FAI? 9 SU* UND]TAK+S40 ,! CONV]SATION 5D$ ) ,BAKU9'S SUGGE/ION BE+ ACCEPT$4 

,9 ,*EMNITZ1 SOME?+ HAPP5$ ?AT NOBODY EXPECT$4 ,HYBN]1 ,BAKUN91 & ,M>T9 /OPP$ 9 A HOTEL4 ,AS !Y W]E DEAD-TIR$1 !Y SOON W5T TO SLEEP4 ,?R\< ! NI<T1 ! W]E >RE/$ 9 ! NAME ( ! ,SAXONY ,GOV]NM5T4 ,! :OLE 9VITATION TO COME ,*EMNITZ WAS ONLY A DISGRACEFUL DECEPTION4 ,FROM ! DATE ( ?IS SEIZURE1 ,MAY #a?1 #a#h#d#i1 ,BAKUN9'S LONG M>TYRDOM COMM5C$4 

,BAKUN9'S PR\D & C\RAGE\S DEMEANOR DID NOT DES]T HIM1 AL?\< HE MU/ HAVE KN[N ?AT HE WAS FAC+ EI!R DEA? OR ELSE A LONG & T]RIBLE IMPRISONM5T4 ,TW5TY-SEV5 YE>S AFT]W>DS1 ONE ( ! ,PRUSSIAN (FIC]S :O HAD GU>D$ ! PRISON] ON ! WAY ?R\< ,ALT5BURG1 /ILL REMEMB]$ ! CALMNESS & 9TREPIDITY ) :I* ! TALL MAN 9 FETT]S REPLI$ TO A LIEUT5ANT :O 9T]POLAT$ HIM1 0?AT 9 POLITICS ! ISSUE ALONE CAN DECIDE :I* IS A GREAT ACTION & :AT IS A CRIME40 

O ,*APT] #a 3 ,IMPRISONM5T1 ,CONFESSION1 ,& ,ESCAPE6 

,FROM ,AUGU/1 #a#h#d#i1 TO ,MAY1 #a#h#e1 ,BAKUN9 WAS KEPT A PRISON] 9 ! =TRESS ( ,KONI/E94 ,HE WAS !N TRI$ & S5T5C$ TO DEA? BY ! ,SAXON TRIBUNAL4 ,9 PURSUANCE ( A RESOLUTION PASS$ BY ! OLD ,DIET ( ! ,BUND 9 #a#h#c#f1 HE WAS DELIV]$ UP TO ! ,AU/RIAN ,GOV]NM5T & S5T 7*A9$7 TO ,PRAGUE 9/EAD ( BE+ EXECUT$4 

,! ,AU/RIAN ,GOV]NM5T ATTEMPT$ 9 VA9 TO EXTORT FROM HIM ! SECRETS ( ! ,SLAVONIAN MOVEM5T4 ,A YE> LAT]1 IT S5T5C$ HIM TO DEA?1 BUT IMM$IATELY COMMUT$ ! DEA? S5T5CE TO ONE ( P]PETUAL IMPRISONM5T4 ,9 ! 9T]VAL HE HAD BE5 REMOV$ FROM ! =TRESS AT ,GRATZ TO ?AT ( ,ALMUTZ1 AS ! GOV]NM5T WAS T]RIFI$ BY ! REPORT ( A DESIGN TO LIB]ATE HIM4 ,H]E HE PASS$ SIX MON?S *A9$ TO ! WALL4 ,AFT] ?IS1 ! ,AU/RIAN GOV]NM5T SURR5D]$ HIM TO ! ,RUSSIAN4 ,! ,AU/RIAN *A9S W]E REPLAC$ BY NATIVE IRONS ( TWICE ! WEI<T4 ,?IS WAS 9 ! AUTUMN ( #a#h#e#a1 :5 ,BAKUN9 WAS TAK5 ?R\< ,W>SAW & ,VILNA TO ,/4 ,PET]SBURG1 TO PASS ?REE WE> YE>S 9 ! =TRESS ( ,ALEXIS4 ,AT ,VILNA1 9 SPITE ( ! ?REATS ( ! ,RUSSIAN ,GOV]NM5T1 ! ,POLES GA!R$ 9 ! /REETS TO PAY ! LA/ TRIBUTE ( SIL5T RESPECT TO ! H]OIC ,RUSSIAN ORATOR ( F\R YE>S BE=E4 ,AS ,BAKUN9 DROVE PA/ !M 9 ! SL$GE1 !Y B[$ !IR HEADS ) AN AFFECTION NEV] ASSUM$ 9 ! PRES5CE ( ,EMP]ORS4 ,BAKUN9 MA9TA9$ HIS =TITUDE DUR+ YE>S ( CONF9EM5T 9 ,RUSSIAN DUNGEONS1 UNTIL ! TORTURE ( HIS IMPRISONM5T PRODUC$ ! TRAG$Y ( HIS CONFESSIONS1 & %[$ ?AT HE WAS NOT UNWOR?Y ( !IR DEVOTION4 

,9 ,RUSSIA HE WAS NEV] TRI$2 ! ,CZ> ,NI*OLAS ,I4 CONSID]$ HIM HIS PROP]TY1 LIKE ALL HIS O!R SUBJECTS1 & SIMPLY S5T HIM TO ! =TRESS ( ,PET] & ,PAUL1 AT ,PETROGRAD1 TO MOLD] !RE TO ! 5D ( HIS LIFE4 ,!RE W]E NO *>GES1 NO FELL[ CONSPIRATORS2 HE WAS A PASSIVE OBJECT 9 ! H&S ( ! ,CZ>4 ,! ,CZ>1 NO D\BT1 FELT PR\D TO HAVE ?IS REBEL AT HIS M]CY2 HE FELT CURI\S ALSO AB\T ! SECRETS ( ! ,EUROPEAN REVOLUTION1 :I* ,BAKUN91 IF ANYBODY1 WAS BELIEV$ TO POSSESS2 &1 ) ! CONTEMPT ( M5 ?AT AN AUTOCRAT1 BE=E :OM ALL CR+E1 MU/ FEEL1 HE MAY HAVE EXPECT$ TO TAME ,BAKUN91 TO W9 HIM OV]1 P]HAPS TO MAKE HIM ONE ( HIS TOOLS4 

,SO HIS H5*MAN1 ,C\NT ,ORL(F1 WAS S5T TO TELL ,BAKUN9 ?AT ! ,CZ> WI%$ TO RECEIVE A /ATEM5T ON HIS REVOLUTION>Y DO+S1 & ?AT HE MI<T TALK TO ! ,CZ> ) ! SAME CONFID5CE :I* A P5IT5T W\LD EX]CISE T[>DS ! PRIE/ 9 ! CONFESSIONAL4 

,BAKUN9 DEM&$ A MON?'S TIME = REFLECTION1 & !N WROTE A /ATEM5T :I* WAS GIV5 TO ! ,CZ> 9 ! SUMM] ( #a#h#e#a4 ,HE ADDRESS$ HIMSELF 9 T]MS ( CRU%+ HUMILITY4 ,! REIGN ( ,NI*OLAS HAS BE5 DESCRIB$ AS A BLANK %EET 9 ! HI/ORY ( ,RUSSIAN PROGRESS4 ,HE MADE NO PRET5SE AT RE=MS & GLORIFI$ 9 REACTION4 ,! LA/ T5 YE>S ( HIS REIGN SAW ! R$UCTION ( EV5 ORD9>Y NEWSPAP]S TO A LEVEL ( ALMO/ Z]O4 ,ONLY SIX NEWSPAP]S & N9ETE5 MON?LIES W]E P]MITT$ TO BE PUBLI%$ ?R\<\T ! :OLE ( ,RUSSIA4 ,IT WAS A P]IOD ( ABSOLUTE /]ILITY4 

,! RECEPTION ( ,BAKUN9'S PETITION BY ! ,CZ> SYMBOLIZ$ ! ATTITUDE ( P[] T[>DS G5IUS4 ,HE HAD A GOD 9 *A9S & ! C[>DLY SUPPRESSION ( TITANIC 5]GY M]ELY S]V$ TO TICKLE ! VANITY ( ?IS ,LILLIPUTIAN BRAGG>T 9 UNI=M4 ,HE *UCKL$ AT ! IDEA ( =GIV+ & RELEAS+ ,BAKUN91 & !N 9T5SIFI$ ! P]SECUTION4 ,:5 ,NI*OLAS ,I,I4 WAS EXECUT$ OR ASSASS9AT$ BY ! ,BOL%EVIKS1 IT MAY HAVE BE5 AN UNNECESS>Y & UNJU/IFIABLE MURD] 9 ! VIOL5CE ( REACTION & /RUGGLE AGA9/ ! CRIMES ,CZ>ISM2 BUT :5 ! ,ROMAN(F1 ,NI*OLAS ,I41 WAS S[+ HE MI<T HAVE REMEMB]$ ?AT SOME DAY ANO!R ,ROMAN(F1 EV5 A ,NI*OLAS1 SO AS TO PO9T ! MORAL1 MI<T REAP4 ,?OSE CALL$ TO AU?ORITY %\LD ALWAYS REMEMB] ?AT ONE S[S A /ORM ONLY TO REAP A :IRLW9D4 

,TRU? IS MORE SACR$ ?AN ALL ! GODS4 ,ITS UTILITY IS GREAT] ?AN ! /RIFE ( H]OES4 ,KN[+ ?IS TO BE A FACT IT IS ! AU?OR'S DUTY1 9 ?IS *APT]1 TO PUT BE=E HIS READ]S ! SADDE/ & MO/ REGRETTABLE DISCOV]IES ( ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION4 ,!SE >E ! DOCUM5TS CONTA9+ ,BAKUN9'S 0AV[AL ( S9S10 F\ND 9 ! >*IVES ( ! ,CZ>'S SECRET POLICE4 ,F\R ,CZ>S1 REJECT$ ! 0SECRET ( ! CONFESSIONAL0 & DID NOT USE ! DOCUM5T AGA9/ ! LIV+ ,BAKUN91 !IR OP5 5EMY1 NOR AGA9/ HIS MEMORY4 ,IT WAS LEFT TO ! ,SOVIET REGIME TO USE !M AGA9/ HIS MEMORY4 ,ONE SUSPECTS ?AT IT WAS MORE FROM A DESIRE TO DAMN HIS FAME ?AN FROM ZEAL = TRU?4 ,IT MU/ BE REMEMB]$ ?AT ! ,SOVIET PRESS1 UND] ! DOM9ATION ( ,/AL9ISM1 SL&]$ ,TROTSKY & RECALL$1 ) EXAGG]ATION & FALSIFICATION1 HIS QU>RELS ) ,L594 ,/AL9'S HIR$ APOLOGI/S 5DEAVOR$ TO WRITE ,TROTSKY'S NAME \T ( ! REVOLUTION & TO WRITE ,/AL9'S NAME 9 ITS PLACE4 ,CLUMSY =G]Y1 TRUE3 BUT NONE ! LESS1 AN E/ABLI%$ =G]Y ?AT ALL ! WORLD MAY SEE4 ,BE=E ,TROTSKY1 ,BAKUN9 WAS ! MO/ SL&]$ REVOLUTIONI/ 9 ! WORLD1 5JOY+ ! ESPECIAL HATR$ ( ! ,M>XI/S4 

,9 ! HI/ORY ( ,SOCIALISM1 ) ! EXCEPTION ( ,TROTSKY1 !RE IS NO HI/ORICAL P]SONALITY :I* HAS BE5 SO MU* SL&]$ BY A H&FUL ( W\LD-BE REVOLUTIONI/S & PSEUDO-,SOCIALI/S4 ,JU/ SO WAS ! HATR$ & SL&] AGA9/ ,BAKUN91 ! WORK ( ,M>X1 & HIS DOCTR9AIRE DISCIPLES1 AS ! SL&] ( ,TROTSKY IS ! WORK ( ,/AL9 & HIS DISCIPLES4 ,BAKUN91 ! TRUE 9C>NATION ( REVOLUTION>Y SPIRIT1 FE>LESS FI<T] = ! SOCIAL & POLITICAL EMANCIPATION ( ! WORK+ CLASS1 WAS ! DIRECT ANTI!SIS TO ! ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRATIC & PETTY B\RGEOISIE C[>DICE 9 ! POLITICAL LIFE ( ! DAY4 ,9 ! MID/ ( ! REVOLUTION>Y /RUGGLE ( #a#h#d#h1 ,M>X PUBLI%$1 9 HIS ,NEW ,RH5I% ,GAZETTE1 >TICLES ACCUS+ ,BAKUN9 ( BE+ A SECRET AG5T ( ,CZ> ,NI*OLAS & ! ,PANSLAVI/S4 ,M>X & HIS FRI5DS W]E !N =C$ TO /AMM] !IR APOLOGY4 ,:IL/ ,BAKUN91 AT ,OLMNITZ & O!R ,AU/RIAN JAILS1 SUFF]$ IMPRISONM5T1 =G$ TO ! WALLS 9 *A9S1 ,H]Z5 & ,MAZZ9I =C$ ,M>X TO TAKE BACK HIS UNWOR?Y LIES4 ,BUT ,M>X WAS NOT ! MAN TO =GIVE !M ?IS HUMILIATION4 

,:5 ,BAKUN9 REAPPE>$ 9 ! MID/ ( HIS REVOLUTION>Y FRI5DS1 AFT] HIS ESCAPE FROM ,SIB]IA1 ,M>X & HIS SATELLITES RECOMM5C$ !IR SL&]\S ATTACK4 ,M>X ESPECIALLY M]ITS ! WORK]S' REG>D = HIS GREAT S]VICES TO ! REVOLUTION>Y CAUSE1 R5D]$ UND] CONDITIONS (T5 ( APPALL+ POV]TY4 ,BUT ?IS P]SONAL VANITY & DOM9ATION DETRACT S]I\SLY FROM HIS CLAIM TO \R LOVE AS A MAN & A COMRADE4 ,HIS PRIVATE SPLE5 & HATR$ T[>DS ,BAKUN91 AL?\< OCCASIONALLY S(T5$1 IS UN=GIVEABLE & A S]I\S BLEMI% ON A GREAT *>ACT]4 ,ON ,BAKUN9'S RETURN1 HE 9SPIR$ ANONYM\S D5UNCIATIONS 9 ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRATIC ,PAP]S1 :I* W]E UND] ! $ITOR%IP ( ,W4 ,LIEBKNE*T1 ,M4 ,HESS1 & O!RS4 ,AGA9 AT ! CONGRESS ( ! ,9T]NATIONAL AT ,BASLE1 #a#h#f#i1 ! SL&]]S LO/ ! GAME1 & W]E =C$ TO COMPROMISE !MSELVES1 & DECL>E ! 5TIRE BASELESSNESS ( !IR *>GES4 ,M>X RESOLV$ TO KILL ,BAKUN9 & ,H]Z51 MORALLY1 AT ONE /ROKE4 ,9 HIS POSITION AS SECRET>Y ( A ,RUSSIAN SECTION1 & AS A MEMB] ( ! ,G5]AL ,C\NCIL ( ! ,9T]NATIONAL1 ,M>X S5T1 ON ,M>* #b#h?1 #a#h#g1 0A PRIVATE & CONFID5TIAL CIRCUL> TO HIS ,G]MAN FRI5DS40 ,?IS BORE1 AT ! BOTTOM1 ! (FICIAL SEAL ( ! ,9T]NATIONAL4 ,! FACT ( IT BE+ ISSU$ SECRETLY WAS AN (F5SE AGA9/ ! RULES & SPIRIT ( ! ,9T]NATIONAL4 ,! SL&]S :I* IT CONTA9S COV] EI<T PR9T$ PAGES1 & HAD BE5 CONVEY$ TO ,M>X4 ,! ORGANIZ]S ( !SE SL&]S1 & CONFID5TIAL CORRESPOND5TS ( ,M>X1 W]E TWO M5 :O BEGG$ ! ,CZ>'S P>DON1 RECEIV$ IT1 & LOYALLY RETURN$ TO ,RUSSIA4 ,!IR NAMES W]E ,UT9 & ,TRUSS[4 ,9 \R DAY1 ,TROTSKY HAS BE5 SL&]$ BY SIMIL> TYPES4 

,AMONG 9NUM]ABLE TREA*]\S /UPIDITIES1 ! CIRCUL> W5T ON3 -- 

0,SOON AFT] ,H]Z5 DI$1 ,BAKUN91 :O1 S9CE ! TIME HE TRI$ TO PROCLAIM HIMSELF LEAD] ( ! ,EUROPEAN LABOR MOVEM5T1 & DIS[N$ HIS OLD FRI5D & PATRON4 ,H]Z51 LO/ NO TIME1 SOON AFT] HIS DEA?1 TO S+ HIS PRAISE4 ,:Y8 ,H]Z51 9 SPITE ( HIS GREAT P]SONAL WEAL?1 ACCEPT$ #b#e1 FRANCS ANNUALLY1 = PROPAG&A ,?R\< HIS FLATT]+ VOICE4 ,BAKUN9 ATTRACT$ ?IS MONEY1 & ) IS1 ! H]ITAGE ( ,H]Z5 -- MALGRE SO HA9E DE L'H]ITAGE -- PECUNI>ILY & MORALLY A B5EFICIO 9V5T>IL RESUM$40 

,NEV] 9 ! :OLE POLITICAL & REVOLUTION>Y MOVEM5T WAS A WORSE SL&] ISSU$4 ,H]Z51 :O ISSU$ AT HIS [N CO/ A COMPLETE REVOLUTION>Y LIBR>Y1 & :O WAS ONE ( ! MO/ 9TELLECTUALLY BRILLIANT & UNCOMPROMIS+ DE/ROY]S ( POLITICAL & 9TELLECTUAL REACTION IS SL&]$ EQUALLY ) ,BAKUN94 

,!SE SL&]S AGA9/ ,BAKUN9 MU/ BE BORNE 9 M9D :5 WE RECALL ?AT HIS ALLEG$ CONFESSIONS HAVE BE5 PUBLI%$ BY ! S*OOL ( 'HIS TRADITIONAL 5EMIES1 :O >E JEAL\S ( !IR [N REPUTATION1 & HAVE SIL5C$ ALL OPPOSITION BY M$IEVAL ME?ODS4 ,YET ! FACTS HAV+ BE5 GIV5 TO ! REVOLUTION>Y & LABOR WORLD1 !IR IMPORT MU/ BE CONSID]$4 

,! DOCUM5TS >E SUMM>IZ$ BY ,L4 ,DEIT*1 AN OLD ,RUSSIAN REVOLUTIONI/ & A DISCIPLE ( ,BAKUN91 9 ! COLUMNS (F ! ,YIDDI% MON?LY1 ,! ,FUTURE1 ( ,NEW ,YORK1 = ,FEBRU>Y1 #a#i#b#d4 ,DEIT* WRITES1 ?AT 9 ! SPR+ ( #a#h#g#f1 :5 HE WAS LIV+ 9 ,ODESSA1 ,ANNA ,ROS5/E9-,MAK]EVIT* RETURN$ TO ! COMRADES !RE FROM A VISIT TO ,BAKUN91 :OM !Y REG>D$ AS !IR REBEL IDOL & GUIDE4 ,%E REPORT$ ?AT ,BAKUN9 HAD NOT LONG TO LIVE4 ,H] VISIT WAS UND]TAK5 9 ORD] TO CONSULT HIM AB\T A PLAN ?AT RIS+ AMONG ! PEASANTS ( ! DI/RICT ( ,T*IGIR9 BY ISSU+ A =G$ MANIFE/O PURPORT+ TO COME FROM ! ,CZ>4 ,BAKUN9 REPLI$ ?AT FALSEHOOD IS SEWN ALWAYS ) :ITE ?READ1 & SOON] OR LAT] ! ?READ WILL %[4 ,?IS IS A WISE REPLY & DOES ,BAKUN9 CR$IT4 ,YET HI/ORY PROVES ?AT (T-TIMES FALSEHOOD A*IEVES ITS PURPOSE1 UN=TUNATELY4 ,9DE$ IT IS SAFE TO SAY ?AT IF TRU? TRIUMPH$ NATURALLY & SPONTANE\SLY1 AS IT %\LD DO1 !RE W\LD BE NO HI/ORY4 ,POLITICS & GOV]NM5TS W\LD CEASE TO MASQU]ADE & SOCIETY W\LD BECOME A H>MONY4 ,! REM>KABLE ?+ AB\T ,BAKUN9'S UTT]ANCE IS ?AT HE MU/ HAVE KN[N ?AT HIS CONFESSIONS W]E LY+ 9 ! >*IVES ( ! ,RUSSIAN ?IRD DIVISION4 ,TIME W\LD PUBLI% !M2 & NO ONE WAS WORK+ H>D] = ! DAWN ( ?AT TIME ?AN ,BAKUN9 HIMSELF4 ,! FUTURE WILL PLACE HIS CONFESSIONS 9 ! SAME CATEGORY AS ?AT ( ,GALILEO4 ,HI/ORY RECALLS ?AT EV5 ,GIORDANO ,BRUNO S\<T TO EVADE TRIAL & DEA?4 ,HAD IT BE5 KN[N1 H[EV]1 DUR+ ,BAKUN9'S LIFE1 ?AT HE HAD ADDRESS$ HIMSELF TO ! ,CZ>S 9 ! FA%ION ?AT HE DID1 NOT EV5 HIS GREAT P]SONALITY1 NOR YET HIS LOGICAL CONC5TRAT$ DICTION1 W\LD HAVE E>N$ HIM ?AT /&+ 9 ! ,9T]NATIONAL ,WORK+-,CLASS ,MOVEM5T ?AT HE CAME TO 5JOY SO DES]V$LY4 ,IT MU/ BE RECALL$1 AGA9/ ! M]IT ( ,BAKUN9'S REVOLUTION>Y ACTIVITY & WRIT+ ?AT MANY ( HIS COLLEAGUES SUFF]$ TORTURE 9 ! ,CZ>'S PRISONS & NEV] WAV]$4 ,! PIONE] IS NEV] ! P]FECT H]O4 ,AS A ?9K] HE IS ! WORD 9C>NATE4 ,AS A MESS5G] HE IS (T5 A V]Y FRAIL MAN4 ,HIS LIFE IS USUALLY A TRAGIC & H]OIC /UMBL+ BETWE5 HIS TWO FUNCTIONS4 ,HE SEEMS TO BE A DUAL P]SONALITY4 ,HIS C>E] EV] REM9DS US ?AT !RE >E NO GODS TO ORD] PROGRESS2 ONLY PIONE]S1 V]Y1 V]Y HUMAN BE+S1 TO BLAZE ! TRAIL1 AS !Y /UMBLE ALONG4 ,!IR NAMES PASS 9TO LEG5D1 GR[ 9TO A GREAT TRADITION1 & E>N A BRAVE RESPECT4 ,!N SOMEONE DISCOV]S ! ESS5TIAL HUMANITY1 SOME TEMPOR>Y WEAK5+ UND] TORTURE1 & ! H]O IS GONE4 ,ALL IS DE/ROY$4 ,EV5 ! MI<TY WOR? ?AT *ALL5G$ P]SECUTION & ROSE SO BRAVELY = ! B5EFIT ( MANK9D FROM ITS YIELD+S TO TEMPTATION IS D5I$4 ,TIME1 ! GREAT HEAL]1 RI<TS ?AT ALSO4 ,F9ALLY1 PO/]ITY SEES NEI!R GOD NOR ! WEAKL+ BUT ! MAN AS HE WAS 9 ! ACTUAL SETT+ ( HIS TIME & CIRCUM/ANCE4 ,REMEMB]+ ?IS LET US CONSID] ,BAKUN9'S CONFESSIONS FROM PRISON & ALL ?AT HAPP5$ TO !M & HIM4 

,TO ,NI*OLAS ,I4 ,BAKUN9 WROTE3 

0,9 ,EA/]N ,EUROPE1 :]EV] WE LOOK1 WE SEE S5ILITY1 WEAKNESS1 LACK ( FAI?1 ALL >E *>LATANIZ+4 ,LE>N+ HAS BECOME ! SAME AS P[]LESSNESS40 

,NI*OLAS WROTE 9 HIS [N H& 9 ! M>G93 0,A WOND]FUL TRU?40 ,C]TA9LY ! /ATEM5T WAS TRUE4 ,IT DEPICTS CLASS SOCIETY 9 ALL ITS DRAB FUTILITY4 ,AS A TRU? ! ,CZ> C\LD NOT BE EXPECT$ TO APPRECIATE ITS =CE4 ,HE TOY$ ) IT AS AN EMPTY PLATITUDE4 ,ITS S\ND PLEAS$ HIM4 ,IT >GU$1 APP>5TLY1 AGA9/ LE>N+4 ,HE COMM5D$ IT BECAUSE IT GAVE HIM A PICTURE ( HIS VICTIM SQUIRM+4 ,WE MU/ READ IT 9 ASSOCIATION ) ITS CONT5TS4 ,BAKUN9 DESCRIBES HIMSELF AS 0A P5IT5T0 & DEF9ES HIS REVOLUTION>Y ACTIVITIES AS 0CRIM9AL ,DON ,QUIXOTIC-LIKE NONS5SE40 ,HE /YLES HIS ,SOCIALI/ PLANS 0AS HAV+ BE51 9 ! HI<E/ S5SE1 LUDICR\S1 NONS5SICAL1 9SOL5T1 & CRIM9AL4 ,CRIM9AL AGA9/ Y\1 MY ,EMP]OR1 MY ,CZ>4 ,CRIM9AL AGA9/ MY ,FA!RL&4 ,CRIM9AL AGA9/ ALL SPIRITUAL1 DIV9E1 & HUMAN LAWS40 

,AS HAS BE5 REM>K$ ALREADY1 ,BAKUN9 WAS NO?+ IF NOT ?OR\<4 ,:E!R HE WAS PROMOT+ ! REVOLUTION OR ABAS+ HIMSELF BE=E ! ,CZ>1 HE 5JOY$ EXPRESS+ HIMSELF TO ! V]Y LIMIT ( HIS MOOD4 ,! REVOLUTION WAS HIS E>NE/ ?\<T4 ,! ABASEM5T MU/ BE CONSID]$ A POSE1 ASSUM$ = SOME TACTICAL OBJECTIVE4 ,IT RANKS ) ! P>LIAM5T>Y OA? ( ALLEGIANCE4 ,! EXTREMISM ( EXPRESSION WAS ,BAKUN9 HIMSELF4 

,! PETITION CONT9UES3 -- 

0,IT IS H>D = ME1 ,CZ> ( M9E1 AN ]R+1 E/RANG$1 MISL$ SON1 TO TELL Y\ HE HAS HAD ! 9SOL5CE TO ?9K ( ! T5D5CY & ! SPIRIT ( Y\R RULE4 ,IT IS H>D = ME BECAUSE ,I /& BE=E Y\ LIKE A CONDEMN$ CRIM9AL4 ,IT IS PA9FUL TO MY SELF-LOVE4 ,IT IS R++ 9 MY E>S AS IF Y\1 MY ,CZ>1 SAID3 ',! BOY BABBLES ( ?+S HE DOES NOT UND]/&'40 

,BAKUN9 REPEATS ! PHRASE1 ?AT HE IS A CRIM9AL1 OV] & OV] AGA94 ,! ,CZ> ADDS A NOTE3 0,A SWORD DOES NOT FALL ON A B[$ NECK4 ,LET ,GOD P>DON HIM40 ,! P>DON WAS TO BE QUITE METAPHYSICAL4 ,= HIS [N P>T1 ! ,CZ> 9T5D$ TO KEEP ,BAKUN9 JAIL$4 

,NI*OLAS WAS SUCCE$$ BY ,ALEX&] ,I,I4 ,BAKUN9'S MO!R PETITION$ TO ! NEW ,EMP]OR4 ,! LATT] REPLI$ ) AFFABILITY3 0,AS LONG AS Y\R SON LIVES1 ,MADAM1 HE WILL NEV] BE FREE40 ,TO ?IS ,CZ>1 ,BAKUN9 ADDRESS$ A PETITION1 DAT$ ,FEBRU>Y #d?1 #a#h#e#g4 

,IT WAS SIGN$3 0,! M]CY-IMPLOR+ CRIM9AL1 ,MI*EL ,BAKUN940 ,DEIT* QUOTES A FEW PASSAGES TO %[ H[ ! GREAT REVOLUTIONI/ DEGRAD$ HIMSELF BE=E ! ,CZ>4 

0,MY ,LORD ,K+1 BY :AT NAME %ALL ,I CALL MY PA/ LIFE8 ,I HAVE SQU&]$ MY LIFE 9 FANTA/IC & FRUITLESS /RIV+S & IT HAS 5D$ 9 CRIME4 ,A FALSE BEG9N+1 A FALSE SITUATION1 & A S9FUL EGOTISM HAVE BR\<T ME TO CRIM9AL ]RORS4 ,I HAVE DONE NOT+ 9 MY LIFE EXCEPT TO COMMIT CRIMES4 ,I HAVE D>$ TO RAISE MY P[]LESS >M AGA9/ MY GREAT ,FA!RL&4 ,I HAVE R5\NC$ & CURS$ MY ]RORS & FAULTS4 ,IF ,I C\LD RECTIFY MY PA/ BY AN ACT1 ,I W\LD ASK M]CY & ! OPPORTUNITY TO DO ?IS4 ,I %\LD BE GLAD TO WIPE \T ) BLOOD MY CRIMES AGA9/ Y\1 MY ,CZ>4 ,TO Y\1 MY ,CZ>1 ,I AM NOT A%AM$ TO CONFESS MY WEAKNESS4 ,OP5LY1 ,I CONFESS ?AT ! ?\<T ( DY+ 9 LONEL9ESS1 9 ! D>K PRISON CELL1 T]RIFIES ME MORE ?AN DEA? ITSELF1 & FROM ! DEP?S ( MY HE>T & S\L ,I PRAY Y\R ,MAJE/Y TO BE RELEAS$1 IF IT IS ONLY POSSIBLE1 FROM ?IS LA/ PUNI%M5T1 ! HEAVIE/ ?AT CAN BE4 ,NO MATT] :AT S5T5CE MAY AWAIT ME1 ,I SURR5D] TO IT 9 ADVANCE & ACCEPT IT AS JU/4 ,& ,I P]MIT MYSELF TO HOPE ?AT ?IS LA/ TIME ,I MAY BE ALL[$ TO EXPRESS ! FEEL+ ( PR(\ND GRATITUDE TO Y\R UN=GETTABLE FA!R1 & TO ,Y\R ,MAJE/Y1 = ALL ! B5EFITS ?AT Y\ HAVE %[N ME40 

,!RE >E O!R DOCUM5TS ( A SIMIL> *>ACT] ADDRESS$ TO HI< (FICIALS4 

,9 #a#h#e#d1 AT ! BEG9N+ ( ! ,CRIMEAN ,W>1 ,BAKUN9 WAS TRANSF]R$ TO ! CASEMATES ( ! DREAD$ =TRESS ( ,S*LUSSELBURG1 :I* ACTUALLY LIE B5EA? ! LEVEL ( ! ,NEVA4 ,:5 ,ALEX&] ,I,I4 ASC5D$ ! ?RONE 9 ,AUGU/1 #a#h#e#f1 HE HALF-P>DON$ MANY POLITICAL REFUGEES & CONSPIRATORS4 ,) GRIM SATIRE HE 9CLUD$ ! SURVIV+ ,DECEMBRI/S ( #a#h#b#e4 ,A ROYAL P>DON AFT] ?IRTY YE>S ( TORTURE6 ,BAKUN9 WAS NOT AMONG ! P>DON$4 

,9 #a#h#e#g1 ,BAKUN9 WAS RELEAS$ FROM PRISON & REMOV$ TO ,WE/]N ,SIB]IA AS A P5AL COLONI/4 ,?REE YE>S LAT] ,BAKUN9 ASK$ TO RETURN TO ,RUSSIA4 ,! EMP]OR REFUS$ ?IS REQUE/ AS HE SAW 9 HIM 0NO SIGNS ( REMORSE40 ,AFT] EI<T YE>S IMPRISONM5T & F\R YE>S 9 EXILE1 HE HAD TO LOOK =W>D /ILL TO A S]IES ( DRE>Y YE>S SP5T 9 ,SIB]IA4 ,TWO ( !SE HAD GONE :51 9 #a#h#e#i1 ! ,RUSSIAN ,GOV]NM5T ANNEX$ ! T]RITORY ( ! ,AMUR4 ,BAKUN9 WAS GIV5 P]MISSION TO SETTLE H]E & TO MOVE AB\T AS HE PLEAS$4 ,?IS WAS NOT 5\<4 ,A NEW FLAME HAD BE5 K9DL$ ?R\<\T ,RUSSIA4 ,G>IBALDI HAD UNFURL$ ! ,ITALIAN FLAG ( SEEM+ FRE$OM4 ,BAKUN91 AT =TY-SEV5 YE>S ( AGE & ) HIS PULSE FULL ( VIGOR1 C\LD NOT REMA9 TAME & DI/ANT SPECTATOR ( !SE REVOLUTION>Y EV5TS4 ,HIS CONFESSIONS W]E =GOTT54 ,! TITAN WAS HIMSELF AGA94 ,HE DET]M9$ TO ESCAPE4 ,HIS EXCURSIONS W]E EXT5D$ GRADUALLY AS F> AS ,NOVO-,NIKOLAIEVSK4 ,H]E AT LA/1 HE SECRETLY BO>D$ AN ,AM]ICAN CLIPP] & REA*$ ,JAPAN4 ,HE WAS ! FIR/ POLITICAL REFUGEE TO SEEK %ELT] 9 ! L& ( ! *]RY BLOSSOM4 ,FROM !RE HE PROCE$$ TO ! ,DEVIL'S ,KIT*51 ,SAN ,FRANCISCO4 ,HE CROSS$ ! ,I/HMUS ( ,PANAMA & REA*$ ,NEW ,YORK4 ,ON ! #b#f? ,DECEMB]1 #a#h#f#a1 HE L&$ AT ,LIV]POOL4 ,! NEXT DAY HE WAS ) HIS COMRADES 9 ,LONDON4 ,!Y KNEW NO?+ AB\T ! AMAZ+ DOCUM5TS ,BAKUN9 HAD LEFT BEH9D HIM 9 ! ,RUSSIAN >*IVES4 ,SIXTY YE>S W]E TO ELAPSE BE=E !Y W]E TO COME TO LI<T4 ,9 ! 9T]VAL1 HIS REVOLUTION>Y 9FLU5CE WAS TO W9 ! ,RUSSIAN Y\? TO ! CAUSE ( SOCIAL REVOLUTION BY ! SIMPLICITY1 CLE>NESS & CONSI/5CY ( HIS TEA*+S4 ,IMM$IATELY1 ! ORGANIZ$ WORK]S ( ,LONDON W]E 9SPIR$ BY HIS WOND]FUL RECORD ( M>TYRDOM4 ,!Y REG>D$ BO? HIM & HIS DOCTR9E ) RESPECTFUL AWE4 ,BEH9D HIS PHRASES !Y BEHELD ! FIGURE ( A LEG5D>Y BE+ :O HAD GIV5 UP ! SAFETY ( HIS HOME & ?R[N HIMSELF 9TO ! FI<T = WORK+-CLASS FRE$OM4 ,!Y DID NOT KN[ ALL ! TRU?4 ,IT WAS AS WELL BECAUSE !Y W\LD NOT HAVE APPRECIAT$ ITS EXACT SIGNIFICANCE4 ,!Y W\LD HAVE MADE NO ALL[ANCE = ! AGONY ?AT R$UC$ ,BAKUN9'S SPIRITS TO ! /ATE ( HUMBLE PETITION4 ,!Y W\LD HAVE =GOTT5 ?AT EV]Y M>TYR HAS WI%$ ?AT ! CUP MI<T PASS FROM HIS LIPS4 ,!Y W\LD HAVE ATTA*$ UNDUE IMPORTANCE TO PROMISES & ABASEM5TS MADE UND] DURESS4 ,BAKUN9 W\LD HAVE BE5 UNABLE TO HAVE GIV5 TO ! WORLD HIS LAT] MAGNIFIC5T ,AN>*I/ MANIFE/OS4 ,AS IT WAS1 !Y REJOIC$4 ,!IR REJOIC+ MORE NE>LY EXPRESS$ :AT ! TRU? M]IT$ ?AN !IR SIL5CE W\LD HAVE DONE4 

0,BAKUN9 IS 9 ,LONDON6 ,BURI$ 9 DUNGEONS1 LO/ 9 ,SIB]IA1 HE REAPPE>S 9 ! MID/ ( US FULL ( LIFE & 5]GY6 ,HE RETURNS MORE HOPEFUL ?AN EV]1 ) R$\BL$ LOVE = FRE$OM'S HOLY CAUSE4 ,HE IS 9VIGORAT$ BY ! %>P BUT HEAL?Y AIR ( ,SIB]IA4 ,) HIS RESURRECTION1 IMAGES & %AD[S RISE FROM ! DEAD6 ,<O/S WALK ABROAD6 ,VISIONS ( #ahdh REAPPE>6 ,?AT REVOLUTION>Y EPO* BELONGS NO LONG] TO ! PA/6 ,IT HAS *ANG$ ITS PLACE 9 ! ORD] ( TIME4 ,! REVOLUTION MU/ BE COMPLET$40 

,SU* W]E ! GREET+S ) :I* ALL LOV]S ( FRE$OM & MEMB]S ( ! REVOLUTION>Y WORK+-CLASS COMMITTEES ?R\<\T ,BRITA9 WELCOM$ ! APPROA* ( ! YE>1 #a#h#f#b4 

,TO JU/IFY !SE EXPECTATIONS1 ,BAKUN9 SETTL$ D[N TO ! P>T $ITOR%IP ( ,H]Z5'S ,KOLOKOL OR ,BELL4 ,NEV] DID REVOLUTIONI/S PRODUCE GREAT] OR MORE VALUABLE WRIT+S ?AN ,BAKUN9 DID DUR+ ! T5 YE>S ?AT FOLL[$4 ,M5TALLY & PHYSICALLY1 HE ATTA9$ HIS PRIME4 

O ,*APT] #aa 3 ,! ,RETREAT ( ,H]Z5 

0,! SLI<TE/ CONCESSION1 ! SMALLE/ GRACE & COMPASSION WILL BR+ US BACK TO ! PA/ AGA91 & LEAVE \R FETT]S UNT\*$4 ,( TWO ?+S WE MU/ *OOSE ONE4 ,EI!R WE MU/ JU/IFY \RSELVES & GO ON1 OR WE MU/ FALT] & BEG = M]CY :5 WE HAVE >RIV$ HALF-WAY40 

,9 !SE T]MS1 WRITT5 9 A MOOD ( UNCOMPROMIS+ ,NIHILISM1 ,H]Z5 CONDEMN$ HIS LAT] C>E]4 ,! CONDEMNATION APPLIES TO ! WORLD SOCIALI/ MOVEM5T4 ,IT IS SAFE TO SAY ?AT ! C>E]I/ LABOR LEAD]S ( ,EUROPEAN POLITICS ( ! N9ETE5? & TW5TIE? C5TURIES FL\RI%$ 9 RETREAT4 ,! ORGANIZATION ( ! ,LABOR ,MOVEM5T HAS BE5 A LONG /ORY ( CALCULAT$ ANTI-SOCIALI/ CONSPIRACY & 9TRIGUE4 ,%\LD A FUTURE G5]ATION EV] PAUSE TO TELL ! /ORY IT WILL BE F\ND ?AT ! WORK]S NEV] ORGANIZ$ FROM ! TIME ( ! ,TOLPUDDLE ,M>TYRS TO ! TRIUMPH ( ,FASCISM & ! \TLAWRY ( ,M>XISM 9 ,G]MANY4 ,!Y W]E ORGANIZ$ /EADILY T[>DS ! >RE/M5T & F9ALLY1 ! DE/RUCTION ( !IR P[] ( RESI/ANCE4 ,H]Z5'S C>E] SYMBOLIZ$ ?IS ORGANIZ$ SURR5D] TO CAPITALISM4 ,ONLY1 HE RETREAT$ RELUCTANTLY4 ,UNLIKE ! LABOR POLITICIAN HE SUCCUMB$ )\T 5?USIASM & HAD ! DEC5CY TO ACKN[L$GE DISA/]4 ,HE DID RETREAT4 ,AS HE RETREAT$1 ,BAKUN9 ADVANC$4 

,9 #a#h#d#h1 IT DID NOT SEEM POSSIBLE ?AT ! WORLD W\LD HAVE TO WAIT LONG = ! 9EVITABLE CONFLAGRATION4 ,AL?\< WE MU/ BE NE>] ! REVOLUTION ?AN \R =EBE>S ( ?AT TIME1 ! FACT ?AT !Y EXPECT$ IT %\LD *ECK \R [N ABSOLUTE C]TITUDE ( ITS REALIZATION 9 ! IMM$IATE FUTURE4 ,BELIEF ?AT ,CAES>ISM MU/ COLLAPSE MISL$ ! APO/LES & ! FIR/ ,*RI/IANS4 ,K>L ,M>X EXPECT$ ,JOHN ,MO/ TO SEE IT4 ,!RE HAVE BE5 TREM5D\S *ANGES 9 ! WORLD S9CE DEA? ( ,MO/4 ,! REVOLUTION1 H[EV]1 IS /ILL ON ITS WAY4 ,IT WILL >RIVE1 BUT NO ONE CAN SAY :54 ,AS ,JESUS SO WISELY REM>K$1 IT IS DUE TO COME LIKE A ?IEF 9 ! NI<T4 ,! DELAY SADD5$ ,H]Z54 ,! D[NFALL ( ALL EXI/+ 9/ITUTIONS HAD SEEM$ IMM95T4 ,SOCIALISM WAS ! GOSPEL ( Y\?1 ! HOPE ( HUMANITY1 ! GOAL TO BE ATTA9$4 ,! Y\? ( ! WORLD ( TIME REVEL$ 9 ! ?\<T ?AT ! SPR+-TIME WAS AT H&4 ,) JOY & VIGOR HE PROPHESI$3-- 

0,:5 ! SPR+ COMES1 A Y\NG & FRE% LIFE WILL %[ ITSELF OV] ! :IT5$ SEPUL*]S ( ! FEEBLE G5]ATIONS :I* WILL HAVE DISAPPE>$ 9 ! EXPLOSION4 ,= ! AGE ( S5ILE B>B>ITY1 !RE WILL BE SUB/ITUT$ A JUV5ILE B>B>ITY1 FULL ( DISCONNECT$ =CES4 ,A SAVAGE & FRE% VIGOR WILL 9VADE ! Y\NG BREA/S ( NEW PEOPLES4 ,!N WILL COMM5CE A NEW CYCLE ( EV5TS & A NEW VOLUME ( UNIV]SAL HI/ORY4 ,! FUTURE BELONGS TO ,SOCIALI/ IDEAS40 

,! #ahdh UPHEAVAL FAIL$4 ,! CRU%+ ( ! ,FR5* ,LABOR ,MOVEM5T ANG]$ & DI%E>T5$ ,H]Z54 ,SORR[ AT ! G5]AL *ECK RECEIV$ BY ! REVOLUTION ?R\<\T ,EUROPE DI/URB$ HIS \TLOOK4 ,HE REP5T$1 AS AN ILLUSION1 HIS TEMPOR>Y AFFECTION = ,WE/]N CULTURE4 ,HE RETURN$ TO ,RUSSIA 9 ?\<T BUT NOT 9 BODY4 ,HE FELT WE>Y & AG$4 0,WE W]E Y\NG TWO YE>S AGO2 TO-DAY WE >E OLD10 HE WROTE 9 #a#h#e4 ,HE P\R$ \T HIS S5SE ( HOPELESSNESS & DESPAIR 9 HIS WORK1 0,FROM ,! ,O!R ,%ORE40 

,HE C\LD NOT GIVE UP HIS FAI? 9 REVOLUTION4 ,! ,WE/ HAD FAIL$--BUT !RE WAS ,RUSSIA4 ,:Y %\LD NOT ,RUSSIA BECOME A ,SOCIALI/ ,REPUBLIC )\T PASS+ ?R\< CAPITALISM8 ,:Y %\LD NOT ,RUSSIA EMANCIPATE ! WORLD8 ,H]Z5 SAW NO REASON & SO1 9 #a#h#e#a1 HE P5N$ ! PROPHETIC WORDS3 0,! MAN ( ! FUTURE 9 ,RUSSIA IS ! ,M\JIK1 JU/ AS 9 ,FRANCE HE IS ! >TISAN40 ,H]Z5 =ESAW ! WORK]S' & PEASANTS' REPUBLIC4 ,HE CONT9U$ 9 ?IS FAI? D[N TO ! R5EWAL ( HIS ASSOCIATION ) ,BAKUN9 9 ,LONDON4 ,HE DEVELOP$ HIS IDEAS 9 0,! ,OLD ,WORLD & ,RUSSIA40 ,! COM+ REVOLUTION1 />T+ FROM ,RUSSIA1 W\LD DE/ROY ! BASIS ( ALL ! ,/ATES--! ,ROMAN1 ,*RI/IAN1 & FEUDAL 9/ITUTIONS1 ! P>LIAM5T>Y1 MON>*IAL1 & REPUBLICAN C5T]S4 ,ALL W\LD P]I% BUT ! PEOPLE ( ,EUROPE W\LD LIVE4 ,FAI? 9 ,RUSSIA R5EW$ ,H]Z5'S OPTIMISM4 ,HE OPPOS$ HIMSELF AGA9/ RE=MISM ANEW 9 ! FOLL[+ WORDS3-- 

0,WE CAN DO MORE PLA/]+ & REPAIR+4 ,IT HAS BECOME IMPOSSIBLE TO MOVE 9 ! ANCI5T =MS )\T BREAK+ !M4 ,\R REVOLUTION>Y IDEA IS 9COMPATIBLE 5TIRELY ) ! EXI/+ /ATE ( ?+S40 

0,A CON/ITUTION IS ONLY A TREATY BETWE5 MA/] & SLAVE40 ,?IS DECL>ATION WAS MADE BY ,H]Z5 ALSO4 ,IT AT ONCE BECAME ! MOTTO ( ! M9ORITY ( ! ,RUSSIAN EXTREMI/S4 ,H]Z5'S DESIRE N[ BECAME ! SPE$+ UP ( ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION4 ,DI%E>T5$ BY FAILURE HE TURN$ OPPORTUNI/4 ,9TRIGUE REPLAC$ 9SURRECTION & F9ALLY HE REPUDIAT$ REVOLUTION>Y MEASURES = LIB]ALISM4 ,HE ID5TIFI$ HIMSELF ) ! CON/ITUTIONALI/S & LEFT HIS COLLEAGUE ,BAKUN9 TO SPREAD ! FLAME ( UNIV]SAL DE/RUCTION4 ,HE DECL>$ ?AT ,BAKUN9 MI/OOK ! PASSION = DE/RUCTION = ! PASSION = CREATION4 ,= HIMSELF1 HE NO LONG] WI%$ TO M>* AHEAD ( ! BULK ( MANK9D4 ,HE W\LD NOT REMA9 BEH9D BUT W\LD KEEP 9 /EP ) ! NE$S ( CON/ITUTIONAL PROGRESS4 

,!RE WAS NO?+ WRONG ) ,H]Z5'S REVOLUTION>Y PROGRAM4 ,IT WAS HIS IMPATI5CE ?AT DROVE HIM TO REACTION4 ,! FIRE DID NOT BLAZE QUICKLY 5\< & SO HE D5\NC$ ! DAMPNESS ( ! WOOD & DECL>$ ?AT ! BURN+ MU/ 5D 9 SMOKE4 ,! VAPOR WAS ,H]Z5'S IMPATI5CE TURN$ TO PESSIMISM & NOT HIS WORK NOR YET HIS IDEAL4 

,H]Z5 RETREAT$ FROM ,NIHILISM TO ! RE=M ( ,RUSSIAN (FICIALDOM4 ,HE URG$ ?IS 9 ! ,KOLOKOL4 ,BAKUN9 OPPOS$ HIM4 ,HE ID5TIFI$ ! ,KOLOKOL MORE & MORE ) ! APPLAUSE ( ! NEGATIVE PR9CIPLE & ! D5UNCIATION ( ALL POSITIVE 9/ITUTIONS4 ,?IS DUAL POLICY CONT9U$ D[N TO #a#h#f#e4 ,! ,KOLOKOL WAS TRANSF]R$ !N FROM ,LONDON TO ,G5EVA4 ,9 ?IS CEMET]Y ( MANY HOPES & MANY PEACE CONF]5CES1 ! PAP] DI$4 

O ,*APT] #ab 3 ,BAKUN9'S ,9FLU5CE 

,KROPOTK9 HAS ASS]T$ ?AT WE MU/ MEASURE ,BAKUN9'S 9FLU5CE NOT BY HIS LIT]>Y LEGACY1 :I* WAS SMALL CONTRA/$ AGA9/ ?AT ( ,M>X1 BUT BY ! ?\<T & ACTION HE 9SPIR$ 9 HIS IMM$IATE DISCIPLES4 ,! 9FLU5CE HAS DESC5D$ ?R\< !M TO \R TIME4 ,IT IS LEG5D>Y & ORAL RA!R ?AN WRITT5 & DIRECT4 ,IT IS PURELY SPIRITUAL BUT NONE ! LESS REAL4 ,BLANQUI US$ TO ASS]T ?AT ONE %\LD NEV] MEASURE ! 9FLU5CE ( EV5TS BY !IR SEEM+ DIRECT RESULTS4 ,!SE W]E ALWAYS UNREAL & UNIMPORTANT4 ,! ACCURATE MEASUREM5T WAS TO JUDGE ! 9DIRECT CONSEQU5CES4 ,?IS IS H[ ,BAKUN9 MU/ BE JUDG$4 ,FROM HIS LIFE & WORK HAS FL[N A /EADY /REAM ( REVOLUTION>Y ?\<T1 PASSION1 & WORK ?R\<\T ! WORLD4 ,IT HAS NOT M]ELY CONTRIBUT$ T[>DS ! TRIUMPH ( ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION BUT IT WILL PASS ON TO DE/ROY UTT]LY ! PRES5T ,/AL9I/ C\NT]-REVOLUTION & ! M5AC+ ,FASCISM N[ TRIUMPHANT 9 ,EUROPE4 ,HIS ?REE BOOKS & HIS MANY PAMPHLETS ALL ORIG9AT$ 9 ! SAME WAY4 ,!Y W]E WRITT5 TO ANSW] QUE/IONS ( ! DAY4 ,!Y W]E ADDRESS$ AS LETT]S TO FRI5DS1 BUT REA*$ ! L5G? ( PAMPHLETS [+ TO !IR AU?OR'S DISCURSIVE /YLE ( WRIT+4 

,9 ,P>IS1 9 #a#h#d#g1 & 9 ,G]MANY1 9 #a#h#d#h1 HIS 9FLU5CE ON ALL M5 ( ?\<T WAS TREM5D\S4 ,HE EX]T$ A GREAT P[] OV] ,WAGN]1 :O WAS HIS P]SONAL FRI5D2 ,GEORGE ,S&1 ,OG>(F1 & ! COMRADES :O COMPOS$ ! SOCIALI/ CIRCLES1 ! ,Y\NG ,G]MANY1 ,ITALY & ,SW$5 MOVEM5TS4 ,ALL W]E 9FECT$ BY HIS REVOLUTION>Y SPIRIT4 

,BAKUN9'S REAL LIT]>Y C>E] BEGAN AFT] HIS BREAK ) ,H]Z54 ,TO ?IS P]IOD BELONGS ! ESSAYS 0,! ,P>IS ,COMMUNE & ! ,/ATE ,IDEA10 0,! ,HI/ORICAL ,DEVELOPM5T ( ! ,9T]NATIONAL ,WORK]S' ,ASSOCIATION10 ,GOD & ! ,/ATE10 0,! ,KN\TO-,G]MAN ,EMPIRE10 0,REPORT ( A ,FR5*MAN ON ! ,PRES5T ,CRISIS10 0,! ,POLITICAL ,!OLOGY ( ,MAZZ9I & ! ,9T]NATIONAL10 & 0,! ,BE>S ( ,B]NE40 

,BAKUN9'S SPEE*ES AT ! ,CONGRESS ( ! ,PEACE & ,LIB]TY ,LEAGUE W]E SO MANY *ALL5GES TO ! RADICALS ( ,EUROPE4 ,!Y DECL>$ ?AT ! ,RADICALISM ( #ahdh HAD HAD ITS DAY1 ?AT ! NEW ]A1 ! EPO* ( ,SOCIALISM & ,LABOR1 HAD DAWN$4 ,! QUE/ION ( ECONOMIC 9DEP5D5CE HAD RAIS$ ITS HEAD & W\LD BECOME ! DOM9AT+ FACTOR 9 ,EUROPEAN HI/ORY4 ,?IS IDEA 9SPIRES HIS PAMPHLET TO ,MAZZ9I4 ,H]E HE ANN\NCES ! 5D ( ! CONSPIRACY = ! PURPOSE ( WAG+ W>S ( NATIONAL 9DEP5D5CE4 

,9 0,! ,BE>S ( ,B]NE0 HE SAYS GOOD-BYE TO ! ,PHILLI/9E ,SWISS DEMOCRATISM4 ,HIS 0,LETT]S TO A ,FR5*MAN0 W]E A LITANY TO ,GAMBETTA'S ,RADICALISM4 ,!Y ANTICIPAT$ & PROCLAIM$ ! EPO* ( ! ,P>IS ,COMMUNE4 

,HIS 0,KN\TO-,G]MAN ,EMPIRE & ! ,SOCIAL ,REVOLUTION0 WAS ! PROPHETIC VISION ( AN OLD REVOLUTIONI/4 ,BAKUN9 =ESAW ,FASCISM4 ,HE PROPHESI$ ?AT1 RESULT+ FROM ! TRIUMPH ( ,BISM>CK'S MILIT>Y /ATE1 A FIFTY YE>S' REACTION W\LD DESC5D ON ,EUROPE4 ,BAKUN9 DECL>ES ?AT ! RISE ( ,G]MAN ,/ATE ,SOCIALISM1 TO :I* ,BISM>CK /OOD SPONSOR1 WAS ! PRELUDE TO ?IS C\NT]-REVOLUTION4 ,?IS SUMM>Y %[S ?AT 9 SPITE ( !IR FI<T+ T5D5CY1 ATTRIBUT$ TO ! FACT ?AT !Y W]E WRITT5 ON ! SPUR ( ! MOM5T1 ,BAKUN9'S WRIT+S >E REPLETE ) PR(\ND POLITICAL ?\<T & A CLE> PHILOSOPHIC CONCEPTION ( HI/ORY4 ,9SPIR$ BY ,PR\DHON'S REVOLUTION>Y IDEA1 !Y TRACE MORE ACCURATELY ?AN ,M>X'S WRIT+S1 ! POLITICAL DEVELOPM5TS ( ! CLASS /RUGGLE TO \T TIME4 

,BAKUN9'S WORKS 9CLUDE NO READY-MADE RECIPE = A POLITICAL COOK-%OP4 ,HE HAS NO CRE$ TO ORD]4 ,?OSE :O EXPECT TO F9D AN ANSW] TO ALL !IR QUE/IONS 9 HIS BOOKS1 )\T HAV+ TO USE !IR [N ?9K+-CAPS WILL GET NO SATISFACTION4 ,! WRIT] DEF9ES & EXPRESS$ LIFE AS ONE W\LD DO 9 CONV]SATION4 ,HE 9VITES Y\ TO REFLECT = Y\RSELF4 ,HIS BRILLIANT G5]ALIZATIONS AWAK5 Y\R 9TELLECT4 ,HIS IDEAS P\R =? UN>RANG$1 9 A SPONTANE\S FL[4 ,IT MAY BE SAID ?AT HIS WORKS HAVE DONE MORE = ! REVOLUTION>Y $UCATION ( ! PROLET>IAT ?AN ALL ! HEAVY S*OLA/IC TREATISES ( ! DOCTR9AIRE SOCIALI/S PUT TOGE!R4 ,! MAN LIV$4 ,HE CONT9UES TO LIVE 9 HIS WRIT+S4 ,HE MAKES HIS READ]S LIVE4 ,?R\< LIFE ! REVOLUTION WILL COME4 

O ,*APT] #ac 3 ,BAKUN9'S ,COMMUNISM 

,9 #a#h#f#i1 ,BAKUN9 DELIV]$ HIS FAM\S SPEE* TO ! ,LEAGUE ( ,PEACE & ,LIB]TY ,CONGRESS AT ,B]NE4 ,PLE*AN(F HAS DESCRIB$ ?IS ORGANIZATION AS AN 5TIRELY B\RGEOISIE BODY4 ,! HI/ORY ( SOCIAL DEMOCRATIC MOVEM5T ?AT ,GEORGE ,PLE*AN(F DEF5D$ SO LABORI\SLY1 HAS PROV5 TO BE SO COMPLETELY C\NT]-REVOLUTION>Y ?AT HIS C5SURES ( ,BAKUN9 MAY PASS AS M]E WORDS ( ABUSE4 ,BAKUN9'S SPEE* IMPEA*$ MOD]N CIVILIZATION AS HAV+ BE5 0F\ND$ FROM TIME IMMEMORIAL ON ! =C$ LABOR ( ! 5ORM\S MAJORITY1 CONDEMN$ TO LEAD ! LIVES ( BRUTES & SLAVES1 9 ORD] ?AT A SMALL M9ORITY MI<T BE 5ABL$ TO LIVE AS HUMAN CREATURES4 ,?IS MON/R\S 9EQUALITY10 HE DISCOV]$1 RE/$ 0UPON ! ABSOLUTE SEP>ATION BETWE5 HEAD-WORK & H&-LABOR4 ,BUT ?IS ABOM9ATION CANNOT LA/3 = 9 ! FUTURE ! WORK+-CLASSES >E RESOLV$ TO MAKE !IR [N POLITICS4 ,!Y 9SI/ ?AT 9/EAD ( TWO CLASSES1 !RE %ALL BE 9 FUTURE ONLY ONE1 :I* %ALL (F] TO ALL M5 ALIKE1 )\T GRADE OR DI/9CTION1 ! SAME />T+ PO9T1 ! SAME MA9T5ANCE1 ! SAME OPPORTUNITIES ( $UCATION & CULTURE1 ! SAME MEANS ( 9DU/RY3 NOT1 9DE$1 BY VIRTUE ( LAWS1 BUT BY ! NATURE ( ! ORGANIZATION ( ?IS CLASS :I* %ALL OBLIGE EV]YONE TO WORK ) HIS HEAD AS ) HIS H&S40 

,BAKUN9 CONCLUD$ HIS SPEE* BY A DECL>ATION 9 FAVOR ( 0! ECONOMICAL & SOCIAL EQUALIZATION ( CLASSES & ( 9DIVIDUALS40 ,A DELEGATE NAM$ ,*AUDEY REPROA*$ HIM ) ADVOCAT+ ,COMMUNISM4 ,BAKUN9 REPUDIAT$ ! *>GE 9 A PASSAGE ?AT HAS (T5 BE5 MIS9T]PRET$ BY ! ALLEG$ FOLL[]S ( ,M>X1 HEAD$ BY ,PLE*AN(F :OM !SE PETTY P>LIAM5T>IANS HAVE DISCIPL$ FAI?FULLY 9 ?IS MATT] ( SL&]4 ,BAKUN9 URG$ ?AT HE WAS AN UPHOLD] ( COLLECTIVISM AS OPPOS$ TO COMMUNISM4 ,AS HIS MAGNIFIC5T COMM5TS ON ! ,P>IS ,COMMUNE %[1 HE WAS NEV] OPPOS$ TO COMMUNISM BUT ONLY TO ! AU?ORIT>IAN CONCEPTION ( COMMUNISM = :I* ! ULTRA-,M>XIANS /OOD4 ,HE US$ ! WORD COLLECTIVISM 9 A S5SE ?AT AFT] BECAME OBSOLETE4 ,9DE$1 COLLECTIVISM CAME TO MEAN EXACTLY ! SAME AS ! COMMUNISM ,BAKUN9 REPUDIAT$4 ,BAKUN9 DID NOT OPPOSE ! IDEA ( EQUITY OR ECONOMIC EQUALITY = :I* COMMUNISM /&S4 ,HE OPPOS$ ! IDEA ( A C5TRAL /ATISM ) :I* ! ,M>XIANS HAD ID5TIFI$ ! IDEA ( COMMUNISM4 ,IT IS TYPICAL ( ! UNFAIR ATTACKS MADE ON ,BAKUN9 ?AT ,ELEANOR ,M>X ,AVEL+ COMPLA9$ ?AT ,BAKUN9'S USE ( ! WORD 0/ATISM0 WAS AN 9V5T$ B>B>ISM = :I* %E HAD TO MAKE A SPECIAL APOLOGY4 ,! WORD HAS PASS$ S9CE 9TO REGUL> USE & EV5 ! P$ANTS ( ! UNIV]SITIES EMPLOY IT TO DEF9E ! 9VASIONS ( 9DIVIDUAL LIB]TY BY ! AG5TS ( BUREAUCRACY4 ,*AUDEY WAS A TE/AM5T>Y EXECUTOR ( ,PR\DHON4 ,HIS ATTACK ANNOY$ ,BAKUN91 :O DECL>$3 

0,BECAUSE ,I DEM& ! ECONOMIC & SOCIAL EQUALIZATION ( CLASSES & 9DIVIDUALS1 BECAUSE1 ) ! ,WORK]S' ,CONGRESS ( ,BRUSSELS1 ,I HAVE DECL>$ MYSELF 9 FAVOR ( COLLECTIVE PROP]TY1 ,I HAVE BE5 REPROA*$ ) BE+ A ,COMMUNI/4 ,:AT DIFF]5CE1 ,I HAVE BE5 ASK$1 IS !RE BETWE5 ,COMMUNISM & ,COLLECTIVISM444 ,COMMUNISM ,I ABHOR1 BECAUSE IT S ! NEGATION ( LIB]TY1 & )\T LIB]TY ,I CANNOT IMAG9E ANY?+ TRULY HUMAN4 ,I DETE/ ,COMMUNISM BECAUSE IT CONC5TRATES ALL ! /R5G? ( ,SOCIETY 9 ! ,/ATE1 & SQU&]S ?AT /R5G? 9 ITS S]VICE3 BECAUSE IT PLACES ALL PROP]TY 9 ! H&S ( ! ,/ATE1 :]EAS MY PR9CIPLE IS ! ABOLITION ( ! ,/ATE ITSELF1 ! RADICAL EXTIRPATION ( ! PR9CIPLE ( AU?ORITY & TUTELAGE1 :I* HAS 5SLAV$1 OPPRESS$1 EXPLOIT$1 & DEPRAV$ MANK9D UND] ! PRETEXTS ( MORALIZ+ & CIVILIZ+ M54 ,I WANT ! ORGANIZATION ( SOCIETY & ! DI/RIBUTION ( PROP]TY TO PROCE$ FROM BEL[1 BY ! FREE VOICE ( SOCIETY ITSELF3 NOT D[NW>D FROM ABOVE1 BY ! DICTATE ( AU?ORITY4 ,I DESIRE ! ABOLITION ( P]SONAL H]$IT>Y PROP]TY1 :I* IS M]ELY & 9/ITUTION ( ! ,/ATE1 & A CONSEQU5CE ( ,/ATE PR9CIPLES4 ,9 ?IS S5SE ,I AM A ,COLLECTIVI/ NOT A ,COMMUNI/40 

,IT MAY BE ?AT ,BAKUN9 SEEMS TO PROP\ND ! FALLACY ?AT ! ,/ATE CREATES PROP]TY1 9/EAD ( ESP\S+ ! S\ND DOCTR9E ?AT PROP]TY NECESSITATES & DECIDES ! ,/ATE4 ,HE MAY MI/AKE ! %AD[ = ! SUB/ANCE4 ,BUT HIS ]ROR IS ONE ( !ORY & NOT ( FACT4 ,IT HAS ALWAYS SEEM$ /RANGE TO ME ?AT ! ,M>XI/S1 :OSE ECONOMIC EXPLANATION ( POLITICS OR ! ,/ATE IS CORRECT1 %\LD HAVE BECOME1 9 PRACTICE1 P>LIAM5T>IANS & PRET5D TO BELIEVE ?AT P>LIAM5T CONTROLS 9DU/RY4 ,PR\DHON1 ,BAKUN91 & ,MO/1 BE+ ,AN>*I/S1 MI<T BE =GIV5 DID !Y D$UCE FROM !IR HATR$ ( AU?ORITY1 SOME IDEA ( W>R+ AGA9/ ! ,/ATE 9/EAD ( ECONOMIC CONDITIONS4 ,9 PRACTICE !Y ADOPT ! CORRECT ATTITUDE ( WANT+ TO LIQUIDATE ! ,/ATE 9 ECONOMIC SOCIETY1 ( SUB/ITUT+ USE-VALUE = PROP]TY CONDITIONS4 ,H5CE !Y CONCLUDE !IR PROPAG&A AS S\ND ,M>XIANS4 ,?IS IS ESPECIALLY TRUE ( ,MO/1 :O RECONCIL$ ! TEA*+ ( ,BAKUN9 & ,M>X 9 HIS CLASSIC ROBU/ PROLET>IAN PROPAG&A4 ,BAKUN9'S ASPIRATION AS TO SOCIAL ORGANIZATION ALL ,COMMUNI/S %>E4 ,:5 HE REPUDIATES ,COMMUNISM = ,COLLECTIVISM1 IT IS CLE>1 )\T ! EXPLANATION ALREADY GIV51 ?AT HE IS GIV+ A DIFF]5T MEAN+ TO !SE T]MS FROM ?AT :I* WE GIVE TO !M4 ,HE IS EXPRESS+ HIS FE> ( DICTATOR%IP4 ,HE BELIEVES 9 ! UPSURGE ( VIOL5CE BUT WANTS IT ! 5D 9 A FREE SOCIETY4 ,?AT IS ! REVOLUTION TRIUMPHANT4 ,HE DOES NOT WANT VIOL5CE TO CONS]VE ITSELF 9TO A DICTATOR%IP4 ,TO HIS M9D ?IS IS ! NEGATION ( ! REVOLUTION & ! TRIUMPH ( REACTION4 ,! M5 :O W\LD EX]CISE A DICTATOR%IP1 ONCE ! REVOLUTION>Y UPHEAVAL HAS SEEM$ TO SUCCE$1 W\LD MO/ LIKELY BE ! V]Y P]SONS :O HAS OPPOS$ ! /RUGGLE4 ,DICTATOR%IP1 9 ,BAKUN9'S EYES MEANT ?AT ! CLASS /RUGGLE /ILL CONT9U$2 ?AT B\RGEOIS SOCIETY HAD NOT BE5 LIQUIDAT$2 ?AT A CONFLICT ( 9T]E/S /ILL PREVAIL$4 ,DICTATOR%IP W\LD NO 5D ?AT CONFLICT4 ,IT W\LD SACRIFICE ! REVOLUTION>Y TOIL]S TO ! 9T]E/S ( C\NT]-REVOLUTION>Y BUREAUCRACY & NEPM51 AS WE T]M !SE CREATURES S9CE ! TIME ( ,L594 ,BAKUN9 DID NOT ACCEPT ! !ORY ?AT A REVOLUTION>Y /ATE C\LD BE CREAT$1 ONLY ?AT IT MI<T WI!R AWAY4 ,TO HIM1 !RE WAS NO WI!R+-AWAY /ATE4 ,! /ATE MEANT A P]MAN5T AU?ORIT>IAN SOCIETY4 

,BAKUN9 DID NOT D5Y ?AT !RE MU/ BE A TRANSITIONAL P]IOD BETWE5 ,CAPITALISM-DE/ROY$ & ,COMMUNISM-A*IEV$4 ,DUR+ ?IS P]IOD ! WORK]S MU/ DEF5D & DEVELOP ! REVOLUTION & CRU% ! C\NT]-REVOLUTIONS4 ,EV]Y ACTION ( ! WORK+-CLASS W\LD HAVE TO BE CLASS-P[]-ACTION1 9 ORD] TO LIQUIDATE ! OP]ATIONS ( ! BEA/ ( PROP]TY1 TO DE/ROY P[] ! WORK]S MU/ BUILD & EXPRESS P[]4 ,BUT IT MU/ BE ! LIV+ P[] ( ACTION ( LIFE 9 REVOLT2 NOT ! DEAD P[] ( DECREES & A NEW /ATE AU?ORITY4 ,BAKUN9 DID NOT OBJECT TO ! DICTATOR%IP ( ACTION4 ,HE OBJECT$ TO ! P[] ( ACTION BE+ LO/ TO ! WORK]S 9 !IR 9DU/RIAL SOLID>ITY & A DICTATOR%IP E/ABLI%$ ON ! BASIS ( !IR SURR5D] TO AN EXT]NAL C5TRAL BUREAUCRACY1 ,/AL9ISM IS SAID TO EXPRESS ! DICTATOR%IP ( ! PROLET>IAT 9 ,RUSSIA4 ,IT HAS ABOLI%$ ! FACTORY ,SOVIET1 E/ABLI%$ WAGE DIFF]5CES & V>IATIONS ( /ATUS AMONG ! WORK]S1 & 9TRODUC$ ECONOMIC DIFF]5CES ?AT PROP]LY BELONG TO ! WORLD ( CAPITALI/ POLITICAL ECONOMY4 ,IT HAS SNE]$ AT FRE$OM ( SPEE* & ( ?\<T AS B\RGEOISE SUP]/ITIONS & HAS EXIL$ ,TROTSKY & ,RAKOVSKY AS 5EMIES ( ! REVOLUTION4 ,CONSID]+ !SE FACTS ,I ASK2 WAS ,BAKUN9 RI<T OR WRONG 9 HIS OPPOSITION TO ! /ATE & POLITICAL DICTATOR%IP8 

,HIS SPEE* TURN$ TO ! QUE/ION ( RELIGION4 ,IT WAS V]Y HAPPY1 BECAUSE ,BAKUN9 ALWAYS WROTE & SPOKE WELL ON ,GOD & ! IDEALI/S4 ,HIS HATR$ ( ! %AD[-WORLD WAS HIS ONE GREAT CONSI/5CY4 ,!RE IS NO NE$ TO CITE HIS REFLECTIONS S9CE !Y >E REPEAT$ 9 HIS IMMORTAL WORK 0,GOD & ! ,/ATE40 

,IT HAS BE5 SAID ?AT ,BAKUN9 WAS A D\BLE ,UTOPIAN4 ,HE ADD$ TO ,PR\DHON'S ,UTOPIA ( ,LIB]TY1 HIS [N ,UTOPIA ( ,EQUALITY4 ,HE WAS ,PR\DHON ADULT]AT$ BY ,M>X & ,M>X EXP\ND$ BY ,PR\DHON4 ,SOME FOLKS MAY CONSID] ?IS A JU/IFIABLE COMPLA9T4 ,TO MY M9D1 IT MEANS ?AT ,BAKUN9 IS & EXCELL5T GUIDE1 PHILOSOPH] & FRI5D TO ! CAUSE ( ,COMMUNISM4 

O ,*APT] #ad 3 ,SLAV ,AGA9/ ,TEUTON 

,H]Z51 AS HAS BE5 /AT$1 WAS ?AT ! NATURAL SON ( A RI* NOBLEMAN NAM$ ,IAKOVLEV & A ,/UTTG>DT LADY1 ,L\ISE ,HAAAG4 ,H]Z5'S NAME WAS A FANCY ONE & SIGNIFI$ A LOVE TOK54 0,H]Z5'S K9D0 MEANS 0*ILD ( ! HE>T40 ,HIS FA!R SP>$ NO EXP5SE 9 ! MATT] ( HIS $UCATION4 ,! RESULT WAS ?AT ,H]Z5 NOT M]ELY SPOKE CORRECTLY BUT BRILLIANTLY 9 ,RUSSIAN1 ,FR5*1 ,5GLI%1 & ,G]MAN4 ,DESPITE !SE ADVANTAGES HE APPEAL$ TO A ,RUSSIAN AUDI5CE ONLY4 ,9 #ahfe HE MET ,G>IBALDI 9 ,LONDON4 ,! EFFECT ( ?IS MEET+ WAS TO CONV9CE ,H]Z5 ?AT1 AS ,G>IBALDI WAS ! ,ITALIAN PATRIOT1 HE MU/ PROVE HIMSELF A ,RUSSIAN ONE4 ,UNLIKE ,H]Z51 ,BAKUN9 DEM&$ ! ,EUROPEAN /AGE4 ,HE REMA9$ ! ,SLAV AT HE>T & BE=E ! AUDI5CE ( ,9T]NATIONAL ,LABOR P>AD$ HIS HATR$ ( ! ,TEUTON4 ,! ,G]MANS1 HE DECL>$1 W]E AU?ORIT>IANS4 ,!IR SOCIALISM WAS A M5ACE4 ,DESPITE PHRASES ( EQUALITY & JU/ICE1 !Y W\LD BR+ ! WORK]S ( ! WORLD TO DISA/]4 ,AT HE>T ! ,TEUTON WAS A C\NT]-REVOLUTIONI/4 ,HE W\LD *ANGE2 BUT IT W\LD REQUIRE HALF-A-C5TURY ( FALSEHOOD & ILLUSION 5D+ 9 DEBACLE BE=E HE W\LD BE CONV]T$ TO REAL COMMUNISM & REALIZE ! NE$ ( REVOLUTION>Y /RUGGLE4 

,BAKUN9'S PAN-,SLAVISM WAS ! FATAL CONTRADICTION ?AT P>ALYZES HIS REVOLUTION>Y 5DEAVOR4 ,?IS WILL BE SE5 FROM HIS PAMPHLET1 0,ROMAN(F1 ,PUGATS*EFF1 OR ,PE/AL10 PUBLI%$ 9 #a#h#f#b4 ,9 ?IS1 HE ANN\NC$ HIS WILL+NESS TO MAKE PEACE ) ABSOLUTISM PROVID$ ?AT ! SON ( ! ,EMP]OR ,NI*OLAS W\LD CONS5T TO BE 0A GOOD & LOYAL ,CZ>10 A DEMOCRATIC RUL]1 & W\LD PUT HIMSELF 

AT ! HEAD ( A POPUL> ASSEMBLY 9 ORD] TO CON/ITUTE A NEW ,RUSSIAN1 & PLAY ! P>T ( ! SAVIOR ( ! ,SLAV PEOPLE4 

0,DOES ?IS ,ROMAN(F MEAN TO BE ! ,CZ> ( ! PEASANTS1 OR ! ,PET]SBURGIAN EMP]OR ( ! H\SE ( ,HOL/E9-,GOTTORP8 ,?IS QUE/ION WILL HAVE TO BE DECID$ SOON1 & !N WE %ALL KN[ :AT WE >E & :AT WE HAVE TO DO40 

,P]HAPS ,ALEX&] ,I,I4 OBJECT$ TO BE+ CLASSIFI$ ) ,PUGATS*EFF1 ! ,COSSACK :O HAD PRET5D$ TO BE ,PET] ,I,I,I4 & HAD PLAC$ HIMSELF AT ! HEAD ( ! PEASANT RIS+ ( #a#g#g#c2 & ,PE/AL1 ! REPUBLICAN CONSPIRATOR1 :O WAS HANG$ 9 #ahbf BY ,NI*OLAS4 ,P]HAPS ! ,CZ> M]ELY SCORN$ A REVOLUTION>Y SUGGE/ION4 ,RUL]S USUALLY TREAT REVOLUTIONI/S ) CONTEMPT UNTIL IT IS TOO LATE TO TREAT ) !M4 ,DEPOS$1 !Y HAVE TO PLEAD = M]CY AT ! FEET ( ! M5 ! =M]LY KICK$4 ,H[EV] ! ,CZ>'S SIL5CE BE EXPLA9$1 ! FACT ( IT ANG]$ ,BAKUN94 ,HE REP5T$ HIS TEMPOR>Y NOTION ( COMPROMISE & RETURN$ AGA9 TO ,NIHILISM4 ,HIS ,PAN-,SLAVISM MI<T HAVE REMA9$ 9 ABEYANCE BUT = ! \TBREAK ( ! ,FRANCO-,PRUSSIAN W> & ! ,G]MAN 9VASION ( ,FRANCE4 ,HIS ,RUSSIAN 5MITY ON ! ,G]MANIC RACE REVIV$4 ,LIKE HIS DISCIPLE1 ,KROPOTK9 9 #a#i#a#d4 ,BAKUN9 DECL>$ ! ,G]MANS TO BE ! 5EMIES ( MANK9D4 ,HE ADDRESS$ AN APPEAL TO ! PEASANTRY ( ALL C\NTRIES1 0TO COME TO DRIVE \T ! ,PRUSSIANS40 ,! CAUSE ( ,FRANCE1 HE SAID1 WAS ! CAUSE ( HUMANITY4 ,! (FICIAL ,MUSCOVITE ,PRESS AGRE$ ) HIM4 ,BAKUN9 WAS AT ONE ) RUL+ CLASS ,RUSSIA4 ,HE WAS ACT+ AS BECAME A ,RUSSIAN & A PATRIOT4 ,! COMPANY 9 :I* HE F\ND HIMSELF WAS NEI!R AN>*I/ NOR 9T]NATIONALI/4 ,IT IS TRUE ?AT HE UTT]$ SOME ?\<T !Y DID NOT APPRECIATE4 ,FUNDAM5TALLY1 HE ALLI$ HIMSELF ) !IR CAUSE4 

,BAKUN9 \TL9$ ! CASE AGA9/ ,G]MANY1 & 5UNCIAT$ HIS !ORY ( ! HI/ORIC MISSION ( ! ,FR5*1 9 HIS 0,LETT]S TO A ,FR5*MAN ,AB\T ! ,PRES5T ,CRISIS0 & HIS PAMPHLET ON 0,! ,KN\TO-,G]MANIC ,EMPIRE40 ,HE DIS[N$ NATIONALI/ & DECL>$ ?AT PATRIOTISM WAS A V]Y MEAN1 N>R[1 & 9T]E/$ PASSION4 ,IT WAS FUNDAM5TALLY 9HUMAN & CONS]V$ EXPLOITATIONS & PRIVILEGES4 ,IT WAS FO/]$ BY ! ,NAPOLEONS1 ,BISM>KS1 & ,CZ>S 9 ORD] TO DE/ROY ! FRE$OM ( NATIONS4 ,BY A /RANGE TURN ( ?\<T & TWI/ ( ! P5 ,BAKUN9 PROCE$$ FROM ?IS REASON+ TO D$UCE AN >GUM5T = ,FR5* PATRIOTISM AS OPPOS$ TO ,G]MAN4 ,HE SAID3 -- 

0,:5 ! MASSES BECOME PATRIOTIC !Y >E /UPID1 AS >E TO-DAY A P>T ( ! MASSES ( ,G]MANY1 :O LET !MSELVES BE SLAU<T]$ 9 T5S ( ?\S&S1 ) A SILLY 5?USIASM1 = ! TRIUMPH ( ?AT GREAT UNITY1 & = ! ORGANIZATION ( ?AT ,G]MAN ,EMPIRE1 :I*1 IF F\ND$ ON ! RU9S ( USURP$ ,FRANCE1 WILL BECOME ! TOMB ( ALL HOPES ( ! FUTURE40 

,IT MAY BE ?AT ,BAKUN9 WAS VISION+ ! FUTURE CORRECTLY4 ,MU* ( HIS PROPHECY AB\T ! P]IOD ( REACTION ?AT MU/ FOLL[ 

9 ! WAKE ( P>LIAM5T>Y SOCIALISM HAS BE5 JU/IFI$4 ,! SUBJECTION ( ! ,FR5* PROLET>IAT TO DEM&S ( ,NAPOLEON ,I,I,I4 WAS NOT ! CORRECT REVOLUTION>Y ANSW] TO ,PRUSSIAN MILIT>ISM4 ,IT WAS ! CONT9UATION ( MILIT>ISM & ! SURR5D] ( SOCIALISM TO REACTION4 ,! PROBLEM MAY HAVE BE5 DIFFICULT4 ,IT WAS ,BAKUN9'S BUS9ESS TO F9D A CORRECT REVOLUTION>Y ANSW] OR ELSE TO KEEP SIL5T4 ,9/EAD1 HE %AV$ HI/ORY %AMEFULLY SO AS TO OPPOSE ! ,FRANCE ( #agic TO ! ,G]MANY ( ,BISM>CK4 ,! ,FRANCE ( ,NAPOLEON1 ( ,B\RBON ROYALISM & ( B\RGEOISIE REPUBLICANISM WAS DISMISS$ FROM VIEW4 ,HE PICTUR$ ! WORLD AS WAIT+ ON ! 9ITIATION ( ,FRANCE = ITS ADVANCE T[>DS LIB]TY1 EQUALITY & FRAT]NITY4 ,FRANCE WAS TO DRIVE BACK ,G]MANY1 EXILE H] TRAITOR (FICIALS & 9AUGURATE SOCIALISM4 ,SAID ,BAKUN93 -- 

0,:AT ,I W\LD CONSID] A GREAT MIS=TUNE = ! :OLE ( HUMANITY W\LD BE ! DEFEAT & DEA? ( ,FRANCE AS A GREAT NATIONAL MANIFE/ATION3 ! DEA? ( ITS GREAT NATIONAL *>ACT]1 ! ,FR5* SPIRIT2 ( ! C\RAGE\S1 H]OIC 9/9CTS1 ( ! REVOLUTION>Y D>+1 :I* TOOK ) /ORM1 9 ORD] TO DE/ROY1 ALL AU?ORITIES ?AT HAD BE5 MADE HOLY BY HI/ORY1 ALL P[] ( HEAV5 & E>?4 ,IF ?AT GREAT HI/ORICAL NATURE CALL$ ,FRANCE %\LD BE MISS$ AT ?IS H\R1 IF IT %\LD DISAPPE> FROM ! WORLD SC5E2 OR--:AT W\LD BE MU* WORSE--IF ! SPIRIT$ & DEVELOP$ NATURE %\LD FALL SUDD5LY FROM ! HONOR$ HEI<T :I* %E HAS ATTA9$1 ?ANKS TO ! WORK ( H]OIC G5IUS ( PA/ G5]ATIONS -- 9TO ! ABYSS1 & CONT9UE H] EXI/5CE AS ,BISM>CK'S SLAVE3 A T]RIBLE EMPT9ESS WILL 5GULF ! :OLE WORLD4 ,IT W\LD BE MORE ?AN A NATIONAL CATA/ROPHE4 ,IT W\LD BE A WORLD- WIDE MIS=TUNE1 A UNIV]SAL DEFEAT40 

,IT IS ONLY NECESS>Y TO ADD ?AT ,BAKUN9 HAD TO ATTACK ! GREAT 0,FR5* SPIRIT0 ?AT MURD]$ 9 COLD BLOOD ! ,COMMUN>DS 9 ! ,MAY-,JUNE DAYS ( #a#h#g#a4 ,ON ! O!R SIDE1 ,M>X1 :O ALSO EULOGIZ$ ! ,COMMUN>DS1 HAD DECL>$ = ! ,G]MAN SPIRIT ( ORD] & SAW 9 ! ,FR5* DISA/] NOT SO MU* ! DEFEAT ( ,NAPOLEON ,I,I,I4 OR ! TRIUMPH ( ! ,PRUSSIAN ,KAIS] BUT ! DEFEAT ON ! 9T]NATIONAL FIELD ( ?\<T ( ,PR\DHON & ! TRIUMPH ( ,M>X4 ,!SE ,GODS6 ,H[ !Y NOD6 

,BAKUN9 BELIEV$ 9 ! ,RUSSIAN NATIONALISM1 B\ND ON ! EA/ BY ! ,T>T>S1 & ON ! WE/ BY ! ,G]MANS4 ,?IS MEANT BELIEV+ 9 ! ,G]MAN NATION1 B\ND$ ON ! WE/ BY ,FRANCE1 & ON ! EA/ BY ,RUSSIA4 ,IT MEANT ! /ATUS QUO4 ,HE WAS UPHOLD+ ! ,/ATES ( ,EUROPE4 ,YET HE WROTE3 -- 

0,USURPATION IS NOT ONLY ! \TCOME1 BUT ! HI<E/ AIM ( ALL /ATES1 L>GE OR SMALL1 P[]FUL OR WEAK1 DESPOTIC OR LIB]AL1 MON>*IC1 >I/OCRATIC1 OR DEMOCRATIC444 ,IT FOLL[S ?AT ! W> ( ONE ,/ATE UPON ANO!R IS A NECESSITY & COMMON FACT1 & EV]Y P5CE IS ONLY A PROVISIONAL TRUCE40 

,?IS IDEA WAS NOT WORK$ \T AT SOME O!R TIME1 UND] DIFF]5T CIRCUM/ANCES1 BUT 9 !SE 0,LETT]S TO A ,FR5*MAN0 EULOGIZ+ ! NATIONAL SPIRIT4 ,HE ASS]T$ ?AT ALL ,/ATES W]E BAD1 & !RE C\LD BE NO VIRTU\S ,/ATE3 -- 

0,:O SAYS ,/ATE1 SAYS P[]1 OPPRESSION1 EXPLOITATION1 9JU/ICE -- ALL !SE E/ABLI%$ AS ! PREVAIL+ SY/EM & AS ! FUNDAM5TAL CONDITIONS ( ! EXI/+ SOCIETY4 ,! ,/ATE NEV] HAD A MORALITY1 & CAN NEV] HAVE ONE4 ,ITS ONLY MORALITY & JU/ICE IS ITS [N ADVANTAGE1 ITS [N EXI/5CE1 & ITS [N OMNIPOT5CE AT ANY PRICE4 ,BE=E !SE 9T]E/1 ALL 9T]E/S ( MANK9D MU/ DISAPPE>4 ,! ,/ATE IS ! NEGATION ( MANK9D40 

0,SO LONG AS !RE IS A ,/ATE1 W> WILL NEV] CEASE4 ,EA* ,/ATE MU/ OV]COME OR BE OV]COME4 ,EA* ,/ATE MU/ F\ND ITS P[] ON ! WEAKNESS1 &1 IF IT CAN1 )\T DANG] TO ITSELF1 ON ! ABROGATION ( O!R ,/ATES4 ,TO /RIVE = AN ,9T]NATIONAL JU/ICE & FRE$OM & LA/+ PEACE1 & !RE) SEEK ! MA9T5ANCE ( ! ,/ATE1 IS A RIDICUL\S NAIVETE40 

,BAKUN9 HAD TO ESCAPE ?IS V]Y *>GE ( RIDICUL\S NAIVETE4 

O ,*APT] #ae 3 ,M>X & ,BAKUN93 ,AN ,E/IMATE 

,BAKUN9 CLOS$ HIS /ORMY C>E] AT ,B]NE1 ON ! #a/ ,JULY #a#h#g#f4 ,HE HAD F\ND$ ! SOCIAL DEMOCRATIC ALLIANCE & BE5 EXPELL$ FROM ! ,M>XI/ ,9T]NATIONAL4 ,IT WAS DECID$ AT HIS FUN]AL TO RECONCILE ! SOCIAL DEMOCRATS & ! AN>*I/S 9 ONE ASSOCIATION4 ,FRAT]NAL GREET+S W]E EX*ANG$ BETWE5 ! ,JURA F$]ATION1 ASSEMBL$ AT ,*AUX-DE ,FONDS1 & ! ,G]MAN SOCIAL DEMOCRATIC CONGRESS AT ,GO?A4 ,AT ! EI<? 9T]NATIONAL CONGRESS1 AT ,B]NE1 9 ,OCTOB]1 ! SOCIAL DEMOCRATS & ! AN>*I/S MET & EXPRESS$ ! DESIRE ?AT ALL SOCIALI/S %\LD TREAT EA* O!R ) MUTUAL CONSID]ATION & COMPLETE COMMON UND]/&+4 ,A BANQUETS CONCLUDE ?IS CONGRESS4 ,CAF]IO1 ! DISCIPLE ( ,BAKUN91 DRANK TO ,M>XISM & ! ,G]MAN SOCIALI/S4 ,DE ,PAEPE1 ! ,M>XI/1 TOA/$ ! MEMORY ( ,BAKUN94 ,ALL ,BAKUN9'S FI]Y WORDS AGA9/ ! ,/ATE1 HIS TALK ( ! REVOLUTION1 HIS HURRY+ ACROSS ,EUROPE TO BOO/ FIR/ ONE !N ANO!R 9SURRECTION HAD 5D$ SEEM+LY 9 VAPOR1 SMOKE6 ,ALL ,M>X0S 9SURRECTIONAL POLITICS1 HIS OPPOSITION TO ! P>LIAM5T>Y JO9T /OCK REPUBLIC1 HIS FAI? 9 ! ,COMMUNE & NOT ! EMPIRE1 SEEM$ VANITIES4 ,M>X WAS NOT RECONCIL$ ) ,BAKUN9 AT !SE CONF]5CES4 ,! FUNDAM5TAL REVOLUTION>Y 9SPIRATION ( BO? W]E MADE SUBSIDI>Y TO ! P>LIAM5T>Y IDEAS ( ,LASSALLE1 FROM :OM ! SOCIAL DEMOCRATS DREW ! FATAL 9SPIRATION4 ,S9CE ! DAYS ( ! ,COMMUNE ! SLOGAN ( ,LASSALLE1 0,?R\< UNIV]SAL SUFFRAGE TO VICTORY10 HAS BE5 SUB/ITUT$ = ,M>X'S MAGNIFIC5T3 0,WORK]S ( ALL L&S1 UNITE6 ,Y\ HAVE NO?+ TO LOSE BUT Y\R *A9S6 ,Y\ HAVE A WORLD TO GA960 

0,TO SET AB\T TO MAKE A REVOLUTION10 SAID ,LASSALLE1 0IS ! FOLLY ( IMMATURE M9DS1 :I* HAVE NO NOTION ( ! LAWS ( HI/ORY40 ,?US HE 9T]PRET$ ! EV5TS ( #ahdh AS AN >GUM5T = DIRECT UNIV]SAL SUFFRAGE4 ,?US HIS DISCIPLES 9T]PRET$ ! EV5TS ( #a#h#g#a4 ,BELIEV+ ?AT IT UND]/OOD ! LAWS ( HI/ORY ! ,EUROPEAN SOCIAL DEMOCRACY BURI$ SOCIALISM & ATTEMPT$ TO 

MURD] \TRI<T ! ,EUROPEAN PROLET>IAT 9 ! WORLD WAS ( #aiad TO #a#i#a#h4 ,! W> 5D$1 IT HAD GIV5 BIR? TO ,FASCISM4 ,) ?IS HOPELESS MOVEM5T ( MIDDLE-CLASS SUFFRAGE1 ! AN>*I/S S]I\SLY ?\<T ( ID5TIFY+ !MSELVES4 ,!Y IMAG9$ SU* AS ALLIANCE TO BE AN HONOR TO ,BAKUN91 JU/ AS ! ,M>XI/S ?\<T !Y W]E HONOR+ ,M>X BY REPUDIAT+ HIS REVOLUTION>Y PR9CIPLES4 

0,& SO Y\ ?9K ?AT ,M>X & ,BAKUN9 W]E AT ONE10 SAID MY FRI5D4 

0,YES10 ,I REPLI$1 0,I ?9K ?AT !Y W]E AT ONE4 ,I BELIEVE ?AT !Y W]E ONE 9 PURPOSE & 9 ASPIRATION4 ,BUT !Y ACCOMPLI%$ DI/9CT TASKS & S]V$ DIFF]5T FUNCTIONS4 ,IT W\LD NOT DO = US ALL TO ACT ! SAME P>T4 ,FITT$ BY TEMP]AM5T TO 5ACT A PECULI> ROLE1 EA* MAN FELT HIS WORK TO BE A SPECIAL CALL1 ! ONE AIM ( LIFE4 ,?IS DEVELOP$ /RONG P]SONALITY4 ,& :5 ! TWO /RONG P]SONALITIES CAME 9TO CONFLICT ?R\< ! NATURE ( !IR RESPECTIVE TASKS1 ! NATURAL ANTAGONISMS ( !IR TEMP]AM5T DISPLAY$ !MSELVES4 ,!N CAME FOOLS1 :O CALL$ !MSELVES DISCIPLES ( ! WISE M51 & MAGNIFI$ !IR ACCID5TAL COLLISIONS 9TO VITAL DISCORDS ( PURPOSE4 ,DO WE NOT KN[ ! FRI5D :O P]SUADES US TO QU>REL8 ,& DO WE NOT KN[ ! 'DISCIPLES' :O >E ACTUALLY /REET BRAWL]S ( A REF9$ ORD]8 ,M>X & ,BAKUN9 HAVE SUFF]$ AT ! H&S ( !SE M5TAL NUMSKULLS4 

0,BUT H[ W\LD Y\ DEF9E ! DIFF]5CE BETWE5 ! TWO M510 PURSU$ MY FRI5D4 

0,V]Y EASILY10 ,I ANSW]$1 0,M>X ,D,E,F,9,$ ! ,SOCIAL ,REVOLUTION1 :IL/ ,BAKUN9 ,E,X,P,R,E,S,S,$ IT4 ,! FIR/ /OOD = ! 9V9CIBLE LOGIC ( ! CAUSE4 ,! SECOND CONC5TRAT$ 9 HIS [N P]SON ITS UNQU5*ABLE SPIRIT4 ,M>X WAS AN IMPREGNABLE ROCK ( FIR/ PR9CIPLES1 REMORSELESSLY COMPOS$ ( FACTS4 ,HE DW>F$ ! 9TELLIG5CE ( ,CAPITALI/ SOCIETY & WITNESS$ TO ! 9DE/RUCTABILITY ( ,SOCIALISM4 ,HE 9C>NAT$ ! PROLET>IAN UPHEAVAL4 ,HE WAS ! IMMOVABLE M\NTA9 ( ! REVOLUTION4 ,BAKUN91 ON ! O!R H&1 WAS ! TEMPE/4 ,HE SYMBOLIZ$ ! COM+ FLOOD4 ,BO? W]E GREAT BRAVE M52 & TOGE!R !Y GAVE COMPLET5ESS TO ! C]TITUDE ( REVOLUTION4 ,!Y PROMIS$ SUCCESS BY L& & BY WAT]4 ,!Y SYMBOLIZ$ 9EXHAU/IBLE PATI5CE1 UNWE>Y+ /ABILITY1 9EVITABLE GR[?1 & TIRELESS1 RESI/LESS ATTACK4 ,:O CAN CONCEIVE ( A WORLD NOT MADE UP ( L& & WAT]8 ,:O CAN CONCEIVE ( ! ,SOCIAL ,REVOLUTION )\T ! WORK ( ,M>S & ,BAKUN98 

,BUT MY FRI5D WAS NOT CONV9C$1 SO WE TURN$ TO O!R SUBJECTS4 

O ,APP5DIX #a 3 ,M>X & ,BAKUN9 

,MANY COMRADES HAVE F\ND IT H>D TO UND]/& ! DIFF]5CE BETWE5 ,M>X & ,BAKUN94 ,! /ORY IS V]Y SIMPLE & CAN BE TOLD CLE>LY4 

,DUR+ HIS IMPRISONM5T & EXILE1 ,BAKUN9 WAS ATTACK$ BY ,M>X & ! LATT]'S FRI5DS4 ,BAKUN9 SUMM>IZ$ ! ATTACK3 -- 

0,:ILE ,I WAS HAV+ A F> FROM AMUS+ TIME 9 ,G]MAN & ,RUSSIAN =TRESSES1 & 9 ,SIB]IA1 ,M>X & ,CO4 W]E P$DL+1 CLAMOR+ FROM ! H\SETOPS1 PUBLI%+ 9 ,5GLI% & ,G]MAN NEWSPAP]S1 ! MO/ ABOM9ABLE RUMORS AB\T ME4 ,!Y SAID ?AT IT WAS UNTRUE TO DECL>E ?AT ,I HAD BE5 IMPRISON$ 9 A =TRESS1 ?AT1 ON ! CONTR>Y1 ,CZ> ,NI*OLAS HAD RECEIV$ ME ) OP5 >MS1 HAD PROVID$ ME ) ALL POSSIBLE CONV5I5CES & 5JOYM5TS1 ?AT ,I WAS ABLE TO AMUSE MYSELF ) LI<T WOM51 & HAD A ABUNDANCE ( *AMPAGNE TO DR9K4 ,?IS WAS 9FAM\S1 BUT IT WAS ALSO /UPID40 

,AFT] ,BAKUN9 >RIV$ 9 ,LONDON1 9 #a#h#f#a1 & SETTL$ D[N TO HIS WORK ON ,H]Z5'S ,KOLOKOL 1 AN ,5GLI% NEWSPAP] PUBLI%$ A /ATEM5T BY A MAN NAM$ ,URQUH>T1 DECL>+ ?AT ,BAKUN9 *ALL5G$ HIS CALUMNIATOR & HE>D NO MORE ( ! MATT]4 ,9 ,NOVEMB]1 #a#h#f#d1 ,BAKUN9 HAD AN 9T]VIEW ) ,M>X 9 ,LONDON4 ,BAKUN9 DESCRIB$ ! 9T]VIEW 9 ! FOLL[+ T]MS3 -- 

0,AT ?AT TIME ,I HAD A LITTLE NOTE FROM ,M>X1 9 :I* HE ASK$ ME :E!R HE C\LD COME TO SEE ME ! NEXT DAY4 ,I ANSW]$ 9 ! AFFIRMATIVE1 & HE CAME4 ,WE HAD AN EXPLANATION4 ,HE SAID ?AT HE HAD NEV] SAID OR DONE ANY?+ AGA9/ ME2 ?AT1 ON ! CONTR>Y1 HE HAD ALWAYS BE5 MY TRUE FRI5D1 & HAD RETA9$ GREAT RESPECT = ME4 ,I KNEW ?AT HE WAS LY+1 BUT ,I REALLY NO LONG] BORE ANY GRUDGE AGA9/ HIM4 ,! R5EWAL ( ! ACQUA9TANCE%IP 9T]E/$ ME MOREOV]1 9 ANO!R CONNECTION4 ,I KNEW ?AT HE HAD TAK5 A GREAT P>T 9 ! F\NDATION ( ! ,9T]NATIONAL4 ,I HAD READ ! MANIFE/O WRITT5 BY HIM 9 ! NAME ( ! PROVISIONAL ,G5]AL ,C\NCIL1 A MANIFE/O :I* WAS WEI<TY1 E>NE/1 & PR(\ND1 LIKE EV]Y?+ ?AT CAME FROM HIS P5 :5 HE WAS NOT 5GAG$ 9 P]SONAL POLEMIC4 ,9 A WORD1 WE P>T$1 \TW>DLY1 ON ! BE/ ( T]MS1 AL?\< ,I DID NOT RETURN HIS VISIT40 

,WRIT+ TO ,5GELS1 UND] DATE1 ,NOVEMB] #d1 #a#h#f#d1 ,M>X SAYS3 -- 

0,BAKUN9 WI%ES TO BE REMEMB]$ TO Y\4 ,HE HAS LEFT = ,ITALY TO-DAY4 ,I SAW HIM YE/]DAY EV5+ ONCE MORE1 = ! FIR/ TIME AFT] SIXTE5 YE>S4 ,HE SAID ?AT AFT] ! FAILURE 9 ,POL& HE %\LD 9 FUTURE1 CONF9E HIMSELF TO P>TICIPATION 9 ! ,SOCIALI/ ,MOVEM5T4 ,ON ! :OLE HE IS ONE ( ! FEW P]SONS :OM ,I F9D NOT TO HAVE RETROGRESS$ AFT] SIXTE5 YE>S1 BUT TO HAVE DEVELOP$ FUR!R4 ,I HAD A TALK ) HIM ALSO AB\T ,URQUH>T'S D5UNCIATIONS40 

,BAKUN9 WANT$ TO BE ON GOOD T]MS ) ,M>X1 = ! SAKE ( BUILD+ UP ! ,9T]NATIONAL4 ,HE DESIR$ TO DEVOTE HIMSELF H5CE=W>D EXCLUSIVELY TO ! ,SOCIALI/ ,MOVEM5T4 ,?IS WAS DIFFICULT BECAUSE ( ,M>X'S 9JU/ICE4 ,BAKUN9 TELLS ! /ORY ?US3 -- 

0,9 ! YE> #a#h#d#h1 ,M>X & ,I HAD A DIFF]5CE ( OP9ION1 & ,I MU/ SAY ?AT HE WAS F> MORE 9 ! RI<T ( IT ?AN ,I4 ,9 ,P>IS & ,BRUSSELS HAD HAD F\ND$ A SECTION ( ,G]MAN ,COMMUNI/S1 & HAD1 9 ALLIANCE ) ! ,FR5* & A FEW ,5GLI% ,COMMUNI/S1 SUPPORT$ BY HIS FRI5D & 9SEP>ABLE COMRADE1 ,5GELS1 F\ND$ 9 ,LONDON ! FIR/ 9T]NATIONAL ASSOCIATION ( ,COMMUNI/S ( V>I\S L&S444 ,I 1 MYSELF1 ! FUMES ( ! REVOLUTION>Y MOVEM5T 9 ,EUROPE HAV+ GONE TO MY HEAD1 HAD BE5 MU* MORE 9T]E/$ 9 ! NEGATIVE ?AN 9 ! POSITIVE SIDE ( ?IS REVOLUTION1 HAD BE51 ?AT IS TO SAY1 MU* MORE CONC]N$ ) ! OV]?R[ ( ! EXTANT ?AN ) ! QUE/ION ( ! UPBUILD+ & ORGANIZATION ( :AT WAS TO FOLL[4 ,BUT !RE WAS ONE PO9T 9 :I* ,I WAS RI<T & HE WAS WRONG4 ,AS A ,SLAV1 ,I WANT$ ! LIB]ATION ( ! ,SLAV RACE FROM ! ,G]MAN YOKE4 ,I WANT$ ?IS LIB]ATION TO BE BR\<T AB\T BY ! REVOLUTION1 ?AT IS TO SAY BY ! DE/RUCTION ( ! REGIME ( ,RUSSIA1 ,AU/RIA1 ,PRUSSIA1 & ,TURKEY1 & BY ! RE-ORGANIZATION ( ! PEOPLES FROM BEL[ UPW>DS ?R\< !IR [N FRE$OM1 UPON ! F\NDATION ( COMPLETE ECONOMIC & SOCIAL EQUALITY1 & NOT ?R\< ! P[] ( ANY AU?ORITY1 H[EV] REVOLUTION>Y IT MI<T CALL ITSELF1 & H[EV] 9TELLIG5T IT MI<T 9 FACT BE4 

0,ALREADY1 AT ?IS DATE1 ! DIFF]5CE BETWE5 \R RESPECTIVE SY/EMS 7A DIFF]5CE :I* N[ SEV]S US 9 A WAY ?AT1 ON MY SIDE1 HAS BE5 V]Y C>EFULLY ?\<T \T7 WAS WELL M>K$4 ,MY IDEALS & ASPIRATIONS C\LD NOT FAIL TO BE V]Y DISPLEAS+ TO ,M>X4 ,FIR/ ( ALL1 BECAUSE !Y W]E NOT HIS [N2 SECONDLY1 BECAUSE !Y RAN C\NT] TO ! CONVICTIONS ( ! AU?ORIT>IAN ,COMMUNI/S2 & F9ALLY1 BECAUSE1 BE+ A ,G]MAN PATRIOT1 HE W\LD NOT ADMIT !N1 ANY MORE ?AN HE DOES TO-DAY1 ! RI<T ( ! ,SLAVS TO FREE !MSELVES FROM ! ,G]MAN YOKE- = /ILL1 AS ( OLD1 HE ?9KS ?AT ! ,G]MANS HAVE A MISSION TO CIVILIZE ! ,SLAVS1 ?IS MEAN+ TO ,G]MANIZE !M :E!R BY K9DNESS OR =CE4 

0,TO PUNI% ME = BE+ SO BOLD AS TO AIM A REALIZ+ AN IDEA DIFF]5T FROM & 9DE$ ACTUALLY OPPOS$ TO HIS1 ,M>X !N REV5G$ HIMSELF AFT] HIS [N FA%ION4 ,HE WAS $ITOR ( ! ,NEUE ,RHE9IS*E ,ZEITUNG PUBLI%$ 9 ,COLOGNE4 ,9 ONE ( ! ISSUES ( ?AT PAP] ,I READ 9 ! ,P>IS CORRESPOND5CE ?AT ,MADAME ,GEORGE ,S&1 ) :OM ,I HAD =M]LY BE5 ACQUA9T$1 WAS SAID TO HAVE TOLD SOME ONE IT WAS NECESS>Y TO BE CAUTI\S 9 DEAL+ ) ,BAKUN91 = IT WAS QUITE POSSIBLE ?AT HE WAS SOME SORT ( ,RUSSIAN AG5T40 

,! ,MORN+ ,ADV]TIZ]1 = ,SEPTEMB] #a1 #a#h#e#c1 PUBLI%$ ! /ATEM5T BY ,M>X ?AT1 ON ,JULY #e1 #a#h#d#h1 ! ,NEUE ,RHE9IS*E ,ZEITUNG RECEIV$ TWO LETT]S FROM ,P>IS1 DECL>+ ?AT ,GEORGE ,S& POSSESS$ LETT]S COMPROMIS+ ,BAKUN91 0%[+ ?AT HE HAD REC5TLY BE5 9 COMMUNICATION ) ! ,RUSSIAN GOV]NM5T40 ,ONE WAS FROM ,HAVAS ,BUREAU1 & ! O!R FROM ,DR4 ,EW]BECK1 SOMETIME LEAD] ( ! ,F$]ATION ( ! ,JU/4 

,BAKUN9 DESCRIB$ ! EFFECT ( ?IS ACCUSATION & HIS REACTION TO IT3- 

0,! ACCUSATION WAS LIKE A TILE FALL+ FROM A RO( UPON MY HEAD1 AT ! V]Y TIME :5 ,I WAS FULLY IMM]S$ 9 REVOLUTION>Y ORGANIZATION1 & IT COMPLETELY P>ALYZ$ MY ACTIVITIES = SEV]AL WEEKS4 ,ALL MY ,G]MAN & ,SLAV FRI5DS F\<T %Y ( ME4 ,I WAS ! FIR/ ,RUSSIAN TO CONC]N HIMSELF ACTIVELY ) REVOLUTION>Y WORK1 & IT IS NE$LESS = ME TO TELL Y\ :AT FEEL+S ( TRADITIONAL MI/RU/ W]E ACCU/OM$ TO >ISE 9 WE/]N M9DS :5 ! WORDS ,RUSSIAN REVOLUTIONI/ W]E M5TION$4 ,9 ! FIR/ 9/ANCE1 !RE=E1 ,I WROTE TO ,MADAME ,S&40 

,BAKUN9'S LIFE AS AN AGITATOR1 HIS 9SECURITY ( EXI/5CE1 HIS 5TIRE MANN] ( LIV+ R5D]$ IT EASY TO UND]M9D HIS PRE/IGE BY S[+ SUSPICION4 ,?IS WAS ALSO ! POLICY ( ! ,RUSSIAN ,EMBASSY4 ,9 ORD] TO REPLY TO ,M>X & ! ,CZ>I/ TRADUC]S1 ,BAKUN9 WROTE TO ,GEORGE ,S&4 ,! TEXT ( ,GEORGE ,S&'S LETT] TO ! ,ZEITUNG1 DAT$ ,AUGU/ #c1 #a#i#d#h1 IS REPRODUC$ 9 MY ,PIONE]S ( ,ANTI-,P>LIAM5T>ISM 70,WORD0 ,LIBR>Y1 #a/ ,S]IES1 ,NO4#g74 ,H] DECL>ATION REHABILITAT$ ,BAKUN9 AS A REVOLUTION>Y & A VICTIM ( SL&]\S CONSPIRACY4 

,SL&] NEV] DIES4 ,9 #a#h#f#c1 :5 HE WAS AB\T TO 5T] ,SWITZ]L&1 A ,BASLE PAP] DECL>$ ?AT HE HAS 9VOLV$ ,POLI% REFUGEES 9 DISA/] :IL/ REMA9+ IMMUNE4 ,G]MAN ,SOCIALI/ 7SIC7 P]IODICALS CON/ANTLY SL&]$ HIM4 ,M>X NEV] MISS$ A *ANCE ( SPEAK+ AGA9/ HIM4 

,OTTO ,RUHLE HAS DESCRIB$ H[ ,M>X WROTE TO A Y\NG ,RUSSIAN SEEK+ 9=MATION REG>D+ ,BAKUN94 ,= REASONS ( CONSPIRACY1 ,M>X REF]R$ TO ,BAKUN9 AS 0MY OLD FRI5D1 ,BAKUN9-,I DON'T KN[ IF HE IS /ILL MY FRI5D 40 ,M>X P]SUAD$ TOO WELL3 = HIS CORRESPOND5T =W>D$ ! LETT] TO ,BAKUN94 ,M>X COMPLA9$ ( ! RESULT3 0,BAKUN9 AVAIL$ HIMSELF ( ! CIRCUM/ANCES TO EXCUSE A S5TIM5TAL 5TREE40 

,RUBLE COMM5TS3- 

0,?IS S5TIM5TAL 5TREE NOT ONLY R$\ND$ TO ,BAKUN9'S CR$IT1 NOT ONLY %[$ HIS GOOD FEEL+ & HIS 9SI<T1 BUT DES]V$ A BETT] RECEPTION FROM ,M>X ?AN ! BIT+ CYNICISM & ! D]OGATORY 9SOL5CE :I* IT WAS 5C\NT]$ 7CYNICISM & 9SOL5CE :I* W]E ONLY MASKS = EMB>RASSM5T740 

,BAKUN9 WROTE3- 

0Y\ ASK :E!R ,I AM /ILL Y\R FRI5D4 ,YES1 MORE ?AN EV]1 MY DE> ,M>X1 = ,I UND]/& BETT] ?AN EV] H[ RI<T Y\ W]E TO WALK ALONG ! BROAD ROAD ( ! ECONOMIC REVOLUTION1 TO 9VITE US ALL TO FOLL[ Y\1 & TO D5\NCE ALL ?OSE :O W&]$ (F 9TO ! BYWAYS ( NATIONALI/ OR EXCLUSIVELY POLITICAL 5T]PRISE4 ,I AM N[ DO+ :AT Y\ BEGAN TO DO MORE ?AN TW5TY YE>S AGO4 ,S9CE ,I =MALLY & PUBLICLY SAID GOOD-BYE TO ! B\RGEOIS ( ! ,B]NE CONGRESS1 ,I KN[ NO O!R SOCIETY1 NO O!R MILIEU ?AN ! WORLD ( ! WORK]S4 ,MY FA!RL& IS N[ ! ,9T]NATIONAL1 :OSE *IEF F\ND] Y\ HAVE BE54 ,Y\ SEE1 !N1 DE> FRI5D1 ?AT ,I AM Y\R PUPIL-- & ,I AM PR\D TO BE ?IS4 ,I ?9K ,I HAVE SAID 5\< TO MAKE MY P]SONAL POSITION & FEEL+S CLE> TO Y\40 

,BAKUN9 MET ,M>X ) SIMPLICITY & FRI5D%IP4 

,RUHLE PO9TS \T ?AT ,BAKUN9 5DEAVOR$ HONE/LY TO BE ON GOOD T]MS ) ,M>X & TO AVOID FRICTION4 ,HE ADDS ?AT ,BAKUN9 LOV$ ! PEASANTS & DETE/$ 9TELLECTUALISM & AB/RACT SY/EMS1 ) !IR DOGMATISM & 9TOL]ANCE4 ,HE HAT$ ! MOD]N ,/ATE1 9DU/RIALISM1 & C5TRALIZATION4 ,HE HAD ! MO/ 9T5SE DISLIKE = ,JUDAISM1 :I* HE CONSID]$ LOQUACI\S1 9TRIGU+1 & EXPLOITATIVE4 ,ALL ?AT AU?ORITY & !ORIZ+ = :I* HE HAD AN 9/9CTIVE ABHORR5CE W]E1 = HIM1 9CORPORAT$ 9 ,M>X4 ,HE F\ND ,M>X'S SELF-E/EEM 9TOL]ABLE4 ,YET HE MA/]$ HIS SPIRITUAL REPUGNANCE & ANTAGONISM = ! SAKE ( BUILD+ ! MOVEM5T ( /RUGGLE T[>DS ,FRE$OM1 FROM LOYALTY TO ! WORK]S1 & FROM A S5SE ( JU/ICE TO ,M>X'S WOR? AS A MA/] 9 ! /RUGGLE4 ,BAKUN9'S LOYALTY & ASPIRATION AFT] FRI5D%IP W]E MAGNIFIC5T4 ,IT L5T HIM A /ATURE ?AT DW>FS ! 5VI\S & CONTEMPTIBLE ,M>X 9TO A M]E PYGMY4 ,) JU/ICE1 ,BAKUN9 SAYS ( ,M>X & HIS POLITICAL CIRCLE3- 

0,M>X LOV$ HIS [N P]SON MU* MORE ?AN HE LOV$ HIS FRI5DS & APO/LES1 & NO FRI5D%IP C\LD HOLD WAT] AGA9/ ! SLI<TE/ W\ND TO HIS VANITY4 ,HE W\LD F> MORE READILY =GIVE 9FIDELITY TO HIS PHILOSOPHICAL & SOCIALI/ SY/EM444,M>X WILL NEV] =GIVE A SLI<T TO HIS P]SON4 ,Y\ MU/ WOR%IP HIM1 MAKE AN IDOL ( HIM1 IF HE IS TO LOVE Y\ 9 RETURN2 Y\ MU/ AT LEA/ FE> HIM1 IF HE IS TO TOL]ATE Y\4 ,HE LIKES TO SURR\ND HIMSELF ) PYGMIES1 ) LACKEYS & FLATT]]S4 ,ALL ! SAME1 !RE >E SOME REM>KABLE M5 >\ND HIS 9TIMATES4 

0,9 G5]AL1 H[EV]1 ONE MAY SAY ?AT 9 ! CIRCLE ( ,M>X'S 9TIMATES !RE IS V]Y LITTLE BRO!RLY FRANKNESS1 BUT A GREAT DEAL ( MA*9ATION & DIPLOMACY4 ,!RE IS A SORT ( TACIT /RUGGLE1 & A COMPROMISE BETWE5 ! SELF-LOVES ( ! V>I\S P]SONS CONC]N$2 & :]E VANITY IS AT WORK1 !RE IS NO LONG] PLACE = BRO!RLY FEEL+4 ,EV]Y ONE IS ON HIS GU>D1 IS AFRAID ( BE+ SACRIFIC$1 ( BE+ ANNIHILAT$4 ,M>X'S CIRCLE IS A SORT ( MUTUAL ADMIRATION SOCIETY4 ,M>X IS ! *IEF DI/RIBUTOR ( HONORS1 BUT IS ALSO 9V>IABLY P]FIDI\S & MALICI\S1 ! NEV] FRANK & OP51 9CIT] TO ! P]SECUTION ( ?OSE :OM HE SUSPECTS1 OR :O GAVE HAD ! MIS=TUNE ( FALL+ TO %[ ALL ! V5]ATION HE EXPECTS4 

0,AS SOON AS HE HAS ORD]$ A P]SECUTION1 !RE IS NO LIMIT TO ! BAS5ESS & 9FAMY ( ! ME?OD4 ,HIMSELF A ,JEW1 HE HAS R\ND HIM 9 ,LONDON & 9 ,FRANCE1 & ABOVE ALL 9 ,G]MANY1 A NUMB] ( PETTY1 MORE ( LESS ABLE1 9TRIGU+1 MOBILE1 SPECULATIVE ,JEWS 7! SORT ( ,JEWS Y\ CAN F9D ALL OV] ! PLACE71 COMM]CIAL EMPLOYEES1 BANK CL]KS1 M5 ( LETT]S1 POLITICIANS1 ! CORRESPOND5TS ( NEWSPAP]S ( ! MO/ V>I\S %ADES ( OP9ION4 ,9 A WORD1 LIT]>Y GO-BETWE5S1 JU/ AS !Y >E F9ANCIAL GO-BETWE5S1 ONE FOOT 9 ! BANK1 ! O!R 9 ! ,SOCIALI/ ,MOVEM5T1 :ILE !IR RUMP IS 9 ,G]MAN P]IODICAL LIT]ATURE444 ,!SE ,JEWI% M5 ( LETT]S >E ADEPTS 9 ! >T ( C[>DLY1 ODI\S1 & P]FIDI\S 9S9UATIONS4 ,!Y SELDOM MAKE OP5 ACCUSATION1 BUT !Y 9S9UATE1 SAY+ !Y 'HAVE HE>D- IT IS SAID- IT MAY NOT BE TRUE1 BUT1' & !N !Y HURL ! MO/ ABOM9ABLE CALUMNIES 9 Y\R FACE40 

,BAKUN9 HAD A PR(\ND RESPECT = ,M>X'S 9TELLECTUAL ABILITIES & SCI5TIFIC EFFICI5CY4 ,:5 HE READ ,M>X'S ,CAPITAL HE WAS AMAZ$1 & PROMPTLY SET TO WORK UPON TRANSLAT+ IT 9TO ,RUSSIAN4 ,HE TRANSLAT$ ,! ,COMMUNI/ ,MANIFE/ 9TO ,RUSSIAN 9 #a#h#f#b4 

,WRIT+ TO ,H]Z51 ,BAKUN9 SAID3-- 

0,= FIVE & TW5TY YE>S ,M>X HAS S]V$ ! CAUSE ( ,SOCIALISM ABLY1 5]GETICALLY1 & LOYALLY1 TAK+ ! LEAD ( EV]Y ONE 9 ?IS MATT]4 ,I %\LD NEV] =GIVE MYSELF IF1 \T ( P]SONAL MOTIVES1 ,I W]E TO DE/ROY OR DIM9I% ,M>X'S B5EFICIAL 9FLU5CE4 ,/ILL ,I MAY BE 9VOLV$ 9 A /RUGGLE AGA9/ HIM1 NOT BECAUSE HE HAS W\ND$ ME P]SONALLY1 BUT BECAUSE ( ! ,/ATE ,SOCIALISM HE ADVOCATES40 

,BAKUN9 DESCRIBES H[ SIMPLE & P]SONAL WAS ! CAUSE ( ! /RUGGLE BE+ R5EW$4 ,HE WRITES3- 

0,AT ! PEACE ,CONGRESS 9 ,G5EVA1 ! VET]AN ,COMMUNI/1 ,BECK]1 GAVE ME ! FIR/1 & AS ( YET ONLY1 VOLUME ( ! EXTREMELY IMPORTANT1 LE>N$1 PR(\ND1 AL?\< V]Y AB/RACT WORK1 ,CAPITAL4 ,!N ,I MADE A T]RIBLE MI/AKE3 ,I =GOT TO WRITE ,M>X 9 ORD] TO ?ANK Y\444,I DID NOT HA/5 TO ?ANK HIM & TO PAY HIM A COMPLIM5T UPON HIS REALLY \T/&+ BOOK4 ,OLD ,PHILLIP ,BECK]1 :O HAD KN[N ,M>X = A V]Y LONG TIME1 SAID TO ME1 :5 HE HE>D ( ?IS =GETFULNESS3 ',:AT1 Y\ HAV5'T WRITT5 TO HIM YET8 ,M>X WILL NEV] =GIVE Y\6'0 

,BAKUN9 ?\<T ?AT HIS =GETFULNESS C\LD BE RANK$ AS A P]SONAL SLI<T & AN UNP>DONABLE DISC\RTESY4 ,BUT HE DID NOT BELIEVE ?AT IT C\LD LEAD TO A RESUMPTION ( HO/ILITIES4 ,IT DID4 ,FRAU ,M>X WROTE TO ,BECK] AS FOLL[S3- 

0,HAVE Y\ SE5 OR HE>D ANY?+ ( ,BAKUN98 ,MY HUSB& S5T HIM1 AS AN OLD ,HEGELIAN1 HIS BOOK- NOT A WORD OR A SIGN4 ,!RE MU/ BE SOME?+ UND]NEA? ?IS8 ,ONE CANNOT TRU/ ANY ( !SE ,RUSSIANS2 IF !Y >E NOT 9 ! S]VICE ( ! ,LITTLE ,FA!R 9 ,RUSSIA1 !N !Y >E 9 ,H]Z5'S S]VICE H]E1 :I* AM\NTS TO MU* ! SAME ?+40 

,BAKUN9 WAS UNABLE TO P]SUADE ! ,B]NE ,CONGRESS ( ! ,LEAGUE ( ,PEACE & ,FRE$OM TO ADOPT A REVOLUTION>Y PROGRAM & TO AFFILIATE TO ! ,9T]NATIONAL4 ,HE RESIGN$ AN 9 CONJUNCTION ) ,BECK]1 F\ND$ ! ,9T]NATIONAL ,ALLIANCE ( ,SOCIAL ,REVOLUTION>IES4 ,HIS AIM WAS TO AFFILIATE ! ,ALLIANCE TO ! ,9T]NATIONAL4 ,AT ?IS TIME1 ,BAKUN9'S PROGRAM WAS SOME:]E BETWE5 ?AT ( ,M>X & ,PR\DHON4 

,MEHR+ DESCRIBES ,BAKUN9'S PLACE 9 RELATION TO ,M>X AS FOLL[S3- 

0,BAKUN9 HAD ADVANC$ F> BEYOND ,PR\DHON1 HAV+ ABSORB$ A L>G] MEASURE ( ,EUROPEAN CULTURE2 & HE UND]/OOD ,M>X MU* BETT] ?AN ,PR\DHON HAD DONE4 ,BUT HE WAS NOT SO 9TIMATELY ACQUA9T$ ) ,G]MAN PHILOSOPHY AS ,M>X1 NOR HAD HE MADE SO ?OR\< A /UDY ( ! CLASS /RUGGLES ( ,WE/]N ,EUROPEAN NATIONS4 ,ABOVE ALL1 HIS IGNORANCE ( POLITICAL ECONOMY WAS MU* MORE DISA/R\S TO HIM ?AN IGNORANCE ( NATURAL SCI5CE HAD BE5 TO ,PR\DHON4 ,YET HE WAS REVOLUTION>Y ?R\< & ?R\<2 &1 LIKE ,M>X & ,LASSALLE1 HE HAD ! GIFT ( MAK+ PEOPLE LI/5 TO HIM4 

0,M>X FAVOR$ C5TRALISM1 AS MANIFE/$ 9 ! CONTEMPOR>Y ORGANIZATION ( ECONOMIC LIFE & ( ! ,/ATE2 ,BAKUN9 FAVOR$ F$]ALISM1 :I* HAD BE5 ! ORGANIZATIONAL PR9CIPLE ( ! PRECAPITALI/ ]A4 ,?AT WAS :Y ,BAKUN9 F\ND MO/ ( ?IS ADH]5TS 9 ,ITALY1 ,SPA91 & ,RUSSIA1 9 C\NTRIES :]E CAPITALI/ DEVELOPM5T WAS BACKW>D4 ,M>X'S SUPPORT]S1 ON ! O!R H&1 W]E RECRUIT$ FROM L&S ( ADVANC$ CAPITALI/ DEVELOPM5T1 ?OSE ) AN 9DU/RIAL PROLET>IAT4 ,! TWO M5 REPRES5T$ TWO SUCCESSIVE PHASES ( SOCIAL REVOLUTION4 ,FUR!RMORE1 ,BAKUN9 LOOK$ UPON MAN RA!R AS ! SUBJECT ( HI/ORY :O1 'HAV+ ! DEVIL 9 HIS BODY10 SPONTANE\SLY RIP5S = ! REVOLUTION1 & M]ELY NE$S TO HAVE HIS *A9S BROK52 BUT ,M>X REG>D$ MAN RA!R AS ! OBJECT1 :O MU* SL[LY BE TRA9$ = ACTION1 9 ORD] ?AT1 M>%AL$ = CLASS ACTIVITY1 HE MAY PLAY HIS P>T AS A FACTOR ( HI/ORY4 ,! TWO \TLOOKS MI<T HAVE BE5 COMB9$1 = 9 COMB9ATION !Y SUPPLY ! ACTUAL PICTURE ( MAN 9 HI/ORY4 ,BUT 9 ! CASE ( BO? ( !SE *AMPIONS1 ! NECESS>Y COMPROMISE WAS R5D]$ IMPOSSIBLE BY ! OR?ODOX RIGIDITY ( 9TELLECTUAL DOGMATISM1 BY DEFICI5T ELA/ICITY ( ! WILL1 & BY ! N>R[ CIRCUM/ANCES ( SPACE & TIME1 SO ?AT 9 ACTUAL FACT !Y BECAME ADV]S>IES4 ,!N1 [+ TO !IR RESPECTIVE TEMP]AM5TS1 [+ TO ! DIV]G5CES 9 M5TAL /RUCTURE :I* F\ND EXPRESSION 9 BEHAVIOR1 !IR OPPOSITION 9 CONCRETE MATT]S DEVELOP$ 9TO P]SONAL 5MITY40 

,MEHR+ DEF5DS ,M>X TOO ELOQU5TLY4 ,:5 WE GAZE AT ! WORLD TO-DAY1 & ! CONDITION ( ! ,LABOR ,MOVEM5T1 WE MU/ FEEL ?AT !RE WAS MU* MORE TO BE SAID = ,BAKUN9'S APPROA* ?AN = ?AT ( ,M>X4 

,9SPIR$ BY ,M>X1 ! ,G5]AL ,C\NCIL ( ! ,9T]NATIONAL REFUS$ TO ACCEPT ! AFFILIATION ( ! ,ALLIANCE4 ,! AFFILIATION WAS PROPOS$ BY ! ,G5EVESE SECTION :I* WAS L$ BY ,BAKUN94 

,M>X N[ D5\NC$ ! ,BAKUN9/ PROGRAM AS3 0AN OLLA PODRIDA ( WORN-\T COMMONPLACES1 ?\<TLESS *ATT]2 A ROSE-G>L& ( EMPTY MOTIONS1 & 9SIPID IMPROVIZATION40 

,M>X FE>$ ! 9FLU5CE ( ,BAKUN9 AMONG ! HOMEWORK]S 9 ! WAT*MAK+ 9DU/RY ( ! ,NEU*ATEL & ,B]NESE ,JURA4 ,9 #a#h#f#e1 ,DR4 ,C\LL]Y HAD F\ND$1 9 ,LA ,*AUX DES ,FONDS1 A SECTION ( ! ,9T]NATIONAL4 ,ITS PR9CIPAL LEAD] WAS ,JAMES ,GUILLAUME1 A TEA*] AT ! ,9DU/RIAL ,S*OOL 9 ,LE ,LOCLE4 ,! ,JURA SECTION WAS F$]ALI/ICALLY 9CL9$ & SOON BECAME >D5T SUPPORTS ( ,BAKUN94 ,HE AMALGAMAT$ !IR GR\PS 9TO A F$]AL C\NCIL2 F\ND$ A WEEKLY1 ,EGALITE1 & />T$ A VIGOR\S REVOLUTION>Y MOVEM5T4 ,9 ,LONDON ?IS >\S$ ! IMPRESSION ?AT ,BAKUN9 WAS TRY+ TO CAPTURE ! ,9T]NATIONAL4 ,AT ! ,BASLE ,CONGRESS ( ! ,9T]NATIONAL1 ON ,SEPTEMB] #e & #f1 #a#h#f#i1 ,BAKUN9 WAS NO LONG]1 AS HE HAD BE5 9 ,BRUSSELS1 ALONE AGA9/ ! ,M>XIAN FRONT1 BUT WAS BACK$ UP BY A RESOLUTE PHALANX ( SUPPORT]S4 ,IT WAS OBVI\S ?AT ,BAKUN9'S 9FLU5CE WAS ON ! 9CREASE4 ,?IS BECAME ESPECIALLY PLA9 DUR+ ! DISCUSSION ON ! QUE/ION ( DIRECT LEGISLATION BY ! PEOPLE 79ITIATIVE & REF]5DUM74 

,AT ?IS ,CONGRESS1 ,BAKUN9 ONCE MORE BR\<T TO A HEAD ! SL&]S ?AT ! ,M>XI/S HAD CIRCULAT$ CONC]N+ HIM4 ,HIS OPPON5TS HAD TRI$ TO *ECK HIS 9FLU5CE BY A FLOOD ( SUSPICIONS & 9VECTIVES4 

,9 #a#h#f#e1 ! ,DEMOKRATIS*ES ,WOKH5BLATT1 PUBLI%$ 9 ,LEIPZIG1 UND] ,WILHELM ,LIEBKNE*T'S $ITOR%IP1 ATTACK$ ,BAKUN9'S P]SONAL HONOR SEV]ELY4 ,AT ! SAME TIME1 ,BEBEL WROTE TO ,BECK] ?AT ,BAKUN9 WAS 0PROBABLY AN AG5T ( ! ,RUSSIAN ,GOV]NM5T40 ,LIEBKNE*T DECL>$ ?AT ,BAKUN9 WAS 9 ! ,CZ>'S PAY4 

,BAKUN9 SECUR$ ! APPO9TM5T ( A C\RT ( >BITRATION TO 9VE/IGATE ! *>GES4 ,LIEBKNE*T HAD NO PRO(S TO ADDUCE1 & DECL>$ ?AT HIS WORDS HAD BE5 MISUND]/OOD4 ,! JURY UNANIM\SLY AGRE$ ?AT ,LIEBKNE*T HAD BEHAV$ ) 0CRIM9AL LEVITY10 & MADE HIM GIVE ,BAKUN9 A WRITT5 APOLOGY4 ,! ADV]S>IES %OOK H&S BE=E ! ,CONGRESS4 ,BAKUN9 MADE A SPILL \T ( ! APOLOGY1 & LI<T$ A CIG>ETTE ) IT4 

,BAKUN9 NEV] TRI$ TO PAY BACK ,M>X 9 ! SAME CO94 ,MEHR+ SAYS ( ,BAKUN9'S WRIT+S1 ?AT 0WE %ALL LOOK 9 !M 9 VA9 = ANY TRACE ( V5OM T[>DS ! ,G5]AL ,C\NCIL ( T[>DS ,M>X40 ,BAKUN9 PRES]V$ SO KE5 A S5SE ( JU/ICE & SO SPL5DID A MAGNANIMITY1 ?AT ON ,JANU>Y #b#h1 #a#h#g#b1 WRIT+ TO ! 9T]NATIONALI/S ( ! ,ROMAGNA AB\T ,M>X & ! ,M>XI/S1 HE SAID3 -- 

0,=TUNATELY = ! ,9T]NATIONAL1 !RE EXI/$ 9 ,LONDON A GR\P ( M5 :O W]E EXTREMELY DEVOT$ TO ! GREAT ASSOCIATION1 & :O W]E1 9 ! TRUE S5SE ( ! WORDS1 ! REAL F\ND]S & 9ITIATORS ( ?AT BODY4 ,I SPEAK ( ! SMALL GR\P ( ,G]MANS :OSE LEAD] IS ,K>L ,M>X4 ,!SE E/IMABLE P]SONS REG>D AS AN 5EMY1 & MALTREAT ME AS SU* :5EV] & :]EV] !Y CAN4 ,!Y >E GREATLY MI/AK54 ,I AM 9 NO RESPECT !IR 5EMY1 & IT GIVES ME1 ON ! CONTR>Y1 LIVELY SATISFACTION :5 ,I AM ABLE TO DO !M JU/ICE4 ,I (T5 HAVE AN OPPORTUNITY ( DO+ SO1 = ,I REG>D !M AS G5U9ELY IMPORTANT & WOR?Y P]SONS1 9 RESPECT BO? ( 9TELLIG5CE & KN[L$GE1 & ALSO 9 RESPECT ( !IR PASSIONATE DEVOTION TO ! CAUSE ( ! PROLET>IAT & ( A LOYALTY TO ! CAUSE :I* HAS )/OOD EV]Y POSSIBLE TE/ -- A DEVOTION & A LOYALTY :I* HAVE BE5 PROV$ BY ! A*IEVEM5TS ( TW5TY YE>S4 ,M>X IS ! SUPREME ECONOMIC & SOCIALI/ G5IUS ( \R DAY4 ,9 ! C\RSE ( MY LIFE1 ,I HAVE COME 9TO CONTACT ) A GREAT MANY LE>N$ M51 BUT ,I KN[ NO ONE ELSE :O IS SO PR(\NDLY LE>N$ AS HE4 ,5GELS1 :O IS N[ SECRET>Y = ,ITALY & ,SPA91 ,M>X'S FRI5D & PUPIL1 IS ALSO A MAN ( \T/&+ 9TELLIG5CE4 ,AS LONG AGO AS #ahdf & #a#h#d#h1 WORK+ TOGE!R1 !Y F\ND$ ! ,P>TY ( ! ,G]MAN ,COMMUNI/S1 & !IR ACTIVITIES 9 ?IS DIRECTION HAVE CONT9U$ EV]Y S9CE4 ,M>X $IT$ ! PR(\ND & ADMIRABLE ,PREAMBLE TO ! ,PROVISIONAL ,RULES ( ! ,9T]NATIONAL1 & GAVE A BODY TO ! 9/9CTIVELY UNANIM\S ASPIRATIONS ( ! PROLET>IAT ( NE>LY ALL C\NTRIES ( ,EUROPE1 9 ?AT1 DUR+ ! YE>S #a#h#f#c-#a#h#f#d1 HE CONCEIV$ ! IDEA ( ! ,9T]NATIONAL & EFFECT$ ITS E/ABLI%M5T4 ,!SE >E GREAT & SPL5DID S]VICES1 & IT W\LD BE V]Y UNGRATEFUL ( US IF WE W]E RELUCTANT TO ACKN[L$GE !IR IMPORTANCE40 

,BAKUN9 EXPLA9S ! BREAK BETWE5 ,M>X & HIMSELF3 

0,M>X IS AN AU?ORIT>IAN & C5TRALIZ+ COMMUNI/4 ,HE WANTS :AT WE WANT1 ! COMPLETE TRIUMPH ( ECONOMIC & SOCIAL EQUALITY1 BUT HE WANTS IT 9 ! ,/ATE & ?R\< ! ,/ATE P[]1 ?R\< ! DICTATOR%IP ( A V]Y /RONG &1 SO TO SAY1 DESPOTIC PROVISIONAL GOV]NM5T1 ?AT IS1 BY ! NEGATION ( LIB]TY4 ,HIS ECONOMIC IDEAL IS ! ,/ATE AS SOLE [N] ( ! L& & ( ALL K9DS ( CAPITAL1 CULTIVAT+ ! L& ?R\< WELL-PAID AGRICULTURAL ASSOCIATIONS UND] ! MANAGEM5T ( ,/ATE 5G9E]S1 & CONTROLL+ ALL 9DU/RIAL & COMM]CIAL ASSOCIATIONS ) ,/ATE CAPITAL4 

0,WE WANT ! SAME TRIUMPH ( ECONOMIC & SOCIAL EQUALITY ?R\< ! ABOLITION ( ! ,/ATE1 & ( ALL ?AT PASS BY ! NAME ( \R LAW 7:I*1 9 \R VIEW1 IS ! P]MAN5T NEGATION ( HUMAN RI<TS74 ,WE WANT ! RECON/RUCTION ( SOCIETY1 & ! UNIFICATION ( MANK9D1 TO BE A*IEV$1 NOT FROM ABOVE D[NW>D1 BY ANY SORT ( AU?ORITY1 OR BY SOCIALI/ (FICIALS1 5G9E]S1 & O!R ACCR$IT$ M5 ( LE>N+ -- BUT FROM BEL[ UPW>DS1 BY ! FREE F$]ATION ( ALL K9DS ( WORK]S' ASSOCIATIONS LIB]AT$ FROM ! YOKE ( ! ,/ATE4 

0,Y\ SEE ?AT TWO !ORIES C\LD H>DLY BE MORE %>PLY OPPOS$ TO ONE ANO!R ?AN >E \RS4 ,BUT !RE IS ANO!R DIFF]5CE BETWE5 US1 A PURELY P]SONAL ONE4 

0,M>X HAS TWO ODI\S FAULTS3 HE IS VA9 & JEAL\S4 ,HE DETE/$ ,PR\DHON1 SIMPLY BECAUSE ,PR\DHON'S GREAT NAME & WELL-DES]V$ REPUTATION W]E PREJUDICIAL TO HIM4 ,!RE IS NO T]M ( ABUSE ?AT ,M>X HAS FAIL$ TO APPLY TO ,PR\DHON4 ,M>X IS EGOTI/ICAL TO ! PIT* ( 9SANITY4 ,HE TALKS ( 'MY IDEAS1' & CANNOT UND]/& ?AT IDEAS BELONG TO NO ONE 9 P>TICUL>1 BUT ?AT1 IF WE LOOK C>EFULLY1 WE %ALL ALWAYS F9D ?AT ! BE/ & GREATE/ IDEAS >E ! PRODUCT ( ! 9/9CTIVE LABOR ( ALL444,M>X1 :O WAS ALREADY CON/ITUTIONALLY 9CL9$ T[>DS SELF-GLORIFICATION1 WAS DEF9ITELY CORRUPT$ BY ! IDOLIZATION ( HIS DISCIPLES1 :O HAVE MADE A SORT ( DOCTR9AIRE POPE \T ( HIM4 ,NO?+ CAN BE MORE DISA/R\S TO ! M5TAL & MORAL HEAL? ( A MAN1 EV5 ?\< HE BE EXTREMELY 9TELLIG5T1 ?AN TO BE IDOLIZ$ & REG>D$ AS 9FALLIBLE4 ,ALL ?IS HAS MADE ,M>X EV5 MORE EGOTI/ICAL1 SO ?AT HE IS BEG9N+ TO LOA! EV]Y ONE :O WILL NOT B[ ! NECK BE=E HIM40 

,RUHLE HAD DEALT V]Y EXHAU/IVELY ) ! /EPS TAK5 BY ,M>X TO GET RID ( HIS HAT$ ADV]S>Y4 ,M>X ORGANIZ$ IRREGUL> CONF]5CES AT ,LONDON & ! ,HAGUE4 ,BAKUN91 ,GUILLAUME1 & ,S*UIZGULB$ W]E EXPELL$ BY ME?ODS S9CE EMPLOY$ BY ! ,?IRD ,9T]NATIONAL TO EXPEL ,TROTSKYI/S & O!R OPPON5TS ( PRES5T-DAY ,/AL9ISM4 ,! ,PURGE WAS ALWAYS A *>ACT]I/IC ( ,M>XISM4 ,A VICTORY WAS WON ?AT SECUR$ NO FRUIT4 ,M>X HAD TO ADMIT ?AT ! LA/ ,CONGRESS ( ! ,9T]NATIONAL1 HELD AT ,G5EVA1 9 ,SEPTEMB]1 #a#h#g#c1 WAS A COMPLETE FIASCO4 ,BECK] WROTE A LETT] TO ,S]GE DESCRIB+ ,M>X'S HOPELESS 9TRIGUES 9 CONNECTION ) ?IS ,CONGRESS4 

,M>X DECID$ TO ?R[ A LA/ H&FUL ( MUD AT ,BAKUN94 ,) ,5GELS & ,LAF>GUE1 HE UND]TOOK TO PUBLI% A REPORT ( ! *>GES MADE AGA9/ ,BAKUN91 UND] ! TITLE 0,DIE ,ALLIANZ ,D] ,SOZIALI/IS* 5 ,DEMOKRATIE ,UND ,DIE ,9T]NATIONAL ,>BEITASSOZIATION0 7,! ,ALLIANCE ( ! ,SOCIALI/ ,DEMOCRACY & ! ,9T]NATIONAL ,WORK+ ,M5'S ,ASSOCIATION74 ,EV]Y L9E ( ?IS REPORT IS A DI/ORTION1 EV]Y ALLEGATION AN 9JU/ICE1 EV]Y >GUM5T A FALSIFICATION & EV]Y WORD AN UNTRU?4 ,AS ,RUBLE SAYS1 EV5 ,MEHR+ AL?\< SO 9DULG5T TO ,M>X1 PLACES ?IS WORK 0AT ! L[E/ RANK0 AMONG ALL ?OSE PUBLI%$ BY ,M>X & ,5GELS4 

,BAKUN9 MET ! ATTACK ) RESIGNATION4 ,HE DESCRIB$ ! PAMPHLET AS A 0G5D>ME D5UNCIATION40 ,HE DECL>$ ?AT ,M>X1 URG$ ONW>DS BY FURI\S HATR$1 HAD UND]TAK5 TO EXPOSE HIMSELF BE=E ! PUBLIC 9 ! ROLE ( A SNEAK+ & CALUMNIATORY POLICE AG5T4 

,BAKUN9 ADD$3 -- 

0,?AT IS HIS [N AFFAIR2 &1 S9CE HE LIKES ! JOB1 LET HIM HAVE IT444 ,?IS HAS GIV5 ME AN 9T5SE LOA?+ ( PUBLIC LIFE4 ,I HAVE HAD 5\< ( IT4 ,I !RE=E )DRAW FROM ! >5A1 & ASK ONLY ONE ?+ FROM MY DE> CONTEMPOR>IES -- OBLIVION40 

,:5 ,BAKUN9 DI$1 ON ,JULY #a1 #a#h#g#h1 NO TRACE ( ! ,M>XIAN ,9T]NATIONAL REMA9$4 

,M>XISM DEG5]AT$ 9TO ! #bND ,9T]NATIONAL1 P>LIAM5T>Y OPPORTUNISM & C>E]ISM1 & ! ,NATIONALI/IC SUPPORT ( ! ,FIR/ ,GREAT ,W>4 ,AFT] ?AT W>1 IT GAVE US ! MA*9ATIONS ( ! #cRD ,9T]NATIONAL1 ! ASSASS9ATION ( ,SOCIALI/S & ,SOCIALISM1 9 ,SOVIET ,RUSSIA2 ! DEBACLE 9 ,G]MANY1 ! BETRAYAL 9 ,SPA9 LEAD+ TO ! TRIUMPH ( ,FASCISM2 &1 F9ALLY1 ! DICTATOR%IP DIPLOMACY :I* RELEAS$ ! ,SECOND ,GREAT ,W> BY SIGN+ A PACT ) ,G]MANY2 ! GREAT ,/AL9-,HITL] ALLIANCE1 ! ,SOVIET-,NAZI PACT4 ,M>XISM IS DEAD2 & ! WORLD ( LIB]T>IAN /RUGGLE RECALLS ! WISDOM & ! DEFIANCE ( ,BAKUN94 ,M>X IS DEAD & ,BAKUN9 /RIDES ON1 LEAD+ ! WORK]S ( ! WORLD ON TO ! CONQUE/ ( BREAK & FRE$OM -- & ROSES TOO4 ,TODAY1 ! NAME ( ,BAKUN9 IS L9K$ HI/ORICALLY & TRADITIONALLY ) ! EMANCIPATION ( ! HUMAN RACE4 ,9 DEA?1 HE IS SYMBOL ( ANTI-,FASCISM4 ,HE IS LEG5D1 P[]1 & REALITY4 

O ,APP5DIX #b 3 ,! ,*ALL5GE ,( ,CATALONIA 

,! BRAGG>T1 ,FRANCO1 AT ! BEG9N+ ( HIS M\NTEBANK C>E] ( ,FASCI/ ADV5TURISM1 BOA/$ ?AT ,CATALONIA W\LD FALL BE=E HIS ALI5 >MS )\T A /RUGGLE4 ,SU* *ATT] WAS WOR?Y ( ! TOOL ( ,HITL] & ,MUSSOL9I6 ,IT DEF9$ ! EXT5T ( ! MAN'S IGNORANCE ) A SUP]BNESS ( IRONY ?AT NO O!R P]SONS C\LD HAVE A*IEV$4 ,IT /AMP$ AS GROTESQUE ! KN[L$GE1 ! APPROA*1 ! ATTITUDE ( ,FRANCO4 ,IT %[$ ! MAN 9 ACTION & 9 REPOSE TO BE ! ONE *>ACT]3 A CL[N TURN$ BUT*] N ORD] ?AT HE MI<T CL[N AT TRAG$Y AS WELL AS AT COM$Y2 CL[N AS WANTONLY ) HUMAN MIS]Y AS HE HAD CL[N$ HOPELESSLY AT POLITICS4 

,! ,CAPITALI/ & ,FASCI/ P[]S TREAT$ ?IS COM$IAN S]I\SLY M]ELY BECAUSE HIS COM$Y GREW 9TO CRIME & HIS FOOL'S 

CO/UME DRIPP$ ) PROLET>IAN BLOOD4 ,HIS MIR?LESS BRAGGADOCIO REG>D$ ! CONQUE/ ( ,CATALONIA AS SOME?+ TO BE ATTA9$ )\T /RUGGLE3 A MAID5LY SURR5D]$ TO BE OBTA9$ = ! M]E M$IEVAL GE/URE ( REQUE/ & COMM&4 ,SELF-/YL$ PATRIOT1 ( ! HI/ORY ( HIS C\NTRY HE HAD NO KN[L$GE4 ,( ! DE/9Y ( HIS C\NTRY HE KNEW EV5 LESS4 ,= ,SPA9 WAS *OOS+4 ,IT WAS *OOS+ BETWE5 ,FRANCO & ,BAKUN94 ,?AT !RE %\LD BE SU* A *OICE POSSIBLE1 PAYS TOO MU* HONOR TO ! M]IT ( ,FRANCO3 BUT ! *OICE WAS HI/ORICAL & SIGNIFIES ! PASS+ ( ,CAPITALISM4 ,ONCE SO GREAT & MAJE/IC1 ,CAPITALISM WAS DEGRAD$ TO M$IOCRITY1 & FROM \T ( ITS RU9S ROSE ! M5AC+1 COLOSSAL %AD[ ( ,BAKUN91 ! *A9$ ,TITAN1 ! V]ITABLE ,SIEGFRI$ ( ! CLASS /RUGGLE4 

,MANY MOONS HAD PASS$ S9CE ,BAKUN9 L&$1 AFT] C\NTLESS H>D%IPS1 A FREE MAN ON ! COA/ ( ,CALI=NIA1 9 #a#h#e#i4 ,ITALY WAS AT ?AT TIME GR9D+ UND] ! YOKE ( ,AU/RIA & ! /> ( ,G>IBALDI WAS BUT ?REAT5+ TO RISE1 ONLY ?AT A R5EGADE ,SOCIALI/ 9 YE>S TO COME MI<T TURN ! POETIC NATIONALISM ( ,MAZZ9I & ,G>IBALDI TO D>KNESS & DESPAIR4 ,WELL DID ,BAKUN9 ATTACK ,MAZZ9I'S IDEALISM4 ,SPA9 WAS A L& ( 'PRON\NCIAMI5TOS10 5D+1 TILL #a#h#f#h1 9 ! SOV]EIGNTY ( ,ISABELLA ,I,I41 A REIGN ( HOPELESS TYRANNY4 ,NO %AD[ ( ,BAKUN9 OV] ,EUROPE !N6 

,9 #ahfh ! REBELLION ( ,PRIM & ,S]RANO DROVE ,ISABELLA TO EXILE 9 ,FRANCE4 ,!N FOLL[$ ,REPUBLICS & ,CON/ITUTIONAL ,MON>*Y & ! RE/ORATION ( ! ,B\RBONS1 ) ,ISABELLA'S SON1 ,ALFONSO ,X,I,I41 9 #a#h#g#e4 ,NO NE$ TO CONT9UE ! ,B\RBON HI/ORY1 :I* 5D$ 9 A ,REPUBLIC1 A ,REPUBLIC ( ,FASCISM1 *ALL5G$ BY ,CATALONIA & SU/A9$ ONLY BY ! ALI5 BUT*]Y ( ,MUSSOL9I & ,HITL]1 ) ! C[>DLY NON9T]V5TIONI/ AID ( ! CAPITALI/ DEMOCRACIES4 ,FRANCO F9ALLY DE/ROY$ ,CATALONIA1 & KNEW NOT ?AT ,CATALONIA WILL FREE ! WORLD4 ,?AT EMANCIPATION COMES 9 DIRECT L9E FROM ! TIMES ( ,BAKUN94 ,CATALONIA V9DICAT$ ,LABOR2 IT V9DICAT$ ,SOCIALISM2 & AGA9/ ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRACY & ,P>LIAM5T>ISM IT V9DICAT$ ,AN>*ISM & ,BAKUN94 ,IT *ALL5G$ ,FASCISM1 PROCLAIM$ ! DAWN ( SOCIAL REVOLUTION4 

,F$]ALI/ UPRIS+S OCCURR$ DUR+ ! YE> #a#h#g#c1 9 ,SEVILLE1 ,CADIZ1 ,GRANADA1 ,MALAGA1 ,ALICANTE1 & ,C>TAG5A4 ,EA* C5T] PROCLAIM$ ITSELF AN 9DEP5D5T CANTON4 ,FROM ! ,S\? ( ,FRANCE1 ,FANELLI1 DISCIPLE ( ,BAKUN91 C>RI$ ! DOCTR9E ( ,AN>*ISM ACROSS ! ,PYR5EES 9TO ,CATALONIA4 ,& SO1 H>DLY WAS ,BAKUN9'S BODY RE/+ B5EA? ITS UNC\? /ONE :5 ADH]5TS ( HIS DOCTR9ES W]E F\ND+ HIS PR9CIPLE & BUILD+ !IR LIB]T>IAN GR\PS AT ,B>CELONA & ,T>RAPONA4 ,MEAN:ILE1 ,CAFI]O & ,MALATE/A W]E PIONE]+ ,AN>*ISM 9 ,ITALY1 :]E IT WILL YET CONQU]2 & ,JOHN ,MO/1 REGRETT+ HIS ELECTION TO ! ,REI*/AG1 WAS PROCLAIM+ ! C\NT]-REVOLUTION>Y *>ACT] ( ! SUFFRAGE 9 ,G]MANY & 5T]+ UPON ?AT C>E] :I* DOES HIS MEMORY 

MORE CR$IT ?AN ALL ! P>LIAM5T>Y COMPROMISES DID ?AT ( ,WILHELM ,LIEBKNE*T1 ,5GELS1 & ,BEBEL4 

,! YE>S PASS2 & WE WITNESS ! GR[+ P[] ( ,AN>*ISM 9 ,SPA94 ,9 #ahhb GREAT PROGRESS HAS BE5 MADE 9 ,CATALONIA & ,&ALUSIA4 ,A DI/9CT ,AN>*I/ ELEM5T1 CO-OP]AT+ ) O!R S*OOLS ( ,SOCIALI/ ?\<T1 BUT MA9TA9+ ! PR9CIPLE ( REVOLUTION>Y ,SOCIALISM1 MAKES ITSELF FELT AT A WORK+-CLASS CONGRESS HELD 9 ,SEVILLE1 :5 #b$ DELEGATES ASSEMBL$1 REPRES5T+ #a PROV9CIAL UNIONS1 #fcb LOCAL SECTIONS1 ) #e#i1 ADH]5TS4 ,9 ,DECEMB] ( ?IS YE> A P]SONAL QU>REL BETWE5 TWO WORK]S1 RESULT+ 9 ! DEA? ( ONE ( !M1 NAM$ ,B>TOLOME ,GAGO ,CAMPOS1 ILLU/RATES ! FE> ) :I* ,AN>*ISM N[ 9SPIRES ! RUL+ CLASS4 ,M>X WROTE WELL ( ! SPECT] ( ,COMMUNISM4 ,LET US CONSID] ,SPA9 HAUNT$ BY ! SPECT] ( ,AN>*ISM4 ,! V]Y IGNORANT COMM&] ( ! ,CIVIL ,GU>D AT ,J]EZ HAD ONE HUNDR$ ,AN>*I/S >RE/$1 & 9V5T$1 9 HIS IMAG9ATION A SECRET ORGANIZATION1 KN[N AS 0,LA ,MANO ,NEGRO0 OR 0,! ,BLACK ,H&40 ,AL?\< IT WAS PROV$ ?AT NO SU* ,AN>*I/ ORGANIZATION EXI/$1 ?AT ! 5TIRE ?+ WAS A MY? ( A MADD5$ MILIT>I/'S BRA94 ,CAPITALI/ J\RNALISM HAS P]SI/$ 9 US+1 ) 9CREAS+ DI%ONOR1 ?IS 0,BLACK ,H&0 HOBGOBL94 ,IT IS FANTA/IC 5\< TO APPEAL TO ! JAD$ S5SE ( ROMANCE :I* AFFLICTS ! B\RGEOIS /UD5T ( LIT]ATURE6 

,NOR WAS ! LIE ALL ROMANCE4 ,! MY? WAS GR\ND$ WELL 9 9T]E/4 ,! ,CAPITALI/ CONSCI5CE MEASURES ALL ?+S 9 ! T]MS ( PR(IT4 ,ITS TA/E BELONGS TO ! ,/OCK ,EX*ANGE2 ITS BEAUTY IS PUR*AS$ & TA9T$ & EMBELLI%$2 ITS LOVE /UDIES P]C5TAGE & HAS A PRO/ITUTE PRICE2 & IT DRAGS ! ,GOLD5 ,CALF TO ,*UR* ?AT IT MAY PRESIDE1 A MORE DEF9ITE DEITY1 9 ! TEMPLE ( ! ,UNKN[N ,GOD4 ,! ,REAL ,PRES5CE ( ,CAPITALI/ SOCIETY IS NOT ! MAN ( SORR[S BUT ! GOLD ?AT LURES4 0,! ,BLACK ,H&0 MY? WAS ROMANCE & CALCULATION4 ,IT WAS A BRUTAL & BLOODY CALCULATION AS ! READ] WILL UND]/&4 

,AS A MATT] ( FACT1 ! 0,BLACK ,H&0 CAMPAIGN WAS BUT ! AGGRAVAT$ AFT]MA? ( ! T]RIBLE AGR>IAN /RUGGLE4 ,! RUL+ CLASS WAS 5DEAVOR+ TO /AMP \T ,AN>*ISM4 ,F\RTE5 ,AN>*I/S W]E CONDEMN$ TO DEA? = COMPLICITY 9 ! DEA? ( ,B>TOLOMIE ,GAGO1 & SCORES ( O!RS W]E CONDEMN$ TO 0*A9S = LIFE40 ,CADIZ RECEIV$ ! S5T5CES ) ?REATS ( WORK+ CLASS REBELLION & 9 ! 5D ONLY SEV5 ( ! CONDEMN$ M5 M\NT$ ! SCAFFOLD4 ,! SCAFFOLDS W]E ]ECT$ ON ! ,PLAZA ( ,J]EZ ON #a#d? ,JUNE1 #a#h#h#d4 ,:AT TORTURES W]E EXP]I5C$ BY ?OSE CONDEMN$ TO IMPRISONM5T1 P5 CANNOT DESCRIBE4 ,9 #a#i#c1 TW5TY YE>S AFT] ! >RE/S1 EI<T PRISON]S W]E /ILL HELD 9 DURANCE VILE4 ,O!RS HAD DI$ 9 PRISON4 ,!SE EI<T1 AFT] MU* AGITATION1 W]E REPRIEV$4 ,! %OCK+ VICTIMIZATION ( !SE ,AN>*I/ WORK]S ONLY /IMULAT$ ! CAUSE4 ,9 #a#h#h#g1 EXPLOSIONS OCCURR$ AT ! ,PALACE ( ! ,CORTES 9 ,MADRID & 9 ! C\RTY>D ( ! 

,M9I/RY ( ,F9ANCE4 ,!N CAME ,MAY ,DAY1 #a#h#i1 & ! ,G5]AL ,/RIKE 9 SEV]AL PROV9CES4 ,/RIK+ REIGN$ 9 ! ,BASQUE PROV9CES & ,B>CELONA WAS DECRE$ TO BE 9 A /AGE ( SIEGE4 ,9 ,VAL5CIA1 ! WORK]S ATTACK$ A ,JESUIT CONV5T & ! RESID5CE ( A ,C>LI/ >I/OCRAT4 ,TWO YE>S LAT] CAME A PLOT TO RELEASE ! 0,BLACK ,H&0 PRISON]S FROM ! PRISON ( ,J]EZ DE LA ,FRONT]A4 ,?IS 5D$ 9 AN ATTEMPT TO SEIZE ! T[N4 ,?IS ATTEMPT WAS MADE ON #i? ,JANU>Y1 #a#h#i#b1 & ! NEXT MON?1 F\R ,AN>*I/S W]E EXECUT$ & O!RS S5T5C$ TO LONG T]MS ( IMPRISONM5T4 ,BUT ! WORK]S W]E UNQUELL$4 

,!RE >E NO MORE REBELLI\S SPIRITS 9 ! WORLD1 ?AN ! PEOPLE ( ,B>CELONA4 ,BE=E ! DAYS ( ,MUSSOL9I1 ,HITL]1 & ,FRANCO1 ! =TRESS ( ,MONTJUY HAS CONTROLL$ ! T[N & MADE ! REBELLION ( NO AVAIL4 ,RIS+S W]E FUTILE & =$OOM$ TO DEFEAT4 ,BUT ! C\RAGE ( ! PEOPLE V9DICAT$ ,F]R] & TOOK POSSESSION ( ,MONTJUY4 ,AN>*ISM CONTROLL$ ,MONTJUY4 ,AGA9/ ! SPIRIT ( ,AN>*ISM1 5TR5*$ 9 ,MONTJUY1 ,FRANCO WAS BUT ! EMBODI$ FUTILITY ( ! AGES1 REACTION SPRAWL+ ?R\< HY/]IA T[>DS P>ALYZES & EXT9CTION2 ! EXT9CTION ( AU?ORITY & CLASS SOCIETY4 

,9 #a#h#i#f1 ! ,SPANI% ,AN>*I/S W]E 9 REVOLT AGA94 ,NO P]SECUTION SUBDU$ !IR P[]S ( ORGANIZATION4 ,FOLL[+ UPON AN ATTACK ON ! ,MADRID PALACE1 ! CL]ICALI/S ( ,B>CELONA /AG$ AN ATTACK ON A CL]ICAL PROCESSION1 :I* 9JUR$ ONLY WORK+ M5 & WOM54 ,?IS WAS TO 5ABLE ,DON ,ANTONIO ,CANOVAS DEL ,CA/ILLO1 :O WAS !N ,PRIME ,M9I/]1 TO LAY BE=E ! ,CORTES HIS ,BILL TO SUPPRESS ! ,AN>*I/S4 ,FROM ?IS TIME ON1 ,CA/ILLO WAS A DOOM$ MAN1 & ! ,SPANI% PEOPLE M]ELY WAIT$ TO LE>N ( HIS DES]V$ EXECUTION4 ,HE WAS %OT DEAD1 ON #h? ,AUGU/1 #a#h#i#g1 BY ! ,ITALIAN ,AN>*I/1 ,MI*ELE ,ANGIOLILLO4 ,NO MAN MORE RI*LY DES]V$ EXECUTION4 ,ANGIOLILLO'S DE$ 9SPIR$ ! BEAUTIFUL ,AM]ICAN ,AN>*I/ S\L1 ,VOLTAIR9E ,DE ,CLEYRE1 TO WRITE ! MO/ PA!TIC POEM1 5TITL$3 0,ANGIOLILLO10 9 :I* %E VISIONS ! TRIUMPH ( ,AN>*ISM 9 ,SPA9 & ! WORLD4 

,9 ,B>CELONA1 ,B>RIL W\ND$ ! *IEF ( POLICE1 & 9 ,OCTOB]1 ,QUE5 ,CRI/9A REPLAC$ ! AV[$ ,CONS]VATIVE ,M9I/RY ) A NOM9AL ,RADICAL ONE1 UND] ,PRAX$AS ,MATEO ,SAGA/A4 ,! LATT] MADE SOME PRET5SE ( RE/OR+ LIB]TY ( ! PRESS1 RAIS+ ! /ATE ( SIEGE 9 ,B>CELONA1 & RELEAS+ ALL UNTRI$ PRISON]S FROM ,MONTJUY4 ,9 #a#h#i#i1 ,SILVELA SUCCE$$ ,SAGA/A1 & MIDDLE CLASS REVOLTS OCCURR$1 AS WELL AS WORK+ CLASS ONES1 9 ,B>CELONA4 ,9 #a#i#a1 & AGA9 9 #a#i#d1 & DUR+ ! ,9T]VALS1 /RIKES >E ! RULE 9 ,B>CELONA4 ,9 #a#i#f1 COMES ! 9FAM\S M>RIAGE ( ,ALFONSO TO ,PR9CESS ,5A1 ! BOMB ?R[N BY ,MATEO ,MORRAL ( ,ROCA1 SON ( A WEAL?Y COTTON SP9N] ( ,SABADELL1 9 ,CATALONIA1 & ! FIR/ FRAME-UP ( ,F]R]4 ,! EXECUTION ( ,F]R] 9 #aii = ALLEG$ COMPLICITY 9 ! G5]AL /RIKE 9 ,B>CELONA BELONGS TO HI/ORY4 

,!RE IS NO NE$ TO PLUNGE 9TO ! LAT] HI/ORY ( ,SPA94 ,FASCISM UND] ! MON>*Y & ,FASCISM UND] ! ,REPUBLIC1 UNTIL AT LA/1 !RE CAME ! P>LIAM5T>Y ADM9I/RATION1 :I* HESITAT$ TO >M ! WORK]S AGA9/ ! ,FASCI/ REBELLION ( ,FRANCO4 ,AT LEA/1 5\< HAS BE5 TOLD TO PROVE ?AT ,AN>*ISM IS IRREPRESSIBLE4 

,9 #ahig ,T]RADE DE ,M>MOL1 9 HIS ,LES ,9QUISITEURS D',ESPAGNE1 DESCRIB$ ! T]RIBLE HORRORS ! ,AN>*I/S 5DUR$ 9 ,SPANI% DUNGEONS1 =M :I* HE ESCAP$ ,I HAVE !SE HORRORS LI/$ BE=E ME AS ,I WRITE & HAVE HE>D DE ,M>MOL DILATE ON !M BE=E A PRIVATE AUDI5CE 9 ,LONDON4 ,!SE HORRORS1 OR MANY ( !M1 W]E REPEAT$ UND] ! ,FASCI/ ,REPUBLIC4 

,9 #a#i#c#f1 ! M>TYRS WON4 0,G]M9AL0 WAS NO LONG] A VA9 CRY4 ,AN>*ISM WAS ON ! ,M>*4 ,FASCISM1 TRIUMPH+ AGA9/ ,UNIV]SAL ,SUFFRAGE 9 ,G]MANY & ELSE:]E1 CRUMPL$ BE=E ! /RUGGLE ( ,AN>*ISM4 ,LASSALLE WAS PROV5 A FALSE PROPHET1 ) HIS 0,?R\< ,UNIV]SAL ,SUFFRAGE TO ,VICTORY40 ,!RE IS NO SU* ?+ AS ! PROGRESSIVE CONQUE/ ( ! P[]S ( DEMOCRACY UND] ,CAPITALISM4 ,PR\DHON IS RI<T4 ,?R\< ,REACTION TO ,REVOLUTION6 ,& 9 ,SPA91 9SPIR$ BY ,BAKUN91 ! TIDE ( REACTION WAS *ECK$4 ,TRUE1 ALI5 ,FASCISM WON--ONLY ?AT A SECOND WORLD W> MI<T >ISE1 & CAPITALI/ DEMOCRACY BE COMPELL$ TO ADVANCE ! *ALL5GE MADE BY ,CATALONIA4 ,AN>*I/ ,SPA9 PROMIS$ ?AT ,FASCISM W\LD BE ROLL$ BACK BY ,EUROPEAN REVOLUTION1 BY ! /EADY1 UNBEAT5 ONM>* ( ,AN>*ISM4 ,SPA91 ONCE ! L& ( D>KNESS1 BECAME ! LI<T ( ! WORLD6 

,HI/ORY /AGES ! QUE/ION4 ,HITL] OR ,BAKUN98 ,! CL[N-SADI/ OR ! ,AN>*I/-REVOLUTIONI/4 ,! SADI/-C>E]I/ ( AU?ORITY OR ! MAN ( LIB]TY4 ,HI/ORY /AGES ! QUE/ION 9 SATIRE ( ,CAPITALI/ AU?ORITY4 ,& AT LA/1 ! RI<T ANSW] IS GIV53 0,= ,BAKUN9 & ,LIB]TY40 

,FASCISM PASSES TO ITS DOOM1 ATT5D$ BY ! HIREL+S ( CLASS AU?ORITY1 ( /ATISM1 & OPPRESSION4 ,AN ANTI-MILIT>I/ COMMONWEAL? ( LIB]TY1 EQUALITY1 & FRAT]NITY IS BE+ BORN 

O ,BIBLIOGRAPHICAL ,APP5DIX 

,AS /AT$ 9 ! ,=EWORD1 ! MANUSCRIPT ( ! PRES5T BIOGRAPHY WAS COMPLET$ 9 #a#i#c#d4 ,?REE YE>S AFT] ?IS WORK HAD BE5 WRITT51 ,PR(ESSOR ,E4,H4 ,C>R PUBLI%$ HIS MAGNIFIC5T BOOK1 ,MI*AEL ,BAKUN94 ,! PUBLI%]S W]E ,MAC,MILLAN @& ,COMPANY1 ( ,/4 ,M>T9'S ,/REET1 ,LONDON4 ,! BOOK CONSI/$ ( ?IRTY-F\R EXHAU/IVE *APT]S4 ,UN=TUNATELY1 IT WAS PUBLI%$ AT ! IMPOSSIBLE PRICE1 SO F> AS ! WORK]S W]E CONC]N$1 ( TW5TY-FIVE 

%ILL+S4 ,NO EF=T HAS BE5 MADE TO PRODUCE A POPUL> ADDITION4 ,?IS MILITATES S]I\SLY AGA9/ ! EXCELL5T RESE>* WORK ( ,PR(ESSOR ,C>R BE+ POPUL>IZ$4 ,PR(ESSOR ,C>R'S /UDY IS A GR[?3 = HIS ,BAKUN9 EMBODIES *APT]S FROM HIS PREVI\S WRIT+S ON ,H]Z54 

,! RECEPTION ?AT WAS ACCORD$ TO ,C>R'S WORK DID NOT MAKE = WELCOME UND]/&+4 ,REVIEWS 9 ! CAPITALI/ PRESS /AT$ ?AT ,PR(ESSOR ,C>R HAD NO?+ BUT AFFECTIONATE CONTEMPT = ?IS S9I/] POLITICAL BUFFOON4 ,! REVIEW]S ALSO SPOKE ( ! 0WRET*$ ,BAKUN91 :O ?REW AWAY EV]Y?+ HE LOV$ TO PURSUE A PHANTOM 9 :OSE REALITY HE BELIEV$ UNTIL HIS DEA?40 ,!Y SPOKE ( ,BAKUN9 *OOS+ EXILE FROM HIS RESPECTABLE SEMI->I/OCRATIC HOME = ! SAKE ( HIS %IFTY PR9CIPLES1 & !REAFT] LIV+ ON :ATEV] MONEY HE C\LD BORR[ =M FRI5DS & ACQUA9TANCES4 ,!Y DECL>$ ?AT ,C>R HAD PICTUR$ ,BAKUN9 AS A MAN :O A*IEV$ IMMORTALITY 0BECAUSE ( HIS UNREMITT+ QU>REL ) ,K>L ,M>X = :OM HE 5T]TA9$ A P]MAN5T HATR$1 = ! D\BLE REASON3 ?AT ,M>X WAS A ,G]MANY & ALSO A ,JEW40 ,IT WAS ADMITT$ ?AT ,C>R HAD BR\<T \T ! FACT ?AT AL?\< ,BAKUN9'S LIFE WAS ONE LONG RECORD ( DISMAL FAILURES1 HE WILL LIVE = ALL TIME 9 ! HI/ORY ( ,SOCIALISM1 AS ONE ( ?OSE GIANT P]SONALITIES ?AT BECOME LEG5DS LONG EV5 BE=E DEA?4 

,! CAPITALI/ REVIEW] DID NOT DO TRIBUTE TO ! C>E & SCRUPUL\S RESE>* :I* W5T TO MAKE UP ,PR(ESSOR ,C>R'S /UDY4 ,!Y PRET5D$ ?AT ,C>R HAD 5%R9$ M]ELY AN OLD CL[N & !Y MADE NO ATTEMPT TO REALIZE H[ MU* FRE$OM ( EV]Y MAN & WOMAN DEP5DS1 & HAS DEP5D$ UPON1 ! APP>5TLY FUTILE /RUGGLE = LIB]TY MADE BY M5 LIKE ,BAKUN9 :O F\<T & /RUGGL$1 BORR[$ & />V$1 & W]E JAIL$1 (T5 UND] FE>FUL CONDITIONS1 9 ORD] ?AT !IR POLITICAL PR9CIPLES MI<T BECOME SOCIAL REALITIES4 

,BAKUN9 WAS NOT A BUFFOON & HE WAS NOT A CL[N4 ,?OSE :O ATTACK HIM = BORR[+ MONEY FROM FRI5DS AFT] HE HAD ?R[N AWAY HIS H]ITAGE1 HAVE UND]/&+ ( ! SORDID & BITT] /RUGGLE ?AT REPRES5TS ! SOIL 9 :I* ! AGITATOR FL[]S4 ,IT MAY BE SAID ?AT ,BAKUN9 FAIL$2 BUT :OEV] /UDIES ! W>S ( CAPITALI/ SOCIETY1 ITS !IR MAGNIFIC5T DE/RUCTION ( ITS MAGNIFIC5T CIVILIZATION1 ITS CALCULAT$ SCI5TIFIC DESOLATION1 MU/ CONFESS ?AT CAPITALI/ SOCIETY1 ITS /ATESM5 & POLITICIANS1 HAVE NO CLAIM TO SUCCESS4 ,9 HIS [N P]SON1 LIV+ & DWELL+ 9 POV]TY1 ,BAKUN9 BY CONTRA/ ) ! ,LABOR LEAD] ( ! ,RADICAL POLITICIAN1 :O 5DS HIS LIFE 9 COM=T1 IS A FAILURE4 ,HE MAY SEEM BO? CL[N & BUFFOON TO ?OSE :O BELIEVE ?AT ! AIM ( LIFE IS A C>E]4 ,M5 LIKE ,BAKUN9 >E NOT FAILURES BUT PROTE/S4 ,IT IS NOT EXACTLY :AT !Y SAY ?AT MATT]S4 ,MANY ( !IR DOCTR9ES MAY BE FALSE4 ,TRUE OR FALSE1 !Y >E (T5 EMBODI$ 9 =MULAS ?AT TO ! MASS ( MANK9D READ LIKE SO MU* METAPHYSICAL GIBB]I%4 ,!IR WRIT+S >E (T5 UNREADABLE & ! RECORDS ( MANY ( !IR ORATIONS 

,(F5D BY >ROGANCE & CONCEIT4 ,YET !Y REPRES5T FUNDAM5TAL TRU? & ! HOPE ( MANK9D = A NEW & HI<] SOCIAL ORD]4 ,IT IS V]Y H>D TO E/IMATE ! WOR? ( AN AGITATOR & IT WILL REMA9 H>D UNTIL A NEW SOCIAL ORD] HAS BE5 BORN & \R PRES5T SY/EM ( F9ANCE & CORRUPTION1 MILIT>ISM & EXPLOITATION1 HAS BE5 CONDEMN$ AT ! B> ( HI/ORY = ! WOR?LESS ?+ IT IS4 

,C>R'S LIFE ( ,BAKUN91 AL?\< APPLAUD$1 WAS REVIEW$ SO POORLY BY ! CAPITALI/ PRESS ?AT ITS WOR? SUFF]$ 9 CONSEQU5CE4 ,! RESULT WAS ?AT ,MAX ,NETTLAU1 :O HAS DOT$ ON ,BAKUN9'S LIFE & MANUSCRIPT SO MU*1 9 AN AN>*I/ PAP]1 PROTE/$ AGA9/ NE>LY ALL ,C>R'S ASS]TIONS4 ,NETTLAU IS F> FROM BE+ ! ACCURATE AU?ORITY ! SO-CALL$ AN>*I/S HAVE PRET5D$2 BUT HE HAS C]TA9LY *]I%$ ,BAKUN9'S WRIT+S & ! ANECDOTAGE AB\T HIS C>E]4 ,9 ! EXCELL5T BIBLIOGRAPHY TO HIS WORK1 ,C>R ACKN[L$GES AT GREAT L5G? HIS DEBT TO ,NETTLAU4 ,BUT ,NETTALU SEES NO GOOD 9 ,C>R4 ,MY VIEW IS ?AT ,NETTLAU'S REVIEW ( ,C>R'S BOOK %\LD BE PUBLI%$ 9 PAMPHLET =M & READ 9 CONNECTION ) ! WORK TO :I* IT REF]S4 ,MEAN:ILE1 ,I REF] ! READ] TO ,PR(ESSOR ,C>R'S WORK = A V]Y FULL /UDY ( PHASES ( ,BAKUN9'S LIFE ?AT HAVE NO BE5 T\*$ UPON 9 MY [N WORDS4 ,NETTLAU CONDEMNS ,C>R = DEAL+ SO ?OR\<LY ) ,BAKUN9'S PRIVATE AFFAIRS4 ,SOME ( ! 9CID5TS RELAT$ >E NOT ABSOLUTELY TO ,BAKUN9'S CR$IT4 ,IF !Y >E TRUE ,I DO NOT ?9K ?AT ?IS CRITICISM MATT]S4 ,IF ! IDOL HAS FEET ( CLAY1 & IF ! FEET >E /ILL WELL-FA%ION$ IT MI<T BE NICE TO LOOK AT ! IDOL ) HIS FEET ( CLAY AS WELL4 ,ACTUALLY ! PICTURE PRES5T$ BY ,C>R IS NOT SU* A T]RIBLE ONE4 ,HE %[S A MAN ( GREAT PURPOSE1 ) A /RONG LIB]T>IAN IMPULSE1 ANXI\S TO DO TREM5D\S ?+S1 HAT+ ! WRONGS ( ! WORLD 9 :I* HE LIV$1 H&ICAPP$ 9 A ?\S& WAYS1 & /RA9+ ) ALL ! MI<T ( HIS TREM5D\S VOLCANIC P]SONALITY AGA9/ ! BONDS ?AT B\ND HIM4 ,( C\RSE HE DID ?+S ?AT HE \<T NOT TO HAVE DONE4 ,( C\RSE HE WAS NOT ALWAYS EQUAL TO HIS [N GREATNESS4 ,HE HAD MANY FOIBLES & MANY CONCEITS4 ,SOME ( HIS ]RORS W]E ALMO/ CRIM9AL4 ,BUT !Y M]IT$ =GIV5ESS2 = !Y >OSE \T ( A B\NDLESS 5]GY TO S]VE MANK9D & \T ( A FEEL+ ( LONEL9ESS 9 FAC+ ! DISA/] ?AT REPRES5TS ! CAPITALI/ WORLD ( /RUGGLE4 ,FUNDAM5TALLY1 ,PR(ESSOR ,C>R HAS GIV5 ! WORLD A PICTURE ( ,BAKUN9 9 HIS TRUE SETT+2 A LIV+ PICTURE ( A LIV+ MAN4 ,& N[ ?AT ,BAKUN9 BELONGS TO IMMORTALITY1 IT DOES NOT MATT] TOO MU* :E!R EV]Y (F5SE *>G$ AGA9/ HIM IS TRUE4 

,S9CE ,PR(ESSOR ,C>R GIVES SU* A COMPLETE ,BAKUN9 BIBLIOGRAPHY1 !RE IS NO NE$ TO COV] ?AT GR\ND 9 ! PRES5T *APT]4 

,I N[ REF] TO ! BOOK TO :I* ,C>R MADE NO REF]5CE4 ,?IS IS 0,! ,SPIRIT ( ,RUSSIA0 WRITT5 BY ! LATE ,PRESID5T ,MAS>YK1 & PUBLI%$ 9 ,5GLI% 9 TWO VOLUMES BY ,ALL5 & ,UNW91 ,LONDON1 #a#i#a#i4 ,! SECOND VOLUME DEALS V]Y ?OR\<LY ) 

,BAKUN9 & HIS PLACE 9 ,RUSSIAN LIT]ATURE & ,EUROPEAN ?\<T & /RUGGLE4 ,MAS>YK'S BOOK IS A WOND]FUL WORK ( S*OL>%IP4 ,IT IS NOT CONC]N$ ) ! P]SONAL LIFE ( ,BAKUN9 BUT ) HIS LIT]>Y LIFE1 ) HIS POLITICAL C>E]1 ) HIS 5TIRE S*OLA/IC BACKGR\ND4 ,I W\LD ADVICE EV]Y P]SON :O WI%ES TO UND]/& ,BAKUN9'S LIFE TO READ ?IS BOOK4 ,?IS DOES NOT MEAN ?AT ,I 5DORSE ALL ITS CONCLUSIONS4 

,MAS>YK DEPICTS ,BAKUN9 AS A ZEALOT1 A FANATICAL AUTOCRAT1 A REVOLUTION>Y ,CZ>4 ,HE %[S ?AT ,BAKUN9 IS NOT M]ELY A !ORI/ BUT A W\LD-BE MAN ( ACTION LIMIT$ 9 HIS CAPACITY TO A*IEVE BY ! =CE ( HIS [N ZEAL4 

,MAS>YK DISCUSSES V]Y COMPLETELY ! HI/ORY ( ,RUSSIAN ,SOCIALISM & ! IDEALS ?AT MOV$ ! EXILES UND] ! ,CZ>DOM4 ,HE CONSID]S FULLY ,LAVROV'S RELATION%IP ) ,H]Z52 RELATES ! BREA* BETWE5 ,KATKOV & ,BAKUN9 7#a#h#d7 & DESCRIBES H[ !Y CAME TO BL[S 9 ,BEL9KSI'S H\SE4 ,HE %[S ! 9FLU5CE ON ,BAKUN9 ( ,M>X4 ,CONTRA/+ ,BAKUN9 AGA9/ ,KROPOTK91 ,MAS>YK CONCLUDES ! DIFF]5CE CONSI/$ 9 ! FACT ?AT ,BAKUN9 AIM$ SOLELY AT DISORGANIZATION & NEV] GAVE ANY HE$ TO RE-ORGANIZATION4 ,IT MAY BE ?AT ,KROPOTK9 /&S 9 RELATION TO ,BAKUN9 AS ,$W>D ,C>P5T] DOES TO ,WALT ,:ITMAN4 ,!RE IS A R\<NESS & AN ORIG9AL =CE AB\T ,:ITMAN ?AT IS LACK+ 9 ,C>P5T]4 ,! LATT] IS CULTUR$ & ESS5TIALLY ! DISCIPLE1 BUT ! DISCIPLE :O HAS REF9$ ! /R5G? ( ! MA/]4 ,BAKUN9 LACKS MU* ( ! CULTURE ?AT F9DS EXPRESSION 9 ,KROPOTK9'S WRIT+S4 ,NO:]E DOES ,KROPOTK9 EXPRESS HIMSELF ) ! 5]GY & =CE ?AT IS TO BE F\ND 9 ,BAKUN94 ,ESPECIALLY 9 ?IS ! CASE :5 WE COMP>E ,KROPOTK9'S TRAC+ ( ! AN>*I/ IDEA 9 ,5GL& BACK TO ! ,:IGS1 IGNOR+ 5TIRELY ! ,RADICAL ,REPUBLICANS :OM ! ,:IGS P]SECUT$1 ) ,BAKUN9'S ANALYSIS ( ! ,LIB]ALS 9 ,RUSSIA4 ,MAS>YK DEALS V]Y ?OR\<LY ) HIS ANALYSIS4 ,TO ,BAKUN91 AS TO ,DOBROLJUBOV1 ! ,LIB]ALS >E SUP]FLU\S P]SONS2 CULTUR$ & HYP]-CULTUR$ P]SONS SUFF]+ =M ! P>ALYZES & MORBIDITY ( CIVILIZATION4 ,!Y >E SUP]FLU\S WEAKL+S AS CONTRA/$ AGA9/ ! ,MUZIK4 

,AS ,I HAVE REF]R$ ! READ] TO ,MAS>YK'S WORK ,I DO NOT NE$ TO ANALYZE IT AT GREAT L5G? 9 ! PRES5T APP5DIX4 ,HE DISCUSES ! RELATION ( ,C]NYSEVSKII TO ,H]Z5 & ,BAKUN9 AS 9T]PRET]S ( ,RUSSIAN LIT]ATURE & ?\<T4 ,HE DESCRIBES H[ ,C]NYSEVSKII HAD ,M>X'S WRIT+S S5T TO HIM DUR+ HIS EXILE 9 ,SIB]IA BUT DISPLAY$ NO 9T]E/ :ATEV] 9 ! PHILOSOPHY ( ,M>X4 ,MAS>YK CONCLUDES ?AT ,C]NYSEVSKII CONT9U$ ! LIT]>Y WORK ( ,BEL9SKI1 :]EAS ,H]Z5 & ,BAKUN9 DEP>T$ =M ,RUSSIAN TRADITIONS & SUPPLI$ ! Y\NG] G5]ATION ) REVOLUTION>Y >DOR4 ,HE QUOTES ,BAKUN9'S DEF9ITION ( GOV]NM5T & ( ! REACTION>IES :O MA9TA9 ! GOV]NM5T AS PRIVILEG$ P]SONS 9 PO9T ( POLITICAL BL9DNESS4 ,HE CONCLUDES FROM ,BAKUN9'S SEV]ITY ?AT HE S]V$ AS ! MODEL = ,TURG5EV'S 0,DMITRI ,RUD910 & ALSO 

= HIS 0,BAZ>OV40 ,!SE CREATIONS >E SUPPOS$ TO DEF9E ,BAKUN9 AT DIFF]5T /AGES ( HIS C>E] & TO BR+ HOME TO ! /UD5T ! FACT ?AT ,BAKUN9'S GOSPEL WAS ?AT ( SOCIO-POLITICAL DE/RUCTION1 OR PAN-DE/RUCTION4 

,AS A PROTE/ AGA9/ ?IS CRITICISM ( ,BAKUN91 IT MAY BE URG$ ?AT ! CAPITALI/ WORLD HAS PRODUC$ SO MU* SELF-DE/RUCTION ?AT ,BAKUN9'S GOSPEL MAY PROVE TO BE LESS REPREH5SIBLE & LESS DE/RUCTIVE ?AN HIS CRITICS ASSUME4 

,MAS>YK DRIVES HOME HIS CONCEPTION 9 AN EXCELL5T CRITICISM ( ,?OMAS ,PA9E 9 CONTRA/ TO ,BAKUN94 ,9 ! TW5TY-=? *APT] ( HIS BOOK1 DEAL+ ) DEMOCRACY V]SUS !OCRACY1 & *>G+ ,BAKUN9 ) !OCRACY1 DESPITE HIS ,A!ISM1 ,MAS>YK1 9 SECTION #b#f1 MAKES ! FOLL[+ COMP>ISON3 -- 

0,IF ,I MI/AKE NOT1 AMONG ! P>TICIPATORS 9 ! ,FR5* ,REVOLUTION ,?OMAS ,PA9E MAY BE REG>D$ AS ! MO/ CONSPICU\S EXAMPLE ( A MOD]N1 DEMOCRATICALLY M9D$1 DELIB]ATELY PROGRESSIVE REVOLUTION>Y4 ,HIS WRIT+S SUPPLY ! PHILOSOPHICAL F\NDATIONS ( ! DEMOCRATIC REVOLUTION4 ,PRECISELY BECAUSE HIS P>TICIPATION 9 ! REVOLUTION WAS SO DELIB]ATE1 HE WAS ABLE TO E/IMATE V]Y ACCURATELY ! ]RORS ( ! REVOLUTION1 & YET W\LD NOT ALL[ !SE ]RORS TO CONFUSE HIS M9D AS TO ! G5]AL NECESSITY ( ! MOVEM5T4 ,PA9E1 & H]E HE /OOD ALONE1 HAD ! C\RAGE TO DEF5D ,L\IS ,X,V,L1 SAY+ ',KILL ! K+1 NOT ! MAN10 ?US MODIFY+ ,AUGU/9E'S MAXIM1 ',DILLIGITE HOM9ES1 9T]FICTE ]RORES40 ,PA9E1 TOO1 WAS VALIANT 5\< TO DEF5D ! REPUBLIC & DEMOCRACY AGA9/ HIS BRO!R REVOLUTION>IES40 

0,! ,RUSSIAN REVOLUTION>IES LACK ,PA9E'S QUALITIES4 ,! ]RORS ( ! REVOLUTION>Y MOVEM5T AL>M$ ,H]Z5 & W>P$ HIS JUDGM5T BO? ( ,EUROPE & ( ,RUSSIA4 ,BAKUN9 CLUNG TO REVOLUTION1 BUT HIS REVOLUTIONISM WAS BL9D2 IT IS ALWAYS ,BAKUN9 TO :OM ,RUSSIANS APPEAL1 & TO ,BAKUN9'S DOCTR9E ( REVOLUTION>Y 9/9CT1 :5 :AT IS REQUISITE IS 9TELLIG5T REVOLUTION>Y CONV5TION4 ,C]NYSEVSKII MI<T P]*ANCE HAVE DEVELOP$ 9TO A ,RUSSIAN ,PA9E1 HAD HE NOT BE5 MON/R\SLY CONDEMN$ TO A LIV+ DEA? 9 ,SIB]IA40 

,MAS>YK OV]LOOKS ! FACT ?AT ,BAKUN9 DEF5D$ LIB]TY AGA9/ ! DICTATOR%IP IDEA ! DICTATOR%IP IDEA ( HIS ,M>XIAN BRO!R REVOLUTION>IES4 ,TIME MAY YET PROVE ?AT ,BAKUN9 5VISION$ ) MORE UND]/&+ ?AN HIS ,P>LIAM5T>Y1 ,M>XI/1 ,LIB]AL1 & ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRATIC CRITICS ADMIT4 

,K>L ,M>X3 ,HIS ,LIFE & ,WORK1 BY ,OTTO ,RUHLE WAS PUBLI%$ 9 ,5GLI% BY ,ALL5 & ,UNW9 9 #a#i#b#i4 ,?IS WORK DEVOTES A CONSID]ABLE AM\NT ( SPACE TO ,BAKUN91 & 9 ! MA9 IS FRI5DLY TO ! GREAT ,RUSSIAN REVOLUTIONI/4 ,RUHLE TREATS V]Y ?OR\<LY ( ! DIFF]5CE BETWE5 ,M>X & ,BAKUN94 

O ,AU?OR'S ,APPEAL 

,T,O ,$,I,T,O,R,S1 ,R,E,A,D,],S1 ,& ,L,I,B,R,>,I,A,N,S 

.<,! AU?OR HAS COLLECT$ N9E PAMPHLETS1 ,WORD ,LIBR>Y1 #a/ ,S]IES1 9TO ONE ,VOLUME1 & ISSU$ !M 9 COLLECT$ =M UND] ! TITLE ,ESSAYS 9 ,REVOLT44 ,?IS SECOND S]IES WILL BE COLLECT$ 9TO ANO!R VOLUME4.> 

,?IS COLLECTION ( ESSAYS WILL BE S5T TO A NUMB] ( PAP]S 9 ALL P>TS ( ! WORLD = REVIEW4 ,IT WILL BE S5T SPECIFICALLY TO ! PRESS 9 ,BRITA91 ,AM]ICA1 ! ,AM]ICAN ,COLONIES1 & ! ,BRITI% ,DOM9IONS4 ,$ITORS >E ASK$1 AS A FAVOR1 TO S5D COPIES ( !IR PAP]S CONTA9+ REVIEW NOTICES TO ! AU?OR4 

,! VOLUME WILL BE S5T1 ALSO1 TO ! *IEF PUBLIC LIBR>IES 9 ,BRITA9 & ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES4 ,IT WILL BE S5T PO/ FREE TO ANY PUBLIC LIBR>Y 9 ! WORLD ON ! RECEIPT ( AN APPLICATION FROM ! LIBR>IAN4 ,READ]S >E REM9D$ ?AT ! FIR/ $ITIONS ( EA* ( ! PAMPHLETS1 REVIS$ & COLLECT$ 9 ?IS VOLUME1 CAN BE CONSULT$ 9 ! ,BRITI% ,MUSEUM4 ,SOME ( !M >E TO BE F\ND 9 ! ,PUBLIC ,LIBR>Y AT ,NEW ,YORK4 

,READ]S >E ASK$ TO PUR*ASE SEV]AL COPIES ( ! WORK & TO CIRCULATE ! COPIES AMONG !IR FRI5DS4 ,ORD] SMALL QUANTITIES AT R$UC$ RATES4 ,! /RUGGLE = BREAD & FRE$OM1 = CULTURE & LIB]TY1 AS WELL AS SECURITY1 MU/ BE REVIV$ & REW>D$4 ,IF ! READ] BELONGS TO SOME ORGANIZATION ?AT CONDUCTS MEET+S1 HE %\LD >RANGE = ! AU?OR TO VISIT HIS T[N1 & TO BE AF=D$ A FREE PLAT=M FROM :I* TO DEF9E HIS POSITION4 ,! AU?OR MAY BE WRONG ON A ?\S& PO9TS1 BUT ! REVIVAL ( ?\<T & DISCUSSION MU/ BE RI<T4 ,! ,GLASG[ ,CL>ION ,SOCIETY DID ?IS 9 #a#i#a#b4 ,:Y NOT Y\R ORGANIZATION TO-DAY8 

,! WIDESPREAD CIRCULATION ( ?IS WORK1 AP>T FROM ITS CO/ ( PR9T+ WILL BE AN EXP5SIVE BUS9ESS4 ,IT WILL BE FOLL[$ BY O!R BOOKS ?AT WILL BE CIRCULAT$ 9 ! SAME WAY4 ,IF ! READ] HAS 5JOY$ READ+ ,ESSAYS 9 ,REVOLT1 & IF HE CAN ASSI/ 9 ! CO/ ( POPUL>IZ+ ! BOOK1 HE OR %E %\LD DO SO4 ,! AU?OR WELCOMES DONATIONS 9 ! /RUGGLE & ! MONEY SO RECEIV$ WILL BE US$ 9 ! PUBLIC 9T]E/ & TO FUR!R ! CAUSE ( ?\<T & FRE$OM TO :I* HE HAS D$ICAT$ HIS 5]GIES4 ,A ?\S& PEOPLE1 HELP+ FROM A ?\S& QU>T]S1 >E AN ORGANIZATION ( /R5G? & 5]GY = PROGRESS1 ! =CE ( :I* CANNOT BE E/IMAT$4 ,HELP N[4 

,ALSO1 IF Y\ >E CRITICAL1 S5D ALONG Y\R CRITICISMS4 ,IF Y\ SEE A NOTICE ( ?IS BOOK1 FRI5DLY1 OR UNFRI5DLY1 S5D IT ALONG4 

,:ATEV] Y\R COMMUNICATION1 ADDRESS IT TO ! AU?OR AT HIS PRIVATE ADDRESS ,G,U,Y ,A,L,D,R,$1 #e ,B,A,L,I,O,L ,/,R,E,E,T1 ,G,A,L,S,G,[1 ,C4#c1 ,S,C,O,T,L,&4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,NOVEMB] #c1 #aici 3 ,BAKUN9 -- ,PUBLICATION4 
,SEPTEMB] #a#c1 #bba 3 ,BAKUN9 -- ,ADD$4 
,JANU>Y #i1 #bbb 3 ,BAKUN9 -- ,UPDAT$4 

 FILE G5]AT$ FROM 3  
HTTP3_/_/REVOLTLIB4COM_/