,*APT] #b 
,CALI=NIA1 ,H]E ,WE ,COME6 

#aideaide 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,ROSE ,PESOTTA 

,TEXT 3 

,*,A,P,T,] #b 

,CALI=NIA ,H]E ,WE ,COME6 

,C,O,N,D,I,T,I,O,N,S ,9 ,! ,L,O,S ,A,N,G,E,L,E,S DRESS 9DU/RY HAD GR[N /EADILY  
WORSE 9 FIVE MON?S4 ,MANUFACTUR]S G5]ALLY W]E VIOLAT+ ! /ATE M9IMUM 
WAGE ( @s#a#f A WEEK = WOM51 & ! ,PRESID5T'S ,REEMPLOYM5T 
,AGREEM5T1 MORE (T5 CALL$ ! ,BLANKET ,CODE1 9 EFFECT UNTIL A P]MAN5T ,CODE 
( ,FAIR ,COMPETITION UND] ! ,N,R,A C\LD BE AGRE$ UPON = ! 9DU/RY4 ,AN 
APPALL+LY L>GE LABOR TURNOV] WAS DELIB]ATELY FO/]$ BY ! EMPLOY]S = 
!IR [N B5EFIT4 ,WORK]S :O %[$ ANY 9CL9ATION TO ORGANIZE = 
SELFPROTECTION W]E PROMPTLY FIR$2 & ! BLACKLI/ OP]AT$ REL5TLESSLY AGA9/ 
?OSE :O D>$ PROTE/4 

,I GOT A CLOSE-UP ( ?IS FROM LOCAL UNION LEAD]S ! MORN+ AFT] MY 
>RIVAL4 ,SOME?+ DRA/IC MU/ BE DONE )9 ! NEXT FEW WEEKS4 

,! ,CITY ( ,ANGELS !N HAD AB\T #ae DRESS FACTORIES1 EMPLOY+ SOME #b1 
WORK]S4 ,AB\T #ge P] C5T W]E ,MEXICAN WOM5 & GIRLS1 ! RE/ ,ITALIANS1 
,RUSSIANS1 ,JEWS1 & ,AM]ICAN-BORN4 ,OV] A ?\S& WORK$ 9 ! CLOAK 
& SUIT 9DU/RY1 N[ FAIRLY BUSYY ,A SMALL HUT ACTIVE SPORTSWE> 9DU/RY MADE 
COTTON G>M5TS1 CASUAL ATTIRE1 & SLACKS1 9 VOGUE AMONG ! ,HOLLYWOOD 
Y\NG] SET4 

,COMP>ATIVELY FEW ( ! DRESSMAK]S KNEW ANY?+ AB\T UNIONISM4 
,EMPLOY]S TOOK ADVANTAGE ( LANGUAGE DIFFICULTIES & RACIAL DIFF]5CES TO 
5C\RAGE SEP>ATISM & SUSPICION4 ,ONE GR\P WAS PLAY$ AGA9/ ANO!R4 ,! 
FACTORY DOOR WAS %UT AS TI<TLY ON ! @s#a#f /ATE M9IMUM WAGE LAW AS ON ! 
,GOLD5 ,RULE4 ,RECORDS ( H\RS WORK$ W]E FALSIFI$ & E>N+S W]E PITIFUL1 9 
SOME CASES AS L[ AS SO C5TS A WEEK4 ,FROM ! /&PO9T ( WAGES & H\RS1 
!RE W]E SWEAT-%OPS 9 SOME ( ! MO/ MOD]N BUILD+S M ,LOS 
,ANGELES4 

,! 0OP5-DOOR SY/EM0 PREVAIL$4 ,WOM5 HUNT+ JOBS W]E GIV5 0! 
FRE$OM ( ! BUILD+40 ,DOORS LEAD+ TO /AIRCASES W]E LEFT UNLOCK$1 SO ?AT !Y C\LD TAKE ! ELEVATOR TO ! TOP FLOOR1 ASK AT 
EA* %OP IF !RE WAS WORK1 WALK D[N TO ! NEXT FLOOR1 & REPEAT ! 
P]=MANCE UNTIL1 IF LUCKY1 !Y F\ND A FEW DAYS' EMPLOYM5T = ! PRICE 
(F]$4 

,IF A RU% ORD] = A FEW DOZ5 DRESSES CAME 9_/= ?IS WAS L>GELY A 
%ORT-ORD] 9DU/RY S]V+ ! LOCAL M>KET C]TA9 FIRMS PUT \T A ,HELP 
,WANT$ SIGN1 BR++ 9 ALL WORK]S ?AT C\LD POSSIBLY BE PLAC$4 ,AS SOON AS 
! ORD] WAS FILL$1 !Y W\LD BE LAID (F4 ,ONE SU* FACTORY HAD ONLY T5 SEW+ 
MA*9E OP]ATORS1 & REQUIR$ AT MO/ TWO H& F9I%]S1 BUT AS MANY AS #ac 
W]E HIR$4 ,G>M5T FACTORY [N]S REG>D$ !IR EMPLOYES AS CASUAL WORK]S1 
9 ! SAME DASS AS MIGRANTS :O H>VE/$ FRUIT & VEGETAHLE CROPS4 

,?IS POLICY WAS NOT CONF9$ TO ! WOM5'S G>M5T 9DU/RY2 IT WAS ?AT ( 
MO/ ,CALI=NIA EMPLOY]S4 ,& ALWAYS !Y HAD A L>GE LABOR RES]VE TO DRAW 
UPON4 ,= V>I\S AG5CIES HELP$ TO SWELL ! /ATE'S POPULATION4 ,AN ORGANIZATION 
KN[N AS ! ,ALL ,YE> ,CLUB SP5T L>GE SUMS = ADS 9 NATIONAL MAGAZ9ES1 
9VIT+ T\RI/S TO COME TO ,S\!RN ,CALI=NIA1 :]E !RE WAS SUN%9E ALL 
YE> R\ND1 & GOOD LIV+4 ,& O!R ORGANIZATIONS & 9DIVIDUAL EMPLOY]S 
US$ BO? NEWSPAP]S & H&BILLS TO ATTRACT PEOPLE FROM \TSIDE1 IMPLY+ IF 
NOT /AT+ ?AT WORK]S 9 ?AT REGION W]E TREAT$ BETT] ?AN ANY:]E ELSE 9 
! C\NTRY4 

,BECAUSE ( ITS SEMI-TROPICAL CLIMATE1 ,S\!RN ,CALI=NIA HAD LONG BE5 A 
HAV5 = ! SICK1 ESPECIALLY ?OSE SUFF]+ FROM RHEUMATISM1 >?RITIS1 A/HMA1 
TUB]CULOSIS1 BRON*IAL ILLNESS1 S9US AILM5TS1 & HE>T TR\BLE4 ,(T5 :5 A 
DOCTOR PRESCRIB$ A /AY 9 ,CALI=NIA = ONE P]SON1 HIS :OLE FAMILY MIGRAT$ 
!RE = ! DURATION4 ,ITS ABLE BODI$ MEMB]S HAD LITTLE *OICE ( EMPLOYM5T4 
,EV5 PEOPLE ) GOOD UNION RECORDS & FROM GOOD UNION T[NS1 W]E 9CL9$ 
TO RU% TO ! FIR/ JOB AVAILABLE1 HE$LESS ( EXI/+ CONDITIONS1 WORK+ ON A 
TEMPOR>Y BASIS UNTIL ! FAMILY DECID$ :E!R TO SETTLE 9 ,LOS ,ANGELES4 ,?IS 
CON/ANT 9FLUX ( NEWCOM]S1 FROM EV]Y P>T ( ! C\NTRY AS WELL AS FROM 
,S\? ( ! BORD]1 IS /ILL A GRAVE PROBLEM = LABOR UNIONS4 

,?AT SAME EV5+1 AT A ,CLOAK & ,DRESS ,JO9T ,C\NCIL MEET+1 ,I HE>D MORE 
AB\T WORK+ CONDITIONS4 ,L\IS ,P9E1 C\NCIL *AIR MAN1 9TRODUC$ ME AS ! NEW G5]AL ORGANIZ]1 S5T BY ! NATIONAL (FICE TO 
L9E UP ! DRESS WORK]S4 ,SIXTY OR MORE P]SONS W]E PRES5T1 9CLUD+ %OP 
*AIRM51 MORE ?AN HALF BE+ WOM54 

,P9E1 = YE>S *AIRMAN ( ,NEW ,YORK ,SKIRTMAK]S' ,LOCAL #b#c1 & !N WORK+ 
AT A SEW+ MA*9E 9 ,LOS ,ANGELES1 WAS AN IMPRESSIVE FIGURE ) HIS MOP ( 
BLACK HAIR & HI< *EEK BONES4 ,A FI<T] = ! RI<TS ( ! CLOAKMAK]S1 HE 
WAS FE>$ & RESPECT$ BY HIS 5EMIES & LOV$ BY HIS FRI5DS4 ,HIS LEAD IS /ILL 
G5]ALLY FOLL[$ 9 UNION AFFAIRS1 EXCEPT 9 MATT]S ( DIVID$ OP9ION ON 
POLITICAL ISSUES4 

,CLOAKMAK]S' ,LOCAL #f#e1 UND] ! LEAD]%IP ( ,P9E & ,H5RY ,RUB9/E91 A 
PRESS] :O /OOD SIDE BY SIDE ) HIM1 HAD MANAG$ TO WEA!R ! 
DEPRESSION1 MA9TA9+ ITS MEMB]%IP DESPITE ! POLITICAL W>F>E L$ BY ! 
,COMMUNI/S )9 ! ORGANIZATION4 ,LAT] !Y LIQUIDAT$ ! CLOAKMAK]S' 
BRAN* ( !IR DUAL UNION 9 ,LOS ,ANGELES & 5ROLL$ 5 MASSE 9 ,LOCAL #f#e4 
,AL?\< ! LOCAL HAD NO WRITT5 PACT ) ! EMPLOY]S1 IT WAS ALWAYS TAK5 
= GRANT$ ?AT CLOAKMAK]S W]E ! BACKBONE ( \R UNION4 ,H5CE :5 ! 
UPSURGE ( #aicc TOOK PLACE1 !Y QUICKLY RE-ALIGN$ !IR =CES4 ,?AT SPR+1 
TOO1 ,CUTT]S' ,LOCAL #hd WAS =M$1 ) ,H>RY ,SCOTT & ,JACK ,HASS AS MANAG] 
& SECRET>Y & A GR\P ( Y\NG M5 9 ! =EFRONT4 ,! DRESSMAK]S 
FOLL[$ 9 !IR FOOT/EPS & BEGAN 5ROLL+ MEMB]S1 ELECT+ ,PAUL ,B]G1 A 
DRESS OP]ATOR1 TO S]VE AS !IR SECRET>Y GRATIS4 

,I TOLD ! GA!R+ ( ! REC5T A*IEVEM5TS 9 ! ,EA/1 T\*+ ON ! 
DRAMA & ! HUMAN SIDE ( ! MI<TY G5]AL /RIKE :I* HAD GIV5 \R 
UNION 9 ,NEW ,YORK ,CITY A *ANCE TO REBUILD ITS BROK5 RANKS4 ,I DWELT UPON ! 
RIS+ ( LABOR ?R\<\T ! C\NTRY1 VOIC+ MY E>NE/ BELIEF ?AT ,LOS ,ANGELES 
W\LD SOON HAVE A SOLID ORGANIZATION ( BO? CLOAK & DRESSMAK]S4 ,RESPONSES 
V>I$ FROM LUKEW>M TO HE>TY4 ,MY RECITAL EVID5TLY HAD ! EFFECT ( A P[]FUL 
9JECTION ON A DOZ5 OR SO4 ,O!RS FELT PESSIMI/IC_/ 0,MEXICAN WOM5 C\LD 
NEV] BE ORGANIZ$40 ,! SKEPTICS REM9D$ ME ?AT ,LOS ,ANGELES G>M5T 
MANUFACTUR]S PREF]R$ ,MEXICANS TO O!RS BECAUSE !Y W\LD 0WORK = A 
PITTANCE & C\LD 5DURE ANY SORT ( TREATM5T40 

,I CONT5D$ ?AT ! ,MEXICAN DRESSMAK]S W]E NORMAL HUMANS1 :O SIMPLY NE$$ HONE/ & 9TELLIG5T GUIDANCE4 ,I HAD WORK$ ) !M ! 
PREVI\S SPR+ & WE HAD GOT ALONG WELL4 

0,SEV]AL ( ?OSE WOM510 ,I SAID1 0>E GREATLY RESPECT$ BY !IR [N PEOPLE4 
,GIVE !SE AN 9T5SIVE TRA9+ 9 ELEM5T>Y TRADE UNIONISM1 & IT WON'T BE 
LONG BE=E !Y >E ,UP TO ! RE/ ( ! ,I,L,G,W,U ORGANIZ+ /AFF40 

0,:AT WE NE$10 DECL>$ ONE C\NCIL MEMB]1 0IS A G5]AL /RIKE4 ,WE >E ALL 
= IT' BUT WE HAV5'T ! MONEY TO F9ANCE IT40 

0,:5 ! TIME IS RIPE10 ,I ASSUR$ H]1 0! NECESS>Y MONEY WILL BE AVAILABLE40 

,! LOCAL UNION LEAD]S BREA!D MORE FREELY :5 ,I EXPLA9$ ?AT ! 
,9T]NATIONAL HAD UND]TAK5 AN ORGANIZ+ CAMPAIGN ( WOM5'S G>M5T 
WORK]S ALL OV] ! C\NTY4 ,!IR T5SION WAS FUR!R EAS$ :5 !Y LE>N$ 
?AT ,I HAD ALREADY DEPOSIT$ A REVOLV+ FUND 9 ! ,BANK ( ,AM]ICA4 ,BEYOND 
D\BT !Y GOT ! IMPRESSION ?AT ,I HAD BR\<T ?\S&S ( DOLL>S ) ME4 

,:]EV] ,I W5T ?OSE FIR/ FEW DAYS1 ,I MET ANXIETY C\PL$ ) HOPEFUL 
EXPECTATION4 ,FRI5DS 9 ! ,CL>E ,DRESS ,COMPANY %OP1 FROM :I* ,I HAD BE5 
FIR$1 CAME TO SEE ME NEXT DAY4 ,9 ! FEW MON?S S9CE ,I LEFT ! _*,VE/ ,COA/1 
!Y HAD SUFF]$ CONT9UALLY FROM ! 9DIGNITIES AGA9/ :I* ,I HAD PROTE/$1 
& !IR S5SE ( REBELLION HAD GR[N4 

0,WE WANT A /RIKE10 SAID ,C>MELA A T9Y CREATURE ) FLA%+ BLACK EYES4 0,WE 
WANT TO PICKET \R %OP40 

0,HAVE Y\ EV] BE5 ON /RIKE BE=E80 ,I ASK$4 

0,NO1 BUT IF O!RS CAN GO \T & W91 LIKE ! ,PHILADELPHIA & ,NEW ,YORK 
DRESSMAK]S1 :Y CAN'T WE80 

0,!Y SAY ! ,N,R,A IS BACK ( US :AT IS ! ,N,R,A ANYWAY80 ANO!R WANT$ 
TO KN[4 

,I BR\<T TOGE!R GR\PS ( !SE ACTIVE WORK]S & EXPLA9$1 ?AT FOLL[+ 
! PASSAGE ( ! ,NATIONAL ,9DU/RIAL ,RECOV]Y ,ACT1 LABOR & 9DU/RY W]E 
9VIT$ TO ,WA%+TON TO PRES5T !IR IDEAS ( ,CODES ( FAIR COMPETITION = !IR 
P>TICUL> FIELDS4 ,\R DRAFT ( A ,DRESS ,CODE WAS FIL$ AFT] ! ,NEW ,YORK /RIKE 
WAS SETTL$1 & \R REPRES5TATIVES W]E TO GO TO ,WA%+TON & CONV9CE 
EMPLOY]S FROM ALL SECTIONS ( ! C\NTRY ?AT !Y %\LD ABIDE BY IT & GIVE 
! WORK]S A LIV+ WAGE4 

,9 ,LOS ,ANGELES1 ! ,N,R,A (FICE WAS SUPPOS$ TO BE UPHOLD+ ! ,PRESID5T'S 
,BLANKET ,CODE4 ,9/EAD1 ?AT (FICE WAS ACTUALLY WORK+ H&-9-GLOVE 
) ! REACTION>Y =CES1 9CLUD+ ! ,*AMB] ( ,COMM]CE & ! ,BETT] 
,AM]ICA ,F$]ATION_/A FRONT ORGANIZATION 5JOY+ ! BLESS+ ( ,H>RY 
,*&L]'S ,LOS ,ANGELES ,TIMES4 

,\R UNION SOON ACCUMULAT$ A MASS ( EVID5CE ( DISCRIM9ATION & 
9TIMIDATION ,WORK]S W]E LET \T ON M]E SUSPICION ?AT !Y HAD SIGN$ UNION 
C>DS4 ,) ! MANUFACTUR]S' BLACKLI/ WORK+ OV]TIME1 !Y W]E DOOM$4 ,I 
KNEW :AT ?AT MEANT3 CON/ANTLY AT WORK BEH9D ! SC5ES WAS ! 
ANTI-UNION MA*9]Y ( ! ,M]*ANTS & ,MANUFACTUR]S' ,ASSOCIATION4 
,ORGANIZ$ 9 #a#h#i#f1 ITS PR9CIPAL OBJECT WAS TO MA9TA9 ! 0TRADITIONAL OP5 %OP 
9 ,LOS ,ANGELES40 

,ONE BASIC RULE ( ! ,BLANKET ,CODE PROVID$ ?AT WORK]S REGI/] !IR TIME 9 
ORD] TO BE PAID = ACTUAL H\RS SP5T 9 ! FACTORY4 ,! DRESS MANUFACTUR]S1 
H[EV]1 DISCOV]$ A WAY TO *ISEL4 

0,DO Y\ KN[1 ,ROSA1 :AT ! BOSS MAKES US DO N[80 ,M>IA1 OLDE/ ( ! 
?REE ,FLORES SI/]S1 COMPLA9$ TO ME4 0,I COME 9 ! MORN+1 PUN* MY C>D1 
WORK = AN H\R1 PUN* ! C>D AGA94 ,I WAIT = TWO H\RS1 GET ANO!R BUNDLE1 
PUN* C>D1 F9I% BUNDLE1 PUN* C>D AGA94 ,!N ,I WAIT SOME MORE_/! :OLE 
DAY ?AT WAY40 

,?IS WAS A CONT9U\S PROCESS1 A BUNDLE ( H& F9I%+ (T5 REQUIR+ ONLY 
A FEW M9UTES' WORK4 ,! RESULT+ TIME-%EET WAS CUMB]SOME1 
COMPLICAT$1 & FREQU5TLY UN9TELLIGIBLE TO ! ,MEXICAN WORK]4 ,& %E HAD TO 
SURR5D] IT BE=E %E RECEIV$ H] PAY4 ,9 C]TA9 FACTORIES1 TOO1 ! VICI\S 
KICK-BACK SY/EM OP]AT$4 ,WORK]S W\LD RECEIVE PAY 9 KEEP+ ) ! 
M9IMUM WAGE LAW1 W\LD SIGN = IT1 & !N W\LD HAVE TO TURN BACK P>T ( 
! MONEY4 

,AP>T FROM ! EV]-PRES5T UND]LY+ 9DU/RIAL CONFLICT1 ,LOS ,ANGELES 
(F]$ A CURI\S SPECTACLE TO ANY /UD5T ( SOCIAL PROBLEMS4 ,TO ! AV]AGE 
T\RI/1 ! CITY SPELL$ SUN%9E1 ,HOLLYWOOD1 BROAD B\LEV>DS1 FILM /UDIOS1 & 
HOMES ( FAVORITE PLAY]S1 ! ,BR[N ,D]BY1 :]E ONE C\LD RUB %\LD]S ) 
CELEBRITIES1 & ,SID ,GRAUMAN'S ,*9ESE ,!AT]1 :]E H& & FOOT PR9TS ( 
MANY MOTION PICTURE />S >E 0IMMORTALIZ$0 9 SIDEWALK CONCRETE4 ,NATURE LOV]S MI<T CLIMB ! M\NTA9S1 /OP OV]NI<T ON ,M\NT ,WILSON TO VISIT A 
WORLD-FAM\S OBS]VATORY1 SP5D A WEEK-5D 9 A CANYON1 OR AT AN OLD 
,FRANCISCAN MISSION ALONG ,EL ,CAM9O ,REAL4 ,9 ! SUMM] ONE C\LD ATT5D ! 
,HOLLYWOOD ,B[L OP5 AIR CONC]TS NI<TLY1 OR GO SWIMM+ 9 ! ,PACIFIC OCEAN4 

,BUT !RE WAS ANO!R SIDE4 ,= MANY YE>S ,LOS ,ANGELES HAD BE5 A ,MECCA = 
/RANGE RELIGI\S CULTS1 UTOPIANS_/PEOPLE ) POLITICAL & ECONOMIC PANACEAS1 
HEAL? FADDI/S1 QUACK DOCTORS1 NUDI/S1 HOMOSEXUALS1 PEOPLE :O BELIEV$ ?AT 
OPTIMISM & A SMIL+ FACE W\LD C>RY !M TRIUMPHANT ?R\< ALL DIFFICULTIES1 
& 9DIVIDUALS 9=MALLY CLASSIFI$ AS ECC5TRICS1 CRACKPOTS1 & SCREWBALLS4 

,W&]+ ?R\< ,P]%+ ,SQU>E1 A MID-CITY OP5 =UM OPPOSITE ! 
SWANK ,BILTMORE ,HOTEL1 ONE GOT A CLOS] PICTURE ( ! IDEAS ?AT P]MEAT$ ?IS 
MELT+ POT4 ,AMID TROPICAL V]DURE1 SOAPBOX]S1 IT9]ANT MISSION>IES1 & 
DEBAT]S ( ALL %ADES CON/ANTLY C>RI$ ON4 ,DUR+ ! ,HOOV] ]A1 ! 
POLITICALLY-M9D$ & ! UTOPIANS (F]$ !IR CURE-ALLS4 ,N[ ! 
TOPICS HAD *ANG$1 & ! VIRTUES & %ORTCOM+S ( ! ,NEW ,DEAL1 ) ITS 
WIDE >RAY ( ALPHABETICAL DEP>TM5TS1 W]E UND] CLOSE SCRUT9Y4 ,ALL 0ISMS0 
W]E GIV5 A HE>+1 ?\< SOMETIMES ! H>ANGUES W]E %\T$ D[N ) 
COLLECTIVE LU/Y LAU<T]4 ,!RE ONE HE>D FREQU5T UNCOMPLIM5T>Y ALLUSIONS TO 
,GOV]NOR ,ROLPH1 0ROSY-*EEK$ BABY KISS]10 :O OBVI\SLY WAS NO 
FRI5D ( ! POOR4 

,MAPP+ \T AN ORGANIZATION PROGRAM1 WE LAID EMPHASIS ON REA*+ ! 
,MEXICAN WORK]S4 ,A LOCAL CULTURAL SOCIETY OP]AT$ A RADIO /ATION1 BROADCA/+ 
9 ,SPANI% FROM A MOVIE !AT] ON ,MA9 ,/REET NE> ! ,PLAZA4 ,MEMB]S W]E 
5TITL$ TO USE ! /ATION TO ANN\NCE BIR?S1 M>RIAGES1 & DEA?S4 ,I JO9$ ! 
SOCIETY & EXPLA9$ TO ! MANAG] ! TASK CONFRONT+ US4 ,HE WAS 
SYMPA!TIC1 P>TICUL>LY :5 HE LE>N$ ?AT \R PROBLEM WAS TO REA* 
,MEXICAN WOM5 WORK]S4 ,:5 ,I PAID SIX MON?S' DUES 9 ADVANCE1 HE AGRE$ TO 
/RET* ! RULE AB\T ANN\NCEM5TS & LET US TALK AB\T ! UNION4 ,SO EA* 
EV5+ AT #g WE DID A %ORT BROADCA/1 :I* WE KNEW WAS HE>D BY EV]Y FAMILY 
[N+ A RADIO SET AMONG ! CITY'S 9NUM]ABLE ,MEXICAN POPULATION4 

,PRES5TLY WE 5GAG$ ,BILL ,BUSICK J\RNALI/1 ORATOR1 PUBLICITY MAN1 & =M] ,SOCIALI/ ,PRESID5TIAL CAMPAIGN MANAG] = ,NORMAN ,?OMAS4 
,HE BEGAN TO $IT \R F\R-PAGE SEMIWEEKLY NEWSPAP]1 ,! 
,ORGANIZ] 9 BO? ,SPANI% & ,5GLI%4 ,WE ISSU$ ATTRACTIVE LEAFLETS ADDRESS$ TO 
WORK]S 9 SPECIFIC %OPS4 ,?IS RESULT$ 9 IMPORTANT NEW CONTACTS1 :I* GAVE 
ME AN OPPORTUNITY TO CULTIVATE SOME ( ! MORE >TICULATE DRESSMAK]S FROM 
ACROSS ! BORD]4 

,AFT] ! BROADCA/S WE W\LD GO D[N TO ,OLV]A ,/REET1 A N>R[ ALLEY AT ! 
FOOT ( ! ,PLAZA1 DAT+ BACK TO ! FIR/ ,SPANI% SETTL]S 9 #a#g#h#a4 ,IT HAD BE5 
RECON/RUCT$ 9 REC5T YE>S & TURN$ 9TO A BAZA> AS AN ATTRACTION = T\RI/S1 
:O GOT A TA/E ( ,MEXICO BY VISIT+ ! QUA9T BOO?S & /ORES [N$ & 
RUN BY ,MEXICANS4 ,H]E W]E H&-MADE POTT]Y & GLASSW>E1 
GIANT-SIZE C&LES = SA9TS' DAYS1 HU>A*AS 7S&ALS71 MANTILLAS 7%AWLS71 
& COLORFUL BASKETS1 SILV] JEWELRY1 C&Y MADE FROM CACTUS_/& 9 SOME 
PLACES V H]E ONE WAS KN[N TO ! PROPRIETOR1 TEQUILLA1 & O!R POT5T 
,MEXICAN BEV]AGES4 

,D>K H&SOME GIRLS ) FIRE 9 !IR EYES L5T COLOR & GRACE TO ! SC5E4 
,!Y C>RI$ ON LIVELY CONV]SATION ) WOM5 :O W]E BUSY COOK+ OV] 
R$-HOT *>COAL ON T9 PLATES TORTILLAS1 FRIJOLES & HOT TAMALES1 SOLD TO 
CU/OM]S :O SAT AT SMALL TABLES UND] ! OP5 SKY4 ,& GR\PS ( BOYS1 
WE>+ BIG SOMBR]OS1 !IR %\LD]S DRAP$ ) GAILY WOV5 PON*OS 
SAUNT]$ TO & FRO 9 ! ROADWAY1 S++ ,MEXICAN BALLADS TO ! 
ACCOMPANIM5T ( GUIT>S1 FIDDLES1 & M>A*AS4 

,A LITTLE !AT] 9 ,OLV]A ,/REET HAD BE5 >TI/ICALLY REMODEL$ BY ,LEO ,C>RILLO1 
( ! /AGE & MOVIES1 HIMSELF A DESC5DANT ( AN OLD ,SPANI% FAMILY4 ,A V>IETY 
%[ 9 ! EV]YDAY TONGUE ( ! ,MEXICANS1 C\PL$ ) NATIONAL DANCES1 WAS 
GIV5 H]E NI<TLY4 ,CLOSE BY1 ,LA ,GOLONDR9A A CELL> RE/AURANT 9 AN ANCI5T 
BUILD+1 DID A RU%+ BUS9ESS1 ) T\RI/S WAIT+ \TSIDE = A *ANCE TO GET 
9 TO DR9K & DANCE4 

,MANY ( ! PEOPLE ,I MET DUR+ !SE NOCTURNAL EXCURSIONS1 WORK]S ALL1 BORE 
NAMES NOTABLE 9 E>LY ,CALI=NIA HI/ORY_/NAMES ( EXPLOR]S1 MILIT>Y & 
RELIGI\S LEAD]S & GR&EES :O HAD RECEIV$ L>GE L& GRANTS FROM ! 
,CA/ILIAN ,CR[N4 

,9 ! ,PLAZA1 ,MEXICAN M5 5GAG$ 9 9=MAL %>P-TONGU$ DEBATES4 ,! WOM51 TRADITIONALLY KEEP+ \T ( PUBLIC LIFE1 SAT ON NE>BY 
B5*ES *ATT+ ) !IR NEI<BORS1 :ILE ! *ILDR5 PLAY$4 ,SEV]AL 
SW>?Y-SK9N$ ORATORS DISCUSS$ PASSIONATELY ! RELATIONS BETWE5 ! 
,UNIT$ ,/ATES & !IR [N C\NTRY4 

0,ALL ?IS ,CALI=NIA1 ?IS L& ( GOLD & SUN%9E10 ONE SAID1 09 JU/ICE 
BELONGS TO ,MEXICO ,IT WAS TAK5 FROM H] 9 #a#h#d#h4 ,SOME DAY ,MEXICO WILL TAKE IT 
BACK40 

0,BUT ?AT'S NOT ! BE/ WAY10 REPLI$ AN OPPON5T4 0,IF \R COMPATRIOTS W\LD 
LI/5 TO ME1 !Y W\LD URGE ?AT ,MEXICO BECOME P>T ( ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES4 ,WE'D 
ALL BE MU* BETT] (F AS ,AM]ICAN CITIZ5S1 ) ! MANY RI<TS & PRIVILEGES 
?AT ! PEOPLE ( ?IS GREAT C\NTRY 5JOY40 

,O!R VOICES TOOK UP ! !ME4 ,IT WAS GOOD = A :OLE EV5+1 OR P]HAPS A 
:OLE WEEK1 ( >GU+4 

,SOME ( ! WOM5 QUIETLY ADMITT$ TO ME ?AT !Y1 TOO1 W\LD LIKE TO BE 
,AM]ICANS4 ,9 ,MEXICO1 !Y SAID1 WOM5 /ILL HAD NO FRE$OM2 A M>RI$ WOMAN 
C\LD NOT VOTE NOR HOLD A JOB )\T H] HUSB&'S CONS5T1 & ! FA!R WAS 
/ILL ! SUPREME RUL] OV] UNM>RI$ DAU<T]S UNTIL !Y REA*$ ! AGE ( #c4 
,! POOR W]E ALWAYS OV]BURD5$ ) WORK1 5TIRE FAMILIES TOIL+ ON ! 
PLANTATIONS [N$ BY ! RI*4 ,?OSE :O WANT$ TO 5T] A PR(ESSION W]E 
LOOK$ UPON ) CONTEMPT_/A HANG-OV] FROM ! ,MOORS :O AT ONE TIME 
RUL$ ,SPA9 & :OSE ,ORI5TAL TRADITIONS W]E C>RI$ TO ! 
,SPANI%-SPEAK+ ,NEW ,WORLD4 

,TWO ACTIVE UNION C[ORK]S1 /ROLL+ ) ME ON ! ,PLAZA'S CURV+ 
WALKS1 PO9T$ PR\DLY TO ! BOLD /ATUE ( ,FELIPE ,DE ,NEVE1 ,GOV]NOR ( 
,CALI=NIA1 :5 IT WAS P>T ( ! ,SPANI% REALM4 ,DE ,NEVE BR\<T ) HIM #bb 
M51 WOM51 & *ILDR5 FROM ,MEXICO 9 #a<a TO E/ABLI% A PUEBLO1 A T[N1 
& NAM$ IT DE ,NUE/RA ,S5ORA ,LA ,RE9A DE ,LOS ,ANGELES1 \R ,LADY1 ,QUE5 ( 
! ,ANGELS4 ,AFT]W>DS1 = CONV5I5CE1 ! NAME WAS %ORT5$ TO ! LA/ TWO 
WORDS4 ,! ,GOV]NOR MAPP$ \T DETAIL$ PLANS = ! T[N'S EXPANSION1 & 
GAVE EA* 9COM+ FAMILY SEV5 ACRES ( L& TO CULTIVATE4 

0,HE WAS A GOOD MAN'0 ,RAMONA ,GONZALES DECL>$4 0,HE MADE ,LOS ,ANGELES = 
US TO LIVE 94 ,:Y DO ! ,YANQUIS SAY WE >E TO BE DEPORT$80 

,A /ONE'S ?R[ FROM ! ,PLAZA1 AT ! HEAD ( ,SUNSET ,B\LEV>D1 ! GIRLS 
LOOK$ ) EQUAL PRIDE ON ANO!R /ATUE_/?AT ( ,PADRE ,JUNIP]O ,S]RA1 LEAD] 
( ! ,FRANCISCAN ,FRI>S1 F\ND]S ( #ba ,CA?OLIC MISSIONS 9 ,CALI=NIA 9 ! 
DAYS ( ,SPANI% RULE ,!SE /RET*$ ALONG A #g-MILE ROAD1 ,EL ,CAM9O 
,REAL_/! ,K+'S ,HI<WAY1 (F]+ %ELT] TO ! TRAVEL] AFT] A DAY'S RIDE4 

,SPANI% & ,9DIAN BLOOD FL[$ 9 ! VE9S ( MANY ( ! WORK]S ) 
:OM ,I HAD DAILY CONTACT4 ,= DECADES1 :5 ,CALI=NIA WAS Y\NG1 ! MUSCLE 
& 5]GY ( !IR ,9DIAN =EBE>S HAD BE5 CONSCRIPT$ BY ! FRI>S1 :O 
SAV$ ! S\LS ( !SE SIMPLE PEOPLE & EXPLOIT$ !IR BODIES4 

,*UR*LY PEONAGE 9 ! AGRICULTURAL FIELDS WAS LONG GONE FROM ,CALI=NIA1 BUT 
9 ITS PLACE WAS WAGE SLAV]Y1 :I* HAD 9 ITS TOILS ?\S&S ( HUMANS ) 
BRONZE & COPP] SK9S ,FROM ! BEG9N+ ( ! TW5TIE? C5TURY1 ,MEXICAN 
TILL]S ( ! SOIL & !IR FAMILIES HAD BE5 5C\RAG$ TO COME 9TO ! ,GOLD5 
,/ATE 9 /EADILY 9CREAS+ NUMB]S TO GA!R ! SEASONAL CROPS & !N TO 
DEP>T4 ,9 LAT] YE>S !IR S]VICES W]E US$ L>GELY BY ! ,ASSOCIAT$ ,F>M]S1 
AN ALLIANCE ( BIG L&-[N]S1 NOTORI\SLY CALL\S TO ! WELF>E ( HIR$ 
H&S4 

,LIV+ QU>T]S PROVID$ = ! ,MEXICAN MIGRANTS W]E PRIMITIVE 9 ! 
EXTREME1 USUALLY CONSI/+ ( A CLU/] ( T5TS OR %ACKS 9 AN OP5 SPACE1 
)\T ?\<T ( COM=T OR PRIVACY4 ,!SE FAMILIES = EV5 T9Y *ILDR5 
ACCOMPANI$ !IR MO!RS 9TO ! FIELDS OR OR*>DS TO WORK BESIDE !M 
?R\<\T ! DAY_/0*AS$ ! SEASONS0 9 BATT]$ FLIVV]S SEV]AL FAMILIES 
(T5 RID+ 9 ONE C>4 

,AS ! SEASON ADVANC$1 & ! LAT] FRUITS OR VEGETABLES RIP5$ & W]E 
READY = PICK+1 ! MIGRANTS MOV$ FROM RAN* TO RAN*1 TOIL+ FROM 
SUN-UP TO SUN-D[N4 ,9 ,CALI=NIA A F>M IS CALL$ A RAN*4 

,POORLY PAID & H>D DRIV51 MANY ( !SE AGRICULTURAL WORK]S1 SEEK+ TO 
LEAVE !IR ?ANKLESS LABORS1 NATURALLY GRAVITAT$ TO ! PR9CIPAL ,CALI=NIA CITIES1 
:]E COMPATRIOTS HAD PREC$$ !M4 ,?US HUNDR$S ( ,MEXICAN WOM5 & 
GIRLS1 TRADITIONALLY SKILLFUL ) ! NE$LE & EAG] TO GET AWAY FROM FAMILY 
DOM9ATION1 HAD F\ND !IR WAY 9TO ! G>M5T 9DU/RY 9 ,LOS ,ANGELES4 

,A FEW HI< CA/E1 ,CALI=NIA-BORN ,MEXICAN FAMILIES PROSP]$ 9 TRADE & 
[N$ WELL-APPO9T$ HOMES 9 ! BETT] SECTIONS ( ! CITY4 ,! PEOPLE 
) :OM ,I WAS CONC]N$ LIV$ MA9LY 9 ! \TSKIRTS1 ON UNPAV$ /REETS1 AT 
! 5D ( C>-L9ES1 9 RICKETY OLD %ACKS1 UNPA9T$1 UNHEAT$1 USUALLY 
)\T BA?S & ) \TSIDE TOILETS4 ,)9 ! FLIMSY WALLS ( ?OSE %ACKS1 
! OCCUPANTS %IV]$ ) ! MORN+ & EV5+ *ILL4 ,LIKE ! DES]T1 ,LOS 
,ANGELES IS HOT DUR+ ! DAY1 BUT COM=TABLY COOL ON SUMM] EV5+S4 ,9 ! 
FALL1 SPR+1 & W9T] HOMES !RE NE$ HEAT4 

,! USUAL ME?OD ( A LABOR ORGANIZ] 9 NEW T]RITORY IS TO R+ DOORBELLS 9 
SEEK+ \T PROSPECTIVE UNIONI/S4 ,BUT !RE W]E NO DOORBELLS = ME TO R+ 
:5 ,I W5T CALL+ 9 !SE SLUMS ) SOME ( ! ,SPANI%-SPEAK+ GIRLS4 

,YET (T5 ! SQUALID EXT]IORS W]E DECEPTIVE1 ! 9T]IORS1 :ILE POORLY 
FURNI%$1 BE+ CLEAN & NEAT4 ,9 NOT A FEW ( ! ,MEXICAN DWELL+S W]E 
FRIGIDAIRES1 EXP5SIVE RADIO SETS1 L>GE FLOOR LAMPS1 VACUUM CLEAN]S1 & O!R 
LUXURIES :I* HAD BE5 SOLD ON ! 9/ALLM5T PLAN BY SILV]-TONGU$ 
SALESM54 ,9 ONE PLACE ,I VISIT$ A HUGE REFRIG]ATOR /OOD AS A %[-PIECE 9 
! C5T] ( ! LIV+ ROOM1 UNUS$ BECAUSE ! ELECTRICITY HAD BE5 %UT (F = 
NONPAYM5T4 ,9 ANO!R H\SE1 ALSO A RE> %ACK 9 ! ,BELV$]E SECTION1 ,I 
SAW A BABY-GR& PIANO1 B\<T ON TIME = @s#c#d = A 
#a#b-YE>-OLD GIRL /UDY+ MUSIC 9 A PUBLIC S*OOL4 ,! *ILD'S FA!R 
WAS A PICK-&-%OVEL MAN1 IRREGUL>LY EMPLOY$1 ! MO!R A DRESS 
F9I%]1 EK+ \T A MEAG] LIV+4 ,H] GREATE/ FE> WAS ?AT ! PIANO1 H] 
PR\DE/ POSSESSION1 W\LD BE TAK5 AWAY IF %E FAIL$ 9 H] PAYM5TS4 ,H5CE 
%E WAS WILL+ TO TAKE WORK HOME1 ANY K9D & = ANY L5G? ( H\RS1 = H] 
DAU<T]'S SAKE4 

,! *IEF FE> ?AT HUNG OV] !SE IMMIGRANTS1 H[EV]1 WAS ?AT ( 
DEPORTATION4 ,MANY FAMILIES HAD NO 9COME BEYOND ! MEAG] SEASONAL WAGE ( 
A S+LE WORK]1 & W]E ON C\NTY RELIEF4 ,EMPLOY]S1 KN[+ ?AT A COMPLA9T 
TO ! AU?ORITIES W\LD LEAD TO DEPORTATION ( \TSPOK5 EMPLOYES1 US$ ?IS 
?REAT TO CURB ! REBELLI\S4 

,GRADUALLY ! ,MEXICANS 9 ! DRESS FACTORIES CAME TO \R UNION HEADQU>T]S1 
ASK+ QUE/IONS TIMIDLY BUT EAG]LY4 ,SOME EMPLOY]S1 LE>N+ ( SIGN$ 
MEMB]%IP C>DS1 SC(F$3 0,!Y WON'T /ICK40 ,O!RS W]E PLA9LY WORRI$4 
,WOM5 NOT YET 9 \R RANKS CAME ) ! DISQUIET+ NEWS ?AT !IR BOSS HAD ?REAT5$ TO REPORT !M TO ! 
IMMIGRATION AU?ORITIES & HAVE !M 0S5T BACK0 IF !Y JO9$ \R UNION4 ,WE 
PROMIS$ ?AT \R ATTORNEYS W\LD FI<T ANY SU* UND]H&$ MOVE4 

,MEAN:ILE ! ,CLOAKMAK]S' ,UNION1 HAV+ CONSOLIDAT$ ITS RANKS1 WAS TRY+ 
TO REA* AN AGREEM5T ) ! EMPLOY]S4 ,NEGOTIATIONS HAD BE5 GO+ ON = 
WEEKS1 BUT ! EMPLOY]S HAD US$ V>I\S PRETEXTS TO /ALL = TIME4 ,!Y HOP$ 
MATT]S W\LD DRAG ALONG UNTIL ! 5D ( ! SEASON1 :5 !Y W\LD HAVE ! 
UPP] H&1 = IT IS USUALLY H>D TO GA9 ANY IMPROVEM5T 9 CONDITIONS :ILE 
FACTORIES >E %UT = LACK ( WORK4 

,UND] ! LEAD]%IP ( ,L\IS ,P9E1 ABLY ASSI/$ BY ,H5RY ,RUB9/E91 ! 
SOLID1 SL[-SPEAK+ PRESS] & VET]AN MEMB]1 & BU%Y-HAIR$ ,I4 
,LUTSKY1 REC5TLY ADD$ TO ! /AFF AS BUS9ESS AG5T1 ! UNION CALL$ A 
MASS-MEET+ TO DECIDE ON ! NEXT MOVE4 

,AT #c O'CLOCK ON ,TUESDAY1 ,SEPTEMB] #b#e1 ! CITY'S CLOAKMAK]S LAID D[N !IR 
TOOLS1 WALK$ \T ( ! %OPS1 & M>*$ ?R\< ! G>M5T DI/RICT TO 
,WALK]'S ,ORANGE ,GROVE ,!AT] ON ,GR& ,/REET4 ,QUICKLY ! PLACE WAS FILL$ TO 
CAPACITY & ANO!R HALL HAD TO BE OP5$ = ! OV]FL[4 

,! DET]M9ATION ( ! WORK]S AT ?AT GA!R+ WAS IMPRESSIVE4 ,!Y 
LI/5$ TO ! REPORT ( !IR LEAD]S1 & VOT$ UNANIM\SLY TO AU?ORIZE !M 
TO CALL A G5]AL /RIKE1 IF ! EMPLOY]S CONT9U$ TO /ALL4 ,! /OPPAGE WAS ITSELF 
A MANIFE/ATION ( A VIGOR\S ORGANIZATION CELEBRAT+ ITS REBIR?4 ,!RE WAS ONLY 
A ONE-&-A-HALFH\R CESSATION ( WORK1 BUT IT MADE ! FRONT 
PAGES ( ! LOCAL NEWSPAP]S4 

,?AT /RIKE VOTE WAS A SURPRISE & A %OCK TO ! EMPLOY]S1 :O HAD BE5 
SKEPTICAL AB\T \R ORGANIZATION /R5G?4 ,NEXT DAY SOME HA/5$ TO VOICE !IR 
READ9ESS TO SIGN UP1 EVID5TLY FE>+ ?AT A SECOND MID-DAY MEET+ MI<T 
BE MORE S]I\S4 

,) ! CLOAKMAK]S' ACTION AS A CUE1 ! L>GE/ MEET+ ( DRESSMAK]S EV] 
HELD 9 ,LOS ,ANGELES TOOK PLACE 9 ! SAME AUDITORIUM ON ! #b#g?4 ,!Y 
DISCUSS$ !IR GRIEVANCES AT L5G?1 *E]$ SPEAK]S :O TOLD ( ! REC5T 
DRESSMAK]S' VICTORIES 9 ! ,EA/]N CITIES1 & VOT$ UNANIM\SLY = A G5]AL 
/RIKE IF ! EMPLOY]S FAIL$ TO RECOGNIZE !IR UNION & REFUS$ TO GRANT !IR REASONABLE DEM&S4 ,! LEAD]%IP WAS GIV5 FULL P[] TO ACT4 ,?OSE DEM&S 
9CLUD$ UNION RECOGNITION1 A #c#e-H\R WEEK1 A GU>ANTE$ M9IMUM WAGE 
= EA* CRAFT1 9 ACCORDANCE ) ! P5D+ ,DRESS ,CODE2 REGUL> UNION H\RS1 
#h3#c A4M4 TO #d3#c P4M41 ) AN H\R = LUN*2 A FIVE-DAY WEEK2 %OP 
*AIRMAN & PRICE COMMITTEE TO BE ELECT$ BY ! WORK]S ( EA* %OP2 NO 
HOME WORK2 NO WORK] TO PUN* A TIME-C>D EXCEPT ON ACTUALLY 5T]+ OR 
LEAV+ ! FACTORY2 ALL DISPUTES TO BE ADJU/$ BY A COMMITTEE COMPOS$ ( ! 
%OP *AIRMAN1 A REPRES5TATIVE ( ! UNION1 & A REPRES5TATIVE ( ! 
EMPLOY]1 & AN IMP>TIAL >BITRATOR SELECT$ BY MUTUAL CONS5T1 TO DECIDE ON 
DISPUTES 9 ! EV5T ( A DEADLOCK4 

,A COPY ( ! PROPOS$ AGREEM5T HAD BE5 S5T EA* EMPLOY] ) A LETT] 
ASK+ ?AT HE MEET ) US 9 CONF]5CE4 ,BUT WE REALIZ$ ?AT NONE ( ! DRESS 
FACTORY [N]S W\LD CONSID] MEET+ ) US1 S9CE !Y W]E ACT+ UND] 
9/RUCTIONS FROM ! ,ASSOCIAT$ ,APP>EL ,MANUFACTUR]S ( ,LOS ,ANGELES4 

,WE HAD 9 \R POSSESSION A COPY ( A BULLET9 ISSU$ BY ?AT ORGANIZATION ON 
,AUGU/ #c#a1 RECOMM5D+ 0ME?ODS :I* MAY BE ( ASSI/ANCE 9 =E/ALL+ 
POSSIBLE EMPLOYEE DIFFICULTIES40 ,IT 9CLUD$ !SE SUGGE/IONS3 

0,DELAY OR PO/PONE WAGE OR H\R DISCUSSION ) EMPLOYES = #bd H\RS AFT] 
A REQUE/ IS RECEIV$4444 ,)9 ?AT TIME PLEASE MEET ) ! PROP] ASSOCIATION 
COMMITTEE ?AT MAY BE PO/$ ON CONDITIONS ( ! MOM5T4 

0,BE=E HIR+ ANY EMPLOYEE 4 4 4 DO NOT FAIL TO COMMUNICATE ) ! LA/ EMPLOY] TO LE>N ACTUAL CAUSE ( LEAV+4 ,?IS IS ESS5TIAL JU/ N[ 4 4 40 

0,E/ABLI% A POLICY ( LAY+ (F TEMPOR>ILY OR P]MAN5TLY ?OSE APP>5TLY MORE 9T]E/$ 9 MAK+ UNREASONABLE TR\BLE 4 4 40 

,WE ALSO HAD A COPY ( AN E>LI] BULLET9 CALL+ MEMB]S TO A MEET+1 TO 
BLOCK A PROPOS$ M]G] ( ! ,/ATE ,BUREAU ( ,LABOR & ! ,9DU/RIAL ,WELF>E 
,COMMISSION4 ,?IS CONSOLIDATION1 ! ASSOCIATION'S EXECUTIVE SECRET>Y WROTE1 
W\LD WORK 0TREM5D\S H>D%IP0 UPON LOCAL MANUFACTUR]S4 

,CIT+ 0S]I\S COMPETITION FROM ! ,EA/]N M>KETS0 :I* ,LOS ,ANGELES 
G>M5T COMPANIES HAD TO MEET1 ! SECRET>Y'S MESSAGE CONT9U$ PO9T$LY3 

0,WE HAVE BE5 ABLE TO OV]COME A LOT ( ?IS RESI/ANCE ?R\< ! CLOSE 
COOP]ATION ( ! ,9DU/RIAL ,WELF>E ,COMMISSION4 ,H[EV]1 IF ?AT 
DEP>TM5T IS M]G$ ) ! ,BUREAU ( ,LABOR 4 4 4 ALL ?IS GOOD WORK WILL BE 
WIP$ \T & WE WILL 4 4 4 BE =C$ TO /RICTLY ADH]E TO ! M9IMUM WAGE LAWS 
( ,CALI=NIA444 

0,LOS ,ANGELES HAS ALWAYS BE5 AN OP5 %OP T[N1 & IT IS \R 9T5TION ?AT 
IT REMA9 SO4 ,!RE=E WE MU/ RESI/ ?IS CONSOLIDATION4444#a 

,AS \R CAMPAIGN GA9$ MOM5TUM1 ! NEWSPAP]S DEALT ) IT AT SOME 
L5G?4 ,! LOCAL ,N,R,A (FICE /EPP$ 91 9VIT+ BO? SIDES TO A CONF]5CE4 
,?REE SESSIONS ) ! EMPLOY]S CONV9C$ US ?AT !Y DID NOT MEAN BUS9ESS4 
,!Y OBJECT$ P>TICUL>LY TO HAV+ ! WORD 0UNION0 OR ! NAME ( ! 
,I,L,G,W,U 9 ANY SIGN$ AGREEM5T6 

,EV5TS MOV$ SWIFTLY4 ,DIS*>GES = UNION ACTIVITIES CONT9U$_/9 ONE %OP 
#bi WORK]S W]E FIR$2 DRESSMAK]S 5ROLL$ 9 9CREAS+ NUMB]S1 ) ! 
,MEXICAN WOM5 & GIRLS LEAD+2 & WE GA!R$ A MASS ( EVID5CE ( 
9TIMIDATION1 ( OP5 VIOLATION ( ! /ATE M9IMUM WAGE LAW1 & ( FLAGRANT 
DISREG>D ( /ATE SANIT>Y & SAFETY REGULATIONS4 

,LOOK+ 9TO ! MATT] ( EXP5SE = ! /RIKE :I* N[ APPE>$ 
9EVITABLE1 ,I F\ND ! CO/ ( A PUBLIC HALL )9 WALK+ DI/ANCE FROM ! 
G>M5T DI/RICT PROHIBITIVE4 ,!N ,I CANVAS$ /REETS (F ! BEAT5 TRACK & 
F\ND SEV]AL VACANT BUILD+S :I* C\LD BE HAD AT REASONABLE FIGURES4 ,WE 
W\LD HAVE TO 9/ALL A COMMISS>Y1 = FE$+ ! /RIK]S W\LD BE ESS5TIAL4 
,! RE/ WAS NOT A PROBLEM1 AS \R ,9T]NATIONAL ALWAYS PAYS /RIKE B5EFITS & 
9CID5TAL EXP5SES ?AT >E 9CLUD$ 9 AN ORGANIZATION DRIVE4 ,WE HAD ONLY ?REE 
(FIC]S ON \R PAYROLL4 ,\R O!R ACTIVE PEOPLE1 AS WELL AS ! (FICE /AFF1 WORK$ 
AS VOLUNTE]S1 ! UNION PAY+ = !IR LUN*ES1 TROLLEY & BUS F>ES1 & 
GASOL9E = ?OSE :O [N$ FLIVV]S ,\R PAYROLL WAS NEGLIGIBLE1 ! (FIC]S 
RECEIV+ >\ND @s#c#e P] WEEK EA*4 

,WRIT+ TO MY HOME (FICE LATE 9 ,SEPTEMB]1 ,I TOLD ( ! /EADY 9FLUX ( 
,SPANI%-SPEAK+ WORK]S 9TO ! ,I,L,G,W,U4 ,! NUMB] ( ,MEXICAN WORK]S ALREADY SIGN$ UP WAS SIZABLE 5\< TO COMP>E 
PROMIS+LY ) ! L>GE/ ( ! ,LAT9 GR\PS )9 \R ,9T]NATIONAL1 ! 
,ITALIANS4 0,WE GET !M10 ,I EXPLA9$1 0BECAUSE WE >E ! ONLY ,AM]ICANOS :O 
TAKE !M 9 AS EQUALS4 ,!Y MAY WELL BECOME ! BACKBONE ( \R UNION ON ! 
,WE/ ,COA/40 

,IF A /RIKE HAD TO COME1 ,I REPORT$1 WE W]E PREP>$ TO ACT QUICKLY4 ,SU* A 
CONT+5CY MI<T >ISE ANY DAY 9 VIEW ( ! CONC]T$ DIS*>GE ( \R 
MEMB]S 9 L>GE NUMB]S4 ,! PRESID5T ( ! ,9T]NATIONAL WAS A/\ND$ AT 
\R SPE$1 BUT OBVI\SLY IMPRESS$4 ,I ASK$ ?AT SOME ONE BE S5T TO HELP ) 
NEGOTIATIONS :ILE ,I TOOK C>E ( ORGANIZATION R\T9E4 ,PROMPTLY ONE ( \R 
NATIONAL VISE-PRESID5TS1 ,ISRAEL ,FE9B]G1 AN ACE NEGOTIATOR1 WAS ASK$ TO 
COME4 ,I ALSO RECEIV$ A CONSID]ABLE *ECK1 NOT ALL ! MONEY ,I ASK$ =1 BUT 
5\< TO GIVE US A GOOD />T4 

,FE9B]G >RIV$ BY PLANE ON ,OCTOB] #d4 ,NEXT DAY HE ACT$ AS *IEF SPOKESMAN 
= ! CLOAK & SUIT MAK]S 9 CONF]5CE ) ! EMPLOY]S4 ,! 
HALF-DAY /OPPAGE MADE !M MORE AM5ABLE TO A PEACEFUL SETTLEM5T1 
:I* WAS WORK$ \T 9 SUBSEQU5T DISCUSSIONS4 

,MANIFE/LY A G5TLEM51 & ALWAYS CORRECTLY DRESS$1 ,FE9B]G WAS !N 9 HIS 
MIDDLE FIFTIES4 ,LIKE MO/ ( \R LEAD]%IP & CONTR>Y TO ! POPUL> 
CONCEPTION1 HE IS QUIET SPOK51 YET HAMM]S HOME HIS >GUM5TS CONV9C+LY4 
,ONE EMPLOY] REM>K$ ?AT 0IF HE HAD /UDI$ LAW1 ,MR4 ,FE9B]G MI<T HAVE 
BECOME ONE ( ,AM]ICA'S GREATE/ LAWY]S40 

,\R RELATIONS ) ! DRESS MANUFACTUR]S W]E NOT SMOO?4 ,!Y BALK$ 
ANEW AT \R PROPOSALS & WANT$ 0MORE TIME = CONSID]ATION40 

,AT A SPECIAL SESSION ) LOCAL UNION EXECUTIVE (FIC]S & ! 
RANK-&-FILE ORGANIZATION COMMITTEE1 V>I\S /&+ COMMITTEES 
W]E APPO9T$ = 0EM]G5CY DUTIES0 IF NEGOTIATIONS %\LD FAIL4 ,9 SU* A 
CONFLICT1 PREMATURE ANN\NCEM5T ( PLANS MU/ BE C>EFULLY GU>D$ AGA9/ SO 
AS NOT TO GIVE ! O!R SIDE OPPORTUNITY = FUR!R 9TIMIDATION4 ,! EXECUTIVE 
COMMITTEE !RE=E HAD AGRE$ TO LEAVE IT TO ,VISE-,PRESID5T ,FE9B]G1 ,PAUL 
,B]G1 & ME TO SET ! DATE = ! WALK\T1 NOT TO BE ANN\NC$ UNTIL ! ACTUAL DAY4 

,I W5T AHEAD AT FULL SPE$ ) F9AL >RANGEM5TS_/R5T$ A VACANT 
?REE-/ORY L(T BUILD+ AT ,LOS ,ANGELES & ,ELEV5? ,/REETS1 HAD A 
TELEPHONE 9/ALL$1 & R5T$ DESKS = ! (FICES & #b1 FOLD+ *AIRS = 
! /RIKE MEET+ ROOMS & ! L>GE ASSEMBLY L(T ON ! TOP FLOOR4 ,NO ONE BUT 
MYSELF & ANO!R COMMITTEE MEMB] KNEW ! LOCATION ( ?OSE QU>T]S4 

,F,O,O,T,N,O,T,E,S 

#a4 ,ITALICS H]E >E M9E-,R4,P4 

,FROM 3 ,AN>*Y ,>*IVES4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,NOVEMB] #c1 #aidd 3 ,*APT] #b -- ,PUBLICATION4 
,FEBRU>Y #i1 #bag 3 ,*APT] #b -- ,ADD$4 

 FILE G5]AT$ FROM 3  
HTTP3_/_/REVOLTLIB4COM_/