,BIOTE*NOLOGY1 ,CONFUSION1 ,FE> & ,PROTE/ 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,CONOR ,MC,L\<L9 

,TEXT 3 

,ON ! #b#f? ( ,JUNE #b RESE>*]S ANN\NC$ ?AT !Y HAD F9ALLY CREAT$ A R\< MAP ( ! HUMAN G5OME -- ALMO/ #c BILLION ,D,N,A LETT]S4 ,9 ,DECEMB] #b ,BRITI% ,M,PS VOT$ TO ALL[ SCI5TI/S TO COLLECT CELLS FROM HUMAN EMBRYOS & TO SUB/ITUTE A NUCLEI FROM AN ADULT CELL 9TO EMBRYO CELLS = RESE>* PURPOSES4 ,!SE SORTS ( DEVELOPM5TS LEAVE MANY PEOPLE CONFUS$ & FRI<T5$4 

,! ,B,S,E1 & ,FOOT & ,M\?1 CRISES HAVE LEFT PEOPLE WOND]+ >E SCI5TI/S & GOV]NM5TS TO BE TRU/$ 9 !SE >EAS4 ,!RE HAS BE5 A CONSUM] REVOLT AGA9/ ,G5ETICALLY ,ALT]$ FOODS & ACTIVI/S HAVE RU%$ TO PULL UP G5ETICALLY ALT]$ CROPS4 ,SO :AT'S ALL ?IS AB\T8 ,IS IT ANY USE TO ANYONE OR JU/ ANO!R EXAMPLE ( BIG SCI5CE & BIG BUS9ESS GO+ MAD AT \R EXP5SE8 

,:AT IS ,G5ETIC ,5G9E]+8 

  

,G5ETIC ,5G9E]+ 7,G,E7 REF]S TO A SET ( TE*NOLOGIES ?AT MAKE IT POSSIBLE TO TRANSF] G5ES BETWE5 ORGANISMS4 ,G5ES >E *EMICAL SEQU5CES F\ND 9 ! NUCLEUS ( EV]Y LIV+ CELL1 :I* WORK AS PLANS OR BLUEPR9TS TO MANUFACTURE PROTE9S4 ,?US G5ES WORK+ 9 CONJUNCTION ) 5VIRONM5T & UPBR++ >E CRUCIAL 9 DET]M9+ ! MAKEUP ( ANY LIV+ 5TITY4 ,= EXAMPLE ,I C\LD HAVE 9H]IT$ A G5E :I* MAKES ME BIG & FAT BUT CLE>LY IF ,I CAN'T GET FOOD OR DON'T EAT !N ,I WILL REMA9 SK9NY4 ,MY G5ES GIVE ME A C]TA9 POT5TIALITY BUT ! 9FLU5CES >\ND ME DECIDE TO :AT EXT5T ! POT5TIAL COMES ?R\<4 

,G,E1 BY 5ABL+ G5ES TO BE TRANSF]R$ & !N SWIT*$ ON 9 TOTALLY NEW ORGANISMS1 MAKES POSSIBLE TRAITS1 :I* C\LD NEV] HAVE >IS5 ?R\< CONV5TIONAL BRE$+4 ,PREVI\SLY A BRE$] :O WANT$ A PURPLE V>IETY ( C[ W\LD HAVE TO F9D A PURPLE C[ OR A PURPLE ANIMAL CLOSE TO A C[ & SET-UP A PROGRAM TO BRE$ ?IS TRAIT 9TO CONV5TIONAL C[S4 ,A G5ETIC 5G9E] SIMPLY EXTRACTS A G5E1 :I* CODES = A PROTE9 ?AT CREATES A PURPLE PIGM5T FROM ANY ORGANISM & TRANSF]S IT 9TO AN UNF]TILIZ$ EGG4 ,:5 ! EGG IS F]TILIZ$ & ! NEW C[ GR[S UP1 & IF ! SCI5TI/ HAS F\ND A WAY TO MAKE SURE ! G5E IS SWIT*$ ON 9 ! C['S COAT -- %E WILL BE PURPLE4.<#a.> ,SO F> ALMO/ ALL SUCCESS 9 ?IS >EA HAS BE5 ) PLANTS RA!R ?AN ANIMALS :]E IT IS EASY TO G5]ATE A NEW PLANT FROM A S+LE CELL4 

,G,E HAS EXI/$ MORE OR LESS S9CE ! #a#i#gS BUT IT IS ONLY 9 ! LA/ #a-#a#e YE>S ?AT IT HAS BECOME A POT5TIAL MONEYMAK] ESPECIALLY 9 ! >EA ( CROP PLANTS4 

,! ,AM]ICAN BIOTE*NOLOGY GIANT ,MONSANTO HAS OV] ! C\RSE ( ! LA/ #ae YE>S1 MODIFI$ SEV]AL POPUL> CROP PLANTS TO MAKE !M RESI/ANT TO IT'S H]BICIDE ,R\NDUP4 ,?IS HAS OBVI\SLY MEANT A HUGE 9CREASE 9 M>KETS & SALES4 ,O!R CROPS :I* HAVE BE5 MODIFI$ 9CLUDE TOMATOES :]E ! RIP5+ PROCESS IS L5G!N$ SO ?AT !Y CAN BE TRANSPORT$ LONG] DI/ANCES4 ,9 ,IREL& ,GU9NESS HAVE SP5T YE>S 7SEEM+LY UNKN[N TO 5VIRONM5TAL ACTIVI/S1 MANY ( :OM HAVE BE5 KN[N TO CONSUME L>GE QUANTITIES67 TRANSF]R+ G5ES 9TO DIFF]5T /RA9S ( YEA/ TO IMPROVE !IR BREW+ PROCESS4 

,H[EV]1 S9CE ! 9TRODUCTION 9TO ! ,EUROPEAN M>KET ( FOOD/UFFS D]IV$ FROM G5ETICALLY 5G9E]$ PLANTS 7,NOTE3 !Y'VE BE5 SELL+ 9 ! ,U,S M>KET = SEV]AL YE>S ALREADY671 MASSIVE CONSUM] CONC]N HAS EM]G$4 ,SO-CALL$ ,G,M 7,G5ETICALLY ,MODIFI$7 FOOD HAS BECOME A BIG ISSUE4 ,?AT SAID1 IT IS WOR? NOT+ ?AT ,G,M FOOD IS ONLY ONE ( A NUMB] ( FOOD TE*NOLOGIES ?AT COME UND] ! UND] ! G5]AL HEAD+ ( BIOTE*NOLOGY4 ,ONE IS ! ID5TIFICATION & POSSIBLE TREATM5T ( SO-CALL$ SIMPLE ,G5ETIC ,DISORD]S :]E A PROBLEM CAN BE TRAC$ TO ONE OR TWO DEFECTIVE G5ES -- ,CY/IC ,FIBROSIS BE+ JU/ ONE SU* :]E PROGRESS HAS BE5 MADE4 

,CLON+ IS ANO!R4 ,! CLON+ ( ,DOLLY ! %EEP CAUS$ MASSIVE M$IA 9T]E/4 ,MORE REC5TLY ! SAME TEAM ( SCI5TI/S HAVE CLON$ A MONKEY -- SEV]AL C\NTRIES 9CLUD+ ,JAPAN & ,BRITA9 N[ HAVE LEGAL BANS ON HUMAN CLON+1 :I* IS PROBABLY ALREADY SCI5TIFICALLY QUITE FEASIBLE4 

,! ,GOOD 

  

,BE=E LOOK+ AT ,G,E 9 ! CONTEXT ( ! ECONOMICS ( CAPITALISM ,I WILL TRY TO LOOK AT ! TE*NOLOGY P] SE4 ,AN IMPORTANT QUE/ION NE$S TO BE ASK$3 IS ,G,E 9 ITSELF SAFE & POT5TIALLY ( B5EFIT8 ,9 ANSW]+ ?IS IT NE$S TO BE BORNE 9 M9D ?AT ?OSE :O ADVOCATE ,G,E CLAIM A WIDE NUMB] ( B5EFITS ON ITS BEHALF4 ,?\< SOME ( !SE CLAIMS >E WILD & (F ! M>K1 !RE >E UND\BT$LY SOME REAL B5EFITS TO BE A*IEV$ ?R\< ?IS NEW TE*NOLOGY4 

,ONE 9 P>TICUL> IS ! >EA ( 9H]ITABLE DISEASE4 ,ALREADY SOME PROGRESS HAS BE5 MADE ID5TIFY+ DISEASES ?AT >E CAUS$ BE DEFICI5CIES 9 \R HUMAN G5ES1 9 P>TICUL> DEFICI5CIES PRES5T 9 NEW-BORN BABIES4 ,AL?\< PH>MACEUTICAL COMPANIES 7CONC]N$ PRIM>ILY ) MAK+ PR(ITS7 F9ANCE MU* ( ?IS RESE>*1 IT IS OBVI\S ?AT !RE IS REAL VALUE TO IT4 ,H[EV] *>ITABLE F\NDATIONS1 :I* DON'T HAVE A DIRECT PR(IT MOTIVE1 F9ANCE SOME RESE>* 9 ?IS >EA2 ! B5EFITS ( RESE>* FROM !SE BODIES C\LD BE MADE MU* MORE WIDELY AVAILABLE4 

,ANO!R >EA ) OBVI\S POT5TIAL B5EFITS IS ?AT ( REPRODUCTIVE TE*NOLOGY4 ,MANY *ILDLESS C\PLES HAVE B5EFIT$ FROM V>I\S TE*NIQUES1 = EXAMPLE 9CREAS+ ! PRODUCTION ( EGGS 9 A WOMAN & !N H>VE/+ !M & COMB9+ SP]M & EGGS >TIFICIALLY4 ,AL?\< ?IS RESE>* HAS (T5 BE5 CONTROV]SIAL 9 NATURE 7= EXAMPLE SEE ! REC5T DEBATES H]E & 9 ,5GL& ON ! USE ( /OR$1 FROZ5 EMBRYOS71 AN>*I/S HAVE BE5 AT ! =EFRONT 9 DEF5D+ ?IS TYPE ( RESE>* AGA9/ ATTACK FROM ! PRO-LIFE MOVEM5T & O!R MORALI/S ( ! ,RI<T4 

,OBVI\SLY !RE >E S5SITIVE ISSUES 9 ?IS >EA BUT WE W\LD >GUE ?AT ON BALANCE ?IS SORT ( RESE>* C\LD LEAD TO REAL & TANGIBLE B5EFITS4 ,9 FACT1 IF ANY QUE/IONS >E TO BE RAIS$ AB\T ?IS TE*NOLOGY SURELY ! QUE/ION ( ACCESS TO HEAL? IMPROVEM5TS HAS TO BE TOP ( ! LI/4 ,IT REMA9S TRUE ?AT1 :ILE HUGE IMPROVEM5TS HAVE BE5 ! ORD] ( ! DAY 9 ! M$ICAL E/ABLI%M5T OV] ! LA/ FEW DECADES1 ! PROBLEM REMA9S ?AT ONLY ! REALLY WEAL?Y CAN ACCESS !SE S]VICES ON ANY ONGO+ BASIS -- PRECISELY BECAUSE SU* S]VICES >E SO EXP5SIVE6 

,FE$ ! WORLD8 

  

,ONE ( MO/ PROM95T EXCUSES PUT =W>D BY MANY ( ! MULT9ATIONAL FOOD CORPORATION TO JU/IFY ! 9TRODUCTION ( ,G,E FOODS 'IS TO SOLVE ! PROBLEM ( WORLD FOOD %ORTAGE6' ,AS ,MONSANTO PUT IT 0,AS A LIFE SCI5CES COMPANY ,MONSANTO IS COMMITT$ TO F9D+ SOLUTIONS TO ! GR[+ GLOBAL NE$S = FOOD & HEAL?0.<#b.>4 ,AL?\< ?IS S\NDS NICE1 IT IS NONS5SE6 

,FIR/LY !RE IS MORE ?AN 5\< FOOD TO FE$ ! WORLD SEV]AL TIMES OV] ALREADY4 ,!RE >E HUGE FOOD M\NTA9S & !SE C\LD EASILY PROVIDE ! #d4#c P\NDS 79 WEI<T7 ( FOOD ?AT ! AV]AGE P]SON NE$S TO LIVE & PROSP] ON P] DAY4 ,?IS W\LD 9CLUDE TWO & A HALF P\NDS ( GRA91 BEANS & NUTS1 AB\T HALF A P\ND ( MEAT1 MILK & EGGS1 & ANO!R ( FRUIT & VEGETABLES6 .<#c.> 

,! PROBLEM1 9 O!R WORDS1 IS NOT FOOD BUT ! DI/RIBUTION ( :AT IS ALREADY BE+ PRODUC$4 ,HUNG] & POV]TY >E A MAN-MADE PROBLEM -- MORE SPECIFICALLY A PROBLEM CAUS$ & MA9TA9$ BY ! MANN] 9 :I* ! WORLD ECONOMY IS ORGANIZ$3 TO PRODUCE PR(ITS FIR/ & TO MEET NE$S SECOND -- CAPITALISM4 ,IT IS ALSO WOR? BE>+ 9 M9D ?AT TO DATE NO ,G,E FOOD RESE>* HAS BE5 DEVOT$ TO 9CREAS+ YIELD P] SE4 ,RA!R CURR5T ,G,E FOOD RESE>* SUPPORTS & PROMOTES 9T5SIVE AGRICULTURE ME?ODS1 :I* MAY EV5TUALLY CUT 9TO BO? ! QUALITY & EV5 ! QUANTITY ( FOOD WE EAT4 

,! ,BAD 

  

,:5 IT COMES TO EXAM9+ ! BAD SIDE ( BIOTE*NOLOGY 9DU/RY1 IT IS ONCE AGA9 DIFFICULT TO SEP>ATE \T ?IS FEATURE FROM ! REALITY ?AT FOOD PRODUCTION TODAY IS ORGANIZ$ PRIM>ILY TO MEET ! PR(IT NE$S ( GIANT CORPORATIONS4 

,IT IS ACCEPT$ BY MANY SCI5TI/S ?AT HUMANS OR ANIMALS :O CONSUME ,G,M FOOD WILL BE EXPOS$ TO 0REMOTE BUT REAL RISKS0 .<#d.> ,= EXAMPLE1 IF A NEW PROTE9 IS 9TRODUC$ FROM A NON-FOOD ORGANISM 9TO A FOOD IT MAY CAUSE ALL]GIC REACTIONS4 ,ONLY V]Y C>EFUL LONG-T]M MONITOR+ ( A L>GE GR\P ( CONSUM]S C\LD DET]M9E :E!R !RE W]E SU* PROBLEMS4 ,SIMIL>LY = LONG-T]M GA/RO9TE/9AL PROBLEMS OR CANC]S4 ,AT PRES5T ONLY S+LE G5ES ) WELL UND]/OOD EFFECTS >E BE+ TRANSF]R$4 ,BUT ! NEXT G5]ATION ( ,G,M FOODS MAY 9VOLVE SEV]AL G5ES- H[ WILL !SE 9T]ACT8 ,! TRU? IS NO ONE KN[S6 

,& A FUR!R COMPLICATION IS LIES ) A SEEM+LY M9OR ASPECT 9 ! CURR5T TE*NOLOGY -- ?IS IS ! COMMON USE ( ANTIBIOTIC RESI/ANCE G5ES ?AT >E ATTA*$ TO ! TRANSF]R$ G5ES TO MONITOR !IR PROGRESS4 ,?IS RESI/ANCE MAY BE TRANSF]R$ TO BACT]IA 9 ! BODY & LAT] TO 9FECT+ BACT]IA4 ,RESI/ANCE TO MAJOR ANTIBIOTICS IS A GR[+ PROBLEM 9 HOSPITALS4 ,F9ALLY !RE MAYBE O!R SUBTLE EFFECTS1 = EXAMPLE G5ES MAY 9S]T R&OMLY 9TO ,D,N,A SWIT*+ O!R G5ES ON & (F ) POT5TIALLY BAD EFFECTS4 ,AL?\< MILLIONS WORLDWIDE DO CONSUME G5ETICALLY ALT]$ FOOD DAILY1 = EXAMPLE YEA/ & SOY1 WE /ILL CANNOT BE SURE ( ! POT5TIAL LONG T]M EFFECTS & V]Y LITTLE /UDY HAS BE5 DONE4 

444,& ! D[NRI<T ,UGLY 

  

,SO MU* = ! TE*NOLOGY ITSELF -- 9 SO F> AS IT CAN BE JUDG$4 ,H[EV]1 9 A CAPITALI/ WORLD NO TE*NOLOGY IS IMPLEM5T$ = ! B5EFIT ( ! MANY4 ,! USE ( BIOTE*NOLOGY HAS BE5 A P]FECT EXAMPLE ( H[ RETA9+ M>KET %>E & 9/ANT PR(ITS HAVE PR$OM9AT$ OV] ALL O!R CONSID]ATIONS4 

,= EXAMPLE1 F>M]S :O BUY SE$S FROM *EMICAL GIANT ,MONSANTO CANNOT SAVE SE$S4 ,MONSANTO HAVE TAK5 HUNDR$S ( SE$ PIRACY CASES 7SEE ,DE ,PAOR1 IBID474 ,BESIDES S5D+ ,P9K]TON DETECTIVES 9TO ! F>M]S' FIELDS ! COMPANY SPONSORS A FREE L9E SO !IR NEI<BORS CAN BL[ ! :I/LE & !Y PLACE ADS ON ! RADIO NAM+ & %AM+ ?OSE :O HAVE 0/OL5 ! COMPANY'S G5ES04 ,SU* L5G?S MAY NO LONG] BE NECESS>Y1 AS ,MONSANTO HAS N[ PAT5T$ A T]M9ATOR G5E ?AT 5SURES ?AT ! PLANTS CANNOT PRODUCE NEW SE$4 ,?IS HAS NO USEFUL PROP]TY O!R !N =C+ F>M]S TO BUY PAT5T$ ,MONSANTO SE$ EV]Y YE>6 

,G,E IS BE+ US$ TO GRAB A FEW SPECIFIC TRAITS -- TRANSF] !M & PAT5T ! RESULT+ ORGANISMS4 ,G,E HAS BE5 9TIMATELY TI$ 9 ) 9T5SIVE AGRICULTURE1 ) MASSIVE 9PUTS ( *EMICAL WE$ KILL]S & F]TILIZ]S4 ,! #bg CORPORATIONS :O HAVE H]BICIDE-RESI/ANT PLANT PROGRAMS 9CLUDE ! #h L>GE/ PE/ICIDE COMPANIES 9 ! WORLD NAMELY2 ,BAY]1 ,CIBA ,GEIGY1 #a,C#a1 ,RHONE-,P\L5C1 ,D[_/ ,ELANCO1 ,MONSANTO1 ,HOES*T & ,DU ,PONT AS WELL AS ALMO/ ALL ! SE$ COMPANIES MO/ ( :I* HAVE BE5 B\<T BY ! *EMICAL COMPANIES4.<#e.> 

,G,M PLANTS1 AS PRES5TLY BE+ DEVELOP$1 POSE SEV]AL 5VIRONM5TAL RISKS 9CLUD+3 

#a4 ,A LOSS ( G5ETIC DIV]SITY4 ,BETWE5 #ahde & #ahdg ALMO/ #a MILLION PEOPLE W]E WIP$ \T BY FAM9E & DISEASE & ANO!R #a MILLION EMIGRAT$4 ,!RE W]E ECONOMIC & POLITICAL REASONS = ?IS BUT ! DIRECT CAUSE ( ! FAM9E WAS A DEP5D5CE ON ONE V>IETY ( ONE PLANT2 ! POTATO4 ,! POTATO REMA9S A /APLE 9 ! ,IRI% DIET ONLY BECAUSE RESE>*]S W]E ABLE TO GO TO ! ,&ES & ,MEXICO & F9D NEW /RA9S RESI/ANT TO BLI<T4 ,!SE W]E !N CROSS$ ) ! ORIG9AL POTATO TO 9TRODUCE ! NEW TRAIT4 ,! LESSON IS ?AT A LOSS ( G5ETIC V>IETY IS DISA/R\S4 

,! WORLDWIDE TR5D ) 9T5SIVE AGRICULTURE IS TO CONC5TRATE ON A SMALL NUMB] ( V>IETIES4 ,! ,G,M 9DU/RY IS AT ! HE>T ( ?IS PROCESS4 ,! CORPORATIONS >E G5E ?IEVES1 EXTRACT+ 9DIVIDUAL G5ES FROM P>TICUL> PLANTS4 ,!Y DEP5D ON A RI* V>IETY FROM :I* TO 0M9E0 ! G5ES4 ,BUT !Y !N PAT5T ! ALT]$ PLANT & 5C\RAGE MASS MONO-CULTUR+1 :]E A HUGE NUMB] ( F>M]S GR[ !M & AB&ON ! OLD V>IETIES4 ,ULTIMATELY ?IS N>R[S ! G5E POOL1 AS O!R V>IETIES ( ! CROP >E NO LONG] GR[N OR EV5 WIP$ \T AS WE$S4 

,! EVID5CE IS !RE4 ,BO? CONV5TIONAL BRE$+ & ,G,E >E LEAD+ TO MASS ]OSION ( G5ETIC V>IATION4 ,9 ! LA/ #h YE>S #i#g.0 ( VEGETABLE V>IETIES 9 ! ,U,S,A HAVE BECOME EXT9CT4 ,9 ,9DIA !RE W]E #c1 V>IETIES ( RICE #e YE>S AGO N[ #g#e.0 ( ! TOTAL CROP IS ACC\NT$ = BY JU/ #a V>IETIES4 ,?IS LOSS IS P]MAN5T4 ,G5ETIC 5G9E]+ CAN ONLY %UFFLE EXI/+ V>IETY1 IT CANNOT REALLY CREATE ANY?+ NEW4 

#b4 ,FUR!R ECOLOGICAL PROBLEMS >E EM]G+4 ,ONE IS ! TRANSF]5CE ( H]BICIDE RESI/ANCE 9TO WE$S4 ,C]EAL CROPS (T5 GR[ SIDE BY SIDE ) WE$Y GRASSES V]Y SIMIL> TO !MSELVES4 ,IT IS QUITE EASY = A RESI/ANT G5E TO BE TRANSF]R$ 9 ! POLL5 ( AN 5G9E]$ SPECIES4 ,EV5 IF ?IS DOESN'T HAPP5- 9CREAS+ USE ( H]BICIDES ON ! FIELDS ( RESI/ANT CROPS WILL 9CREASE SELECTION PRESSURE ON ! WE$S4 ,?IS WILL MAKE ! EM]G5CE ( 0SUP] WE$S0 A POSSIBILITY4 ,G5E FL[ HAS BE5 DEMON/RAT$ BETWE5 MAIZE & IT'S WE$Y PLANT RELATIVE TEOS9TE4 7,ALTI]I1 IBID47 

,! SAME APPLIES TO PLANTS 5G9E]$ TO PRODUCE !IR [N 9SECTICIDES4 ,SEV]AL COMM]CIAL CROP PLANTS HAVE BE5 5G9E]$ ) A NATURALLY OCCURR+ ANT- 9SECTICIDE PRODUC$ BY BACT]IA KN[N AS ,BACILLUS ,?UR+I5IS4 ,9SECTS >E N[ BE+ EXPOS$ TO MASSIVE DOSES ( ?IS TOX9 CONC5TRAT$ 9 5G9E]$ PLANTS4 ,! 5D RESULT CAN ONLY BE ?AT RESI/ANCE WILL DEVELOP QUITE FA/ AMONG SURVIVORS4 ,FUR!RMORE IT N[ APPE>S ?AT ,B,T ALSO KILLS NATURAL POLL9ATORS ( SOME PLANTS 9 ! POLL5 ( ! 5G9E]$ PLANTS4 

,MASSIVE 9CREASE 9 ! USE ( H]BICIDES LIKE ,MONSANTO'S ,R\NDUP MEANS ?AT B5EFICIAL ANIMALS LIKE SPID]S & WORMS >E ALSO WIP$ \T- ! H]BICIDES >E CONC5TRAT$ 9 ! FOOD *A9 RAIS+ ! QUE/ION ( HUMAN SAFETY :5 MASSIVE DOSES >E 9VOLV$4 

,PRIVATIZATION 

  

,PUT SIMPLY1 ! APPLICATION ( ,BIOTE*NOLOGY & ,G,E TO MA9TA9 PR(ITS & M>KET POSITIONS RAISES REAL ECOLOGICAL PROBLEMS & MAY C>RY RISKS = HUMAN HEAL?4 ,ONE F9AL EFFECT1 :I* IS (T5 PASS$ OV]1 IS ! PRIVATIZATION ( SCI5CE ITSELF4 ,SCI5CE RELIES = PROGRESS ON ! FREE EX*ANGE ( NEW IDEAS & EXP]IM5TAL 9=MATION ?R\< J\RNALS LIKE ,SCI5CE & ,NATURE4 ,9CREAS+LY1 RESE>* IS BE+ KEPT SECRET & ! RESULTS PAT5T$ BY BUS9ESS4 ,JU/ AS ! 5G9E]S /EAL ! ACCUMULAT$ KN[L$GE & BRE$+ ( ! LA/ FEW C5TURIES1 !Y >E ALSO PRIVATIZ+ SCI5TIFIC KN[L$GE4 #d#f.0 ( BIOTE*NOLOGY FIRMS SUPPORT RESE>* AT UNIV]SITIES 9 ! ,U,S,A & #cc \T ( #e /ATES HAVE UNIV]SITY-9DU/RY C5T]S = 0BIOTE*NOLOGY TRANSF]40 ,TO QUOTE ,ALTI]I1 ! *ALL5GE = UNIV]SITIES & /ATE FUND$ RESE>* WILL BE3  
  

0TO C>EFULLY MONITOR & CONTROL ! PROVISION ( APPLI$ NONPROPRIET>Y KN[L$GE TO ! PRIVATE SECTOR SO AS TO PROTECT ?AT SU* KN[L$GE WILL CONT9UE 9 ! PUBLIC DOMA9 = ! B5EFIT ( ALL SOCIETY40  
  

,9 SUMM>Y1 TAK+ BIOTE*NOLOGY & ,G,E 9 ISOLATION !RE MAY BE SOME B5EFITS E4G4 9 ! TREATM5T ( H]$IT>Y DISEASES & F]TILITY TREATM5T4 .<#f.> 

,AS ,G,E HAS BE5 APPLI$ ?R\< CAPITALISM IT HAS PROV$ DISA/R\S4 ,! 5VIRONM5T1 & POSSIBLY HUMAN HEAL?1 HAS BE5 SACRIFIC$ = PR(IT & MONOPOLY4 ,WE %\LD OPPOSE CURR5T TRIALS 9 ,IREL&4 ,:5 ACTIVI/S ATTACK$ A ,MONSANTO SUG> BEET TRIAL 9 ,%ANAG>Y ,CORK !Y W]E ACCUS$ ( BE+ LUDDITES4 ,H[EV] IT IS CLE> ?AT ! TRIALS >E RUBBI%4 ,IF !Y >E C>EFULLY REGULAT$ TO PREV5T ! ACCID5TAL RELEASE ( POLL5 !N !Y >E BOGUS TRIALS4 ,BUT IF !Y >E C>EFULLY REGULAT$ !N !Y DON'T REFLECT ! REAL DANG]S4 ,AS !Y >E BE+ CONDUCT$ BY ! COMPANIES !MSELVES !Y >E NOT SUBJECT TO NEUTRAL SCI5TIFIC EVALUATION4 ,ANYH[ !RE ISN'T MU* MONEY 9 PO9T+ \T ! DANG]S4 ,AS ,BUTL] & ,REI*HADRDT PUT IT 7,NATURE1 IBID47  
  

0SU* RESE>* IS UNATTRACTIVE TO RESE>*]S AS IT T5DS TO YIELD NEGATIVE RESULTS ?AT >E DIFFICULT TO PUBLI% & ACC\NT = TO FUND+ AG5CIES40  
  

,AN>*I/S >E NOT ANTI-TE*NOLOGY4 ,ON ! CONTR>Y WE ADVOCATE ! OPTIMUM USE ( SCI5CE & TE*NOLOGY = ! B5EFIT ( COMMON GOOD4 ,= EXAMPLE IF IT W]E POSSIBLE TO BUILD ROBOTS TO SWEEP /REETS1 SU* AN 9V5TION W\LD C]TA9LY BE WELCOME 9 AN AN>*I/ SOCIETY4 ,ISN'T IT 9 ALL \R 9T]E/S TO R$UCE ! TIME SP5T ON BOR+ & REPETITIVE TASKS8 

,UP TO A PO9T CAPITALISM ACCEL]ATES ! 9TRODUCTION ( NEW TE*NOLOGY & ! DEVELOPM5T ( NEW TE*NOLOGIES 7A REAL B5EFIT1 IT %\LD BE SAID1 TO ! CAPITALI/ =M ( ECONOMIC ORGANIZATION71 BUT CAPITALISM (T5 PLACES ! BRAKES ON NEW TE*NOLOGY TOO4 ,CAPITALI/S WILL ONLY 9VE/ 9 TE*NOLOGY ?AT CAN CUT CO/S1 ESPECIALLY LABOR CO/S1 & !REBY IMPROVE !IR COMPETITIVE POSITION4 ,= YE>S ! L>GE OIL COMPANIES HAVE B\<T \T PAT5TS = ALT]NATIVE 5]GY S\RCES & BURI$ !M4 ,ANYONE :O USES A COMPUT] HAS PROBABLY HAD AMPLE TIME TO REGRET ! DOM9ANCE ( TWO COMPANIES2 ,9TEL & ,MICROS(T :I* HAVE SL[$ RA!R !N IMPROV$ ! RATE ( EVOLUTION ( COMPUT] TE*NOLOGY 9 ORD] TO PRES]VE !IR MONOPOLIES4 

,CAPITALI/S ONLY 9VE/ 9 TE*NOLOGY :5 IT SUITS !M4 ,9 ?IS CONTEXT ,G,E AS IT /&S1 IS SIMPLY !FT4 ,!FT ( ! PROP]TY ( ! MANY 7BRE$]S & F>M]S7 = ! PR(IT ( A FEW4 ,! QUE/ION ( :E!R IT C\LD BE ( ANY B5EFIT IS A MOOT ONE UNTIL ! MANY HAVE P[] OV] ! DECISIONS ( :AT !Y PRODUCE & CONSUME4 

,GLOSS>Y 

  

,9 ORD] TO MAKE ?IS >TICLE EASI] TO UND]/& WE HAVE 9CLUD$ A %ORT GLOSS>Y ( TE*NICAL WORDS1 :I* >E EXPLA9$ H]E 9 A BIT MORE DETAIL 

,D,N,A3 ,! *EMICAL SUB/ANCE ,DIOXYRIBO,NUCLEIC,ACID ?AT MAKES UP G5ES4 ,D,N,A IS MADE UP ( #d DIFF]5T *EMICAL BASES OR LETT]S4 

,*ROMOSOMES3 ,*ROMOSOMES >E TI<TLY W\ND /R&S ( ,D,N,A BUNDL$ TOGE!R 9 AN >EA 9 ! C5T] ( V]Y CELL KN[N AS ! NUCLEUS4 ,*ROMOSOMES CONTA9 ALL ! G5ES = AN ANIMAL OR PLANT & A LOT ( EXTRA ,D,N,A :OSE FUNCTION IS /ILL UNSURE 7BACT]IA & O!R SIMPLE ORGANISMS DON'T HAVE !IR ,D,N,A COIL$ 9TO *ROMOSOMES BUT !Y DO HAVE G5ES7 

,G5ES3 ,G5ES >E SECTIONS ( ,D,N,A ?AT ACT AS BLUEPR9TS OR PLANS = ! CREATION ( PROTE9S4 ,PROTE9S DECIDE H[ ! BODY IS MADE UP & DEVELOPS4 ,HUMAN HAIR IS MADE UP ( PROTE91 AS IS HEMOGLOB9 ON Y\R BLOOD & Y\R F+]NAILS4 ,O!R PROTE9S CONTROL *EMICAL REACTIONS 9 ! BODY4 ,PROTE9S PLAY A CRUCIAL ROLE 9 MAK+ US :AT WE >E & SO G5ES :I* ACT AS BLUEPR9TS = PROTE9S HAVE A MAJOR P>T TO PLAY 9 \R MAKE UP4 

,G5OME3 ,! ,G5OME IS BASICALLY ALL ! ,D,N,A ON ALL ! ,*ROMOSOMES 9 A CELL1 9CLUD+ ALL ! G5ES4 

,CLONE3 ,A CLONE IS AN EXACT G5ETIC REPLICA ( AN 9DIVIDUAL ) EXACTLY ! SAME G5ES AS ! ORIG9AL -- ANYONE :O HAS EV] SUCCE$$ 9 ROOT+ A CUTT+ FROM A PLANT HAS1 9 FACT1 CREAT$ A CLONE4 

.<#a.> ,?IS IS NOT NE>LY AS F> FET*$ AS IT S\NDS4 ,! FIR/ ISSUE ( ! ,BRITI% MAGAZ9E ,NEW ,SCI5TI/ 7,JAN #f? #b#a7 C>RI$ AN 9T]VIEW ) A ,*ICAGO >TI/ ,$U>DO ,KAC4 ,HE PAID A ,FR5* LABORATORY TO CREATE A ,G5ETICALLY ,MODIFI$ ,RABBIT ?AT GL[S GRE5 9 BLUE LI<T4 ,KAC CLAIMS ?AT HE WI%ES TO USE ! RABBIT TO OP5 ! PROCESS ( G5ETIC MODIFICATION TO A MORE PUBLIC DISC\RSE6 

.<#b.> QUOT$ 9 0,WEIRD ,SCI5CE0 ,A9E ,DE ,PAOR1 ,MAGILL ,MAGAZ9E1 ,JULY #a#i#i#i7 

.<#c.> 0,:Y G5ETICALLY ALT]$ FOOD WON'T CONQU] HUNG]0 ,PET] ,ROSSET1 ,NEW ,YORK ,TIMES1 ,SEPTEMB] #a/ #a#i#i#i7 

.<#d.> 0,LONG-T]M EFFECTS ( ,G,M FOOD S]VES UP FOOD = ?\<T10 ,DECLAN ,BUTL] & ,TONY ,REI*H>DT1 ,NATURE #c#i#h3#f#e#a1 ,APRIL #bb #a#i#i#i47 

.<#e.> 0,! ,5VIRONM5TAL ,RISKS ( ,TRANSG5IC ,CROPS3 ,AN AGRO-ECOLOGICAL ,ASSESSM5T0 ,MIGUEL ,ALTEI]I1 ,DEP>TM5T ( ,5VIRONM5TAL ,SCI5CE -- ,UNIV]SITY ( ,CALI=NIA7 

.<#f.> ,!RE >E ALSO SOME !ORETICAL IDEAS = 5G9E]+ PLANTS ?AT C\LD FIX !IR [N ,NITROG5 FROM ! SOIL OR HAVE HI< TOL]ANCE TO SALTY CONDITIONS4 ,!SE ?+S MI<T BE ( ,R,E,A,L B5EFIT TO POOR C\NTRIES4 ,NE$LESS TO SAY B>ELY A P5NY HAS GONE 9TO ?IS RESE>*4 

7,S\RCE3 ,RETRIEV$ ON #h? ,AUGU/ #bba FROM /RUGGLE4WS47 

,FROM 3 ,!,AN>*I/,LIBR>Y4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,JANU>Y #a#g1 #bbb 3 ,BIOTE*NOLOGY1 ,CONFUSION1 ,FE> & ,PROTE/ -- ,ADD$4 

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HTTP3_/_/REVOLTLIB4COM_/