,*APT] #bi 
,GRAVEY>D3 ,BO/ON IS ,BO/ON 

#aideaide 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,ROSE ,PESOTTA 

,TEXT 3 

,*,A,P,T,] #bi 

,GRAVEY>D3 ,BO/ON IS ,BO/ON 

,R,E,F,R,E,%,$ ,A,F,T,] ,M,Y ,H,O,L,I,D,A,Y1 ,I WAS READY = A NEW ASSIGNM5T4 ,TWO 
JOBS W]E (F]$ TO ME4 ,\R SMALL ,DRESSMAK]S' ,LOCAL #* 9 ,NEW ,YORK 
WANT$ ME TO CONDUCT A DRIVE AMONG ! %OPS ( ! ,FIF? ,AV5UE MODI/ES4 
,WOM5 :O MADE CO/LY G[NS1 PRIC$ AT HUNDR$S ( DOLL>S1 C\LD H>DLY 
MAKE A LIV+ ON ! L[ WAGES PAID !M4 ,FIRMS :I* OP]AT$ UND] UNION 
CONDITIONS ON ! ,AV5UE C\LD NOT COMPETE ) ! OP5 %OP GR\P4 ,BUT 
,BO/ON DRESSMAK]S PRESS$ ME TO COME !RE4 

,I *OSE ,BO/ON4 ,AT DIFF]5T TIMES S9CE #aiaf ,I HAD LIV$ 9 ?AT CITY1 
WORK+ 9 SEASON ON WAI/S & DRESSES & MAK+ MY HOME ) MY SI/] 
,ES!R1 :O WAS RAIS+ A FAMILY4 ,AS A PLACE TO WORK1 H[EV]1 IT HAD NEV] 
APPEAL$ TO ME_/PRODUCTION ME?ODS W]E COMPLICAT$1 MA*9]Y 
ANTIQUAT$4 

,! ,I,L,G,W,U BRAN* 9 ,BO/ON WAS ONE ( \R OLDE/4 ,ONCE A /RONG UNION1 
IT HAD HAD MANY UPS & D[NS4 ,! 9T]NAL W> 9 \R RANKS 9 ! ,TW5TIES 
& ! DEPRESSION LAT] HAD PLAY$ HAVOC ) IT4 ,I SAW ?AT >EA AS A 
NEGLECT$ FIELD1 OV]RUN ) WE$S4 

,?REE PIONE] ,BO/ON MEMB]S_/,*>LES ,JACOBSON1 ,B5JAM9 ,KURL&1 
& ,ISAAC ,POS5_/HAD S]V$ ON \R ,G5]AL ,EXECUTIVE ,BO>D4 ,JACOBSON WAS 
ONCE ! ,9T]NATIONAL'S ACT+ PRESID5T = SEV]AL MON?S4 ,!IR ,G,E,B 
MEMB] N[ WAS ,PHILIP ,KRAM]1 A CUTT] BY TRADE4 ,HE & ,I ONCE WORK$ 9 
! SAME DRESS %OP4 

,KRAM] IS A REM>KABLE FELL[1 A LOCAL BOY :O MADE GOOD4 ,PRIOR TO #aicb 
V>I\S NATIONAL (FIC]S HAD BE5 /ATION$ 9 ,BO/ON1 BUT NONE HAD /AY$ 
ANY GREAT L5G? ( TIME4 ,KRAM]1 H[EV]1 HAS BE5 REPEAT$LY 
REELECT$ AS ,JO9T ,BO>D MANAG] ?R\< TWELVE YE>S1 HAV+ BE5 A 
BUS9ESS AG5T E>LI]4 ,Y\NG 9 APPE>ANCE1 & TO MY M9D ! H&SOME/ 
MAN ON ! ,G,E,B1 HE IS A MEMB] ( ! ,AM]ICAN ,LEGION & WIDELY 
LIK$ 9 ,BO/ON1 ,HIS GREAT VIRTUE AS A LABOR LEAD] IS ?AT HE NEV] MAKES ANY DECISIONS UNTIL HE GETS ! CONS5T 
( ! UNION ELD]S1 :O LIKE TO BE CONSULT$ ON ACTIONS AFFECT+ !IR UNITS ,9 
CIVIC AFFAIRS HE PLAYS A NOTABLE ROLE1 BE+ APPO9T$ TO MANY IMPORTANT /ATE 
& MUNICIPAL COMMITTEES4 

,9 #ai* ! PROBLEM ( ! DRESSMAK]S 9 ,BO/ON WAS CRITICAL4 ,! LOCAL'S 
TREASURY WAS DEPLET$1 ! SMALL MEMB]%IP DEJECT$4 

,LATE 9 ,JANU>Y1 AFT] A ,G,E,B SESSION 9 ,NEW ,YORK1 ,I W5T BY PLANE TO ! 
NEW JOB SC5E ) ?REE O!R BO>D MEMB]S ,LUIGI ,ANTON9I1 
SECRET>Y-MANAG] ( \R BIG ,NEW ,YORK ,ITALIAN ,LOCAL #h#i1 ,ISRAEL ,FE9B]G1 
,PACIFIC ,COA/ ,I,L,G,W,U DIRECTOR2 & ,KRAM]4 ,WE SPOKE AT A MEET+ ( ,ITALIAN 
,LOCAL #h4 ,ITS PRESID5T1 ,F$]ICO ,BORSA1 AMIABLE CLOAKMAK]1 :O CAPABLY 
CONDUCT$ ! LOCAL'S BUS9ESS :ILE WORK+ 9 A %OP1 CALL$ UPON ! 
MEMB]%IP TO GIVE ME ITS UN/9T$ AID4 

,IT WAS GRATIFY+ ?AT FIR/ EV5+ TO HAVE SEV5 MEMB]S ( ,LOCAL #h'S 
EXECUTIVE BO>D VOLUNTE] = ! COM+ CAMPAIGN_/ ,M>IO ,TURCO1 ,M9NIE 
,POLITO1 ,ELIZABE? ,GANGEMI1 ,MATILDA ,M9IGL]I1 ,ES!R ,ANTONUCCI1 ,ANNA 
,F9NACI]E1 & ,ALFR$ ,SCOLA4 ,& ,ANTONIO ,DI ,MAGGIO1 ! SECRET>Y1 & 
,ANTONIO ,DI ,GIROLAMO1 ! BUS9ESS AG5T1 PROMIS$ :OLEHE>T$ HELP4 

,NEXT DAY ,I ACCLIMAT$ MYSELF BY ATT5D+ %OP1 LOCAL1 & COMMITTEE 
MEET+S4 ,9 ! EV5+ ,I WAS (FICIALLY 9TRODUC$ TO ! ,JO9T ,BO>D BY ITS 
*AIRMAN1 ,JOSEPH ,G>B]1 TALL SLIM PRESS]4 ,I REM9D$ !M ?AT 9 ! 
,I,L,G,W,U !RE WAS A SAY+3 0,BO/ON IS ,BO/ON60_/:I* WAS NOT 
COMPLIM5T>Y_/& ?AT IT WAS KN[N AS A GRAVEY>D = ORGANIZ]S4 ,?OSE 
:O HAD WORK$ 9 ?AT CITY REPORT$ ?AT ALL !Y GOT FROM ! LOCAL 
MEMB]%IP WAS LIP-S]VICE4 

,BECAUSE ,I WAS A DIFF]5T K9D ( ORGANIZ]1 ,I DECL>$1 ! MEMB]S ( ALL 
! LOCALS MU/ WORK ) ME OR ,I W\LD LEAVE 9 A MON?4 ,& IF IT CAME TO 
?AT1 MY REPORT W\LD ADVISE ! NATIONAL (FICE NEV] TO S5D ANO!R 
ORGANIZ] 9TO ,BO/ON4 ,WOLF ,W9]1 CLOAKMAK] & P]5NIAL RECORD+ 
SECRET>Y1 TOOK D[N MY REM>KS1 & ,I KNEW ?AT !SE M9UTES W\LD BE 
READ BE=E EV]Y LOCAL4 

,?OSE MEET+S W]E HELD 9 UNION HEADQU>T]S1 A D+Y RUN-D[N 
BUILD+ ON ,LA,GRANGE ,/REET BEH9D ! ,HOTEL ,T\RA9E1 A BLOCK FROM ,BO/ON 
,COMMON4 ,=M]LY OCCUPI$ BY A CONT9UATION S*OOL1 IT HAD KN[N NO 
PA9T 9 EI<T YE>S1 ! W9D[S BADLY NE$$ WA%+1 & ! PICTURES & *>T]S ON ! WALLS W]E BR[N ) 
SMOKE & GRIME4 ,AS ,I WALK$ D[N FROM ! F\R? FLOOR1 ,I 9ADV]T5TLY 
CLUT*$ ! BANI/] = A MOM5T1 & DU/ CLUNG TO MY H& LIKE A D>K 
GRAY GLOVE4 

,NATURALLY MY FIR/ DEM& WAS = R5OVATION4 ,ANY NONUNION WORK] 
:O ATT5D$ ONE MEET+ H]E LIKELY W\LDN'T RETURN4 ,! ELD]S AGRE$ TO 
HAVE ! :OLE BUILD+ R$ECORAT$ :5 ,I PO9T$ \T ?AT 9 ! EV5T ( A 
/RIKE WE C\LD USE ! UPP] FLOORS = MEET+S 9/EAD ( R5T+ SPACE 
ELSE:]E4 

,C>P5T]S & PA9T]S W]E HIR$ & BEGAN WORK UND] MY G5]AL 
DIRECTION4 ,I HAD P>TITIONS TORN \T TO 5L>GE SMALL ROOMS1 HI!RTO US$ 
*IEFLY = /OR+ JUNK & = P9O*LE GAMES4 ,TOILETS & 
WA%-ROOMS1 REPELL5T ) DIRT1 W]E SCRUBB$ & PUT 9 DEC5T %APE4 
,FURNITURE WAS BR\<T FROM ! BASEM5T1 & ,I BUSI$ MYSELF ) CLEAN+ 
& %ELLACK+ IT TO HA/5 \R PROGRESS4 

,OLD-TIM]S1 MO/LY CLOAK & SKIRT MAK]S1 LOOK$ ON1 %RUGG+ 
!IR %\LD]S4 ,W\LD ?IS BR+ 9 NEW MEMB]S8 ,!Y RECALL$ :5 A 
UNION MEANT SOME?+ TO ITS MEMB]S2 :5 SOME ( !M GAVE !IR 
WEEKLY PAY 5VELOPES TO ! SECRET>Y1 OR MORTGAG$ !IR HOMES_/! 
MONEY GO+ TO DEFRAY UNION EXP5SES4 ,BUT N[ ?+S HAD *ANG$1 !Y 
AV]R$4 

,AS SOON AS ! PA9T WAS DRY & ! PLACE TOOK ON A NEW & 9VIT+ 
COMPLEXION1 ,I >RANG$ AN (FICIAL OP5+1 ) PL5TY ( SALAMI1 H]R+1 
CORN$ BEEF1 PUMP]NICKEL BREAD1 S\R PICKLES1 & AMPLE FIREWAT] TO WA% 
D[N ! $IBLES4 ,EXECUTIVE MEMB]S1 %OP *AIRM5 & *AIRLADIES1 & 
ACTIVE RANK-&-FIL]S ATE LIB]ALLY & ?AW$ \T4 

,ON ,SATURDAY MORN+ A 0COMMITTEE0 ( ?REE APPE>$ AT MY (FICE4 
,W\LDN'T ! NEW ORGANIZ] TREAT !M TO A DR9K8 ,( C\RSE %E W\LD4 ,I 
GAVE !M A @s#a BILL1 EXPECT+ TO GET SOME *ANGE4 ,!Y %[$ UP AGA9 
,MONDAY EV5+1 ?ANK+ ME1 HAV+ SP5T ALL ! MONEY4 

,:5 !Y CAME ! NEXT ,SATURDAY ) ! SAME IDEA1 ,I AGRE$ ON ONE 
CONDITION_/?AT !Y BR+ 0! /UFF0 TO UNION HEADQU>T]S :]E ALL C\LD 
%>E IT4 ,!Y ACCEPT$ A SECOND T5-SPOT & PRES5TLY RETURN$ ) 
DR9KS & FOOD4 ,WE MADE ANO!R SPREAD1 & EV]YONE :O HAPP5$ TO COME 9 JO9$ US4 ,!SE REFRE%M5TS BECAME A 
REGUL> WEEKLY FEATURE4 

,& SOON ! MEMB]S ATT5D+ BR\<T 9 NONUNION WORK]S AS 
GUE/S4 ,!SE VISITORS1 JO9+ UP1 GAVE ME VALUABLE 9=MATION AB\T %OP 
CONDITIONS4 

,MY SPECIAL JOB WAS TO ORGANIZE OV] A ?\S& NONUNION DRESS 
WORK]S4 ,! DRESS PACT W\LD EXPIRE %ORTLY1 & WE BEGAN MAK+ PLANS = 
ITS R5EWAL_/?IS TIME )\T ! CU/OM>Y G5]AL /RIKE4 

,9 ! PA/ ! SY/EM ( ORGANIZATION 9 ,BO/ON WAS SIMPLE3 ,EV]Y TWO 
YE>S ! COLLECTIVE AGREEM5T W\LD EXPIRE4 ,!N A G5]AL /RIKE W\LD BE 
CALL$1 ITS PURPOSE BE+ TO UNIONIZE ! OP5 %OPS1 :I* (F]$ KE5 
COMPETITION TO ! UNION FACTORIES4 ,AFT] AB\T TWO WEEKS ( CONFLICT 9 
,FEBRU>Y BITT] COLD1 ?OSE :O ALREADY HAD CONTRACTS W\LD R5EW !IRS1 & 
! RE/ W\LD EI!R FI<T IT \T ON ! PICKET L9ES1 OR CLOSE !IR FACTORIES = 
! DURATION & LEAVE = ,FLORIDA4 ,AFT] ! /RIKE WAS (FICIALLY SETTL$ 
EMPLOYES ) UNION AGREEM5TS W\LD RETURN TO WORK ) BETT] /&>DS 
& WAGE 9CREASES4 ,WORK]S 9 NONUNION %OPS ALSO W\LD BE CALL$ 
BACK1 UND] SLI<TLY IMPROV$ CONDITIONS1 ONLY TO F9D ?AT ! IMPROVEM5T 
SOON WORE (F4 ,IT WAS A SORT ( TUNELESS M]RY-GO-R\ND4 

,EMPLOY]S :O ACTIVELY RESI/$ ALL ATTEMPTS ( \R UNION TO ORGANIZE !IR 
WORK]S DID NOT UND]/& ?AT1 BY SO DO+1 IRREP>ABLE DAMAGE WAS DONE 
NOT ONLY TO !IR [N BUS9ESS BUT TO ! G>M5T M>KET AS A :OLE4 ,LIKE 
O/RI*ES BURY+ !IR HEADS 9 ! S&1 !Y DID NOT REALIZE ?AT AS A RESULT 
( !IR GU]RILLA TACTICS NEI!R !IR GR\P NOR ! UNION WAS ! W9N]2 ?AT 
! ,BO/ON M>KET WAS CON/ANTLY %R9K+1 MANY BUY]S AVOID+ IT BECAUSE 
( 9ABILITY TO GET ORD]S FILL$ ON TIME4 ,MOREOV]1 :5 /RIKES OCCURR$1 !Y 
FAIL$ TO SEE ?AT !Y [$ CONSID]ATION TO ! COMMUNITY4 

,\R CASE HAD TO BE C>RI$ TO ! PUBLIC AT L>GE4 ,SELDOM 9 REC5T YE>S HAD 
WE GOT A DEC5T BREAK 9 ! ,BO/ON DAILY PRESS1 :I* R>ELY SAW NEWS 9 \R 
UNION EXCEPT :5 !RE W]E PICKET-L9E CLA%ES OR >RE/S 9 /RIKES4 
,=TUNATELY1 9 E>LI] DAYS ,I HAD MADE FRI5DS ) SEV]AL LOCAL NEWSPAP] 
M54 ,UND] ! GUIDANCE ( ONE ( !M1 ,I WROTE A C>EFULLY PHRAS$ LETT] TO 
! $ITOR ( ! ,BO/ON ,TRAVEL]4 ,IT CALL$ ATT5TION TO 0! PEACEFUL A*IEVEM5TS0 ( ! 
,I,L,G,W,U1 :I* USUALLY DID NOT GET 9TO ! NEWS COLUMNS1 & ITS CURR5T 
CAMPAIGN 0TO COMPLETE ITS ORGANIZATION 9 ,BO/ON )\T A /RIKE1 OR EV5 A 
?REAT ( ONE1 IF POSSIBLE40 

,?AT LETT]1 ?\< #eg WORDS LONG1 WAS PR9T$ 9 FULL1 & READ]S BE>+ 
WELL-KN[N NAMES WROTE ME1 COMM5D+ \R RESPECT = PUBLIC 
OP9ION & \R SANE APPROA* TO A PROBLEM :I* SO (T5 HAD L$ TO VIOL5T 
CONFLICT4 

,! EXI/+ AGREEM5T WAS AN OLD-FA%ION$ CUMB]SOME DOCUM5T 
( TW5TY-SIX PAGES1 ) SUPPLEM5T>Y CLAUSES1 SOME NULLIFY+ 
O!RS4 ,9V>IABLY ?IS W\LD BE SIGN$ BY ONLY ONE MEMB] ( A FIRM4 ,[+ 
TO ! HI< MORTALITY ( SU* FIRMS1 :I* LIV$ FROM H& TO M\?1 
P>TN]%IPS W\LD BE DISSOLV$ AT ! 5D ( A SEASON1 !IR RESPONSIBILITY 
UND] ! CONTRACT CEAS+4 

,IMM$IATELY ,I SET \T TO HAVE ! AGREEM5T =M /REAML9$4 ,I TOOK IT TO 
\R ATTORNEYS1 ,GEORGE ,E4 ,ROEW] & ,FRANK ,REEL1 & !Y RE%AP$ & 
GREATLY %ORT5$ IT4 

,:5 ?AT HAD BE5 DONE ,PHIL ,KRAM] MADE ! R\NDS ( ! G>M5T 
FIRMS1 & ?IS TIME HE HAD BO? MEMB]S ( EV]Y P>TN]%IP 9 ! UNION 
%OPS SIGN \R SIMPLIFI$ CONTRACT4 

,FROM ! />T ,I HAD URG$ EA* LOCAL TO =M ITS [N ORGANIZATION 
COMMITTEES1 :I* W\LD WORK UND] MY DIRECTION4 ,DISCOV]+ ?AT ,I MEANT 
BUS9ESS1 !Y ACTUALLY ROLL$ UP !IR SLEEVES & W5T TO T[N4 ,MORN+1 
NOON1 & EV5+ !Y BUSI$ !MSELVES TALK+ ) NONUNION 
WORK]S >\ND ! M>KET1 9 LUN*-ROOMS1 & 9 SUBWAYS1 VISIT+ 
SOME 9 !IR HOMES1 & BR\<T !M TO ! (FICE 0JU/ TO SIGN UP40 

,! QUE/ION ( ! CORRECT APPROA* TO PROSPECTIVE MEMB]S ALSO WAS 
DISCUSS$ AT L5G? ) ,ANNE ,%]MAN1 PRESID5T ( ,DRESSMAK]S' ,LOCAL #d#f1 
& V>I\S MEMB]S ( ITS EXECUTIVE BO>D1 9CLUD+ ,ROSE ,SIMK9S1 ,MANYA 
& ,ANNA ,TITELBAUM1 ,M>Y ,J4 ,KE>NS1 ,JANE ,M>RA1 ,M9NIE ,NA?AN1 ,AGNES 
,NA%1 ,MOLLIE ,NAGEL1 ,J5NIE ,*IPLOVITZ1 ,RU? ,KL>FIELD1 ,IDA ,GORMAN1 & ,ROSE 
,H&ELMAN4 ,ALL !SE G5]AT$ FRE% 5]GY = ! CAMPAIGN4 

,AFT] WORK H\RS ?IS GR\P_/,ITALIAN1 ,SYRIAN1 ,IRI%1 & ,JEWI% 
WOM5_/W5T \T ( !IR WAY TO URGE NONMEMB]S TO VISIT \R HEADQU>T]S4 ,AT EA* MEET+ WE W\LD S]VE SUB/ANTIAL S&WI*ES1 
SPONGE CAKE1 & C(FEE TO POT5TIAL MEMB]S1 :O ADMITT$ ?AT ?IS WAS 
!IR FIR/ KN[L$GE ?AT A UNION 0ALSO C\LD BE A NICE PLACE40 

,! PRESS]S HAD !IR [N DIFFICULTIES4 ,AS A CLOSELY KNIT GR\P 
MA9TA9+ !IR UNION /&>DS1 !IR WAGE SCALE WAS @s#d#i4#e A WEEK4 ,BUT 
NEW1 SMALL ELECTRIC IRONS HAD LATELY BE5 9TRODUC$ 9 ! BIG %OPS1 REPLAC+ 
! OLD-FA%ION$ L>GE BULKY GAS IRONS & HEAVY ELECTRIC IRONS1 & 
EMPLOY]S F\ND AN AMPLE SUPPLY ( COLOR$ WOM5 PRESS]S WILL+ TO WORK 
= @s#a#d OR @s#a#f A WEEK4 ,!SE NEW PRESS]S C\LD TURN \T AS MANY G>M5TS 
P] DAY AS ! O!RS1 OR EV5 MORE1 & (F]$ KE5 COMPETITION 9 ! 
9DU/RY4 ,NATURALLY \R APPEAL TO !M WAS MA9LY ON ! BASIS ( 
WAGE-RATES4 ,WE C\LD NOT (F] AT ONCE TO RAISE !IR WAGES TO @s#d#i4#e1 
BUT A SLID+ SCALE UPW>D C\LD BE WORK$ \T4 ,AS SOON AS ! WOM5 
LE>N$ H[ !Y W]E BE+ *EAT$1 !Y BEGAN TO SIGN UNION C>DS1 HOP+ 
SOON TO BE ABLE TO E>N AS MU* AS \R M54 

,!IR CAUSE WAS =TIFI$ BY SETT+ UP A SPECIAL PRESS]S' COMMITTEE HEAD$ 
BY ?REE PROGRESSIVE ,NEGRO MEMB]S ( ,LOCAL #a#b_/ ,EL5A ,CL>K1 ,IDA ,GRE51 
& ,E!LLE ,&]S51 :O W]E SUPPORT$ BY ! LEAD]%IP ( !IR 
LOCAL_/,H5RY ,TOKMAN1 ,ABE ,S*W>TZ1 ,FRANK ,FO/]1 ,HYMAN ,NEWMAN1 ,JOE 
,G>B]1 ,HYMAN ,WEISB]G1 ,SAM ,KRAM]1 ,MORRIS ,FOX1 ,MAY] ,K>ESKY1 & 
O!RS4 ,!Y SAW ?AT ONLY BY GETT+ ! UND]PAID WOM5 PRESS]S UND] 
! UNION W+ C\LD !Y SAFEGU>D !IR [N JOBS4 

,9 ! CUTT+ DEP>TM5TS WE ALSO HAD A S]I\S PROBLEM4 ,?IS CRAFT 
REQUIRES A C]TA9 AM\NT ( TRA9+ & SKILL1 = EMPLOY]S WANT TO SAVE 
Y>DAGE & TO AVOID WA/+ ANY MAT]IAL4 ,H5CE ! CUTT]S HAVE LONG 
CONSID]$ !MSELVES ! >I/OCRATS ( ! 9DU/RY4 ,BUT 9 ,BO/ON1 AS 
ELSE:]E1 ! EMPLOY]S HAD LE>N$ A NEW TRICK4 ,LADS HIR$ AS ]R& BOYS1 
%IPP+ CL]KS1 OR SWEEP]S1 W\LD ASSI/ AT ! CUTT+ TABLES 9 !IR SP>E 
TIME1 ) ! CUTT] 9 *>GE TEA*+ !M4 ,GRADUALLY !Y W\LD TAKE OV] 
P>TS ( ! SKILL$ CUTT]S' WORK_/SPREAD+ MAT]IAL ON LONG TABLES PRIOR TO 
HAV+ IT CUT TO PATT]NS1 CUTT+ ! TRIMM+S1 MAK+ UP ! CUT MAT]IAL 
9TO BUNDLES4 ,= ?IS !Y RECEIV$ LITTLE REMUN]ATION ,MEAN:ILE SKILL$ 
CUTT]S ) FAMILIES W\LD BE \T ( JOBS4 

,! CUTT]S' LOCAL1 UND] ! GUIDANCE ( ,JOSEPH ,ROS5BLATT1 & ,JACOB 
,AMES1 VISE-PRESID5T & TREASUR] RESPECTIVELY ( ! ,JO9T ,BO>D1 & 
,MORRIS ,KRAM]1 ,L\IS ,KRIESMAN1 ,SAM ,GOLDB]G1 ,TOM ,B\LOS1 & ,JACK 
,:ITE1 TOOK UP ITS TASK ) DET]M9ATION4 ,AS SOON AS A CUTT+ DEP>TM5T 9 
ONE FACTORY SIGN$ UP AS A UNIT1 DESIGNAT$ \R UNION AS ITS COLLECTIVE 
B>GA9+ AG5T1 WE W\LD MEET ) !IR EMPLOY]1 :O W\LD RELUCTANTLY 
SIGN A MEMOR&UM AGREE+ ?AT ?IS DEP>TM5T WAS TEMPOR>ILY 
RECOGNIZ$ AS AN APPROPRIATE UNIT UNTIL ! ,N,L,R,B C\LD RULE ON ! QUE/ION1 
& ?AT ! WORK]S HAD A RI<T TO BELONG TO ,CUTT]S' ,LOCAL #g#c4 

,BY ! 5D ( SPR+ WE HAD 5ROLL$ ALL ! CUTT+ DEP>TM5TS ( ! 
%OPS ON MY LI/4 ,O!R CRAFTS FOLL[$ 9 L9E4 

,\R ,BO/ON BRAN* ( ! ,9T]NATIONAL WAS DIVID$ 9TO TWO DI/9CT UNITS 
! CLOAK1 SKIRT1 & DRESS JO9T BO>D1 :I* HAD TO DO ) ! HI<] PRIC$ 
WOM5'S WE>+ APP>EL1 & ! COTTON DRESS & MISCELLANE\S 
DEP>TM5T4 

,BO/ON CLOAK & SUIT WORK]S HAD AN EXCELL5T COLLECTIVE AGREEM5T1 ) 
HI< /&>DS4 ,H>RY ,B]GSON1 A FAIR-M9D$ CITIZ51 S]V$ AS !IR 
IMP>TIAL >BITRATOR4 ,MORRIS ,DAM>SKY1 ,WOLF ,W9]1 & ,MORRIS ,GRE5B]G = 
! MA*9E OP]ATORS1 & ,JACOB ,S*NEID] & ,ISAAC ,BOR5/E9 = ! 
H& F9I%]S1 GU>D$ !IR H>D-WON UNION CONDITIONS1 & REFUS$ TO 
BE BULLDOZ$4 

,= SOME 9TANGIBLE REASON ! HI<] PRIC$ DRESS BUS9ESS 9 ?IS >EA DID 
NOT GR[4 ,BUT ,NEW ,5GL& FACTORIES PRODUC+ COTTON G>M5TS1 BL\SES1 
SKIRTS1 & MISCELLANE\S KNITWE> HAD FL\RI%$ 9 REC5T YE>S1 ?\< 
COMP>ATIVELY FEW ( ?OSE W]E 9 ,BO/ON ,RA!R !Y W]E 9 O!R 
,MASSA*USETTS T[NS & 9 ,RHODE ,ISL&1 ,V]MONT1 ,NEW ,HAMP%IRE1 & 
,MA9E4 ,MO/ ( !SE W]E RUNAWAY %OPS FROM ,NEW ,YORK1 ,BO/ON1 & AS 
F> WE/ AS ,*ICAGO1 ) GRASP+ [N]S :O W]E TRY+ TO DODGE ! 
M9IMUM /&>DS PREVAIL+ 9 ! 9DU/RY S9CE ! ,N,R,A'S ADV5T4 
,EMPLOY+ MO/LY H\SEWIVES1 WOM5 FROM F>MS1 & S*OOL-GIRLS1 
!Y MA9TA9$ !IR SAMPLE ROOMS 9 ! L>G] CITIES4 

,! COTTON G>M5T & MISCELLANE\S DEP>TM5T ( ! ,I,L,G,W,U 9 
,BO/ON WAS 9 *>GE ( ,JACOB ,HALP]91 =M] ,9T]NATIONAL 
VISE-PRESID5T1 :O HAD ! ASSI/ANCE ( ,M>Y ,LEV91 /ATELY1 LEVEL HEAD$ EXECUTIVE & =M] DRESSMAK]1 LONG ) \R ,PHILADELPHIA (FICE4 
,?AT DEP>TM5T HAD COME 9TO BE+ AFT] ! #aicf DRESS /RIKE M ,BO/ON 
5D$ ) SC>CELY ANY GA9S2 ! UNION !N BEGAN TO CONC5TRATE ON ! 
RUNAWAY %OPS 9 O!R ,NEW ,5GL& T[NS4 

,L9K$ TO ,HALP]9'S DIVISION1 ! RA9WE> SECTION ( ! 9DU/RY1 MANAG$ 
BY ,NA?AN ,B>K]1 WAS EXPECT+ A GOOD SEASON4 ,EXCELL5T REPORTS CAME FROM 
,S\!A/]N ,MASSA*USETTS & ,RHODE ,ISL&1 :]E ,WILLIAM ,ROSS WAS 9 
*>GE4 ,HE HAD SUCCE$$ 9 *ECK+ ! FL[ ( OP5-%OP 
MANUFACTUR]S FROM ,BO/ON & ,NEW ,YORK 9TO ?AT >EA BY BUILD+ UP A 
/RONG ORGANIZATION 9 HIS T]RITORY4 

,UPON MY >RIVAL 9 ,BO/ON1 ,I HAD REWEI<$ ! ,I,L,G,W,U LOCAL $UCATIONAL 
PROGRAM1 & SAW IT DID NOT MEET ! MEMB]%IP'S NE$ ,MU* CONC]N$1 ,I 
=M$ A JO9T $UCATIONAL C\NCIL1 ) REPRES5TATIVES FROM EV]Y LOCAL1 & 
) A LETT]-HEAD LI/+ ALL !IR NAMES4 ,A BUDGET WAS AGRE$ UPON1 & 
ALL CLASSES1 EXCEPT SWIMM+ & GYM1 W]E HELD 9 UNION HEADQU>T]S4 

,\R AIM WAS TO W9 OV] ! HABITUAL CRITICS :O SC(F$ AT 
0$UCATION-%M$UCATION40 ,:]EAS 9 O!R CITIES ,I (T5 HAD TO DEAL 
UNIONI/S WORK]S :O HAD NO CONCEPTION ( TRADE UNIONISM & \R PLACE 9 
WORK]S' $UCATION1 H]E ALL ( !M W]E S9C]E UNIONI/S :O SIMPLY HAD 
LO/ !IR P]SPECTIVE4 ,!Y NE$$ TO BE >\S$ FROM LE?>GY & /IRR$ 
9TO CON/RUCTIVE ACTION4 

,WE 5DEAVOR$ TO GIVE ! ,BO/ON MEMB]%IP A CLE> UND]/&+ ( 
! NEW LABOR LEGISLATION ?AT HAD COME 9TO BE+ S9CE #a#i#c#c1 & :AT 
B5EFITS !Y C\LD D]IVE FROM IT4 ,?AT FALL ! ,FAIR ,LABOR ,/&>DS ,ACT WAS 
TO BECOME EFFECTIVE1 SETT+ A FLOOR = WAGES & A CEIL+ = H\RS4 ,H5CE ,I 
ASK$ SEV]AL LOCAL $UCATORS1 LAWY]S1 & (FICIALS ( ! /ATE & F$]AL 
LABOR DEP>TM5TS TO 5LI<T5 !M ON !SE TOPICS4 

,TIMIDLY SOME ( ?OSE :O HAD SC(F$ AT US E>LI] BEGAN TO %[ UP AT 
!SE SESSIONS4 ,GO+ A /EP FUR!R1 ,I ANN\NC$ ?AT WE W\LD S5D 
MEMB]S ?AT SUMM] TO ,WELLESLEY ,9/ITUTE1 SOME ON TWO WEEKS' 
S*OL>%IPS4 

,I SELECT$ = ?OSE SPECIAL /UDIES C]TA9 9DIVIDUALS :OM ,I ?\<T 
W\LD GET L>GE VALUE \T ( !M4 ,!Y 9CLUD$ ,JACOB ,S*NEID] ( ! H& 
F9I%]S' LOCAL2 ,JOSEPH ,G>B]1 *AIRMAN ( ! ,BO/ON JO9T BO>D2 ,HYMAN ,NEWMAN1 PRESS]S' *AIRMAN2 ,S>AH 
,GRE5SPOON1 ,ROSE ,SIMK9S1 & ,HAZEL ,DOBBS1 DRESSMAK]S1 & ,E!LLE 
,&]SON & ,E!L ,NEBLETT1 ,NEGRO PRESS]S4 ,ANN ,BAD51 DRESSMAK]1 WAS 
S5T TO ,BRYN ,MAWR ,SUMM] ,S*OOL4 

,SOME ( \R OLD] MEMB]S NE$$ TO LE>N ?AT !Y AS WELL AS ! 
Y\NG/]S MU/ BE TRA9$ 9 NEW TE*NIQUES = CONDUCT+ ! UNION'S 
AFFAIRS4 ,T[>D ?AT 5D ,I >RANG$ ) ,M>K ,/>R1 DIRECTOR ( \R 
$UCATIONAL DEP>TM5T 9 ,NEW ,YORK1 TO S5D US SPEAK]S ) IMPORTANT 
MESSAGES = ?IS SPECIAL AUDI5CE4 ,/>R HIMSELF CAME TO SPEAK1 & O!RS 
W]E ,FANNIA ,M4 ,COHN1 PIONE] 9 HIS DEP>TM5T & ITS EXECUTIVE SECRET>Y2 
,SIMON ,F>B] & ,S]AF9O ,ROMUALDI1 RESPECTIVELY $ITORS ( \R ,JEWI% & 
,ITALIAN PUBLICATIONS2 & ,*>LES ,ZIMM]MAN1 SECRET>Y-MANAG] ( MY 
[N ,LOCAL #b#b4 ,>TURO ,GIOVANNITTI & ,FRANK ,LIB]TY1 ON SEV]AL OCCASIONS1 
DELIV]$ R\S+ ADDRESSES TO ! ,ITALIANS2 & ,FRANK ,CROSSWAI?1 MEMB] ( 
\R /AFF & HEAD ( ! ,NEGRO ,LABOR ,COMMITTEE1 ) HEADQU>T]S 9 
,H>LEM1 CAME FROM ,NEW ,YORK REPEAT$LY TO HELP L9E UP HIS CO-RACIALS4 

,TO CREATE NEW OPPORTUNITIES = WORK]S :O W]E JOBLESS BECAUSE SOME 
SECTIONS ( ! G>M5T 9DU/RY W]E OV]CR[D$1 ,I SET UP A SEW+ S*OOL 
TO RETRA9 !M = WORK 9 O!R SECTIONS4 ,?AT S*OOL WAS EQUIPP$ ) FIVE 
MA*9ES1 ) ALL SORTS ( ATTA*M5TS = SPECIAL TYPES ( SEW+4 ,M>Y ,LE 
,BLANC1 SKILL$ SAMPLE-MAK] FROM ,MA9E1 S]V$ AS 9/RUCTOR4 

,AT A CLOAKMAK]S' MEET+ ,I LI/5$ TO SPEE*ES BY M5 :O H>K$ BACK 
ACROSS F\R DECADES TO DAYS 0:5 A UNION WAS A UNION1 :5 ELECT$ (FIC]S 
HAD REAL CONSID]ATION = ! RANK-&-FILE40 

,:5 CALL$ UPON TO SPEAK1 ,I SAID ?AT AFT] HE>+ ?OSE SPEE*ES1 ,I WAS 
SURE !Y W]E LUCKY PEOPLE4 ,9 ! BASIC 9DU/RIES1 FEW M5 C\LD SIT AT SU* 
A MEET+ & RECALL :AT HAD HAPP5$ 9 !IR UNION =TY YE>S E>LI]4 ,& 
9 SOME 9DU/RIES1 A MAN =TY YE>S OLD WAS \T1 & H>DLY C\LD F9D 
EMPLOYM5T4 ,! FACT ?AT !SE WORK]S 9 ,BO/ON C\LD TAKE P>T 9 A UNION 
MEET+1 DAMN ! LEAD]S1 & GET AWAY ) IT1 ,I HELD1 WAS AMPLE PRO( ?AT 
!IRS WAS A GOOD UNION4 

,:5 ,I NOTIC$ A BRI<T LOOK+ Y\? HANG+ >\ND \R (FICE1 ,I ASK$ 
:O HE WAS1 & LE>N$ ?AT HE WAS ,LEO ,K>ESKY1 A PRESS]4 ,HIS FA!R1 
,MAY] ,K>ESKY1 ,I KNEW AS ONE ( \R MO/ VALUABLE MEMB]S4 ,S\ND+ ! 
BOY \T AS TO HIS AMBITIONS1 ,I WAS 5\< IMPRESS$ BY HIS 9TELLIG5CE TO 
(F] TO S5D HIM TO ,WELLESLEY ,9/ITUTE1 & PROMIS$ TO TRA9 HIM AS AN 
ORGANIZ]4 

0,:AT'S 9 IT = ME80 WAS HIS FIR/ QUE/ION4 

0,NO?+ AT PRES5T10 ,I SAID1 0BUT IF Y\ HAVE A HEAD ON Y\R %\LD]S1 Y\ 
CAN LE>N ?+S1 BECOME A SOMEBODY1 & LIVE LIKE A HUMAN BE+40 

,! TWO WEEKS AT ,WELLESLEY W]E AN EYE"7OP5] = HIM1 & ON RETURN+ 
TO ,BO/ON HE BEGAN TO SUPPLEM5T :AT HE HAD LATELY LE>N$ BY SY/EMATIC 
READ+ & OBS]VATION ( UNION PROC$URE4 ,9 DUE TIME WE PLAC$ HIM AS AN 
ORGANIZ] 9 ! SKIRT DIVISION4 

,! FOLL[+ SUMM] ,I S5T HIM & O!R MEMB]S TO ATT5D \R 
WEEK-5D ,9/ITUTE AT ,HUDSON ,%ORE ,WORK]S' ,S*OOL 9 ,WE/ ,P>K1 ,N4,Y4 
,LAT] HE BECAME *AIRMAN ( \R ,MASSA*USETTS ,$UCATIONAL ,C\NCIL1 S]V+ 
?US UNTIL ,JANU>Y1 #a#i#d#b1 :5 HE VOLUNTE]$ = W> S]VICE4 ,TODAY 
,LIEUT5ANT ,LEO ,K>ESKY IS US+ HIS TAL5TS 9 H&L+ ROOKIES 9 ! ,>MY 
,AIR ,CORPS4 

,I WAS =TUNATE 9 ?OSE DAYS 9 HAV+ ! ASSI/ANCE ( MY NIECE1 ,DORO?Y 
,RUB91 & A Y\NG WOMAN FROM \R ,PHILADELPHIA (FICE1 ,REBECCA ,B]G ,BORN 
9 ,BO/ON1 ,DORO?Y HAD ATT5D$ BO? HI< S*OOL & BUS9ESS S*OOL1 & 
KNEW %OR?&1 TYP+1 & MIMEOGRAPH+4 ,%E WAS EAG] TO FOLL[ 9 MY 
FOOT/EPS4 

,LAT]1 :5 ,W9IFR$ ,MC,DONALD1 A VIVACI\S Y\NG TEA*]1 CAME 9 AS 
RECREATIONAL DIRECTOR1 ! ?REE GIRLS WORK$ 9 F9E H>MONY & UNION 
HEADQU>T]S SOON WAS GAY ) !ATRICALS & P>TIES4 ,9 ! FALL WE 
BRAN*$ \T FUR!R & MADE MANY NEW FRI5DS BY HOLD+ DANCES1 /YLE 
%[S1 & A GAY ,HALL[E'5 FE/IVAL_/ALL 9 ! ,BRAD=D ,HOTEL4 

,9 ! SUMM] MON?S WE >RANG$ V>I\S \T+S1 9CLUD+ EXCURSIONS 
BY /EAM] TO ,PROV9CET[N1 ON ! TIP ( ,CAPE ,COD1 :]E ! ,PILGRIMS FIR/ 
L&$ FROM ! ,MAYFL[]1 & 9 C>S TO ,PLYM\?1 :]E !Y F9ALLY 
SETTL$4 ,WE MADE JAUNTS1 TOO1 >\ND ,BO/ON & TO NE>BY T[NS1 :]E HI/ORIC MONUM5TS GREET$ ONE AT 
EV]Y TURN4 ,MAK+ IT A PO9T ALWAYS TO HAVE SOME ONE ALONG FAMILI> ) 
HAPP5+S 9 COLONIAL DAYS1 WE LE>N$ SOME HI/ORY NOT TAU<T 9 ! PUBLIC 
S*OOLS4 

,! MORE ,I SAW & HE>D ( ,BO/ON'S OLDE/ FAMILIES1 ! MORE ,I WAS 
CONV9C$ ?AT !Y HAD LITTLE SYMPA?Y = ! WORK+ MASSES1 IMMIGRANTS1 
& *ILDR5 & GR&-*ILDR5 ( IMMIGRANTS1 ) :OM ,I WAS 
CONC]N$4 

,DUR+ MY YE>S 9 ,BO/ON ,I MET NOT A FEW ,DAU<T]S ( ! ,AM]ICAN 
,REVOLUTION4 ,!Y LIK$ TO RECALL ?AT ?AT CITY WAS ! ,CRADLE ( ,LIB]TY1 BUT ,I 
NEV] F\ND ANY WILL+ TO ADMIT ?AT !Y HAD DESC5D$ FROM \TLAWS1 :O 
HAD WON 9DEP5D5CE = A NEW NATION BY BREAK+ ! LAWS ( 
,5GL&_/!IR MO!R C\NTRY4 

,ONCE :5 A LOCAL NEWSPAP]MAN TOLD ME ?AT HIS GR&MO!R1 A ,D4,A4,R4 
MEMB]1 HAD UPBRAID$ HIM = ! COMPANY HE KEPT1 ,I ASK$ :E!R HIS 
PEOPLE CAME ON ! ,MAYFL[]4  

0,HELL1 NO60 HE SAID4 0,MY ANCE/ORS W]E BR\<T H]E 9 *A9S _/= 
NONPAYM5T ( DEBT40 

,LABOR ORGANIZATION GOT AN E>LY />T 9 ,BO/ON4 ,AS F> BACK AS #ahi ! 
PR9T]S W]E UNIONIZ$1 & A SEV5 MON?S' /RIKE WAS /AG$ BY #f 
C>P5T]S 9 #ahce TO CUT !IR WORK+ DAY TO T5 H\RS4 ,%ORTLY AFT] ! ,CIVIL 
,W> AN ,EI<T-,H\R ,DAY ,LEAGUE WAS 9 ACTION !RE4 ,! ,BO/ON 
,TAILORESSES' ,UNION1 =M$ 9 #a#h#f#i1 PROVID$ 9 ITS CON/ITUTION ?AT ANY 
MEMB] DO+ MORE WORK ?AN ALL[$ BY ! UNION'S BILL ( PRICES W\LD BE 
F9$ = ! FIR/ TWO (F5SES1 & EXPELL$ = ! ?IRD4 

,BUT LABOR HAD SOME ( ITS T\<E/ FI<TS 9 ,MASSA*USETTS4 ,NONE WAS MORE 
BITT] ?AN ! #aiab WOOL5 /RIKE 9 ,LAWR5CE4 ,\T ( ?AT GREW ! TRIAL 9 
,SALEM ( ,>TURO ,GIOVANNITTI & ,JOE ,ETTOR1 ,I,W,W ORGANIZ]S1 ACCUS$ ( BE+ 
0ACCESSORIES BE=E ! FACT0 9 A MURD] CASE1 BECAUSE ( SPEE*ES ALLEG$ TO 
HAVE 9CIT$ A RIOT4 ,BO? W]E ACQUITT$ :5 IT WAS %[N ?AT ,ANNA ,LO 
,PIZZA1 ONE ( ! /RIK]S1 WAS KILL$ BY A BULLET FROM A POLICEMAN'S GUN4 

,M5TION ( ! ,BO/ON POLICE /RIKE ( #aiai C\LD /ILL MAKE CONS]VATIVES 
!RE SEE R$ 9 #a#i#c#h4 

,ONE WAS IMPRESS$ BY ! T5D] REG>D = *ILDR5 %[N BY ! /ATE 
LEGISLATURE 9 #ahff :5 IT PROHIBIT$ EMPLOYM5T ( ANY *ILD UND] #a 9 ANY FACTORY4 ,BUT 9 #aid ! ,/ATE ,F$]ATION ( ,LABOR1 ! 
,CONSUM]S ,LEAGUE ( ,MASSA*USETTS1 & ! ,LEAGUE ( ,WOM5 ,VOT]S W]E 
/ILL TRY+ TO PREVAIL UPON ! LEGISLATURE TO RATIFY ! *ILD LABOR AM5DM5T 
TO ! NATIONAL ,CON/ITUTION1 PROPOS$ BY ,CONGRESS 9 #a#i#b#d4 ,NEW HOPE ( 
SU* ACTION HAD BE5 >\S$ 9 ! BREA/S ( OPTIMI/S 9 #a#i#c#i1 :51 AFT] 
#adh YE>S1 ! NEWLY ELECT$ ,GOV]NOR ,LEV]ETT ,SALTON/ALL PREVAIL$ UPON ! 
LEGISLATURE TO RATIFY ! T5 ORIG9AL AM5DM5TS TO ! ,CON/ITUTION1 KN[N AS 
! ,BILL ( ,RI<TS4 

,= ME ,BO/ON HELD BITT] MEMORIES ( ! ,SACCO-,VANZETTI CASE4 ,I 
REMEMB]$ TALKS ) ! TWO ,ITALIAN RADICALS 9 JAIL & PRISON1 
CORRESPOND5CE ) !M1 SPEAK+ T\RS ( 9DU/RIAL CITIES 9 !IR BEHALF1 
& PICKET+ ! ,/ATE ,H\SE 9 ! LA/ DAYS BE=E ,GOV]NOR ,ALV9 ,H4 ,FULL] 
GAVE ! DECISION ?AT S5T !M TO ! ELECTRIC *AIR4 

,) A HO/ILE JUDGE & A H&-PICK$ JURY1 !Y HAD BE5 CONVICT$ 
9 #aiba ( A PAYROLL HOLDUP & D\BLE MURD]2 ACTUALLY1 TO ANY ONE KN[+ 
! FLIMS9ESS ( ! PROSECUTION'S EVID5CE1 !Y W]E DOOM$ BECAUSE ( 
!IR SOCIAL OP9IONS4 ,MEMB]S ( A GR\P ( PHILOSOPHICAL ,AN>*I/S1 !Y 
HAD HAD ! MIS=TUNE TO BE >RE/$ AT ! HEI<T ( ! ,A4 ,MIT*ELL ,PALM] 
0R$0 T]ROR4 ,AUGU/ #b#b1 #a#i#b#g_/:5 !Y W]E EXECUT$_//&S AS ! 
BLACKE/ DAY 9 ! HI/ORY ( ,MASSA*USETTS4 ,= YE>S AFT]W>DS1 ,I /AY$ 
AWAY FROM ,BO/ON4 

,AS SOON AS ! FACTORIES OP5$ = ! AUTUMN SEASON1 C]TA9 
MANUFACTUR]S BEGAN TO DISCRIM9ATE AGA9/ \R CUTT]S & PRESS]S1 :ILE 
NONUNION P]SONS TOOK !IR PLACES4 ,AFT] FUTILE EF=TS TO MEET ) 
!SE EMPLOY]S1 WE DECL>$ !IR FACTORIES ON /RIKE4 

,IT WAS SOME?+ NEW 9 ,BO/ON TO F9D ,KNEEL& ,/REET CR[D$ ) 
PICKETS ON A BRI<T SUNNY MORN+ 9 MID-,AUGU/4 ,NEV] HAD ANY ( ! 
,BO/ON DRESSMAK]S HAD SU* A GOOD TIME ON A PICKET-L9E4 ,SCORES ( 
!M :O HAD BE5 9 W9T] /RIKES RECALL$ SN[ & BIT+ W9DS4 ,! 
UNION VOT$ TO PAY SUB/ANTIAL SUMS AS /RIKE B5EFITS1 ! PICKETS W]E F$ AT 
A CAFET]IA >\ND ! CORN]1 & ALL W]E SATISFI$4 

,BUT EMPLOY]S :O HAD CLOS$ !IR FACTORIES 0TEMPOR>ILY0 AS 9 ! PA/1 N[ HAD UNFILL$ ORD]S PIL+ UP1 & HAD REASON TO WORRY4 ,?IS 
TIME1 IT BECAME EVID5T TO !M1 !Y MI<T HAVE TO /AY CLOS$ A LONG TIME4 

,:5 ! SITUATION REA*$ ! BOIL+ PO9T1 ,ANNA ,WE9/OCK1 ,NEW 
,5GL& CONCILIATOR = ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES ,DEP>TM5T ( ,LABOR1 >RANG$ A 
CONF]5CE AT ! ,P>K] ,H\SE4 

,JULIUS ,HO*MAN1 G5]AL MANAG] ( ! ,NEW ,YORK ,DRESS ,JO9T ,BO>D1 N[ 
CAME TO ,BO/ON AT MY REQUE/4 ,L>GE & BULKY1 HEAVY EYE-BR[$1 
B>ITONE & FIR/-RATE ORATOR1 HE IS ! DEAN ( NEGOTIATORS 9 ! DRESS 
FIELD4 ,9 ! MID-,TW5TIES HE HAD BE5 ! ,I,L,G,W,U REPRES5TATIVE 9 
,BO/ON1 & KNEW ! CALIB] & HABITS ( ! GR\P ) :I* WE W]E 
DEAL+4 

,AS \R SPOKESMAN HE >GU$ TO ! EMPLOY]S ?AT ONLY BY !IR SIGN+ AN 
EQUITABLE AGREEM5T ) US C\LD ,BO/ON REGA9 ITS LO/ PRE/IGE AS A DRESS 
M>KET4 ,HE CIT$ P]T95T /ATI/ICS TO BACK UP ?AT CONT5TION4 ,= ?REE DAYS 
! DISCUSSIONS W5T ON4 

,MEAN:ILE MANY ( \R PICKETS W]E >RE/$1 ) BRUTAL H&L+ BY ! 
POLICE4 ,BUT ?IS TIME WE HAD PUBLIC OP9ION ON \R SIDE4 ,! PRESS HAD BE5 
5LI<T5$1 & GAVE A TRUE PICTURE ( ! /RUGGLE4 

,NO SETTLEM5T HAD BE5 REA*$ :5 ,HO*MAN RETURN$ TO ,NEW ,YORK = 
! ,LABOR ,DAY WEEK-5D4 ,BY ,TUESDAY1 H[EV]1 ! EMPLOY]S HAD 
REALIZ$ ?AT !RE WAS M]IT 9 \R POSITION1 & CONS5T$ TO SIGN A 
PROVISIONAL AGREEM5T TO RUN = SIX MON?S4 ,UND] ?IS ALL ! WORK]S GOT 
WAGE 9CREASES4 

,EMPLOY]S :O HI!RTO HAD %UNN$ \R UNION BECAME MORE FRI5DLY1 
& NOT ONLY MET ) US N[1 BUT LAT] CALL$ UPON ,MANAG] ,KRAM] & \R 
BUS9ESS AG5TS TO CONSULT !M ON G5]AL PROBLEMS 9 ! 9DU/RY4 

,) ! FIR/ GR\P \T ( ! WAY1 WE SET \T TO L9E UP ! REMA9+ 
NONUNION FIRMS1 TACKL+ EA* %OP 9DIVIDUALLY4 ,NO TWO GR\PS ( 
WORK]S C\LD BE H&L$ 9 ! SAME WAY4 ,MOREOV]1 HAV+ TO DEAL N[ 
) A NEW & Y\NG] ELEM5T ?AT HAD BE5 KEPT \T ( ! UNION ?R\< 
EMPLOY]-MANEUV]+1 WE NE$$ TO MAKE A DIFF]5T APPROA*4 

,CALL+ TOGE!R ! BUS9ESS AG5TS1 ,ABRAHAM ,HOLL5PORT1 ,ALFR$ ,SCOLA1 
& ,SAUL ,WALLACE1 ,I EXPLA9$ TO !M ?AT :5 A CU/OM] B\<T A DIME'S WOR? ( RIBBON 9 A FIVE-&-T5 %E NATURALLY 
EXPECT$ TO HE> A *E]FUL 0,?ANK Y\40 ,! SAME GIRL COM+ TO \R UNION 
W\LD LOOK = A CORDIAL WELCOME & WAS 5TITL$ TO IT4 

,DAY AFT] DAY1 NEW %OPS W\LD BE SIGN$ UP4 ,IT WAS NECESS>Y TO MEET 
) ! 9COM+ MEMB]S & EXPLA9 TO !M ! FUNCTIONS ( ! UNION 
& !IR [N OBLIGATIONS TO IT1 & TO 5LI/ !M = SOME ACTIVE P>T 9 
BR++ 9 O!RS4 

,T[>D ! 5D ( ! FIR/ YE>1 PRACTICALLY ! :OLE GR\P ( FIRMS ON MY 
LI/1 ALL ON ,KNEEL& ,/REET1 W]E UND] A TWO-YE> UNION AGREEM5T4 

,E>LY 9 ,DECEMB] ,I RECEIV$ WORD FROM ,HILDA ,WOR?+TON ,SMI? ?AT ON 
A REC5T TRIP ABROAD %E HAD VISIT$ ! NATIONAL CONF]5CE C5T] & 
WORK]S' S*OOL 9 ,PONTIGNY1 TWO H\RS FROM ,P>IS4 ,?IS S*OOL1 E/ABLI%$ 
TWO YE>S E>LI] BY ,FR5* & ,SW$I% TRADE UNIONI/S1 ALREADY HAD CREAT$ 
A /IR 9 WORK]S' $UCATION CIRCLES4 ,9 ,APRIL A NEW T]M W\LD BEG9 !RE1 A 
?REE MON?S' C\RSE TO BE TAK5 BY TRADE UNIONI/S FROM V>I\S C\NTRIES4 

,! DIRECTORS W]E EAG] TO HAVE AN ,AM]ICAN WORK] P>TICIPATE4 ,HILDA 
,SMI? >RANG$ TO HAVE AN 9VITATION TO ATT5D S5T TO ME1 & URG$ ME TO 
MAKE ! TRIP4 ,I W\LD HAVE GONE GLADLY BUT = ! JOB BE=E ME4 ,! ,BO/ON 
DRIVE WAS MOV+ ) SU* MOM5TUM ?AT ,I DID NOT WANT TO TAKE ANY 
*ANCE ( SL[+ IT D[N BY BE+ ABS5T4 ,REGRETFULLY ,I HAD TO DECL9E ?IS 
OPPORTUNITY TO MEET ) ,EUROPEAN TRADE UNIONI/S4 ,I'VE BE5 SORRY EV] S9CE1 
= ?AT WAS ! LA/ LABOR S*OOL 9 OP]ATION ON ! ,CONT95T4 

,AT ! 5D ( TWO YE>S 9 ,BO/ON1 ,I HAD COMPLET$ MY TASK4 ,! 
DRESSMAK]S HAD A /RONG1 HEAL?Y UNION4 ,) MY M9D AT EASE ,I W5T TO A 
,G,E,B MEET+ 9 ,ATLANTIC ,CITY ) A REPORT ( :I* ,I WAS PR\D ,!N 
,PRESID5T ,DUB9SKY ANN\NC$ ?AT HE HAD REORGANIZ$ \R ,LOS ,ANGELES 
BRAN*1 & W\LD ASK ME TO GO !RE & TAKE OV] ! ORGANIZATION 
DEP>TM5T4 

,?\< O!R BO>D MEMB]S CONGRATULAT$ ME ON MY 0LUCK0 9 BE+ S5T 
TO ,SUNNY ,CALI=NIA1 ,I WAS NOT ELAT$4 ,= ,I FELT ?AT NO?+ BUT TR\BLE WAS TO 
BE EXPECT$ !RE4 

,! ,BO/ON CR[D OBJECT$ /R5U\SLY TO MY LEAV+2 & ,JACOB ,AMES1 
JO9T BO>D *AIRMAN1 & ,PHIL ,KRAM] W]E S5T AS A COMMITTEE TO ,NEW ,YORK 
TO PROTE/4 ,I W5T ) !M1 & LE>N$ ?AT MY TRIP TO ,LOS ,ANGELES W\LD 
BE AN EM]G5CY MISSION_/BECAUSE ,L\IS ,LEVY1 ! ,9T]NATIONAL'S NEW 
,PACIFIC ,COA/ DIRECTOR1 WAS ILL 9 B$4 

,) ?IS KN[L$GE1 MY ,BO/ON FRI5DS GAVE 9 GRACEFULLY4 ,9 VOIC+ 
APPRECIATION1 ! SPOKESM5 = ! V>I\S GR\PS T\*$ ME DEEPLY :5 
!Y ?ANK$ ME = RETURN+ TO !M !IR SELF-RESPECT4 

,%ORTLY BE=E ,I LEFT = ! ,WE/ ,COA/1 ,W9NIE ,MC,DONALD M>RI$ & 
RESIGN$1 & AT MY SUGGE/ION ,MYRIAM ,SIEVE1 :O E>LI] HAD BE5 
CONNECT$ ) ! $UCATIONAL DEP>TM5T1 CAME 9 TO TAKE *>GE ( ?AT 
5D4 ,\R EV]-BLOOM+ (FICE SECRET>Y1 ,JUDI? ,FRI$MAN1 GRADUATE 
FROM ! DRESSMAK]S' RANKS1 PROMIS$ H] FULL COOP]ATION4 ,I WAS 
SATISFI$ ?AT MY WORK W\LD BE C>RI$ ON CONSCI5TI\SLY4 

,FROM 3 ,AN>*Y ,>*IVES4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,NOVEMB] #c1 #aidd 3 ,*APT] #bi -- ,PUBLICATION4 
,FEBRU>Y #i1 #bag 3 ,*APT] #bi -- ,ADD$4 

 FILE G5]AT$ FROM 3  
HTTP3_/_/REVOLTLIB4COM_/