,BREAK+ ! ,*A9S ,A ,HI/ORY ( ,AN>*ISM ,PEOPLE 3 ,AU?OR 3 ,LUCI5 ,VAN ,D] ,WALT ,TEXT 3 ,9 ! ,BEG9N+444 ,?IS IS A BOOK AB\T ! HI/ORY ( AN>*ISM4 ,IT IS A HI/ORY ( NE>LY #ab YE>S ( UNBROK5 WORK]S /RUGGLE4 ,IT IS A HI/ORY ( SACRIFICE & BRAV]Y BY ORD9>Y PEOPLE FI*ISM - ALSO KN[N AS LIB]T>IAN SOCIALISM1 SYNDICALISM1 OR FREE COMMUNISM - WAS NOT BORN 9 ! M9D ( AN 9TELLECTUAL OR A PHILOSOPH]4 ,9/EAD IT WAS BORN 9 ! /RUGGLES ( ! WORK+ & POOR PEOPLE = A WORLD FREE ( OPPRESSION & EXPLOITATION4 ,?IS IS H[ A GR\P ( EXIL$ ,RUSSIAN MILITANTS EXPRESS$ ?IS ISSUE3 ,AN>*ISM 444 7D]IVES7 FROM ! DIRECT /RUGGLE ( WORK]S AGA9/ CAPITALISM1 FROM ! NE$S & NECESSITIES ( ! WORK]S1 FROM !IR ASPIRATIONS TO LIB]TY & EQUALITY1 ASPIRATIONS :I* BECOME P>TICUL>LY ALIVE 9 ! BE/ H]OIC P]IOD ( ! LIFE & /RUGGLE ( ! WORK+ MASSES4 ,9 PLACE ( A WORLD BAS$ ON RACISM & WOM5'S OPPRESSION1 AN>*ISM /&S = A WORLD BAS$ ON HUMAN EQUALITY & 9T]NATIONAL UNITY4 ,9 PLACE ( A WORLD BAS$ ON AU?ORITY1 ON TAK+ ORD]S FROM ! RI* & P[]FUL1 AN>*ISM /&S = A WORLD BAS$ ON GRASSROOTS DEMOCRACY - 9 ! COMMUNITY & 9 ! FACTORY1 P[] MU/ LIE ) ! WORK+ & POOR PEOPLE4 ,9 PLACE ( A WORLD :]E ! WORK]S CREATE ! WEAL?1 BUT />VE 9 ! SLUMS1 AN>*ISM /&S = A WORLD RUN BY ! WORK]S1 = ! WORK]S - A WORLD )\T BOSSES1 BAS$ ON ! IDEA 0FROM EA* ACCORD+ TO !IR ABILITY1 TO EA* ACCORD+ TO !IR NE$04 ,?IS IS :AT WE WANT3 DEMOCRACY 9 ! FACTORIES1 FOOD ON ! TABLES1 & ! GOOD ?+S ( LIFE = ! WORK+ & POOR MASSES4 ,SU* A WORLD WILL NOT COME AB\T ?R\< ! K9D H& ( A BOSS & A POLITICIAN4 ,IT WILL ONLY COME AB\T ?R\< MASS /RUGGLE BY ! WORK+ CLASS TO OV]?R[ ! BOSSES & RUL]S1 & TO TE> D[N ALL =MS ( OPPRESSION & EXPLOITATION4 ,TO AGA9 QUOTE ! ,RUSSIAN COMRADES WE M5TION$ E>LI]3 ,! CLASS /RUGGLE CREAT$ BY ! 5SLAVEM5T ( ! WORK]S & !IR ASPIRATIONS TO LIB]TY GAVE BIR?1 9 ! OPPRESSION1 TO ! IDEA ( AN>*ISM3 ! TOTAL NEGATION ( A SOCIAL SY/EM BAS$ ON ! PR9CIPLES ( CLASSES & ! ,/ATE1 & ITS REPLACEM5T BY A FREE NON-/ATI/ SOCIETY UND] SELF-MANAGEM5T444 ,?IS BOOKLET TRACES ! HI/ORY ( AN>*ISM4 ,IT LOOKS AT ! /RUGGLES ?AT MILLIONS & MILLIONS ( WORK+ PEOPLE HAVE WAG$ 9 PURSUIT ( ?IS GREAT IDEAL4 ,IT IS NOT A FANCY 5CYCLOP$IA -- IT IS A BOOK WRITT5 BY ORD9>Y PEOPLE = ORD9>Y PEOPLE4 ,IT IS 9 RECOV]+ \R HI/ORY1 ?R\< LE>N+ AB\T ! LONG *A9 ( /RUGGLES & SACRIFICES MADE BY E>LI] COMRADES1 ?AT WE CAN APPRECIATE ! GREATNESS ( \R MOVEM5T4 ,IT IS 9 LE>N+ AB\T \R PA/ ?AT WE CAN TAKE HE>T1 TO FACE \R FUTURE1 & NEV] SURR5D] 9 ! FACE ( ! EVILS & 9JU/ICES ( ?IS WORLD ( BOSSES & RUL]S4 ,VIVA ! WORK]S /RUGGLE1 VIVA AN>*ISM6 ,LUCI5 VAN D] ,WALT ,JOHANNESBURG1 #aiih ,*APT] #a3 ,! ,FIR/ ,9T]NATIONAL ,WORK]S ,ASSOCIATION ,AN>*ISM EM]G$ AS AN ORGANIZ$ MASS MOVEM5T 9 AN ORGANIZATION CALL$ ! ,FIR/ ,9T]NATIONAL ,WORK]S ,ASSOCIATION4 ,! ,FIR/ ,9T]NATIONAL WAS F\ND$ 9 #a#h#f#d4 ,! ,FIR/ ,9T]NATIONAL WAS AN 9T]NATIONAL F$]ATION ( TRADE UNIONS & WORK]S P>TIES4 ,! ,FIR/ ,9T]NATIONAL WAS A MASS ORGANIZATION CLAIM+ MILLIONS ( MEMB]S 9 MANY C\NTRIES4 ,! MA9 SECTIONS W]E 9 ,EUROPE & ,NOR? ,AM]ICA :]E ! WORK+ CLASS WAS V]Y MILITANT4 ,BUT !RE W]E ALSO SECTIONS 9 ,S\? ,AM]ICA4 ,!RE W]E ALSO CONTACTS 9 ,NOR? ,AFRICA4 ,! ,FIR/ ,9T]NATIONAL HAD REGUL> CONGRESSES & CAMPAIGNS4 ,! ,FIR/ ,9T]NATIONAL WAS COMMITT$ TO ! WORK]S /RUGGLE4 ,IT WAS COMMITT$ TO ! UNITY ( WORK]S ACROSS ! WORLD4 ,ALL WORK]S HAVE ! SAME 9T]E/S1 & !RE=E ALL WORK]S MU/ BE UNIT$4 ,! ,FIR/ ,9T]NATIONAL WAS COMMITT$ TO UNIT+ ! WORK]S SO ?AT !Y C\LD OV]?R[ CAPITALISM4 ,!SE W]E ! PR9CIPLES ( ! ,FIR/ ,9T]NATIONAL3 ,?AT ! EMANCIPATION ( ! WORK]S MU/ BE ACCOMPLI%$ BY ! WORK]S !MSELVES2 ,?AT ! EF=TS ( ! WORK]S MU/ /RIVE TO E/ABLI% ! SAME RIIANS0 OR ,AN>*I/S ,! FIR/ BIG FACTION 9 ! ,FIR/ ,9T]NATIONAL W]E CALL$ ! 0LIB]T>IANS04 ,!Y W]E ALSO CALL$ 0REVOLUTION>Y SOCIALI/S0 OR 0COLLECTIVI/S04 ,!SE COMRADES W]E ! =]UNN]S ( AN>*ISM4 ,! 0LIB]T>IANS0 W]E AGA9/ ! IDEA ?AT SOCIALISM & FRE$OM C\LD COME ?R\< ! GOV]NM5T4 ,! LIB]T>IANS SAID 0,ONLY ! WORK]S CAN FREE ! WORK]S04 ,BY ?IS1 !Y MEANT ?AT ONLY MASS ACTION FROM BEL[ C\LD REALLY PUT P[] 9 ! H&S ( ! WORK+ & POOR PEOPLE4 ,! 0LIB]T>IANS01 SAID IT WAS AN ILLUSION TO BELIEVE ?AT SOCIALISM C\LD BE WON ?R\< ELECTIONS OR ?R\< TAK+ OV] ! GOV]NM5T 7,/ATE74 ,! GOV]NM5T WAS ! TOOL ( ! BOSSES & RUL]S4 ,IT HAD ALWAYS S]V$ ! RUL+ CLASS4 ,!RE=E IT C\LD NEV] OV]?R[ CAPITALISM4 ,AT BE/1 ! GOV]NM5T W\LD CORRUPT WORK] LEAD]S :O W5T TO P>LIAM5T4 ,AT WOR/1 A SOCIALI/-CONTROLL$ GOV]NM5T W\LD DEG5]ATE 9TO A DICTATOR%IP & A POLICE ,/ATE4 ,9 FACT1 ?IS IS EXACTLY :AT HAS HAPP5$ 9 EV]Y C\NTRY :]E 0SOCIALI/S0 HAVE TRI$ TO BUILD SOCIALISM FROM ABOVE ?R\< ! GOV]NM5T4 ,MIKHAIL ,BAKUN9 ,! BE/ KN[ FIGURE 9 ! 0LIB]T>IAN0 CAMP WAS ,MIKHAIL ,BAKUN94 ,BAKUN9 WAS A GREAT MAN4 ,SOME CALL HIM ! 0FA!R0 ( AN>*SM4 ,BAKUN9 DID NOT 09V5T0 0LIB]T>IAN0 OR AN>*I/ IDEAS4 ,!SE IDEAS W]E 9V5T$ BY ! WORK]S & ! POOR4 ,BUT ,BAKUN9 HELP$ EXPRESS & DEVELOP !SE IDEAS 9TO A CLE> PROGRAM = WORK]S REVOLUTION4 ,BAKUN9 BELIEV$ ?AT REVOLUTION C\LD ONLY COME FROM BEL[1 9 MASS /RUGGLE4 ,= ,BAKUN91 0! HOMEL& ( ! WORK] 444 IS 444 ! GREAT F$]ATION ( ! WORK]S ( ! :OLE WORLD1 9 ! /RUGGLE AGA9/ B\RGEOIS CAPITAL04 ,! WORK+ & POOR MASSES W\LD OV]?R[ ! BOSSES & REPLACE ! BOSSES' GOV]NM5T ) A GRASSROOTS WORK+ CLASS DEMOCRACY DEF5D$ BY A WORK]S MILITIA4 ,! WORK+ CLASS %\LD TAKE OV] & MANAGE ! L& & ! FACTORIES4 ,! TASK ( ! ,9T]NATIONAL WAS 0! OV]?R[ ( ! P[] ( ! MEMB]S ( ! B\RGEOISIE . 444 9 A /RUGGLE AGA9/ & OV] ! COALITION ( ALL PRIVILEG$ CLASSES & ALL ,/ATES04 ,BAKUN9 BELIEV$ 9 REVOLUTION>Y TRADE UNIONISM4 ,BAKUN9 SAID ! TRADE UNIONS %\LD PLAY A D\BLE ROLE4 ,! UNIONS MU/ ORGANIZE ! MASSES TO FIY G5]AL /RIKE 9 :I* ! WORK]S SEIZE ! L& & FACTORIES4 ,& EXPEL ! BOSSES4 ,! UNIONS W\LD BE 0! LIV+ G]MS ( ! NEW SOCIAL ORD]1 :I* IS TO REPLACE ! B\RGEOIS WORLD04 ,! 0,AU?ORIT>IANS0 OR ,M>XI/S ,! O!R MA9 FACTION 9 ! ,FIR/ ,9T]NATIONAL W]E CALL$ ! 0AU?ORIT>IAN SOCIALI/S0 OR SOMETIMES ! ,M>XI/S4 ,!Y W]E ALSO KN[ BY NAMES SU* AS 0,BLANQUI/S04 ,! 0AU?ORIT>IANS0 BELIEV$ ?AT ! ROAD TO SOCIALISM WAS ?R\< TAK+ OV] ! GOV]NM5T4 ,! GOV]NM5T C\LD BE TAK5 OV] ?R\< PEACEFUL MEANS 7SU* AS W9N+ ELECTIONS74 ,OR IT C\LD BE TAK5 OV] BY =CE 7P]HAPS BY A SMALL SECRET GR\P OR P>TY74 ,! 0AU?ORIT>IANS0 SAID ?AT ! NEXT /EP T[>DS SOCIALISM W\LD BE TO PASS SOCIALI/ LAWS4 ,!SE LAWS W\LD REGULATE ! FACTORIES & L&4 ,! FACTORIES & L& W\LD BE TAK5 OV] BY ! GOV]NM5T & RUN BY ! SOCIALI/ POLITICIANS4 ,:5 ! SOCIALI/ LAWS HAD BE5 MADE & 5=C$1 ! ,/ATE W\LD 0DISAPPE>0 & 0REAL0 SOCIALISM W\LD EXI/4 ,K>L ,M>X ,! BE/ KN[N FIGURE 9 ! 0AU?ORIT>IAN0 CAMP WAS ,K>L ,M>X4 ,K>L ,M>X WAS AN ECONOMI/ :OSE BOOKS EXPOS$ CAPITALISM AS AN EXPLOIT+1 OPPRESSIVE SY/EM4 ,M>X'S BOOKS ON ECONOMICS1 SU* AS ,DAS ,KAPITAL1 W]E BRILLIANT WORKS4 ,H[EV]1 !RE W]E WEAKNESSES & CONTRADICTIONS 9 ,M>X'S POLITICAL /RATEGIES4 ,9 SOME BOOKS1 ,M>X >GU$ ?AT CAPITALISM W\LD AUTOMATICALLY COLLAPSE4 ,HE SAID ?IS WAS A 0HI/ORICAL LAW0 :I* C\LD NOT BE ALT]$ BY ANY HUMAN ACTIONS4 ,?IS MEANT ?AT SOCIALISM WAS JU/ GO+ TO HAPP51 NO MATT] :AT WORK]S SAID OR DID4 ,9 O!R BOOKS1 ,M>X SAID ?AT SOCIALISM C\LD COME AB\T ?R\< PEACEFUL ELECTIONS4 ,HE MEANT ?AT WORK]S P>TIES %\LD /& 9 ! ELECTIONS4 ,:5 !Y WON ! ELECTIONS1 !Y C\LD MAKE SOCIALI/ LAWS & 5D CAPITALISM4 ,9 ONE O!R BOOK1 ,M>X SAID ?AT SOCIALISM %\LD COME AB\T ?R\< A 0REVOLUTION>Y GOV]NM5T04 ,BY ?IS HE MEANT ?AT WORK]S %\LD SET UP A SPECIAL WORK]S GOV]NM5T 9/EAD ( ! CAPITALI/ GOV]NM5T4 ,! REVOLUTION>Y GOV]NM5T W\LD BE TOP-D[N & W\LD MAKE SOCIALI/ LAWS4 ,!N ONE DAY ! 0REVOLUTION>Y GOV]NM5T0 W\LD DISAPPE> & 0REAL0 SOCIALISM W\LD COME AB\T4 ,( C\RSE1 ITS UNCLE> H[ ?IS MODEL C\LD WORK4 ,IF ! GOV]NM5T WAS1 AS ,5GELS 7,M>X'S ALLY7 >GU$ 0V]Y /RONG01 !N H[ W\LD IT FREE ! WORK]S8 ,BUT IF ! GOV]NM5T WAS FREE1 !N :Y %\LD IT DISAPPE>8 ,BAKUN9 W>N$ ?AT SU* A GOV]NM5T W\LD 5D UP 9 A DICTATOR%IP - A PR$ICTION ?AT HAS SADLY BE5 BORNE \T BY EV]Y 0REVOLUTION>Y0 GOV]NM5T ( ! TW5TIE? C5TURY4 ,BAKUN9 V]SUS ,M>X ,IT IS CLE> ?AT ,BAKUN9 & ,M>X HAD V]Y DIFF]5T VIEWS ON ! ROAD TO SOCIALISM4 ,BAKUN9 WANT$ SOCIALISM FROM BEL[4 ,HE BELIEV$ 9 MASS ACTION & REVOLUTION>Y TRADE UNIONISM4 ,M>X WANT$ SOCIALISM FROM ABOVE4 ,HE BELIEV$ 9 GOV]NM5TAL ACTION & 9 BUILD+ POLITICAL P>TIES4 ,BAKUN9 WANT$ ! ,FIR/ ,9T]NATIONAL TO ORGANIZE WORK]S >\ND WORKPLACE ISSUES & /RUGGLES4 ,HE WANT$ TO UNITE ALL WORK]S = ! REVOLUTION4 ,HE WANT$ ! ,FIR/ ,9T]NATIONAL TO BE OP51 DEMOCRATIC1 & FOCUS$ ON REVOLUTION>Y TRADE UNIONISM4 ,M>X WANT$ ! ,FIR/ ,9T]NATIONAL TO ORGANIZE POLITICAL P>TIES TO RUN 9 ELECTIONS4 ,HE SAW TRADE UNIONS AS LESS IMPORTANT ?AN ELECTIONS & POLITICAL P>TIES4 ,HE WANT$ ! ,FIR/ ,9T]NATIONAL TO BE RUN FROM ABOVE4 ,! ,SPLIT 9 ! ,9T]NATIONAL ,:I* FACTION WAS MORE P[]FUL8 ,! 0LIB]T>IANS0 7,AN>*I/S7 OR ! AU?ORIT>IANS 7,M>XI/S & ,BLANQUI/S78 ,IT IS CLE> ?AT ! 0LIB]T>IANS0 W]E ! BIGGE/ FACTION4 ,BY #a#h#g#b1 MANY ( ! MA9 BRAN*ES ( ! ,FIR/ ,9T]NATIONAL W]E 0LIB]T>IAN0 OR AN>*I/4 ,!SE 9CLUD$ ! ,SPANI%1 ,DUT*1 ,ITALIAN & ,FR5* ,SWISS1 ,>G5T9EAN & ,MEXICAN SECTIONS4 0,LIB]T>IAN0 9FLU5CE WAS ALSO /RONG 9 S\!RN ,FRANCE & ,BELGIUM4 ,! 0AU?ORIT>IANS0 HAD SUPPORT 9 ,G]MANY1 & ALSO 9 P>TS ( ,FRANCE & ,5GL&4 ,IT WAS 9EVITABLE ?AT !SE TWO FACTIONS W\LD CLA%4 ,FROM #ahfi ,BAKUN9 & ,M>X CAME 9TO OP5 CONFLICT4 ,9 #a#h#g#b1 ,M>X MANAG$ TO EXPEL ,BAKUN9 FROM ! ,FIR/ ,9T]NATIONAL4 ,H[ C\LD ?IS HAPP51 GIV5 ?AT ,M>X ONLY HAD M9ORITY SUPPORT 9 ! ,FIR/ ,9T]NATIONAL8 ,M>X WAS ONLY ABLE TO EXPEL ,BAKUN9 ?R\< ! USE ( ! MO/ DI%ONE/ & UNDEMOCRATIC ACTIONS4 ,FIR/ ( ALL1 ,M>X 7:O WAS AN ADM9I/RATOR 9 ! ,9T]NATIONAL'S G5]AL C\NCIL7 HELP$ MAKE SURE ?AT ! #ahgb MEET+ WAS HELD 9 ! ,NE!RL&S4 ,?IS MEANT ?AT ,BAKUN9 & MANY ( HIS SUPPORT]S C\LD NOT ATT5D1 AS !Y W]E BANN$ FROM CROSS+ ,FRANCE OR ,G]MANY4 ,M>X 0PACK$0 ! MEET+ ) DELEGATES FROM NON-EXI/5T PRO-,M>X GR\PS4 ,M>X ALSO US$ O!R BUREAUCRATIC 9TRIGUES TO HELP 5SURE A MAJORITY4 ,F9ALLY1 ,M>X LEVEL$ SL&]\S & UNPROV5 *>GES AGA9/ ,BAKUN9 & ,JAMES ,GULLIAME 7ANO!R KEY 0LIB]T>IAN074 ,= YE>S1 9 FACT1 ,M>X HAD BE5 SPREAD+ FALSE RUMORS AB\T ,BAKUN94 ,! FAKE MAJORITY AT ! ,HAGUE ,CONGRESS !N VOT$ TO EXPEL ,BAKUN9 & ,GULLIAME4 ,! FAKE MAJORITY ALSO VOT$ TO ACCEPT ,M>X'S PROGRAM = ! ,9T]NATIONAL4 ,ALL ( !SE DECISIONS W]E REJECT$ AT ! NEXT PROP]LY CON/ITUT$ MEET+ ( ! ,9T]NATIONAL AT ,SA9T-,IMI] A FEW MON?S LAT]4 ,!SE DECISIONS W]E REJECT$ BY ! REAL MAJORITY 9 ! ,FIR/ ,9T]NATIONAL4 ,H[EV]1 ,M>X REFUS$ TO RECOGNIZE ?IS DEMOCRATIC DECISION4 ,HE SAID ?AT IT WAS BETT] TO DE/ROY ! ,FIR/ ,9T]NATIONAL ?AN LET ,BAKUN9 TAKE OV]4 ,AS A RESULT1 ! ,FIR/ ,9T]NATIONAL SPLIT 9TO TWO ORGANIZATIONS4 ,!RE W]E TWO ORGANIZATIONS ) ! NAME4 ,ONE T9Y ORGANIZATION WAS L$ BY ,M>X & COLLAPS$ )9 A YE>4 ,ONE ORGANIZATION RECOGNIZ$ ! DECISIONS MADE AT ,SA9T-,IMI]1 & LA/$ TO #a#h#g#g4 ,IT DIS9TEGRAT$ DUE TO 9T]NAL DISAGREEM5TS1 AS WELL AS ! REPRESSION & ECONOMIC CRISIS 9 MANY C\NTRIES4 ,AFT] #a#h#g#g1 ! 0LIB]T>IANS0 OR AN>*I/S BUILT A NEW 0,ANTI-,AU?ORIT>IAN ,9T]NATIONAL0 ) SECTIONS 9 ,EUROPE1 ,EGYPT1 & ,NOR? & ,S\? ,AM]ICA4 ,= ! ,OPPRESS$1 AGA9/ ! ,OPPRESSOR - ,ALWAYS6 ,! SPLIT 9 ! SOCIALI/ MOVEM5T ?AT TOOK PLACE 9 #ahgb /ILL EXI/S4 ,IT IS A SPLIT BETWE5 ?OSE SOCIALI/S :O BELIEVE 9 SOCIALISM FROM ABOVE ?R\< GOV]NM5T 7,COMMUNI/ ,P>TIES1 ,LABOR ,P>TIES1 ,M>XI/S7 & ?OSE :O BELIEVE 9 SOCIALISM FROM BEL[ 7AN>*I/S1 LIB]T>IAN SOCIALI/S1 C\NCIL COMMUNI/S74 ,S9CE ! TIME ( ! ,FIR/ ,9T]NATIONAL1 ! AN>*I/S HAVE BE5 FOCUS$ ON ! /RUGGLE ( ! WORK+ & POOR PEOPLE4 ,WE HAVE BE5 BR++ \R POLITICS 9TO ! DAILY /RUGGLES ( ! FACTORIES1 ! (FICES & ! COMMUNITIES4 ,WE HAVE BUILT MASS ORGANIZATIONS & MOVEM5TS AT DIFF]5T TIMES & 9 DIFF]5T C\NTRIES4 ,WE HAVE BE5 9VOLV$ 9 MO/ MAJOR MOD]N REVOLUTIONS ,WE HAVE BE5 !RE >GU+ & FITY0 OR BUREAUCRATIC OR NATIONALI/ ELITE4 ,WE HAVE OPPOS$ ! RE=MISM ( ! P>LIAM5T>Y SOCIALI/S 7,LABOR ,P>TIES1 ,SOCIAL-,DEMOCRATS74 ,WE HAVE OPPOS$ ! DICTATOR%IPS ( ! SO-CALL$ REVOLUTION>Y GOV]NM5TS ( ,RUSSIA1 ,*9A & ELSE:]E4 ,AN>*ISM HAS HI/ORICALLY HAD A MASSIVE IMPACT ON ! /RUGGLES ( WORK]S1 WORK+ PEASANTS & ! POOR4 ,! R$-&-BLACK FLAG ( AN>*O-SYNDICALISM HAS ATTRACT$ ! MASSES 9 !IR MILLIONS4 ,?IS BOOKLET IS AB\T ! HI/ORY ( AN>*ISM4 ,*APT] #b3 ,! ,REAL ,ORIG9S ( ,MAY ,DAY ,MAY ,DAY IS ! DAY ( 9T]NATIONAL WORK+ CLASS SOLID>ITY4 ,9 #a#i#h#d1 WORK]S 9 ,S\? ,AFRICA TOOK UP A SUCCESSFUL CAMPAIGN TO HAVE ,MAY ,DAY 7ALSO KN[N AS ,WORK]S ,DAY71 RECOGNIZ$ AS A PUBLIC HOLIDAY4 ,SO :]E DOES ,MAY ,DAY COME FROM8 ,IT IS A LITTLE KN[N FACT ?AT ! ORIG9S ( ,MAY ,DAY LIE 9 ! /RUGGLES ( ! AN>*I/ MOVEM5T 9 ! LA/ C5TURY4 ,! ,I,W,P,A ,9 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES ( ,AM]ICA1 ! AN>*I/S E/ABLI%$ AN ORGANIZATION CALL$ ! ,FIR/ ,9T]NATIONAL ,WORK+ ,PEOPLES ,ASSOCIATION 7! ,I,W,P,A7 9 ! E>LY #a#h#hS4 ,! ,I,W,P,A WAS P>T ( ! 0,ANTI-,AU?ORIT>IAN ,9T]NATIONAL0 SET UP AFT] #ahgg 7SEE PREVI\S *APT]74 ,ITS F\ND+ /ATEM5T DECL>$3 ,BY =CE \R ANCE/ORS LIB]AT$ !MSELVES FROM POLITICAL OPPRESSION2 BY =CE !IR *ILDR5 WILL HAVE TO LIB]ATE !MSELVES FROM ECONOMIC BONDAGE4 ,IT IS !RE=E Y\R RIM Y\RSELVES 4444 ,:AT WE W\LD A*IEVE IS PLA9LY & SIMPLY3 ,FIR/3- ,DE/RUCTION ( ! EXI/+ CLASS RULE1 BY ALL MEANS1 I4E41 BY 5]GETIC1 REVOLUTION>Y & 9T]NATIONAL ACTION2 ,SECOND3- ,E/ABLI%M5T ( A FREE SOCIETY BAS$ ON ! COOP]ATIVE ORGANIZATION ( PRODUCTION2 ,?IRD3- ,FREE EX*ANGE ( EQUIVAL5T PRODUCTS BY & BETWE5 ! PRODUCTIVE ORGANIZATIONS )\T COMM]CE & PR(IT-MONG]Y2 ,F\R?3- ,E/ABLI%M5T ( $UCATION ON A SECUL>1 SCI5TIFIC1 & EQUAL BASIS = BO? SEXES2 ,FIF?3- ,EQUAL RIY RIS+ 9 :I* ! WORK]S W\LD TAKE OV] ! FACTORIES & EXPEL ! BOSSES4 ,! ,FI* ORGANIZ$ BY ! ,I,W,P,A & ! ,C5TRAL ,LABOR ,UNION4 ,!SE DEMON/RATIONS ( WORK]S MILITANCY T]RIFI$ ! BOSSES & RUL]S4 ,LIKE ALL RUL+ CLASSES1 !Y W]E AFRAID ?AT MASSES W\LD RISE UP AGA9/ !IR OPPRESSORS4 ,! BOSSES DECID$ ON A PLAN4 ,!Y DECID$ TO SMA% ! WORK]S' MOVEM5T ?R\< DIRTY TRICKS4 ,DIRTY ,TRICKS ,ON ,MONDAY1 ,MAY #c1 !RE WAS A FIRIV$ AT ! FACTORY TO KEEP UP ! FI*I/ WORK]S NEWSPAP]S CALL$ ON WORK]S TO >M !MSELVES = SELF-DEF5SE4 ,ON ,MAY #d1 ! ,I,W,P,A CALL$ A MASS PROTE/ MEET+ 9 ! ,HAYM>KET ,SQU>E 9 ,*ICAGO4 ,! NOTICE SAID 0,WORK+M51 ,>M ,Y\RSELVES & ,APPE> 9 ,FULL ,=CE0 & 0,REV5GE6 ,WORK+M5 TO >MS04 ,! MEET+ WAS PEACEFUL4 ,BUT ! SPEE*ES W]E MILITANT4 ,SPEAK]S FROM ! ,I,W,P,A CONDEMN$ ! OPPRESSIVE CAPITALI/ SY/EM & ITS HIR$ ?UGS1 ! POLICE4 ,AS ! MEET+ DISP]S$1 #b POLICE SUDD5LY ATTACK$ ! CR[D4 ,AT ?IS PO9T AN 5EMY AG5T ?REW A BOMB T[>DS ! POLICE4 ,SOME COPS W]E HURT1 & ONE DI$4 ,! POLICE !N OP5$ FIRE4 ,! COMM&]1 ,LIEUT5ANT ,JAMES ,B[L]1 SAID 0,FIRE & KILL AS MANY AS Y\ CAN604 ,AN UNKN[N NUMB] ( WORK]S W]E KILL$ & W\ND$4 ,! ,FRAME ,UP ,! COPS W]E CLE>LY 9 ! WRONG4 ,! MEET+ WAS ALREADY DISP]S+ :5 !Y ATTACK$4 ,! WORK]S DID NOT ?R[ ! BOMB4 ,BUT IT SEEMS LIKE WORK]S LIVES MEAN NO?+4 ,! BLOOD-CRAZ$ COPS KILL$ MANY WORK]S ?AT DAY4 ,BUT IT WAS ! WORK]S & !IR ORGANIZATIONS :O W]E BLAM$ = ! VIOL5CE6 ,!RE W]E MASS >RE/S & RAIDS ON AN>*I/S & O!R RADICALS ACROSS ! C\NTRY4 ,MANY MILITANTS W]E BANN$4 ,! COPS >RE/$ #h LEAD+ ACTIVI/S FROM ! ,I,W,P,A & ! ,C5TRAL ,LABOR ,UNION4 ,!Y SAID ?AT !SE COMRADES W]E TO BLAME = ! BOMB AT ! ,HAYM>KET ,SQU>E4 ,!RE WAS NO EVID5CE ?AT ! COMRADES W]E L9K$ TO ! BOMB4 ,SOME W]E NOT EV5 9 ,*ICAGO AT ! TIME4 ,BUT AFT] A BLATANTLY BIAS$ & UNFAIR TRIAL1 !SE COMRADES W]E S5T5C$ TO DEA? = MURD]4 ,ISN'T ?IS :AT ! CAPITALI/ C\RTS >E AB\T8 ,BOSSES' LAW & RI* MAN'S JU/ICE8 ,?IS IS :AT ! COMRADE ,AUGU/ ,SPIES SAID AS ! DEA? S5T5CE WAS H&$ \T3 ,IF Y\ ?9K Y\ ?AT BY HANG+ US Y\ CAN /AMP \T ! LABOR MOVEM5T - ! MOVEM5T FROM :I* ! D[N-TRODD5 MILLIONS1 ! MILLIONS :O TOIL & LIVE 9 WANT & MIS]Y1 ! WAGE SLAVES1 EXPECT SALVATION - IF ?IS IS Y\R OP9ION1 !N HANG US6 ,H]E Y\ WILL TREAD UPON A SP>K1 BUT H]E1 & !RE1 & BEH9D Y\1 & 9 FRONT ( Y\1 & EV]Y:]E1 ! FLAMES ( .<( WORK]S /RUGGLE.> WILL BLAZE UP 444 ,! GR\ND IS ON FIRE UPON :I* Y\ /&4 ,! ,HANG+S ,!RE W]E WORLD-WIDE PROTE/S BY ! WORK]S MOVEM5T4 ,BUT 9 #a#h#h#g1 F\R ( ! COMRADES W]E HANG$3 ,ALB]T ,P>SONS1 ,AUGU/ ,SPIES1 ,ADOLPH ,FIS*]1 ,GEORGE ,5GEL4 ,A FIF? MILITANT1 ,L\IS ,L+G1 COMMITT$ SUICIDE ! NIS LAT]1 ! GOV]NM5T ADMITT$ ?AT ! TRIAL WAS FALSE & ! REMA9+ ?REE COMRADES GOT AMNE/Y4 ,BEH9D ! DEA?S ( ! ,*ICAGO COMRADES LAY ! EVIL WILL ( BOSSES AIM+ TO DISORGANIZE ! WORK]S MOVEM5T4 ,9 ,MEMORY ( \R FALL5 ,FIIS PROPOS$ ?AT ,MAY #a/ BE ADOPT$ AS A WORK]S' HOLIDAY4 ,?IS WAS TO COMMEMORATE WORK+ CLASS /RUGGLE & ! 0,M>TYRDOM ( ! ,*ICAGO ,EIITY4 ,SADLY1 ?\<1 MANY SOCIALI/S DO NOT KN[ ?AT !SE M>TYRS ( ! WORK+ PEOPLE W]E AN>*I/S4 ,*APT] #c3 ,CRISIS & ,REBIR? ,9 ! LATE #a#h#gS & #a#h#hS1 AN>*ISM SEEM$ SET TO GR[ RAPIDLY4 ,AN>*ISM BECAME A MASS MOVEM5T 9 SOME C\NTRIES1 SU* AS ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES ( ,AM]ICA4 ,IT ALSO REMA9$ A P[]FUL =CE 9 C\NTRIES :]E IT WAS ALREADY /RONG1 SU* AS ,SPA9 & P>TS ( ,S\? ,AM]ICA4 ,& NEW MOVEM5TS EM]G$ 9 C\NTRIES SU* AS ,EGYPT4 ,! ,CRISIS ( ! #a#h#hS ,BUT 9 ! #a#h#hS1 ! MOVEM5T 9 FACT 5T]$ 9TO A CRISIS4 ,IT BECAME WEAK1 & MANY ( ITS GA9S W]E LO/4 ,!RE W]E A NUMB] ( REASONS = ?IS DECL9E4 ,FIR/ ( ALL1 !RE WAS GREAT REPRESSION 9 MANY C\NTRIES4 ,= EXAMPLE1 9 ,FRANCE1 LIT]ALLY T5S ( ?\S&S ( WORK]S W]E KILL$ BY ! ,/ATE 9 #a#h#g#a4 ,?IS FOLL[$ AFT] A FAIL$ WORK]S REVOLUTION CALL$ ! 0,P>IS ,COMMUNE0 9 :I* WORK]S TOOK CONTROL ( ,P>IS & O!R CITIES4 ,! REPRESSION 9 ,FRANCE LA/$ = YE>S4 ,9 ! O!R C\NTRIES1 ! BOSSES W]E AFRAID ( ! RIS+ ( ! WORK]S4 ,SO ! BOSSES' RESPOND$ TO WORK]S RESI/ANCE ?R\< VIOL5CE & DIRTY TRICKS4 ,?IS HAPP5$ 9 ! ,U,S,A = EXAMPLE 7SEE ! PREVI\S *APT]74 ,SECONDLY1 !RE WAS AN ECONOMIC CRISIS 9 MANY C\NTRIES AT ?IS TIME4 ,?IS MADE IT DIFFICULT TO ORGANIZE4 ,WORK]S W]E AFRAID ( BECOM+ UNEMPLOY$1 & !RE=E BECAME LESS MILITANT4 ,ALSO1 9 ?IS P]IOD1 ! BOSSES BECAME LESS LIKELY TO GIVE 9TO WORK]S DEM&S = BETT] WAGES & CONDITIONS4 ,?IS MADE MANY WORK]S LESS LIKELY TO /RUGGLE4 ,?IRDLY1 ! AN>*I/S FAC$ A GR[+ RIVAL 9 ! SOCIALI/ MOVEM5T4 ,!SE W]E ! AU?ORIT>IAN SOCIALI/S -! SOCIALI/S :O BELIEVE 9 SOCIALISM FROM ABOVE ?R\< ! USE ( ! GOV]NM5T4 ,! 0,SECOND ,9T]NATIONAL0 ,S9CE ! COLLAPSE ( ! ,FIR/ ,9T]NATIONAL1 ! AU?ORIT>IAN SOCIALI/S HAD BE5 H>D AT WORK4 ,!Y HELP$ SET UP AN ORGANIZATION CALL$ ! 0,SECOND ,9T]NATIONAL0 9 #a#h#h#i4 ,! ,SECOND ,9T]NATIONAL WAS MA9LY MADE UP ( WORK]S P>TIES ?AT AIM$ TO /& 9 ELECTIONS4 ,! ,SECOND ,9T]NATIONAL ALSO HAD L9KS TO A NUMB] ( TRADE UNIONS4 ,AT FIR/1 ! AN>*I/S JO9$ ! ,SECOND ,9T]NATIONAL1 ATT5D+ ! CONGRESSES 9 #a#h#h#i1 #ahia & #a#h#i#c4 ,! AN>*I/S SAID ?AT ELECTIONS & POLITICAL P>TIES W\LD NOT BR+ FRE$OM4 ,?AT ONLY MASS ACTION & REVOLUTION>Y TRADE UNION /RUGGLE W\LD DELIV] FRE$OM4 ,BUT !Y W]E EXPELL$ 9 #a#h#i#a1 DESPITE ! OBJECTIONS ( MANY DELEGATES4 ,MOTIONS W]E PASS$ 9 #ahic & #ahif TO SPECIFICALLY EXCLUDE ?OSE OPPOS$ TO ! IDEA ?AT SOCIALISM C\LD COME ?R\< 0POLITICAL ACTION0 7SOCIALISM ?R\< ELECTIONS74 ,9 #a#h#i#f1 LIB]T>IAN SOCIALI/S W]E EXPLICITLY BANN$ FROM ! ,SECOND ,9T]NATIONAL4 ,BUT EV5 BE=E ! BAN1 AN>*I/ SPEAK]S W]E PHYSICALLY ATTACK$ AT ! #ahif CONGRESS4 ,ASSASS9ATIONS ,SO ! AN>*I/ MOVEM5T WAS BE+ WEAK5$ BY A NUMB] ( FACTORS4 ,!RE W]E MANY DISAGREEM5TS AMONG COMRADES AB\T ! BE/ WAY =W>D 9 ?IS SITUATION4 ,MI/AKES W]E MADE4 ,SOME COMRADES BECAME V]Y 0PURE0 & 0UTOPIAN04 ,9/EAD ( BE+ 9VOLV$ 9 MASS /RUGGLE1 !Y %UT !MSELVES AWAY 9 ,IVORY ,T[]S4 ,O!R COMRADES >GU$ ?AT MILITANT >M$ ACTIONS BY A FEW W\LD HELP SP>K A WORK]S REVOLUTION4 ,!Y >GU$ ?AT MILITANT ACTIONS BY A FEW AN>*I/S W\LD %[ ?AT ! BOSSES C\LD BE DEFEAT$4 ,IT WAS HOP$ ?AT ?IS W\LD HELP REVIVE ! WORK]S /RUGGLE4 ,IT WAS HOP$ ?AT ?IS W\LD ATTRACT ! WORK]S TO AN>*ISM4 ,?IS IDEA WAS CALL$ 0PROPAG&A BY ! DE$04 0,PROPAG&A BY ! DE$0 9ITIALLY TOOK ! =M ( ATTEMPTS BY SMALL B&S ( MILITANTS TO SP>K RURAL UPRIS+S4 ,?IS TOOK PLACE 9 ,ITALY 9 #ahgg = EXAMPLE4 ,BUT 0PROPAG&A BY ! DE$0 SOON CAME TO REF] TO ! ASSASS9ATION ( BOSSES1 PRESID5TS & K+S BY LONE MILITANTS4 ,?IS TOOK PLACE 9 ,SPA91 ,ITALY1 ,FRANCE1 ! ,U,S,A1 ,AU/RIA & ELSE:]E4 ,WE RECOGNIZE ! BRAV]Y ( COMRADES :O TOOK ?IS ROAD4 ,WE %$ NO TE>S = ! FAT-CATS :O GOT KILL$4 ,BUT WE CAN SEE ?AT ?IS APPROA* WAS ! WRONG ONE4 ,! RESULTS ( 0PROPAG&A BY ! DE$0 W]E PITIFUL4 ,IT BR\*I/ MOVEM5T4 ,! ASSASS9ATIONS W]E US$ AS A PRETEXT = MASS >RE/S & BANN+4 ,9/EAD ( AWAK5+ ! MASSES1 IT RESULT$ 9 LONE MILITANTS SUB/ITUT+ !IR 9DIVIDUAL BRAV]Y = ! MASS MOBILIZATION ( ! WORK+ CLASS4 ,9/EAD ( 9JUR+ ! RUL+ CLASS1 IT HAD LITTLE EFFECT4 ,9DIVIDUAL BOSSES >E EASILY REPLAC$4 ,! TASK IS TO OV]?R[ ! :OLE SY/EM ?AT MAKES BOSSES POSSIBLE 9 ! FIR/ PLACE4 ,9/EAD ( ATTRACT+ ! MASSES TO AN>*ISM1 IT L$ TO LESS SUPPORT FROM ! WORK]S4 ,SOME WORK]S BEGAN TO ?9K ?AT AN>*I/S DID NOT BELIEVE 9 MASS ORGANIZ+4 ,!SE FUNDAM5TALLY FLAW$ TACTICS >E TODAY REJECT$ BY ! MAJORITY ( G5U9E AN>*I/S 9 FAVOR ( MASS ORGANIZ+4 ,! ,RETURN TO ! ,TRADE ,UNIONS ,BY ! #a#h#iS1 ! AN>*I/S W]E AT A DEAD 5D4 ,MANY BEGAN TO QUE/ION :AT ! GREAT ,AN>*I/ REVOLUTION>Y1 ,PET] ,KROPOTK91 CALL$ ! 0ILLUSION ?AT ONE CAN DEFEAT ! COALITION ( EXPLOIT]S ) A FEW P\NDS ( EXPLOSIVES04 ,9/EAD ,KROPOTK9 & MANY O!RS BEGAN TO CALL = REVOLUTION>Y 0MON/] UNIONS EMBRAC+ MILLIONS ( WORK]S04 ,!Y W]E CALL+ = A RETURN TO REVOLUTION>Y MASS /RUGGLE4 ,!Y W]E CALL+ = A RETURN TO ! IDEA ( REVOLUTION>Y TRADE UNIONISM4 ,! UNIONS MU/ BE ! ULTIMATE WEAPON 9 ! WORK]S REVOLUTION4 ,! UNIONS MU/ ORGANIZE A REVOLUTION>Y G5]AL /RIKE TO OV]?R[ ! BOSSES4 ,?IS MEANT ?AT ! AN>*I/S %\LD FOCUS !IR 5]GIES ON WORK+ )9 ! TRADE UNIONS4 ,?IS APPROA* WAS SOMETIMES CALL$ 0REVOLUTION>Y SYNDICALISM01 OR 0AN>*O-SYNDICALISM04 ,?IS IS ,FR5* = 0REVOLUTION>Y TRADE UNIONISM04 ,WORLD ,WIDE ,GR[? ,! FOCUS ON 0REVOLUTION>Y TRADE UNIONISM0 L$ A TO A MASSIVE REVIVAL ( ! AN>*I/ MOVEM5T4 ,! FIR/ BIG SUCCESS TOOK PLACE 9 ,FRANCE4 ,9 ! LATE #a#h#iS1 AN>*ISM HAD BECOME ! DOM9ANT 9FLU5CE ON ! ,FR5* TRADE UNIONS4 ,!RE W]E MANY SUCCESSES 9 O!R C\NTRIES4 ,BETWE5 #a#h#i-#a#i#d#e1 AN>*ISM WAS AT ONE PO9T OR ANO!R ! MA9 POLITICAL 9FLU5CE ON ! TRADE UNIONS ( MANY C\NTRIES4 ,LAT9 ,AM]ICA ,?R\<\T ,LAT9 ,AM]ICA1 AN>*ISM DOM9AT$ ! WORK+ CLASS MOVEM5T WELL 9TO ! #a#i#cS4 ,! AN>*I/S L$ MO/ ( ! TRADE UNIONS 9 ,LAT9 ,AM]ICA4 ,AN>*ISM WAS ESPECIALLY P[]FUL 9 ,>G5T9A1 ,BRAZIL1 ,CUBA1 ,MEXICO1 & ,URUGUAY4 ,! MOVEM5T WAS ALSO /RONG 9 ,*ILI1 ,P]U1 ,BOLIVIA1 ,COLOMBIA1 ,V5EZUELA & ELSE:]E4 ,EUROPE & ,NOR? ,AM]ICA ,! AN>*I/S ALSO L$ ! TRADE UNIONS 9 ,EUROPEAN C\NTRIES SU* AS ,FRANCE1 ,PORTUGAL & ,SPA94 ,!RE W]E ALSO BIG AN>*I/ M9ORITY FACTIONS 9 ,BRITA91 ,BULG>IA1 ,D5M>K1 ,G]MANY1 ,HOLL&1 ,ITALY1 ,NORWAY1 ,POL&1 ,RUSSIA1 ,SW$5 & ! ,U,S,A4 ,! ,ITALIAN 0M9ORITY0 FACTION HAD MORE ?AN #h1 # MEMB]S 9 #a#i#b4 ,ASIA ,9 ,ASIA1 AN>*ISM GREW FROM ! E>LY #a#iS4 ,KOTOKU ,%USUI HELP$ F\ND ! MOVEM5T 9 ,JAPAN 9 AB\T #a#i#f4 ,IT WAS V]Y /RONG 9 ! TRADE UNIONS1 & ACTIVE 9 ! /RUGGLE AGA9/ IMP]IALISM & FASCISM4 ,! COMRADES FAC$ WAVES ( REPRESSION1 NOTABLY 9 #a#i#a#a1 #a#i#b#c1 & #a#i#c#e-#f4 ,9 ,*9A1 ! MOVEM5T EM]G$ 9 #a#i#f1 & ! FIR/ GR\PS W]E ORGANIZ$ 9 #a#i#a#a4 ,! ,*9ESE AN>*I/S W]E ! MA9 =CE 9 ! SOCIAL REVOLUTION>Y MOVEM5T4 ,9 FACT1 !Y W]E SO /RONG ?AT 9 #a#i#a#i1 !RE W]E /ILL NO ,M>XI/ ORGANIZATIONS4 ,KEY MILITANTS 9CLUD$ ,HE ,ZH51 ,LI ,%IZ5G1 ,LI ,FEIGAN 7,BAJ971 ,LIU ,SIFU 7,%IFU71 ,%5 ,ZHONJIU & ,\ ,%5GBAI4 ,! AN>*I/S BUILT ! FIR/ TRADE UNIONS 9 ,*9A1 & ALSO LAUN*$ ! FIR/ WORK]S NEWSPAP] 9 ,*9A4 ,BY #a#i#b#a1 !Y L$ AT LEA/ =TY TRADE UNIONS 9 ,GUANGZH\ REGION1 & ALSO SPE>HEAD$ ! UNION MOVEM5T 9 ,HUNAN & TO A LESS] EXT5T ,%AN*I/S W]E ACTIVE 9 ! E/ABLI%M5T ( WORK]S' S*OOLS & CLUBS TO $UCATE WORK] ORGANIZ]S4 ,9 #a#i#b#g1 AN>*I/S 9SPIR$ ! =MATION ( ! ,LABOR ,UNIV]SITY 9 ,%ANTIES4 ,! ,*9ESE AN>*I/S ALSO PIONE]$ EF=TS TO ORGANIZE ! PEASANTRY1 & W]E ! FIR/ ,*9ESE REVOLUTION>IES TO SPEAK ( ! 0RURAL REVOLUTION04 ,9 ,KOREA1 ! AN>*I/S W]E A P[]FUL =CE ?AT EM]G$ 9 ! LATE #a#i#aS4 ,9 #a#i#b#h1 ! ,KOREAN ,AN>*I/ ,F$]ATION ORGANIZ$ AN ,EA/]N ,AN>*I/ ,F$]ATION 9 #aibh ) AFFILIATES 9 ,*9A1 ,JAPAN1 ,TAIWAN1 ,VIETNAM & O!R C\NTRIES4 ,!Y W]E V]Y ACTIVE 9 ! /RUGGLE AGA9/ COLONIALISM 7,KOREA WAS A ,JAPANESE COLONY74 ,WE WILL LOOK AT !IR /ORY 9 A LAT] *APT]4 ,AFRICA ,AN ,EGYPTIAN SECTION ( ! 0,ANTI-,AU?ORIT>IAN ,9T]NATIONAL0 WAS E/ABLI%$ 9 ! #a#h#hS1 & AN>*I/ COMRADES W]E ACTIVE 9 ,EGYPT UNTIL AT LEA/ ! #a#i#aS4 ,COMRADES W]E ACTIVE 9 ,ALG]IA FROM AT LEA/ ! #a#h#iS1 & 9CLUD$ MILITANTS SU* AS ,SAIL ,MOHAM$ ( ! ,ALG]IAN ,AN>*I/S ,GR\P4 ,! REVOLUTION>Y TRADE UNION1 ! ,C,G,T-,S,R1 WAS ACTIVE 9 ,ALG]IA4 ,SAIL ,MOHAM$ $IT$ ! ,NOR? ,AFRICAN $ITION ( ! AN>*I/ J\RNAL ,T]RE ,LIBRE 9 ! #a#i#cS4 ,AN>*I/S & SYNDICALI/S HELP$ F\ND ! SOCIALI/ MOVEM5T 9 ,S\? ,AFRICA1 & W]E V]Y 9FLU5TIAL 9 GR\PS SU* AS ! ,9T]NATIONAL ,SOCIALI/ ,LEAGUE & ! ,9DU/RIAL ,SOCIALI/ ,LEAGUE4 ,REVOLUTION>Y SYNDICALI/S FROM ! ,9T]NATIONAL ,SOCIALI/ ,LEAGUE BUILT ! FIR/ ,BLACK TRADE UNION 9 ,S\? ,AFRICA4 ,?IS WAS CALL$ ! ,9DU/RIAL ,WORK]S ( ,AFRICA & WAS SET UP 9 #aiag 9 ,JOHANNESBURG4 ,! ,9DU/RIAL ,WORK]S ( ,AFRICA TOLD ! WORK]S TO ORGANIZE MASS /RIKES AGA9/ ! PASS LAWS & *EAP LABOR SY/EM4 ,! COMRADES ALSO BUILT O!R SU* TRADE UNIONS 9 ,DURBAN & ,CAPE ,T[N4 ,! MASSIVE ,9DU/RIAL & ,COMM]CIAL ,WORK]S ,UNION 7,I,C,U7 :I* WAS ACTIVE 9 ,S\? ,AFRICA1 ,ZAMBIA & ,ZIMBABWE 9 ! #a#i#bS WAS 9FLU5C$ BY AN>*I/ GOALS4 ,ITS CON/ITUTION WAS BAS$ ON ?AT ( ! ,I,W,W1 ! REVOLUTION>Y SYNDICALI/ UNION 9 ! ,U,S,A4 ,BUT ! ,I,C,U WAS HIJACK$ & SPLIT BY MIDDLE CLASS ,BLACK LIB]ALS & OPPORTUNI/S4 ,! ,LEFT-,W+ ,ALT]NATIVE ,BY ! E>LY #a#iS1 AN>*ISM WAS ! MO/ MORE POPUL> =M ( REVOLUTION>Y SOCIALISM 9 ! WORLD4 ,\R IDEAS DOM9AT$ ! REVOLUTION>Y LEFT ACROSS ! WORLD4 ,EV5 SOME ( ?OSE :O CALL$ !MSELVES 0,M>XI/S0 ADOPT$ AN>*I/ IDEAS1 R5AM+ !M ?+S LIKE 0,SOCIALI/ ,9DU/RIAL ,UNIONISM04 ,IT IS IMPORTANT TO NOTE ?AT ! AN>*I/S DID NOT ONLY WORK 9 ! TRADE UNIONS4 ,IT IS ALSO IMPORTANT TO NOTE ?AT ! AN>*I/S DID NOT ONLY LOOK AT ISSUES LIKE WAGES & SAFETY1 AL?\< !SE ISSUES >E IMPORTANT4 ,! AN>*I/S ALSO TOOK UP COMMUNITY /RUGGLES LIKE R5T /RIKES1 & /RUGGLES ON ! L&4 ,! AN>*I/S F\1 AGA9/ RACISM1 AGA9/ IMP]IALISM1 & AGA9/ WOM5'S OPPRESSION4 ,*APT] #d3 ,DECL>+ ,W> ON ,RACISM ,FROM ! />T1 ! AN>*I/S OPPOS$ RACISM4 ,! AN>*I/S OPPOS$ ! BASIC IDEAS ( RACISM :I* CLAIM$ ?AT SOME HUMANS W]E WOR? LESS ?AN O!R PEOPLE4 ,9/EAD1 !Y AFFIRM$ ?AT ALL PEOPLE W]E EQUAL1 ?AT ALL PEOPLE HAD ! SAME ABILITIES & ! SAME GREAT POT5TIAL4 ,! AN>*I/S OPPOS$ RACISM BECAUSE !Y BELIEV$ 9 ! UNITY ( ALL WORK]S & WORK+ PEASANTS 9 ALL C\NTRIES4 ,! POISON ( RACISM WAS US$ TO DIVIDE WORK]S & BREAK !IR /RUGGLES4 ,! AN>*I/S OPPOS$ RACISM BECAUSE IT WAS UNJU/ & EVIL4 ,BECAUSE IT L$ TO ! OPPRESSION & P]SECUTION ( MILLIONS ( PEOPLE4 ,RACISM WAS WRONG BECAUSE RACISM WAS OPPRESSION ( HUMAN BE+S4 ,! REAL WAY TO 5D RACISM WAS NOT TO SET UP NEW GOV]NM5TS OR TO APPEAL TO ORGANIZATIONS LIKE ! ,UNIT$ ,NATIONS4 ,RACISM C\LD ONLY BE 5D$ = ONCE & = ALL ?R\< WORK]S /RUGGLE & WORK]S REVOLUTION4 ,ONLY ! REVOLUTION W\LD BURY RACISM = ONCE & = ALL4 ,BUT 9 ! MEANTIME1 ALL RACISM & RACIAL HATR$ HAD TO BE F\*ISM_/,SYNDICALISM W]E ANTI-RACI/ REVOLUTION>IES4 ,MIKHAIL ,BAKUN9 WAS A LIFELONG OPPON5T ( NATIONAL OPPRESSION & RACISM4 ,BAKUN9 /AT$ ?AT !RE MU/ BE A 0RECOGNITION ( HUMAN RI?1 )\T REG>D TO COLOR1 NATIONALITY1 OR SEX0 ,HE WAS NOT ALONE4 ,ALB]T ,P>SONS ( ! ,9T]NATIONAL ,WORK+ ,PEOPLES' ,ASSOCIATION 7,I,W,P,A7 7SEE *APT] TWO71 WAS 9VOLV$ 9 ! ANTI-SLAV]Y MOVEM5T 9 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES 9 ! #a#h#gS4 ,HE WAS D5\NC$ BY RACI/ RIE FILL$ ) ANG] & D5\NCEM5T ( RACISM4 ,! MOVEM5T AS A :OLE PLAC$ ! FI*I/S WON OV] ! ,CUBAN LABOR MOVEM5T FROM MID-#a#h#hS ONW>DS4 ,!Y L$ MASSIVE /RIKES & W]E ACTIVE 9 ! ANTI-COLONIAL /RUGGLE AGA9/ ,SPA9 7SEE ,*APT] #f74 ,! AN>*I/S UNIT$ PEOPLE ( ,AFRICAN1 ,EUROPEAN & MIX$-DESC5T 9 MASS TRADE UNIONS4 ,!Y UNIT$ ! WORK]S 9 ! /RUGGLE AGA9/ ! BOSSES & AGA9/ ALL OPPRESSION4 ,! AN>*I/S L$ /RUGGLES AGA9/ ! LEGACY ( SLAV]Y 9 ,CUBA4 ,?IS 9CLUD$ RACIAL DISCRIM9ATION & ! PHYSICAL PUNI%M5T ( APPR5TICES4 ,AM]ICA ,! ,AN>*I/S_/,SYNDICALI/S W]E 9 ! =EFRONT ( ! FIDLESS ( RACE OR SEX04 ,IT IS SIGNIFICANT ?AT ITS KEY ACTIVI/S1 SU* AS ,ALB]T ,P>SONS1 HAD BE5 ACTIVE 9 ! ANTI-SLAV]Y MOVEM5T BE=E JO9+ ! AN>*I/S4 ,! ,I,W,P,A ORGANIZ$ AMONG ALL WORK]S4 ,IT REGUL>LY & PITILESSLY ATTACK$ RACISM4 ,ONE ( ! MA9 ,I,W,P,A ACTIVI/S WAS ,LUCY ,P>SONS1 A P[]FUL ,BLACK WOMAN & AN EX-SLAVE FROM ,TEXAS4 ,%E WAS ALWAYS H\ND$ BY ! RACI/ =CES ( 0LAW & ORD]01 BUT NEV] SURR5D]$ 9 H] /RUGGLE = ! RISONS WAS ONE ( ?OSE :O F\ND$ ! ,9DU/RIAL ,WORK]S ( ! ,WORLD 7,I,W,W74 ,! ,I,W,W WAS A RADICAL TRADE UNION ?AT BECOME FULLY ,AN>*O- ,SYNDICALI/ 9 #a#i#h4 ,AT ! TIME1 ! MA9/REAM TRADE UNIONS 9 ,AM]ICA DID NOT ALL[ ,BLACKS1 ,*9ESE1 WOM5 & =EIGN-BORN WORK]S TO JO94 ,! ,I,W,W WAS DIFF]5T4 ,IT ORGANIZ$ ALL WORK]S 9CLUD+ ,AFRICAN-,AM]ICANS1 ,EUROPEAN IMMIGRANTS1 ,*9ESE & ,MEXICANS4 ,! ,I,W,W COMBAT$ RACI/ B>B>ISM LIKE LYN*+1 SEGREGATION1 & UNEQUAL WAGES4 ,IT RECRUIT$ T5S ( ?\S&S ( ,AFRICANS & ,NATIVE ,AM]ICANS1 P>TICUL>LY 9 ! TIMB] 9DU/RY & ! DOCKS1 9CLUD+ 9 ! ,S\!RN ,/ATES ( ! ,U,S,A4 ,IT ORGANIZ$ OPPRESS$ ,HISPANIC WORK]S 9 ! ,S\? ,WE/ & ! ,EA/ ,COA/4 ,! ,I,W,W /OOD = JU/ICE & = WORK]S SOLID>ITY ACROSS RACIAL & E?NIC L9ES4 ,ACCORD+ TO ONE HI/ORIAN1 ! ,I,W,W 0UNIT$ ,BLACK & ,:ITE WORK]S AS NEV] BE=E 9 ,AM]ICAN HI/ORY & MA9TA9$ SOLID>ITY & EQUALITY REG>DLESS ( RACE OR COLOR SU* AS MO/ LABOR ORGANIZATIONS HAVE YET TO EQUAL04 ,MANY ( ITS ACTIVI/S W]E PEOPLE ( COLOR1 LIKE ,R4,T4 ,SIMS & ,B5 ,FLET*] 7:O W]E ,AFRICAN-,AM]ICANS71 & ,FRANK ,LITTLE 7( ,NATIVE ,AM]ICAN DESC5T74 ,?IS IS :Y ! ,AFRICAN-,AM]ICAN LEAD] ,W4,E4,B4 DU ,BOIS /AT$ ?AT 0,WE RESPECT ! ,9DU/RIAL ,WORK]S ( ! ,WORLD AS ONE ( ! SOCIAL & POLITICAL MOVEM5TS 9 MOD]N TIMES ?AT DRAWS NO COLOR L9E04 ,UN=TUNATELY1 LIKE ! ,I,W,P,A BE=E IT1 ! ,I,W,W FELL VICTIM TO REPRESSION 9 #a#i#a#g-#b#a1 ) MASS >RE/S1 ATTACKS ON UNION (FICES1 & VIGILANTE VIOL5CE & LYN*+S4 ,COMRADE ,FRANK ,LITTLE WAS LYN*$ BY A MOB4 ,NE>LY #b KEY ACTIVI/S W]E *>G$ ) TREASON FROM #aiah ONW>DS1 & JAIL$ OR DEPORT$4 ,! ,I,W,W ALSO ORGANIZ$ SECTIONS 9 ,AU/RALIA1 ,S\? ,AFRICA1 ,MEXICO & O!R P>TS ( ,LAT9 ,AM]ICA4 ,ALL W]E ANTI-RACI/4 ,! ,AU/RALIAN ,I,W,W WAS1 ACCORD+ TO ONE HI/ORIAN1 ! FIR/ ANTI-RACI/ WORK]S MOVEM5T 9 ?AT C\NTRY4 ,S\? ,AFRICA ,9 ,S\? ,AFRICA1 ! ,9DU/RIAL ,WORK]S ( ,AFRICA - ! FIR/ ,BLACK TRADE UNION - WAS F\ND$ ON ! MODEL ( ! ,I,W,W1 & CALL$ = MASS RESI/ANCE BY ,BLACK WORK]S AGA9/ RACISM & CAPITALISM4 ,! SYNDICALI/S ( ! ,9T]NATIONAL ,SOCIALI/ ,LEAGUE1 :I* F\ND$ ! ,9DU/RIAL ,WORK]S ( ,AFRICA1 /AT$ 9 A FAM\S QUOTE 9 #a#i#a#e3 AN 9T]NATIONALISM :I* DOES NOT CONC$E ! FULLE/ RIIAT 9 \R 9T]NATIONAL RELATIONS4 ,NOT UNTIL WE FREE ! NATIVE CAN WE HOPE TO FREE ! :ITE4 ,! ,FR5* & ,ALG]IAN AN>*I/ MOVEM5T OPPOS$ ! HUNDR$? ANNIV]S>Y CELEBRATIONS ( ! CONQUE/ ( ! C\NTRY BY ! ,FR5* BOSSES1 HELD 9 #a#i#c4 ,A JO9T /ATEM5T ( ! ,C,G,T-,S,R1 ! ,AN>*I/ ,UNION & ! ,ASSOCIATION ( ,AN>*I/ ,F$]ATIONS ISSU$ JO9T /ATEM5T *>G+3 0,CIVILIZATION8 ,PROGRESS8 ,WE SAY3 MURD]604 ,MEXICO ,9 ,MEXICO1 ! AN>*I/S W]E FI*I/-L$ ,P,L,M 7,MEXICAN ,LIB]AL ,P>TY7 F\*I/ TRADE UNIONS SU* AS ! ,CASA DEL ,OBR]O ,MUNDIAL 70,H\SE ( ! ,WORK]S ( ! ,WORLD07 9 ! #a#i#aS4 ,?IS WAS BO? BE=E1 DUR+ & AFT] ! ,MEXICAN ,REVOLUTION 7#a#i#a-#b#b74 ,! AN>*I/S PLAY$ AN IMPORTANT P>T 9 ?IS REVOLUTION AS WELL1 AS ACTIVI/S1 AS FIY ,EMILIANO ,ZAPATA4 ,UKRA9E ,9 ITS E>LY /AGES1 ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION WAS A G5U9E WORK]-PEASANT RIS+4 ,?IS WAS ESPECIALLY TRUE ( ! ,UKRA9E1 ! SECOND BIGGE/ C\NTRY 9 ! ,RUSSIAN ,EMPIRE4 ,H]E ! AN>*I/S 7CALL$ ! 0,MAKHNOVIS*NA07 W]E AT ! =EFRONT ( ! FIIES4 ,BETWE5 #aiah & #aiba !Y ORGANIZ$ A MASS REVOLUTION>Y PEASANT-WORK] MOVEM5T :I* SMA%$ ! ,G]MAN OCCUPATION1 R$I/RIBUT$ ! L&1 & SET UP ANTI-AU?ORIT>IAN PEASANT COMMUNES & WORK]S C\NCILS4 ,! REGION WAS DEF5D$ BY ! DEMOCRATIC ,REVOLUTION>Y ,9SURG5T ,>MY4 ,! ,MAKHNOVI/ MOVEM5T /RUGGL$ TIRELESSLY AGA9/ ANTI-,JEWI% RACISM 9 ! >EA4 ,EXT5SIVE PROPAG&A WORK WAS DONE4 ,FROM ! />T1 ! MOVEM5T 9CLUD$ POOR PEASANTS ( ALL NATIONALITIES1 9CLUD+ ,UKRA9IANS1 ,GREEKS1 & ,JEWS4 ,GUNS & AMMUNITION W]E GIV5 TO ,JEWI% COMMUNITIES = SELF-DEF5SE AGA9/ ATTACK4 ,ANY ,MAKHNOVI/ :O TOOK P>T 9 RACI/ ACTS AGA9/ ,JEWS W]E PROMPTLY & SEV]ELY PUNI%$4 ,AS A ,MAKHNOVI/ DOCUM5T /AT$3 ,Y\R REVOLUTION>Y DUTY IS TO /IFLE ALL NATIONALI/ P]SECUTION BY DEAL+ RU?LESSLY ) ! 9/IGATORS ( ANTI-,SEMITIC POGROMS .444 ,! PA? T[>DS ! EMANCIPATION ( ! WORK]S CAN BE REA*$ ONLY BY ! UNION ( ALL ! WORK]S ( ! WORLD4 ,LONG LIVE ! WORK]S' 9T]NATIONAL6 ,LONG LIVE ! FREE & /ATELESS AN>*I/ COMMUNE6 ,*APT] #e3 ,AN>*I/S 9 ,ANTI-,IMP]IALI/ ,/RUGGLES ,AN>*I/S_/,SYNDICALI/S ALSO PLAY$ AN IMPORTANT ROLE 9 ANTI-COLONIAL & ANTI-IMP]IALI/ /RUGGLES ACROSS ! WORLD4 ,AGA91 AN>*ISM IS BY ITS V]Y NATURE OPPOS$ TO COLONIALISM & OPPRESSION4 ,AN>*ISM IS BAS$ ON A FUNDAM5TAL BELIEF 9 HUMAN EQUALITY & DIGNITY4 ,IT IS OPPOS$ TO OPPRESSION ( :ATEV] SORT4 ,IT IS OPPOS$ TO ! REPRESSION ( ! ,/ATE1 ?AT 0GIGANTIC GRAVEY>D0 ( HUMANITY 7,BAKUN974 ,IT IS OPPOS$ TO ! EXPLOITATION ( CAPITALISM4 ,?IS OPPOSITION TO OPPRESSION1 ! C5TRALIZ$ ,/ATE1 & CAPITALISM1 HAS 9EVITABLY L$ AN>*I/S TO DIRECTLY OPPOSE IMP]IALISM4 ,BUT ! AN>*I/S DID NOT ADVOCATE 0NATIONALISM04 ,NATIONALISM IS ! IDEOLOGY ?AT ALL CLASSES 9 ! OPPRESS$ 0NATION0 79CLUD+ BOSSES & WORK]S7 %\LD UNITE TO SMA%_/REPLACE IMP]IALISM ) AN 09DEP5D5T ,/ATE04 ,BY CONTRA/ ! AN>*I/S >GU$ ?AT WORK]S MU/ NOT ALLY ) ! BOSSES4 ,!Y ALSO >GU$ ?AT NO ,/ATE - NO MATT] H[ 9DEP5D5T - C\LD DELIV] FRE$OM4 ,! ,/ATE BY ITS V]Y NATURE WAS A TOOL ( ELITES - LOCAL & 9T]NATIONAL4 ,9DEP5D5CE C\LD ONLY COME ?R\< A WORK]S REVOLUTION4 ,BAKUN9 ,MIKHAIL ,BAKUN9 5T]$ POLITICS P>TLY AS AN ACTIVI/ 9 ,EA/ ,EUROPEAN ANTI-COLONIAL /RUGGLES4 ,AS A RESULT HE WAS IMPRISON$ & 9T]NALLY EXIL$ )9 ,RUSSIA4 ,AFT] ESCAP+ 9 #a#h#f#a1 HE AB&ON$ NATIONALISM = AN>*ISM BUT MA9TA9$ HIS ANTI-IMP]IALISM4 ,= ,BAKUN9 ANTI-COLONIAL REVOLT WAS 9EVITABLE & DESIRABLE4 ,BAKUN9 D\BT$ :E!R :AT HE T]M$ 0IMP]IALI/ ,EUROPE0 C\LD KEEP ! SUBJECT PEOPLES 9 BONDAGE3 0,TWO-?IRDS ( HUMANITY1 #h MILLION ,ASIATICS ASLEEP 9 !IR S]VITUDE WILL NECESS>ILY AWAK5 & BEG9 TO MOVE4 ,BUT 9 :AT DIRECTION & TO :AT 5D804 ,BAKUN9 DECL>$ 0/RONG SYMPA?Y = ANY NATIONAL UPRIS+ AGA9/ ANY =M ( OPPRESSION01 /AT+ ?AT EV]Y PEOPLE 0HAS ! RIRI$ \T )\T ! PEOPLE & MU/ !RE=E DEP5D = SUCCESS ON A PRIVILEG$ CLASS0 IT WILL BECOME A 0RETROGRESSIVE1 DISA/R\S1 C\NT]-REVOLUTION>Y MOVEM5T04 ,CONSEQU5TLY1 ! 9DEP5D5CE MOVEM5T REQUIRES ?AT 0ALL FAI? 9 ANY DIV9E OR HUMAN AU?ORITY MU/ BE ]ADICAT$ AMONG ! MASSES0 & ?AT ! /RUGGLE AGA9/ COLONIALISM BECOME AN 9T]NATIONALI/ SOCIAL REVOLUTION AGA9/ ! ,/ATE & ! CLASS SY/EM ,CUBA ,! AN>*I/ MOVEM5T TOOK UP ! *ALL5GE4 ,9 ,CUBA1 ! AN>*I/S HAD A MASSIVE WORK+ CLASS BASE1 & HAD POLITICAL LEAD]%IP 9 ! TRADE UNIONS4 ,!Y W]E ALSO ACTIVE 9 ! /RUGGLE = 9DEP5D5CE FROM ,SPA94 ,!Y W]E ACTIVE 9 ! ,T5 ,YE> ,W> 7#a#h#f#h-#g#h7 & LAT] AID$ ! FAM\S ANTI-COLONIAL FITI1 AFT] HE ASSUR$ !M ?AT 9DEP5D5CE W\LD BR+ SOCIAL RE=MS = WORK]S4 ,BUT ! AN>*I/'S POLITICS REMA9$ ?OSE ( SOCIAL REVOLUTION1 NOT NATIONALISM4 ,:5 ! F9AL ,W> ( ,9DEP5D5CE EXPLOD$ 9 #ahie AN>*I/S 9 ,CUBA & 9 EXILE W]E 9 ! =EFRONT ( ?IS /RUGGLE4 ,= EXAMPLE1 COMRADE ,>M&O ,&RE WAS A COMM&] 9 ! REBEL >MY4 ,AL?\< ! W> 5D$ ) ,SPA9'S DEFEAT 9 #a#h#i#h1 ,M>TI'S PROMIS$ RE=MS DI$ ) HIM 9 BATTLE 9 #a#h#i#e4 ,MASS /RUGGLE ?US CONT9U$ UND] ! 9DEP5D5T ,CUBAN GOV]NM5T4 ,! NEW GOV]NM5T DID NOT MEET ! WORK]S' DEM&S4 ,! LOCAL ELITE HAD HIJACK$ ! ANTI-COLONIAL /RUGGLE4 ,IT REPRESS$ ! WORK]S & AN>*I/S :O HAD SACRIFIC$ !MSELVES = 9DEP5D5CE4 ,?IS CLE>LY BE>S \T ,BAKUN9'S W>N+3 ONLY ! WORK+ PEOPLE CAN MAKE ! REVOLUTION AGA9/ IMP]IALISM4 ,NIC>AGUA ,9 #aii ! ,U,S,A OCCUPI$ ,NIC>AGUA4 ,?IS L$ TO A NUMB] ( FAIL$ B\RGEOIS-L$ REVOLTS4 ,!SE REVOLTS W]E L$ BY RI* M51 :O WANT$ 9DEP5D5CE BUT NOT SOCIALISM3 LIB]T>IAN OR O!RWISE4 ,! LA/ ( CAPITALI/-L$ ANTI-COLONIAL REVOLTS 5D$ 9 #a#i#b#f4 ,!RE W]E NEGOTIATIONS1 & ! LIB]AL LEAD]1 ,MONCADA1 BECAME PRESID5T ( :AT WAS 9 PRACTICE A 0SEMI-COLONY0 ( ! ,U,S,A4 ,?IS SETTLEM5T WAS OPPOS$ BY ,AUGU/9O ,S&9O4 ,S&9O HAD BE5 9VOLV$ 9 ORGANIZ+ ! REVOLT ?AT 5D$ 9 #a#i#b#f4 ,HE WAS A WORK]1 & ALSO AN AN>*I/4 ,S&9O LAUN*$ A SEV5-YE> PEASANT GU]RILLA W> AGA9/ ! ,U,S OCCUPATION 9 #a#i#b#g4 ,DESPITE SEV]AL POLITICAL WEAKNESSES1 ,S&9O'S MOVEM5T1 ! ,$,S,N,N1 MOV$ /EADILY LEFTW>DS4 ,S&9O REALIZ$ ?AT 9 ! /RUGGLE AGA9/ IMP]AILISM 0ONLY ! WORK]S & ! PEASANTS WILL GO ALL ! WAY TO ! 5D04 ,! ,E,S,D,N,N PLAC$ 9CREAS+ EMPHASIS ON ORGANIZ+ PEASANT COLLECTIVES 9 ! LIB]AT$ T]RITORIES4 ,AFT] YE>S ( BATTLE1 ! ,U,S =CES W]E )DRAWN 9 #a#i#c#c4 ,FOLL[+ ?IS1 ! ,E,S,D,N,N WAS L>GELY DEMOBILIZ$1 AL?\< ! PEASANT COLLECTIVES CONT9U$ TO FUNCTION4 ,SADLY1 ,S&9O WAS ASSASS9AT$ 9 #a#i#c#d4 ,! PEASANT COLLECTIVES W]E ALSO DE/ROY$4 ,! MAN BEH9D ?IS C\NT]-REVOLUTION WAS A ,G5]AL ,SOMOZA1 :O WAS CONS]VATIVE1 & 9 FACT PRO-IMP]IALI/ RUL] ( ! ,/ATE4 ,BUT :ILE ,SOMOZA'S NAME LIVES ON 9 9FAMY1 ,S&9O IS REMEMB]$ TODAY AS A ,NIC>AGUAN NATIONAL H]O4 ,EA/]N ,EUROPE ,EA/]N ,EUROPE HAS LONG BE5 DOM9AT$ BY V>I\S IMP]IALI/ =CES3 ,RUSSIAN1 ,AU/RO-,HUNG>IAN1 & ,OTTOMAN4 ,AN>*I/S W]E ACTIVE 9 ! #ahgc UPRIS+S 9 ,BOSNIA & ,H]ZEGOV9A AGA9/ ,AU/RO-,HUNG>IAN IMP]IALISM4 ,!Y ALSO TOOK P>T 9 ! 0,NATIONAL ,REVOLUTION>Y ,MOVEM5T0 9 ,MAC$ONIA 7AGA9/ ! ,OTTOMAN EMPIRE74 ,AT LEA/ #f GAVE !IR LIVES 9 ?IS /RUGGLE1 P>TICUL>LY 9 ! GREAT #aic REVOLT4 ,9 ! #aic REVOLT ! AN>*I/S MADE AN ATTEMPT TO EXT5D ! /RUGGLE 9 A REVOLUTION>Y DIRECTION4 ,TO MOVE ! /RUGGLE BEYOND JU/ 0FLAG 9DEP5D5CE0 7A *ANGE ( BOSSES7 BUT T[>DS ! SOCIAL REVOLUTION ( ! WORK+ & POOR PEOPLE4 ,ANO!R EXAMPLE FROM ,EA/ ,EUROPE IS ! /RUGGLE 9 ! ,UKRA9E1 :I* IS DISCUSS$ 9 ,*APT]S #d & #g4 ,IREL& ,9 ,IREL&1 ,JAMES ,CONNOLLY IS REMEMB]$ AS A M>TYR ( ! #aiaf ,EA/] ,REBELLION AGA9/ ,BRITI% IMP]IALISM4 ,CONNOLLY WAS EXECUT$ AFT] ! RIS+ WAS DEFEAT$4 ,CONNOLLY WAS FUNDAM5TALLY A REVOLUTION>Y ,SYNDICALI/ :O BELIEV$ 9 CLASS /RUGGLE & 9 BUILD+ REVOLUTION>Y TRADE UNIONS TO SMA% CAPITALISM4 ,?IS IS TRUE DESPITE SOME POLITICAL ]RORS4 ,= EXAMPLE1 ,CONNOLLY BELIEV$ ?AT ! NATIONALI/S C\LD BECOME REVOLUTION>Y & ?AT IS :Y HE JO9$ ! NATIONALI/-L$ ,EA/] ,RIS+4 ,ASIA ,AN>*I/S PLAY$ A KEY P>T 9 ! ,KOREAN /RUGGLE AGA9/ ,JAPANESE IMP]IALISM4 ,!Y W]E ACTIVE 9 ! #aiai ,KOREAN UPRIS+1 & 9 #aibd =M$ ! ,KOREAN ,AN>*I/ ,F$]ATION 7,K,A,F7 ON A MILITANT ANTI-IMP]IALI/ PLAT=M ?AT >GU$ = 9T]NATIONAL SOCIAL REVOLUTION4 ,9 #aibh ! ,K,A,F ORGANIZ$ AN ,EA/]N ,AN>*I/ ,F$]ATION 9 #aibh ) AFFILIATES 9 ,*9A1 ,JAPAN1 ,TAIWAN1 ,VIETNAM & O!R C\NTRIES4 ,9SIDE ,KOREA1 ! ,AN>*I/S ORGANIZ$ A C\NTRY-WIDE UND]GR\ND NETWORK ?AT 5GAG$ 9 GU]RILLA ACTIVITY1 PROPAG&A WORK & TRADE UNION ORGANIZ+4 ,9 #a#i#b#i1 ! ,AN>*I/S E/ABLI%$ A TWO MILLION-/RONG >M$ REVOLUTION>Y ZONE 9 ,MAN*URIA4 ,! ZONE WAS BAS$ ON FREE PEASANT COLLECTIVES1 & DEF5D$ BY A PEASANT >MY4 ,?IS ZONE WAS DEFEAT$ SOME YE>S LAT] BY ,JAPANESE IMP]IALISM & O!R =CES4 ,/ILL1 RESI/ANCE CONT9U$ ?R\<\T ! #a#i#cS & JO9T ,*9ESE-,KOREAN AN>*O-SYNDICALI/ MILIT>Y OP]ATIONS W]E ORGANIZ$ AFT] ,JAPAN'S #aicg 9VASION ( ,*9A4 ,AN>*I/S W]E ALSO ACTIVE AFT] ,KOREAN 9DEP5D5CE 9 #a#i#d#f4 ,?IS WAS DESPITE REPRESSIVE GOV]NM5TS & 9T]NAL DIVISIONS AMONG ! COMRADES4 ,9 ! ,BELLY ( ! ,BEA/ ,F9ALLY1 WE %\LD PO9T \T ?AT AN>*O-SYNDICALI/S 9 ! IMP]IALI/ C\NTRIES ALSO SUPPORT$ ! ANTI-IMP]IALI/ /RUGGLE4 ,= EXAMPLE1 ! PROM95T ,JAPANESE ,AN>*I/ ,KOTOKU ,%USI WAS FRAM$ & EXECUT$ 9 #aia - P>TLY BECAUSE HIS ,COMMON]S' ,NEWSPAP] CAMPAIGN$ AGA9/ ,JAPANESE IMP]IALISM 9 ,ASIA4 ,! ,JAPANESE COMRADES W]E FI]CELY OPPOS$ TO ! ,JAPANESE 9VASION ( ,MAN*URIA 9 #a#i#c#a4 ,9 #a#i#i1 ! ,SPANI% ,AN>*I/S ORGANIZ$ A MASS /RIKE AGA9/ 9T]V5TION 9 ,MOROCCO4 ,9 ,ITALY1 ! MOVEM5T OPPOS$ ,ITALIAN EXPANSIONISM 9TO ,]ITREA & ,E?IOPIA 9 ! #a#h#hS & #a#h#iS1 & ORGANIZ$ A MASSIVE ANTI-W> MOVEM5T & G5]AL /RIKE AGA9/ ! #aiaa 9VASION ( ,LIBYA & ! PO/W> 9T]V5TION 9 ,ALBANIA4 ,9 ,FRANCE1 ! ,C,G,T ORGANIZ$ PROTE/S & DEMON/RATIONS ON ! ISSUE ( ! ,MOROCCO CRISIS 9 #a#i#e4 ,9 ! #a#i#bS1 ! ,C,G,T-,S,R ORGANIZ$ 9 ,MOROCCO1 & AS WE SAW ABOVE1 CONDEMN$ ,FR5* COLONIALISM4 ,*APT] #f3 ,FI*I/ MOVEM5T F\*I/S4 ,BAKUN9 0,9 ! EYES ( ! LAW01 ,BAKUN9 NOT$1 0EV5 ! BE/ $UCAT$1 TAL5T$1 9TELLIG5T WOMAN IS 9F]IOR TO EV5 ! MO/ IGNORANT MAN04 ,WOM5 >E NOT GIV5 EQUAL OPPORTUNITIES ) M54 ,= ! POOR UND]-PRIVILEG$ WOM51 SAID ,BAKUN91 !RE IS ! ?REAT ( 0HUNG] & COLD01 & ! ?REAT ( SEXUAL ASSAULT & PRO/ITUTION4 ,EV5 )9 ! FAMILY1 WOM5 >E TOO (T5 ! 0SLAVES ( !IR HUSB&S01 & !IR *ILDR5 >E 0DEPRIV$ ( A DEC5T $UCATION1 CONDEMN$ TO A BRUTI% LIFE ( S]VITUDE & DEGRADATION04 ,9/EAD ( ?IS1 0EQUAL RIASITES . ( BO? SEXES6 ,Y\ >E DOOM$ TO DISAPPE>6 ,& MANY ACTIVI/S 9 ! WOM5'S RI*I/S_/,SYNDICALI/S4 ,?US1 ,L\IS ,L+G1 ONE ( ! COMRADES S5T5C$ TO DEA? 9 ,*ICAGO 9 ! #a#h#hS 7SEE *APT] #b7 /AT$ ?AT 3 ,A WOMAN HAS A RI*I/IC7 SOCIETY %E WILL KN[ H[ TO EX]CISE ! RILY1 ,ELIZABE? ,GURLEY ,FLYNN1 ( ! ,I,W,W >GU$ = WOM5'S RISONS ,LUCY ,P>SONS1 ! ,BLACK WOMAN AN>*I/ F\SONS PAID CLOSE ATT5TION TO ! OPPRESSION ( WORK+ CLASS WOM54 ,LUCY ,P>SONS NOT$ H[ ?AT OPPRESSION WAS US$ BY ! BOSSES TO R$UCE ! WAGES ( ! 5TIRE WORK+ CLASS3 ,WE1 ! WOM5 ( ?IS C\NTRY1 HAVE NO BALLOT EV5 IF WE WI%$ TO USE IT444 BUT WE HAVE \R LABOR444 ,:5EV] WAGES >E TO BE R$UC$1 ! CAPITALI/ CLASS USES WOM5 TO R$UCE !M4 ,AT A TIME :5 ! LEFT T5D$ TO IGNORE ! PLISONS TOLD ! CONF]5CE ?AT %E ALSO SPOKE = 0MY SI/]S :OM ,I CAN SEE 9 ! NI ,ONE4 ,%E WAS DEPORT$ TO ,RUSSIA 9 #aiai & WAS ACTIVE 9 BO? ! ,RUSSIAN 7#a#i#a#g-#b#a7 & ,SPANI% ,REVOLUTIONS 7#a#i#c#f-#g74 ,EMMA ,GOLDMAN BELIEV$ 9 REVOLUTION>Y TRADE UNIONISM4 ,EMMA ,GOLDMAN /OOD = ! RIGU$ ?AT !Y W]E DETA*$ FROM ! ECONOMIC REALITIES ( WORK+ CLASS WOM54 ,EMMA ,GOLDMAN & H] COMRADE1 ,ALEX&] ,B]KMAN1 ALSO *AMPION$ ! RIG5T9A ,9 ,>G5T9A1 ! WOM5 AN>*I/S :O SET UP ,LA ,VOZ ,DE ,LA ,MUJ] 70,! ,VOICE ( ! ,WOMAN07 9 ! #a#h#iS W]E ! FIR/ TO L9K WOM5'S LIB]ATION ) REVOLUTION>Y WORK+ CLASS IDEAS 9 ! :OLE ( ,LAT9 ,AM]ICA4 ,!SE COMRADES CALL$ ON WOM5 TO MOBILIZE AGA9/ !IR OPPRESSION AS BO? WOM5 & WORK]S4 ,HE ,ZH5 & ,*9A ,9 ,*9A1 ! MOVEM5T DEVELOP$ A DI/9CT AN>*I/ POSITION ON WOM5'S LIB]ATION4 ,! COMRADES >GU$ ?AT WOM5'S OPPRESSION WAS L9K$ TO ! CLASS SY/EM1 ECONOMIC EXPLOITATION & BACKW>D CULTURAL PRACTICES4 ,9 CONTRA/ TO ! NATIONALI/S1 :O WANT$ WOM5'S LIB]ATION ONLY AS A WAY ( BUILD+ ! NATION1 COMRADES LIKE ,HE ,ZH5 >GU$ = CLASS /RUGGLE & ! RI*I/ MOVEM5T TOOK UP WOM5'S FRE$OM 7SEE *APT] #i74 ,*APT] #g3 ,W> & ,REVOLUTION #a#i#a#f-#b#b ,ALMO/ ! 5TIRE AN>*I/ MOVEM5T OPPOS$ ! IMP]IALI/ ,FIR/ ,WORLD ,W>1 SUFF]+ BANN+1 DET5TIONS & DEPORTATIONS4 ,9 ! ,U,S,A1 ! REPRESSION ( ! ,I,W,W WAS CLOSELY L9K$ TO ITS OPPOSITION TO ! W> EF=T4 ,9 ,AU/RALIA1 ! ,I,W,W WAS BANN$ BECAUSE ( ITS ANTI-W> ACTIVITIES1 & #ab KEY ACTIVI/S W]E JAIL$ = 0TREASON04 ,9 ,G]MANY1 ! PR9T+ PRESSES ( ! ,FREE ,WORK]S ,UNION 7AN AN>*O-SYNDICALI/ TRADE UNION7 W]E IMP\ND$ BY ! GOV]NM5T TO PREV5T OPPOSITION4 ,9 ,SPA91 ! ,NATIONAL ,CONF$]ATION ( ,LABOR 7,C,N,T71 A GIANT AN>*O-SYNDICALI/ TRADE UNION HO/$ AN ANTI-MILIT>I/ CONF]5CE DUR+ ! W>4 ,!SE >E JU/ SOME EXAMPLES ( AN>*ISM'S OPPOSITION TO ! W>4 ,BY CONTRA/1 ALMO/ EV]Y P>TY ( ! AU?ORIT>IAN 0,SECOND ,9T]NATIONAL0 7) ! EXCEPTION ( ! ,BOL%EVIKS 9 ,RUSSIA1 & ! ,SOCIALI/ ,P>TY ( ,ITALY7 VOT$ TO SUPPORT ,WORLD ,W> ,ONE4 ,!Y TOLD !IR MEMB]S TO KILL !IR BRO!R WORK]S FROM O!R C\NTRIES 9 AN IMP]IALI/ W>4 ,F\R ,YE>S ?AT %OOK ! ,WORLD ,T[>DS ! 5D ( ,WORLD ,W> ,ONE1 ! WORLD WAS %AK5 BY A REVOLUTION>Y UPHEAVAL BETWE5 #a#i#a#f-#b#b4 ,! REVOLT TOOK PLACE ACROSS BO? ! ,WE/ & ! ,?IRD ,WORLD4 ,! WORLD /OOD ON ! BR9K ( GLOBAL REVOLUTION4 ,! AN>*I/S W]E C5TRAL TO ! RIS+4 ,! AN>*I/S W]E ACTIVE 9 COLONIAL REVOLTS 9 C\NTRIES SU* AS ,IREL& & ,KOREA 7SEE *APT] #e74 ,! AN>*I/S LAUN*$ G5]AL /RIKES ?AT ESCALAT$ 9TO REVOLUTION>Y CONFRONTATIONS 9 C\NTRIES SU* AS ,MEXICO 7#a#i#a#f71 ,SPA9 7#a#i#a#g71 ,PORTUGAL 7#a#i#a#h71 & ,>G5T9E 7#a#i#a#h-#i74 ,! AN>*I/S 9 ,ITALY W]E C5TRAL TO ! #aib FACTORY OCCUPATION MOVEM5T 9 :I* #f1 WORK]S SEIZ$ & MANAG$ ! FACTORIES4 ,! AN>*I/S W]E IMPORTANT ACTORS 9 ! REVOLUTION>Y WORK]S C\NCILS E/ABLI%$ ACROSS ,EUROPE4 ,9 ,G]MANY1 = EXAMPLE1 COMRADES SU* AS ,GU/AV ,L&AU] & ,]I* ,MUE%AM W]E ON ! COMMITTEE ( ! ,BAV>IAN ,SOVIET4 ,! ,C\NT]-,REVOLUTION ,IT IS A TRAG$Y ?AT !SE REVOLTS DID NOT SUCCE$4 ,IF ! WORK]S HAD WON1 WE W\LD BE LIV+ 9 A WORLD ( FRE$OM TODAY4 ,BUT = A V>IETY ( COMPLEX REASONS ! REVOLUTION>Y UPHEAVAL FAIL$4 ,! COMRADES MADE MI/AKES4 ,! COMRADES W]E ALSO BRUTALLY REPRESS$4 ,9 ,G]MANY1 ,GU/AV ,L&AU] WAS BEAT5 TO DEA? BY SOLDI]S4 ,ACCORD+ TO AN EYEWITNESS 0,!Y DRAGG$ HIM 9TO ! PRISON C\RTY>D4 ,AN (FIC] /RUCK HIM 9 ! FACE4 ,! M5 %\T$ ',DIRTY ,BOL%IE6 ,LET'S F9I% HIM (F6' ,A RA9 ( BL[S FROM RIFLE BUTTS DESC5D$ ON HIM4 ,!Y TRAMPL$ ON HIM TILL HE WAS DEAD04 ,! REPRESSION IS DISCUSS$ 9 MORE DETAIL 9 ! NEXT *APT]1 :I* LOOKS AT FASCISM'S ROLE 9 ! C\NT]-REVOLUTION4 ,! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION1 #a#i#a#g-#b#a ,9 ONLY ONE C\NTRY DID ! REVOLUTION SEEM TO SUCCE$3 ,RUSSIA4 ,! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION WAS ONE ( ! GREATE/ WORK]S' UPRIS+S 9 HI/ORY4 ,! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION WAS NOT A SUDD5 EV5T ?AT TOOK PLACE ON ,OCTOB] #a#e1 #a#i#a#g4 ,ROLL+ ,MASS ,ACTION ,! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION TOOK PLACE ?R\<\T #a#i#a#g4 ,ACROSS ! C\NTRY WORK]S & PEASANTS SET UP ACTION COMMITTEES & 0,SOVIETS0 7C\NCILS ( ELECT$ DELEGATES FROM WORKPLACES1 >MY UNITS & NEIM IT = !MSELVES4 ,9 ! CITIES1 FACTORY COMMITTEES BEGAN TO APPE>4 ,! FACTORY COMMITTEES W]E BAS$ 9 WORKPLACES & ELECT$ BY MASS ASSEMBLIES ( ! WORK]S4 ,AT FIR/ ! FACTORY COMMITTEES /RUGGL$ TO LIMIT ! CONTROL ( ! BOSSES & TOOK UP ISSUES SU* AS ! EI* & ,APRIL #ehf 5T]PRISES W]E CLOS$ ) #a1 WORK]S LOCK$ \T4 ,! FACTORY COMMITTEES ALSO HELP$ ORGANIZE ! WORK]S 9 /RUGGLE = BETT] WAGES4 ,OV] TIME1 ! FACTORY COMMITTEES BECAME 9CREAS+LY RADICAL4 ,!Y BEGAN TO TALK ( TAK+ OV] ! FACTORIES & PLAC+ !M UND] WORK]S' CONTROL4 ,9 MANY CASES MANAGEM5T WAS ONLY RUBB] /AMP+ DECISIONS TAK5 BY ! COMMITTEES & WAS ANSW]ABLE TO WORK]S' MASS MEET+S4 ,ACCORD+ TO ONE OBS]V] 9 #a#i#a#h3 ,AN AN>*I/ WAVE 9 ! %APE ( FACTORY COMMITTEES & WORK]S CONTROL WAS SWEEP+ OV] ! ,RUSSIAN ,LABOR MOVEM5T4 ,! FACTORY COMMITTEES RESOLV$ TO UNITE ) EA* O!R & RUN ! ECONOMY UND] WORK]S CONTROL4 ,! ,RESOLUTION ( ,FACTORY_/,%OP ,COMMISSIONS 9 #aiag /AT$3 ,! ECONOMIC LIFE ( ! C\NTRY - AGRICULTURE1 9DU/RY1 COMM]CE & TRANSPORT MU/ BE SUBJECT TO ONE UNIFI$ PLAN1 CON/RUCT$ SO AS TO SATISFY ! 9DIVIDUAL & SOCIAL REQUIREM5TS ( ! WIDE MASSES ( ! PEOPLE4 ,EV5 ! SOLDI]S & SAILORS BEGAN TO ORGANIZE !MSELVES 9TO ,SOVIETS4 ,9 ! MIDDLE ( #a#i#a#g1 ! BOSSES TRI$ TO SEIZE ,PETROGRAD 7! MA9 CITY7 BY =CE4 ,!Y WANT$ TO CRU% ! WORK]S MOVEM5T4 ,>M$ WORK]S & REBEL SOLDI]S & SAILORS DEFEAT$ ! ATTEMPT$ TAKE-OV]4 ,REVOLUTION WAS 9 ! AIR4 ,WORK]S' ,POLITICS ,!RE W]E DIFF]5T POLITICAL FACTIONS AMONG ! WORK]S4 ,ONE ( ! MA9 FACTIONS WAS CALL$ ! 0,M5%EVIKS04 ,! ,M5%EVIKS SAID ?AT ! WORK]S %\LD NOT E/ABLI% SOCIALISM4 ,9/EAD1 ! WORK]S %\LD ELECT ,M5%EVIK LEAD]S TO P>LIAM5T TO MAKE RE=MS 9 CAPITALISM4 ,!Y W]E RE=MI/ SOCIALI/S4 ,! AN>*I/S W]E A SECOND1 SMALL] FACTION4 ,!RE W]E AT LEA/ #a1 ACTIVE ,AN>*I/S 9 ,RUSSIA ITSELF4 ,!RE WAS ALSO A MASS MOVEM5T 9 ! ,UKRA9E L$ BY ,NE/OR ,MAKHNO 7SEE BEL[1 & ALSO SEE ,*APT] "9"974 ,! AN>*I/S W]E V]Y 9VOLV$ 9 ! FACTORY COMMITTEES4 ,!Y HAD A LOT ( SUPPORT ) ! M9]S1 DOCK]S1 PO/AL WORK]S1 & BAK]S4 ,!Y BELIEV$ ?AT ! PEASANT ,SOVIETS & ! FACTORY COMMITTEES %\LD TAKE OV] ! C\NTRY4 ,9 ?IS WAY1 ! WORK+ PEOPLE C\LD BE 9 *>GE & ! BOSSES & ! GOV]NM5T W\LD BE OV]?R[N4 ,9 ! ,WORK]S ,TRU? NEWSPAP] 9 ,AUGU/ #a#i#a#g1 AN>*I/S WROTE3 ,WE SAY TO ! ,RUSSIAN WORK]S1 PEASANTS1 SOLDI]S1 REVOLUTIONI/S3 ABOVE ALL CONT9UE ! REVOLUTION4 ,CONT9UE TO ORGANIZE Y\RSELVES SOLIDLY & UNITE Y\R NEW ORGANIZATIONS3 Y\R COMMUNES1 Y\R COMMITTEES1 Y\R SOVIETS4 ,CONT9UE1 ) FIRMNESS & P]SEV]ANCE1 ALWAYS & EV]Y:]E TO P>TICIPATE MORE EXT5SIVELY & MORE & MORE EFFECTIVELY 9 ! ECONOMIC LIFE ( ! C\NTRY1 CONT9UE TO TAKE 9TO Y\R H&S1 ?AT IS 9TO ! H&S ( Y\R ORGANIZATIONS1 ALL ! RAW MAT]IALS & ALL ! 9/RUM5TS 9DISP5SABLE TO Y\R LABOR4 ,CONT9UE ! REVOLUTION4 ,DO NOT HESITATE TO FACE ! SOLUTION ( ! BURN+ QUE/IONS ( ! PRES5T4 ,CREATE EV]Y:]E ! NECESS>Y ORGANIZATIONS TO A*IEVE !SE SOLUTIONS4 ,PEASANTS1 TAKE ! L& & PUT IT AT ! DISPOSAL ( Y\R COMMITTEES4 ,WORK]S1 PROCE$ TO PUT 9 ! H&S ( & AT ! DISPOSAL ( Y\R [N SOCIAL ORGANIZATIONS - EV]Y:]E ON ! SPOT - ! M9ES & ! SUBSOIL1 ! 5T]PRISES & ! E/ABLI%M5TS ( ALL SORTS1 ! WORKS & ! FACTORIES1 ! WORK%OPS & ! MA*9ES4 ,! ,BOL%EVIKS ,ANO!R BIG FACTION AMONG ! WORK]S WAS CALL$ ! 0,BOL%EVIKS0 OR ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY4 ,?IS FACTION WAS L$ BY ,L591 ,TROTSKY & ,/AL94 ,!Y FOLL[$ ! IDEAS ( ,M>X1 & HAD BE5 P>T ( ! AU?ORIT>IAN ,SECOND ,9T]NATIONAL 7SEE *APT] #c74 ,LIKE ! AN>*I/S1 ! ,BOL%EVIKS BELIEV$ 9 A REVOLUTION4 ,BUT ! ,BOL%EVIKS BELIEV$ ?AT ! REVOLUTION %\LD COME ?R\< A 0V]Y /RONG GOV]NM5T0 7,5GELS7 L$ BY AN ELITE REVOLUTION>Y P>TY4 ,9 O!R WORDS1 ! ,BOL%EVIKS BELIEV$ ?AT SOCIALISM %\LD COME FROM ABOVE1 & BE RUN BY A C5TRALIZ$ REGIME4 ,TROTSKY SAID ?AT 0SOCIALISM0 MEANT 0AU?ORIT>IAN LEAD]%IP444 C5TRALIZ$ DI/RIBUTION ( ! LABOR =CE444 ! WORK]S' ,/ATE 7CONSID]+ ITSELF7 5TITL$ TO S5D ANY WORK] :]EV] HIS LABOR MAY BE NE$$0 7FROM ,T]RORISM & ,COMMUNISM74 ,HE SAID WORK]S MU/ BE PLAC$ UND] MILIT>Y DISCIPL9E3 ! WORK+ CLASS444 MU/ BE ?R[N H]E & !RE1 APPO9T$1 COMM&$ JU/ LIKE SOLDI]S4 ,DES]T]S FROM LABOR \Y DICTATOR%IP1 ,TROTSKY SAID3 ,!Y HAVE COME \T ) DANG]\S SLOGANS4 ,!Y HAVE MADE A FETI% ( DEMOCRATIC PR9CIPLES4 ,!Y HAVE PLAC$ ! WORK]S RITY4 ,AS IF ! ,P>TY W]E NOT 5TITL$ TO ASS]T ITS DICTATOR%IP EV5 IF ?AT DICTATOR%IP TEMPOR>ILY CLA%$ ) ! PASS+ MOODS ( ! WORK]S DEMOCRACY6 ,L59 >GU$ ?AT 0! IRREFUTABLE EXP]I5CE ( HI/ORY HAS %[N ?AT ! DICTATOR%IP ( 9DIVIDUAL P]SONS WAS V]Y (T5 ! VEHICLE1 ! *ANNEL ( ! DICTATOR%IP ( ! REVOLUTION>Y CLASSES04 ,= ,L591 SOCIALISM WAS NOT BAS$ ON WORK]S P[]4 ,9/EAD1 0\R TASK IS TO /UDY ! /ATE CAPITALISM ( ! ,G]MANS1 TO SP>E NO EF=T 9 COPY+ IT & NOT %R9K FROM ADOPT+ DICTATORIAL ME?ODS TO HA/5 ! COPY+ ( IT04 ,L59 OPPOS$ WORK] CONTROL ( FACTORIES1 SAY+ ?AT !RE MU/ BE GOV]NM5T APPO9T$ MANAG]S & 0UNQUE/ION+ OB$I5CE TO ! ORD]S ( 9DIVIDUAL REPRES5TATIVES ( ! ,SOVIET GOV]NM5T DUR+ WORK TIME04 ,RA!R ?AN DIRECT DEMOCRACY1 !RE MU/ BE 0IRON DISCIPL9E1 ) UNQUE/ION+ OB$I5CE TO ! WILL ( A S+LE P]SON1 ! ,SOVIET LEAD]40 ,! ,BOL%EVIKS SEIZE ,P[] ,9 ,OCTOB] #a#i#a#g1 ! ,BOL%EVIKS & ! AN>*I/S ORGANIZ$ A RIS+ AGA9/ ! ,RUSSIAN GOV]NM5T4 ,! RIS+ WAS CO-ORD9AT$ BY A ,MILIT>Y ,REVOLUTION>Y ,COMMITTEE1 :I* 9CLUD$ AT LEA/ #d AN>*I/S4 ,! AN>*I/S SUPPORT$ ! RIS+ BECAUSE !Y WANT$ ! CAPITALI/ ,RUSSIAN GOV]NM5T TO BE OV]?R[N4 ,!Y WANT$ P[] TO RESIDE ONLY ) ! ,SOVIETS & FACTORY COMMITTEES4 ,! ,BOL%EVIKS SUPPORT$ ! RIS+ BECAUSE !Y WANT$ TO REPLACE ! ,RUSSIAN GOV]NM5T ) !IR [N 0REVOLUTION>Y GOV]NM5T0 CALL$ ! 0DICTATOR%IP ( ! PROLET>IAT04 ,BECAUSE !Y BELIEV$ 9 REVOLUTION FROM ABOVE1 ! ,BOL%EVIKS SOON MOV$ TO DE/ROY ! P[] ( ! ,SOVIETS & FACTORY COMMITTEES4 ,! ,BOL%EVIKS ALSO ABOLI%$ POLITICAL FRE$OM1 & REPRESS$ ! O!R SOCIALI/ FACTIONS SU* AS ! AN>*I/S4 ,! ,/ATE & ,C\NT]-,REVOLUTION ,! ,BOL%EVIKS TOOK AWAY ! P[] ( ! FACTORY COMMITTEES & REPLAC$ WORK]S CONTROL ) GOV]NM5T MANAG]S4 ,FIR/ ! FACTORY COMMITTEES W]E PUT UND] TRADE UNION CONTROL1 & !N ! TRADE UNIONS W]E TAK5 OV] BY ! GOV]NM5T4 ,9 #a#i#a#i1 AB\T #i.0 ( 5T]PRISES W]E RUN BY WORK]S4 ,BUT 9 #a#i#b1 NE>LY #h.0 ( FACTORIES W]E UND] ! CONTROL ( OLD-/YLE MANAG]S4 ,! ,BOL%EVIKS REMOV$ ! RIY SOLDI]S TO ELECT !IR (FIC]S 9 ! >MY4 ,NE>LY #e1 (FIC]S FROM ! OLD REGIME W]E DRAFT$ 9TO ! NEW >MY AS COMM&]S4 ,! ,BOL%EVIKS REPLAC$ ! P[] ( ! ,SOVIETS ) ! P[] ( ! ,/ATE4 ,ALL ! ,SOVIETS W]E PUT UND] ! CONTROL ( ! ,CAB9ET 7CALL$ ! 0,SOVN>KOM074 ,! NEW 0REVOLUTION>Y0 ,BOL%EVIK GOV]NM5T WAS NOT BAS$ ON WORK]S C\NCILS4 ,9 LATE #aiah ONLY AB\T #a.0 ( ! S5IOR (FICIALS ( KEY GOV]NM5T M9I/RIES W]E ,BOL%EVIKS4 ,9/EAD1 !Y W]E BUREAUCRATS FROM ! OLD REGIME4 ,! NEW GOV]NM5T1 9/EAD1 TOOK OV] ! WORK]S' C\NCILS1 & MADE !M 9TO RUBB]-/AMP+ /RUCTURES4 ,! T9Y ,BOL%EVIK P>TY SOON BECAME A P>TY ( BUREAUCRATS4 ,BY #a#i#b#c1 TWO ?IRDS ( ITS MEMB]S OCCUPI$ ADM9I/RATIVE PO/S & ONLY ONE 9 SEV5 WAS A MANUAL WORK]4 ,BY E>LY #a#i#a#h1 ! P[] ( ! ,SOVIETS & ! FACTORY COMMITTEES HAD BE5 5TIRELY DE/ROY$4 ,DICTATOR%IP ,O,V,] ! ,PROLET>IAT ,! ,BOL%EVIKS REPRESS$ ALL OPPOSITION =CES1 9CLUD+ O!R SOCIALI/S4 ,9 ,APRIL #aiah #d AN>*I/S W]E KILL$ OR W\ND$ & >\ND #e PUT 9 PRISON 9 A S]IES ( ,BOL%EVIK ATTACKS 9 ,MOSC[ & ,PETROGRAD4 ,ALL ! MAJOR AN>*I/ PUBLICATIONS W]E BANN$ 9 ,MAY #a#i#a#h4 ,EV5 AN>*I/ PAP]S1 :I* SUPPORT$ ! ,BOL%EVIKS1 W]E BANN$4 ,OV] ! NEXT F\R YE>S1 HUNDR$S !N ?\S&S ( AN>*I/S W]E TO BE >RE/$1 JAIL$1 TORTUR$1 EXIL$ & EXECUT$4 ,O!R PRO-REVOLUTION LEFT P>TIES SUFF]$ A SIMIL> FAI? & BY #aiai SO DID WORK]S :O ACT$ 9DEP5D5TLY AGA9/ ! REGIME4 ,! REPRESSION WAS ORGANIZ$ BY ! SECRET POLICE OR 0,*EKA04 ,! HEAD ( ! ,*EKA SAID3 ,WE /& = ORGANIZ$ T]ROR - ?IS %\LD BE OP5LY /AT$ - T]ROR BE+ ABSOLUTELY 9DISP5SABLE 9 CURR5T REVOLUTION>Y CONDITIONS444 WE T]RORIZE ! 5EMIES ( ! ,SOVIET GOV]NM5T 9 ORD] TO /IFLE CRIME AT ITS 9CEPTION4 ,T]ROR S]VES AS A READY DET]R5T4 ,BY #a#i#b#a1 ! ,*EKA HAD #b#f1 MEMB]S1 MAK+ IT NE>LY #b TIMES BIGG] ?AN ! SECRET POLICE ( ! ,CZ>I/ CAPITALI/ GOV]NM5T1 ! ,OKHRANA1 :I* HAD #a#e1 MEMB]S4 ,! ,*EKA EXECUT$ AT LEA/ #b#h1 PEOPLE BETWE5 #a#i#a#g-#b#b4 ,MANY W]E LEFT-W+ ACTIVI/S OR /RIK]S & REBELLI\S PEASANTS4 ,! ,KRON/ADT ,UPRIS+1 #aiba ,9 ,FEBRU>Y #a#i#b#a1 !RE WAS G5]AL /RIKE BY WORK]S 9 ,PETROGRAD4 ,! WORK]S WANT$ MORE FOOD & BETT] CONDITIONS4 ,! /RIKE WAS CRU%$1 & ITS LEAD]S W]E EXECUT$ BY ! ,*EKA4 ,! MILITANT SOLDI]S & SAILORS AT ! NE>BY ,KRON/ADT NAVY BASE HE>D ( !SE EV5TS4 ,! ,KRON/ADT SOLDI]S & SAILORS ROSE UP4 ,KRON/ADT CALL$ = ! RELEASE ( LEFT-W+ & AN>*I/ POLITICAL PRISON]S & FREE SPEE* = ALL SOCIALI/S4 ,!Y DEM&$ WORK]S RIY01 & SMA%$ ! RIS+ ) ! MILIT>Y4 ,KRON/ADT WAS TRY+ TO DEF5D ! ORIG9AL DEM&S ( ! ,RUSSIAN REVOLUTION4 ,BUT IT WAS SMA%$4 ,! VA/ MAJORITY ( ! ,KRON/ADT SOLDI]S & SAILORS HAD BE5 9VOLV$ 9 ! /RUGGLES ( #a#i#a#g4 ,BUT !Y W]E GUNN$ D[N4 ,?IS WAS ! TRUE FACE ( ,BOL%EVISM 9 P[]4 ,KRON/ADT WAS A ?REAT TO ,BOL%EVIK P[]4 ,WORK]S REVOLUTION WAS A ?REAT TO ,BOL%EVIK P[]4 ,! ,BOL%EVIKS HAD DE/ROY$ ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION4 ,! ,RUSSIAN REVOLUTION WAS DEAD4 ,! C\NTRY HAD MOV$ FROM A LIB]AT+ REVOLUTION BY WORK]S & PEASANTS TO A ONE-P>TY /ATE UND] ! ,M>XI/S4 ,EXT]NAL ,=CES8 ,SOME PEOPLE SAY ?AT ! REPRESSION C>RI$ \T BY ! ,BOL%EVIKS WAS GOOD4 ,SOME PEOPLE SAY ?AT ! REPRESSION DEF5D$ ! REVOLUTION FROM REACTION>IES4 ,!RE WAS A ?REAT FROM REACTION>Y =CES4 ,REACTION>Y =CES 9VAD$ ,RUSSIA 9 MID-#a#i#a#h TO /OP ! REVOLUTION4 ,?IS L$ TO ! ,RUSSIAN ,CIVIL ,W> :I* LA/$ UNTIL ! 5D ( #a#i#b4 ,?IS IS FACT4 ,BUT A RIT ( ! ,CIVIL ,W>4 ,A RI*I/S W]E REPRESS$ BE=E ! ,CIVIL ,W> 7! W> BEGAN 9 ,JUNE #a#i#a#h74 ,A RI 7! W> 5D$ 9 ,DECEMB] #a#i#b74 ,! ,LESSONS ( ,OCTOB] ,ANY REVOLUTION MADE FROM ABOVE WILL 5D UP 9 A DICTATOR%IP4 ,ANY REVOLUTION ?AT PUTS REACTION>Y G5]ALS 9 P[] ( A WORK]S >MY1 ?AT PUTS BOSSES BACK 9 FACTORIES1 & ?AT SETS UP DEA? SQUADS TO MURD] /RIK]S & SOCIALI/S WILL FAIL4 ,ANY REVOLUTION :I* IS BAS$ ON US+ GOV]NM5T P[] WILL FAIL4 ,?IS WAS AS ,BAKUN9 HAD W>N$ 9 ! ,FIR/ ,9T]NATIONAL #e YE>S BE=E 7SEE *APT] #a74 ,A G5U9ELY SOCIALI/ & FREE SOCIETY CAN ONLY BE CREAT$ BY ! WORK+ CLASS & WORK+ PEASANTS ACT+ ON !IR [N 9ITIATIVE TO SMA% ! *A9S ( OPPRESSION4 ,?IS IS :]E AN>*I/S HAVE ALWAYS DIFF]$ FROM ,M>X1 & HIS SUCCESSORS SU* AS ! 9 ,SECOND ,9T]NATIONAL & ! ,BOL%EVIKS OR ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TIES4 ,WE /& = REVOLUTION =M BEL[ & ! GREATE/ POSSIBLE FRE$OM4 ,!Y /& = REVOLUTION FROM ABOVE BY A REVOLUTION>Y DICTATOR%IP4 ,WE RECOGNIZE ?AT ,RUSSIA WAS NOT SOCIALI/ - IT WAS A TYPE ( GOV]NM5T CONTROLL$ CAPITALISM4 ,! COLLAPSE ( ! ,SOVIET GOV]NM5T 9 ,RUSSIA 9 ! #a#i#iS IS !RE=E NOT A DEFEAT = SOCIALISM4 ,NE/OR ,MAKHNO & ! ,UKRA9E1 #a#i#a#h-#b#a ,? ,RUSSIAN REVOLUTION DID HAVE TO 5D 9 DICTATOR%IP4 ,IT WAS NOT =C$ 9TO DICTATOR%IP BY A 0RIXISM_/,BOL%EVISM IS BAS$ ON ! IDEA ( SOCIALISM FROM ABOVE4 ,! POSSIBILITY ( A DIFF]5T \TCOME IS %[N BY EV5TS 9 ! ,UKRA9E4 ,9 ! ,UKRA9E1 ! MA9 REVOLUTION>Y GR\P W]E ! AN>*I/S 7CALL$ 0,MAKHNOV%*9A074 ,ABOVE WE LOOK$ AT H[ ! ,MAKHNOV%*9A WAS AN ANTI-IMP]IALI/ MOVEM5T4 ,N[ LET US CONTRA/ IT ) ! ,BOL%EVIK DICTATOR%IP4 ,A WORK]-PEASANT >MY L$ BY ! AN>*I/ ,NE/OR ,MAKHNO EXPELL$ ! =CES ( ,G]MAN IMP]IALISM4 ,?IS ,REVOLUTION>Y ,9SURG5T ,>MY ALSO DEFEAT$ ! RIMIES ?AT 9VAD$ 9 #a#i#a#h4 ,! ,REVOLUTION>Y ,9SURG5T ,>MY WAS 9T]NALLY DEMOCRATIC1 ) ALL (FIC]S ELECT$ BY ! SOLDI]S4 ,IT WAS UND] ! CONTROL ( ,REGIONAL ,CONGRESSES ( ,WORK]S1 ,PEASANTS & ,9SURG5TS MADE UP ( GRASSROOTS DELEGATES4 ,COLLECTIVES ,! A*IEVEM5TS ( ! ,MAKHNOV%*9A W]E NOT ONLY MILIT>Y4 ,AS ! ,REVOLUTION>Y ,9SURG5T ,>MY MOV$ ?R\< ! ,UKRA9E1 ! ,MAKHNOV%*9A 5C\RAG$ ! PEASANTS & F>M WORK]S TO TAKE ! L& & SET UP F>M+ COLLECTIVES4 ,(T5 ?IS HAD TO TAKE SECOND PLACE TO ! NE$ TO FII$ =EIGN >MIES ( OCCUPATION4 ,! COLLECTIVES %[$ ?AT PRODUCTION C\LD BE ORGANIZ$ TO B5EFIT ALL RA!R ?AN TO L9E ! POCKETS ( A FEW1 DESPITE A 0RIEAS CONTROLL$ BY ! ,MAKHNOV%*9A1 !RE WAS FULL FRE$OM ( SPEE* & ASSEMBLY4 ,?IS %[$ ?AT FULL POLITICAL RIE POSSIBLE - 9 FACT VITAL - DESPITE ! EXI/5CE ( A 0RIMY C\LD FUNCTION EFFECTIVELY TO DEF5D ! REVOLUTION4 ,! ,MAKHNOVI/ MOVEM5T /RUGGL$ TIRELESSLY AGA9/ ANTI-,JEWI% RACISM 9 ! >EA 7= MORE DETAILS1 SEE ,*APT] #d74 ,! ,MAKHNOV%*9A W]E A PROGRESSIVE MASS MOVEM5T FIY =CES4 ,! ,MAKHNOV%*9A W]E C5TRAL TO ! DEFEAT ( ! C\NT]-REVOLUTION>Y >MIES ( ,WRANGEL & ,D5IK54 ,!Y PREV5T$ !SE >MIES FROM REA*+ ,PETROGRAD & ,MOSC[4 ,BUT AS SOON AS ! C\NT]-REVOLUTION>IES W]E DEFEAT$1 ! ,BOL%EVIKS TURN$ ON ! AN>*I/S4 ,! ,BOL%EVIKS TORE UP ! TREATIES4 ,! ,BOL%EVIKS SL&]$ ! ,MAKHNOV%*9A1 SAY+ ?AT !Y W]E BAS$ AMONG ! RI*1 ?AT !Y CO-OP]AT$ ) ! C\NT]-REVOLUTION>IES1 ?AT !Y W]E ANTI-,JEWI%4 ,! ,BOL%EVIKS DECL>$ W> ON ! ,MAKHNOV%*9A4 ,AFT] A BRUTAL /RUGGLE1 ! ,BOL%EVIK GOV]NM5T DEFEAT$ ! ,MAKHNOV%*9A4 ,*APT] #h3 ,AN>*ISM 9 ! #a#i#bS & #a#i#cS ,! AN>*I/S 5T]$ ! #a#i#bS AS ! TRUE UPHOLD]S ( WORK]S P[] & SOCIALISM FROM BEL[4 ,UNLIKE MANY O!R SOCIALI/S1 !Y REALIZ$ ?AT ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION HAD BE5 DE/ROY$4 ,UNLIKE ! RE=MI/ SOCIALI/S LEFT OV] FROM ! 0,SECOND ,9T]NATIONAL0 - ! ,LABOR ,P>TIES & ,SOCIAL-,DEMOCRATIC ,P>TIES - !Y KNEW ?AT REVOLUTION WAS ! ROAD TO WORK]S P[] ,UNLIKE ! ,BOL%EVIKS1 !Y KNEW ?AT SOCIALISM CAN ONLY BE BUILT ?R\< FRE$OM1 NOT DICTATOR%IP4 ,9 #aibb ! AN>*I/S =M$ AN ,9T]NATIONAL ,WORK]S ,ASSOCIATION TO UNITE !IR =CES4 ,MADE UP MA9LY ( ,AN>*O-SYNDICALI/ TRADE UNIONS1 ! ,9T]NATIONAL ,WORK]S ,ASSOCIATION HAD AFFILIATES ?R\<\T ! WORLD1 9CLUD+ ,EUROPE1 ,JAPAN & ! ,AM]ICAS4 ,IT ALSO HAD CONTACTS ) SYMPA!TIC GR\PS 9 ,9DIA1 ,*9A & ,NOR? ,AFRICA4 ,AT ITS HEI*I/S W]E ALSO ACTIVE 9 RURAL /RUGGLES AMONG ! PEASANTS 9 C\NTRIES SU* AS ,KOREA4 ,! ,BOL%EVIK ,MY? ,BUT ! AN>*I/S FAC$ SEV]E *ALL5GES 9 ! #a#i#bS & #a#i#cS4 ,= ONE ?+1 ! ,BOL%EVIK GOV]NM5T 9 ,RUSSIA IMPRESS$ MANY SOCIALI/S ACROSS ! WORLD4 ,MANY ?\TIES4 ,!SE P>TIES (T5 BECAME V]Y BIG1 & *ALL5G$ ! AN>*I/S = POLITICAL LEAD]%IP 9 ! WORK]S MOVEM5T4 ,?IS WEAK5$ ! AN>*I/S4 ,!Y FAC$ A NEW1 DYNAMIC RIVAL :I* WAS WELL-ORGANIZ$ & ATTRACTIVE TO MANY MILITANTS4 ,! RESULT WAS A SPLIT 9 ! REVOLUTION>Y WORK]S MOVEM5T BETWE5 ,BOL%EVISM & AN>*ISM4 ,H[EV]1 MANY AN>*I/ MOVEM5TS RETA9$ !IR 9FLU5CE WELL 9TO ! #a#i#cS4 ,9 ,ITALY1 = EXAMPLE1 ! ,ITALIAN ,SYNDICALI/ ,UNION HAD #a1 MEMB]S BE=E #a#i#a#d4 ,BY #a#i#b1 IT HAD GR[N TO #h14 ,9 ,SPA91 ! ,NATIONAL ,CONF$]ATION ( ,LABOR - AN AN>*I/ REVOLUTION>Y TRADE UNION - GREW FROM #a1 MEMB]S 9 #aiad TO #b11 9 #a#i#c#f4 ,! ,FASCI/ ,?REAT ,A MU* MORE S]I\S ?REAT TO AN>*ISM WAS ,/ATE REPRESSION4 ,GREAT REPRESSION MET ! REVOLUTIONS ( #a#i#a#f-#b#b4 ,! REPRESSION CONT9U$ 9TO ! #a#i#dS4 ,BECAUSE AN>*I/S W]E SO C5TRAL TO !SE REVOLTS1 !Y W]E V]Y HEAVILY HIT BY ! REPRESSION4 ,! WORLD REVOLUTION ( #a#i#a#f-#b#b WAS MET BY A WORLD C\NT]-REVOLUTION 9 ! #a#i#bS & #a#i#cS4 ,FROM ! E>LY #a#i#bS1 ! C\NT]-REVOLUTION USUALLY TOOK ! =M ( FASCISM 7,NAZISM74 ,FASCISM IS AN EXTREME RI FASCI/ MOVEM5TS & DICTATOR%IPS SWEPT ! WORLD 9 ! #a#i#bS & #a#i#cS4 ,MO/ ( ,EUROPE1 AS WELL AS ,LAT9 ,AM]ICA & ,JAPAN1 FELL UND] FASCI/ RULE4 ,BY ! E>LY #a#i#cS1 NE>LY ALL AFFILIATES ( ! ,9T]NATIONAL ,WORK]S ,ASSOCIATION HAD BE5 DRIV5 UND]GR\ND4 ,RESI/+ ,FASCI/ ,B>B>ISM ,! AN>*I/S W]E AT ! =EFRONT ( RESI/ANCE TO FASCISM4 ,UNLIKE ! LIB]ALS & ! RE=MI/1 !Y DID NOT BELIEVE 9 MAK+ COMPROMISES ) ! FASCI/S4 ,UNLIKE ! LIB]ALS & RE=MI/S1 !Y DID NOT CALL ON ! GOV]NM5T TO /OP ! FASCI/S4 ,!Y KNEW ?AT ! GOV]NM5T & ! BOSSES' W]E SUPPORT+ ! RISE ( FASCISM4 ,! AN>*I/S KNEW ?AT ONLY WORK]S ACTION - ON ! /REETS & 9 ! WORKPALCE - C\LD /OP FASCISM4 ,9 ,ITALY1 ! AN>*I/S S\TY4 ,9 ,BULG>IA1 ! AN>*I/S LAUN*$ AN >M$ RIS+ AGA9/ ! FASCI/ DICTATOR%IP 9 #a#i#b#c4 ,9 ,PORTUGAL1 ! AN>*I/S ORGANIZ$ P[]FUL UND]GR\ND TRADE UNIONS4 ,9 ,JAPAN1 ! AN>*I/S WORK$ ALONGSIDE O!R LEFT-W+ =CES1 BUT W]E DRIV5 UND]GR\ND 9 #a#i#c#e4 ,9 ,SPA91 AN>*I/_/SYNDICALI/ RESI/ANCE TO FASCISM SP>K$ A WORK]-PEASANT REVOLUTION & A CIVIL W> 9 #a#i#c#f4 ,! ,SPANI% ,REVOLUTION IS DISCUSS$ 9 DETAIL 9 ! NEXT *APT]4 ,*APT] #i3 ,! ,SPANI% ,REVOLUTION1 #a#i#c#f-#g ,AN>*O-SYNDICALISM HAD A LONG & PR\D HI/ORY 9 ,SPA94 ,9 FACT1 ! ,SPANI% CITY ( ,B>CELONA WAS (T5 CALL$ 0! FI]Y ROSE ( ,AN>*ISM04 ,9 #a#i#a#a1 ! AN>*I/S HELP$ E/ABLI% ! ,NATIONAL ,CONF$]ATION ( ,LABOR 7,C,N,T74 ,! ,C,N,T ,! ,C,N,T WAS A AN>*I/ TRADE UNION F$]ATION4 ,IT AIM$ FIR/LY TO FIY TRADE UNION HAD NE>LY #b11 MEMB]S 9 #a#i#c#f4 ,! ,C,N,T WAS ESPECIALLY /RONG 9 9DU/RIAL >EAS1 SU* AS ! PROV9CE ( ,CATALONIA & ITS CAPITAL ,B>CELONA4 ,BUT ! ,C,N,T ALSO HAD A L>GE BASE AMONG DAY LABOR]S & SMALL PEASANTS 9 MO/ PROV9CES4 ,! ,C,N,T ORGANIZ$ ITSELF FROM ! PLACE ( WORK4 ,EA* WORKPLACE JO9$ 9 A F$]ATION ) O!R WORKPLACES 9 !IR REGION TO =M A REGIONAL COMMITTEE4 ,!SE REGIONAL COMMITTEES W]E !N F$]AT$ ON A NATIONAL BASIS & =M$ A NATIONAL COMMITTEE4 ,)9 EA* P>TICUL> 9DU/RY !RE WAS ALSO A REGIONAL & NATIONAL F$]ATION4 ,ASSEMBLIES ( WORK]S W]E ! CORE ( ! ,C,N,T4 ,!SE MADE ! DECISIONS & ELECT$ DELEGATES TO REGIONAL & NATIONAL LEVEL4 ,ALL DELEGATES C\LD BE RECALL$ & REPLAC$ BY ! ASSEMBLY IF ! MEMB]S W]E NOT SATISFI$ ) !IR CONDUCT4 ,?US NO DECISIONS C\LD BE MADE )\T CONSULT+ ! RANK & FILE MEMB]%IP4 ,!RE W]E NO FULL-TIME UNION BUREAUCRATS BEYOND ! CONTROL ( ! WORK]S4 ,! NUMB] ( FULL-TIME (FICIALS WAS M9IMAL4 ,!Y W]E ELECT$ = SPECIFI$ P]IODS AFT] :I* !Y HAD TO /& D[N & RETURN TO !IR PREVI\S JOB4 ,AT ALL TIMES !Y W]E SUBJECT TO CONTROL BY ! RANK & FILE4 ,! AN>*I/S DID NOT RE/RICT !IR ACTIVITIES TO ! WORKPLACE & ! TRADE UNIONS4 ,! AN>*I/S ALSO ORGANIZ$ AN AN>*I/ POLITICAL ORGANIZATION CALL$ ! ,AN>*I/ ,F$]ATION ( ,IB]IA 7,F,A,I74 ,! ,F,A,I WORK$ )9 ! ,C,N,T TO DEF5D AN>*I/ IDEAS4 ,! AN>*I/S ORGANIZ$ R5T BOYCOTTS 9 POOR >EAS 9 ,B>CELONA4 ,! AN>*I/S SET UP Y\? & WOM5'S ORGANIZATIONS4 ,! AN>*I/S ORGANIZ$ WORK]S C5T]S & WORK]S S*OOLS4 ,FASCISM ,! RI* & P[]FUL W]E V]Y WORRI$ AB\T ! P[] ( ! ,C,N,T4 ,!Y HAD TRI$ TO BAN IT 9 ! #a#i#bS1 BUT IT UNBANN$ ITSELF4 ,!Y HAD TRI$ TO MURD] ITS LEAD]S1 BUT ,F,A,I & ,C,N,T MILITANTS HAD F\LY #a#i#cS 7AT ?IS TIME1 ! GOV]NM5T 9CLUD$ ! SO-CALL$ ,SOCIALI/ ,P>TY74 ,BUT ! ,C,N,T CONT9U$ TO GR[4 ,:OLE SECTIONS ( ! RUL+ CLASS TURN$ TO FASCISM4 ,P[]FUL FIGURES 9 ! ,*UR*1 BIG BUS9ESS1 & ! >MY BEGAN TO PREP>E A FASCI/ SEIZURE ( P[]4 ,! BOSSES WANT$ A DICTATOR%IP :I* C\LD CRU% ! ,C,N,T & ! WORK+-CLASS4 ,JULY #a#i1 #aicf ,9 ,JULY #a#i#c#f1 A COALITION ( LEFT-W+ P>TIES WON ! ELECTIONS4 ,! COALITION WAS CALL$ ! ,POPUL> ,FRONT1 & CLAIM$ TO BE OPPOS$ TO FASCISM4 ,9 RESPONSE1 ! FASCI/S S\TS ( ,SPA94 ,BUT 9 MO/ >EAS !Y W]E DEFEAT$4 ,! ,C,N,T & ! ,F,A,I W]E AT ! =EFRONT ( ORGANIZ+ ! WORK]S & PEASANTS TO SMA% ! FASCI/S (F ! /REETS4 ,A ,CIVIL ,W> BROKE \T BETWE5 ! FASCI/-CONTROLL$ >EAS & ! ANTI-FASCI/ >EAS 7SOMETIMES CALL$ ! 0,REPUBLICAN0 ZONE74 ,! ANTI-FASCI/ ZONE WAS DEF5D$ BY ! ,C,N,T & BY ! ,POPUL> ,FRONT GOV]NM5T4 ,SOCIAL ,REVOLUTION ,! AN>*I/S SAID ?AT ! WORK+ MASSES FAC$ A *OICE3 FASCISM OR REVOLUTION4 ,= ! AN>*I/S1 ! #ai ( ,JULY #aicf M>K$ ! />T ( ! REVOLUTION4 ,! AN>*I/S W]E ! MO/ POPUL> GR\P AMONG ! WORK]S4 ,EV5 ! ,COMMUNI/ P>TY HAD LESS ?AN #c1 MEMB]S4 ,! AN>*I/S & ! ,C,N,T ORGANIZ$ ! WORK]S & ! PEASANTS TO />T SEIZ+ FACTORIES & CAPITALI/ F>MS4 ,WORK]S TOOK OV] ! FACTORIES4 ,9 ,CATALONIA !RE W]E AT LEA/ #b1 9DU/RIAL & COMM]CIAL FACTORY COLLECTIVES4 ,AT LEA/ #f.0 ( AGRICULTURE 9 ! ANTI-FASCI/ >EAS WAS TAK5 OV] BY ! PEASANTS & F>MWORK]S4 ,SELF-,MANAGEM5T 9 ! ,FACTORIES ,! WORKPLACES TAK5 OV] BY ! WORK]S' W]E PLAC$ UND] WORK]S SELF-MANAGEM5T4 ,9 EA* 0COLLECTIVIZ$0 FACTORY1 ! WORK]S ELECT$ A FACTORY COMMITTEE = ADM9I/RATION4 ,9 EA* 9DU/RY1 ALL ! COLLECTIVIZ$ 5T]PRISES W]E REPRES5T$ 9 AN ,ECONOMIC ,F$]ATION4 ,! ,ECONOMIC ,F$]ATION WAS TOPP$ BY A ,G5]AL ,9DU/RIAL ,C\NCIL :I* CONTROLL$ ! :OLE 9DU/RY4 ,H]E IS A DESCRIPTION ( H[ ! WORK]S RAN ! GAS1 ELECTRICITY1 & WAT] 9DU/RY 9 ,B>CELONA3 0,EA* TYPE ( JOB 7E4G4 FITT]S7 SET UP A SECTION CONSI/+ ( AT LEA/ FIFTE5 WORK]S ,:]E !Y W]E NOT ! NUMB]S TO DO ?IS WORK]S FROM DIFF]5T TRADES GOT TOGE!R TO CON/ITUTE A G5]AL SECTION4 ,EA* SECTION NOM9ATES TWO DELEGATES :I* >E *OS5 BY ASSEMBLIES ( ! WORK]S4 ,ONE ( ! DELEGATES WILL BE ( A TE*NICAL CALIB] & WILL P>TICIPATE 9 ! 0COMITE0 ( ! WORKPLACE4 ,! O!R WILL BE 5TRU/$ ) ! MANAGEM5T ( WORK 9 ! SECTION4 ,! 0COMITE0 ( ! BUILD+ OR PLANT COMES NEXT4 ,IT IS NOM9AT$ BY ! DELEGATES ( ! SECTIONS & CONSI/S ( A TE*NICIAN1 A MANUAL WORK] & AN ADM9I/RATOR4 ,! MANUAL WORK] HAS TO SOLVE DIFFICULTIES :I* MIISE BETWE5 DIFF]5T SECTIONS4 ,HE OR %E RECEIVES SUGGE/IONS FROM WORK]S 9 ! DIFF]5T TRADES & ! SECTIONS GIVE HIM OR H] DAILY REPORTS ON ! PROGRESS ( WORK4 ,P]IODICALLY ! DELEGATE CALLS ! SECTIONS TO G5]AL MEET+S4 ,AT !SE1 PROPOSALS & 9ITIATIVES :I* >E LIKELY TO IMPROVE PRODUCTION & PRODUCTIVITY >E /UDI$ AS WELL AS ONES TO IMPROVE ! WORK]S' SITUATION4 ,A COPY ( ! DELIB]ATION IS S5T TO ! ,C\NCIL = ,9DU/RY4 ,! DELEGATES ) ADM9I/RATIVE FUNCTIONS SUP]VISES ! >RIVAL & W>EH\S+ ( MAT]IALS1 RECORDS REQUIREM5T DETAILS ) BOOK-KEEP+ = SUPPLIES & RES]VES1 & KEEPS AN EYE ON ! /ATE ( 9COME & EXP5DITURE4 ,S_/,HE ALSO DEALS ) CORRESPOND5CE & IT IS HIS_/H] RESPONSIBILITY TO SEE ?AT BALANCE %EETS & REPORTS ADDRESS$ TO ! ,C\NCIL = ,9DU/RY >E PREP>$4 ,! DELEGATE ) TE*NICAL FUNCTIONS SUP]VISES ! ACTIVITIES ( HIS SECTION1 & USES EV]Y 5DEAVOR TO 9CREASE PRODUCTIVITY4 TO LIES /ATI/ICS & *>TS 9DICAT+ H[ PRODUCTION IS DEVELOP+4 ,AT ! SUMMIT !RE >E ! ,C\NCILS ( ,9DU/RY4 ,ONE EA* = GAS1 ELECTRICITY & WAT]4 ,EA* IS COMPOS$ ( EIE CAPP$ BY ! ,G5]AL ,C\NCIL ( ! ?REE 9DU/RIES1 :I* IS ALSO MADE UP BY EICELONA ,! TRANSPORT UNION ( ! ,C,N,T SET UP A COMMITTEE TO TAKE OV] ! ADM9I/RATIVE (FICES4 ,IT ALSO SET UP A COMMITTEE TO 9SPECT ! TRACKS & DRAW UP PLANS = REPAIRS4 ,FIVE DAYS AFT] ! FIS1 9/EAD ( ! USUAL #f1 W]E OP]AT+4 ,ALL W]E PA9T$ 9 ! BLACK & R$ COLORS ( ! ,C,N,T4 ,) ! PR(IT MOTIVE GONE1 SAFETY BECAME MORE IMPORTANT4 ,! NUMB] ( ACCID5TS WAS R$UC$4 ,F>ES W]E L[]$ & S]VICES IMPROV$4 ,9 #a#i#c#f1 #a#h#c1#e#d#c1#e#a#f PASS5G]S W]E C>RI$4 ,9 #aicg ?IS HAD GONE UP BY #e MILLION4 ,! TRAMS W]E RUNN+ SO EFFICI5TLY ?AT ! WORK]S W]E ABLE TO GIVE MONEY TO O!R SECTIONS ( URBAN TRANSPORT4 ,WAGES W]E EQUALIZ$ = ALL WORK]S & 9CREAS$ OV] ! PREVI\S RATES4 ,= ! FIR/ TIME FREE M$ICAL C>E WAS PROVID$ = ! WORK=CE4 ,AS WELL AS GIV+ A MORE EFFICI5T S]VICE ! WORK]S F\ND TIME TO PRODUCE ROCKETS & H[ITZ]S = ! W> EF=T4 ,9 ! ?REE YE>S ( COLLECTIVIZATION !RE W]E ONLY SIX CASES 9 :I* WORK]S /OLE FROM ! WORK%OPS4 ,ON ! ,L& ,! C\NTRYSIDE ALSO SAW COLLECTIVIZATION4 ,= EXAMPLE1 9 ,>AGON1 A PROV9CE :I* WAS NE> ! W> FRONT-L9E1 COLLECTIVIZATION TOOK ROOT & SPREAD LIKE WILDFIRE4 ,9 ,FEBRU>Y #aicg !RE W]E #bge COLLECTIVES TOTAL+ #h1 MEMB]S4 ,?REE MON?S LAT] !RE W]E #de COLLECTIVES ) #a#h1 MEMB]S4 ,L>GE E/ATES W]E TAK5 OV] BY L&LESS LABOR]S4 ,SMALL PEASANTS PUT !IR L& TOGE!R SO ?AT IT C\LD BE WORK$ MORE EFFICI5TLY ) MA*9ES4 ,! COLLECTIVES W]E BAS$ >\ND ! VILLAGES & F$]AT$ ON A REGIONAL BASIS4 ,USUALLY ! DECISION TO COLLECTIVIZE WAS MADE AT A MASS MEET+4 ,ALL L&1 LIVE/OCK1 TOOLS1 SE$1 /OCKS ( :EAT & O!R PRODUCE WAS GIV5 OV] TO ! COLLECTIVE4 ,! L& WAS !N DIVID$ 9TO SECTORS4 ,EA* SECTOR WAS ASSIGN$ TO A WORK GR\P ( AB\T #ab :O ELECT$ !IR [N DELEGATE4 ,ALL PRODUCTS W]E COMMUNALLY [N$4 ,SOME W]E US$ = LOCAL NE$S1 O!RS W]E US$ = EX*ANGE ) O!R COLLECTIVES4 ,PEOPLE :O DID NOT WANT TO JO9 ! COLLECTIVES W]E NOT =C$ TO4 ,!Y W]E GIV5 5\< L& TO F>M ON1 BUT W]E =BIDD5 TO HIRE WORK]S 7BECAUSE ?IS W\LD RE9TRODUCE A =M ( CAPITALISM74 ,9 ! VILLAGES !MSELVES1 COLLECTIVE WORK%OPS W]E SET UP TO PRODUCE TOOLS1 FURNITURE1 REPAIRS & SO ON = ! VILLAGE4 ,! CONDITIONS ( RURAL WORK]S & WORK+ PEASANTS WAS IMPROV$ BY ! 9TRODUCTION ( MA*9]Y4 ,LIV+ /&>DS ROSE1 9 ! WORDS ( ONE COLLECTIVI/ 0?OSE :O HAD LESS N[ ATE MORE & BETT] - NO ONE W5T %ORT04 ,$UCATION BECAME A C5TRAL CONC]N4 ,Y\NG *ILDR5 :O HAD NEV] BE5 TO S*OOL W]E GIV5 ! $UCATION D5I$ TO !M BY ! L&LORDS4 ,! ,WORK]S ,MILITIA ,9 ! E>LY DAYS ( ! REVOLUTION1 ! >M$ =CES ( ! ,/ATE HAD COLLAPS$4 ,9 !IR PLACE1 ! AN>*I/S1 ! ,C,N,T1 & O!R LEFT =CES ORGANIZ$ ! >M$ WORK]S & PEASANTS 9TO A DEMOCRATIC WORK]S MILITIA4 ,!RE W]E #a#e1 VOLUNTE]S WILL+ TO FIT 9 ! ANTI-FASCI/ RESI/ANCE4 ,WOM5 W]E EV]Y:]E - ON ! WORK]S COMMITTEES1 9 ! MILITIAS1 & FI*I/ WOM5'S ORGANIZATION1 ,MUJ]ES ,LIBRES 7,FREE ,WOM57 HAD #c1 MEMB]S4 ,MUJ]ES ,LIBRES ORGANIZ$ WORK+-CLASS WOM54 ,IT /OOD = CLASS /RUGGLE4 ,IT WORK$ CLOSELY ) ! ,C,N,T1 ,F,A,I & ! AN>*I/ Y\? ORGANIZATION4 ,MUJ]ES ,LIBRES HAD BE5 ACTIVE BE=E ! REVOLUTION4 ,IT ORGANIZ$ WOM5 WORK]S & DI/RIBUT$ 9=MATION ON CONTRACEPTION4 ,DUR+ ! W> ABORTION WAS LEGALIZ$ 9 ! ANTI-FASCI/ ZONE4 ,C5T]S W]E OP5$ = WOM51 9CLUD+ UNM>RI$ MO!RS & PRO/ITUTES4 ,FROM ALL ACC\NTS !RE TRULY W]E *ANGES 9 ATTITUDES T[>DS WOM54 ,ONE WOMAN P>TICIPANT 9 ! ,CIVIL ,W> HAS SAID3 ,IT WAS LIKE BE+ BRO!RS & SI/]S4 ,IT HAD ALWAYS ANNOY$ ME ?AT M5 9 ?IS C\NTRY DIDN'T CONSID] WOM5 AS BE+S ) FULL HUMAN RIOSE SPONTANE\SLY \T ( ! REVOLUTION>Y MOVEM5T4 ,?IS SORT ( ?+ IS COMMON TO MO/ REVOLUTION>Y SITUATIONS4 ,:5 PEOPLE BEG9 TO ?R[ (F ! OLD IDEAS & />T CREAT+ A NEW SOCIETY !IR VIEWS ON MANY ?+S *ANGE4 ,?IS DOES NOT TAKE AWAY ! NE$ TO CON/ANTLY FI & CRU%$ ! ,C,N,T4 ,H[ C\LD ?IS HAPP58 ,! FASCI/S W]E BACK$ BY P[]FUL 9T]E/S1 9CLUD+ ,NAZI ,G]MANY & ,FASCI/ ,ITALY4 ,! AN>*I/S MADE MI/AKES4 ,9/EAD ( ORGANIZ+ ! WORK+ CLASS & WORK+ PEASANTS TO TAKE FULL P[]1 !Y TRI$ TO UNITE ALL ANTI-FASCI/ =CES4 ,?IS REQUIR$ MANY COMPROMISES :I* =C$ ! ,C,N,T TO HOLD BACK ON ITS FULL PROGRAM4 ,9 FACT1 ! ,C,N,T EV5 S5T ,M9I/]S 9TO ! ,POPUL> ,FRONT GOV]NM5T 9 ! ANTI-FASCI/ ZONE4 ,BUT GOV]NM5T EXI/S TO DEFEAT ! WORK]S4 ,! ,POPUL> ,FRONT GOV]NM5T WAS OPPOS$ TO ! COLLECTIVES & ! WORK]S >MY4 ,FROM AN E>LY /AGE IT TRI$ TO BR+ !M UND] ,/ATE CONTROL4 ,IT SABOTAG$ ! WORK]S MILITIA BY NOT SUPPLY+ IT ) WEAPONS4 ,IT UND]M9$ ! COLLECTIVES & S5T ! POLICE & ! >MY TO SMA% ! COLLECTIVES4 ,?IS DEMORALIZ$ ! WORK]S4 ,! WORK]S C\LD NOT SEE ! PO9T ( FITY WAS 9 ! ,POPUL> ,FRONT4 ,IT PLAY$ A L>GE P>T 9 UND]M+ ! MILITIA & ! COLLECTIVES4 ,! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY WAS OPPOS$ TO AN>*ISM4 ,! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY WANT$ TO PREV5T A REVOLUTION1 BECAUSE ?IS W\LD HAVE 9CREAS$ ,WE/]N AGGRESSION AGA9/ ,RUSSIA4 ,LESSONS ( ! ,SPANI% ,REVOLUTION ,GIV5 ! RI ,FRONT BE /OPP$4 ,*APT] #a3 ,A ,WORLD TO ,W9 ,AFT] ,WORLD ,W> ,TWO ,) ! DEFEAT ( ! ,SPANI% ,REVOLUTION1 ON ( ! BIGGE/ AN>*I/ ORGANIZATIONS 9 ! WORLD HAD BE5 DRIV5 UND]GR\ND4 ,BY #a#i#c#i1 FASCISM WAS TRIUMPHANT 9 ALMO/ ALL 9DEP5D5T C\NTRIES4 ,9 ! COLONIES1 DICTATORIAL =MS ( GOV]NM5T W]E COMMON4 ,! /AGE WAS SET = ,WORLD ,W> ,TWO 9 #a#i#c#i4 ,WORLD ,W> ,TWO WAS A W> BETWE5 FASCI/ & DEMOCRATIC ,/ATES4 ,ON ! ONE SIDE W]E ! ,ALLI$ 0DEMOCRATIC P[]S03 ! ,U,S,A1 ,FRANCE1 & ,BRITA91 ,RUSSIA & !IR ALLIES4 ,ON ! O!R SIDE W]E ! ,AXIS P[]S3 FASCI/ ,ITALY1 FASCI/ ,JAPAN1 & ,NAZI ,G]MANY4 ,WORLD ,W> ,TWO WAS NOT A W> TO 5D FASCISM4 ,FASCI/ C\NTRIES SU* AS ,PORTUGAL & ,SPA9 :I* /AY$ AFT] ! W> W]E LEFT ALONE4 ,!Y REMA9$ FASCI/ UNTIL ! #a#i#gS4 ,AS = ! 0DEMOCRATIC0 C\NTRIES1 ,FRANCE & ,BRITA9 BO? HAD VA/ COLONIAL EMPIRES RUN BY RACI/ DICTATOR%IPS4 ,& ! ,RUSSIAN GOV]NM5T WAS SIMIL> 9 MO/ WAYS TO A FASCI/ GOV]NM5T4 ,WORLD ,W> ,TWO WAS A W> BETWE5 RIVAL RUL+ CLASSES = WORLD P[]4 ,AN>*I/S AGA9/ ,W> & ,FASCISM ,9 ,WORLD ,W> ,TWO1 ! AN>*I/S FAC$ FUR!R REPRESSION4 ,NAZI ,G]MANY & FASCI/ ,ITALY OCCUPI$ L>GE P>TS ( ,EUROPE :I* W]E NOT PREVI\SLY UND] FASCISM1 SU* AS ,FRANCE1 ,HOLL& & ,POL&4 ,FASCI/ ,JAPAN EXT5D$ ITS CONQUE/S 9 S\? ,ASIA1 & 9CREAS$ REPRESSION 9 C\NTRIES SU* AS ,KOREA4 ,>M$ UND]GR\ND AN>*I/ RESI/ANCE GR\PS W]E ACTIVE ?R\<\T ! W>4 ,! AN>*I/S ORGANIZ$ GU]RILLA ACTION AGA9/ ! FASCI/S 9 ,ITALY1 ,FRANCE1 ,POL&1 ,BULG>IA1 ,UKRA9E & ,KOREA4 ,9 ,SPA91 AN>*I/ GU]RILLA ACTIVITY CONT9U$ 9TO ! #a#i#gS4 ,! ,W> 5D$ ) ! DEFEAT ( ! FASCI/ OR 0,AXIS0 P[]S 9 #a#i#d#e4 ,9 ,ITALY1 AN>*I/ GU]RILLA =CES W]E 9VOLV$ 9 ! L& SEIZURES ?AT TOOK PLACE AFT] ! W>4 ,BUT ! L& SEIZURES W]E DEFEAT$ BY ! COMB9$ =CES ( ! ,ITALIAN ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY & ! ,ALLI$ C\NTRIES4 ,RUSSIA OCCUPI$ MO/ ( ,EA/]N ,EUROPE1 AS WELL AS ,EA/ ,G]MANY1 AFT] #a#i#d#e4 ,! ,RUSSIAN GOV]NM5T WAS DET]M9$ TO WIPE \T AN>*ISM 9 ! >EA IT CONTROLL$4 ,9 ,BULG>IA1 ! AN>*I/ MOVEM5T GREW RAPIDLY AFT] #a#i#d#e4 ,BUT IT WAS REPRESS$ BY ! ,RUSSIAN-BACK$ ,BULG>IAN ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY 9 #a#i#d#h4 ,HUNDR$S W]E EXECUT$ OR S5T TO CONC5TRATION CAMPS4 ,AN>*I/S 9 O!R ,EA/ ,EUROPEAN C\NTRIES1 AS WELL AS 9 ,*9A1 ,NOR? ,KOREA1 &1 LAT]1 ,CUBA1 %>$ A SIMIL> FATE4 ,! #a#i#eS3 0,! ,D>K ,DECADE0 ,REEL+ UND] ! HAMM] BL[S ( FASCISM & COMMUNISM1 AN>*ISM WAS AT ITS WEAKE/ 9 ! #a#i#dS & #a#i#eS ,!RE WAS ONLY ONE FUNCTION+ TRADE UNION LEFT 9 ! ,9T]NATIONAL ,WORK]S ,ASSOCIATION4 ,?IS WAS ! ,S,A,C 9 ,SW$5 - ,SW$5 WAS NOT TAK5 OV] BY FASCISM4 ,BECAUSE ,RUSSIA HAD PLAY$ AN IMPORTANT ROLE 9 ,WORLD ,W> ,TWO1 ! POPUL>ITY ( ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TIES GREW4 ,?IS FUR!R WEAK5$ AN>*ISM4 ,! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TIES & ! RE=MI/ SOCIALI/S CAME TO DOM9ATE ! SOCIALI/ MOVEM5T4 ,AN>*ISM WAS M>G9AL$ 9 MASS /RUGGLES 9 ?IS P]IOD4 ,IT WAS ONLY ABLE TO PLAY A LIMIT$ ROLE 9 ! ANTI-COLONIAL /RUGGLES ?AT TOOK PLACE AFT] #a#i#d#e4 ,IT WAS H[EV]1 9VOLV$ 9 ! DECOLONIZATION ( ,KOREA1 & ! /RUGGLE TO LIB]ATE ,ALG]IA 9 ! #a#i#eS4 ,! ,REBIR? ,BUT AN>*ISM WAS F> FROM DEAD4 ,IT REEM]G$ 9 ! /UD5T & WORK] REVOLTS ?AT TOOK PLACE 9 ! LATE #a#i#fS4 ,AN>*ISM WAS P>TICUL>LY PROM95T 9 ! ,MAY #aifh UPRIS+ 9 ,FRANCE4 ,9 ,MAY & ,JUNE #a#i#f#h1 A MASS /UD5T PROTE/ SPIRAL$ 9TO A G5]AL /RIKE & FACTORY OCCUPATION MOVEM5T ?AT 9VOLV$ T5 MILLION WORK]S4 ,PR$ICTABLY1 ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY 7:I* !N CONTROLL$ ! ,C,G,T7 DID ITS BE/ TO HELP BREAK ! REVOLUTION4 ,AN>*I/S ALSO PLAY$ A ROLE 9 /UD5T-WORK] /RUGGLES 9 ,JAPAN1 ,MEXICO & ! ,U,S,A4 ,9 ! #a#i#gS1 ! MOVEM5T GREW MU* MORE RAPIDLY4 ,ONE BIG REASON WAS ?AT ! FASCI/ DICTATOR%IP 9 ,SPA9 COLLAPS$ 9 ! MID-#a#i#gS4 ,?IS ALL[$ ! ,C,N,T TO ORGANIZE OP5LY4 ,! ,C,N,T SOON RECRUIT$ SEV]AL HUNDR$ ?\S& MEMB]S4 ,! ,9T]NATIONAL ,WORK]S ,ASSOCIATION ALSO BEGAN TO REVIVE4 ,9 ! #a#i#hS & #a#i#iS1 ! MOVEM5T GREW RAPIDLY4 ,OLD] ORGANIZATIONS HAVE BE5 REVIV$4 ,AN>*I/ ORGANIZATIONS HAVE EM]G$ 9 C\NTRIES :]E NO SU* TRADITION PREVI\SLY EXI/$ 7= EXAMPLE1 ,TURKEY & ,NIG]IA74 ,TODAY1 !RE >E ORGANIZATIONS ?R\<\T ,EUROPE1 ,NOR? ,AM]ICA1 ,LAT9 ,AM]ICA1 & A NUMB] ( ,ASIAN & ,AFRICAN C\NTRIES4 ,9 SOME ( !SE C\NTRIES !Y >E ! ONLY1 OR AT LEA/ ! BIGGE/ =CE ON ! REVOLUTION>Y LEFT4 ,?IS IS ! CASE 9 ,V5EZUALA4 ,! ,9T]NATIONAL ,WORK]S ,ASSOCIATION N[ HAS #ah MEMB] SECTIONS4 ,AN>*I/S W]E AMONG ! FIR/ SECTIONS ( ! LEFT TO RESUME ACTIVITY 9 ,EA/]N ,EUROPE4 ,AN>*I/S HELD ! FIR/ OPPOSITION M>* 9 ,MOSC[ S9CE ! #a#i#bS ON ! #bh ,MAY #a#i#h#h3 ! M>* WAS UND] A BANN] /AT+ 0,FRE$OM )\T ,SOCIALISM IS ,PRIVILEGE & ,9JU/ICE - ,SOCIALISM )\T ,FRE$OM IS ,SLAV]Y & ,BRUTALITY04 ,?IS IS A QUOTE FROM ,BAKUN94 ,GR\PS HAVE EM]G$ ?R\<\T ,C5TRAL & ,EA/]N ,EUROPE & ,RUSSIA4 ,AN>*I/S >E ACTIVE 9 ! REPUBLICS ( =M] ,YUGOSLAVIA1 :]E !Y HAVE BEGUN TO CO-OP]ATE AGA9/ ! W>4 ,! ,CRISIS ( ,M>XISM ,! GR[? ( AN>*ISM IS A REAL CONTRA/ TO ! SITUATION ( O!R SECTIONS ( ! LEFT4 ,! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TIES & ! P>TIES ( ! RE=MI/ SOCIALI/S - ,SOCIAL-,DEMOCRATS & ,LABOR ,P>TIES - HAVE BE5 9 RAPID DECL9E S9CE ! #a#i#hS4 ,BUT AN>*ISM HAS REE/ABLI%$ ITSELF & />T$ TO GR[4 ,WE HAVE A FIRM BASE FROM :I* TO GR[4 ,WE HAVE A FIRM BASE FROM :I* TO REE/ABLI% \RSELVES AS ! KEY REVOLUTION>Y MOVEM5T 9 ! TW5TY-FIR/ C5TURY4 ,TO DO ?IS1 WE MU/ LE>N FROM ! MI/AKES ( \R PA/1 & IMM]SE \RSELVES 9 ! /RUGGLES ( ! MASSES4 ,BREAD1 & ,ROSES TOO ,HI/ORY IS NOT NEUTRAL4 ,9 S*OOL WE >E TOLD ?AT WE NE$ GOV]NM5TS & BOSSES4 ,WE >E TOLD ?AT HI/ORY IS A /RUGGLE BETWE5 DIFF]5T GOV]NM5TS4 ,WE >E TOLD ?AT ONLY ! RI* & P[]FUL MAKE HI/ORY4 ,:AT WE >E NOT TOLD IS ?AT ORD9>Y PEOPLE HAVE F\E NOT TOLD ?AT GOV]NM5TS & CAPITALISM >E NOT NECESS>Y4 ,PEOPLE >E NOT 9H]5TLY BAD4 ,GIV5 ! RIE TAK5 AWAY1 !N ! 0GOODNESS0 ?AT IS 9 MO/ ( US COMES ?R\< & FL\RI%ES AS IT DID :5 ! WORK]S HELD ! REIGNS 9 ,RUSSIA & ,SPA94 ,JO9 ,US6 ,:AT AN>*I/S >E SAY+ >E NOT JU/ 0NICE0 IDEAS4 ,HI/ORY %[S US ?AT !SE IDEAS CAN WORK4 ,A NEW SOCIETY CAN BE CREAT$ ) ! WORK]S & WORK+ PEASANTS 9 CONTROL4 ,BUT IT WON'T HAPP5 SPONTANE\SLY - ,WE MU/ ORGANIZE = IT4 ,?AT IS :Y WE NE$ REVOLUTION>Y ORGANIZATION4 ,AN ORGANIZATION ?AT DRAWS TOGE!R ALL ?OSE FIN FROM ! LESSONS ( HI/ORY4 ,WE DO NOT NE$ A GR\P ( LEAD]S & !IR PASSIVE FOLL[]S4 ,WE DO NOT NE$ A SO-CALL$ 0VANGU>D P>TY0 DICTAT+ FROM ON HI<4 ,:AT WE NE$ IS AN ORGANIZATION WORK+ T[>DS MOBILIZ+ ! MASS ( ORD9>Y PEOPLE 9 ! PROCESS ( MAK+ ! REVOLUTION4 ,IF Y\ LIKE :AT Y\ HAVE JU/ READ1 IF Y\ WANT TO BE P>T ( ! FA/E/ GR[+ MOVEM5T ON ! LEFT1 Y\ %\LD ?9K AB\T JO9+ US4 ,SELECT$ ,S\RCES3 ,BAKUN93 ,A,C,F1 ,BASIC ,BAKUN94 ,R4,B4 ,SALTMAN1 ,! ,SOCIAL & ,POLITICAL ,?\*ISM4 ,RUSSIA3 ,ALL FIGURES CIT$ 9 ?IS SECTION >E FROM ! >TICLES 9 ,H4 ,%UKMAN 7$ITOR71 ,! ,BLACKWELL ,5CYCLOP$IA ( ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION4 ,SEE PP4 #b#i1 #a#f#f1#a#g#e1#a#g#g1 #a#h#b1 #a#h#d1 #a#h#g4 ,QUOTES >E 93 ,M4 ,BR9TON1 ,! ,BOL%EVIKS & ,WORK]S ,CONTROL1 PAGE #f#a1 #a#c4 ,L4,TROTSKY1 ,SO*9EYA1 ,MOSC[ #a#i#b#e1 P#h#i1 #b#c#f4 CIT$ 9 ,NOVE3 ,/UDIES 9 ,ECONOMICS & ,RUSSIA1 #a#i#i1 #aha ET SEQ4 ,L591 7#a#i#a#h71 ,! ,IMM$IATE ,TASKS ( ! ,SOVIET ,GOV]NM5T1 QUOT$ 9 ,D4 ,COHN-,B5DIT1 ,OBSOLETE ,COMMUNISM3 ! ,LEFT-,W+ ,ALT]NATIVE1 P#b#b#f4 ,H4 ,%UKMAN 7$471 ,! ,BLACKWELL ,5CYCLOP$IA ( ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION4 P4#a#h#b4 ,I4 ,GELTZ]1 ,KRON/ADT #a#i#a#g- #b#a3 ! ,FATE ( A ,SOVIET ,DEMOCRACY4 P4 #b#g4 ,P4 ,>*9OV1 ,HI/ORY ( ! ,MAKHNOVI/ ,MOVEM5T1 ,VOL9E1 ,! ,UNKN[N ,REVOLUTION ,M4 ,MALET1 ,NE/OR ,MAKHNO 9 ! ,RUSSIAN ,CIVIL ,W>4 ,NE/OR ,MAKHNO1 ,! ,/RUGGLE ,AGA9/ ! ,/ATE & ,O!R ,ESSAYS4 ,SPA93 ,D4 ,GU]91 ,AN>*ISM ,B4 ,BOLLOT51 ,! ,SPANI% ,REVOLUTION ,J4 ,PEIRATS1 ,! ,AN>*I/S 9 ! ,SPANI% ,REVOLUTION ,E4 ,CONLON1 ,AN>*ISM 9 ,ACTION3 ! ,SPANI% ,REVOLUTION ,M4 ,ACKELSB]G1 ,FREE ,WOM5 ( ,SPA94 ,QUOTES FROM3 ,G4 ,LEVAL4 ,COLLECTIVES 9 ! ,SPANI% ,REVOLUTION ,M>GORITA ,BALAGU] QUOT$ 9 ,BLOOD ( ,SPA91 $IT$ BY ,RONALD ,FRAS]4 PAGE #b#h#g4 ,FROM 3 ,!,AN>*I/,LIBR>Y4ORG4 ,*RONOLOGY 3 ,JANU>Y #b#b1 #bba 3 ,BREAK+ ! ,*A9S -- ,ADD$4 ,JANU>Y #f1 #bbb 3 ,BREAK+ ! ,*A9S -- ,UPDAT$4 FILE G5]AT$ FROM 3 HTTP3_/_/REVOLTLIB4COM_/