,BOOK*9'S ,TROTSKYI/ ,DECADE 
#a#i#c#i-#a#i#d#h 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,JANET ,BIEHL 

,AU?OR 3 ,ABDULLAH ,OCALAN 

,AU?OR 3 ,MURRAY ,BOOK*9 

,TEXT 3 

,M,U,R,R,A,Y ,B,O,O,K,*,9 ,I,S ,K,N,[,N ,T,O,D,A,Y AS ! 9TELLECTUAL ORIG9ATOR ( RADICAL ECOLOGY 9 ! E>LY #a#i#fS4 ,SOCIAL ECOLOGY1 AS HE NAM$ IT1 WAS & REMA9S A PROGRAM = ! DEC5TRALIZATION ( SOCIETY 9TO SMALL-SCALE COMMUNITIES ?AT1 9 CONF$]ATION1 W\LD MANAGE & CONTROL A SOCIALIZ$ 0PO/-SC>CITY0 ECONOMY4 ,! COMMUNITIES W\LD BE 9TEGRAT$ ) ! 5VIRONM5T1 P[]$ BY R5EWABLE 5]GY1 GR\ND$ 9 SOPHI/ICAT$ AUTOMAT$ & M9IATURIZ$ TE*NOLOGY1 & SELF-GOV]N$ BY CITIZ5S 9 A FACE-TO-FACE DEMOCRACY4 ,HIS WORK WAS HI<LY 9FLU5TIAL 9 ! #a#i#gS1 :5 HIS WRIT+S W]E TRANSLAT$ 9TO MANY ,EUROPEAN LANGUAGES4 

,HIS MATURE IDEAS W]E ! CULM9ATION ( DECADES ( 9T5SE CONC5TRATION ON ! PROBLEM ( R5EW+ ! REVOLUTION>Y PROJECT4 ,BORN 9 ! ,BRONX 9 #aiba TO ,RUSSIAN ,JEWI% IMMIGRANTS1 HE RECEIV$ HIS E>LIE/ RADICAL SOCIALI/ $UCATION AS A *ILD FROM HIS GR&MO!R1 A D$ICAT$ ,SOCIALI/ ,REVOLUTION>Y4 ,9 #aic HE 5T]$ ! ,COMMUNI/ MOVEM5T1 JO9+ ! ,Y\NG ,PIONE]S & !N1 9 #a#i#c#d1 ! ,C,P,U,S,A'S ,Y\NG ,COMMUNI/ ,LEAGUE1 BECOM+ $UCATION DIRECTOR ( HIS BRAN* DUR+ ! MOVEM5T'S ULTRA-REVOLUTION>Y ,?IRD ,P]IOD4 

,9 #aice ,/AL91 RECOGNIZ+ ! ?REAT ?AT ,NAZI ,G]MANY POS$ TO ! ,SOVIET ,UNION1 T]M9AT$ ! ,?IRD ,P]IOD & CALL$ 9/EAD = ,COMMUNI/S >\ND ! WORLD TO SEEK ,POPUL> ,FRONT ALLIANCES4 ,?AT IS1 !Y W]E TO AB&ON !IR EF=TS ON BEHALF ( SOCIALI/ REVOLUTION & 9/EAD MAKE ALLIANCES ) MORE CONV5TIONAL P>TIES1 EV5 ULTIMATELY SOCIAL DEMOCRATIC & B\RGEOIS P>TIES4 ,! %IFT CAME AS A %OCK TO ,BOOK*94 ,BY ! 5D ( ! #aici HE LEFT ! ,C,P,U,S,A & F\ND A MORE COM=TABLE IDEOLOGICAL HOME ) ! ,SOCIALI/ ,WORK]S ,P>TY4 ,! ,TROTSKYI/S1 AFT] ALL1 W]E /ILL REVOLUTION>IES1 ID5TIFY+ AS ! TRUE ,BOL%EVIKS1 HOP+ TO OV]?R[ NOT ONLY WE/]N CAPITALISM BUT ,/AL9'S REGIME AS WELL4 

,P>T ,I3 ,! ,SOCIALI/ ,WORK]S ,P>TY 

  

,A NEW WORLD W> HAD BEGUN4 ,TO ! ,TROTSKYI/S ( ! ,F\R? ,9T]NATIONAL1 IT SEEM$ TO BE FOLL[+ ! SC5>IO ( ! ,GREAT ,W>4 ,ONCE AGA9 ,G]MANY WAS ! AGGRESSOR4 ,ONCE AGA91 ADVANC$ CAPITALI/ C\NTRIES W]E COMPET+ = HEGEMONY4 ,ONCE AGA91 ! W> WAS IMP]IALI/4 ,9 FACT1 ! ,SECOND ,WORLD ,W> SEEM$ TO BE A CONT9UATION ( ! ,FIR/4 ,SO = ?IS W>1 ,TROTSKYI/S W\LD FOLL[ ! SAME PLAYBOOK ?AT HAD WORK$ SO WELL ! LA/ TIME4 ,BACK 9 #a#i#a#g1 ! ,BOL%EVIKS HAD OPPOS$ ! W>1 SO ! ,TROTSKYI/S ( #aici W\LD DO ! SAME4 ,9 #aiag W>-WE>Y ,RUSSIANS HAD RALLI$ TO ! ,BOL%EVIKS2 N[ ! 9T]W> PROLET>IAT TOO W\LD RALLY TO ! ,BOL%EVIKS' TRUE HEIRS4 ,9 #aiag ! W> HAD L$ TO REVOLUTION2 ! NEW W> W\LD 5D 9 MULTIPLE REVOLUTIONS4 ,! ,RUSSIAN PROLET>IAT W\LD OV]?R[ ,/AL9'S REGIME1 ! ,G]MAN WORK]S W\LD OV]?R[ ! ,NAZIS1 & ! ,WE/]N PROLET>IAT W\LD DEMOLI% CAPITALISM4 ,! W>1 ,TROTSKY PR$ICT$ CONFID5TLY 9 ,JULY #a#i#c#i1 W\LD 0PROVOKE ) ABSOLUTE 9EVITABILITY ! WORLD REVOLUTION & ! COLLAPSE ( ! CAPITALI/ SY/EM40.<#a.> 

,ALL %\LD & W\LD BE P]SUAD$ TO GIVE !IR ALLEGIANCE TO ! ,F\R? ,9T]NATIONAL1 :OSE PROGRAM1 SAID ,TROTSKY1 W\LD 0BE ! GUIDE ( MILLIONS1 & !SE REVOLUTION>Y MILLIONS WILL KN[ H[ TO /ORM E>? & HEAV540.<#b.> ,SURELY ) SU* A GREAT REVOLUTION>Y AT ! HELM1 & ) ! LAWS ( HI/ORY ON !IR SIDE1 ! PROLET>IAT W\LD 9DE$ LEAD ! WORLD TO SOCIALI/ REVOLUTION4 

,9 E>LY #a#i#d1 ! ,AM]ICAN ,S,W,P HAD #b1#e MEMB]S4 ,MANY ( ?OSE 9 ! ,NEW ,YORK SECTION W]E *ILDR5 ( ,JEWI% IMMIGRANTS4 ,MO/ W]E QUITE A BIT OLD] ?AN N9ETE5-YE>-OLD ,MURRAY4 ,FELIX ,MORR[1 AGE ?IRTY-F\R1 WAS ! AU?OR ( ,REVOLUTION & ,C\NT]REVOLUTION 9 ,SPA91 :I* EXPLA9$ H[ ,/AL9I/S HAD SUPPRESS$ A ,SPANI% AN>*I/ REVOLUTION ON ! P59SULA4 ,AL ,GOLDMAN1 =TY-?REE1 HAD BE5 ,TROTSKY'S ATTORNEY DUR+ ! #ai* ,DEWEY ,COMMISSION 9QUIRY4 

,S,W,P MEET+S MU/ HAVE BE5 DAZZL+1 ATT5D$ BY RADICAL 9TELLECTUAL LUM9>IES LIKE ,SIDNEY ,HOOK1 :OSE UND]/&+ ( DIALECTICS WAS UNSURPASS$2 ,DWI<T ,MACDONALD1 A WELL-KN[N J\RNALI/2 & O!RS4 ,!Y MADE ,TROTSKYISM1 = A TIME1 0! LEAD+ ,AM]ICAN RADICAL MOVEM5T 9 T]MS ( P] CAPITA BRA9 P[]40.<#c.> 

,ALL %>$ A GREAT ADMIRATION = ! 9TELLECTUAL >*ITECT ( ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION & ! COMM&] ( ! ,R$ ,>MY1 ! P>AGON ( ! ACTIVI/ 9TELLECTUAL1 A MAN ( LETT]S :O C\LD ALSO LEAD & COMM& TROOPS4 ,LIKE ,MURRAY1 !Y ADMIR$ HIS C\RAGE & DET]M9ATION 9 DEFY+ ,/AL94 ,= T5 YE>S HE HAD BE5 *AS$ BY A REL5TLESS POLICE =CE OV] ?REE CONT95TS & SUBJECT$ TO A SL&]\S PROPAG&A CAMPAIGN1 YET HE NEV] FALT]$4 0,9 ! #a#i#cS HE /OOD UP AGA9/ ,/AL9 ALMO/ 5TIRELY ALONE10 RECALL$ ,MURRAY YE>S LAT]4 ,= ?AT1 0,TROTSKY WON MY DEEP ADMIRATION & IDEOLOGICAL SUPPORT40.<#d.> 

,! ,NEW ,YORK ,S,W,P1 9 FACT1 HELP$ SU/A9 ,TROTSKY D[N 9 ,COYOACAN1 BUY+ HIM A H\SE !RE1 SUPPLY+ BODYGU>DS1 & S5D+ MONEY4 ,!Y MA9TA9$ AN ACTIVE CORRESPOND5CE & TRAVEL$ TO ,COYOACAN TO MEET ) HIM4 0,WE W]E 9 V]Y1 V]Y 9TIMATE CONTACT ) HIM AFT] HE CAME TO ,MEXICO10 SAID ,S,W,P *AIRMAN ,JAMES ,P4 ,CANNON4.<#e.> 

,ONE ( ! BRI<T />S 9 ! ,NEW ,YORK ,S,W,P WAS ,JEAN VAN ,HEIJ5OORT1 :O HAD BE5 ,TROTSKY'S 9T]NATIONAL CORRESPOND+ SECRET>Y DUR+ ! #a#i#cS4.<#f.> ,9 #aid VAN ,HEIJ5OORT M>RI$ A ,NEW ,YORK] & MOV$ TO ! CITY1 :]E HE FREQU5T$ ,S,W,P MEET+S4 ,IF !RE WAS SU* A ?+ AS REVOLUTION>Y GLAM\R1 VAN ,HEIJ5OORT HAD IT4 ,HE DAZZL$ ,MURRAY4 0,I KNEW ,TROTSKY'S SECRET>Y60 HE W\LD TELL ME FIFTY YE>S LAT]1 RECALL+ ! FRISSON ( BE+ ONLY ONE DEGREE ( SEP>ATION FROM ! BE>] ( REVOLUTION>Y HOPE4 

,N[ ?AT ,/AL9 HAD TURN$ ! DREAM ( SOCIALISM 9TO AN UNIMAG9ABLE ABATTOIR1 ALL !SE PEOPLE MI<T WELL HAVE GIV5 UP ON IT4 ,BUT ,TROTSKY L$ !M TO UND]/& ?AT ,/AL9 WAS AN AB]RATION4 ,AS ,MURRAY'S FRI5D ,AL ,GOLDMAN ONCE REM>K$1 ,TROTSKY 0WROTE & EXPLA9$1 & WE READ & UND]/OOD & CONT9U$ ! /RUGGLE40.<#g.> ,! SOCIALI/ AU?OR ,GEORGE ,LI*!IM OBS]V$1 0,TROTSKYISM /OOD = ! UTOPIAN SIDE ( ,COMMUNISM3 BELIEF 9 AN IMM95T WORLD REVOLUTION40.<#h.> 

,NOT ?AT !Y F\ND ,TROTSKY HIMSELF BEYOND CRITICISM4 ,HE HAD HELP$ SUPPRESS NON-,BOL%EVIK POLITICAL P>TIES 9 #a#i#a#h-#a#i4 ,HE HAD HELP$ ! ,BOL%EVIKS BAN FACTIONS )9 !IR [N P>TY4 ,HE HAD APPROV$ ! =MATION ( ! ,*EKA1 JU/ AFT] ! ,OCTOB] ,REVOLUTION4 ,:5 ! ,S,W,P-]S QUE/ION$ ,TROTSKY AB\T !SE MATT]S1 HE TRI$ TO JU/IFY !M ALL AS HI/ORICALLY NECESS>Y4 

,BUT MO/ TR\BL+ ( ALL WAS ! ATROCITY AT ! ,KRON/ADT NAVAL BASE 9 #a#i#b#a1 9 :I* ! ,R$ ,>MY HAD BRUTALLY SUPPRESS$ ! SAILORS' PRO-DEMOCRACY MOVEM5T4 ,NONE O!R ?AN ,LEON ,TROTSKY HAD C>RI$ IT \T4 ,9 #aici ! ,S,W,P-]S ASK$ HIM = AN EXPLANATION4 ,TROTSKY'S RESPONSE3 0,H[ C\LD A PROLET>IAN GOV]NM5T BE EXPECT$ TO GIVE UP AN IMPORTANT =TRESS TO REACTION>Y PEASANT SOLDI]S80.<#i.> ,:5 ,DWI<T ,MACDONALD1 UNSATISFI$1 *ALL5G$ HIM FUR!R1 ,TROTSKY %UT D[N ! DISCUSSION4 0,EV]YONE HAS ! RI<T TO BE /UPID1 BUT ,COMRADE ,MACDONALD ABUSES ! PRIVILEGE10 HE SNE]$4.<#a.> 

,NONE!LESS1 ! ,S,W,P-]S GAVE ,TROTSKY ! B5EFIT ( ! D\BT4 ,& )9 !IR [N GR\P1 !Y AIR$ EV]Y NUANCE1 EV]Y SMALL DIFF]5CE ( OP9ION1 9 PROTRACT$ DISCUSSIONS4 

,MURRAY C\LDN'T ATT5D ,S,W,P MEET+S AS FAI?FULLY AS HE HAD DONE 9 ! ,Y,C,L4 ,9 LATE #a#i#c#i1 HE WAS COMMITT$ TO ORGANIZ+ ! PROLET>IAT = ! COM+ REVOLUTION1 FOLL[+ ,TROTSKY'S 9JUNCTION4 ,SO HE TOOK A JOB 9 9DU/RY4 ,EA* DAY HE COMMUT$ FROM ! ,BRONX AP>TM5T ?AT HE /ILL %>$ ) HIS MO!R TO ,BAYONNE1 ,NEW ,J]SEY1 :]E HE WORK$ FROM EI<T TO FIVE 9 A F\NDRY4.<#a#a.> 

,A F\NDRY IS A PLACE ?AT MANUFACTURES METAL CA/+S1 FROM :I* DUPLICATES ( AN OBJECT MAY BE G5]AT$4 ,METAL IS HEAT$ 9 A FURNACE1 & ONCE IT IS MOLT51 IT IS P\R$ 9TO A MOLD4 ,:5 IT IS COOL 5\<1 ! OBJECT IS F9I%$ 9 V>I\S WAYS4 

,MURRAY WORK$ AS A MOLD] & A POR]-->DU\S1 PUNI%+ WORK1 REQUIR+ GREAT PHYSICAL /R5G? & /AM9A4 ,! WORK+ CONDITIONS W]E BRUTAL3 ! HEAT WAS 9T5SE & SE>+1 & ! NOISE M9D-NUMB+4 ,! AIR1 LAD5 ) HAZ>D\S SUB/ANCES1 WAS DANG]\S TO BREA!4 ,AS ,MURRAY P\R$ HEAVY HOT METAL 9TO MOLDS1 ! HEAT SE>$ HIS FACE1 & ! LOAD /RA9$ HIS FIVE-FOOT-FIVE FRAME4 ,/ILL1 ! ,S,W,P EXHORT$ ITS MEMB]S TO EXCEL AT !IR WORK--9 ORD] TO GA9 ! RESPECT & CONFID5CE ( !IR FELL[ WORK]S1 !Y MU/ BE 0! BE/ WORK]S ON ! JOB40.<#a#b.> 

,AFT]W>DS1 HE MANAG$ TO GET TO ,S,W,P MEET+S SOMETIMES1 BUT NOT AS (T5 AS HE LIK$4 0,A H>D DAY'S WORK DOES NOT HELP Y\ GO TO MEET+S ?AT EV5+ 444 AFT] WORK+ 9 A F\NDRY = A FULL DAY4 ,I C\LD H>DLY KEEP MY EYES OP5 ON ! TRA940.<#a#c.> 

,9 #a#i#d1 ! ,UNIT$ ,ELECTRICAL ,WORK]S 7,U,E71 A NEW 9DU/RIAL LABOR UNION1 SET UP A LOCAL 9 ,BAYONNE1 & ,MURRAY & HIS FELL[ F\NDRY WORK]S W]E PR\D TO JO94 ,!Y ELECT$ HIM %OP /EW>D1 :I* MEANT HE H&L$ !IR GRIEVANCES AB\T OV]TIME PAY & WORK+ CONDITIONS4 ,HE FELT A SPECIAL URG5CY TO DEF5D ! BLACKS AMONG HIS FELL[ WORK]S 7!Y W]E ! MAJORITY7 AGA9/ RACIAL DISCRIM9ATION4 

,AT ! SAME TIME ,MURRAY WAS TRY+ TO RECRUIT !M = ! ,S,W,P4 ,*AIRMAN ,CANNON ADVIS$ ?AT ,S,W,P MEMB]S MU/ ACTIVELY PROPAGATE 0\R IDEAS TO !IR FELL[ WORK]S--TRY TO GET SUBSCRIPTIONS TO \R PAP]1 TRY TO 9FLU5CE UNION MEMB]S TO COME TO \R LECTURES & CLASSES & 9 G5]AL WORK TO GA9 SYMPA?Y & SUPPORT = ! ,P>TY & ITS PROGRAM40.<#a#d.> ,?AT WAS NO MEAN FEAT1 9 A ,/AL9I/-CONTROLL$ UNION LIKE ! ,U,E4 ,NONE!LESS ,MURRAY TALK$ UP ! ,S,W,P & ,TROTSKY'S IDEAS 5?USIA/ICALLY TO ANYONE :O W\LD LI/54.<#a#e.> 

,:5 !Y %[$ ANY 9T]E/ AT ALL1 HE W\LD EAG]LY EXPLA9 BASIC PR9CIPLES ( ,M>XISM TO !M4 ,HE TRI$ TO />T /UDY GR\PS & 05GAGE 9 !ORETICAL CONV]SATIONS ?AT W5T BEYOND MUNDANE TRADE UNION 9T]E/S40 ,BUT MO/ ( ! F\NDRY WORK]S M]ELY TOL]AT$ ?AT K9D ( TALK1 0P]HAPS \T ( FRI5D%IP OR P]HAPS EV5 \T ( CURIOSITY40.<#a#f.> ,HE HAD AT LEA/ ONE SUCCESS3 ,>*IE ,LIEB]MAN1 A UNION ORGANIZ]1 JO9$ ! ,S,W,P4.<#a#g.> ,BUT 9 G5]AL1 NO MATT] H[ H>D HE TRI$1 HE C\LD NOT GET ! ,BAYONNE F\NDRYM5 TO RALLY TO ! BANN] ( ! ,F\R? ,9T]NATIONAL4 

,BACK 9 ,NEW ,YORK1 ! ,TROTSKYI/S W]E AGITAT$4 ,9 ,NOVEMB] #a#i#c#i1 ,/AL91 FRE% FROM OV]RUNN+ EA/]N ,POL&1 HAD 9VAD$ ,F9L&4 ,! GIANT ,RUSSIAN BE> WAS N[ 9 ! PROCESS ( SWALL[+ ?IS SMALL PEACEABLE C\NTRY4 ,\TRAG$1 ,MAX ,%A*TMAN 7:O HAD CO-F\ND$ ! ,S,W,P ) ,JAMES ,CANNON7 & O!R ,S,W,P-]S CONDEMN$ ! ,SOVIET 9VASION ( ,F9L& AS AN ACT ( IMP]IALI/ AGGRESSION4 

,9 ,COYOACAN1 ,TROTSKY HE>D ( !IR OBJECTIONS & %OT BACK ?AT ! 9VASION WAS BY NO MEANS IMP]IALI/IC--! ,SOVIET ,UNION WAS /ILL A SOCIALI/ /ATE & AS SU* WAS 9CAPABLE ( IMP]IALISM4 ,DESPITE ALL ( ,/AL9'S ATROCITIES1 ! ,SOVIET ,UNION WAS /ILL ! HOME ( ! ,BOL%EVIK REVOLUTION4 ,L59'S NATIONALIZATION ( 9DU/RY REMA9$ 9 PLACE4 ,BY DEF9ITION SUP]IOR TO B\RGEOIS-DEMOCRATIC ,F9L&1 IT WAS JU/IFI$ 9 9VAD+ ,F9L&--AS WELL AS EA/]N ,POL&4 ,TROTSKY DEM&$ ?AT HIS FOLL[]S 5DORSE BO?4 

,9 ,NEW ,YORK1 ,%A*TMAN RETORT$ ?AT ! ,SOVIET ,UNION NO LONG] HAD ANY?+ AT ALL TO DO ) SOCIALISM4 ,BY NO /RET* ( ! IMAG9ATION WAS IT A WORK]S' /ATE4 ,IT WAS A PRISON CAMP1 RUL$ BY LATT]-DAY CZ>S1 0A MOD]N DESPOTISM ( IMM5SE PROPORTIONS DR5*$ 9 BLOOD40.<#a#h.> ,IT WAS 5TITL$ TO NO SUPPORT :ATSOEV] FROM ANY DEC5T P]SON4 

,TROTSKY REMA9$ OBDURATE & 9SI/$ ?AT HIS FOLL[]S DO ! SAME4 ,AT AN ,S,W,P CONV5TION 9 ,APRIL #a#i#d1 ,CANNON OBLIG$1 UPHOLD+ ,TROTSKYI/ OR?ODOXY4 ,DISGU/$1 ,%A*TMAN WALK$ \T & =M$ A SEP>ATE P>TY1 CALL$ ! ,WORK]S ,P>TY4 ,MO/ ( ! ,S,W,P'S /ELL> 9TELLECTUAL MEMB]S LEFT ) HIM4 ,ONCE UPON A TIME ,TROTSKY ! S*OL>-ACTIVI/ HAD ATTRACT$ !SE ?9K+ PEOPLE2 N[ ,TROTSKY ! DOGMATIC IDEOLOGUE WAS DRIV+ !M AWAY4 

,BUT SOME REMA9$ 9 ,CANNON'S ,S,W,P1 & AMONG !M W]E ,MURRAY & HIS FRI5DS ,AL ,GOLDMAN1 ,FELIX ,MORR[1 ,JEAN VAN ,HEIJ5OORT1 & ,DAVE ,EIS54 ,BY /AY+1 !Y C\LD REMA9 LOYAL TO ! H]O ( ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION--?AT TRANSC5D5T FACT /ILL MEANT SOME?+ TO !M4 

,A FEW MON?S LAT]1 9 ,AUGU/ #a#i#d1 ,TROTSKY WAS AT HIS DESK1 P5N+ A DIATRIBE AGA9/ ! IMP]IALI/ W>1 :5 A ,/AL9I/ AG5T 5T]$ ! ROOM & PLUNG$ AN ICE AX 9TO HIS BRA94 ,A FEW H\RS LAT] HE WAS DEAD4 ,) ?AT ACT1 ,/AL9 A*IEV$ HIS GOAL ( KILL+ (F ! 5TIRE ,BOL%EVIK REVOLUTION>Y G5]ATION4 

,:5 HE HE>D ! NEWS1 ,MURRAY WAS UND\BT$LY HE>TBROK54 ,! :OLE ,F\R? ,9T]NATIONAL W5T 9TO DEEP M\RN+--BUT IT ALSO R$\BL$ ITS DET]M9ATION TO C>RY \T ,TROTSKY'S PROGRAM3 TO TURN ! ,SECOND ,IMP]IALI/ ,W> 9TO AN 9T]NATIONAL SOCIALI/ REVOLUTION4 

,:5 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES 5T]$ ! W>1 MO/ ,AM]ICANS EMBRAC$ ! CAUSE 5?USIA/ICALLY4 ,! ,TROTSKYI/S W]E AMONG ! FEW :O DISS5T$4 ,9 !IR VIEW1 ! W> BETWE5 ,HITL] & ! CAPITALI/ C\NTRIES WAS IMP]IALI/1 P]IOD4 ,IF ,HITL] WI%$ = WORLD DOM9ATION1 9 !IR VIEW1 SO DID ! CAPITALI/ ,WE/4 ,REG>DLESS ( :E!R ! ,AXIS OR ! ,ALLIES W]E VICTORI\S1 CAPITALISM AFT] ! W> W\LD /ILL BE /EPP+ ON ! WORK]S' NECKS4 ,SO ! ,S,W,P REFUS$ TO TAKE SIDES--JU/ AS ,L59 HAD REFUS$ TO TAKE SIDES 9 ! ,FIR/ ,WORLD ,W>4.<#a#i.> 

,NONE!LESS1 ! ,TROTSKYI/S W]E NOT CONSCI5TI\S OBJECTORS4 ,9 FACT1 ,TROTSKY 5C\RAG$ HIS FOLL[]S TO JO9 MILIT>Y =CES1 TO LE>N TO FI<T 9 PREP>ATION = ! REVOLUTION>Y CONFLICT4 ,BUT S9CE ,MURRAY'S DIABETIC MO!R DEP5D$ ON HIM = H] DAILY 9SUL9 9JECTIONS1 HE WAS EXEMPT$ FROM ! DRAFT4 ,?AT /ATUS LEFT HIM FREE TO TRY TO SP>K ! REVOLUTION 9 ,BAYONNE4 

,AM]ICAN FACTORIES W]E CONV]T+ TO W> PRODUCTION1 & AS ! GOV]NM5T S5T !M EV] MORE ORD]S1 9DU/RY PRESSUR$ WORK]S TO WORK LONG] H\RS & FA/]4 ,BUT MANY 9DU/RIAL WORK]S1 A FEI/Y LOT1 NEWLY UNIONIZ$ BY ! ,C,I,O1 W]E HAV+ NONE ( IT4 ,9 #aida MORE ,AM]ICAN WORK]S W5T ON /RIKE ?AN 9 ANY YE> S9CE #a#i#a#i4 ,!Y SAW NO CONTRADICTION BETWE5 PATRIOTISM & DEM&+ BETT] PAY & WORK+ CONDITIONS4 

,9DU/RIAL LEAD]S APPEAL$ TO ,AM]ICAN WORK]S TO PATRIOTICALLY SACRIFICE !IR RI<T TO /RIKE = ! DURATION ( ! W>4 ,9 ,DECEMB] #a#i#d#a1 ! ,ROOSEVELT ADM9I/RATION ASK$ !M TO TAKE A 0NO-/RIKE PL$GE40 

,S9CE MANY ( ! NEW ,C,I,O UNIONS W]E DOM9AT$ BY ,/AL9I/S1 !Y COMPLI$ HAPPILY--! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES WAS ALLI$ ) ! ,SOVIET ,UNION N[1 & M]E WORK]S' DISCONT5TS MU/ NOT BE P]MITT$ TO OB/RUCT ! DEF5SE ( ! SOCIALI/ FA!RL&4 ,/AL9I/S TI<TLY CONTROLL$ ! ,U,E1 TO :I* ,MURRAY BELONG$2 9 FACT1 BY #a#i#d-#d#a1 ! ,U,E WAS 0! MA9 ,COMMUNI/ =TRESS 9 ! LABOR MOVEM5T40.<#b.> ,/AL9I/ BOSSES /AFF$ ! UNION ) !IR [N MEMB]S1 P]MITT$ NO /RIKES1 & DEM&$ /EPP$-UP W> PRODUCTION4.<#b#a.> 

,BUT ! ,TROTSKYI/S REJECT$ ! NO-/RIKE PL$GE AS CLASS COLLABORATION & OPPOS$ 9T5SIFY+ PRODUCTION = ! IMP]IALI/ W>4 ,FOM5T+ /RIKES WAS BASIC TO !IR PROGRAM ( SP>K+ PROLET>IAN REVOLUTION1 SO !Y CONT9U$ TO URGE REVOLUTION>Y LABOR MILITANCY4 

,! ,U,E'S ,/AL9I/ LEAD]%IP REALIZ$ ?AT !Y C\LD USE ! NO-/RIKE PL$GE AS A TOOL TO CONTROL OB/REP]\S LOCALS LIKE ,BAYONNE4 0,! ,/AL9I/S W]E ANXI\S TO BREAK US10 ,MURRAY ONCE TOLD ME4 ,HIS FELL[ ,BAYONNE ORGANIZ] ,>*IE ,LIEB]MAN AGRE$ ?AT ! ,U,E ,/AL9I/S W]E 0! WOR/ /RIKEBREAK]S40.<#b#b.> ,!Y POSITION$ !IR COMRADES /RATEGICALLY AT MEET+S2 !Y 0DELIB]ATELY MUDDL$ EMB>RASS+ QUE/IONS0 & 0OV]AW$ DISS5T]S ) VITUP]ATION & *>ACT] ASSASS9ATION40.<#b#c.> ,DUR+ ?IS P]IOD1 ,MURRAY'S LOCAL ELECT$ HIM TO S]VE ON ! ,DI/RICT ,F\R 7,BAYONNE7 C\NCIL1 :]E ! CONFRONTATIONS PROV$ H>%4 ,! ,/AL9I/S TRI$ TO NEUTRALIZE HIM BY (F]+ TO PAY HIM1 RA!R LAVI%LY1 = DO+ HIS H]ET(ORE-UNPAID WORK AS A %OP /EW>D & ORGANIZ]4 ,HE DECL9$4.<#b#d.> 

,9/EAD1 HE ?REW HIMSELF 9TO 5C\RAG+ /RIKES4 ,HE TALK$ TO ! WORK]S AB\T ! ,S,W,P & PROLET>IAN REVOLUTION4 ,!Y LI/5$ PATI5TLY1 & NODD$4 ,!N :5 ,MURRAY PAUS$ TO TAKE A BREA?1 !Y RAIS$ BREAD-&-BUTT] ISSUES ( WORK+ CONDITIONS & WAGES4 ,!Y %[$ NO 9T]E/ 9 OV]?R[+ CAPITALISM--!Y WANT$ TO /RIKE = CONCRETE1 IMM$IATE RESULTS4 0,!RE WAS NO PROSPECT ,I C\LD AWAK5 ANY?+ REVOLUTION>Y 9 !M40 ,F> FROM JO9+ ! ,S,W,P1 0!Y ALWAYS DRIFT$ AWAY4444 ,& ?AT WAS V]Y1 V]Y %AK+ TO ME40.<#b#e.> 

,TROTSKY HAD ?\<T ! ,F\R? ,9T]NATIONAL'S OPPOSITION TO ! W> W\LD RALLY ! WORK]S TO ITS BANN]4 ,9/EAD IT MADE !M EXTREMELY UNPOPUL>4 ,AS VAN ,HEIJ5OORT PUT IT1 ! ,TROTSKYI/S' OPPOSITION TO ! W> MADE !M V]ITABLE P>IAHS1 0COMME DES *I5S LEPREUX40.<#b#f.> 

,AT LEA/ !Y C\LD F9D SOLID>ITY AMONG !MSELVES AT ,S,W,P HEADQU>T]S4 ,D\BTLESS AFT] A H>D DAY ( FUTILE AGITAT+1 IT MU/ HAVE FELT GOOD = ,MURRAY TO SIT D[N & RELAX AMONG HIS [N K9D4 

,P>T ,I,I3 ,JOSEF ,WEB] 

  

,SOMETIME 9 #aida OR #a#i#d#b1 A NEW FACE %[$ UP AT ,S,W,P HEADQU>T]S4 ,SMALL 9 /ATURE1 ,JOSEF ,WEB] LOOK$ A BIT LIKE ,RI*>D ,WAGN]1 AN EFFECT 5HANC$ BY ! HEAVY ,G]MAN ACC5T & A C]TA9 FLAMBOYANCE4 ,HE HAD ESCAP$ ! ,GE/APO1 ,WEB] TOLD ! ,S,W,P-]S CR[D$ >\ND HIM4 

,BORN 9 #a#i#a1 HE HAD JO9$ ! ,G]MAN ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY 7,K,P,D7 BY #a#i#a#h4 ,BUT 9 ! NEXT YE>S1 AS ,/AL9 BEGAN P]SECUT+ ,TROTSKY1 EV5TUALLY DRIV+ HIM 9TO EXILE1 ,WEB] SYMPA?IZ$ ) ! OLD COMM&] ( ! ,R$ ,>MY & JO9$ ! ,9T]NATIONAL ,LEFT ,ORGANIZATION 7,I,L,O74 ,AFT] ,HITL] CAME TO P[] 9 #a#i#c#c1 ! ,G]MAN ,TROTSKYI/S REORGANIZ$ AS ! ,9T]NATIONAL ,COMMUNI/S ( ,G]MANY 7,I,K,D74 ,SOME /AY$ 9 ! ,REI* & TRI$ TO ORGANIZE WORK]S 9 FACTORIES TO RISE UP AGA9/ ,HITL]2 ! RE/ EMIGRAT$ TO ,EUROPEAN CAPITALS4 ,WEB] W5T TO ,P>IS1 :]E HE WROTE = & $IT$ ,UNS] ,WORT1 ! ,I,K,D'S NEWSPAP]4 ,! PAP] TRI$ TO REPORT ON ! COMRADES' ACTIVITIES 9 ,G]MANY1 BUT ?AT SOON BECAME IMPOSSIBLE1 BECAUSE ORGANIZ+ ! PROLET>IAT AGA9/ ,HITL] SOON BECAME IMPOSSIBLE4 ,ANYONE :O EV5 TRI$ TO TALK TO WORK]S & H& \T LIT]ATURE WAS >RE/$4 ,! ,GE/APO QUICKLY TRACK$ D[N ! ,I,K,D-]S & >RE/$ !M4.<#b#g.> 

,BUT ,HITL] HAD TO BE /OPP$1 & ,WEB] RECOGNIZ$ ?AT ! ONLY GR\PS RESI/+ HIM W]E ! *UR*ES4 ,AT AN ,I,K,D CONF]5CE HE MADE HIS CASE TO HIS FELL[ ,TROTSKYI/S3 GIV5 ! IMPOSSIBILITY ( ORGANIZ+ ! PROLET>IAT TO RESI/ ! ,NAZIS1 !Y HAD TO SUPPORT ! *UR*ES' /RUGGLE4 ,?AT VIEW HORRIFI$ HIS COMRADES1 MANY ( :OM LEFT ! ,I,K,D ALTOGE!R RA!R ?AN GIVE UP ON ,BOL%EVIK OR?ODOXY4 ,MORE FACTION FI<TS BROKE \T1 9 :I* ,TROTSKY1 :OSE /AY 9 ,FRANCE CO9CID$ ) ,WEB]'S YE>S 9 ,P>IS1 5DORS$ ,WEB]4.<#b#h.> ,NONE!LESS ! ,I,K,D SOON WAS R$UC$ TO A T9Y GR\P >\ND ,WEB] 9 ,P>IS1 APPEAL+ TO ! COMRADES ABROAD = HELP4 

,9 ,MAY #aid ! ,NAZIS 9VAD$ ,FRANCE & 9 ,JUNE M>*$ D[N ! ,*AMPS ,ELYSEES 9 TRIUMPH4 ,BY !N ,WEB] JO9$ ! CR[DS ( ,P>ISIANS FLEE+ S\? = ,M>SEILLES1 ) :ATEV] POSSESSIONS !Y C\LD GRAB4 ,ONCE HE REA*$ ! S\!RN PORT1 ,WEB] MANAG$ TO GA9 A SPOT ON ONE ( ! LA/ BOATS ( REFUGEES 7SPONSOR$ BY ! ,EM]G5CY ,RESCUE ,COMMITTEE74 ,AFT] A PROTRACT$ /OP 9 ,M>T9IQUE1 ! BOAT MADE L&FALL 9 ,NOR? ,AM]ICA1 PROBABLY 9 ,NEW ,YORK4 

,SURELY SUNBURN$ FROM ,M>T9IQUE1 ,WEB] MADE HIS WAY TO ! HEADQU>T]S ( ,AM]ICAN ,TROTSKYISM1 ON ,UNIV]SITY ,PLACE4 ,! COMRADES MU/ HAVE WELCOM$ HIM--HE WAS AN IMPRESSIVE FIGURE1 HAV+ ELUD$ ! ,NAZIS TWICE4 ,HE TOLD !M AB\T ! ,I,K,D4 0,WE >E ONE ( ! OLDE/ & MO/ /ABLE ORGANIZATIONS ( ! ,F\R? .<,9T]NATIONAL4.> 444 ,UND] CONDITIONS & DIFFICULTIES AB\T :I* .<Y\.> DO NOT HAVE ! SLI<TE/ NOTION1 WE ISSU$ A PAP] .<,UNS] ,WORT.> 9 ! EMIGRATION & UP TO ! \TBREAK ( ! W>1 PUBLI%$ BRO*URES1 BOOKS & DOCUM5TS40.<#b#i.> ,& HE C\LD BOA/ ( RECEIV+ ! ULTIMATE ACCOLADE3 0,LEON ,TROTSKY GREATLY E/EEM$ \R WORK & NEV] CORRECT$ US 9 A S+LE POLITICAL QUE/ION40.<#c.> 

,HE WAS CULTIVAT$ & *>M+1 ABLE TO CONV]SE AB\T LIT]ATURE & >T & MUSIC AS WELL AS POLITICS4 ,! ,AM]ICANS MU/ HAVE BE5 9 AWE ( HIM4 

,BUT !Y W]E ALSO HUNGRY = NEWS AB\T ! COM+ PROLET>IAN REVOLUTION4 ,!Y WANT$ TO KN[ :]E 9 ,EUROPE ! PROLET>IAT WAS RESI/+ ,HITL]4 

,HE'D WRITT5 AN >TICLE ON ?AT V]Y SUBJECT1 HE TOLD !M1 & H&$ !M ! MANUSCRIPT = 0,?REE ,!SES10 WRITT5 9 ,M>T9IQUE4 ,!Y MU/ HAVE />T$ READ+ IT EAG]LY1 BUT AS !Y TURN$ ITS PAGES1 IT SURELY MADE !IR BLOOD RUN COLD4 

,! ,EUROPEAN WORK]S' MOVEM5T1 ! >TICLE SAID1 WAS SC>CELY BREA?+4 ,! ,NAZIS HAD SMA%$ ALL ! LABOR UNIONS & LEFT-W+ P>TIES2 !Y HAD MURD]$1 IMPRISON$1 & EXIL$ ! PROLET>IAN LEAD]S2 !Y HAD PROHIBIT$ ! EXPRESSION ( REVOLUTION>Y IDEAS4 ,AS A RESULT 0!RE IS NO LONG] AN 9DEP5D5T 444 PROLET>IAN POLITICAL OR WORK]S' MOVEM5T40 ,ALL ?AT REMA9S 0>E 9DIVIDUALS & WEAK & UNEV5 GR\PS40 ,RESI/ANCE GR\PS EXI/1 BUT !Y DO CONSI/ NOT ( WORK]S ALONE BUT ( 0ALL CLASSES & /RATA10 9CLUD+ F>M]S1 ! 0URBAN PETTY B\RGEOISIE10 9TELLECTUALS & PRIE/S1 (FIC]S & M]*ANTS1 /UD5TS & PR(ESSORS4 ,MOREOV]1 ! CAUSE = :I* !Y >E FI<T+ IS NOT SOCIALISM BUT NATIONAL LIB]ATION4 ,ONCE !Y ?R[ (F ,NAZI RULE1 ,WEB]'S PAP] SAID1 !Y WILL WANT B\RGEOIS-DEMOCRATIC GOV]NM5T1 FROM 0FRE$OM ( ASSEMBLY1 PRESS1 ORGANIZATION1 RELIGION & ! RI<T TO /RIKE TO ! RI<T ( SELF-DET]M9ATION ( ALL NATIONS40 

,BLAN*+1 ! ,AM]ICANS =C$ !MSELVES TO READ ON3 0,IT IS A TOTAL ]ROR TO BELIEVE ?AT ONE CAN P>TICIPATE 9 POLITICAL LIFE :ILE IGNOR+ ! DEMOCRATIC DEM&S40 ,TROTSKYI/S1 ,WEB] URG$1 MU/ SUPPORT ?IS ALL-CLASS1 NATIONAL1 PRO-DEMOCRATIC /RUGGLE AGA9/ FASCISM1 = !Y HAVE A RESPONSIBILITY 0TO TAKE UP ! DEM&S ( ALL OPPRESS$40 ,& ,EUROPE HAS 0NO MORE BURN+ PROBLEM 444 ?AN ! NATIONAL LIB]ATION ( NATIONS 5SLAV$ BY ,G]MANY40.<#c#a.> 

,! ,AM]ICANS REACT$ 0AS IF !Y HAD SUDD5LY BE5 D\S$ ) COLD WAT]40.<#c#b.> ,! PAP] CALL$ 9TO QUE/ION 0NOT ONLY ! POLICY & PROGRAM ( ! ,F\R? ,9T]NATIONAL BUT ! VALIDITY ( ,TROTSKYISM ITSELF40.<#c#c.> 

,ONE ( ! ,AM]ICANS1 ,FELIX ,MORR[1 HAD ! TEM]ITY TO (F] FA9T PRAISE4.<#c#d.> ,BUT ,JEAN VAN ,HEIJ5OORT1 ,TROTSKY'S OLD SECRET>Y1 OV]RUL$ HIM4 ,EUROPE'S NATIONAL LIB]ATION MOVEM5TS >E NOT \R POT5TIAL ALLIES1 ,TROTSKY'S OLD SECRET>Y SAID--!Y >E OB/ACLES TO SOCIALISM4 ,!N VAN ,HEIJ5OORT TURN$ TO ,WEB]4 0,! MORE ,I READ Y\R DOCUM5TS10 HE SCOLD$ ! ,G]MAN1 0! MORE ,I AM AGA9/ !M4 ,WE WILL 444 SEE IF WE HAVE TO P>T COMPANY40.<#c#e.> ,AFT] VAN ,HEIJ5OORT *A/IS$ HIM1 ,MORR[ FELL 9TO L9E & JO9$ ,WEB]'S CRITICS4.<#c#f.> ,*AIRMAN ,CANNON1 = HIS P>T1 PRON\NC$ 0,?REE ,!SES0 H]ESY4.<#c#g.> 

,TROTSKYI/ CONDEMNATIONS ( ,WEB]'S IDEAS CONT9U$ = A YE>1 9 ! PAGES ( ,F\R? ,9T]NATIONAL4 ,WEB] WROTE REPLIES1 BUT ! $ITORS REFUS$ TO PUBLI% !M4 ,ONLY AFT] F\RTE5 MON?S WAS ! ORIG9AL TR\BLESOME >TICLE1 0,?REE ,!SES10 F9ALLY PUBLI%$1 9 ! ,DECEMB] #aidb ISSUE2.<#c#h.> BUT EV5 !N IT WAS ACCOMPANI$ BY AN (FICIAL RESPONSE1 AU?OR$ BY ,GOLDMAN & ,MORR[1 EXPLA9+ TO READ]S ?AT ,WEB]'S >TICLE WAS FACTUALLY WRONG3 0! LIB]ATION /RUGGLE HAS ACTUALLY UNFOLD$ UND] ! LEAD]%IP ( WORK]S' ORGANIZATIONS & WORK]S' GR\PS10 IT /AT$1 & WAS DET]M9$ TO A*IEVE SOCIALISM4 ,MORR[ & ,GOLDMAN PRON\NC$ IT 0EMB>RASS+0 TO HAVE TO EXPLA9 TO ! ,G]MAN COMRADE 0! ,A,B,C'S ( ,M>XISM40.<#c#i.> 

,9DIGNANT REGURGITATIONS ( OR?ODOXY MU/ HAVE GRAT$ ON ,WEB]4 ,NONE!LESS HE PRAIS$ ,MORR[ & ,GOLDMAN = WRIT+ ! REPLY--0!Y AT LEA/ HONE/LY WANT$ TO DISCUSS40 ,BY CONTRA/1 VAN ,HEIJ5OORT REMA9$ 9TRANSIG5T3 0,! S5IOR S*OOLMA/]10 ,WEB] MUS$1 REJECTS ! :OLE NOTION ( A 0DEMOCRATIC REVOLUTION40.<#d.> 

,BUT ,WEB]'S *ALL5GE SEEMS TO HAVE %AK5 UP ,MORR[ & ,GOLDMAN4 ,AS HIS IDEAS P]COLAT$ 9 !IR M9DS1 !Y DEVELOP$ D\BTS4 

,( C\RSE ,WEB] WAS RI<T3 RESI/ANCE MOVEM5TS W]E EM]G+ 9 EV]Y OCCUPI$ C\NTRY1 & WORK]S DID P>TICIPATE 9 !M1 BUT SO DID EMPLOY]S4 ,LEFTI/S P>TICIPAT$1 BUT SO DID SOCIAL DEMOCRATS & LIB]AL REPUBLICANS & ,*RI/IAN DEMOCRATS & MON>*I/S4 ,TOGE!R PEOPLE ( ALL POLITICAL P]SUASIONS & SOCIAL CLASSES SPREAD DIS9=MATION & CREAT$ DIV]SIONS1 PUBLI%$ UND]GR\ND NEWSPAP]S1 GA!R$ 9TELLIG5CE1 P]=M$ SABOTAGE & CUT COMMUNICATIONS1 D]AIL$ TRA9S1 BOMB$ TRACKS1 & BLEW UP AMMUNITION DEPOTS4 ,!Y DID IT ALL 9 A /RUGGLE NOT = SOCIALISM BUT = NATIONAL LIB]ATION4 

,& ACROSS ALMO/ ! :OLE POLITICAL SPECTRUM1 EXCEPT = AN>*I/S & PACIFI/S & A FEW O!RS1 !Y SUPPORT$ ! ,ALLIES AGA9/ ! ,AXIS1 DEMOCRACY AGA9/ FASCISM4 ,9 #aida ,PHILIP ,RAHV1 A SOMETIME ,AM]ICAN ,TROTSKYI/ :O $IT$ ,P>TISAN ,REVIEW1 W>N$ ! COMRADES BLUNTLY3 0LET US NOT LULL \RSELVES 444 AB\T ! ABILITY ( ! WORK]S TO FULFILL ! ,M>XI/ PROPHECIES40.<#d#a.> 

,P>T ,I,I,I3 ,! ,S,W,P ,M9ORITY 

  

,IF ,MURRAY MISS$ A LOT ( ,S,W,P MEET+S 9 #a#i#d#c-#d#d1 HE MAY BE =GIV54 ,AT ! ,BAYONNE F\NDRIES1 GRIEVANCES W]E SIMM]+ ALONG ) ! MOLT5 METAL4 

,9 ! W> 9DU/RIES1 CORPORATE PR(ITS & EXECUTIVE SAL>IES W]E SO>+1 BUT WORK]S' WAGES HAD NOT EV5 KEPT UP ) ! CO/ ( LIV+1 & !N 9 #aidc !Y W]E FROZ54 ,N[ ! ASSEMBLY L9ES W]E SPE$+ UP1 & WORK H\RS W]E LONG]4.<#d#b.> ,AT ! W>'S \TSET1 ,COMMUNI/-DOM9AT$ UNIONS HAD PL$G$ NOT TO /RIKE4 ,BUT N[ AS GRIEVANCES ACCUMULAT$1 ! PL$GE SEEM$ CRIPPL+4 

,AT LEA/ ! WORK]S C\LD B>GA9 ) MANAGEM5T1 ?R\< %OP /EW>DS LIKE ,MURRAY4 ,BUT BUS9ESS & GOV]NM5T HAD NO TOL]ANCE = WORK] MILITANCY4 ,A 0RECALCITRANT WORK]0--ONE :O WANT$ LABOR MILITANCY--0W\LD BE ADVIS$ ?AT ! POLICE HAD ! 'GOODS' ON HIM1 ?AT HE W\LD DO WELL TO F9D ANO!R JOB OR RELAX HIS MILITANCY = A :ILE40 ,SU* A WORK] HAD TO ASSUME ?AT 0FAILURE TO MITIGATE HIS POLITICAL OR UNION ACTIVITIES0 C\LD LEAD TO CONSCRIPTION OR DISMISSAL4 ,AS = %OP /EW>DS1 REBELLI\S ONES W\LD BE 0CALL$ 9TO 'P]SONNEL' (FICES OR RECEIVE VISITS FROM ! COPS40 ,P]HAPS ,MURRAY WAS SPEAK+ ( HIS [N EXP]I5CE 9 WRIT+ !SE WORDS4.<#d#c.> 

,& :5 B>GA9+ BROKE D[N1 WORK]S M\NT$ WILDCAT /RIKES1 )\T UNION AU?ORIZATION4 ,BEG9N+ 9 ! SPR+ ( #a#i#d#c1 WILDCATS SWEPT ?R\< HEAVY 9DU/RY1 0ON A SCALE ?AT DW>F$ ALL PREVI\SLY RECORD$ TURNOV] & /RIKE ACTIVITY10 ACCORD+ TO ONE HI/ORIAN4.<#d#d.> ,WAS ! REVOLUTION COM+ AT LA/8 ,NO--MO/ ( ! WILDCATS W]E ( %ORT DURATION4 ,A HALF DOZ5 OR A FEW HUNDR$ EMPLOYES W\LD P]=M !IR JOBS MORE SL[LY = A C]TA9 TIME1 OR /OP WORK+ = ONE %IFT1 OR PICKET = A FEW DAYS4.<#d#e.> ,! WILDCATS MI<T LEAD TO M$IATION1 BUT NOT TO REVOLUTION4 

,9 ,NEW ,YORK1 ! ,S,W,P MEMB]S GOT !IR HOPES UP 9 #a#i#d#c1 :5 !Y LE>N$ ?AT ,ITALIAN 9DU/RIAL WORK]S W]E /RIK+ AT IMPORTANT FACTORIES 9 ,MILAN & ,TUR9 & =M+ WORK]S' C\NCILS--SOVIETS4.<#d#f.> ,TROTSKYI/S REJOIC$ AT 0! FIR/ DAY ( ! PROLET>IAN REVOLUTION 9 ,ITALY1 ! FIR/ DAY ( ! COM+ ,EUROPEAN REVOLUTION40.<#d#g.> ,?AT ,OCTOB]1 AN ,S,W,P P>TY PL5UM SALUT$ ! ,ITALIAN WORK]S = DEMON/RAT+ ?AT 0! WORK]S 9 ALLIANCE ) ! PEASANTS & COLONIAL PEOPLES WILL PROVE CAPABLE ( OV]?R[+ CAPITALISM40.<#d#h.> ,VAN ,HEIJ5OORT HAD TRICK$ ,WEB] 9TO /AY+ AWAY FROM ?AT MEET+4 ,\TRAG$1 ,WEB] B]AT$ ! ,S,W,P-]S1 ASS]T+ ?AT ONE W\LD HAVE TO BE 0BL9D0 NOT TO SEE ?AT 0! BROAD MASSES ( ,EUROPE >E 'NATIONAL' 9 444 !IR DEM& = 9DEP5D5CE40.<#d#i.> 

,CANNON SUGGE/$ ?AT ,G]MAN EMIGRATION HAD A 0C]TA9 PSY*OLOGY0 & WAS 0A LITTLE BIT SCREWY40.<#e.> ,WEB] %OT BACK ?AT ! ,S,W,P HAD %UTT]$ ITS EYES--IT HAD PROV$ TO BE UNWILL+ 0TO CONDUCT AN OP51 LOYAL1 UNPREJUDIC$ DISCUSSION & TO MAKE POSSIBLE A CORRECT ORI5TATION = ! 9T]NATIONAL MOVEM5T40.<#e#a.> ,IT WAS NOT AT ALL SURPRIS+ ?AT ! PEOPLE ( ,EUROPE1 9 ALL !IR MULTIP>TY RESI/ANCE MOVEM5TS1 HAD IGNOR$ ! ,F\R? ,9T]NATIONAL4 ,BUT IF ! ,F\R? HAD FOLL[$ HIS ADVICE & SUPPORT$ NATIONAL LIB]ATION1 !N IT C\LD HAVE PLAC$ ITSELF 0AT ! HEAD ( ! MOVEM5T AT LEA/ PROPAG&I/ICALLY & AGITATIONALLY10 & IT 0C\LD HAVE WON 444 A SUB/ANTIAL 9FLU5CE UPON ! CONSCI\SNESS ( ! MASSES40.<#e#b.> ,P]HAPS ! ,F\R? C\LD REALLY HAVE BE5 A VANGU>D4 ,BUT 9/EAD--GALL+LY--! ,/AL9I/ P>TIES W]E PLAY+ A PROM95T ROLE 9 V>I\S NATIONS' RESI/ANCE MOVEM5TS--& W9N+ GREAT PRE/IGE AS A RESULT4 ,?AT C\LD HAVE BE5 US1 ,WEB] MU/ HAVE SEE!D4 

,BY N[ ,GOLDMAN & ,MORR[ W]E ADMITT+ ?AT ,WEB] WAS RI<T4 ,EV5 /ALW>T VAN ,HEIJ5OORT CONC$$ ?AT ! ,FR5* RESI/ANCE 9CLUD$ NOT ONLY WORK]S BUT 0L>GE /RATA ( ! PETTY B\RGEOISIE10 AS WELL AS 0CIVIL S]VANTS1 /UD5TS1 SONS & DAU<T]S ( B\RGEOIS FAMILIES40 ,ITS IMM$IATE OBJECTIVE WAS NOT A SOCIALI/ SOCIETY BUT 0! OV]?R[+ ( ! ,G]MAN YOKE10 :ILE ITS BROAD] AIMS W]E 0DEMOCRATIC & PATRIOTIC40.<#e#c.> ,PRECISELY4 

,! ,G]MAN EXPATRIATE MU/ HAVE B5T HIS NEW FRI5DS' E>S AB\T ! ,9T]NATIONAL'S MI/REATM5T ( HIM4 0,DO Y\ BELIEVE10 HE ASK$ !M1 0?AT ! BE/ WAY ( PROMOT+ ! ,EUROPEAN REVOLUTION0 CONSI/S ( 0GAGG+ & DISCR$IT+0 ,EUROPEAN EXILES LIKE HIMSELF8 0,:O IS IT Y\ WANT TO MAKE ! ,EUROPEAN REVOLUTION )10 HE SNORT$1 0IF NOT ?OSE R>E SPECIM5S :O HAVE SURVIV$ ! ,EUROPEAN CATA/ROPHE PHYSICALLY & POLITICALLY80.<#e#d.> ,HE HAD !M4 

,GOLDMAN & ,MORR[ ADMITT$ !IR MI/AKE4 ,AS = VAN ,HEIJ5OORT1 HE WAS N[ MAK+ HIMSELF 0A SORT ( '*AMPION' ( ! NATIONAL QUE/ION0--ALBEIT1 ,WEB] COMPLA9$1 )\T CR$IT+ HIM AS HIS S\RCE4.<#e#e.> 

,9 ,NOVEMB] #aidc ,FELIX1 ,AL1 & VAN ,HEIJ5OORT TOOK ! D>+ /EP ( =M+ A FACTION1 CALL$ ! ,S,W,P ,M9ORITY 7KN[N TO HI/ORY AS ! ,GOLDMAN-,MORR[ FACTION74 ,MURRAY & HIS FRI5D ,DAVE ,EIS5 JO9$ !M4 

,EV] S9CE ,MAX ,%A*TMAN'S REVOLT & DEP>TURE 9 #a#i#d1 ,*AIRMAN ,CANNON HAD DREAD$ ! EM]G5CE ( ANO!R FACTION1 ! PRECURSOR TO ANO!R SPLIT4 ,9 ! ,S,W,P ,M9ORITY HE FAC$ SU* A FACTION4 ,& AS ,TROTSKY HAD DONE 9 #a#i#d1 HE RESPOND$ TO ITS CREATION BY 9SI/+ ?AT ,S,W,P MEMB]S MA9TA9 AN UNDEVIAT+ COMMITM5T TO OR?ODOXY4 ,NO?+ 9 ,TROTSKY'S PROGRAM ( #a#i#c#h-#d WAS TO BE *ANG$4 

,NOT LONG AFT]W>DS1 9 E>LY #a#i#d#e1 ! ,EUROPEAN SECRET>IAT W\LD WRITE A NEW POLITICAL ANALYSIS--BY COPY+ PHRASES FROM ,TROTSKY'S #ai* ,TRANSITIONAL ,PROGRAM4 0,SEV5 YE>S1 & SU* YE>S1 HAD PASS$ BY1 BUT ! ,EUROPEAN ,SECRET>IAT DID NOT *ANGE A COMMA10 M>VEL$ ,MORR[4.<#e#f.> 

,IT WAS BECAUSE ( SU* RIGIDITY1 ,GOLDMAN W>N$1 ?AT ! 09TELLECTUAL LEVEL ( ! P>TY HAS DEG5]AT$ S9CE ,TROTSKY'S DEA?40 ,DUR+ ! W> YE>S1 0ANYONE :O PRES5T$ ANY NEW IDEA0--P]HAPS HE WAS ?9K+ ( ,WEB]--0WAS LOOK$ UPON AS A DI/URB] ( ! PEACE40 ,CANNON PREF]R$ TO BUILD A HOMOG5E\S 0MONOLI?10 HE CLAIM$1 RA!R ?AN A REVOLUTION>Y P>TY4.<#e#g.> ,MURRAY AGRE$ ?AT ,CANNON'S BEHAVIOR WAS DOGMATIC & AU?ORIT>IAN3 0,I LE>N$ ?AT .<! ,TROTSKYI/S.> W]E NO DIFF]5T FROM ! ,/AL9I/S40.<#e#h.> 

,BY #a#i#d#d1 HE HAD TOIL$ = FIVE YE>S 9 ! HELLI% F\NDRY4 ,HE'D DONE HIS BE/ TO ORGANIZE HIS FELL[ WORK]S = ! REVOLUTION--HE'D F\<T ! ,U,E ,/AL9I/S ON !IR BEHALF1 & TRI$ TO TEA* ! WORK]S AB\T ,M>XISM4 ,HE & ,>*IE HAD EV5 MANAG$ TO =M A SMALL ,S,W,P ,M9ORITY LOCAL 9 ,BAYONNE1 ! ONLY LOCAL ! ,M9ORITY EV] HAD4.<#e#i.> ,BUT IT HAD GONE NO:]E4 ,SO HE HUNG UP HIS APRON & GOGGLES = ! LA/ TIME & LEFT ! F\NDRY4 

,HE WAS DRAWN TO ! AUTO 9DU/RY1 PROBABLY BECAUSE ! ,UNIT$ ,AUTO ,WORK]S 7,U,A,W7 WAS ! C\NTRY'S MO/ MILITANT UNION1 A SPE>HEAD ( LABOR ACTIVISM4 ,! ,U,A,W WAS !N LOCK$ 9 A BITT] /RUGGLE AT ,G5]AL ,MOTORS1 0! MO/ H>D-BITT5 & REACTION>Y CORPORATION 9 ! WORLD10 AS ,MURRAY RECALL$1 9IMICAL TO ! NEW 9DU/RIAL UNIONISM4 ,DUR+ ! W>1 ,G,M'S CORPORATE PR(ITS HAD D\BL$1 & EXECUTIVE SAL>IES SKYROCKET$2 MANAGEM5T HAD REFUS$ TO %>E 9 ! W>TIME SACRIFICES4.<#f.> ,9 #aidc ! ,U,A,W BELIEV$ MANAGEM5T WAS TAK+ ADVANTAGE ( ITS NO-/RIKE PL$GE TO ROLL BACK WORK]S' GA9S4 ,SO WILDCAT /RIKES AB\ND$3 0NO O!R 9DU/RY .<BESIDES AUTO.> SAW A MAJORITY ( ITS WORK]S P>TICIPATE 9 WILDCAT /RIKES & NO O!R UNION .<BESIDES ! ,U,A,W.> EXP]I5C$ SU* A L>GE & P]SI/5T RANK-&-FILE REVOLT40.<#f#a.> 

,AFT] ! FRU/RATIONS ( ,BAYONNE1 ?IS RAG+ CLASS CONFLICT MU/ HAVE BE5 IRRESI/IBLE4 ,=TUNATELY1 ! ,U,A,W 7UNLIKE ! ,U,E7 WAS NOT CONTROLL$ BY ,/AL9I/S4 ,SO HE TOOK A JOB 9 A ,G,M MA*9E %OP ON ,ELEV5? ,AV5UE 9 ,MANHATTAN1 BETWE5 #e#e? & #e#f? ,/REETS.<#f#b.>--& GOT A ,U,A,W C>D4 

,! EASI] WORKLOAD & %ORT] COMMUTE MEANT HE C\LD SP5D MORE TIME AT ,UNIV]SITY ,PLACE TALK+ POLITICS ) HIS ,S,W,P ,M9ORITY FRI5DS4 ,N[ ?AT ! W> WAS TURN+ 9 ! ,ALLIES' FAVOR1 !Y W]E ADDRESS+ AN IMPORTANT QUE/ION3 ,9 ! ABS5CE ( A PROLET>IAN REVOLUTION--:AT W\LD HAPP5 AFT] ! ,ALLI$ VICTORY8 ,9 #a#i#d#d1 = ALL ANYONE KNEW1 ! 9DU/RIAL ,WE/ MI<T WELL FALL BACK TO ,GREAT ,DEPRESSION CONDITIONS1 OR EV5 WORSE4 

,TO ANSW] ?IS QUE/ION1 ,JOSEF ,WEB]1 :O HAD BE5 RI<T AB\T SO MANY ?+S1 CAME \T ) A NEW >TICLE1 LONG & !ORETICAL1 CALL$ 0,CAPITALI/ ,B>B>ISM OR ,SOCIALISM40 ,S9CE ,WEB] WAS N[ ON ! \TS ) ,CANNON1 ! R5EGADE ,MAX ,%A*TMAN PUBLI%$ IT 9 HIS ,NEW ,9T]NATIONAL 9 ,OCTOB] #a#i#d#d4.<#f#c.> 

,WEB]'S PREMISE 7FOLL[+ ,ROSA ,LUXEMBURG7 WAS ?AT 9 ! ABS5CE ( SOCIALISM1 ! WORLD WAS REV]T+ TO B>B>ISM4 ,ONCE ! ,ALLIES DEFEAT$ ! ,AXIS1 ! CAPITALI/ NATIONS W\LD 9CREAS+LY FOLL[ ! PA? LAID \T BY ,NAZI ,G]MANY4 ,ECONOMIC & POLITICAL DEVELOPM5T W\LD GO 9TO REV]SE & 0VIOL5TLY ?RU/0 !IR ONETIME CITIZ5S 9TO 0BONDAGE & SLAV]Y40.<#f#d.> ,!Y W\LD =CIBLY RESETTLE PEOPLE BY ! MILLIONS 9 PRISONS & <ETTOES1 9 =C$ LABOR & CONC5TRATION CAMPS4 ,DEPRIV$ ( ALL HUMAN RI<TS1 !Y W\LD BE SUBJECT$ TO 0SPYDOM & /OOL-PIGEONRY1 POLICE-MILIT>Y SURVEILLANCE40 ,?IS1 SAID ,WEB]1 W\LD BE 0! P]MAN5T FATE ( A CONSID]ABLE P]C5TAGE ( MANK9D40 ,B>B>ISM1 9 O!R WORDS1 LOOK$ V]Y MU* LIKE ! ,?IRD ,REI*1 ITS LABOR & POPULATION POLICIES EXT5D$ AS A 0WORLD PH5OM5ON40.<#f#e.> ,HE CALL$ ?IS VISION ( DECL9E ! 0!ORY ( RETROGRESSIVE MOVEM5T10 OR ! 0RETROGRESSION !SIS40 

,! >TICLE'S BOMBA/IC PROSE /YLE MAKES IT ALMO/ UNREADABLE TODAY2 IT IS LAD5 ) EX CA!DRA ASS]TIONS1 ESOT]IC ,M>XI/ J>GON1 & GR&IOSE POMPOSITY4 ,MO/ BIZ>RELY1 IT IS 9FUS$ ) METAPHORS ( PUNG5T ORGANIC DECAY4 ,CAPITALISM IS SAID TO BE 0DECL9+1 DIS9TEGRAT+1 ROTT+0--TO BE 0PUTREFY+40.<#f#f.> ,FEW SOCIAL !ORI/S S9CE ,SP5GL] HAVE SO LAVI%LY DEPLOY$ METAPHORS ( ORGANIC ROT4 

,EAG] TO TALK1 ,MURRAY VISIT$ ,WEB] AT HIS ,BRONX AP>TM5T4 ,SURELY ,WEB] 7AGE =TY-?REE7 WAS HAPPY TO SEE ! EAG] Y\NG PROLET>IAN 9TELLECTUAL 7AGE TW5TY-?REE7 /&+ BE=E HIM1 TELL+ HIM AB\T ! MILITANT BUT NONREVOLUTION>Y ,BAYONNE PROLET>IAT4 ,SURELY ,WEB] 9VIT$ HIM 91 SAT D[N1 & REC\NT$ HIS POOR TREATM5T AT ! H&S ( OR?ODOX ,TROTSKYISM4 ,P]HAPS HE EXPLA9$ ,LUXEMBURG'S 0SOCIALISM OR B>B>ISM0 =MULATION TO ,MURRAY4 70,I WAS 9 ! ,K,P,D :5 %E WAS ALIVE610 ,WEB] MI<T HAVE SAID47 ,HE MI<T HAVE READ AL\D FROM H] ,JUNIUS ,PAMPHLET AB\T ! *OICE ! WORLD FAC$3 0EI!R ! TRIUMPH ( IMP]IALISM & ! COLLAPSE ( ALL CIVILIZATION AS 9 ANCI5T ,ROME1 DEPOPULATION1 DESOLATION1 DEG5]ATION--A GREAT CEMET]Y4 ,OR ! VICTORY ( SOCIALISM1 ?AT MEANS ! CONSCI\S ACTIVE /RUGGLE ( ! 9T]NATIONAL PROLET>IAT AGA9/ IMP]IALISM & ITS ME?OD ( W>40.<#f#g.> 

,S9CE SOCIALISM WASN'T 9 ! (F+1 ! WORLD WAS HEAD$ T[>D B>B>ISM4 ,! VICTORI\S ,ALLIES W]E PLANN+ TO 0RETROGRESS0 ,G]MANY & ,JAPAN1 TO TURN !M 9TO SLAVE /ATES & DRIVE !IR ECONOMIES BACK TO PRECAPITALI/ LEVELS4 

,IT'S ALREADY HAPP5+1 HE MI<T HAVE ASSUR$ ,MURRAY4 ,9 MID-#a#i#d#d1 ,RUSSIA'S PLANS = ! PO/W> WORLD 9CLUD$ ! DISMEMB]M5T ( ,G]MANY & ! DE/RUCTION ( ITS ,RUHR 9DU/RIAL CAPACITY4 ,G]MANY W\LD HAVE TO PAY HUGE REP>ATIONS1 TO PROVIDE :I* MILLIONS ( ,G]MANS W\LD HAVE TO TOIL 9 SLAVE LABOR = MORE ?AN A DECADE4 70,EV]Y?+ ?AT ,G]MANY POSSESSES 'ABOVE ! M9IMUM NECESS>Y TO SURVIVE1' HAS TO CONTRIBUTE TO ! REP>ATIONS FUND = COMP5SAT+ ! ALLI$ NATIONS10 READ ONE ,RUSSIAN PLANN+ REPORT47.<#f#h.> ,WEB] MI<T EASILY HAVE PULL$ \T A NEWSPAP] DAT$ A FEW WEEKS E>LI]1 ) AN ACC\NT ( ! ,QUEBEC ,CONF]5CE ( ,SEPTEMB] #a#f4 ,ROOSEVELT & ,*UR*ILL HAD AGRE$ ON A PLAN = ! PO/W> ORD]1 DEVIS$ BY ,U4,S4 ,TREASURY ,SECRET>Y ,HANS ,MORG5?AU1 :I* W\LD DISMANTLE ,G]MANY'S 9DU/RIAL CAPACITY4 ,ACCORD+ TO ! MEMOR&UM ! CONF]5CE ISSU$1 0,?IS PROGRAM = ELIM9AT+ ! W>-MAK+ 9DU/RIES 9 ! ,RUHR & 9 ! ,SA> IS LOOK+ =W>D TO CONV]T+ ,G]MANY 9TO A C\NTRY PRIM>ILY AGRICULTURAL & PA/ORAL 9 ITS *>ACT]40.<#f#i.> 

,Y\ SEE8 ,WEB] MI<T HAVE 9SI/$4 ,! VICTORI\S IMP]IALI/S >E GO+ TO 0RETROGRESS0 ,G]MANY TO AN AGRICULTURAL H9T]L&1 DEP5D5T ON ! ,AM]ICANS = MANUFACTUR$ GOODS & SCI5TIFIC KN[L$GE4 ,!Y'LL TURN ! ,G]MAN POPULATION 9TO A SLAVE LABOR =CE4 ,!Y'LL DEPRIVE !M ( CULTURE & $UCATION4 ,IT'S MONOPOLY CAPITAL AT WORK3 ! ,AM]ICANS WILL ELIM9ATE !IR MAJOR CAPITALI/ RIVAL & !REBY >TIFICIALLY EXT5D ! EXI/5CE ( !IR [N IMP]IALISM4 ,BUT ,AM]ICAN CAPITALISM TOO WILL RETROGRESS4 ,Y\'LL SEE--,AM]ICANS TOO WILL LOSE !IR CIVIL RI<TS & DEMOCRATIC 9/ITUTIONS & BECOME SLAVES4 

,TO ,MURRAY1 ! RETROGRESSION !SIS SEEM$ LIKE A /ROKE ( G5IUS4 ,9 HIS [N %ORT LIFE1 HE HAD SE5 HOMELESSNESS & DISLOCATION1 TRIBUNALS & EXPULSIONS1 ANTIUNION GOON SQUADS & A FI]Y WORKPLACE HELLHOLE4 ,WEB]1 = HIS P>T1 WAS LIV+ TE/IMONY TO ! REALITIES ( =C$ MIGRATION1 FLI<T1 & 9T]NM5T4 ,TO ,MURRAY'S EYES1 ! RETROGRESSION !SIS SEEM$ QUITE PLAUSIBLE4 ,TO HIS EYES1 ! >TICLE MI<T EV5 HAVE SEEM$ LIKE A FOLL[-UP TO ,TROTSKY'S #ai* ,TRANSITIONAL ,PROGRAM4 ,& ! ,G]MAN EXPATRIATE HIMSELF SEEM$ TO BE ,TROTSKY'S SUCCESSOR1 P]HAPS EV5 ! NEXT ,BOL%EVIK H]O4 

,P>T ,I,V3 ,AFT] ! ,W> 

  

,A FEW MON?S LAT] ! ,ALLIES TOOK ,B]L91 & 9 ,AUGU/ #aide ! ,JAPANESE SURR5D]$ TO ,MAC,>?UR4 ,TROTSKY'S PR$ICTION ?AT ! W> W\LD T]M9ATE 9 PROLET>IAN REVOLUTIONS PROV$ TO BE UTT]LY WRONG4 ,! ONCE-MILITANT ,G]MAN PROLET>IAT HAD F\<T = ,HITL] ALL ! WAY TO ! BUNK]2 ,/AL9 WAS /RONG] ?AN EV]1 HAV+ PLAY$ A CRUCIAL ROLE 9 DEFEAT+ ,HITL]2 & 9 ! CAPITALI/ C\NTRIES1 ! WORK]S HAD SUPPORT$ !IR NATIONAL W> EF=TS ALMO/ UNIV]SALLY4 ,! ALLEG$LY UN%AKABLE LAWS ( HI/ORY HAD TURN$ \T TO BE NO?+ MORE ?AN WI%FUL ?9K+4 

,OR HAD !Y8 ,NO SOON] DID ! NO-/RIKE PL$GE PASS 9TO HI/ORY ?AN ! ,AM]ICAN WORK+ CLASS RO>$ TO LIFE4 ,JU/ AFT] ,V-,J DAY1 9DU/RIAL WORK]S FROM COA/ TO COA/ W5T \T ON /RIKE1 CALL+ = FULL EMPLOYM5T & WAGE 9CREASES4 ,BY ,OCTOB] #a#i#d#e1 ! /RIKE WAVE WAS GIGANTIC3 #d#c1 OIL WORK]S1 #b1 COAL M9]S1 #d#d1 LUMB] WORK]S1 #g1 TRUCK DRIV]S1 & #d1 MA*9I/S HAD ALL D[N$ TOOLS4.<#g.> ,AT ,G5]AL ,MOTORS1 ! ,U,A,W HAD DEM&$ A #c P]C5T WAGE 9CREASE--:I* ,G,M REFUS$4 ,ON ,NOVEMB] #b#a1 #c1 WORK]S--AMONG !M ,MURRAY--/RUCK1 PITT+ 0ONE ( ! L>GE/ & MO/ MILITANT UNIONS 9 ! C\NTRY AGA9/ ONE ( ! NATION'S WEAL?IE/ & MO/ P[]FUL EMPLOY]S40.<#g#a.> 

,)9 TWELVE MON?S ( ,V-,J DAY1 MORE ?AN FIVE MILLION ,AM]ICAN WORK]S HAD GONE ON /RIKE 7AL?\< NOT ALL AT ! SAME TIME74 ,IT WAS ! L>GE/ /RIKE ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES HAD EV] SE54.<#g#b.> ,AM]ICAN WORK]S DEMON/RAT$ ?AT !Y HAD ! P[] TO BR+ ! ECONOMY TO A HALT4 ,WAS ?IS ! LONG-AWAIT$ PO/W> REVOLUTION>Y UPSURGE8 

,IT WAS NOT4 ,ON ,M>* #a#c1 AFT] #aac DAYS1 ! ,U,A,W1 HAV+ EXHAU/$ ITS LIMIT$ /RIKE FUND1 5D$ ! /RIKE1 ACCEPT+ A SMALL WAGE 9CREASE & SOME FR+E B5EFITS & CONTRACT *ANGES4.<#g#c.> ,WORK]S 9 ! O!R 9DU/RIES SOON RETURN$ TO WORK AS WELL1 ) MODE/ GA9S4 ,9DU/RY HAD DUG 9 ITS HEELS & PREVAIL$4 

,MEAN:ILE 9 ,APRIL #a#i#d#f1 ! ,F\R? ,9T]NATIONAL LAID D[N ! LAW TO ,JOSEF ,WEB]3 HE W\LD HAVE TO SUBMIT TO P>TY DISCIPL9E & GO BACK TO ,G]MANY1 OR ELSE BE EXPELL$4 ,WEB] %RUGG$--& ! ,F\R? EXPELL$ HIM4.<#g#d.> 

,!N A FEW MON?S LAT]1 AMID ! *AOS ( DEMOBILIZATION1 ,MURRAY WAS F9ALLY DRAFT$ 9TO ! ,U4,S4 ,>MY4 ,= YE>S HE HAD HAD DEF]M5TS = TAK+ C>E ( HIS MO!R2 IT'S UNCLE> :AT *ANG$ 9 #a#i#d#f4 ,9 ANY CASE1 HE DIDN'T M9D3 0,I WAS /ILL A ,BOL%EVIK4 ,I BELIEV$ ?AT WE %\LD BE TRA9$ = >M$ 9SURRECTION10 & BESIDES1 ! >MY WAS 0:]E ! WORK]S W]E40.<#g#e.> ,F> FROM BE+ A CONSCI5TI\S OBJECTOR1 0,I WAS A CONSCI5TI\S SOLDI]40.<#g#f.> 

,SO 9 ,AUGU/ HE REPORT$ TO ! 9DUCTION C5T] & WAS SOON /ATION$ AT ,=T ,KNOX1 ,K5TUCKY1 ! >MY'S C5T] = ME*ANIZ$ CAVALRY4.<#g#g.> ,!RE HE DODG$ FRI5DLY FIRE DUR+ MILIT>Y EX]CISES4 ,:ILE HE WAS !RE1 LETT]S FROM ,NEW ,YORK KEPT HIM UP TO DATE ON POLITICAL DEVELOPM5TS4 ,9 ,NOVEMB]1 AN ,S,W,P CONV5TION *>G$ ,FELIX ,MORR[ & ,DAVE ,EIS5 ) DISLOYALTY4 ,CANNON DID NOT LET !M RESPOND TO ! *>GES4 ,! OR?ODOX ,S,W,P-]S VILIFI$ ! TWO ,M9ORITY MEMB]S1 TO WILD APPLAUSE4 ,:5 ! VOTE CAME TO EXPEL !M1 ONLY F\R VOT$ AGA9/ IT4 ,!Y W]E \T4.<#g#h.> 

,WEB] WAS ALREADY \T1 & N[ ,FELIX & ,DAVE4 ,MURRAY KNEW HE TOO WAS ON HIS WAY \T4 ,ONCE AGA9 HE WAS LOS+ HIS POLITICAL HOME4 

,9 E>LY #a#i#d#g1 ! ,U4,S4 ,>MY DECID$ TO 5D ! DRAFT & RELEASE ALL PO/W> DRAFTEES4 ,ON ,JUNE #a#d1 AFT] T5 MON?S ( S]VICE1 ,MURRAY WAS HONORABLY DIS*>G$4 ,TWO WEEKS LAT] ! >MY (FICIALLY BECAME A VOLUNTE] BODY4 ,HE W5T BACK TO ! ,BRONX AP>TM5T HE %>$ ) HIS MO!R4 

,IF HE W]E LOS+ HIS POLITICAL HOME 9 ! ,S,W,P1 HE C\LD AT LEA/ CONT9UE AS A LABOR ORGANIZ]4 ,HE RETURN$ TO WORK AT ,G,M1 P]HAPS ?9K+ ! ,U,A,W W\LD M\NT ANO!R /RIKE--?IS TIME A REVOLUTION>Y ONE4 

,BUT JU/ AT ?AT MOM5T1 ,G,M HAD DECID$ ON A NEW /RATEGY3 IT W\LD CO-OPT ITS #d1 BLUE-COLL> WORK]S4 ,9 ! SPR+ ( #a#i#d#h1 ,G,M (F]$ ! ,U,A,W A CONTRACT ) A GU>ANTE$ ANNUAL WAGE1 B5EFITS = SICK LEAVE1 HEAL? 9SURANCE1 & VACATIONS1 AS WELL AS IMPROV$ WORK+ CONDITIONS4 ,9 EX*ANGE1 ! ,U,A,W WAS TO GU>ANTEE ?AT ITS MEMB]S W\LD NOT /RIKE = TWO TO F\R YE>S4 

,A REVOLUTION>Y UNION W\LD HAVE REJECT$ ! (F] & =C$ ANNUAL WAGE NEGOTIATIONS1 BUT ! ,U,A,W ACCEPT$ IT4 ,AS IF ?AT COLLAPSE ( REVOLUTION>Y WILL W]E NOT 5\<1 IT W5T ON TO ELIM9ATE %OP /EW>DS & REPLAC$ !M ) FULL-TIME GRIEVANCE M5 :O W]E PAID1 NOT BY ! UNION1 BUT BY ! COMPANY4 ,EV5 ! PRESID5TS ( SOME ,U,A,W LOCALS N[ DREW !IR SAL>IES FROM ! COMPANY4 0,! RADICAL WORK]S ( YE/]DAY10 ,MURRAY LAM5T$1 0/OPP$ WE>+ !IR UNION BUTTONS & MOV$ TO ! SUBURBS40.<#g#i.> ,! LABOR UNIONS HAD BE5 BR\<T 09TO COMPLICITY ) CAPITALISM10 & N[ ! 0WORK]S ?\<T !Y W]E P>T ( ! COMPANY RA!R ?AN ON A BATTLEGR\ND40.<#h.> 

,! GREAT SETTLEM5T ( #aidh DEMON/RAT$ ONCE & = ALL ?AT :ILE ! 9DU/RIAL PROLET>IAT MI<T SOMETIMES BE CLASS CONSCI\S & EV5 MILITANT1 IT WAS NOT REVOLUTION>Y4 ,9DU/RIAL WORK]S TRI$ TO MAKE ! BE/ ( :AT !Y C\LD DO )9 ! EXI/+ SY/EM4 

,= ,MURRAY1 A LIFELONG ,M>XI/1 IT CAME AS A %OCK4 ,= IF ! PROLET>IAT WAS NOT REVOLUTION>Y1 !N PROLET>IAN SOCIALISM WAS AN ILLUSION1 & ,M>XISM--:I* HAD RUL$ HIS M9D = EI<TE5 YE>S1 HAD BE5 HIS OXYG51 HIS FOOD & DR9K--WAS BAS$ ON A FALLACY4 ,HE LEFT ,G5]AL ,MOTORS1 SURELY DAZ$4 ,POLITICALLY HE WAS AT GR\ND Z]O1 A HOMELESS P]SON4 

,AS A VET]AN1 DRAW+ TW5TY DOLL>S A WEEK1 ,MURRAY HAD ! LIB]TY TO POND] ALL !SE DIZZY+ *ANGES4 ,9 HIS POLITICAL DISLOCATION1 HE WAS 9 GOOD COMPANY4 ,HE & O!R REFUGEES FROM ! FAIL$ ,M>XI/ MOVEM5TS CONGREGAT$ 9 ! L[-PRIC$ RE/AURANTS & CAFET]IAS ( ,F\RTE5? ,/REET4 

,H]E ,MURRAY C\LD SIT D[N ) O!R LO/ S\LS1 TO SOLID>IZE ) !M 9 !IR PA91 TO ANALYZE :AT HAD HAPP5$1 & TO FIGURE \T :AT TO DO NEXT4 ,9 ! CAFET]IAS !Y C\LD DISCUSS FREELY1 AS !Y C\LD NOT AT ! ,TROTSKYI/ OR ,/AL9I/ HEADQU>T]S ONLY A FEW BLOCKS AWAY4 

,H]E HE MET ,DWI<T ,MACDONALD1 :O WAS N[ $IT+ ,POLITICS1 AN 9DEP5D5T LEFT MAGAZ9E4 0,LET US FACE ! FACT ?AT ,TROTSKY'S DEADL9E IS H]E & ?AT HIS REVOLUTION IS NOT10 ,MACDONALD WAS GIV5 TO SAY+4.<#h#a.> ,BUT ! PROBLEM WASN'T JU/ ,TROTSKYISM1 ,MACDONALD CONT9U$--:AT HAD 5D$ WAS ,M>XISM ITSELF4 0,! VALIDITY ( ,M>XISM AS A POLITICAL DOCTR9E /&S OR FALLS ON ITS ASS]TION ?AT ! PROLET>IAT IS ! HI/ORICAL =CE :I* WILL BR+ AB\T SOCIALISM40 ,S9CE ! PROLET>IAT HAD NOT LIV$ UP TO ?IS ASS]TION1 0! ROCK ( ,HI/ORICAL ,PROCESS ON :I* ,M>X BUILT HIS H\SE HAS TURN$ \T TO BE S&40.<#h#b.> 

,P]HAPS IT WAS H]E ?AT HE LE>N$ ?AT ,FELIX ,MORR[ HAD GIV5 UP RADICAL POLITICS ALTOGE!R4 ,HE HAD WA/$ HALF HIS LIFE 9 RADICAL POLITICS1 HE SAID1 & N[ HE WAS ?R\<4 ,HE W5T & GOT A REGUL> JOB 9 PUBLI%+1 AT ,S*OCK5 ,BOOKS4.<#h#c.> ,P]HAPS IT WAS H]E1 SOMETIME LAT]1 ?AT HE LE>N$ ?AT ,JEAN VAN ,HEIJ5OORT HAD GIV5 UP TOO4 ,ONE HUNDR$ YE>S AFT] ,M>X & ,5GELS WROTE ,! ,COMMUNI/ ,MANIFE/O1 HE CONCLUD$1 !RE WAS NO?+ GOOD TO %[ = IT4 ,HE CEAS$ POLITICAL ACTIVITY & BECAME A PR(ESSOR ( MA!MATICS4 

,MURRAY MU/ HAVE BE5 RELIEV$ :5 HIS OLD FRI5D ,DAVE ,EIS5 CAME 9 & SAT D[N ) HIM4 ,!Y SURELY DISCUSS$ ! LATE/ BRA9/ORM FROM ,JOSEF ,WEB]4 ,HE HAD SUGGE/$ ?AT ! RE/ ( ! ,S,W,P ,M9ORITY LEAVE ! ,S,W,P & =M A NEW1 9DEP5D5T GR\P ) HIM1 ONE ?AT W\LD F9D ITS [N WAY4 ,!Y C\LD />T A NEW MAGAZ9E 9 ORD] TO FIGURE \T ! NEW DIRECTION4 

,WEB] HAD BE5 RI<T AB\T ! ,EUROPEAN RESI/ANCE1 & HE WAS RI<T AB\T DE9DU/RIALIZATION--WITNESS ! ,MORG5?AU PLAN4 ,& N[ HE WAS RI<T AB\T RETROGRESSION4 ,NEWSREELS W]E %[+ SKELETAL ,JEWS 9 CONC5TRATION CAMPS1 ! /ACKS ( UNBURI$ DEAD1 ! GAS *AMB]S1 ! /ILL-SMOLD]+ CREMATORIA4 ,MURRAY HAD BE5 READ+ ! TRANSCRIPTS ( ! ,NUREMB]G TRIALS--! =C$ LABOR1 />VATION1 TORTURES1 & 5SLAVEM5T4 ,! MASS GRAVES 9 EA/]N ,EUROPE2 ,/AL9I/ MASSACRE AT ,KATYN =E/ & ,NAZI MASSACRE AT ,BABI ,Y>2 ! ,U4,S4 BOMB+ ( ,HIRO%IMA & ,NAGASAKI--IT WAS ALL A DESC5T 9TO B>B>ISM4 ,IT WAS RETROGRESSION4 

,WEB] NEV] CAME TO ! ,HORN @& ,H>D>T1 SO ,MURRAY & ,DAVE W\LD HAVE HAD TO VISIT HIM AT HIS ,BRONX AP>TM5T4 ,:5 !Y ALL SAT D[N TOGE!R1 AMID ! ,G]MAN BOOKS & PAP]S1 !Y SURELY TALK$ AB\T ! GREAT DILEMMA4 ,WEB] SYMPA?IZ$ ) ! PROBLEM3 0,EV]YONE UND]/&S 'SOME?+ IS WRONG4' ,?AT 'SOME?+' IS ! FAILURE ( ! SOCIALI/ MOVEM5T TO LEAD SOCIETY UND] CONDITIONS MO/ FAVORABLE TO IT3 W> & ITS AFT]MA?40.<#h#d.> ,& HE MI<T HAVE TOLD !M ?AT HE AGRE$ ) ?OSE :O SAID ,M>XISM--AS 0! !ORY & PRAXIS ( ! 'PROLET>IAN REVOLUTION' & ! 'DICTATOR%IP ( ! PROLET>IAT'0--WAS DEAD4 ,YES 9DE$1 ,M>XISM WAS 0ABSOLUTELY DEAD40.<#h#e.> ,BUT SOCIALISM8 ,TO GIVE UP ON SOCIALISM W\LD BE TO U%] 9 B>B>ISM4 ,?AT ,WEB] C\LD NOT DO4 

,P]HAPS ,WEB] SETTL$ BACK 9 HIS *AIR4 ,9 #a#i#c#i1 %ORTLY BE=E ,TROTSKY WAS KILL$1 HE MI<T HAVE TOLD !M1 HE SAID SOME?+ V]Y IMPORTANT4 ,HE SAID ?AT IF SOMEH[ ! W> %\LD 5D )\T A REVOLUTION1 0!N WE %\LD D\BTLESS HAVE TO POSE ! QUE/ION ( REVIS+ \R CONCEPTION ( ! PRES5T EPO* & ITS DRIV+ =CES40.<#h#f.> ,9 O!R WORDS1 HE SAID WE W\LD HAVE TO RE?9K ! SOCIALI/ PROJECT4 

,HE'D BE5 CIRCULAT+ HIS #aidd >TICLE1 0,CAPITALI/ ,B>B>ISM OR ,SOCIALISM10 TO HIS FRI5DS 9 ,G]MANY4 ,?OSE :O AGRE$ ) HIM AB\T RETROGRESSION W]E />T+ A NEW MAGAZ9E CALL$ ,D+E D] ,ZEIT4 ,! FIR/ ISSUE HAD JU/ COME \T--DAT$ ,JUNE #a#i#d#g1 ! MON? ( ,MURRAY'S DIS*>GE4 ,! NEW GR\P W\LD BE PUBLI%+ AN ,5GLI%-LANGUAGE SI/] $ITION1 CALL$ ,CONTEMPOR>Y ,ISSUES4 ,IT W\LDN'T BE LIKE ! ,TROTSKYI/ J\RNALS1 SUPPRESS+ DISCUSSION4 ,ITS PAGES W\LD BE OP5 & TRANSP>5T4 

,TROTSKY HAD 5JO9$ !M TO RE?9K ! SOCIALI/ PROJECT1 TO R5EW IT = ! PO/W> WORLD4 ,!Y AGRE$ TO WORK ) ,WEB]4 ,TOGE!R !Y W\LD *OOSE SOCIALISM OV] B>B>ISM4 ,P 

.<#a.> ,LEON ,TROTSKY1 ,WRIT+S1 #a#i#c#h-#c#i1 $4 ,NAOMI ,ALL5 & ,GEORGE ,BREITMAN 7,NEW ,YORK3 ,PA?F9D]1 #a#i#g#d71 #b#c#b4 

.<#b.> ,TROTSKY1 ,WRIT+S1 #a#i#c#h-#a#i#c#i1 $4 ,ALL5 & ,BREITMAN 7,NEW ,YORK3 ,PA?F9D]1 #a#i#g#d71 #h#g4 

.<#c.> ,WILLIAM ,L4 ,O',NEILL1 ,! ,LA/ ,ROMANTIC3 ,A ,LIFE ( ,MAX ,EA/MAN 7#a#i#g#h2 REPR9T ,NEW ,BRUNSWICK1 ,N4,J43 ,TRANSACTION1 #a#i#i#a71 #a#i#a-#i#b4 ,AMONG !IR ,EUROPEAN COMRADES & SYMPA?IZ]S W]E ,VICTOR ,S]GE1 A ONETIME ,BOL%EVIK :O HAD BE5 IMPRISON$ BY ,/AL9 & N[ LIV$ 9 ,P>IS2 ! ,UKRA9IAN ,BORIS ,S\V>9E1 EXPELL$ BY ! ,COM9T]N 9 #a#i#b#d1 & AU?OR ( AN IMPORTANT CRITICAL BIOGRAPHY ( ,/AL92 & ,C4,L4,R4 ,JAMES1 AU?OR ( ! SEM9AL #ai* WORK ON ,T\SSA9T ,L\V]TURE1 ,BLACK ,JACOB9S4 

.<#d.> ,BOOK*91 0,A ,M>XI/ ,REVOLUTION>Y ,Y\?10 9T]VIEW BY ,JANET ,BIEHL1 9 ,BOOK*91 ,AN>*ISM1 ,M>XISM & ! ,FUTURE ( ! ,LEFT 7,$9BUR< & ,SAN ,FRANCISCO3 ,A4,K4 ,PRESS1 #a#i#i#i71 #d#d4 

.<#e.> ,JAMES ,P4 ,CANNON1 ,SOCIALISM ON ,TRIAL3 ,! ,(FICIAL ,C\RT ,RECORD ( ,JAMES ,P4 ,CANNON'S ,TE/IMONY 9 ! ,FAM\S ,M9NEAPOLIS 0,S$ITION0 ,TRIAL1 #d? $4 7,NEW ,YORK3 ,PIONE] ,PUBLI%]S1 #a#i#f#e71 #f#i1 #f#h4 

.<#f.> ,ANITA ,BURDMAN ,FEF]MAN1 ,POLITICS1 ,LOGIC1 & ,LOVE3 ,! ,LIFE ( ,JEAN VAN ,HEIJ5OORT 7,WELLESLEY1 ,MASS43 ,A4,K4 ,PET]S1 #a#i#i#c71 #a#a#f4 

.<#g.> ,ALB]T ,GOLDMAN1 0,TROTSKY'S ,MESSAGE--,SOCIALISM ,IS ! ,ONLY ,ROAD = ,HUMANITY4 ,EXTRACTS FROM ,ALB]T ,GOLDMAN'S ,SPEE* AT ! ,NEW ,YORK ,TROTSKY ,MEMORIAL ,MEET+1 ,AUG4 #b#a1 #a#i#d#b10 ,MILITANT1 ,AUG4 #b#g1 #a#i#d#b4 

.<#h.> ,GEORGE ,LI*!IM1 ,A ,%ORT ,HI/ORY ( ,SOCIALISM 7,GLASG[3 ,FONTANA ,COLL9S1 #a#i#g#e71 #b#h#b4 

.<#i.> ,QUOT$ 9 ,LESZEK ,KOLAK[SKI1 ,MA9 ,CURR5TS ( ,M>XISM1 VOL4 #c1 ,! ,BREAKD[N1 TRANS4 ,P4 ,S4 ,FALLA 7,NEW ,YORK3 ,OX=D ,UNIV]SITY ,PRESS1 #a#i#g#h71 #a#i#e4 

.<#a.> ,MI*AEL ,WRESZ91 ,A ,REBEL 9 ,DEF5SE ( ,TRADITION3 ,! ,LIFE & ,POLITICS ( ,DWI<T ,MACDONALD 7,NEW ,YORK3 ,BASIC ,BOOKS1 #a#i#i#d74 

.<#a#a.> ,BAYONNE F\NDRIES 9 #a#i#c#i-#d#c 9CLUD$ ! ,BAYONNE ,/EEL ,CA/+ ,COMPANY1 ! ,B]G5 ,PO9T ,IRON ,WORKS1 ! ,B]G5 ,PO9T ,BRASS ,F\NDRY1 & ,BABCOCK & ,WILCOX4 ,I DON'T KN[ :I* ( !M1 IF ANY1 WAS ,MURRAY'S EMPLOY]4 

.<#a#b.> ,JAMES ,P4 ,CANNON1 ,SOCIALISM ON ,TRIAL3 ,! ,(FICIAL ,C\RT ,RECORD ( ,JAMES ,P4 ,CANNON'S ,TE/IMONY 9 ! ,FAM\S ,M9NEAPOLIS 0,S$ITION0 ,TRIAL1 #d? $4 7,NEW ,YORK3 ,PIONE] ,PUBLI%]S1 #a#i#f#e71 #c#h-#c#i1 #c#g4 

.<#a#c.> ,BOOK*91 VIDEO 9T]VIEW BY ,D\G ,MORRIS1 0,REFLECTIONS10 #a#i#i#d1 AU?OR'S COLLECTION4 

.<#a#d.> ,CANNON1 ,SOCIALISM ON ,TRIAL1 #c#i4 

.<#a#e.> ,BOOK*91 9T]VIEW BY ,D\G ,RI*>DSON 7#a#i#g#c71 UNPUBLI%$1 AU?OR'S COLLECTION4 

.<#a#f.> ,M,B,V,B1 P>T #a#c4 

.<#a#g.> ,ON ,>*IE ,LIEB]MAN1 SEE 0,! ,LESSONS ( ,WORK+ ,CLASS ,HI/ORY10 ,AGA9/ ! ,CURR5T #eg 7,JUL4 #a#i#i#e7 & ,AGA9/ ! ,CURR5T #ei 7,NOV4-,DEC4 #a#i#i#e72 ,DAVID ,F9KEL1 0,REMEMB]+ ,>*IE ,LIEB]MAN10 ,AGA9/ ! ,CURR5T1 ,M>4 #a1 #b#c1 #d#a1 ONL9E AT BIT4LY4 

.<#a#h.> ,KEV9 ,COOGAN1 9TRODUCTION TO ,DWI<T ,MACDONALD1 ,! ,ROOT ,IS ,MAN 7#a#i#d#f2 ,NEW ,YORK3 ,AUTONOM$IA1 #a#i#i#e74 

.<#a#i.> ,SOCIALI/ ,WORK]S ,P>TY1 0,RESOLUTION ON ,PROLET>IAN ,MILIT>Y ,POLICY10 ,SEPT4 #a#i#d1 QUOT$ 9 ,ROB]T ,J4 ,ALEX&]1 ,9T]NATIONAL ,TROTSKYISM1 #a#i#b#i-#a#i#h#e3 ,A ,DOCUM5T$ ,ANALYSIS ( ! ,MOVEM5T 7,DURHAM1 ,N4,C43 ,DUKE ,UNIV]SITY ,PRESS1 #a#i#i#a71 #h#a#e4 

.<#b.> ,B]T ,CO*RAN1 ,LABOR & ,COMMUNISM3 ,! ,CONFLICT ,?AT ,%AP$ ,AM]ICAN ,UNIONS 7,PR9CETON1 ,N4,J43 ,PR9CETON ,UNIV]SITY ,PRESS1 #a#i#g#g71 #b#g#i4 

.<#b#a.> 0,BAYONNE ,LOCALS ,PU% ON ,ACTION TO ,W9 ! ,W>10 ,U,E ,NEWS1 ,DEC4 #b1 #a#i#d#a2 0#d ,DELEGATES ( #aeh ,%OPS ,DISCUSS ,PROBLEMS ( ,W>10 ,U,E ,NEWS1 ,JAN4 #c#a1 #a#i#d#b4.< 

.<#b#b.> ,QUOT$ 9 ,DAVID ,F9KEL1 0,REMEMB]+ ,>*IE ,LIEB]MAN10 ,AGA9/ ! ,CURR5T1 ,M>4 #a1 #b#c1 #d#a1 ONL9E AT BIT4LY4 

.<#b#c.> ,CO*RAN1 ,LABOR & ,COMMUNISM1 #b#h#e-#h#f4 

.<#b#d.> ,RI*>DSON 9T]VIEW4 

.<#b#e.> ,M,B,V,B1 P>T #a#c4 

.<#b#f.> ,FEF]NAN1 ,POLITICS1 ,LOGIC1 #b#a4 

.<#b#g.> ,ON ,WEB]'S YE>S 9 ,P>IS FROM #aicc TO #a#i#c#i1 SEE HIS >TICLES 7PUBLI%$ UND] ! PSEUDONYMS 0,JOHRE0 & 0,S4 ,JOHRE0 & 0,LUX ,ADORNO07 9 ,UNS] ,WORT1 AVAILABLE ON MICR(ILM FROM ,MIKR(ILM ,>*IV1 ,DORTMUND2 ,JOSEF ,WEB] 7AS ,]N/ ,Z&]71 0,SOME ,COMM5TS ON ! ,ORGANIZATIONAL ,QUE/ION0 7WRITT5 ,JAN4 #a1 #a#i#e#a7 ,C,I #a#a1 NO4 #dd 7,SEPT4-,OCT4 #a#i#f#b72 ,ROB]T ,J4 ,ALEX&]1 ,9T]NATIONAL ,TROTSKYISM1 #a#i#b#i-#a#i#h#e3 ,A ,DOCUM5T$ ,ANALYSIS ( ! ,MOVEM5T 7,DURHAM1 ,N4,C43 ,DUKE ,UNIV]SITY ,PRESS1 #a#i#i#a72 ,WOLFGANG ,ALLES1 0,G]MAN ,TROTSKYISM 9 ! #a#i#cS10 ,REVOLUTION>Y ,HI/ORY #b1 NO4 #c 7,AUTUMN #a#i#h#i71 #g1 ONL9E AT BIT4LY2 ,M>G>ET ,DEW>1 ,! ,QUIET ,REVOLUTION>Y 7,*ICAGO & ,LONDON3 ,BOOKM>KS1 #a#i#h#i72 ,SIEGFRI$ ,KISS91 0,MY ,POLITICAL ,EXP]I5CES 9 ! ,TROTSKYI/ ,MOVEM5T10 $4 ,T$ ,CRAW=D1 9 ,REVOLUTION>Y ,HI/ORY #a#c1 NO4 #a 7N4D471 BIT4LY2 ,PI]RE ,BR\E1 0,OTTO ,S*USSL]3 ,A ,BIOGRAPHICAL ,SKET*10 TRANS4 ,T$ ,CRAW=D1 FROM 0,QUELQUES PRO*ES COLLABORATEURS DE ,TROTSKY10 9 ,CAHI]S ,LEON ,TROTSKY NO4 #a 7,JAN4 #a#i#g#i72 BIT4LY2 & 0,FRANZ ,MEY]10 BIT4LY4 

.<#b#h.> ,ON ,TROTSKY'S APPROVAL ( ,UNS] ,WORT & ,WEB]1 SEE 0,A ,REAL ,A*IEVEM5T10 ,JAN4 #b#d1 #a#i#c#d1 9 ,LEON ,TROTSKY1 ,WRIT+S1 #a#i#c#c-#c#d1 $4 ,GEORGE ,BREITMAN 7,NEW ,YORK3 ,PA?F9D] ,PRESS1 #a#i#g#b72 ,LEON ,TROTSKY1 0,RESULTS ( ! ,OP5 ,LETT]10 WRITT5 ,JAN4 #a#h1 #a#i#c#f1 9 ,GEORGE ,BREITMAN1 $41 ,WRIT+S ( ,LEON ,TROTSKY1 ,SUPPLEM5T 7#a#i#c#d-#d7 7,NEW ,YORK3 ,PA?F9D] ,PRESS1 #a#i#g#i72 ,LEON ,TROTSKY1 0,! ,9T]NATIONAL ,CONF]5CE ,MU/ ,BE ,PO/PON$10 WRITT5 ,SEPT4 #b#f1 #a#i#c#g1 9 ,BREITMAN1 ,WRIT+S ( ,LEON ,TROTSKY1 ,SUPPLEM5T 7#a#i#c#d-#d71 #g#d#b4 

.<#b#i.> ,JOSEF ,WEB] 7AS ,I,K,D71 0,! ,S,W,P & ! ,EUROPEAN ,REVOLUTIONS10 ,NEW ,9T]NATIONAL1 ,DEC4 #a#i#d#d1 #d#a#d4 ,9 ?IS P]IOD ,WEB] SIGN$ HIS WRIT+S AS 0,I,K,D0 OR 0! ,A,K ( ! ,I,K,D40 

.<#c.> ,JOSEF ,WEB] 7AS ,I,K,D71 0,! ,S,W,P & ! ,EUROPEAN ,REVOLUTIONS10 ,NEW ,9T]NATIONAL1 ,DEC4 #a#i#d#d1 #d#a#d4 

.<#c#a.> ,WEB] 7AS ,I,K,D71 0,?REE ,!SES10 #c-#e4 

.<#c#b.> ,WEB] 7AS ,I,K,D71 0,S,W,P & ,EUROPEAN ,REVOLUTIONS10 #d#a#b4 

.<#c#c.> ,SAM ,LEVY1 0,! ,PROLET>IAN ,MILIT>Y ,POLICY ,REVISIT$10 ,REVOLUTION>Y ,HI/ORY #a1 NO4 #c 7,AUTUMN #a#i#h#h74 

.<#c#d.> ,RODOLPHE ,PRAG]1 0,! ,F\R? ,9T]NATIONAL ,DUR+ ! ,SECOND ,WORLD ,W>10 ,REVOLUTION>Y ,HI/ORY #a1 NO4 #c 7,AUTUMN #a#i#h#h74 

.<#c#e.> 0,DANIEL ,LOGAN0 IS A PSEUDONYM = ,JEAN VAN ,HEIJ5OORT2 SEE ,LUBITZ' ,TROTSKYANA,NET1 BIT4LY4 ,HE IS QUOT$ 9 ,WEB] 7AS ,I,K,D71 0,S,W,P & ,EUROPEAN ,REVOLUTIONS10 #d#a#c4 

.<#c#f.> ,PRAG]1 0,F\R? ,9T]NATIONAL40 

.<#c#g.> ,ALB]T ,GOLDMAN1 ,! ,QUE/ION ( ,UNITY ,BETWE5 ! ,WORK]S ,P>TY & ! ,SOCIALI/ ,WORK]S ,P>TY 7,LONG ,ISL& ,CITY3 ,WORK]S ,P>TY ,PRESS1 ,JAN4 #a#i#d#g74 

.<#c#h.> ,WEB] 7AS ,I,K,D71 0,S,W,P & ,EUROPEAN ,REVOLUTIONS10 #d#a#d4 

.<#c#i.> ,FELIX ,MORR[ .<& ,ALB]T ,GOLDMAN.>1 0,\R ,DIFF]5CES ) ! ',?REE ,!SES1'0 ,F\R? ,9T]NATIONAL #c1 NO4 #a 7,DEC4 #a#i#d#b71 #c#g#b-#g#d1 ONL9E AT BIT4LY4 ,! ONLY BYL9E WAS ,MORR[1 BUT1 9 0,CAPITALI/ ,B>B>ISM10 ,WEB] SAYS ! PIECE WAS WRITT5 BY 0,MORR[ & ,MORRISON10 ,MORRISON BE+ A PSEUDONYM = ,GOLDMAN4 ,SEE ,LUBITZ' ,TROTSKYANA,NET1 BIT4LY4 

.<#d.> ,WEB] 7AS ,I,K,D71 0,S,W,P & ,EUROPEAN ,REVOLUTIONS10 #d#a#e4 

.<#d#a.> ,PHILIP ,RAHV1 0,T5 ,PROPOSITIONS & ,EI<T ,]RORS10 9 ,$I? ,KURZWEIL1 $41 ,A ,P>TISAN ,C5TURY3 ,POLITICAL ,WRIT+S FROM ,P>TISAN ,REVIEW 7,NEW ,YORK3 ,COLUMBIA ,UNIV]SITY ,PRESS1 #a#i#i#f71 #f#f4 

.<#d#b.> ,ON W>TIME LABOR /RUGGLES1 SEE ,JAMES ,B4 ,ATLESON1 ,LABOR & ! ,W>TIME ,/ATE 7,URBANA3 ,UNIV]SITY ( ,ILL9OIS ,PRESS1 #a#i#i#h72 & ,NELSON ,LI*T5/E91 ,LABOR'S ,W> ,AT ,HOME 7,NEW ,YORK3 ,CAMBRIDGE ,UNIV]SITY ,PRESS1 #a#i#h#b74 

.<#d#c.> ,MURRAY ,BOOK*9 7AS ,H>RY ,LUDD71 0,! ,FATE ( ,AM]ICAN ,CIVIL ,LIB]TIES40 ,C,I #d1 NO4 #af 7,NOV4-,DEC4 #a#i#e#c71 #c#b#d4 

.<#d#d.> 0,BY ! 5D ( #a#i#d#e1 #c4#e MILLION WORK]S HAD 5GAG$ 9 #d1#g#e WORK /OPPAGES1 CO/+ EMPLOY]S #* MILLION WORKDAYS10 QUOT$ 9 ,ATLESON1 ,W>TIME ,/ATE1 #a#c#b4 

.<#d#e.> ,JO%UA ,FREEMAN QUOT$ 9 ,ATLESON1 ,W>TIME ,/ATE1 #a#d#a-#d#b4 

.<#d#f.> 0,ITALIAN ,WORK]S ,ELECT ,[N ,FACTORY ,COMMITTEES10 ,MILITANT1 ,SEPT4 #b#a1 #a#i#d#c4 

.<#d#g.> ,QUOT$ 9 ,PET] ,J5K9S1 ,:]E ,TROTSKYISM ,GOT ,LO/3 ,WORLD ,W> ,TWO & ! ,PROSPECT = ,REVOLUTION 9 ,EUROPE 7,NOTT+HAM3 ,SPOKESMAN ,BOOKS1 #a#i#g#g71 ONL9E AT BIT4LY4 

.<#d#h.> ,S,W,P1 0,P]SPECTIVES & ,TASKS ( ! ,COM+ ,EUROPEAN ,REVOLUTION10 ,RESOLUTION ,ADOPT$ BY ! ,FIFTE5? ,ANNIV]S>Y ,PL5UM ( ! ,SOCIALI/ ,WORK]S ,P>TY1 ,NOV4 #b1 #a#i#d#c1 ,F\R? ,9T]NATIONAL #d1 NO4 #aa 7,DEC4 #a#i#d#c71 #c#b#i-#c#d4 

.<#d#i.> ,WEB] 7AS ,I,K,D71 0,S,W,P & ,EUROPEAN ,REVOLUTIONS10 #d#a#b4 

.<#e.> ,IBID41 #d#a#d4 

.<#e#a.> ,IBID41 #d#a#c4 

.<#e#b.> ,IBID41 #d#a#b-#a#c4 

.<#e#c.> ,IBID41 #d#a#c4 ,AGA91 ,WEB] REF]S TO 0,DANIEL ,LOGAN10 A PSEUDONYM = ,JEAN VAN ,HEIJ5OORT4 

.<#e#d.> ,IBID41 #d#a#d4 

.<#e#e.> ,IBID41 #d#a#b-#a#c4 

.<#e#f.> ,FELIX ,MORR[1 0,P]SPECTIVES ( ,EUROPEAN ,REVOLUTION3 ,IT ,IS ,TIME TO ,GR[ ,UP3 ,! ,9FANTILE ,SICKNESS ( ! ,EUROPEAN ,SECRET>IAT10 ,F\R? ,9T]NATIONAL #g1 NO4 #g 7,JUL4 #a#i#d#f71 #b#a#c-#a#h4 

.<#e#g.> ,ALB]T ,GOLDMAN1 ,! ,QUE/ION ( ,UNITY ,BETWE5 ! ,WORK]S ,P>TY & ! ,SOCIALI/ ,WORK]S ,P>TY 7,LONG ,ISL& ,CITY3 ,WORK]S ,P>TY ,PRESS1 ,JAN4 #a#i#d#g74 

.<#e#h.> ,MURRAY ,BOOK*91 9T]VIEW BY ,JEFF ,RIGG5BA*1 ,REASON1 ,OCT4 #a#i#g#i1 #c#d-#c#h4 

.<#e#i.> ,>*IE ,LIEB]MAN1 0,! ,LESSONS ( ,WORK+-,CLASS ,HI/ORY10 ,AGA9/ ! ,CURR5T1 ,JUL4 #a1 #a#i#i#e1 #d#b2 ,DAVID ,F9KEL1 0,REMEMB]+ ,>*IE ,LIEB]MAN10 ,AGA9/ ! ,CURR5T1 NO4 #ac 7,M>4-,APR4 #b#c74 

.<#f.> ,KEV9 ,BOYLE1 0,AUT[ORK]S AT ,W>3 ,PATRIOTISM & ,PROTE/ 9 ! ,AM]ICAN ,AUTOMOBILE ,9DU/RY1 #a#i#c#i-#a#i#d#e10 9 ,ROB]T ,A%] & ,RONALD ,$S=?1 $S41 ,AUT[ORK 7,ALBANY3 ,S,U,N,Y ,PRESS1 #a#i#e#e71 #a#a#h-#a#i4 ,SEE ALSO ,GEORGE ,LIPSITZ1 ,RA9B[ AT ,MIDNI<T3 ,LABOR & ,CULTURE 9 ! #a#i#dS 7,URBANA3 ,UNIV]SITY ( ,ILL9OIS ,PRESS1 #a#i#i#d74 

.<#f#a.> ,ALTESON1 ,W>TIME ,/ATE1 #a#d#d4 

.<#f#b.> ,M,B,V,B1 P>T #b#a2 ,*RI/OPH] ,GRAY1 0,! ,C> ,IS ,/ILL ,K+ ON #a#a? ,AV5UE10 ,NEW ,YORK ,TIMES1 ,JUL4 #i1 #b#f4 

.<#f#c.> ,WEB] 7AS ,I,K,D71 0,S,W,P & ,EUROPEAN ,REVOLUTIONS10 #d#a#d4 

.<#f#d.> ,WEB] 7AS ,I,K,D71 0,CAPITALI/ ,B>B>ISM10 #c#c#c-#c#d4 

.<#f#e.> ,IBID41 #c#c#a4 

.<#f#f.> ,IBID41 #c#c-#c#a4 

.<#f#g.> ,ROSA ,LUXEMBURG1 ,JUNIUS ,PAMPHLET 7#a#i#a#e71 *APT] #a1 ONL9E AT BIT4LY4 ,! IDEA ( A *OICE BETWE5 0,SOCIALISM OR ,B>B>ISM0 ACTUALLY W5T BACK TO ,M>X & ,5GELS4 ,9 ! ,COMMUNI/ ,MANIFE/O1 !Y WROTE ?AT ! CLASS /RUGGLE W\LD 5D 0EI!R 9 ! REVOLUTION>Y RECON/ITUTION ( SOCIETY AT L>GE1 OR 9 ! COMMON RU9 ( ! CONT5D+ CLASSES40 ,K>L ,M>X & ,FRI$RI* ,5GELS1 ,MANIFE/O ( ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY1 *APT] #a1 ONL9E AT BIT4LY4 

.<#f#h.> ,! REPORT WAS ISSU$ BY A COMMISSION HEAD$ BY DEPUTY COMMISS> = =EIGN AFFAIRS ,IVAN ,MAISKY 9 ,JULY #a#i#d#d4 ,QUOT$ 9 ,ROB]T ,GELLATELY1 ,/AL9'S ,CURSE 7,NEW ,YORK3 ,KNOPF1 #b#a#c74 

.<#f#i.> ,ROB]T ,DALLEK1 ,FRANKL9 ,D4 ,ROOSEVELT & ,AM]ICAN ,=EIGN ,POLICY1 #a#i#c#b-#a#i#d#e 7,OX=D3 ,OX=D ,UNIV]SITY ,PRESS1 #a#i#i#e71 #d#g#e4 ,WEB]'S HOMET[N ( ,GELS5KIR*5 IS 9 ! ,RUHR >EA4 

.<#g.> ,J]EMY ,BRE*]1 ,/RIKE6 7,BO/ON3 ,S\? ,5D ,PRESS1 #a#i#g#g71 #b#b#h-#c4 

.<#g#a.> ,JOHN ,B>N>D1 ,AM]ICAN ,VANGU>D3 ,! ,U,A,W ,DUR+ ! ,REU!R ,YE>S1 #a#i#c#e-#g 7,DETROIT3 ,WAYNE ,/ATE ,UNIV]SITY ,PRESS1 #b#e71 #b#a#e4 ,QUOTATION IS FROM ,LIPSITZ1 ,RA9B[ AT ,MIDNI<T1 #a#h4 

.<#g#b.> ,JAMES ,MATLES & ,JAMES ,HIGG9S1 ,!M & ,US3 ,/RUGGLES ( A ,RANK & ,FILE ,UNION 7,5GLEWOOD ,CLIFFS1 ,N4,J43 ,PR5TICE ,HALL1 #a#i#g#d71 #a#d#a-#d#b2 ,>T ,PREIS1 ,LABOR'S ,GIANT ,/EP3 ,TW5TY ,YE>S ( ! ,C,I,O 7,NEW ,YORK3 ,PIONE] ,PUBLI%]S1 #a#i#f#d74 ,BRE*]1 ,/RIKE1 #b#b#h-#c4 

.<#g#c.> ,MATLES & ,HIGG9S1 ,!M & ,US1 #a#d#f4 

.<#g#d.> ,ON ! ,S,W,P'S RESOLUTION AGA9/ ! ,I,K,D1 SEE ,ROB]T ,J4 ,ALEX&]1 ,9T]NATIONAL ,TROTSKYISM1 #a#i#b#i-#a#i#h#e3 ,A ,DOCUM5T$ ,ANALYSIS ( ! ,MOVEM5T 7,DURHAM1 ,N4,C43 ,DUKE ,UNIV]SITY ,PRESS1 #a#i#i#a71 #d#b#h2 & 0,MOTIONS ,ADOPT$ BY ! ,POLITICAL ,COMMITTEE ( ! ,SOCIALI/ ,WORK]S ,P>TY10 9 ,GOLDMAN1 ,QUE/ION ( ,UNITY1 ,APP5DIX ,Q2 ,DAVE ,EIS5 TO ,LEO ,BR[N/E91 ,MAY #b#g1 #a#i#d#f1 C\RTESY ,DAVE ,EIS54 

.<#g#e.> ,M,B,V,B1 P>T #a#a4 

.<#g#f.> ,M,B,V,B1 P>T #a#d4 

.<#g#g.> ,JOHN ,E4 ,KLEB]1 $41 ,! ,K5TUCKY ,5CYCLOP$IA 7,LEX+TON3 ,UNIV]SITY ,PRESS ( ,K5TUCKY1 #a#i#i#b71 #c#d#f4 

.<#g#h.> ,EIS5 TO ,BR[N/E91 ,NOV4 #b1 #a#i#d#f2 ,EIS5 TO ,BR[N/E91 ,DEC4 #e1 #a#i#d#f2 ,I,K,D ,FACTION TO ,W,P1 0,HI< ,ROAD OR ,NO ,ROAD02 ,EIS5 TO ,B>NEY ,COH51 ,OCTOB] #b#b1 #a#i#d#f1 C\RTESY ,DAVE ,EIS54 

.<#g#i.> ,MURRAY ,BOOK*91 0,PO/W> ,P]IOD10 9T]VIEW BY ,D\G ,MORRIS1 9 ,BOOK*91 ,AN>*ISM1 ,M>XISM & ! ,FUTURE ( ! ,LEFT 7,$9BUR< & ,SAN ,FRANCISCO3 ,A4,K4 ,PRESS1 #a#i#i#i71 #d#g-#d#h4 

.<#h.> ,M,B,V,B1 P>T #c#a4 

.<#h#a.> ,DWI<T ,MACDONALD1 ,! ,ROOT ,IS ,MAN 7#a#i#e#c71 REPR9T$ 9 ,! ,MEMOIRS ( A ,REVOLUTIONI/3 ,ESSAYS 9 ,POLITICAL ,CRITICISM 7,NEW ,YORK3 ,F>R>1 ,/RAUS @& ,CUDAHY1 #a#i#e#g71 #c#c4#h#a 

.<#h#b.> ,MACDONALD1 ,ROOT ,IS ,MAN1 #b#f#g4 

.<#h#c.> ,EIS5 TO AU?OR1 ,MAY #b#h4#h#c 

.<#h#d.> ,! ,I,K,D ,FACTION TO ! ,W,P1 0,! ,HI< ,ROAD OR ,NO ,ROAD10 WRITT5 ,APR4 #a#h1 #a#i#d#g1 ,NEW ,9T]NATIONAL 7,AUG4 #a#i#d#g74 

.<#h#e.> ,JOSEF ,WEB] 7AS ,WILHELM ,LUN571 0,! ,PROBLEM ( ,SOCIAL ,CONSCI\SNESS 9 ,\R ,TIME10 ,C,I #h1 NO4 #ca 7,OCT4-,NOV4 #a#i#e#g71 #e#e4 

.<#h#f.> ,LEON ,TROTSKY1 0,! ,U,S,S,R 9 ,W>10 7,SEPT4 #b#e1 #a#i#c#i71 9 ,9 ,DEF5SE ( ,M>XISM3 ,! ,SOCIAL & ,POLITICAL ,CONTRADICTIONS ( ! ,SOVIET ,UNION 7#a#i#d#b2 ,NEW ,YORK3 ,PA?F9D] ,PRESS1 #a#i#g#c71 #e4 ,WEB] WROTE AB\T ?IS PASSAGE 9 #aidg 9 ,I,K,D ,FACTION TO ,W,P1 0,HI< ,ROAD OR ,NO ,ROAD40 ,MACDONALD 9VOK$ ! SAME QUOTE 9 HIS #aidf ESSAY 0,! ,ROOT ,IS ,MAN10 9 ,MACDONALD1 ,! ,ROOT ,IS ,MAN 7,NEW ,YORK3 ,AUTONOM$IA1 #a#i#i#e71 #c#b4 

,FROM 3 ,!,AN>*I/,LIBR>Y4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,NOVEMB] #b1 #bb 3 ,BOOK*9'S ,TROTSKYI/ ,DECADE -- ,ADD$4 
,JANU>Y #a#f1 #bbb 3 ,BOOK*9'S ,TROTSKYI/ ,DECADE -- ,UPDAT$4 

 FILE G5]AT$ FROM 3  
HTTP3_/_/REVOLTLIB4COM_/