,BUILD+ ,WORK+ ,CLASS ,UNITY 9 ,S\? ,AFRICA 
,LESSONS FROM ,UNIT$ ,FRONTS 9 ,G]MANY1 ,ITALY & ,RUSSIA 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,JONA?AN ,PAYN 

,AU?OR 3 ,JAKES ,FACTORIA 

,AU?OR 3 ,T9A ,SIZOVUKA 

,AU?OR 3 ,W>R5 ,MC,GREGOR 

,TEXT 3 

,9TRODUCTION3 ,CLASS ,/RUGGLE1 ! ,LEFT & ,P[] 

,TW5TY-FIVE YE>S 9TO DEMOCRACY ! BLACK WORK+ CLASS MAJORITY 9 ,S\? ,AFRICA HAS NOT EXP]I5C$ ANY MEAN+FUL IMPROVEM5TS 9 ITS CONDITIONS4 ,! AP>!ID LEGACY ( UNEQUAL $UCATION1 HEAL?C>E & H\S+ & ! SUP]-EXPLOITATION ( BLACK WORK]S CONT9UES UND] ! ,A,N,C & IS P]PETUAT$ BY ! NEOLIB]AL POLICIES IT HAS IMPOS$4 

,!SE TR\BLES >E P>T ( ! WORLD'S TR\BLES2 ?IS NEOLIB]ALISM IS P>T ( GLOBAL NEOLIB]ALISM4 ,AS ! GLOBAL ECONOMIC CRISIS DEEP5S1 ! GLOBAL RUL+ CLASS IS MAK+ ! WORK+ CLASS PAY1 TRANSF]R+ ! CO/S TO WORK]S & ! POOR1 LEAD+ TO 9CREAS$ POV]TY1 UNEMPLOYM5T1 9EQUALITY & 9SECURITY4 ,& SO 9 ,S\? ,AFRICA NEOLIB]AL OPPRESSION IS PIL$ ON TOP ( NATIONAL OPPRESSION4 

,! ONLY =CE CAPABLE ( *ANG+ ?IS SITUATION IS ! WORK+ CLASS LOCALLY & 9T]NATIONALLY4 ,YET TO DO SO1 /RUGGLES NE$ TO COME TOGE!R1 NEW =MS ( ORGANIZATION APPROPRIATE TO ! CONTEXT >E NE$$2 & !Y NE$ BO? TO BE 9FUS$ ) A REVOLUTION>Y PROGRESSIVE POLITICS & TO LE>N FROM ! MI/AKES ( ! PA/4 

,SOME SU* /RUGGLES HAVE OCCURR$ OV] REC5T YE>S1 9CLUD+ ! HI/ORIC PLAT9UM M9EWORK]S' /RIKE & F>MWORK]S' /RIKE 9 #b#a#b2 BUT ! MANY /RUGGLES HAVE NOT YET PULL$ TOGE!R 9TO A NEW MOVEM5T4 

,\TSIDE ! ,A,N,C ALLIANCE1 !RE HAVE 9DE$ BE5 MANY EF=TS TO UNITE /RUGGLES - BUT !SE HAVE L>GELY FAIL$ TO RESONATE ) ! WORK+ CLASS 9 /RUGGLE & =M ! BASIS ( A NEW MOVEM5T4 

,NO:]E IS ?IS MORE EVID5T ?AN ) ! NEWLY-=M$ ,SOCIALI/ ,REVOLUTION>Y ,WORK]S ,P>TY 7,S,R,W,P7 - :I* GOT LESS ?AN #be # VOTES 9 ! NATIONAL ELECTIONS1 DESPITE ! FACT ?AT ! UNION ?AT CONCEIV$ IT1 ,NUMSA1 CLAIMS NE>LY #d # MEMB]S4 

,N,U,M,S,A'S ,NON-,MOM5T 

,:5 ! ,NATIONAL ,UNION ( ,METALWORK]S ( ,S\? ,AFRICA 7,NUMSA7 ANN\NC$ ITS RESOLUTIONS1 FOLL[+ ITS HI/ORIC #bac ,SPECIAL ,NATIONAL ,CONGRESS1 TO BREAK ) ! ,A,N,C & ,S,A,C,P & TO =M A 0,UNIT$ ,FRONT AGA9/ NEOLIB]ALISM01 MANY ON ! LEFT W]E HOPEFUL ?AT ?IS W\LD GIVE WORK+ CLASS MOVEM5TS ! NEW IDEOLOGICAL & ORGANIZATIONAL DIRECTION !Y NE$4 

,! ,UNIT$ ,FRONT1 ,NUMSA SAID1 WAS NOT AB\T BUILD+ A NEW ORGANIZATION1 P>TY OR LABOR F$]ATION BUT 0A WAY TO JO9 O!R ORGANIZATIONS 9 ACTION1 9 ! TR5*ES01 GA9+ COMMUNITY SUPPORT = ,NUMSA CAMPAIGNS & BUILD+ 0CONCRETE SUPPORT = O!R /RUGGLES ( ! WORK+ CLASS & ! POOR :]EV] & :5EV] !Y TAKE PLACE04 

,IT LOOK$ AS IF !RE HOPES W]E NOT MISPLAC$ :51 = EXAMPLE1 UNEMPLOY$ Y\? & COMMUNITY ACTIVI/S ACROSS ! C\NTRY RESPOND$ POSITIVELY TO ,NUMSA'S CALL BY SUPPORT+ ! #ai ,M>* #bad ACTIONS AGA9/ ! ,Y\? ,WAGE ,SUBSIDY4 ,BRAN*ES W]E SET UP &1 DESPITE 9ITIAL SKEPTICISM1 COMMUNITY ACTIVI/S JO9$4 

,BY ,AUGU/ #b#a#g1 H[EV]1 ! ,JOHANNESBURG BRAN* ( ! ,UNIT$ ,FRONT HAD DECL>$ ?AT1 0,AFT] ! 9ITIAL 5?USIASM1 !RE IS N[ A FEEL+ ! ,U,F HAS L>GELY COLLAPS$1 ) ONLY A C\PLE ( LOCAL /RUCTURES /ILL ACTIVE40 ,NUMSA HAD %IFT$ ITS FOCUS & RES\RCES TO E/ABLI%+ A 0,MOVEM5T = ,SOCIALISM0 BECAUSE 0! WORK+-CLASS NE$S A POLITICAL ORGANIZATION COMMITT$ 9 ITS POLICIES & ACTIONS TO ! E/ABLI%M5T ( A SOCIALI/ ,S\? ,AFRICA04 

,HAV+ GA9$ SOME COMMUNITY SUPPORT = ITS CAMPAIGNS1 9CLUD+ ! ,UNIT$ ,FRONT ITSELF1 ! SUCCESS ( ! ,UNIT$ ,FRONT 9 BUILD+ WORK+ CLASS UNITY GO+ =W>D DEP5D$ ON :E!R ,NUMSA W\LD RECIPROCATE BY PUTT+ ITS RES\RCES & CAPACITY AT ! S]VICE ( BUILD+ 0CONCRETE SUPPORT = O!R /RUGGLES ( ! WORK+ CLASS & ! POOR :]EV] & :5EV] !Y TAKE PLACE04 

,9/EAD1 ,NUMSA PUT ITS 5]GIES 9TO CALL+ = A NEW WORK]S' P>TY1 :ILE PRES5T+ ITSELF AS ! VANGU>D ( ! :OLE WORK+ CLASS1 & 9 SO DO+ MISS$ ITS MOM5T4 

,! ,S,R,W,P WON'T SET Y\ FREE 

,NUMSA UND]TOOK TO 0CONDUCT A ?OR\<GO+ DISCUSSION ON PREVI\S ATTEMPTS TO BUILD SOCIALISM AS WELL AS CURR5T EXP]IM5TS TO BUILD SOCIALISM0 & 0COMMISSION AN 9T]NATIONAL /UDY ON ! HI/ORICAL =MATION ( WORK+-CLASS P>TIES1 9CLUD+ EXPLOR+ DIFF]5T TYPE ( P>TIES - FROM MASS WORK]S' P>TIES TO VANGU>D P>TIES04 ,BUT IT ALREADY KNEW :AT IT WAS AIM+ =4 ,IT HAD SAID ?AT A NEW POLITICAL P>TY WAS ON ! C>DS - TO REPLACE ! ,S,A,C,P1 :I* HAD BECOME CORRUPT$ BY ! NEOLIB]AL /ATE1 AS ! POLITICAL VANGU>D ( ! WORK+ CLASS4 

,! POT5TIAL ( ! ,UNIT$ ,FRONT APPROA* = BUILD+ WORK+ CLASS UNITY IS PRECISELY BECAUSE IT ACCOMMODATES IDEOLOGICAL DIFF]5CES 9 ORD] TO BUILD ! UNITY ( WORK+ CLASS =MATIONS 9 /RUGGLE4 ,BUT ,NUMSA /ILL LOOKS TO ! LEGACY ( ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TIES4 ,& !SE P>TIES HAVE HI/ORICALLY US$ UNIT$ FRONTS TO CREATE UNITY 9 ACTION 9 /RUGGLES AGA9/ CAPITALI/ ATTACKS1 BUT ALSO ) ! AIM ( W9N+ OV] ! MAJORITY 9 !SE /RUGGLES TO !IR PROGRAM - 9 ?IS CASE ! =MATION ( A NEW P>TY1 ?AT !Y W\LD LEAD - UND] !IR ,P>TY LEAD]%IP & NO ONE ELSE'S4 

,:ILE ,NUMSA HAS BROK5 ) ,COSATU & ! ,S,A,C,P ORGANIZATIONALLY1 IT HAS NOT BROK5 ) !M IDEOLOGICALLY4 ,! ,NUMSA BUREAUCRATS' BELIEF ?AT !Y >E ! VANGU>D ( ! WORK+ CLASS & !IR 9SI/5CE ON BUILD+ A P>TY TO CONTE/ /ATE P[] >E F\ND$ ON ! SAME IDEOLOGICAL C]TA9TIES & !ORETICAL UND]/&+S ( CLASS1 P[] & ! NATURE ( ! /ATE AS ! ,S,A,C,P - ) ! SAME /RATEGIC IMPLICATIONS ?AT1 9V>IABLY1 WILL HAVE ! SAME DISAPPO9T+ \TCOMES4 

,IF WE REALLY WANT TO BUILD A MOVEM5T = SOCIALISM1 & TO AVOID M]ELY REPLAC+ ONE SET ( RUL]S = ANO!R1 ! AU?ORIT>IAN LEFT NE$S TO RE?9K ITS UND]/&+S CLASS1 P[] & ! NATURE ( ! /ATE 9 LI<T ( ! IMP]IAL EVID5CE & LE>N FROM ! MI/AKES ( ! PA/1 9/EAD ( REPEAT+ !M & EXPECT+ A DIFF]5T \TCOME4 

,?IS PAMPHLET IS A COLLECTION ( >TICLES - WRITT5 9 ! CONTEXT ( ! ,NATIONAL ,UNION ( ,METALWORK]S 7,NUMSA7'S RESOLUTION1 FOLL[+ ITS HI/ORIC #bac ,SPECIAL ,NATIONAL ,CONGRESS1 TO BREAK ) ! ,A,N,C-L$ ,ALLIANCE & =M A ',UNIT$ ,FRONT AGA9/ NEOLIB]ALISM' - 9T5D$ TO CONTRIBUTE TO ?AT DISCUSSION BY EXPLOR+ ! CONCEPT1 HI/ORY & AN>*I/_/SYNDICALI/ APPROA*ES TO ,UNIT$ ,FRONTS & !IR RELEVANCE & POT5TIAL = BUILD+ WORK+ CLASS UNITY 9 ,S\? ,AFRICA4 

,JONA?AN ,PAYN 

,*APT] #a3 ,N,U,M,S,A & ! ',UNIT$ ,FRONT AGA9/ ,NEOLIB]ALISM' 
BY ,JONA?AN ,PAYN 7,Z,A,C,F7 

,P>T #a 9 A S]IES ( >TICLES ON ! CONCEPT & HI/ORY ( ! ,UNIT$ ,FRONT4 ,?IS >TICLE FIR/ APPE>$ 9 ,WORK]S ,WORLD ,NEWS4 

,! RESOLUTION ADOPT$ BY ! ,NATIONAL ,UNION ( ,METALWORK]S ( ,S\? ,AFRICA 7,N,U,M,S,A7 TO =M A ',UNIT$ ,FRONT AGA9/ NEOLIB]ALISM' - AS WELL AS ITS DECISION NOT TO 5DORSE ! ,A,N,C 9 ! ELECTIONS - REPRES5TS AN 9T]E/+ DEVELOPM5T 9 ! POLITICAL L&SCAPE1 ONE :I* ACTIVI/S %\LD LOOK AT C>EFULLY & 5GAGE4 ,DUE TO ! LANGUAGE US$ BY ! M$IA1 ! ,LEFT1 ,N,U,M,S,A'S CRITICS & EV5 ,N,U,M,S,A ITSELF MU* CONFUSION SURR\NDS ! DEBATE - LEAV+ MANY QUE/IONS3 ,IS ! ',UNIT$ ,FRONT' AN ORGANIZATION OR ATTEMPT TO BUILD A NEW LABOR F$]ATION OR POLITICAL P>TY8 ,IS IT AN ATTEMPT TO REVIVE ! #a#i#hS ,UNIT$ ,DEMOCRATIC ,FRONT 7,U,D,F78 ,:Y ,N,U,M,S,A'S SUDD5 9T]E/ 9 COMMUNITY /RUGGLES8 

,?IS S]IES1 ( :I* ?IS >TICLE IS ! FIR/1 AIMS TO CL>IFY !SE & O!R QUE/IONS BY LOOK+ AT ! PROPOSAL & HI/ORY ( UNIT$ FRONTS LOCALLY & 9T]NATIONALLY TO CL>IFY KEY ISSUES & DRAW LESSONS ?AT ACTIVI/S CAN USE :5 5GAG+ ! PROS & CONS ( ,N,U,M,S,A'S ,UNIT$ ,FRONT PROPOSAL & IF & H[ !Y ?9K IT %\LD BE DEVELOP$4 

,GLOBAL ,CAPITALI/ ,CRISIS & A /ALL$ ,REVOLUTION 

,TO UND]/& ,N,U,M,S,A'S DECISION TO BREAK ) ! ,A,N,C & ,S,A,C,P1 & ! POT5TIAL ITS CALL = A UNIT$ FRONT C\LD (F] = BUILD+ A WORK+ CLASS-BAS$ ALT]NATIVE TO ! ,A,N,C-L$ ,ALLIANCE & ITS NEOLIB]AL POLICIES1 ACTIVI/S MU/ CONTEXTUALIZE !SE DECISIONS & UNPACK :AT ,N,U,M,S,A UND]/&S BY ! ,UNIT$ ,FRONT4 

,N,U,M,S,A HAS NOT$ ?AT1 TW5TY YE>S AFT] ! DEMOCRATIC TRANSITION1 ! MAJORITY-BLACK WORK+ CLASS HAS NOT EXP]I5C$ MEAN+FUL IMPROVEM5TS 9 ITS CONDITIONS4 ,AT ! SAME TIME1 H[EV]1 A SMALL BLACK ELITE HAS BECOME SUP] WEAL?Y4 ,9 ,S\? ,AFRICA ,N,U,M,S,A HAS NOT$ ?AT ! NEOLIB]AL RE/RUCTUR+1 IMPLEM5T$ BY ! ,A,N,C GOV]NM5T & SUPPORT$ BY ITS ,ALLIANCE P>TN]S1 HAS BE5 AIM$ AT B5EFIT+ ! CAPITALI/ CLASS & HAS RESULT$ 9 ! 9CREAS$ DOM9ANCE ( F9ANCE CAPITAL1 9 MASSIVE JOB LOSSES & 9CREAS$ POV]TY & 9EQUALITY4 

',A ,WEAPON = ,UNIT+ ! ,WORK+ ,CLASS' 

,N,U,M,S,A CLAIMS NOT TO SEE ! ,UNIT$ ,FRONT AS A NEW ORGANIZATION OR P>TY BUT A ME*ANISM 0TO MOBILIZE ! WORK+ CLASS 9 ALL !IR =MATIONS 9TO A ,UNIT$ ,FRONT AGA9/ NEOLIB]ALISM04 ,:]EAS ,N,U,M,S,A SEES ! ,ALLIANCE AS 0SIMPLY A ME*ANISM = MOBILIZ+ A VOTE = ! ,A,N,C01 IT 5VISIONS ! ,UNIT$ ,FRONT AS A 0MOBILIZ+ TOOL TO ORGANIZE & COORD9ATE WORK+ CLASS /RUGGLES04 

,! ,UNIT$ ,FRONT IS ALSO NOT AB\T BUILD+ A NEW LABOR F$]ATION AS ,N,U,M,S,A IS CALL+ ON ,C,O,S,A,T,U TO JO9 IT 9 BREAK+ ) ! ,ALLIANCE & BUILD+ A NEW MOVEM5T4 ,NOR IS IT AN ATTEMPT TO SIMPLY REVIVE ! ,U,D,F4 ,RA!R1 IT IS 0A WAY TO JO9 O!R ORGANIZATIONS 9 ACTION1 9 ! TR5*ES01 ?R\< %>+ COMMON /RUGGLES4 

,N,U,M,S,A SAYS ?AT 0BETT] WORK+ CONDITIONS >E 9SEP>ABLE FROM ! WORK+ CLASS COMMUNITY /RUGGLES = TRANSPORTATION1 SANITATION1 WAT]1 ELECTRICITY & %ELT]0 & ?AT IT WANTS TO BREAK D[N ! B>RI]S ?AT EXI/ BETWE5 WORK] & COMMUNITY /RUGGLES4 ,! TWO PILL>S ON :I* ITS ,UNIT$ ,FRONT W\LD /& >E GA9+ COMMUNITY SUPPORT = ,N,U,M,S,A CAMPAIGNS & BUILD+ 0CONCRETE SUPPORT = O!R /RUGGLES ( ! WORK+ CLASS & ! POOR :]EV] & :5EV] !Y TAKE PLACE04 

',N,U,M,S,A IS P>T ( ! ,COMMUNITY1 & ,N,O,T ! ,COMMUNITY' 

,= MANY COMMUNITY ACTIVI/S ! QUE/ION !N IS :Y N[1 AFT] IGNOR+ COMMUNITY /RUGGLES = SO LONG1 DOES ,N,U,M,S,A CLAIM TO WANT TO SUPPORT !M8 ,MOREOV]1 :Y DOES ,N,U,M,S,A ?9K IT %\LD LEAD ?IS UNIFICATION PROCESS8 ,AFT] ALL1 COMMUNITY ACTIVI/S LONG AGO ID5TIFI$ ! ,A,N,C'S NEOLIB]AL *>ACT]4 

,DESPITE ! FACT ?AT ITS MEMB]S COME FROM ! COMMUNITIES ,N,U,M,S,A HAS NOT SUPPORT$ COMMUNITY /RUGGLES 9 REC5T YE>S4 ,YET N[ IT SEEMS ,N,U,M,S,A WANTS TO SUPPORT COMMUNITY /RUGGLES & LEAD !M 9 BUILD+ A UNIT$ FRONT4 ,:ILE IT MI<T HAVE A ROLE TO PLAY1 SOME COMMUNITY ACTIVI/S FEEL ,N,U,M,S,A CANNOT LEGITIMATELY TAKE ! LEAD 9 UNIT+ COMMUNITY /RUGGLES4 

,9/EAD !Y FEEL ,N,U,M,S,A %\LD FOCUS ON BUILD+ UNITY ) O!R UNIONS BE=E APPROA*+ COMMUNITIES4 ,SIMIL>LY1 COMMUNITIES %\LD FIR/ WORK TOGE!R TO UNITE !IR [N /RUGGLES FROM ! BOTTOM UP2 A PROCESS ?AT IS ALREADY UND]WAY 9 P>TS ( ! C\NTRY4 

,ONLY ONCE COMMUNITY /RUGGLES >E UNIT$ & COORD9AT$ FROM BEL[1 BY ! ACTIVI/S 9VOLV$1 CAN !Y FEEL CONFID5T 9 UNIT+ COMMUNITY & WORK] /RUGGLES )\T FE> ( BIGG]1 MORE RES\RC$ ORGANIZATIONS LIKE ,N,U,M,S,A IMPOS+ !MSELVES ON !M4 

,CONCLUSION 

,A GOOD ?+ AB\T ! ,UNIT$ ,FRONT IS ?AT IT ACCOMMODATES IDEOLOGICAL DIFF]5CES 9 ORD] TO BUILD ! UNITY ( WORK+ CLASS =MATIONS 9 /RUGGLE4 ,H[EV]1 ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TIES HAVE HI/ORICALLY 5GAG$ 9 UNIT$ FRONTS TO CREATE UNITY 9 ACTION 9 /RUGGLES AGA9/ ! ONSLAU<T ( CAPITALISM1 BUT ALSO ) ! AIM ( W9N+ OV] ! MAJORITY - :O MO/LY 7BUT NOT EXCLUSIVELY AS !RE W]E O!R REVOLUTION>Y CURR5TS7 SUPPORT$ RE=MI/ SOCIAL DEMOCRATIC P>TIES - 9VOLV$ 9 !SE /RUGGLES TO !IR PROGRAM & LEAD AS A ,P>TY4 ,:5 5GAG+ ! ,N,U,M,S,A ,UNIT$ ,FRONT PROPOSAL1 !N1 IT IS IMPORTANT TO ASK :E!R OR NOT ,N,U,M,S,A ALSO SEES ! ,UNIT$ ,FRONT AS A TACTIC TO W9 :AT IT HAS SOMETIMES UN=TUNATELY DESCRIB$ AS LEAD]LESS & UNORGANIZ$ COMMUNITY /RUGGLES TO ITS P]SPECTIVES & TO 5SURE !Y ACCEPT ITS LEAD]%IP 9 /RUGGLES4 

,COMMUNITY ACTIVI/S ACROSS ! C\NTRY HAVE1 DESPITE SKEPTICISM1 RESPOND$ POSITIVELY TO ,N,U,M,S,A'S CALL BY SUPPORT+ ! #ai ,M>* ACTIONS AGA9/ ! ,Y\? ,WAGE ,SUBSIDY4 

,WILL ,N,U,M,S,A RECIPROCATE BY PUTT+ ITS RES\RCES & CAPACITY AT ! S]VICE ( BUILD+ 0CONCRETE SUPPORT = O!R /RUGGLES ( ! WORK+ CLASS & ! POOR 0:]EV] & :5EV] !Y TAKE PLACE08 

,! POSSIBILITY ( ,N,U,M,S,A PLAY+ ANY RELEVANT ROLE 9 FO/]+ WORK+ CLASS UNITY DEP5DS ON ! ANSW] TO ?IS QUE/ION4 

,*APT] #b3 ,ANTI-,MILIT>I/ ,UNIT$ ,FRONTS & ,ITALY'S 0,R$ ,WEEK01 #aiad 
BY ,JONA?AN ,PAYN 7,Z,A,C,F7 

,P>T #b 9 A S]IES ( >TICLES ON ! CONCEPT & HI/ORY ( ! ,UNIT$ ,FRONT4 ,FIR/ PUBLI%$ 9 ISSUE #hg ( ,WORK]S ,WORLD ,NEWS4 

,! ,UNIT$ ,FRONT TACTIC - AIM$ AT UNIT+ MASSES ( WORK]S 9 ACTION & W9N+ ,COMMUNI/ LEAD]%IP = ! WORK+ CLASS - WAS ADOPT$ AS POLICY BY ! ,COMMUNI/ ,9T]NATIONAL 7,COM9T]N7 9 #aiba & WILL BE DISCUSS$ LAT] 9 ?IS S]IES4 ,H[EV]1 !RE >E IMPORTANT EXAMPLES ( WORK+ CLASS UNITY 9 ACTION :I* PR$ATE ,COM9T]N POLICY & BE> RELEVANCE TO ! UNIT$ FRONTS DISCUSSION4 ,ONE (T5-CIT$ EXAMPLE IS ! UNIT$ FRONT TO DEF5D ! GA9S ( ! ,FEBRU>Y ,REVOLUTION FROM A MILIT>Y C\P 9 ,RUSSIA 9 #a#i#a#g1 :I* WILL BE DISCUSS$ 9 ! NEXT >TICLE 9 ?IS S]IES4 

,BE=E LOOK+ AT ?IS1 H[EV]1 !RE IS ANO!R EXAMPLE ( PROLET>IAN UNITY 9 ACTION - ?AT DIDN'T SEEK TO W9 ,COMMUNI/ LEAD]%IP - :I* W>RANTS ATT5TION2 ?AT ( A REVOLUTION>Y WORK]-PEASANT ALLIANCE4 ,?IS CONCEPTION ( UNIT$ FRONT ACTION F\ND EXPRESSION 9 ,ITALY'S ANTI-MILIT>I/ 0R$ BLOCS0 & IT IS TO !SE ?AT WE N[ TURN4 

,PRELUDE TO ,REBELLION 

,9 ! E>LY #a#iS1 !RE WAS /RONG WORK] & PEASANT OPPOSITION TO ,ITALIAN COLONIALISM & MILIT>Y 9VOLVEM5T 9 ,]ITREA1 ,ABYSS9IA & ,LIBYA1 & TO ! REPRESSION ( ! ,ITALIAN WORK+ CLASS BY ! /ATE'S >M$ =CES4 

,WORK]S & PEASANTS SAW ?AT1 AL?\< SOLDI]S CAME MO/LY FROM ! WORK+ CLASS & PEASANTRY1 ! MILIT>Y & ITS COLONIAL ADV5TURES ONLY S]V$ ! 9T]E/S ( ! RUL+ CLASS 9 ITS SE>* = NEW M>KETS & NEW S\RCES ( *EAP LABOR & RAW MAT]IALS - AS WELL AS TO SUPPRESS LOCAL WORK+ CLASS /RUGGLES4 

,H[EV]1 DIVISIONS EM]G$ 9 ! ,ITALIAN SOCIALI/ MOVEM5T BETWE5 ITS RANK-&-FILE & ! ,ITALIAN ,SOCIALI/ ,P>TY'S 7,P,S,I7 RE=MI/ LEAD]S1 :O REJECT$ REVOLUTION - REPRES5T$ BY AN>*I/S1 ,BOL%EVIKS & SYNDICALI/S - 9 FAVOR ( A GRADUAL ELECTORAL TRANSITION TO SOCIALISM4 ,%ORTLY BE=E ,ITALY 9VAD$ ,LIBYA 9 #a#i#a#a1 ! ,P,S,I'S Y\? W+1 ! ,ITALIAN ,SOCIALI/ ,Y\? ,F$]ATION - :I* REJECT$ 0RE=MISM0 - MET ) SYNDICALI/ Y\? ORGANIZATIONS & AGRE$ TO CO-OP]ATE 9 ANTI-W> EF=TS4 ,?IS COOP]ATION1 EXT5D$ TO AN>*I/ Y\? AS WELL1 LAID ! BASIS = AN ANTI-MILIT>I/ UNIT$ FRONT OR 0R$ BLOC04 

#aiad 0,R$ ,WEEK0 

,BY #a#i#a#d1 A TW5TY ?\S&-/RONG UNIT$ FRONT ( WORK]S & PEASANTS FROM DIFF]5T POLITICAL T5D5CIES WAS ORGANIZ$ AGA9/ MILIT>ISM4 ,ON ,CON/ITUTION ,DAY1 ,JUNE #g #a#i#a#d1 ?IS ANTI-MILIT>I/ FRONT ORGANIZ$ A NATIONAL DEMON/RATION AGA9/ MILIT>ISM & W>4 ,FE>+ ?IS FRONT C\LD LAY ! BASIS = A REVOLUTION>Y 0,R$ BLOC0 ! GOV]NM5T ORD]$ TROOPS TO SUPPRESS ! PROTE/S4 ,CLA%ES BETWE5 TROOPS & ANTI-MILIT>I/S ]UPT$ LEAV+ ?REE WORK]S DEAD4 

,! PROLET>IAT TOOK TO ! /REETS 9 RESPONSE & REBELLION 5GULF$ ! C\NTRY4 ,BE=E ! DOM9ANT ,G5]AL ,CONF$]ATION ( ,LABOR 7,C,G,L7 HAD RESPOND$ ! ,ITALIAN ,SYNDICALI/ ,UNION & ,*AMB] ( ,LABOR CALL$ A G5]AL /RIKE4 ,DOCK & RAIL WORK]S ASS]T$ !IR P[] 9 A CRIPPL+ WAVE ( PROTE/S & #e # WORK]S M>*$ 9 ,TUR9 9 0IRON RANKS ( CLASS SOLID>ITY0 :5 ! ,C,G,L JO9$ ! CALL4 

,AL?\< ! SOCIALI/ LEAD]%IP HAD BE5 DIVID$ OV] ! CALL = A G5]AL /RIKE ! MASSES EMBRAC$ IT ) REVOLUTION>Y F]VOR4 ,B>RICADES SPRANG UP 9 ! NOR!RN 9DU/RIAL C5T]S4 ,SELF-GOV]N+ COMMUNES W]E DECL>$ 9 SMALL] T[NS & GOV]NM5T (FICIALS =C$ TO FLEE4 ,AB\T A MILLION PEOPLE P>TICIPAT$ & = T5 DAYS ! CITY ( ,ANCONA WAS UND] ! CONTROL ( REBEL WORK]S & PEASANTS4 

,! UPRIS+1 CALL$ ! 0,R$ WEEK01 DIFF]$ FROM PREVI\S UPRIS+S 9 EXT5T & 9T5SITY - IT SPREAD ACROSS ! C\NTRY FROM NOR? TO S\?1 9 CITIES & C\NTRYSIDE1 & WAS (F5SIVE RA!R ?AN DEF5SIVE 9 NATURE4 ,MANY WORK]S & PEASANTS BELIEV$ ?AT REVOLUTION WAS POSSIBLE & PU%$ TO REALIZE IT4 

,BETRAYAL & ,COLLAPSE 

,H[EV]1 ! RE=MI/S RE/AT$ !IR VIEW ?AT SOCIALISM W\LDN'T BE A*IEV$ BY ! MASSES' REVOLUTION>Y IMPULSES & REJECT$ ! NE$ = A REVOLUTION>Y RUPTURE4 ,!Y BELIEV$ ?AT ! WORK+ CLASS WAS NOT READY = SOCIALISM1 ?AT ITS 0IMPULSIV5ESS0 WAS H>MFUL & ?AT SOCIALI/S %\LD 0$UCATE & CIVILIZE0 ! PROLET>IAT 9 ORD] TO PREP>E IT = A GRADUAL TRANSITION TO SOCIALISM4 

,ON SEE+ ! SITUATION DEVELOP 9TO A POT5TIALLY REVOLUTION>Y UPRIS+ ?AT !Y C\LD NOT CONTA9 ! ,C,G,L CALL$ (F ! /RIKE AFT] TWO DAYS - OV] WORK]S' HEADS & )\T CONSULT+ ! ,P,S,I OR O!R WORK+ CLASS =MATIONS4 ,9 DO+ SO !Y GAGG$ ! MO/ CONSCI\S & REBELLI\S WORK+ CLASS MILITANTS & ! REVOLUTION>Y MOVEM5T COLLAPS$4 ,AL?\< T5 ?\S& TROOPS W]E NE$$ TO REGA9 CONTROL ( ,ANCONA & 9 ,M>CAS & ,ROMAGNA AN>*I/S1 REVOLUTION>Y SOCIALI/S & ,REPUBLICANS MA9TA9$ !IR PO/S 9 ! /REETS1 SIDE-BY-SIDE1 = A FEW DAYS MORE4 

,ALT]NATIVE ,5D+ 

,H[EV]1 NOT EV]YONE %>$ ?IS VIEW & SOME SOCIALI/S DID BELIEVE ?AT ! MASSES W]E READY = & CAPABLE ( REVOLUTION & ?AT ?IS WAS H[ SOCIALISM W\LD COME AB\T4 

,]RICO ,MALATE/A1 AN AN>*I/ LEAD] ( ! UPRIS+1 PLEAD$ ) WORK]S NOT TO OBEY ! ,C,G,L'S ORD] TO 5D ! /RIKE2 BELIEV+ 9/EAD ?AT ! MON>*Y WAS COLLAPS+ & ?AT REVOLUTION WAS 9DE$ POSSIBLE4 ,= REVOLUTION>IES LIKE ,MALATE/A SOCIALISM W\LD BE A*IEV$ NOT ?R\< CLASS COMPROMISE & ELECTIONS1 BUT ?R\< A WORK+ CLASS REVOLUTION FROM BEL[4 ,?R\< ! SELF-ACTIVITY & SELF-ORGANIZATION ( ! MASSES4 ,= !M SOCIALI/S %\LD 5C\RAGE & /IMULATE ?IS WORK+ CLASS SELF-ORGANIZATION & SELF-ACTIVITY 9 PREP>ATION = ! REVOLUTION1 :I* W\LD BE CULTIVAT$ BY CON/ANT USE ( ! /RIKE WEAPON1 CULM9AT+ 9 A REVOLUTION>Y G5]AL /RIKE4 

,= !SE REVOLUTION>IES1 ! LESSON ( ! ,R$ ,WEEK IS ?AT ! WORK+ CLASS CAN BE REVOLUTION>Y & ?AT IT IS /RONGE/ ON ITS [N T]RA92 \TSIDE & AGA9/ ! /ATE4 ,RA!R ?AN BE+ H>NESSES TO & HELD BACK BY ELECTORAL P>TIES IT %\LD ORGANIZE 9DEP5D5TLY AS A CLASS1 ACROSS IDEOLOGICAL L9ES1 TO OV]?R[ ! /ATE & CAPITALISM & REPLACE !M ) DIRECTLY DEMOCRATIC ORGANS ( WORK+ CLASS SELF-GOV]NANCE4 

,AFT] ! ,R$ ,WEEK UPRIS+ HAD BE5 SUPPRESS$ ,MALATE/A DECL>$1 0,N[444 ,WE WILL CONT9UE MORE ?AN EV] FULL ( 5?USIASM1 ACTS ( WILL1 ( HOPE1 ( FAI?4 ,WE WILL CONT9UE PREP>+ ! LIB]AT+ REVOLUTION1 :I* WILL SECURE JU/ICE1 FRE$OM & WELL-BE+ = ALL40 

,*APT] #c3 ,! #aiag ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION & ,UNIT$ ,FRONT 
BY ,JONA?AN ,PAYN 7,Z,A,C,F7 

,P>T #c 9 A S]IES ( >TICLES ON ! CONCEPT & HI/ORY ( ! ,UNIT$ ,FRONT4 

,9 ! ,OCTOB] ,REVOLUTION ( #a#i#a#g1 ! ,BOL%EVIK ,P>TY1 TOGE!R ) O!R REVOLUTION>IES1 OV]?REW ! ,PROVISIONAL ,GOV]NM5T E/ABLI%$ 9 ,FEBRU>Y & - TOGE!R1 9ITIALLY1 ) LEFT ,SOCIAL ,REVOLUTION>IES - SEIZ$ P[]4 ,H[ DID ! ,BOL%EVIKS - A M9ORITY JU/ EI<T MON?S E>LI]1 :5 ! ,FEBRU>Y ,REVOLUTION OV]?REW ! ,CZ> & E/ABLI%$ ! ,PROVISIONAL ,GOV]NM5T - COME TO P[] SO QUICKLY8 ,H[ DID ?IS SMALL =CE EM]GE FROM RELATIVE OBSCURITY TO W9 L>GE SECTIONS ( ! WORK+ CLASS TO ITS PROGRAM & TAKE P[]8 ,H]E9 LIES ! ROOT & ESS5CE ( ,UNIT$ ,FRONT POLICY 9 A TRADITIONAL ,M>XI/ S5SE4 

,SOVIET ,DEMOCRACY & ,REVOLUTION 9 ,FEBRU>Y 

,DUR+ ! ,FEBRU>Y ,REVOLUTION1 WORK]S1 PEASANTS & SOLDI]S SPONTANE\SLY ROSE UP & SEIZ$ L& & FACTORIES ?R\<\T ,RUSSIA E/ABLI%+ WORK]S'1 PEASANTS' & SOLDI]S' C\NCILS - MASS DEMOCRATIC ORGANS ( WORK+ CLASS C\NT]-P[]4 ,!SE C\NCILS1 KN[N AS SOVIETS1 ELECT$ !IR [N DELEGATES & HAD REPRES5TATIVES FROM DIFF]5T POLITICAL T5D5CIES FROM 7RE=MI/7 ,M5%EVIKS & ,SOCIAL ,REVOLUTION>IES TO 7REVOLUTION>Y7 AN>*I/S & ,BOL%EVIKS4 ,?R\< ! SOVIETS WORK]S CO-ORD9AT$ /RIKES & O!R =MS ( /RUGGLE1 US+ !M TO GOV]N !MSELVES AS A CLASS4 ,!Y W]E1 9 EFFECT1 UNIT$ FRONTS ORGANIZ$ FROM BEL[ BY ! WORK+ MASSES 9 PURSUIT ( SPECIFIC DEM&S3 FOOD1 L&1 DEMOCRATIC RE=MS & AN 5D TO ! W>4 

,9 A FEW %ORT WEEKS ! ,CZ>1 :OSE FAMILY HAD RUL$ ,RUSSIA = G5]ATIONS1 WAS =C$ TO ABDICATE & A PROVISIONAL GOV]NM5T =M$4 ,! SOVIETS DEVELOP$ ALONGSIDE ! LIB]AL ,PROVISIONAL ,GOV]NM5T & A SITUATION ( DUAL-P[] EM]G$4 ,9ITIALLY1 ! SOVIETS SUPPORT$ ! ,PROVISIONAL ,GOV]NM5T AS A HESITANT EXPRESSION ( WORK]S' DEMOCRATIC ASPIRATIONS BUT1 AS ! W> DRAGG$ ON & ! ,PROVISIONAL ,GOV]NM5T FAIL$ TO IMPLEM5T EV5 MODE/ SOCIAL RE=MS1 DISCONT5T >OSE4 ,MANY WORK]S & SOLDI]S TRU/$ ! SOVIETS MORE ?AN ! ,PROVISIONAL ,GOV]NM5T2 BUT ! NEW GOV]NM5T WAS NOT /RONG 5\< TO DISB& !M4 

,DISCONT5T & ,REACTION 9 ,AUGU/ 

,! ,PROVISIONAL ,GOV]NM5T1 HEAD$ BY ,K]5SKY1 FAC$ A CRISIS BY ! 5D ( ,JULY4 ,! GR[? ( REVOLUTION>Y IDEAS WAS FUEL$ BY WORS5+ ECONOMIC CONDITIONS1 UNPOPUL> GOV]NM5T POLICIES & PEASANT UNRE/4 

,! RUL+ CLASS BECAME UNHAPPY ) ,K]5SKY'S WEAK-KNE$ GOV]NM5T4 ,9 ,AUGU/1 ! REACTION>Y ,G5]AL ,KORNILOV BROKE ) ! ,PROVISIONAL ,GOV]NM5T & PLOTT$ TO E/ABLI% HIMSELF AT ,RUSSIA'S HEAD BY SEIZ+ ,PETROGRAD - ! /RON<OLD ( ! REVOLUTION4 ,IF ! ,K]5SKY GOV]NM5T C\LD NOT DEAL ) ! SOVIETS HE W\LD DO SO HIMSELF4 

,B>RICADES & REVOLUTION>Y DEF5SE COMMITTEES W]E E/ABLI%$ BY WORK]S & SOLDI]S SPONTANE\SLY ACROSS ,PETROGRAD TO DEF5D !IR H>D-WON DEMOCRATIC ADVANCES FROM ,G5]AL ,KORNILOV'S =CES4 ,! ,BOL%EVIKS1 LIKE MO/ O!R REVOLUTION>Y CURR5TS1 5T]$ 9TO !SE COMMITTEES AS A M9ORITY BUT PLAY$ A PROM95T ROLE 9 ! ,COMMITTEE ( ,REVOLUTION>Y ,DEF5SE4 ,!Y E/ABLI%$ ,R$ ,GU>D UNITS & PROVID$ MILIT>Y TRA9+4 

,BOL%EVIK 0,UPSW+0 & ,REVOLUTION 9 ,OCTOB] 

,! C\P1 :I* WAS RI<TLY SE5 AS A REACTION>Y ATTEMPT TO CRU% ! SOVIETS1 WAS DEFEAT$4 ,! WORK]S' VICTORY %IFT$ ! BALANCE ( =CES LEFTW>DS & ,BOL%EVIK SUPPORT SURG$4 ,LAT]1 ?IS 0UPSW+0 9 ,BOL%EVIK SUPPORT WAS ATTRIBUT$ TO !IR UNIT$ FRONT-/YLE TACTICS4 

,ACCORD+ TO ?IS ANALYSIS1 BY P>TICIPAT+ 9 ! FRONT-L9ES ( ! /RUGGLE AGA9/ ,KORNILOV :ILE MA9TA9+ !IR POLITICAL 9DEP5D5CE1 PROVID+ POLITICAL LEAD]%IP & NOT TAK+ RESPONSIBILITY = ! 9ADEQUACIES ( ,K]5SKY'S POLICIES1 ! ,BOL%EVIKS WON ! MAJORITY OV] TO !IR LEAD]%IP4 ,FAC$ ) A COMMON 5EMY DIFF]5T WORK]S' P>TIES W]E UNIT$ 9 ACTION &1 BO? BY SUPPORT+ ! 7NON-,COMMUNI/7 MASS ( WORK]S' DEM&S = L&1 PEACE & BREAD & BY EXPOS+ !IR RE=MI/ LEAD]S' 9ABILITY TO SATISFY !SE DEM&S1 ! ,BOL%EVIKS MANAG$ TO W9 ! MAJORITY TO !IR PROGRAM4 

,)9 TWO MON?S1 ! ,BOL%EVIKS HAD L$ A REVOLUTION AGA9/ ! ,PROVISIONAL ,GOV]NM5T & E/ABLI%$ :AT APPE>$ = A %ORT :ILE TO BE SOVIET P[]4 ,?IS1 = TRADITIONAL ,M>XI/S1 WAS ! 0GREAT LESSON0 ( ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION4 

,ANO!R ,APPROA*3 ,REVOLUTION>Y & FROM ,BEL[ 

,H[EV]1 MANY LEFTI/S - 9CLUD+ SOME PROM95T ,BOL%EVIKS - W]E CRITICAL ( ! ,BOL%EVIK APPROA* TO ! /RUGGLE AGA9/ ,K]5SKY4 ,! RE=MI/S BELIEV$ ?AT 9/EAD ( DISSOLV+ ! ,CON/ITU5T ,ASSEMBLY !Y %\LD HAVE =M$ A SOCIALI/ UNIT$ FRONT GOV]NM5T ) O!R SOCIALI/ P>TIES - ! ,SOCIAL ,REVOLUTION>IES1 ,M5%EVIKS & ,BOL%EVIKS - :I* TOGE!R HAD A MAJORITY1 AS ! ,CON/ITU5T ,ASSEMBLY ELECTIONS 9 ,NOVEMB] %[$4 

,= !M SU* A GOV]NM5T1 5JOY+ MAJORITY SUPPORT1 W\LD BR+ PEACE & ?R\< ! ECONOMIC /ABILITY 5ABL$ BY !SE CONDITIONS C\LD GRADUALLY 9TRODUCE SOCIALI/ RE=MS FROM ABOVE4 ,!Y SAID A ,BOL%EVIK-ONLY GOV]NM5T W\LD LEAD TO 0A REGIME ( T]ROR & TO ! DE/RUCTION ( ! REVOLUTION04 

,H[EV]1 !RE WAS ANO!R REVOLUTION>Y POSITION - REPRES5T$ BY ! AN>*I/S1 SYNDICALI/S & COMMUNI/ LEFT4 ,?IS POSITION HELD ?AT ! WORK+ CLASS WAS ALREADY UNIT$ 9 REVOLUTION>Y ACTION 9 ,FEBRU>Y #a#i#a#g4 ,!Y >GU$ ?AT ! SOVIETS W]E ALREADY A MAJORITY & DIDN'T NE$ ! SUPPORT ( ! ,PROVISIONAL ,GOV]NM5T OR ,BOL%EVIK LEAD]%IP BUT1 RA!R1 C\LD HAVE BUILT ON ! CLASS CONFID5CE GA9$ ?R\< ,KORNILOV'S DEFEAT TO DISSOLVE ! ,PROVISIONAL ,GOV]NM5T & TRULY DISSEM9ATE ALL P[] TO ! SOVIETS4 

,?IS POSITION HELD ?AT :AT WAS NE$$ TO ADVANCE ! REVOLUTION WAS NOT C5TRALIZ$ /ATE P[] UND] ! LEAD]%IP ( AN ALL-P[]FUL P>TY1 BUT ! DEC5TRALIZ$ P[] ( A F$]ATION ( >M$ WORK]S'1 PEASANTS' & SOLDI]S' SOVIETS2 A REVOLUTION>Y UNIT$ FRONT FROM BEL[4 

,! ,BOL%EVIK >GUM5T WAS ?AT Y\ C\LDN'T HAVE A REVOLUTION )\T ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY LEAD]%IP BECAUSE ! WORK+ CLASS W\LD VACILLATE 9 ITS ABS5CE4 ,H[EV]1 !RE W]E 9 FACT MANY EPISODES ?R\<\T #aiag :]E ! WORK+ CLASS WAS MORE REVOLUTION>Y ?AN ! P>TIES1 ,COMMUNI/ 9CLUD$4 ,MANY P>TIES ?US TAIL$ ! WORK+ CLASS & EV5 ! ,BOL%EVIKS *ANG$ !IR PROGRAM TO BE MORE 9 L9E ) ! REVOLUTION>Y WORK+ CLASS - ONLY TO *ANGE IT BACK ONCE !Y HAD CONSOLIDAT$ P[]4 

,:ILE WE WILL NEV] KN[ :AT W\LD HAVE HAPP5$ HAD ?IS ALT]NATIVE POSITION TRIUMPH$1 HI/ORY HAS V9DICAT$ ! >GUM5T AGA9/ ONE-P>TY ,COMMUNI/ RULE4 

,! NEXT 9/ALLM5T 9 ?IS S]IES WILL LOOK AT ANO!R IMPORTANT EPISODE 9 UNIT$ WORK+ CLASS /RUGGLE & ITS CONTRIBUTION TO ,UNIT$ ,FRONT POLICY - ,G]MANY 9 #a#i#b-#b#a4 

,*APT] #d3 ,UNIT$ ,WORK+ ,CLASS ,ACTION & ! ,WORK]S' ,C\NCIL ,MOVEM5T 9 ,G]MANY1 #a#i#b-#a#i#b#c 
BY ,JONA?AN ,PAYN 7,Z,A,C,F7 

,P>T #d 9 A S]IES ( >TICLES ON ! CONCEPT & HI/ORY ( ! ,UNIT$ ,FRONT4 

,A 0REVOLUTION>Y ALT]NATIVE FROM BEL[0 ?AT WAS NOT QUITE TO BE BUT HOLDS P]T95T LESSONS = MOVEM5TS TODAY4 

,9 #a#i#a#i1 ! ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRATIC ,P>TY ( ,G]MANY 7,S,P,D7 ORGANIZ$ ! SUPPRESSION ( WORK]S ?AT1 TOGE!R ) SOLDI]S1 HAD OV]?R[N ! ,G]MAN IMP]IAL GOV]NM5T 9 ! #a#i#a#h-#a#i#a#i ,G]MAN ,REVOLUTION & BR\<T AN 5D TO ! ,FIR/ ,WORLD ,W>4 ,! ,S,P,D RE/OR$ CAPITALI/ & /ATE P[] BUT1 DESPITE BE+ BRUTALLY REPRESS$ BY ! ,S,P,D1 ! ,G]MAN WORK+ CLASS CONT9U$ TO /RUGGLE AGA9/ ! GOV]NM5T UNTIL #a#i#b#c4 

,RI<T-W+ =CES ALSO WANT$ TO \/ ! ,S,P,D-L$ GOV]NM5T1 RECAPTURE DIRECT /ATE CONTROL & REV]SE ! RESULTS ( ! ,REVOLUTION4 

,UNIT$ ACTION AGA9/ ! ,KAPP ,PUTS* 

,9 ,M>*1 #a#i#b1 RI<T-W+ MILIT>Y =CES OCCUPI$ ,G]MANY'S CAPITAL1 ,B]L91 UND] ! LEAD]%IP ( ,WOLFGANG ,KAPP & ! ,S,P,D-L$ GOV]NM5T FL$4 ,ALL LEFT P>TIES1 EXCLUD+ ! ,K,P,D 7,G]MAN ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY71 CALL$ = A G5]AL /RIKE TO C\NT] ! C\P & DEF5D DEMOCRACY4 ,SOON1 ! /RIKE HAD SPREAD ACROSS ! C\NTRY4 

,WORK]S SPONTANE\SLY ORGANIZ$ AN 9SURRECTION>Y (F5SIVE1 =M+ >M$ DEF5SE & /RIKE COMMITTEES TO UNITE WORK]S FROM DIFF]5T POLITICAL T5D5CIES & CO-ORD9ATE !IR ACTIONS4 

,?IS REGR\P+ ( ! WORK]S' MOVEM5T 9 ! =M ( WORK]S' C\NCILS & ACTION COMMITTEES - :I* HAD BE5 WIDESPREAD DUR+ ! #a#i#a#h-#a#i#a#i ,REVOLUTION - UNIT$ WORK]S ACROSS POLITICAL P>TIES4 ,! NEWLY-=M$ 0R$ >MY0 WAS ORGANIZ$ >\ND ?REE MA9 GEOGRAPHICAL C5T]S UND] ! 9FLU5CE ( ! ,U,S,P,D 7,9DEP5D5T ,SOCIALI/S72 ,K,P,D & ,LEFT ,U,S,P,D2 & REVOLUTION>Y SYNDICALI/S & ,K,P,D LEFT-W+ RESPECTIVELY4 

,FAC+ NATION-WIDE >M$ RESI/ANCE & AN 9SURRECTION>Y G5]AL /RIKE ,KAPP'S =CES GAVE UP & FL$ ,B]L91 BUT ! 9SURRECTION CONT9U$ 9 PURSUIT ( A NEW GOV]NM5T4 ,! ?REE 0WORK]S0 P>TIES 7,S,P,D-,U,S,P,D-,K,P,D7 DID NOT SUPPORT ! WORK]S' /RUGGLE = A NEW GOV]NM5T & OPPOS$ WORK]S' ATTEMPTS TO >M !MSELVES & ACT 9DEP5D5TLY4 

,FOLL[+ ! FLI<T ( ,KAPP'S =CES ! C5TRAL GOV]NM5T RETURN$ TO ,B]L91 CALL$ (F ! /RIKE & ATTEMPT$ TO =M A 0WORK]S0 GOV]NM5T COMPRIS+ ! ,S,P,D1 ,K,P,D & ,U,S,P,D4 ,! ,K,P,D WAS DIVID$ OV] :E!R SU* A GOV]NM5T C\LD PLAY A PROGRESSIVE ROLE4 ,! LEFT-W+ MAJORITY - :I* 9 ,APRIL #aib LEFT TO =M ! ANTI-P>LIAM5T>Y ,K,A,P,D 7,COMMUNI/ ,WORK]S' ,P>TY7 - DI/RU/$ ?IS GOV]NM5T & SAID IT W\LD BE SIMIL> TO ! ,S,P,D COALITION GOV]NM5T E/ABLI%$ AFT] ! #aiah UPRIS+1 :I* HAD BRUTALLY REPRESS$ WORK]S & HELP$ RE/ORE CAPITALI/ RULE 9 ! =M ( SOCIAL DEMOCRACY4 ,!Y OPPOS$ A RETURN TO P>LIAM5T>Y ACTIVITY BECAUSE !Y BELIEV$ ?AT ! WORK]S' C\NCIL MOVEM5T HAD SUP]S$$ P>LIAM5T>Y ACTIVITY & ?AT ! CALL TO RETURN TO P>LIAM5T WAS A BETRAYAL ( ! REVOLUTION4 ,!Y SAID !RE WAS ALREADY A REVOLUTION>Y SITUATION 9 ,G]MANY AT ! 5D ( #aiah & ALMO/ ALL LEFT POLITICS 9 #aiai TOOK PLACE 9 ! WORK]S' C\NCILS1 NOT 9 P>LIAM5T1 & IT WAS 9 FACT ! WORK]S' FAI? 9 B\RGEOIS DEMOCRATIC 9/ITUTIONS - PROMOT$ BY ! 0WORK]S0 P>TIES 9 ORD] TO GET !MSELVES 9TO P[] - ?AT HAD L$ TO ! DEMOBILIZATION ( REVOLUTION>Y WORK]S4 

,H[EV]1 !RE WAS A M9ORITY ?AT - WANT+ TO REPLICATE ! ROLE ( ! ,BOL%EVIKS 9 ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION - FELT IT WAS SIMIL> TO ! ,BOL%EVIK CALL1 9 #a#i#a#g1 = ! ,M5%EVIKS & ,SOCIAL ,REVOLUTION>IES TO BREAK ) ! B\RGEOISIE & =M A UNIT$ FRONT GOV]NM5T4 ,! ,U,S,P,D1 H[EV]1 REJECT$ ! PROPOSAL & SO IT WAS NEV] TE/$4 

,AS ) ! ,NOVEMB] #aiah REVOLUTION ! WORK+ CLASS HAD CONQU]$ P[] AGA9 9 #aib )\T BE+ CONSCI\S ( IT &1 0HAD GONE 9 ITS ACTIONS F> BEYOND ITS EXPLICIT DEM&S - & F> BEYOND ! CONSCI\SNESS IT HAD ( ITS [N ACTIVITY & DESIRES4 ,N[ IT HAD TO DECIDE :E!R TO CONSOLIDATE ITS NEW F\ND P[] 7I4E41 CREATE A G5U9E C\NCIL SY/EM7 OR REV]T BACK TO ! REALIZATION ( ITS 9ITIAL DEM&S 7I4E41 PEACE1 FOOD1 & P>LIAM5T>Y DEMOCRACY704 

,! MASS ( WORK]S HAV+ EFFECTIVELY TAK5 P[] ?R\< !IR C\NCILS FAIL$ TO CONSOLIDATE ! GA9S MADE & EFFECTIVELY DIVE/$ !IR P[] TO P>TY 0REPRES5TATIVES04 ,?OSE REVOLUTION>IES ?AT WANT$ TO GO FUR!R W]E %OT D[N BY ! SAME >MY :I* HAD SUPPORT$ ! RI<TI/ C\P & TO :I* ! GOV]NM5T1 AS IT 9EVITABLY DOES1 N[ TURN$ = SUPPORT4 

,! RI<T1 HAV+ REAPPE>$ ON ! POLITICAL SC5E ) ! C\P1 %IFT$ ! POLITICAL C5T] ( GRAVITY RI<TW>D & ! ,S,P,D REL9QUI%$ P[] 9 ! ,JUNE #aib ELECTIONS & 9 ,AUGU/ ! C5TRI/ P>LIAM5T PASS$ A 0DIS>MAM5T0 LAW4 

,! ,LA/ ,FLICK] ( ,HOPE1 #aibc 

,9 ! YE>S FOLL[+ ! ABORTIVE ,KAPP PUTS* !RE W]E NUM]\S MASS DEMON/RATIONS & /RIKES >\ND ,G]MANY1 H[EV] P>TIES LIKE ! ,K,P,D & ,S,P,D W]E ABLE TO CAPTURE ! DIRECTION ( !SE MOVEM5TS & LEAD !M AWAY FROM A REVOLUTION>Y DIRECTION4 ,! ,K,P,D CONSI/5TLY PU%$ WORK]S' /RUGGLES AWAY FROM 9SURRECTION & T[>DS P>LIAM5T>Y ACTIVITY UND] ! 9/RUCTION ( ,MOSC[2 :I* DIDN'T WANT TO UPSET IMP]IALI/ P[]S1 SU* AS ,5GL& & ,FRANCE1 & RISK DE/ABILIZ+ ! ,BOL%EVIK REGIME UNTIL !Y HAD CONSOLIDAT$ P[]4 

,! ,G]MAN WORK+ CLASS LA/ 5GAG$ 9 MASS /RUGGLE ON A NATIONAL LEVEL 9 ,AUGU/1 #a#i#b#c1 :]E WORK]S SPONTANE\SLY >OSE 9 RESPONSE TO 9CREAS+ 9FLATION & DET]IORAT+ LIV+ CONDITIONS4 ,WORK]S' C\NCILS & >M$ DEF5SE COMMITTEES W]E AGA9 E/ABLI%$4 ,! ,K,P,D'S DEF5SIVE IMPLEM5TATION ( A UNIT$ FRONT POLICY WON !M ! SUPPORT ( A L>GE NUMB] ( ,S,P,D MEMB]S1 BUT ITS ATTEMPT TO =M AN ALLIANCE ) ! RI<T-W+ >\ND A NATIONAL PROGRAM LEFT IT DISORI5T$4 ,RA!R ?AN PROVID+ REVOLUTION>Y DIRECTION ! ,K,D,P1 9T]E/$ ONLY 9 BR++ SOCIAL DEMOCRATIC WORK]S UND] ITS P>TY LEAD]%IP1 CONSI/5TLY BETRAY$ ! REVOLUTION>Y WORK+ CLASS BY RE9=C+ ILLUSIONS 9 P>LIAM5T>Y ACTIVITY & DIV]T+ WORK]S AWAY FROM 9SURRECTION>Y /RUGGLE AT TIMES :5 ! WORK+ CLASS ITSELF HAD EFFECTIVELY TAK5 P[] & E/ABLI%$ DEMOCRATIC =MS ( WORK+ CLASS SELF-ADM9I/RATION4 

,DUE TO ITS ISOLATION & DIVISIONS )9 ! WORK+ CLASS ! #aibc UPRIS+ WAS SOON DEFEAT$ & ! WORK]S' MOVEM5T WAS WEAK5$ BEYOND RECOV]Y4 

,A ,REVOLUTION>Y ,ALT]NATIVE FROM ,BEL[ 

,9 OPPOSITION TO ! MOVE TO 9/ITUTIONALIZE - & ?US CONTROL - ! WORK]S' C\NCIL MOVEM5T BY DRAW+ IT 9TO P>LIAM5T>Y ACTIVITY !RE EXI/$ AN ALT]NATIVE REVOLUTION>Y POSITION REPRES5T$1 P>TICUL>LY1 BY ! C\NCIL COMMUNI/ ,K,A,P,D & ! REVOLUTION>Y SYNDICALI/S4 ,!SE CURR5TS /RUGGL$ AGA9/ ! IDEAS ( P>TY-RULE & /ATE CONTROL BY ATTEMPT+ TO PUT 9TO PRACTICE CONCEPTS ( ! WORK]S' C\NCIL MOVEM5T 9 PURSUIT ( DIRECT WORK]S' SELF-DET]M9ATION4 ,!Y ACT$ AS AN EXTRA-P>LIAM5T>Y OPPOSITION TO ! RE=MI/ & /ATI/ LEFT P>TIES & 0$UCAT$ PEOPLE TO ACT ON !IR [N POLITICAL 9ITIATIVE1 9DEP5D5TLY ( ANY REPRES5TATIVES04 

,AL?\< ! OBJECTIVE CONDITIONS EXI/$ = REVOLUTION ! SUBJECTIVE CONDITIONS W]E NOT FULLY DEVELOP$2 ! MASSES DID NOT LOOK =W>D TO BUILD+ A NEW SOCIALI/ SOCIETY BUT - 9FLU5C$ BY ! 0WORK]S0 P>TIES - BACK TO ! RE/ORATION ( PRE-W> LIB]AL CAPITALISM & ! COMPLETION ( ! RE=MS />T$ BE=E ! W>4 

,?US1 ! CLE> REVOLUTION>Y PA? DESIR$ BY ! SO-CALL$ ULTRA-LEFT 7C\NCIL COMMUNI/S1 AN>*I/S & REVOLUTION>Y SYNDICALI/S7 WAS NOT POSSIBLE 9 LI<T ( ! PREVAIL+ ATTITUDE ( ! MASS ( WORK]S1 :O W]E /ILL UND] ! ILLUSION - PROMOT$ BY ! 0WORK]S0 P>TIES - ?AT !IR P[] LAY 9 HAV+ 0!IR0 REPRES5TATIVES 9 B\RGEOIS DEMOCRATIC 9/ITUTIONS & CONSI/5TLY DIVE/$ ! P[] !Y HAD EFFECTIVELY TAK5 ) ! E/ABLI%M5T ( WORK]S' C\NCILS TO P>TY REPRES5TATIVES4 

,*APT] #e3 ,! ,G5]AL ,APPROA* ( ,AN>*I/S_/,SYNDICALI/S TO ! ,UNIT$ ,FRONT & ,N,U,M,S,A 
BY ,JAKES ,FACTORIA & ,T9A ,SIZOVUKA 7,Z,A,C,F7 

,9 ?IS SECTION WE ADDRESS QUE/IONS ?AT HAVE BE5 POS$ TO ,Z,A,C,F MILITANTS4 ,WE >E %>+ !SE DISCUSSIONS BECAUSE WE ?9K !SE >E IMPORTANT & P]T95T ISSUES 9 ,S\!RN ,AFRICA4 ,IF Y\ HAVE QUE/IONS Y\ W\LD US TO ADDRESS 9 \R NEXT ISSUE1 PLEASE GET 9 T\*6 

,9 ?IS COLUMN1 COMRADE ,!MBA ,KOTANE1 A UNION MILITANT1 ASKS3 

,WILL ! ,UNIT$ ,FRONT 7,U,F7 ADDRESS ! CRISES WE >E CURR5TLY FAC+ 9 ,S\? ,AFRICA8 ,I AM CONC]N$ AB\T H[ ! ,U,F WORKS & :O LEADS IT4 ,9 MY [N VIEW WE DON'T NE$ A LEAD]1 WE NE$ TO ALL HAVE EQUAL VOICE4 ,H[ CAN WE BUILD ! ,U,F AS A BASIS = A /ATELESS1 SOCIALI/1 ,S\? ,AFRICA8 

,JAKES ,FACTORIA & ,T9A ,SIZOVUKA RESPOND3 

,:AT ! ,U,F WILL DO1 WILL DEP5D ON :I* P]SPECTIVES W9 \T 9 IT4 ,\R G5]AL AN>*I/_/ SYNDICALI/ P]SPECTIVE IS ?AT ! ,U,F 7AS WELL AS ! UNIONS1 LIKE ! ,NATIONAL ,UNION ( ,METALWORK]S ( ,S,A1 ,N,U,M,S,A7 %\LD BE 7RE7BUILT1 AS F> AS POSSIBLE1 9TO A MOVEM5T ( C\NT]-P[]1 \TSIDE & AGA9/ ! /ATE & CAPITAL4 

,?IS MEANS ,U,F /RUCTURES & AFFILIATES %\LD BE DEVELOP$ 9TO RADICAL1 DEMOCRATIC /RUCTURES 79 ! WORKPLACES & 9 COMMUNITIES7 ?AT CAN FI<T N[ AGA9/ ! RUL+ CLASS1 & ?AT CAN EV5TUALLY TAKE P[]1 DIRECTLY4 ,! ,U,F %\LD BE 7RE7BUILT 9TO A DIRECT ACTION-BAS$1 DIRECT DEMOCRATIC-/RUCTUR$ MOVEM5T = AN>*I/ REVOLUTION4 ,?AT MEANS BUILD+ /RUCTURES 9 COMMUNITIES 7/REET & W>D COMMITTEES & ASSEMBLIES7 ?AT CAN REPLACE MUNICIPALITIES1 & DEVELOP+ ! UNIONS 9 ! WORKPLACES 7?R\< %OP/EW>DS COMMITTEES & ASSEMBLIES7 9TO /RUCTURES ?AT CAN TAKE OV] & RUN WORKPLACES4 ,?IS IS NOT SU* A =EIGN CONCEPT 9 REC5T ,S\? ,AFRICAN HI/ORY3 ,N,U,M,S,A'S PR$ECESSOR1 ,M,A,W,U1 WAS 9VOLV$ 9 ! MOVEM5T = 0PEOPLE'S P[]01 :I* TOOK MANY /EPS 9 ?IS DIRECTION DUR+ ! ANTI-AP>!ID /RUGGLE 9 ! #a#i#hS4 

,= ?IS TO HAPP51 A SECOND /EP IS NE$$3 MASS MOVEM5TS LIKE ,U,F & UNIONS MU/ BE 9FUS$ ) A REVOLUTION>Y C\NT]-CULTURE4 ,?IS MEANS ! MASSES >E WON OV] ?R\< AN>*I/ POLITICAL $UCATION1 :I* IS P>TLY AB\T BUILD+ UP ! CONFID5CE & ABILITY ( WORK]S & POOR PEOPLE TO RUN SOCIETY1 9CLUD+ ! UND]/&+ AMONG ! MAJORITY1 ?AT ! TASKS AHEAD >E BIGG] ?AN SIMPLY VOT+ 9 ELECTIONS OR CAMPAIGN+ = RE=MS TO ! SY/EM4 ,:5 WE TALK AB\T ! MASSES1 WE MEAN ! BROAD WORK+ CLASS1 9CLUD+ ! UNEMPLOY$ & POOR1 & WORK+ CLASS PEOPLE ( ALL RACES1 ,S\? ,AFRICAN & IMMIGRANT4 

,! TASKS >E TO BUILD = AN>*I/ REVOLUTION1 US+ ! /RATEGIC P]SPECTIVES ( C\NT]-P[] & C\NT]-CULTURE4 ,?IS MEANS FI<T+ = A SELF-MANAG$ SOCIETY FROM BEL[1 WON ?R\< REVOLUTION4 ,! CORRUPT & OPPRESSIVE POLITICAL SY/EM 7! /ATE7 & ! EXPLOIT+ & AU?ORIT>IAN ECONOMIC SY/EM 7CAPITALISM7 >E COMPLETELY & OBVI\SLY UNABLE TO CREATE A DEC5T SOCIETY1 REAL DEMOCRACY OR ]ADICATE ! AP>!ID LEGACY4 ,RADICAL *ANGE IS NE$$1 9VOLV+ ! OV]?R[ ( ! 7MULTI-RACIAL7 RUL+ CLASS BY ! BROAD WORK+ CLASS1 COLLECTIVIZATION1 SELF-MANAGEM5T & P>TICIPATORY PLANN+1 & A REIGN ( ECONOMIC & SOCIAL EQUALITY & DIRECT DEMOCRACY4 

,!RE=E1 ALL \R ACTIVITIES MU/ ULTIMATELY BE /RUCTUR$ >\ND ! GOALS ( W9N+ L>G] MASS MOVEM5TS LIKE ! ,U,F & ! UNIONS TO !SE REVOLUTION>Y1 ANTI-P>TY1 AN>*I/ P]SPECTIVES4 ,WE1 AS ! WORK+ CLASS1 HAVE TO /OP MAK+ ! SAME MI/AKES1 ( PUTT+ P[] 9 ELITE H&S1 ( MISLEAD+ PEOPLE 9TO ELECTORAL P>TICIPATION1 & ( LIMIT+ \RSELVES TO RE=MISM 7I4E4 TO SMALL1 LEGAL *ANGES74 

,WE1 FRANKLY1 DO NOT HAVE ! =CES TO W9 ! ,U,F OV] AT ?IS /AGE4 ,A DISCUSSION ( ! BE/ TACTICS TO USE 9 ?IS SITUATION BELONGS TO ANO!R DISCUSSION4 ,H[EV]1 WE MU/ BY ALL MEANS AT LEA/ RAISE ! AN>*I/_/ SYNDICALI/ P]SPECTIVES ( AN>*ISM_/ SYNDICALISM 9 ! ,U,F & ,N,U,M,S,A :]E POSSIBLE1 AS A BASIS ( BUILD+ A L>G] R$-&-BLACK AN>*I/_/ SYNDICALI/ NETWORK4 

,SOME ,LIMITS ( ! ,N,U,M,S,A ,PROJECT 

,WE DO ?9K1 H[EV]1 ?AT IT IS JU/ NOT 5\< TO SEE ! PROBLEM AS LY+ SOLELY 9 NEO-LIB]ALISM OR ! ,A,N,C1 AS ,N,U,M,S,A SEEMS TO DO4 ,NEO-LIB]ALISM IS ! LATE/ PHASE ( CAPITALISM2 IT DOES NOT >ISE FROM BAD POLICY ADVIS]S OR UNDUE ,WORLD ,BANK 9FLU5CE1 BUT FROM ! DEEP /RUCTURE ( ! GLOBAL POLITICAL ECONOMY4 ,!RE=E IT IS ABSURD TO ?9K NEO-LIB]ALISM CAN BE GOTT5 RID ( SIMPLY BY GETT+ RID ( ! ,A,N,C4 ,ANY P>TY 9 (FICE W\LD BE UND] HUGE PRESSURE TO ADOPT MU* ( ! NEO-LIB]AL PROGRAM4 

,S9CE RE=M$ =MS ( CAPITALISM LIKE ! ,KEYNESIAN ,WELF>E ,/ATE >E NO LONG] FEASIBLE 7IF !Y EV] W]E 9 ,S\? ,AFRICA1 BUT ?AT IS ANO!R /ORY71 IT IS PROBLEMATIC TO POSE ! SOLUTION AS KEEP+ CAPITALISM1 BUT DUMP+ NEO-LIB]ALISM4 ,?IS1 H[EV]1 IS ! DIRECTION 9 :I* BO? ,C,O,S,A,T,U & ,N,U,M,S,A LEAN3 DESPITE !IR ,M>XI/-,L59I/ RHETORIC1 !IR ACTUAL POLICY PROPOSALS - ACTIVE 9DU/RIAL POLICY1 PROTECTIONISM1 DEM& /IMULATION ETC4 - REALLY AM\NT TO A PROGRAM ( SOCIAL DEMOCRATIC RE=M ?AT IS IMPOSSIBLE TO IMPLEM5T4 

,SECOND1 :ILE ! ,A,N,C IS P>T ( ! PROBLEM1 IT IS NOT ! :OLE PROBLEM4 ,! :OLE POLITICAL SY/EM IS ROTT54 ,P>LIAM5T IS A PLACE :]E ELITES CONNIVE AGA9/ ! POOR3 ! /ATE ITSELF IS AN APP>ATUS ( RUL+ CLASS P[]1 AS BAD AS ANY CAPITALI/ CORPORATION1 :I* MEANS ?AT ANY P>TY W\LD 5D UP AS DISAPPO9T+ AS ! ,A,N,C4 ,BO? ( !SE PO9TS MEAN ?AT IT IS COMPLETELY PO9TLESS TO BLAME ! ,A,N,C4 

,GIV5 ! P[] ( ! ,A,N,C 9 ! M9DS ( L>GE P>TS ( ! WORK+ CLASS1 /EPS TO DISCR$IT IT >E WELCOME4 ,H[EV]1 ! IDEA ?AT ! SOLUTION IS TO REPLACE ! ,A,N,C ) A BETT] P>TY %\LD BE FIRMLY OPPOS$4 ,!SE IDEAS >E V]Y CURR5T 9 A SECTOR ( ! ,N,U,M,S,A LEAD]%IP1 AS WELL AS 9 A C]TA9 SECTOR ( ! ,U,F1 P>TICUL>LY AMONG ! ,M>XI/S4 ,WE OPPOSE !M1 BECAUSE WE HAVE NO FAI? 9 ! PROJECT ( =M+ A 0MASS WORK]S P>TY0 7,M,W,P74 

,! ,PROTE/ ,POLITICS ( 0,DO+ ,/UFF0 

,WE ALSO DISAGREE ) ! MANY ACTIVI/S 9 ,S,A :O SEE ! TASK 9 MOVEM5TS LIKE ,A,P,F & ,U,F AS SIMPLY BUILD+ PROTE/S & FI<T+ >\ND IMM$IATE CAMPAIGNS4 ,FROM ?IS P]SPECTIVE1 ! MA9 AIM ( !SE COMRADES IS TO GET AS MANY PEOPLE 9VOLV$ 9 ACTIONS AS POSSIBLE4 

,A KEY PROBLEM ) ?IS APPROA* IS ?AT IT IS V]Y %ORT-T]M 9 \TLOOK4 ,!RE IS NO REAL DISCUSSION ( H[ ! PROTE/S CAN LAY ! BASIS = RADICAL *ANGE2 9 FACT1 ! AIMS >E QUITE MODE/1 & 9VOLVE MO/LY FI<T+ >\ND SOME ( ! MO/ IMM$IATE EVILS 9 \R SOCIETY1 LIKE ELECTRICITY CUT(FS4 ,POLITICS BECOMES A MATT] ( RUNN+ FROM ONE EV5T TO ! NEXT2 !RE IS NO REAL PLAN TO BUILD & EXP& MASS MOVEM5TS2 POLITICAL DEBATE & $UCATION IS ALWAYS KEPT AT ! LEVEL ( ISSUES LIKE ! PROBLEMS ( PRIVATIZATION2 BIGG] ISSUES LIKE ! ,A,N,C1 ! NE$ TO ABOLI% ! /ATE & CAPITALISM1 & SO ON1 >E LEFT \T4 

,! PROBLEMS PEOPLE FACE HAVE DEEP ROOTS3 :ILE IT IS VITAL TO FI<T >\ND PROBLEMS LIKE CUT(FS1 !SE >E ROOT$ 9 MAJOR PROBLEMS 9 ! P[] 9DU/RY1 9 ! WAY ! /ATE RUNS1 9 ! CRISIS ( ! CAPITALI/ ECONOMY4 ,!RE=E1 TO REALLY SOLVE ! PROBLEM1 Y\ NE$ RADICAL *ANGES1 9CLUD+ A MASSIVE REALLOCATION ( RES\RCES TO ABOLI% POV]TY & 9EQUALITY - & ?IS MEANS1 REVOLUTION4 

,BUT = ! PROTE/ POLITICS PEOPLE1 ?IS DOES NOT MATT]4 ,SO LONG AS !RE IS A BIG DEMON/RATION1 !SE COMRADES >E SATISFI$4 ,?IS MEANS ?AT POLITICS BECOMES R$UC$ TO ! PROBLEM ( GETT+ ! MAXIMUM TURN-\T AT EV5TS4 ,?IS (T5 TRANSLATES 9TO RECRUIT+ 0LEAD]S10 EA* CLAIM+ TO REPRES5T A 0COMMUNITY10 :O CAN !N DELIV] MASSES ON ! DAYS ( ACTION4 ,NO REAL C>E IS TAK5 TO BUILD MULTIPLE LAY]S ( ACTIVI/S TO 5SURE ! CON/RUCTION ( /RONG DEMOCRATIC /RUCTURES BAS$ ON M&ATES & DELEGATES4 ,! PROTE/ AG5DA IS ALSO NORMALLY SET H]E1 BY A SMALL GR\P1 :I* ALSO WRITES ! PRESS /ATEM5TS & DISCUSSION DOCUM5TS1 & SETS ! SLOGANS4 ,MASS P>TICIPATION (T5 9VOLVES LITTLE MORE ?AN ! MASSES BE+ BUSS$ TO EV5TS1 :]E IT'S REALLY R5T-A-CR[D4 

,FROM ! AN>*I/ _/ SYNDICALI/ P]SPECTIVE1 ?AT DOES NOT TAKE US ANY:]E1 S9CE \R AIM IS TO BUILD WORK+ CLASS MOVEM5TS ?AT CAN RESI/ TODAY444 BUT ALSO TAKE CONTROL 9 ! FUTURE4 

,AGA91 AGA9/ ! ,P>TY BUILD+ ,AG5DA 

,IT IS PRECISELY BECAUSE ( ! %ORT-SI<T$ NATURE ( ! POLITICS ( 0DO+ /UFF0 ?AT MANY COMRADES >GUE = AN ,M,W,P AS A MEANS ( BREAK+ PEOPLE FROM ! ,A,N,C1 ( DEEP5+ POLITICAL $UCATION1 ( UNIT+ PEOPLE4 ,! IDEA IS ALSO ?AT ! ,M,W,P CAN SOMEH[ GET CONTROL ( ! /ATE1 & USE IT TO UND]TAKE MASSIVE RE=MS1 P]HAPS EV5 REVOLUTION4 

,9 ?IS S5SE1 ! ,M,W,P APPROA* IS A /EP =W>D FROM ! PROTE/ POLITICS APPROA*1 9 ?AT IT RECOGNIZES ?AT A FOCUS ON %ORT-T]M ISSUES & L[ LEVELS ( POLITICAL $UCATION1 >E S]I\S PROBLEMS - ?AT IMPLY ?AT REAL *ANGE IS NE$$4 

,BUT ! PROBLEM IS ?AT ! ,M,W,P /RATEGY CANNOT WORK4 ,! EXI/+ SITUATION DOES NOT ALL[ A RADICAL %IFT FROM NEO-LIB]AL POLICIES VIA ! /ATE3 !RE IS LITTLE D\BT ?AT ANY RADICAL P>TY GO+ 9TO P>LIAM5T WILL BE CORRUPT$1 P>ALYZ$ OR COOPT$4 ,AS EXP]I5CES LIKE ,CUBA & ! ,SOVIET ,UNION %[1 PUTT+ A P>TY 9 *>GE ( A NEW 0REVOLUTION>Y0 /ATE CREATES A SITUATION AT LEA/ AS BAD AS :AT WE HAVE - :]E AN ELITE RUNS ! %[ :ILE ! ! MASSES >E LEFT \TSIDE4 

,A FUR!R PROBLEM IS ?AT ! 0P>TY BUILD]S0 SEE MASS MOVEM5TS AS A WAY ( A*IEV+ SOME?+ ELSE1 A MEANS TO AN 5D4 ,!Y DO NOT SEE !SE MOVEM5TS AS !MSELVES ! POT5TIAL BASIS ( A NEW SOCIETY4 ,! POLITICAL P]SPECTIVE H]E IS TO GET MOVEM5TS TO 5DORSE A P>TY4 ,! P>TY IS SE5 AS ! REAL & BE/ WAY ( /RUGGLE - & ?IS ALMO/ ALWAYS TRANSLATES 9TO RUNN+ 9 ELECTIONS4 0,P>TY BUILD]S0 >E (T5 LESS CONC]N$ ) BUILD+ $UCAT$1 BOTTOM-UP & DEMOCRATIC MOVEM5TS1 ?AN ) PU%+ ! P>TY IDEA ?R\<4 ,(T5 ?IS PROGRAM IS PU%$ ?R\< ! UNIONS & COMMUNITY /RUCTURES BY ALL SORTS ( QUE/IONABLE1 TOP-D[N ME?ODS ?AT >E UNABLE TO BR+ ! MASSES ALONG4 ,?IS IS COMPLETELY PO9TLESS1 EV5 DAMAG+4 

,\R ,L9E ( ,M>* 

,:]E DO WE DIFF]8 ,! DIFF]5CE IS ?AT AN>*I/S_/ SYNDICALI/S WANT TO BUILD A FREE SOCIETY ?R\< CLASS /RUGGLE4 ,CONCRETELY1 ! P]SPECTIVE IS TO BUILD MOVEM5TS - 9CLUD+ UNIONS1 COMMUNITY ORGANIZATIONS1 ,U,F-TYPE /RUCTURES - 9 A WAY ?AT LEADS TO ?IS GOAL4 ,=M & ME?OD BECOME C5TRAL3 LEAD]-DOM9AT$1 UN$UCAT$1 0/EPP+-/ONE0 MOVEM5TS ?AT DO NOT TRANSC5D PROTE/1 CANNOT G5]ATE A FREE SOCIETY4 

,C\NT]-P[] REQUIRES MORE ?AN A FEW LEAD]S CALL+ PROTE/S ACCORD+ TO !IR [N :IMS1 & !N >RANG+ TRANSPORT = EV]YONE ELSE TO ATT5D2 IT MEANS ACTIVE P>TICIPATION 9 DECISION-MAK+1 MASSES ?AT RUN ! ORGANIZATIONS & SET ! AG5DA1 CLU$-UP1 CRITICAL & QUE/ION+ MEMB]S ?AT CAN AVOID ! TRAP ( ELECTIONS & CONTROL BY P>TIES OR BY A FEW LEAD]S4 

,MASS MOVEM5TS LIKE ! ,U,F NE$ TO BE TRANS=M$ 9 TWO WAYS 9 ORD] TO MAKE !M CAPABLE ( SU* A TASK4 ,!Y NE$ TO BECOME ORGANS ( C\NT]-P[]1 & !Y NE$ TO BE 9FUS$ ) REVOLUTION>Y C\NT]-CULTURE4 ,! ,C,N,T 9 #a#i#cS ,SPA9 IS A GOOD EXAMPLE1 :]E 9 SOME >EAS ( ,SPA91 ! TRADE UNION ITSELF TOOK OV] ! RUNN+ ( 9DU/RY1 TRANSPORT1 & DI/RIBUTION ( GOODS - UND] DIRECT CONTROL ( UNION MEMB]S4 

,WORK+ )91 ,ORGANIZ+ 

,H[ CAN WE GO AB\T ?IS8 ,CLE>LY AN>*I/ IDEAS WON'T SPONTANE\SLY APPE> \T ( ?9 AIR4 ,AL?\< ITS 9SI<TS HAVE BE5 D]IV$ ?R\< /RUGGLE1 IT HAS TAK5 YE>S ( DEBATE1 DISCUSSION & ACTIVE 9VOLVEM5T BY MILLIONS ( PEOPLE = AN>*ISM TO CRY/ALLIZE 9TO A COH]5T IDEOLOGY4 ,)9 ?AT1 WE >GUE ?AT A SPECIFIC POLITICAL ORGANIZATION IS NECESS>Y 9 ORD] TO FI<T = AN>*ISM )9 ! BATTLE ( IDEAS1 TO WORK )9 & ALONGSIDE MASS MOVEM5TS LIKE ! ,U,F = DEMOCRATIC /RUCTURES1 P>TICIPATORY PRACTICES1 & AN ANTI-P>TY1 ANTI-/ATE 7AN>*I/7 CONSCI\SNESS4 ,! PURPOSE IS NOT TO RALLY ! MASSES UND] \R 0LEAD]%IP0 7LIKE POLITICAL P>TIES1 9CLUD+ SO-CALL$ WORK]S' P>TIES DO71 BUT TO RALLY ! MASSES >\ND ! LEAD]%IP ( A SPECIFIC SET ( IDEAS & PRACTICES 7C\NT]-P[] & C\NT]-CULTURE74 

0,BOR+ FROM )90 MASS MOVEM5TS REQUIRES NON-SECT>IANISM1 & WE DO NOT OBJECT TO WORK+ ) O!R ORGANIZATIONS ( ! LEFT 9 COMMITTEES OR ON CAMPAIGNS :]E NECESS>Y4 ,BUT WE >E NOT CONV9C$ BY ! CALLS = BUILD+ UNITY )9 ! LEFT1 S9CE ?AT IS NOT \R GOAL4 ,\R ORI5TATION IS NOT T[>DS ! LEFT1 BUT T[>DS ! MASSES - 9 !IR ORGANIZATIONS 9 WORKPLACES & COMMUNITIES - & \R PROJECTS >E (T5 VA/LY DIFF]5T & REQUIRE V]Y DIFF]5T /RATEGIES ?AT >E (T5 9COMPATIBLE ) MU* ( ! LEFT'S4 ,BY WORK+ 9 MOVEM5TS1 WE AIM TO RETA9 \R POLITICAL 9DEP5D5CE1 & OP]ATE BY A CLE> PLAN1 :I* MEANS AVOID+ BO? 0DO-/UFFISM0 7ACTIONS :I* DO NOT TIE 9TO A CLE>LY ?\<T-?R\< PROGRAM71 & 0LIQUIDATIONISM0 7DISSOLV+ Y\R [N POLITICS 9TO ?AT ( ANO!R GR\P74 

,WE W\LD ALSO >GUE = RAIS+ SPECIFIC SLOGANS & IDEAS1 LIKE ANTI-ELECTIONISM1 COLLECTIVIZATION 7OV] NATIONALIZATION_/ PRIVATIZATION71 SELF-MANAGEM5T4 ,! ,U,F W\LD ALSO NE$ TO FOCUS ITS WORK AT ! BASE1 & NOT ON COMMITTEE WORK1 :ILE OPPOS+ ! CULTURE ( DEMAGOGY ?AT HAS AFFECT$ MANY MOVEM5TS 9 ,S,A4 ,RELAT$ TO ?IS1 !RE IS A /RONG NE$ TO COMBAT ! TRADITION ( POLITICAL MANIPULATION ?AT CURR5TLY GRIPS MU* ( ! LABOR MOVEM5T1 & RETURN IT TO A POLITICS ( OP5NESS1 DEBATE & POLITICAL PLURALISM4 

,*APT] #f3 ,LEFT ,UNITY1 ,LEFT ,CO-,OP]ATION OR A ,WORK+ ,CLASS ,FRONT8 
BY ,W>R5 ,MC,GREGOR 7,Z,A,C,F7 

,A CALL = SOCIALI/ ,LEFT UNITY IS HE>D WIDELY TODAY 9 ,S\? ,AFRICA1 BUT IS USUALLY TAK5 AS A CALL = UNITY ( PRAXIS 7UNITY 9 !ORETICAL PROGRAM & ACTION74 ,?IS IS SOMETIMES FRAM$ AS TRANSC5D+ OLD DIVIDES 7!SE SE5 AS \TDAT$1 DIVISIVE OR DISMISS$ AS DOGMATIC71 & SOMETIMES AS UNITY 9 ORD] TO HAVE ACTION 7RHETORICALLY SET UP AS ! OPPOSITE ( 0>M *AIR0 !ORY74 

,:AT DO WE AS REVOLUTION>Y AN>*I/S ?9K8 ,WE ?9K ?IS APPROA* IS FAIR 9 9T5TION1 ASKS IMPORTANT QUE/IONS & AIMS AT ADDRESS+ ! CRISIS ( ! LEFT & WORK+ CLASS MOVEM5TS4 

,H[EV]1 ! IDEA ?AT DIVISIONS >E \TDAT$1 DIVISIVE OR DOGMATIC IS 9CORRECT4 ,! 0LEFT0 -- TAK5 H]E TO MEAN SOCIALI/1 & NOT :I* SIDE ( ! ,P>LIAM5T>Y AISLE Y\ SIT ON -- IS A SPECTRUM 9 :I* A WIDE V>IETY ( ANTI- & NON-CAPITALI/ IDEOLOGIES & TRADITIONS RE/1 FROM ! MORE RE=MI/ SOCIAL-DEMOCRACY ON ONE 5D1 TO ! REVOLUTION>Y AN>*I/ & ,M>XI/ SETS1 ON ! O!R4 

,HAV+ !SE V]Y DIFF]5T APPROA*ES IS NOT :AT WEAK5S ! LEFT4 ,A CALL = LEFT UNITY AS A UNITY ( PRAXIS MISUND]/&S 7OR IGNORES7 ! VALUE ( DIFF]5CE & PROGRESSIVE DEBATE TO !ORETICAL DEVELOPM5T & /RATEGIC 9NOVATION4 ,?IS DEVELOPM5T & 9NOVATION /R5G!NS ! LEFT & IS BE/ ANTIDOTE TO BE+ DOGMATIC -- SO LONG AS IT 9VOLVES HONE/ & OP5 7BUT RESPECTFUL & CON/RUCTIVE7 DEBATE & DISAGREEM5T4 ,9 O!R WORDS IT CONTRIBUTES TO SOCIAL *ANGE4 

,?IS PROCESS REQUIRES REAL 5GAGEM5T & ?US ALSO REQUIRES AVOID+ A POLITICS ( LABEL+ OPPON5TS 9 A D]OGATORY WAY OR ) C>ICATURES 9 ORD] TO DISMISS 9/EAD ( 5GAGE !M4 ,DISMISS+ :OLE SETS ( IDEAS & EXP]I5CES BY LABEL+ !M DOGMATIC1 DIVISIVE OR \TDAT$ 7OR ULTRA-LEFT OR REACTION>Y ETC47 IS ITSELF DOGMATIC4 

,! T]M 0LEFT01 & ! T]M SOCIALISM1 >E NOT & CANNOT BE R$UCIBLE TO ANY ONE ( !SE IDEOLOGIES1 & 9 P>TICUL>1 >E NOT R$UCIBLE TO ,M>XISM4 

,IF LEFT UNITY MEANS REAL UNITY ( PRAXIS IT W\LD MEAN A SYN!SIS4 ,H[EV]1 A SYN!SIS IS NOT TRULY POSSIBLE1 GIV5 H[ RADICALLY DIFF]5T LEFT TRADITIONS >E4 ,EI!R IT WILL CREATE SOME?+ 9COH]5T OR EXTREMELY VAGUE 7H[ CAN Y\1 = EXAMPLE1 REALLY BL5D ,L59I/ VANGU>DISM ) AN>*O-SYNDICALI/ C\NT]-P[]87 OR IT WILL BE A UNITY 9 NAME ONLY1 BUT :]E ONE PREEXI/+ \TLOOK IS IMPOS$4 

,IF IT'S ! =M]1 IT WILL NOT DO ANY?+ TO TAKE ! LEFT =W>D BUT REMOVE CL>ITY4 ,IF ! LATT]1 IT 9VOLVES PRESCRIB+1 SOME:AT >ROGANTLY1 ONE SPECIFIC !ORETICAL APPROA* :ILE LABEL+ O!R VIEWS AS \TDAT$1 DOGMATIC1 DIVISIVE ETC4 

,?IS LATT] APPROA*1 UN=TUNATELY1 HAS BECOME COMMON PRACTICE 9 MANY CONTEXTS1 9CLUD+ 9 ,S\? ,AFRICA4 ,IT USUALLY MEANS DISMISS+ O!R VIEWS1 !N PRESCRIB+ A PROGRAM ?AT IS BASICALLY A BR& ( ,L59ISM OR A LEFT V]SION ( SOCIAL-DEMOCRACY1 (T5 UND] LABELS LIKE 0#b#a/ C5TURY SOCIALISM10 0DEMOCRATIC SOCIALISM0 OR SOCIALI/ R5EWAL4 

,DISA/R\S PA/ FAILURES >E SKIPP$ OR EXCUS$ OR PRES5T$ 9 ! BE/ POSSIBLE LI<T4 ,IT IS NOT EXPLA9$ H[1 = EXAMPLE1 ,L59ISM WILL NOT 7YET AGA97 5D 9 A DICTATOR%IP1 AFT] IT HAS HAD OV] #c DICTATOR%IPS & NOT ONE EXAMPLE ( ANY?+ LIKE A WORK]S DEMOCRACY4 ,IT IS NOT EXPLA9$ H[1 AFT] EV]Y S+LE ,KEYNESIAN GOV]NM5T FAIL$ 9 ! FACE ( CAPITALI/ GLOBALIZATION1 SOCIAL-DEMOCRATIC S*EMES WILL SUDD5LY WORK N[1 UND] GLOBAL CAPITALISM4 

,A LOT ( :AT IS PRES5T$ AS NEW OR AS 9NOVATIVE IS OLD W9E 9 NEW BOTTLES4 ,IDEAS GET PUT 9 NEW BOTTLES4 ,= EXAMPLE1 ! IDEA ( BUILD+ A SOLID>ITY ECONOMY ( COOP]ATIVES TO 5D OR EXIT CAPITALISM IS V]Y OLD1 GO+ BACK TO ,P4,J4 ,PR\DHON 9 ! #a#h#dS2 ! IDEA ( /ATE-FUND$ WORK]-RUN F>MS GOES BACK TO ,L\IS ,BLANC 9 ! SAME P]IOD4 ,BO? APPROA*ES HAVE FAIL$ TO CREATE ANY?+ ABLE TO 5D CAPITALISM = OV] #ae YE>S & IT'S NOT CLE> :Y !Y %\LD BE TRI$ YET AGA94 

,A DIFF]5T CALL = LEFT UNITY CALLS = A ,MASS ,WORK]S ,P>TY4 ,BUT ?IS IDEA IS ROOT$ 9 ! ,M>XI/ TRADITION4 ,! CALL SKIPS V]Y S]I\S DEBATES1 P>TICUL>LY OV] /ATE P[]1 ! ROLE ( UNIONS1 ELECTORALISM1 REPRES5TATIVE V]SUS P>TICIPATORY DEMOCRACY1 VANGU>DISM ETC4 ,IT DOES NOT 5GAGE ) :E!R AN APPROA* BAS$ ON CAPTUR+ 9DIVIDUAL /ATES CAN A*IEVE ANY?+ UND] NEO-LIB]AL GLOBALIZATION4 

,:ILE BO? ,M>XI/S1 SOCIAL DEMOCRATS & NATIONALI/S >E AGRE$ ON A PROJECT ( POLITICAL P>TIES CAPTUR+ /ATE P[]1 AN>*ISM >ISES AS A WORK+ CLASS SOCIALI/ IDEOLOGICAL MOVEM5T ?AT REJECTS EXACTLY ?IS APPROA*4 ,IT IS A CRITIQUE ( ! /&>D ,M>XI/ POLITICAL PROGRAM BUT TI$ TO A DI/9CTIVE AN>*I/ ANALYSIS ( ! /ATE ITSELF AS A FUNDAM5TAL SITE ( M9ORITY CLASS RULE4 

,N[1 !RE MAY BE MANY IDEAS COMMON TO BO? ,M>XI/ & AN>*I/ BRAN*ES ( ! SOCIALI/ FAMILY1 SU* AS ! NECESSITY ( MASS WORK+ CLASS /RUGGLE1 ANTI-CAPITALISM1 ETC4 ,BUT !RE >E DEEP DIFF]5CES ( PHILOSOPHY4 

,!SE 9CLUDE1 BUT >E NOT LIMIT$ TO1 ON ONE H& !ORY1 SU* AS AN>*ISM'S V]Y DIFF]5T ANALYSIS ( :AT ! /ATE IS & H[ IT WORKS1 :AT CLASS IS1 :E!R CAPITALISM CAN BE PROGRESSIVE1 ETC4 ,?IS APPROA* LEADS TO ! AN>*I/ VIEW ?AT /ATES & P>TIES AIM+ AT /ATE P[] CANNOT BE US$ TO CREATE A FREE1 NON-CAPITALI/ SOCIAL ORD]4 ,ON ! O!R H&1 AS REG>DS APPLICATION1 SEE ALSO AN>*ISM'S VEHEM5T 9SI/5CE ON DEMOCRATIC1 COLLECTIVE SELF-RELIANCE & 9DIVIDUAL FRE$OM )9 A COOP]ATIVE COMMUNAL SOCIETY2 V]SUS ! /ATE & P>TY-C5T]$ APPROA* ?AT HAS OV]:ELM+LY DOM9AT$ 9 ,M>XISM4 ,AN APPROA*1 LOCAT$ 9 ITS [N HI/ORICAL CANON1 :I* AN>*I/S >GUE1 AMONG O!R CLAIMS ATTRIBUT$ TO IT1 GIVES ,M>XISM ITS FUNDAM5TALLY AU?ORIT>IAN & ANTI-DEMOCRATIC NATURE4 

,!SE DIFF]5CES >E NOT A MATT] ( DOGMATISM OR SECT>IANISM4 ,!Y %\LD ALSO NOT BE ]AS$ 9 ! NAME ( 0LEFT UNITY01 :I* EFFECTIVELY PUTS ! ,S\? ,AFRICAN LEFT BACK ON ! /ATI/ TRACK4 

,OBVI\SLY !RE >E & WILL BE MANY >EAS ( COOP]ATION & CAMPAIGN+ -- W\LD !RE REALLY BE ANY S]I\S DIVISION OV]1 = EXAMPLE1 OPPOS+ G5D]-BAS$ VIOL5CE1 CLIMATE *ANGE1 ORGANIZ+ WORKPLACES1 FI<T+ = L& RE=M8 

,!RE WILL ALWAYS1 H[EV]1 BE A P>T+ ( WAYS OV] H[ TO PURSUE !SE AIMS1 OV] LONG-T]M VISION & SO ON1 AS P] ! DICTATES ( IDEOLOGICAL DIFF]5CE4 

,SIL5C+ ! DEBATE 9 ! NAME ( UNITY MI<T BE WELL-9T5TION$1 BUT IT %UTS D[N USEFUL DEBATES & DEMOCRATIC SPACE4 ,ADDITIONALLY1 IT PREFIGURES A POLITICS ?AT VIEWS DIFF]5CE AS DANG]\S4 ,HI/ORICALLY ?IS1 :5 TAK5 TO EXTREMES1 SAW ,M>XI/S 9 /ATE P[] L9+ UP LEFT OPPON5TS = JAIL1 EXILE &_/OR EXECUTION1 & SOCIAL DEMOCRAT-L$ GOV]NM5TS CRU%+ REVOLUTIONS4 

,:AT IS ( GREAT] IMPORTANCE IS A UNITY ?R\< ORGANIZATION >\ND & 9 WORK+ CLASS /RUGGLE4 ,IT ALSO MEANS REALIZ+ ! 9EVITABILITY ( CONFLICT1 BUT UTILIZ+ IT AS A MEANS ( REVOLUTION>Y 9/ITUTIONAL & !ORETICAL DEVELOPM5T4 ,MO/ SURELY1 A PROGRAM ( ACTION IS NE$$ IF !SE1 \R ORGANIZATIONS SEEK TRANS=MATION ( SOCIETY1 & IF WE AIM TO CREATE UNITY ACROSS ! MANY SITES ( WORK+ CLASS ORGANIZATION & /RUGGLE4 

,H[EV]1 ?IS PROGRAM1 ITS PHILOSOPHY1 KEY CONCEPTS & IDEAS = *ANGE & RECON/RUCTION MU/ BE TE/$ & RE=MULAT$ 9 /RUGGLE4 ,H]E1 /RUGGLE IS NOT ONLY MEANT ! FI<T = BETT] DAY-TO-DAY WORK+ & LIV+ CONDITIONS1 GREAT] POLITICAL FRE$OMS1 & SO ON4 ,IT ALSO 9VOLVES ! CON/ANT & CONSI/5T DEVELOPM5T ( IDEAS & ACTION4 ,?IS REQUIRES 5GAG+ IDEAS 9 AN OP51 HONE/1 CRITICAL & SELF-REFLECTIVE WAY1 CONTRIBUT+ TO ! DEVELOPM5T ( ! 9/RUM5TS ( REVOLUTION>Y1 SOCIALI/ CLASS /RUGGLE3 ! WORK]S' ORGANIZATIONS 7LIKE UNIONS & COMMUNITY-BAS$ ORGANIZATIONS7 TO BUILD ! P[] = ?OR\<-GO+ SOCIO-ECONOMIC RECON/RUCTION 7! REVOLUTION74 

,?IS 9T]NAL DEVELOPM5TAL /RUGGLE 9 MOVEM5TS %\LD BE WAG$ AS A BATTLE ( IDEAS BETWE51 YES1 COMPET+ IDEOLOGICAL SETS = 9FLU5CE 91 BUT NEV] IMPOS$ ONTO ! MASS MOVEM5T4 ,TO CLAIM ?AT Y\R !ORY NOT ONLY UND]/&S ! PA? ( HI/ORY1 BUT ! EV5TUALITY ( ! DE/9ATION & ?US ITS [N !ORETICAL PURITY1 IS PURE DELUSION4 ,WE CAN SAFELY PR$ICT P>TICUL> PATT]NS BAS$ ON HI/ORICAL PREC$5T1 BUT SU* DEF9ITE ASS]TIONS & TELEOLOGIES >E UNSCI5TIFIC1 UNCRITICAL & EFFECTIVELY IMPOSE A CLAIM ON & /RUCTURE ( LEAD]%IP4 ,!SE LEAD]%IP =MS DEVELOP & ASS]T IMMOVABLE CONTROL OV] MOVEM5TS1 SUCK ! CREATIVE LIFE \T ( MOVEM5TS & >E FUNDAM5TALLY AU?ORIT>IAN1 NO MATT] ! 9ITIAL 9DIVIDUAL *>ACT]I/ICS ( ?OSE MAK+ !M4 

,IT IS DEEPLY MISLEAD+ TO PRES5T !ORY AS A PO9TLESS DI/RACTION FROM /RUGGLE AS IT IS %AP$ BY & BUILDS IT4 ,ANTI-!ORETICAL APPROA*ES PRES5T DIFF]5CE AS A PROBLEM ( DOGMA OR SECT>IANISM -- & !RE=E CANNOT SEE ?AT DIFF]5CES >E USEFUL -- OR PRES5T !ORY AS A LAZY 0>M*AIR0 9DULG5CE ?AT PREV5TS US 0DO+0 ?+S4 ,BUT !ORY IS BO? A PROCESS & AN 9/RUM5T ( HUMAN ACTION & SOCIALI/ !ORY CANNOT1 !RE=E1 BE DIVORC$ FROM PROGRESSIVE SOCIALI/ ACTION4 

,?US ANY CALL = LEFT UNITY1 NO MATT] H[ WELL-9T5TION$1 FAILS TO ADDRESS ! FACT ?AT MANY LEFT IDEOLOGIES EXI/1 & MISSES ! PO9T ALTOGE!R AS TO :AT %\LD DRIVE ! SOCIALI/ SOCIAL TRANS=MATION MANY ( US >E WORK+ T[>DS4 

,:AT WE %\LD ?9K (1 RA!R1 IS BUILD+ & /R5G!N+ A WORK+ CLASS FRONT1 BAS$ ON UNIONS1 COMMUNITY-BAS$ MOVEM5TS1 LEFT GR\PS1 COOP]ATIVES1 ETC41 :I* CAN COOP]ATE >\ND SPECIFIC CAMPAIGNS & DEM&S4 ,!SE MOVEM5TS %\LD BE 9T]NALLY DEMOCRATIC1 POLITICALLY PLURALI/ 9 :I* DIFF]5T LEFT GR\PS CAN COOP]ATE ) ONE ANO!R -- & FRANKLY1 MU* MORE IMPORTANTLY -- 5GAGE ! MASS MOVEM5TS4 ,MOVEM5TS 9 :I* DIFF]5T P]SPECTIVES >E 5C\RAG$1 DEVELOP$ & TE/$4 ,NO GR\P SURR5D]S POLITICAL 9DEP5D5CE -- ! RI<T TO HAVE1 EXPRESS & CAMPAIGN = !IR VIEWS -- 9 ! NAME ( UNITY1 BUT ALL CAN COOP]ATE ON SPECIFIC ISSUES4 

,! IDEA IS NOT TO WI% AWAY DIFF]5CE1 & TO CREATE A P>TY = ! WORK+ CLASS1 BUT TO UNITE BIG & SMALL WORK+ CLASS =MATIONS2 ! IDEA IS NOT TO PRET5D DIFF]5CE DOESN'T EXI/1 OR TO CONFLATE ! WORK+ CLASS MOVEM5T ) ONE IDEOLOGY2 ! IDEA IS ?AT DIFF]5CE & DEBATE >E ESS5TIAL1 NOT \TDAT$1 DOGMATIC1 PO9TLESS4 ,IT IS DE/RUCTIVE ONLY ( C5TRALIZ$ AU?ORITY1 ( DICTATOR%IP4 

,?IS DOES NOT MEAN A CONF]5CE OR SYMPOSIUM ( ! LEFT IS 9 & ( ITSELF USELESS1 BUT PREVI\S ATTEMPTS HAVE ALMO/ C]TA9LY DESC5D$ 9TO DIFF]5T GR\PS & 9DIVIDUALS GIV+ !IR POSITIONS1 )\T A USEFUL DISCUSSION ( CONV]G5CE OR DIV]G5CE4 ,MORE IMPORTANT IS TO HAVE DEBATES & DISCUSSIONS )9 ! L>G] WORK+ CLASS & ITS MOVEM5TS BEYOND ! LEFT1 :]E !RE IS WORK+ CLASS 5GAGEM5T ) DIFF]5T IDEAS1 ! TE/ ( PRACTICE1 US+ AN ONGO+ S]IES ( WORK%OPS1 MEET+S1 LOCALS1 M$IA & CAMPAIGNS4 ,9 SU* A SITUATION !RE IS A BATTLE ( IDEAS & A BATTLE = ! LEAD]%IP ( IDEAS1 MO/ SURELY1 :ILE GU>D+ AGA9/ A MANIPULATION ( PROCESSES1 CLOS+ DEBATES BY LABELS1 OR A 0BIG MAN0 POLITICS ( DEMAGOGY4 

,FROM 3 ,!,AN>*I/,LIBR>Y4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,JANU>Y #b#c1 #bba 3 ,BUILD+ ,WORK+ ,CLASS ,UNITY 9 ,S\? ,AFRICA -- ,ADD$4 
,JANU>Y #f1 #bbb 3 ,BUILD+ ,WORK+ ,CLASS ,UNITY 9 ,S\? ,AFRICA -- ,UPDAT$4 

 FILE G5]AT$ FROM 3  
HTTP3_/_/REVOLTLIB4COM_/