,CAMBODIA 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,NOAM ,*OMSKY 

,TEXT 3 

,I 

,9 #a#i#d#g1 COMM5T+ ON ! RIS+ TIDE ( 0ANTI-,COMMUNI/0 HY/]IA 9 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES1 ,JOHN ,K4 ,FAIRBANK MADE ! FOLL[+ P]CEPTIVE OBS]VATIONS3 

,\R FE> ( ,COMMUNISM1 P>TLY AS AN EXPRESSION ( \R G5]AL FE> ( ! FUTURE1 WILL CONT9UE TO 9SPIRE US TO AGGRESSIVE ANTI-,COMMUNI/ POLICIES 9 ,ASIA & ELSE:]E1 .<&.> ! ,AM]ICAN PEOPLE WILL BE L$ TO ?9K & MAY HONE/LY BELIEVE ?AT ! SUPPORT ( ANTI-,COMMUNI/ GOV]NM5TS 9 ,ASIA WILL SOMEH[ DEF5D ! ,AM]ICAN WAY ( LIFE4 ,?IS L9E ( ,AM]ICAN POLICY WILL LEAD TO ,AM]ICAN AID TO E/ABLI% REGIMES :I* ATTEMPT TO SUPPRESS ! POPUL> MOVEM5TS 9 ,9DONESIA1 ,9DO*9A1 ! ,PHILIPP9ES1 & ,*9A4444 ,?US1 AFT] SETT+ \T TO FI<T ,COMMUNISM 9 ,ASIA1 ! ,AM]ICAN PEOPLE WILL BE OBLIG$ 9 ! 5D TO FI<T ! PEOPLES ( ,ASIA4 

,?IS ,AM]ICAN AGGRESSION ABROAD WILL BE ASSOCIAT$ ) AN 9CREAS+ TR5D T[>D ANTI-,COMMUNI/ AU?ORIT>IANISM )9 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES1 :I* ITS VICTIMS WILL CALL FASCISM & :I* MAY EV5TUALLY MAKE IT IMPOSSIBLE TO HAVE DISCUSSIONS LIKE ?IS ONE TODAY4 ,?IS ,AM]ICAN FASCISM WILL COME1 IF IT COMES1 BECAUSE ,AM]ICAN LIB]ALS HAVE JO9$ ! ,AM]ICAN PUBLIC 9 A FE> ( ,COMMUNISM FROM ABROAD RA!R ?AN FASCISM AT HOME AS ! *IEF TOTALIT>IAN M5ACE4.<#a.> 

,!SE REM>KS HAVE PROV$ TO BE ACCURATE4 ,! EV5TS ( ! PA/ FEW WEEKS REVEAL1 ONCE AGA91 H[ ! ,AM]ICAN POLICY ( 0ANTI-,COMMUNISM0--TO BE MORE PRECISE1 ! EF=T TO PREV5T ! DEVELOPM5T ( 9DIG5\S MOVEM5TS ?AT MI<T EXTRICATE !IR SOCIETIES FROM ! 9TEGRAT$ WORLD SY/EM DOM9AT$ BY ,AM]ICAN CAPITAL--DRAWS ! ,AM]ICAN GOV]NM5T1 /EP BY FATEFUL /EP1 9TO AN 5DLESS W> AGA9/ ! PEOPLE ( ,ASIA1 &1 AS AN 9EVITABLE CONCOMITANT1 T[>D H>% REPRESSION & DEFIANCE ( LAW AT HOME4 

,! 9VASION ( ,CAMBODIA BY ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES & ITS ,SAIGON SUBSIDI>Y COMES AS NO SURPRISE1 9 ! LI<T ( REC5T EV5TS 9 ,S\!A/ ,ASIA4 ,S9CE #a#i#f#h1 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES HAS /EADILY ESCALAT$ ! W> 9 ,LAOS1 BO? ON ! GR\ND1 AS ! ,C,I,A-SPONSOR$ ,CL&E/9E ,>MY SWEPT ?R\< ! ,PLA9 ( ,J>S 9 LATE #a#i#f#i1 & FROM ! AIR4 ,:5 ! REPORT ( ! ,SYM+TON SUBCOMMITTEE ON ,LAOS WAS F9ALLY RELEAS$ ON ,APRIL #b1 ! ,WA%+TON ,PO/ C>RI$ ! FRONT-PAGE HEADL9E3 ,U,S ,E,S,C,A,L,A,T,E,S ,W,> ,9 ,L,A,O,S1 ,H,I,L,L ,D,I,S,C,L,O,S,E,S4 ,! HEADL9E WAS ACCURATE2 O!R EVID5CE1 TO :I* ,I %ALL RETURN 9 A LAT] >TICLE1 %[S ?AT ! SUBCOMMITTEE HE>+S S]I\SLY UND]/ATE ! SCALE1 & ! GRIM EFFECTS1 ( ! ,AM]ICAN ESCALATION4 ,?IS ,AM]ICAN ESCALATION PROVOK$ A RESPONSE BY ! ,PA!T ,LAO & ,NOR? ,VIETNAM1 :O N[ CONTROL MORE ( ,LAOS ?AN EV] BE=E1 & L$ TO DEVA/ATION & POPULATION REMOVAL ON A VA/ SCALE4 

! DE/ABILIZ+ EV5T 9 ,CAMBODIA--ASSIDU\SLY IGNOR$ BY ,PRESID5T ,NIXON 9 HIS SPEE* ( ,APRIL #c ANN\NC+ ! ,AM]ICAN 9VASION.<#b.> --WAS ! RI<T-W+ C\P ( ,M>* #ah :I* OV]?REW ,PR9CE ,SIHAN\K & DROVE HIM 9TO AN ALLIANCE ) ! ,CAMBODIAN LEFT & ! MASS POPUL> MOVEM5TS ( ,LAOS & ,VIETNAM1 :I* >E DOM9AT$ BY LEFT-W+ =CES4 ,! C\P1 & ! EV5TS ?AT FOLL[$1 MU/ BE UND]/OOD AS A FUR!R /EP 9 ! 9T]NATIONALIZATION ( ! ,VIETNAM W>4 ,H[EV]1 ! C\P %\LD ALSO BE SE5 9 ! CONTEXT ( DEVELOPM5TS 9T]NAL TO ,CAMBODIA OV] ! PA/ SEV]AL YE>S4 ,!SE FACTORS >E1 ( C\RSE1 9T]-RELAT$4 

,S9CE E>LY #aifd ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES HAS BE5 CONDUCT+ ITS W> 9 ,9DO*9A FROM SANCTU>IES SCATT]$ FROM ,?AIL& TO ,OK9AWA4 ,! BOMB>DM5T ( ,LAOS1 :I* APPE>S TO HAVE BEGUN 9 ,MAY1 #a#i#f#d1 & ! 9T5SIVE BOMB>DM5T ( ,NOR? & ,S\? ,VIETNAM ?AT FOLL[$ 9 ,FEBRU>Y1 #a#i#f#e1 MAKE USE ( BASES 9 ,?AIL&1 ,S\? ,VIETNAM1 ,OK9AWA1 ! ,PHILIPP9ES1 & ,GUAM1 NOT TO SPEAK ( ! NAVAL UNITS ?AT CONTROL ! SURR\ND+ OCEANS4 ,! CONTROL C5T] = ! BOMB+ ( ,NOR? ,VIETNAM & ,NOR!RN ,LAOS IS 9 ,?AIL&1 PRESUMABLY1 AT ,UDORN AIRBASE4 ,9 #a#i#f#h1 ! BOMB+ ( ,LAOS GREATLY 9CREAS$ 9 9T5SITY1 :5 AIRCRAFT =M]LY EMPLOY$ AGA9/ ,NOR? ,VIETNAM W]E %IFT$ TO ! BOMB>DM5T ( ,LAOS4 ,9 #a#i#f#i1 ! BOMB+ ( ,NOR!RN ,LAOS WAS AGA9 GREATLY 9T5SIFI$ AS 9FILTRATION FELL (F ON ! SO-CALL$ 0,HO ,*I ,M9H ,TRAIL40 ,MO/ ( ?IS >EA HAS LONG BE5 UND] ,PA!T ,LAO CONTROL4 

,AS A GLANCE AT ! MAP MAKES CLE>1 ! BOMB+ ( ,NOR!RN ,LAOS TAKES PLACE 9 A REGION F> REMOV$ FROM ! 0,HO ,*I ,M9H ,TRAIL0 & HAS NO DIRECT CONNECTION TO ! W> 9 ,S\? ,VIETNAM4 ,IT IS1 9 FACT1 DIRECT$ AGA9/ CIVILIAN T>GETS & HAS RESULT$ 9 ALMO/ TOTAL DE/RUCTION ( MO/ SETTL$ >EAS & =C$ EVACUATION ( MU* ( ! POPULATION4 ,:]E PEOPLE REMA91 !Y LIVE1 = ! MO/ P>T1 9 CAVES & TUNNELS4 ,ACCORD+ TO ,AM]ICAN ,EMBASSY FIGURES1 ! POPULATION REMA9+ 9 ! ,PA!T ,LAO ZONES IS OV] A MILLION1 WELL OV] A ?IRD ( ! POPULATION ( ,LAOS4 ,!RE MAY BE AS MANY AS ?REE-QU>T]S ( A MILLION REFUGEES 9 ! GOV]NM5T-CONTROLL$ >EAS4 ,! PLANES ?AT ATTACK ,NOR!RN ,LAOS >E BAS$ 9 ,?AIL&1 :]EAS ! BOMB+ ( ,S\!RN ,LAOS 79CLUD+ ! 0,HO ,*I ,M9H ,TRAIL07 ORIG9ATES FROM ,DANANG1 ,PLEIKU1 & ! ,SEV5? ,FLEET4 ,N[ ! ,?AI BASES >E ALSO BE+ US$ TO BOMB ,CAMBODIA4.<#c.> 

,! ,AM]ICAN ESCALATION ( ! W> 9 ,LAOS PROVOK$ A RESPONSE BY ! ,COMMUNI/ =CES1 :I* N[ CONTROL MORE ( ,LAOS ?AN EV] BE=E4 7,I %ALL RETURN TO ! DETAILS 9 A LAT] >TICLE47 ,S9CE ?IS RESULT WAS PR$ICTABLE1 ! QUE/ION NATURALLY >ISES3 ,:AT WAS ! ,AM]ICAN GOV]NM5T HOP+ TO ACCOMPLI% BY ! #a#i#f#h-#i ESCALATION8 ,SOME REG>D ?IS ESCALATION AS M]ELY ANO!R MAJOR ]ROR ( ! ,P5TAGON & ! ,C,I,A1 BUT !RE >E GR\NDS = SKEPTICISM4 ,! OBJECTIVE ( ! BOMB+ SEEMS TO BE TO DE/ROY ! CIVIL SOCIETY ADM9I/]$ BY ! ,PA!T ,LAO4 ,QUITE POSSIBLY1 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES IS PURSU+ 9 ,LAOS ! DUAL POLICY ( MASSIVE DE/RUCTION 9 >EAS ?AT >E BEYOND ! REA* ( ,AM]ICAN-CONTROLL$ >MIES1 & REMOVAL ( ! POPULATION TO REFUGEE CAMPS & URBAN SLUMS :]EV] ?IS IS FEASIBLE4 ,?IS HAS BE5 ! EFFECT ( ! ,AM]ICAN ESCALATION1 & IT IS LIKELY ?AT IT WAS ! 9T5D$ EFFECT1 AS 9 ,VIETNAM4 

,TO FACILITATE ! ALL-WEA!R BOMB>DM5T ( ,NOR? ,VIETNAM1 ADVANC$ NAVIGATIONAL FACILITIES W]E E/ABLI%$ 9 ,NOR!A/]N ,LAOS4 ,ONE ( !SE1 AT ,PH\ ,PHA ,?I1 BECAME KN[N TO ! ,AM]ICAN PUBLIC :5 IT WAS OV]RUN ON ,M>* #a#a1 #a#i#f#h4 ,IT WAS SEV5TE5 MILES FROM ! BORD] ( ,NOR? ,VIETNAM1 ON A M\NTA9 PEAK4 ,!RE W]E ,AM]ICAN CASUALTIES1 BUT ! NUMB] REMA9S CLASSIFI$4 ,! BASE HAD BE5 E/ABLI%$ 9 #a#i#f#f4 ,O!R SU* FACILITIES W]E E/ABLI%$1 BUT 9=MATION IS CLASSIFI$4 ,! ,C,I,A HAS ALSO 5DEAVOR$ TO MA9TA9 GU]RILLA BASES 9 !SE T]RITORIES1 LONG ADM9I/]$ BY ! ,PA!T ,LAO4.<#d.> 

,! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES ALSO HAS EMPLOY$ EXT5SIVE M]C5>Y =CES--! T]M IS PRECISE--FROM ,S\? ,KOREA1 ,?AIL&1 & ! ,PHILIPP9ES1 AS WELL AS ,*9ESE & ,CAMBODIAN M]C5>IES4 ,! NUMB] ( !SE =CES1 TAK5 TOGE!R ) ! TROOPS FROM ,AU/RALIA & ,NEW ,ZEAL&1 OV] ! YE>S1 HAS BE5 AB\T ! SAME AS ?AT ( ! ,NOR? ,VIETNAMESE CLAIM$ BY ! ,AM]ICANS TO BE 9 ,S\? ,VIETNAM4 ,( C\RSE1 ALL ( !SE =CES & !IR FIRE P[] >E QUITE SMALL AS COMP>$ ) ! ,AM]ICAN OCCUPY+ >MY1 EV5 AP>T FROM ! ,PACIFIC ,NAVAL & ,AIR ,COMM& OP]AT+ FROM ITS PRIVILEG$ SANCTU>IES4 

,DUR+ ! #a#i#fS1 ,PR9CE ,SIHAN\K TRI$1 ) MU* SUCCESS1 TO SAVE ,CAMBODIA FROM ! SPREAD+ ,9DO*9A W>4 ,NEV]!LESS1 ! W> HAS SPILL$ OV] 9TO ,EA/]N ,CAMBODIA4 ,?OSE :OSE 9=MATION IS RE/RICT$ TO ,AM]ICAN GOV]NM5T PROPAG&A MAY HAVE VISIONS ( AN 9VASION ( ,CAMBODIA BY GREAT ,NOR? ,VIETNAMESE >MIES4 ,! TRU? IS RA!R DIFF]5T4 ,AS ,AM]ICAN GR\ND SWEEPS & A]IAL BOMB>DM5T DEVA/AT$ MU* ( ! ,VIETNAMESE C\NTRYSIDE1 ,VIETNAMESE RESI/ANCE =CES HAVE TAK5 REFUGE 9 SP>SELY 9HABIT$ >EAS ( ,EA/]N ,CAMBODIA1 :I* HAVE 9CREAS+LY BE5 US$ AS RE/-&-RECREATION >EAS &1 CONCEIVABLY1 COMM& PO/S4 ,AT ! SAME TIME1 ! >M$ =CES ( ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES & ITS ALLIES & COLLABORATORS HAVE C>RI$ \T SUB/ANTIAL MILIT>Y ATTACKS AGA9/ ,CAMBODIA4 ,EVID5CE IS MEAG]1 BUT :AT !RE IS SUPPORTS !SE G5]AL CONCLUSIONS4 

,! E>LI] /AGES >E DESCRIB$ AS FOLL[S BY ! ,AM]ICAN J\RNALI/ ,MI*AEL ,LEIF]3 

,FROM ! E>LY #a#i#f'S *>GES HAD BE5 LEVEL$ FROM ,SAIGON & LAT] FROM ,WA%+TON ?AT ,CAMBODIAN T]RITORY WAS BE+ US$ AS AN ACTIVE SANCTU>Y = ,VIET ,CONG 9SURG5TS4 ,PR9CE ,SIHAN\K HAD D5I$ ! *>GES CONSI/5TLY & ! D5IALS HAD ALWAYS BE5 SUB/ANTIAT$ AS A RESULT ( 9QUIRIES BY ! ,9T]NATIONAL ,CONTROL ,COMMISSION = ,CAMBODIA1 BY ,WE/]N J\RNALI/S1 & EV5 BY ,WE/]N MILIT>Y ATTA*ES /ATION$ 9 ,PHNOM ,P5H4.<#e.> 

,9 ,JULY1 #a#i#f#f1 AN ,AM]ICAN /UDY TEAM 9VE/IGAT$ SPECIFIC *>GES BY ! ,U,S GOV]NM5T ON ! SC5E & F\ND !M TO BE 5TIRELY )\T SUB/ANCE4.<#f.> ,H[EV]1 ! TEAM HAPP5$ TO BE PRES5T IMM$IATELY AFT] AN ,AM]ICAN HELICOPT] ATTACK ON ! ,CAMBODIAN VILLAGE ( ,?LOK ,TRA*1 & ITS PUBLI%$ REPORT1 RELY+ ON 9=MATION SUPPLI$ BY ,CAMBODIAN (FICIALS1 ALSO M5TIONS O!R SPECIFIC ATTACKS ON VILLAGES4 ,! ,?LOK ,TRA* ATTACK WAS AT FIR/ D5I$ BY ! ,U,S1 BUT WAS !N CONC$$1 S9CE EYEWITNESSES 79CLUD+ A ,C,B,S TELEVISION TEAM7 W]E PRES5T4 7,?IS1 9CID5TALLY1 IS ! USUAL PATT]N4 ,TO CITE ONLY ! MO/ REC5T CASE1 ! BOMB+ ( ,NOR? ,VIETNAM ON ,MAY #a1 #a#i#g1 WAS ADMITT$ BY ! ,U,S GOV]NM5T1 BUT1 IT APPE>S1 ONLY AFT] A REPORT WAS FIL$ BY AN ,AM]ICAN NEWSMAN1 ,ROB]T ,BOYD1 :O HAPP5$ TO BE PRES5T NE> ! SITE ( ! BOMB+4.<#g.> 7 

,! ,CAMBODIANS REPORT MANY O!R SU* 9CID5TS4 ,= EXAMPLE1 ON #bd ,FEBRU>Y #a#i#f#g1 0A L>GE NUMB] ( >M$ =CES ELEM5TS CONSI/+ ( ,AM]ICANS1 ,S\? ,VIETNAMESE & ,S\? ,KOREANS 5T]$ ,CAMBODIAN T]RITORY & FIR$ HEAVILY ON ! ,KHM] DEF5D]S ( ! VILLAGE ( ,DUAN ,RO?4444 ,ON ! SAME DAY444AIRCRAFT ( ! SAME >M$ =CES HEAVILY BOMB$ ! ,KHM] VILLAGE ( ,*RAK ,KRANK444.<:I*.> WAS !N 9VAD$ & BURN$ BY ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES-,S\? ,VIETNAMESE TROOPS0 :O OCCUPI$ ! VILLAGE UNTIL ,M>* #c4.<#h.> 

,ACCORD+ TO (FICIAL ,CAMBODIAN /ATI/ICS1 UP TO ,MAY1 #a#i#f#i1 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES & ITS ALLIES W]E RESPONSIBLE = #ahfd BORD] VIOLATIONS1 #eadi AIR VIOLATIONS1 #bic ,CAMBODIAN DEA?S1 & #fi ,CAMBODIANS W\ND$40.<#i.> 

,9 A REVIEW ( EV5TS ( #a#i#f#g1 ,ROG] ,SMI? WRITES ?AT RELATIONS BETWE5 ,CAMBODIA & ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES 0W]E /RA9$ BECAUSE ( P]IODIC ,S\? ,VIETNAMESE BOMB+ ( ,CAMBODIAN VILLAGES ALONG ! ,S\? ,VIETNAMESE FRONTI]1 >M$ 9CURSIONS FROM ,?AIL&1 &1 LATE 9 ! YE>1 A REPORT$ ,S\? ,VIETNAMESE-9SPIR$ BLOCKADE ( %IPP+ TO ,PHNOM ,P5H VIA ! ,MEKONG ,RIV]40.<#a.> ,ADDITIONAL PROBLEMS W]E CAUS$ BY ! ACTIVITIES ( ! ,KHM] ,S]EI 7,FREE ,KHM]S71 :I*1 9 ! BEG9N+ ( #a#i#f#f1 0DECL>$ W> ON ,CAMBODIA & CLAIM$ RESPONSIBILITY = 9CURSIONS ACROSS ! BORD]40.<#a#a.> 

,! ,KHM] ,S]EI IS L$ BY AN ADV5TUR] NAM$ ,SONGSAK1 :O FL$ ,CAMBODIA BY BRIB+ A PILOT ( AN AVIATION CLUB 7TAK+ ) HIM ALL ITS FUNDS71 & ! FASCI/ ,SON ,NGOC ,?ANH1 :O WAS ! HEAD ( ! ,CAMBODIAN GOV]NM5T UND] ! ,JAPANESE1 & !N SWIT*$ HIS ALLEGIANCE TO ! ,C,I,A--NOT AN UNFAMILI> PATT]N4.<#a#b.> ,?IS GR\P IS MADE UP ( ,CAMBODIANS :O W]E TRA9$ BY ! ,AM]ICAN ,SPECIAL ,=CES 9 ,S\? ,VIETNAM & HAVE C>RI$ \T OP]ATIONS AGA9/ ,CAMBODIA FROM BASES 9 ,S\? ,VIETNAM & ,?AIL&4.<#a#c.> ,WE %ALL RETURN TO ?IS 9T]E/+ ORGANIZATION & ITS REC5T ACTIVITIES 9 A MOM5T4 

,! ,CAMBODIAN ,GOV]NM5T ,:ITE ,PAP] ( ,JANU>Y1 #aig 7SEE NOTE #i7 COV]S EV5TS UP UNTIL ,MAY1 #a#i#f#i4 ,S9CE !N1 !RE HAVE BE5 MANY FUR!R 9CID5TS4 ,! ,AM]ICAN BIOLOGI/ ,>?UR ,WE/+1 :O WAS 9VE/IGAT+ ,AM]ICAN DEFOLIATION 9 ,CAMBODIA 7SEE NOTE #i71 9SPECT$ ! SITE ( ONE SU* 9CID5T %ORTLY AFT] IT OCCURR$ LA/ ,NOVEMB]4 ,HE DESCRIBES ?IS AS A 0P>TICUL>LY VICI\S0 CASE4 ,A VILLAGE WAS ATTACK$1 & H\SES1 A S*OOL1 LIVE/OCK1 A HOSPITAL M>K$ ) A GIANT R$ CROSS ON ITS RO(1 & A WELL-M>K$ AMBULANCE TRY+ TO RETRIEVE W\ND$ W]E ALL DE/ROY$ BY BOMBS1 ROCKETS1 & NAPALM4 ,! ,I,C,C REPORT$ NO EVID5CE ( ! PRES5CE ( ,VIET ,CONG1 NOR C\LD ! ,U,S PRODUCE ANY PHOTOGRAPHIC 7OR O!R7 EVID5CE1 DESPITE DAILY RECONNAISSANCE FLI<TS4 ,! ,U,S *>GE SUGGE/$ ?AT 0\R PILOTS MU/ HAVE LO/ !IR COOL0--= AB\T =TY-EI<T H\RS4 

,WE/+ SPECULATES ?AT ! ATTACK MAY HAVE BE5 0A PUNITIVE OR RETALIATORY MEASURE FOLL[+ ! DE/RUCTION ( A ,U,S HELICOPT] LA/ ,OCTOB] #bd & P>TICUL>LY ( A ,U,S ,F-#a#e ON ,NOVEMB] #a#d1 BO? %OT D[N 9 ! C\RSE ( ATTACK+ ,DAK ,DAM 9 CASUAL & CALL\S DISREG>D ( ,CAMBODIAN NEUTRALITY40.<#a#d.> ,! ,AM]ICAN GOV]NM5T APOLOGIZ$ & PAID @s#a#a1#d 9 REP>ATIONS4 ,I %ALL RETURN BEL[ TO O!R REC5T 9CID5TS REPORT$ BY ,AM]ICANS PRES5T AT ! SC5E4 

,AS 9 ! CASE ( ,LAOS1 IT MAY BE ASK$ :AT ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES HOP$ TO A*IEVE BY !SE REPEAT$ ATTACKS ON ,CAMBODIA1 9 :I*1 SO F> AS IS KN[N1 NO ,VIET ,CONG OR ,NOR? ,VIETNAMESE WAS EV] KILL$ & NO DAMAGE WAS DONE TO ANY ,VIETNAMESE MILIT>Y SITE4 ,AGA91 IT IS POSSIBLE ?AT 0FAULTY 9TELLIG5CE0 IS TO BLAME4 ,I SUSPECT1 H[EV]1 ?AT ! A]IAL1 NAVAL1 & GR\ND ATTACKS W]E = ! MO/ P>T CAPRICI\S OR V5GEFUL1 AS APPE>S TO HAVE BE5 ! CASE 9 ! 9CID5T ?AT ,WE/+ REPORT$4 ,! ,AM]ICAN MILIT>Y DOES NOT RECOGNIZE ! RI<T ( O!RS TO DEF5D !IR [N T]RITORY FROM ,AM]ICAN ATTACK OR OV]FLI<T1 OR TO 9T]F]E ) ,AM]ICAN PLANS BY 9HABIT+ >EAS ?AT ! ,U,S GOV]NM5T FEELS %\LD BE CRAT]$ OR DEFOLIAT$4 ,& :5 SU* PEOPLE AGGRESSIVELY 9SI/ ON !SE RI<TS1 ! ,U,S AU?ORITIES FEEL FREE TO REACT AS !Y *OOSE4 ,:]E WE HAVE EVID5CE AT ALL1 IT APPE>S ?AT ! ,AM]ICAN ATTACKS ON ,CAMBODIA W]E GOV]N$ BY SU* ASSUMPTIONS1 ?\< IT IS POSSIBLE ?AT 9 SOME CASES IT WAS BELIEV$ 7APP>5TLY FALSELY7 ?AT ,VIETNAMESE MILIT>Y T>GETS W]E BE+ ATTACK$4 

,A ,EUROPEAN RESID5T ( ,PHNOM ,P5H DESCRIB$ TO A REPORT] A VISIT1 BE=E ! REC5T C\P1 TO ,SVAY ,RI5G T[N 9 ! 0,P>ROT'S ,BEAK0 >EA1 FIVE KILOMET]S FROM ! CLOSE/ BORD] PO9T3 

,DUR+ LUN*1 AN ,AM]ICAN PLANE CAME OV] & LOOP$ ! LOOP OV] ! GOV]NOR'S H\SE4 ,! PLANE KEPT DIV+ AT A ,CAMBODIAN FLAG :I* WAS FLY+ 9 ! FRONT G>D54 ,A POLICEMAN TOOK \T HIS PI/OL & FIR$ A FEW %OTS AT ! PLANE4 ,I SUPPOSE IF HE HAD HIT IT1 ! ,AM]ICANS W\LD HAVE COME 9 & NAPALM$ ! :OLE T[N4.<#a#e.> 

,AN EXAGG]ATION OR A JOKE8 ,ONE CAN H>DLY SAY SO1 GIV5 :AT EVID5CE WE HAVE REG>D+ ,AM]ICAN MILIT>Y ACTIONS4.<#a#f.> ,V]Y LIKELY SOME?+ ( ! SORT ACC\NTS = MANY1 P]HAPS MO/1 ( ! ATTACKS ON ,CAMBODIA4 

,! FIR/ ATTE/$ CASE ( A ,VIET ,CONG 9/ALLATION )9 ,CAMBODIA WAS 9 ,NOVEMB]1 #a#i#f#g1 :5 ,AM]ICAN J\RNALI/S CLAIM$ TO HAVE F\ND A ,VIET ,CONG CAMPSITE F\R MILES )9 ,CAMBODIAN T]RITORY 7SEE ,LEIF]1 OP4 CIT474 ,S9CE ?AT TIME1 ,VIET ,CONG & ,N,V,A =CES HAVE TAK5 REFUGE 9 ,EA/]N ,CAMBODIA AFT] 9T5SIVE BOMB>DM5T & ,AM]ICAN GR\ND SWEEPS 9 ,S\? ,VIETNAM1 US+ !SE T]RITORIES MU* AS ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES MAKES USE ( ,?AIL&1 ,VIETNAM1 ! ,PHILIPP9ES1 ,TAIWAN1 ,JAPAN1 ,OK9AWA1 ,GUAM1 ,HAWAII1 & ! OCEANS ( ,ASIA & ! ,PACIFIC4 7,! ANALOGY IS1 ( C\RSE1 9EXACT1 S9CE ! ,VIETNAMESE OBVI\SLY DO NOT DISPOSE ( ANY?+ LIKE ! RES\RCES ?AT ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES EMPLOYS = ITS W> AGA9/ ! PEOPLE ( ,VIETNAM1 ,LAOS1 & N[ ,CAMBODIA47 ,T4 ,D4 ,ALLMAN1 ONE ( ! MO/ KN[L$GEABLE & 5T]PRIS+ ( ! ,AM]ICAN CORRESPOND5TS N[ 9 ,CAMBODIA1 DESCRIBES ! SITUATION AS FOLL[S3 

444AL?\< T5S ( ?\S&S ( ,VIETNAMESE ,COMMUNI/ TROOPS HAVE BE5 = LONG ON ,CAMBODIAN SOIL1 !Y HAVE BE5 LY+ L[ 9 ! BORD] REGIONS & CAUS+ LITTLE TR\BLE4444 ,! >RANGEM5T HAS MEANT ! PRES5CE ( =EIGN TROOPS ON ,CAMBODIAN SOIL1 BUT IT HAS ALSO ALL[$ ,CAMBODIA1 ALONE AMONG ITS NEI<BORS1 TO PASS ?R\< ! DANG]S ( ! ,VIETNAM W> )\T HAV+ ITS C\NTRYSIDE RAVAG$ & ITS POPULATION BRUTALIZ$4.<#a#g.> 

,I WILL NOT TAKE ! SPACE TO COMM5T ON ! HYPOCRISY ( ! REF]5CE TO 0SANCTU>IES0 BY ! ,AM]ICAN GOV]NM5T & ITS PROPAG&I/S & APOLOGI/S4 ,P]HAPS ! MO/ APPROPRIATE REM>K1 9 ?IS CONNECTION1 WAS MADE BY ,PR9CE ,SIHAN\K AFT] ! C\P3 

,! CYNICISM ( ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES EXECUTIVE REA*$ ITS PEAK :5 HE DEM&$ ?AT ! RESI/ANCE =CES ( \R ?REE PEOPLES .<I4E41 ( ,VIETNAM1 ,LAOS1 & ,CAMBODIA.> EVACUATE !IR [N C\NTRIES 9 RESPONSE TO ! )DRAWAL ( A P>T ( ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES =CES1 & ESPECIALLY :5 \R RESI/ANCE HAS BECOME 0=EIGN 9T]V5TION0 ON \R [N SOIL4 ,:]E !N %\LD \R LIB]ATION >MIES GO8 ,TO ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES8.<#a#h.> 

,SIHAN\K IS QUITE CORRECT4 ,:5 ,PRESID5T ,NIXON REF]S TO ! LACK ( S9C]ITY ON ! P>T ( ! 0,NOR? ,VIETNAMESE0 7AN EXPRESSION N[ US$ BY ,AM]ICAN PROPAG&A AS A COV] T]M = ,CAMBODIANS1 ,LAO1 ,S\? ,VIETNAMESE1 & ,NOR? ,VIETNAMESE :O OB/9ATELY REFUSE TO OBEY ,AM]ICAN ORD]S7 9 ,LAOS1 ,CAMBODIA1 & ,S\? ,VIETNAM1 TO !IR CONT9U$ AGGRESSION 9 ! FACE ( ,AM]ICAN )DRAWALS :I* N[ LEAVE 9 ,S\? ,VIETNAM A =CE CONSID]ABLY L>G] ?AN ! 5TIRE ,NOR? ,VIETNAMESE ,>MY1 ! MEAN+ ( HIS WORDS IS1 PLA9LY1 ?AT !SE 0AGGRESSORS0 HAVE REFUS$ TO SURR5D] TO ! RI<T-W+ GOV]NM5TS ?AT ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES HAS 9/ALL$ & ! NATIVE MILIT>Y =CES ?AT IT ORGANIZES1 TRA9S1 SUPPLIES1 PAYS1 & 0ADVISES40 ,) EQUAL JU/ICE1 ,HITL] MI<T HAVE SPOK5 ( ! AGGRESSIV5ESS ( ! ,FR5* ,MAQUIS1 :O W]E ( C\RSE SUPPLI$ & ADVIS$ BY ! ,ANGLO-,SAXONS1 & ,TOJO ( ! LACK ( S9C]ITY ( ! ,*9ESE B&ITS1 :O REFUS$ TO ACCEPT ! RULE ( ,WANG ,*+-WEI1 :OM ! ,JAPANESE 9/ALL$ AS A PUPPET RUL] 9 #a#i#d4 

,BUT ,WANG ,*+-WEI HAD AT LEA/ BE5 A LEAD+ ,*9ESE NATIONALI/1 NOT A ,G5]AL ,?IEU4 ,NOR DID ! ,G]MANS DEPLOY AN EXP$ITION>Y =CE ON ANY?+ REMOTELY APPROA*+ ! ,AM]ICAN SCALE TO 5SURE ! RULE ( ! ,VI*Y GOV]NM5T4 ,IT CANNOT BE /RESS$ TOO /RONGLY ?AT :AT IS REM>KABLE AB\T ! ,9DO*9A W> IS ! 9ABILITY ( ! ,AM]ICAN 9VAD]S TO E/ABLI% 9DIG5\S GOV]NM5TS ?AT CAN RULE EFFECTIVELY & CONTROL !IR SOCIETIES ) !IR [N MEANS4 ,9 ?IS RESPECT1 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES 9 ,9DO*9A /ILL FALLS %ORT ( ITS DI/+UI%$ PR$ECESSORS1 ?\< ! ,AM]ICAN ,:ITE ,H\SE EASILY MAT*ES !M 9 CYNICISM & M5DACITY1 & SURPASSES ALL CURR5T COMPETITORS 9 ITS RELIANCE ON VIOL5CE & T]ROR4 

,I,I 

,TO RETURN TO ,CAMBODIA3 ! C\NTRY WAS1 !N1 P>TIALLY DRAWN 9TO ! ,9DO*9A W>1 ?\< ,PR9CE ,SIHAN\K MANAG$ TO MA9TA9 NEUTRALITY BY A DELICATE BALANC+ ACT & TO SAVE IT FROM ! T]ROR ?AT RAVAG$ ,VIETNAM & ,LAOS4 ,! CONTRA/ BETWE5 ,CAMBODIA & ITS IMM$IATE NEI<BORS WAS DESCRIB$ BY ,T4 ,D4 ,ALLMAN1 JU/ A FEW MON?S AGO1 AS FOLL[S3 

,A FEW DAYS LAT]1 9 A COMM]CIAL PLANE1 ,I FLEW OV] ,SVAY ,RI5G PROV9CE4 ,FROM ! AIR ! FRONTI] IS N[ CLE>LY DEF9$3 BEYOND ! P>ROT'S BEAK P59SULA ( NEAT ,CAMBODIAN RICE FIELDS & VILLAGES ! L& IS PITT$ BY LIT]ALLY HUNDR$S ( ?\S&S ( BOMB & %ELL CRAT]S4 ,9 SOME CASES ! YE>S ( DAY-&-NI<T BOMB+ HAVE *ANG$ ! CONT\RS ( ! L& & LITTLE /REAMS =M 9TO LAKES AS !Y FILL UP MILE AFT] SQU>E MILE ( CRAT]S4 ,ABOVE ?IS DESOLATION & ALONG & JU/ ACROSS ! ,CAMBODIAN FRONTI]1 ! ,AM]ICAN HELICOPT]S & PLANES :IR CONT9UALLY1 FIR+ !IR GUNS & CANNON1 DROPP+ !IR BOMBS4.<#a#i.> 

,! ,M>* #ah C\P AGA9/ ,SIHAN\K M>K$ ! 5D ( ?IS P]IOD ( FAIRLY EFFECTIVE NEUTRALITY4 ,IT IS SAFE TO PR$ICT ?AT ! FRONTI] WILL NO LONG] BE SO CLE>LY DEF9$4 

,EVID5TLY1 IT WAS ! C\P ( ,M>* #ah ?AT DE/ABILIZ$ ! ,CAMBODIAN SITUATION4 ,IT CREAT$ AN 5TIRELY NEW SITUATION )9 ,CAMBODIA1 & MAY ALSO PROVE TO HAVE AFFECT$ SIGNIFICANTLY ! LONG-T]M RELATIONS AMONG ! PEOPLES ( ,9DO*9A4 ,CAMBODIA1 LIKE ! O!R /ATES ( ! REGION1 IS A MELANGE ( E?NIC GR\PS4 ,! L>GE MAJORITY ( ITS POPULATION ( AB\T #g MILLION IS ,KHM] 7! T]M IS (T5 US$ AS SYNONYM\S ) 0,CAMBODIAN071 BUT !RE >E SUB/ANTIAL ,*9ESE & ,VIETNAMESE M9ORITIES ( P]HAPS AB\T HALF A MILLION EA*1 9 ADDITION TO M\NTA9 TRIBES4 ,MANY ,VIETNAMESE W]E BR\<T TO ,CAMBODIA 7AS TO ,LAOS7 BY ! ,FR5* TO WORK 9 RUBB] PLANTATIONS 79 ,LAOS1 9 ! M9ES71 BUT ALSO TO S]VE AS ADM9I/RATORS = ! COLONIAL GOV]NM5T & PRIVATE BUS9ESSES4 ,!Y ALSO SUCCE$$ 9 TAK+ OV] A L>GE %>E ( LOCAL COMM]CE4 

,! ,FR5* CAPITALIZ$ ON FEEL+S ( 9F]IORITY T[>D ! ,VIETNAMESE AMONG ! NATIVE ,KHM] & ,LAO1 & BY SO DO+1 NO D\BT 9T5SIFI$ !SE FEEL+S1 :I* REMA9 AN IMPORTANT FACTOR 9 CURR5T POLITICS4 ,!Y ADOPT$ ! /&>D COLONIALI/ POLICY ( US+ M9ORITIES OR \TSID]S TO HELP CONTROL NATIVE POPULATIONS4 ,JEAN ,LAC\TURE DESCRIBES ! ,FR5* COLONIAL SY/EM AS ONE ( 0D\BLE DOM9ATION3 ?AT ( ! .<,FR5*.> ADM9I/RATION OV] ! ?REE ,VIETNAMESE REGIONS & ?AT ( ! ,VIETNAMESE CADRES OV] ! TWO SMALL C\NTRIES ( ! WE/ .<,LAOS & ,CAMBODIA.>40.<#b.> ,! ,FR5* S*OL> ,JEAN ,*ESNEAUX WRITES3 

,IF ! POPUL> MOVEM5TS ( ,CAMBODIA W]E REPRESS$ BY 0,ANNAMITE RIFLEM510 IT WAS ! 0,CAMBODIAN RIFLEM50 :O W]E BR\<T 9 TO RE/ORE ORD] AMONG ! ,VIETNAMESE ( ! L[] ,MEKONG4.<#b#a.> 

7,! ,AM]ICANS DO MU* ! SAME1 RELY+ ON ,KHM] M]C5>IES 9 ,S\? ,VIETNAM--SEE NOTE #c#b--& US+ ! ,SAIGON ,>MY TO RE/ORE ORD] 9 ,CAMBODIA47 

,AT ! SAME TIME1 !RE IS A ,KHM] M9ORITY ( AB\T #g1 9 ! WE/]N P>T ( ,S\? ,VIETNAM4 ,ACCORD+ TO ,*ESNEAUX1 ! ,KHM] M9ORITY1 OPPRESS$ BY ,SAIGON'S POLICIES ( RACIAL DISCRIM9ATION1 GAVE 0MASSIVE SUPPORT0 TO ! ,N,L,F4.<#b#b.> ,HE ALSO REPORTS ?AT ! ,KHM] PEASANTS 9 ,CAMBODIA TOOK NO P>T 9 ! REC5T POGROMS 9ITIAT$ BY ! ,LON ,NOL GOV]NM5T AGA9/ ! ,VIETNAMESE M9ORITY 9 ,CAMBODIA4 

,SU* OBS]VATIONS SUGGE/ ?AT !RE HAS ALWAYS BE5 A POSSIBILITY ( PEACEFUL COOP]ATION AMONG ! PEOPLES ( ,9DO*9A--! ,VIET1 ! ,LAO1 ! ,KHM]1 ! ,*9ESE1 & ! M\NTA9 TRIBESM5--IF ! ,WE/]N IMP]IALI/S1 :OSE PRES5CE HAS EXAC]BAT$ ALL POT5TIAL CONFLICTS1 W]E TO DEP>T4 ,IT IS 9T]E/+1 9 ?IS CONNECTION1 ?AT ! #aifb ,CONGRESS ( ! ,N,L,F ( ,S\? ,VIETNAM CALL$ = A NEUTRALI/ BLOC 9CLUD+ ,S\? ,VIETNAM1 ,LAOS1 & ,CAMBODIA4 ,! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES1 HOP+ TO CONV]T ,S\? ,VIETNAM 9TO A P]MAN5T BASE = ITS COLONIAL OP]ATIONS1 %[$ NO 9T]E/ 9 ?IS IDEA 7IF1 9DE$1 IT EV5 TOOK (FICIAL NOTICE ( IT74 

,9 #aife ,PR9CE ,SIHAN\K CONV5$ A 0,CONF]5CE ( ! ,9DO*9ESE ,PEOPLE0 9 ,PHNOM ,P5H4 ,IT BR\<T TOGE!R REPRES5TATIVES ( ! ,DEMOCRATIC ,REPUBLIC ( ,VIETNAM 7,NOR? ,VIETNAM71 ! ,N,L,F ( ,S\? ,VIETNAM1 ! ,PA!T ,LAO1 ! RUL+ ,SANGKUM P>TY ( ,CAMBODIA1 & O!R ,S\? ,VIETNAMESE 0OPPOS$ TO ,AM]ICAN HEGEMONY40.<#b#c.> ,IT WAS ABLE TO A*IEVE V]Y LITTLE1 COM+1 AS IT DID1 IMM$IATELY AFT] ! 9ITIATION ( ! 9T5SIVE & REGUL> BOMB>DM5T ( ,S\? & ,NOR? ,VIETNAM 9 E>LY ,FEBRU>Y1 #a#i#f#e4 

,AS ! ,VIETNAM W> EXP&$1 T5SIONS BEGAN TO DEVELOP BETWE5 ,SIHAN\K & ! ,VIET ,CONG4 ,SIHAN\K'S PRESS BEGAN TO SPEAK ( ,VIET ,CONG SUPPORT = ! SMALL LOCAL GU]RILLA GR\PS1 ! SO-CALL$ 0,R$ ,KHM]0 OR 0,KHM] ,VIET ,M9H40 ,T4 ,D4 ,ALLMAN1 REVIEW+ !SE DEVELOPM5TS JU/ A FEW MON?S AGO1.<#b#d.> DESCRIB$ ! CONFLICTS AS MORE POT5TIAL ?AN REAL1 IF ONLY BECAUSE ,SIHAN\K'S 05ORM\S POPUL>ITY CONT9UES UNDIM9I%$ 9 ! C\NTRYSIDE40 

,IMM$IATELY AFT] ! ,M>* #ah C\P1 ! LEAD]%IP ( ! 0,R$ ,KHM]S0 APPROA*$ ,SIHAN\K & (F]$ TO JO9 HIM 9 OPPOSITION TO ,AM]ICAN IMP]IALISM4.<#b#e.> ,SIHAN\K ACCEPT$ ?IS (F] & CALL$ = GU]RILLA W>4 ,9 HIS SPEE* TO ! CLOS+ SESSION ( ! ,APRIL #aig ,SUMMIT ,CONF]5CE ( ,9DO*9ESE ,PEOPLES 9 ,PEK+ 7SEE NOTE #a#h71 ,SIHAN\K SAID ?AT ,U,S IMP]IALI/ AGGRESSION HAS CREAT$ A NEW UNITY AMONG ! PEOPLES ( ,9DO*9A3 

,?IS PROCESS ( UNION & COOP]ATION IS 9 ! L9E ( HI/ORY1 9 ! SAME WAY AS DECOLONIZATION & LIB]ATION ( OPPRESS$ PEOPLES 9 ! ,?IRD ,WORLD4 ,ONLY YE/]DAY ! COLONIAL P[]S DIVID$ !SE PEOPLES 9 ORD] TO 0RULE0 !M1 & !Y DID NOT ACCEPT DECOLONIZATION UNTIL =C$ TO DO SO BY >M$ RESI/ANCE4 ,TODAY ! OLD COLONIALI/S HAVE BE5 REPLAC$ BY IMP]IALI/S & NEOCOLONIALI/S1 & !RE IS NO HOPE1 ?R\< DIPLOMACY1 NEGOTIATIONS1 CONF]5CES OR EV5 FRI5DLY NEUTRALITY1 ( AVOID+ ! MORTAL DANG] ?AT !Y REPRES5T4 ,:]EV] ?IS DANG] APPE>S1 >M$ /RUGGLE ALONE IS ! ONLY WAY TO ELIM9ATE IT4 

,HIS CLOS+ WORDS W]E3 0,LONG LIVE ! UNIT$ PEOPLES ( ,9DO*9A40 

,:E!R REAL UNITY AMONG ! ,9DO*9ESE PEOPLES WILL BE A*IEV$ REMA9S TO BE SE54 ,SOME ( ! BE/-9=M$ OBS]V]S >E OPTIMI/IC 9 ?IS REG>D4 ,JEAN ,*ESNEAUX WRITES3 

,! HI/ORY ( ,VIET-,LAO-,KHM] RELATIONS HAS NOT BEQUEA!D !SE PEOPLES ) A BURD5 ( COLONIAL CONFLICTS3 ! FRONTI]S FIX$ BY COLONIZATION HAVE NOT BE5 PLAC$ 9 QUE/ION4 ,! MORAL RELATIONS AMONG !M >E ALSO DIS5TANGL$ FROM ! FRICTIONS ( ! PA/4444 ,CAMBODIA TODAY IS PLUNG$ DIRECTLY 9TO ! W> BY AN EXT]NAL 9ITIATIVE1 ! PROMOT]S ( :I* D\BTLESS DID NOT GAUGE ALL ( ! CONSEQU5CES3 9 P>TICUL>1 ! DEVELOPM5T ( SOLID>ITY AMONG ! ,VIETNAMESE1 ,LAOTIANS1 & ,CAMBODIANS4.<#b#f.> 

,9 ! PA/1 ,SIHAN\K HOP$1 ) MU* REASON1 ?AT ,*9A W\LD1 9 ! LONG RUN1 BE ! GU>ANTOR ( ,CAMBODIAN NEUTRALITY AGA9/ POSSIBLE ,VIETNAMESE 9CURSIONS4 ,*9A HAS NO REASON TO WANT A P[]FUL BLOC ( UNIFI$ /ATES TO ITS S\? CONTROLL$ EI!R FROM ! \TSIDE OR BY ONE DOM9ANT MEMB]1 ANY MORE ?AN ! ,U,S,S,R 9 ! PO/W> WORLD LOOK$ ) FAVOR ON A ,BALKAN ALLIANCE DOM9AT$ BY ,TITO4.<#b#g.> ,H5CE IT IS OPPOS$ TO ,AM]ICAN DOM9ATION ( ,9DO*9A1 AS IT W\LD NO D\BT OPPOSE ,?AI OR ,VIETNAMESE DOM9ATION W]E EI!R TO APPE> LIKELY4 ,AM]ICAN PROPAG&A NATURALLY 9SI/S ?AT ,*9A HOPES TO RULE ! REGION ITSELF1 OR TO DO SO ?R\< ITS 0PUPPET0 9 ,HANOI1 BUT !SE CLAIMS >E SUPPORT$ BY NO EVID5CE OR S]I\S >GUM5T4 ,SIHAN\K1 ?\< HIMSELF /RONGLY ANTI-,COMMUNI/ 9 ! PA/1 APPE>S TO HAVE HAD FAI? 9 ,*9A'S 9T5TIONS1 9 P>T = ! G5]AL REASONS JU/ M5TION$1 BUT 9 P>T ALSO BECAUSE ( ,*9A'S ATTITUDE S9CE HIS REGIME WAS E/ABLI%$4 ,MI*AEL ,FIELD COMM5TS3 

444AS HE .<,SIHAN\K.> FREQU5TLY REM>KS1 ,*9A HAS BEHAV$ 9 AN EXEMPL>Y FA%ION T[>DS ,CAMBODIA2 ITS 9DEP5D5CE & T]RITORIAL 9TEGRITY HAVE BE5 H>ASS$1 NOT BY ! ,*9ESE COLOSSUS BUT BY ,S\? ,VIET ,NAM & ,?AIL&1 CAMP-FOLL[]S ( ! ,WE/4.<#b#h.> 

,N[1 ( C\RSE1 ,SIHAN\K HAS =M$ A DIRECT ALLIANCE ) ! ,CAMBODIAN LEFT & ) ,*9A4 ,IT REMA9S TO BE SE5 H[ ! SITUATION WILL DEVELOP UND] !SE *ANG$ CIRCUM/ANCES1 ?\< IT W\LD APPE> ?AT ,*9A'S LONG-T]M GOALS %\LD REMA9 UNALT]$1 EV5 AFT] ,CAMBODIA'S MO/ POPUL> POLITICAL P]SONALITY1 ! =M]LY ANTI-,COMMUNI/ SPOKESMAN = ,CAMBODIAN NATIONALISM1 HAS BE5 DRIV5 9TO AN ALLIANCE ) ! ,COMMUNI/S4 

,! IMM$IATE BACKGR\ND = ! ,CAMBODIAN C\P ( ,M>* #ah IS DESCRIB$ AS FOLL[S BY ! COMM5TATOR = ! ,F> ,EA/]N ,ECONOMIC ,REVIEW3 

,! UND]LY+ CAUSE = ,SIHAN\K'S FALL PROBABLY LAY 9 ! FACT ?AT AL?\< HE REVOLUTIONIZ$ ,CAMBODIA'S =EIGN POLICY1 & HIS [N RELATIONS ) ! PEASANTS & WORK]S1 HE LEFT ! TRADITIONAL ,KHM] ELITE FREE TO OCCUPY (FICE & EV5TUALLY USE !IR TRADITIONAL P[] AGA9/ HIM4.<#b#i.> 

,! REPORT NOTES ?AT 0! COMMON PEOPLE CONT9U$ TO REV]E ,SIHAN\K10 BUT A 0T9Y M9ORITY444BR\<T ,SIHAN\K D[N40 ,H[EV]1 

,! NEW RUL]S1 AS !Y BUSY !MSELVES TAK+ BACK 9 P[] & F9ANCIAL OPPORTUNITIES :AT ,SIHAN\K TOOK AWAY FROM !M1 D\BTLESSLY WILL HAVE A MU* H>D] TIME RETA9+ ! LOYALTY ( ! C\NTRYSIDE--:]E ALL REAL ,ASIAN REVOLUTIONS BEG9 & >E WON4 ,BY BIT+ (F ! H& :I* F$ !M1 ! T9Y GR\P ( >I/OCRATS1 >MY (FIC]S & BUS9ESSM5 :I* TOPPL$ ,SIHAN\K MAY HAVE 9SUR$ ITS [N DOOM4 

,! C\P1 ,ALLMAN WRITES ELSE:]E1.<#c.> WAS NOT ONLY %ORT-SI<T$1 9 ?AT IT UPSET ! DELICATE BALANCE ?AT ,SIHAN\K HAD MA9TA9$1 BUT ALSO SELFI%4 ,! MA9 COMPLA9T ( ! T9Y ELITE ?AT /AG$ ! C\P IS ?AT ,SIHAN\K 0HAD DEPRIV$ ! >I/OCRACY1 ! B\RGEOISIE & ! >MY ( !IR TRADITIONAL SLICE ( ! F9ANCIAL ACTION & ( !IR ACCU/OM$ PLACE 9 ! SUN4 ,IT WAS AN UPP]-CLASS C\P1 NOT A REVOLUTION40 

,?IS FACT MU/ BE APPRECIAT$4 ,IT GOES A LONG WAY T[>D EXPLA9+ ! ,AM]ICAN 9VASION ( ,CAMBODIA4 

,! ,M>* #ah C\P WAS ! CULM9ATION ( A C>EFULLY PREP>$ S]IES ( ACTIONS TAK5 OV] ! PA/ SEV]AL YE>S ?AT SL[LY ]OD$ ! POSITION ( ! ,CAMBODIAN LEFT--T5U\S AT BE/--)9 ! GOV]NM5T4 ,9 ! ELECTIONS ( #a#i#f#f1 ,SIHAN\K DEP>T$ FROM HIS USUAL PRACTICE ( 5DORS+ C&IDATES4 ,UND] ! CONDITIONS ( ,CAMBODIAN SOCIETY1 ! RESULT WAS A G5]AL VICTORY = ! MO/ CORRUPT & ! WEAL?IE/ C&IDATES1 ?OSE :O C\LD FREELY DI/RIBUTE BRIBES1 PATRONAGE1 & PROMISES4 ,AS ,JEAN ,LAC\TURE PUT IT3 0,KHM] SOCIETY RECEIV$ ! K9D ( REPRES5TATION1 MANIPULAT$ BY MONEY & FEUDAL CONDITIONS1 :I* WAS NATURAL TO IT 9 ?IS P]IOD ( ITS HI/ORY40 

,! ONLY EXCEPTIONS W]E ?REE LEFT-W+ DELEGATES--,HU ,NIM1 ,HU ,YUON1 & ,KHIEU ,SAMPHAN--:O WON EASILY4 ,AT ! TIME1 ,SIHAN\K WAS W>N$ BY ! LEFTI/ M9I/] ,*AU ,S5G ?AT A RI<T-W+ C\P L$ BY ,LON ,NOL MI<T BE 9 PREP>ATION1 BUT HE APP>5TLY FELT ?AT HE C\LD KEEP ! RI<T UND] CONTROL1 RELY+ ON ! LOYALTY & SUPPORT ( ! PEOPLE4 ,/EP BY /EP1 HE SUCCUMB$ TO RI<T-W+ PRESSURES ?AT W]E DIRECT$ AS MU* AGA9/ HIS ECONOMIC RE=MS AS AGA9/ HIS P]SONAL P[]1 ) ITS EXT5SIVE & UNIQUE POPUL> BASE AMONG ! PEASANTRY & ! SMALL URBAN PROLET>IAT4 ,BY ! 5D ( #a#i#f#i1 MU* ( ,SIHAN\K'S 0,KHM] SOCIALISM0 HAD BE5 DISMANTL$1.<#c#a.> & ! FEW LEFT-W+ MEMB]S ( ! GOV]NM5T HAD BE5 REMOV$4 ,TO A L>GE EXT5T1 !SE DEVELOPM5TS MU/ BE SE5 AS AN 9T]NAL /RUGGLE = P[] AMONG ! ,CAMBODIAN ELITE4 

,:ILE ?IS %IFT TO ! RI<T WAS TAK+ PLACE )9 ! GOV]NM5T1 ! RADICAL LEFT TOOK ON A MORE ACTIVI/ POLICY 9 ! CITIES1 ) DEMON/RATIONS & POPUL> AGITATION1 & REBEL GR\PS W]E =M$ 9 RURAL >EAS4 ,! 9T5SIFICATION ( ! ,VIETNAM W>1 ) ! SPILLOV] 9TO ,CAMBODIA1 ALSO S]V$ TO 9CREASE ! POL>IZATION )9 ,CAMBODIA ?AT WAS HELD 9 *ECK BY ,SIHAN\K'S P]SONAL POPUL> /R5G?4 

,SEV]AL MON?S BE=E ! C\P1 MEMB]S ( ! ,KHM] ,S]EI BEGAN CROSS+ 9TO ,CAMBODIA & 0RALLY+0 TO ! ,CAMBODIAN >MY ) !IR >MS & EQUIPM5T4 ,9 RETROSPECT1 IT APPE>S ?AT ! ,KHM] ,S]EI MAY HAVE BE5 A 0TROJAN HORSE0 9FILTRAT$ 9TO ! ,CAMBODIAN =CES1 P]HAPS BY ! ,C,I,A1 TO /IFF5 ! RI<T-W+ ELEM5TS ?AT W]E READY+ ! ANTI-,SIHAN\K C\P4.<#c#b.> 

,ON ,M>* #d1 ,G5]AL ,LON ,NOL1 !N ,PRESID5T ( ! ,C\NCIL ( ,M9I/]S & ,M9I/] ( ,DEF5SE1 TOOK ON 9 ADDITION ! PO/ ( ,M9I/] ( ,9=MATION1 !REBY GA9+ CONTROL ( ! PRESS1 RADIO1 & TELEVISION4 ,A FEW DAYS LAT] ! >MY ORGANIZ$ ANTI-,VIETNAMESE DEMON/RATIONS 9 ,SVAY ,RI5G PROV9CE1 & /AG$ A DEMON/RATION 9 ,PHNOM ,P5H1 :]E SOLDI]S 9 CIVILIAN DRESS SACK$ ! ,P,R,G & ,D,R,V EMBASSIES4 ,SIHAN\K1 :O WAS !N VISIT+ ,P>IS1 NOT$ ! RIS+ ?REAT TO HIS RULE1 & COMM5T$3 

,IF ,I DO NOT OBTA9 SATISFACTION ?AT ! ,COMMUNI/S WILL RESPECT ,CAMBODIA'S NEUTRALITY1 !N ,I WILL RESIGN4 ,A %[D[N BETWE5 ! EXTREME RI<T W+ & MYSELF IS MO/ PROBABLE4 

,HE W5T ON TO SPEAK ( ! POSSIBILITY ( A C\P D'ETAT1 L$ P]HAPS BY ,G5]AL ,LON ,NOL4 ,HE OBS]V$ ?AT MANY >MY (FIC]S >E NATURALLY RI<T W+ & 0>E NO/ALGIC AB\T ,AM]ICAN AID1 :I* W\LD 5ABLE !M TO LEAD AN EASY LIFE40 0,! ,AM]ICANS >E 9SIDE ! CA/LE WALLS--?AT IS1 9SIDE \R HOMES40 ,HE EXPRESS$ C]TA9TY ?AT RI<T-W+ LEAD]S 9 ! GOV]NM5T W]E 9 CONTACT ) ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES1 0:E!R ?R\< ! EMBASSY1 ! ,C,I,A OR ANY SU* LIKE ORGANIZATION1 ,I DO NOT KN[40.<#c#c.> 

,ON ,M>* #a#h1 ! C\P TOOK PLACE1 L$ BY ,G5]AL ,LON ,NOL & ,SIRIK ,MATAK4 ,A T9Y ,CAMBODIAN ELITE1 HOP+ TO W9 = ITSELF A L>G] %>E ( CONTROL 9 ! ECONOMY & POLITICAL LIFE & RES5TFUL ( ,SIHAN\K'S P]SONAL AU?ORITY & PRE/IGE1 PLUNG$ ! C\NTRY 9TO CIVIL W> & SET ! /AGE = ! ,AM]ICAN 9VASION ?AT N[ ?REAT5S TO TURN ,CAMBODIA 9TO ANO!R ,LAOS OR ,VIETNAM4 

,! ROLE ( \TSIDE GOV]NM5TS 9 ! ,M>* #ah C\P CAN ONLY BE GUESS$1 & WILL PROBABLY NEV] BE KN[N 9 ANY DETAIL4 ,MO/ OBS]V]S TAKE = GRANT$ ?AT ! ,AM]ICANS PLAY$ A ROLE4 ,*ESNEAUX1 = EXAMPLE1 /ATES ?AT 0! TAK+ ( P[] BY ! ,LON ,NOL GR\P IS ! RESULT ( A LONG S]IES ( ATTEMPTS BY ! ,CAMBODIAN RI<T1 SUPPORT$ BY ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES40.<#c#d.> ,AS ALREADY NOT$1 ! ACTIONS ( ! ,KHM] ,S]EI PROVIDE EVID5CE = ?IS VIEW4 ,! ROLE ( ! ,FR5* GOV]NM5T IS ALSO OP5 TO SOME SPECULATION4 ,!RE >E ?OSE :O FEEL ?AT ! ,FR5* GOV]NM5T MAY HAVE BE5 DIRECTLY IMPLICAT$ 9 ! C\P4 ,C]TA9LY1 IT GAVE LITTLE SUPPORT TO ,SIHAN\K :5 ! C\P TOOK PLACE4 ,JEAN ,LAC\TURE DESCRIBES ! BEHAVIOR ( ! ,FR5* GOV]NM5T AS FOLL[S3 

,IT N[ SEEMS E/ABLI%$ ?AT ,PR9CE ,SIHAN\K1 UPON LE>N+ ( ! ,LON ,NOL C\P1 TELEPHON$ DIRECTLY TO ! ,ELYSEE--:]E1 SIX DAYS E>LI]1 HE HAD BE5 ! GUE/ ( ,M4 ,POMPID\--TO DET]M9E :E!R ,P>IS W\LD SUPPORT HIM3 IF ASSURANCE W\LD HAVE BE5 GIV5 HIM1 HE W\LD HAVE ATTEMPT$1 COME :AT MAY1 TO L& ! NEXT DAY 9 ,PHNOM ,P5H4 ,! RESPONSE WAS SO EVASIVE1 WE HAVE BE5 TOLD1 ?AT ! PR9CE SET (F = ,MOSC[ & ,PEK+4 ,ONE MI<T JUDGE ?AT ?IS WAS ONE ( ! MOM5TS :5 ! ELIM9ATION ( ,G5]AL DE ,GAULLE HAS PLAY$ A ROLE 9 9T]NATIONAL POLITICS4.<#c#e.> 

,ELSE:]E1 ,LAC\TURE NOTES ?AT 09 PRIVATE CIRCLES1 MANY ,VIETNAMESE & ,KHM]S :O SUPPORT ,PR9CE ,SIHAN\K >E ASK+ IF ONE MU/ NOT SEE1 9 ?IS 'NEUTRALITY' ( ,FRANCE FACE TO FACE ) ! DE/RUCTION ( ! POLICY ( NEUTRALITY1 ONE ( ! RESULTS ( ,M4 ,POMPID\'S TRIP TO ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES40.<#c#f.> ,AN 9T]E/+ SPECULATION 9DE$4 

,IMM$IATELY AFT] ! C\P PRO-,SIHAN\K DEMON/RATIONS BROKE \T 9 MANY PLACES4 ,AB\T EI<TY TO ONE HUNDR$ ,CAMBODIANS1 ALL UN>M$1 W]E KILL$ 9 ! REPRESSION ( !SE DEMON/RATIONS4 70,SIGNIFICANTLY10 NOTES ,ALLMAN1 0NO ,VIETNAMESE WAS KILL$074 ,JEAN-,CLAUDE ,POMONTI ( ,LE ,MONDE REPORTS3 

,REPRESSION ( PRO-,SIHAN\K DEMON/RATIONS AMONG ! PEASANTS T[>D ! 5D ( ,M>* 9 ! WAKE ( ! C\P C\LD ONLY HAVE S]V$ TO SWELL ! SMALL B&S ( 9SURG5TS G5]ALLY REF]R$ TO1 RI<TLY OR WRONGLY1 AS 0,R$ ,KHM]S40 ,MANY PEASANTS1 FE>FUL ( >RE/ AFT] ! DEMON/RATIONS1 TOOK TO ! JUNGLE RA!R ?AN RETURN TO !IR HOMES4 ,& TODAY ! ,R$ ,KHM]S >E 9 A POSITION TO EXPLOIT ! DISCONT5T 9 ! C\NTRY >EAS :]E ! >MY OP5$ FIRE ON ! PEASANTS4 ,! CONDITIONS = AN ACTIVE REBELLION HAVE BE5 FULFILL$ ONE BY ONE4.<#c#g.> 

,POMONTI CONT9UES3 

,9=MATION COM+ 9 FROM ! PROV9CES E>LY LA/ WEEK SEEMS TO CONFIRM ?AT ,KHM] PEASANTS 9 ,VIET ,CONG >EAS >E N[ >M$ & TRA9$4 ,! NUCLEUS ( A 0LIB]ATION >MY0 IS V]Y PROBABLY BE+ CON/ITUT$1 & ! ,PHNOM ,P5H GOV]NM5T C\LD F9D ITSELF 9 A MORE PREC>I\S POSITION BE=E LONG1 P>TICUL>LY IF IT FAILS TO REASS]T ITS AU?ORITY 9 ! >EAS AB&ON$ = MORE ?AN TWO WEEKS BY ! C5TRAL GOV]NM5T4 

,HE QUOTES A DIPLOMAT :O SAYS3 

,IT DID NOT SURPRISE ME 9 ! LEA/ TO HE> ANN\NCEM5TS ( LIB]AT$ ZONES BE+ E/ABLI%$444OR ( A 0LIB]ATION >MY0 BE+ =M$4 ,IT W\LD NOT SURPRISE ME EI!R IF ! ,VIET ,CONG SAY !Y >E PULL+ \T ( C]TA9 ZONES & ?AT FROM N[ ON DEAL+S %\LD BE ) ! 0NEW ,KHM] AU?ORITIES40 ,!N !Y MI<T WELL ANN\NCE ! RETURN ( ,PR9CE ,SIHAN\K TO ONE ( !SE ZONES-->M$ ) A P[]FUL RADIO TRANSMITT]4 

,LE ,MONDE COMM5TS $ITORIALLY ?AT 0! ',R$ ,KHM]' MOVEM5T IS L$ BY ABLE M51 & N[ ?AT IT HAS SOME SUPPORT 9 ! C\NTRYSIDE1 IT CAN NO LONG] BE DISMISS$--AS ,WA%+TON T5DS TO DO--AS A M]E APP5DAGE ( ! ,NOR? ,VIETNAMESE ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY40 ,! NEW GOV]NM5T 9 EXILE ANN\NC$ BY ,SIHAN\K FROM ,PEK+ WILL PROBABLY 9CLUDE ! ?REE DELEGATES TO ! ,CAMBODIAN P>LIAM5T M5TION$ E>LI]1 :O W]E ELECT$ ) 0OV]:ELM+ MAJORITIES0 9 ! LA/ 7#a#i#f#f7 ELECTIONS & 0CAN H>DLY BE CONSID]$ ',VIETNAMESE AG5TS4' 0.<#c#h.> ,!Y >E G5]ALLY REG>D$ AS ! ONLY DELEGATES ELECT$ :O REPRES5T$ SOME?+ O!R ?AN ! FEUDAL & WEAL?Y ELEM5TS 9 ,CAMBODIAN SOCIETY 7SEE ,ROY1 OP4 CIT471 & !Y APPE> TO HAVE A REPUTATION = HONE/Y & 9TEGRITY ?AT IS R>E AMONG ,CAMBODIAN POLITICIANS4 

,AMONG ?OSE :O HAVE JO9$ ,SIHAN\K 9 ,*9A >E ,HUOT ,SAMBA?1 ,CAMBODIAN DELEGATE TO ! ,UNIT$ ,NATIONS1 ,P5N ,N\?1 ONE ( HIS LONG-T]M ASSOCIATES & ADVIS]S4 7,FIELD DESCRIBES HIM AS 0A CLOSE COLLABORATOR ( ,SIHAN\K & ) HIM AN >*ITECT ( ,CAMBODIAN NEUTRALITY071 & ,*AU ,S5G1 =M]LY ,M9I/] ( ,$UCATION & ,M9I/] ( ,NATIONAL ,ECONOMY & $ITOR ( ! LEAD+ LEFT-W+ J\RNAL1 ONE ( ! \T/&+ P]SONALITIES & POLITICAL FIGURES ( ,CAMBODIA UNTIL HIS EXILE1 TO ,P>IS1 9 #a#i#f#g1 DUR+ ! E>LY /AGES ( PREP>ATION = ! TAKEOV] BY ! RI<T4 

,ON DEP>T+ FROM ,P>IS TO JO9 ,SIHAN\K1 ,*AU ,S5G SAID ?AT ! C\P HAS ADVANC$ ! REVOLUTION>Y CAUSE BY FIVE YE>S4 ,COMM5T+1 ,LAC\TURE WRITES3 

,HAS ANYONE EV] SE5 SU* 9COMPET5T SORC]]'S APPR5TICES AS ! PLOTT]S ( ,PHNOM ,P5H :O1 9 LESS ?AN A MON?1 HAVE ?R[N !IR C\NTRY 9TO A CIVIL W> & BR\<T IT TO ! $GE ( AN 9T]NATIONAL W>1 & :O HAVE MADE ! MO/ IMPORTANT & PRE/IGI\S P]SONALITY ( !IR C\NTRY ! UNCONDITIONAL ALLY ( ! REVOLUTION>Y MOVEM5T8.<#c#i.> 

,LAC\TURE1 :O SEES ! H& ( ! ,AM]ICANS BEH9D ! C\P1 DESCRIBES IT AS 0A SUICIDE OP]ATION = ! ,AM]ICAN P>TY1 :O HAVE (F]$ !IR 5EMIES AN OPPORTUNITY TO DEPLOY !MSELVES1 ) A POPUL> BASE1 OV] ! :OLE ,9DO*9A !AT]40 

,AS ALREADY NOT$1 ! VIEW ?AT ! P]PETRATORS ( ! C\P 0MAY HAVE 5SUR$ !IR [N DOOM0 IS %>$ BY ,ALLMAN4 ,H5RY ,KAMM ( ,! ,NEW ,YORK ,TIMES NOTES FUR!R ?AT1 AMONG =EIGN OBS]V]S 9 ,PHNOM ,P5H1 DIS5*ANTM5T ) ! NEW REGIME 0HAS SET 9 ) A V5GEANCE03 

,! UN*>ITABLE FEEL+S ( MO/ OBS]V]S T[>D ! ,LON ,NOL GOV]NM5T >E COMP\ND$ ( EVID5CE ( !IR MILIT>Y FUTILITY1 REVULSION OV] ATROCITIES & CALL\SNESS T[>D ! L>GE ,VIETNAMESE M9ORITY1 SCORN = ! POLITICAL NAIVETE ?AT L$ ! LEAD]S TO PUT REAL FAI? 9 ! POSSIBILITY ( HELP FROM ! ,9T]NATIONAL ,CONTROL ,COMMISSION OR ! ,UNIT$ ,NATIONS TO DRIVE \T ! ,VIETCONG1 & IMPATI5CE ) A CACOPHONY ( BLU/]\S & *AUV9I/IC TALK & EMPTY MOCK-M>TIAL GE/URES SU* AS PUTT+ HI< S*OOL GIRLS 9 KHAKI %IRTS TO COV] AN AIR ( FECKLESS IRRESOLUTION4 .<#d.> 

,HE ALSO NOTES ?AT ! ,U,S GOV]NM5T SEEMS TO %>E ?IS CONTEMPT1 AS ONE MU/ CONCLUDE FROM ! MANN] 9 :I* IT HAS C>RI$ \T ! 9VASION1 H>DLY BO!R+ EV5 TO 9=M ! ,CAMBODIANS3 

,:ATEV] ! REASON1 ,AM]ICA SEEMS CLE>LY TO HAVE DECID$ TO MAKE W> 9 ,CAMBODIA )\T ! ,CAMBODIANS4 ,& IT IS A MEASURE ( ! L[ MORALE ( ,CAMBODIA ?AT %E ACCEPT$ ?IS )\T IMM$IATE \TCRY AS ?\<1 LIKE ! ,VIETNAMESE ,COMMUNI/ 9CURSION1 IT IS A FACT ( LIFE BEYOND H] CONTROL4 

,A DIPLOMAT 9 ,PHNOM ,P5H /AT$ REC5TLY ?AT 0,WE PROBABLY %ALL LOOK BACK ON !SE DAYS AS ! OP5+ PHASES ( ! ,CAMBODIAN CIVIL W>40 ,CIT+ ?IS OBS]VATION1 ,T4 ,D4 ,ALLMAN WRITES3 

444= ! FIR/ TIME S9CE 9DEP5D5CE 9 #a#i#e#c1 ,CAMBODIANS W]E KILL+ ,CAMBODIANS444! ,PHNOM ,P5H GOV]NM5T'S HOLD ON ! RURAL POPULATION WAS 9 D\BT4 

,! AV]AGE ,CAMBODIAN WANTS MO/ ( ALL TO LIVE 9 PEACE1 BUT ALREADY HE IS BE+ URG$ TO *OOSE SIDES4 ,ON ! GOV]NM5T SIDE >E ! >MY1 MO/ ( ! BUS9ESS CLASS1 ! >I/OCRACY1 ! 9TELLECTUALS & GOV]NM5T FUNCTION>IES4 ,RANG$ AGA9/ ! NEW GOV]NM5T >E SOME #d1 ,VIETNAMESE TROOPS .<I4E41 ,N,L,F & ,NOR? ,VIETNAMESE.>--:O SO F> HAVE TAK5 ONLY A SMALL ROLE 9 ! ANTI-GOV]NM5T MOVEM5T--! T9Y ,KHM] ,R\GE GU]RILLA MOVEM5T1 & MO/ IMPORTANTLY1 A SIZABLE BUT UNKN[N PROPORTION ( ,CAMBODIA'S SIX MILLION PEASANTS :O /ILL SEE ,SIHAN\K AS A GOD-K+ & ! NATION'S ONLY LEAD]4.<#d#a.> 

,SPECULAT+ A YE> AGO AB\T ! PROSPECTS ( ! ,CAMBODIAN REBELS = SUCCESS1 ,MI*AEL ,LEIF] WROTE ?AT !SE PROSPECTS 0WILL DEP5D 7DISC\NT+ EXT]NAL FACTORS7 NOT ONLY ON ! EXPLOITATION ( G5U9E GRIEVANCES BUT ALSO ON AN ABILITY TO ID5TIFY ) ! NATIONALI/ CAUSE = :I* ,PR9CE ,SIHAN\K HAS BE5 ! MO/ >D5T & PASSIONATE ADVOCATE4 ,?IS W\LD SEEM UNLIKELY40.<#d#b.> ,BE=E ,M>* #a#h1 ?IS WAS A REASONABLE ASSESSM5T4 ,N[1 H[EV]1 ,SIHAN\K1 ! 0MO/ >D5T & PASSIONATE ADVOCATE0 ( ! NATIONAL CAUSE1 ! P]SON :OM ONE ,AM]ICAN EXP]T DESCRIB$ AS BE+ 0A SIGNIFICANT EXPRESSION ( ! ,CAMBODIAN PEOPLE'S WILL10.<#d#c.> HAS ID5TIFI$ HIMSELF ) ! REBELS4 ,IT IS D\BTFUL ?AT ! RI<T-W+ ,LON ,NOL GOV]NM5T1 ) ITS N>R[ URBAN BASE1 CAN C\NT] ?IS POPUL> =CE OR W9 IT OV]4 

,! ,M>* #ah C\P REFLECTS A SPLIT )9 ! ,CAMBODIAN ELITE1 ! EXACT NATURE ( :I* IS NOT 5TIRELY CLE>4 ,H[EV]1 TWO ?+S DO SEEM CLE>4 ,FIR/1 ! BE/ KN[N MEMB]S ( ! ,CAMBODIAN LEFT >E N[ ALIGN$ ) ,SIHAN\K4 ,SECOND1 ! ,CAMBODIAN LEFT IS N[ 9 A POSITION TO MOBILIZE ! PEASANTRY1 CAPITALIZ+ ON ,SIHAN\K'S P]SONAL PRE/IGE & ) ! BACK+ ( ! ,VIETNAMESE RESI/ANCE =CES2 :ILE ! ,LON ,NOL GOV]NM5T1 ISOLAT$ FROM ! PEASANTRY1 WILL 9CREAS+LY BE DRIV5 9TO AN ALLIANCE ) ! EXTREME RI<T-W+ =CES 9 ,9DO*9A1 ! ,SAIGON AU?ORITIES1 & ! ,AM]ICANS4 

,! BANKRUPTCY ( ! ELITE ?AT MANAG$ ! C\P IS REFLECT$ CLE>LY BY ITS RESORT TO T]ROR AGA9/ ! ,VIETNAMESE M9ORITY1 REPORT$ 9 AMPLE DETAIL 9 ! PRESS4 ,! REPORTS ( ,CAMBODIAN MILIT>Y OP]ATIONS =TIFY ?IS IMPRESSION ( WEAKNESS & 9EPTITUDE4 ,WE KN[ :AT TO EXPECT :5 WE READ ! DESCRIPTION ( ! COMM&+ (FIC] :O S5T ,CAMBODIAN PEASANTS1 E?NICALLY ,VIETNAMESE1 :O W]E DESCRIB$ AS 0VOLUNTE]S10 TO BE M[$ D[N BY A CROSS-FIRE1 9 A WELL-PUBLICIZ$ /ORY3.<#d#d.> 

,! ,CAMBODIAN COMM&ANT1 AN ELEGANT Y\NGI% MAN1 %IRTLESS & WE>+ A HEAVY GOLD NECKLACE1 LAY LIKE A SULTAN ON AN >MY B$ 9 A CLE>+ AMONG ! BAMBOO TREES4444 .<,HE.> L\NG$ ON HIS B$1 COOLLY TALK+ 9TO ! FIELD TELEPHONE4 ,!N HE ASK$ :E!R !RE WAS NEWS 9 ,PHNOM ,P5H ( HELP FROM ! ,AM]ICANS4.<#d#e.> 

,IT IS 9T]E/+ TO OBS]VE ! ,VIET ,CONG /RATEGY 9 ! SAME 9CID5T4 ,ACCORD+ TO A DETAIL$ REPORT BY ,ALLMAN.<#d#f.> ! ,VIET ,CONG CAPTUR$ ! VILLAGE ( ,SAANG1 KILL$ EI<T SOLDI]S1 & !N 0DI/RIBUT$ >MS & AMMUNITION TO ! VILLAG]S 9 ! NAME ( ! ',SIHAN\K' >MY40 ,?REE ,CAMBODIAN SPIES REPORT$ ?AT 0! ,VIET ,CONG W]E BACK$ BY LOCAL ,KHM] & ,*AM VILLAG]S1 :O HAD JO9$ ! ,COMMUNI/ =CES40 

,MORE G5]ALLY1 ,LE ,MONDE REPORTS ?AT 0! ,N,L,F 9 ,CAMBODIA IS NOT TRY+ TO CAPTURE ! CAPITAL1 BUT TO E/ABLI% 'FRE$ ZONES' :]E ! ',R$ ,KHM]S CAN BUILD UP !IR [N >MIES444!Y W\LD RA!R >M ! PEASANTRY ?AN E/ABLI% A PUPPET REGIME40.<#d#g.> ,JEAN-,CLAUDE ,POMONTI REPORTS1 AFT] ! ,AM]ICAN 9VASION1 ?AT ! AIM ( ! W> 

444IS NO LONG] TO PU% .<! ,VIET ,CONG.> \T ( ,CAMBODIA BUT TO PREV5T !IR GA9+ 5\< LOCAL SUPPORT & P[] TO SOON] OR LAT] ?REAT5 ,G5]AL ,LON ,NOL'S GOV]NM5T4 ,ON ONE SIDE1 AN EMBRYONIC ,KHM] ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY1 BACK$ BY ACTIVE & VITAL SUPPORT FROM ! ,VIET ,CONG1 HAS TEMPOR>ILY ALLI$ ) ,PR9CE ,SIHAN\K TO ORGANIZE A LIB]ATION >MY4 ,ON ! O!R1 A L>GE SEGM5T ( ! UPP] CLASS HAS CALL$ = =EIGN AID 9 ORD] TO BUILD UP ITS AU?ORITY ?R\<\T ! C\NTRY4.<#d#h.> 

,POMONTI'S REPORT HAS A FAMILI> R+ TO IT4 

,I,I,I 

,! ,VIET ,CONG /RATEGY ( E/ABLI%+ FRE$ ZONES 9 :I* ! ,R$ ,KHM]S CAN BUILD UP !IR [N >MIES1 BAS$ ON ! PEASANTRY1 NO D\BT EXPLA9S ,/ANLEY ,K>N['S OBS]VATION ?AT 0! ,COMMUNI/S HAVE C>EFULLY REFRA9$ FROM MOV+ AGA9/ T[NS !Y C\LD PROBABLY CAPTURE )\T FIR+ A %OT40.<#d#i.> ,AS HE ALSO NOTES1 !Y HAVE NOT EV5 ATTEMPT$ 0TO PROMPT UPRIS+S 9 >EAS LIKE WE/]N ,BATTAMBANG ,PROV9CE1 :]E A LOCAL LEFT-W+ DISSID5T MOVEM5T HAS BE5 IMPLANT$ = YE>S40 ,!Y APPE> FULLY CONFID5T ?AT1 )\T ! COMMITM5T ( MAJOR =CES1.<#e.> !Y CAN CREATE A PEASANT-BAS$ GU]RILLA =CE LOYAL TO ,SIHAN\K ?AT WILL RE/ORE HIM TO P[]1 ?IS TIME 9 A FIRM ALLIANCE ) ! ,CAMBODIAN LEFT & A PEASANT-BAS$ POPUL> MOVEM5T4 ,REPORTS FROM ! FIELD SUPPORT ?IS JUDGM5T4 ,NO D\BT ! ,AM]ICANS AGREE AS WELL4 ,?IS IS SURELY ONE MAJOR REASON = ! 9VASION ( ,CAMBODIA DUR+ ! LA/ WEEK ( ,APRIL4 

,!RE W]E1 NO D\BT1 O!R SUPPORT+ REASONS4 ,NIXON IMPLI$ 9 HIS ,APRIL #c SPEE* ANN\NC+ ! 9VASION ?AT ! ALT]NATIVES W]E ESCALATION OR DEFEAT4 ,?AT SEEMS A NOT UNREASONABLE ASSESSM5T4 ,! 9VASION MAY 9DICATE ?AT 0,VIETNAMIZATION0 IS SO FRAGILE ?AT EV5 R$UCTION ( ,AM]ICAN =CES TO A QU>T] ( A MILLION M5 IS REG>D$ AS UNFEASIBLE 9 ,WA%+TON--?AT IT IS FE>$ ?AT TO SECURE ?IS IMM5SE >MY ( OCCUPATION MU* WID] >EAS ( ,9DO*9A MU/ BE TURN$ 9TO FREE FIRE ZONES1 EMPTY & DESOLATE4 

,H[EV]1 IT IS H>DLY CLE> ?AT !RE >E 0REASONS10 9 ANY S]I\S S5SE1 = ! NEW ESCALATION1 ANY MORE ?AN ONE CAN HOPE TO CON/RUCT A S5SIBLE & RELIABLE EXPLANATION = ! ?9K+1 SU* AS IT WAS1 ?AT L$ TO ! UNPROVOK$ BOMB>DM5T ( ,NOR? ,VIETNAM 9 #a#i#f#e4 ,%ORTLY AFT] ! ANTI-,SIHAN\K C\P 9 #a#i#e#h1 ! ,SAIGON GOV]NM5T DIPLOMATIC REPRES5TATIVE 9 ,PHNOM ,P5H 7LAT] A M9I/] UND] ,DIEM71 :O APPE>S TO HAVE BE5 IMPLICAT$ 9 ! C\P1 TOLD A REPORT]3 

,Y\ MU/ UND]/& ?AT WE 9 ,SAIGON >E DESP]ATE M54 ,WE >E A GOV]NM5T ( DESP]ADOES4.<#e#a.> 

,AN ACCURATE DESCRIPTION1 :I* APPLIES ) EQUAL =CE TO ?OSE :O DESIGN ,AM]ICAN POLICY4 ,!SE M5 HAVE 5ORM\S P[] AT !IR COMM& & CAN DO V]Y MU* AS !Y WI%1 ) FEW RE/RICTIONS4 ,AS REC5T EV5TS ONCE MORE REVEAL1 ! ,CON/ITUTION & UNORGANIZ$ PUBLIC OP9ION S]VE AS NO S]I\S CON/RA9T1 & 9T]NATIONAL LAW & \R 0SOLEMN TREATY OBLIGATIONS0--TO ! ,U,N ,*>T]1 = EXAMPLE1 :I* REMA9S1 IF ANYONE C>ES1 0! SUPREME LAW ( ! L&0.<#e#b.> --HAVE LONG FAD$ FROM CONSCI\SNESS4 ,REF]5CE TO !M HAS BECOME 0MORALI/IC0 OR 0NAIVE10 AS IT NO D\BT IS4 

,MORE S]I\SLY1 ! VICTIMS HAVE ABSOLUTELY NO WAY ( /RIK+ BACK AT ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES1 ! S\RCE ( AGGRESSION1 & IT IS UNLIKELY ?AT !IR ALLIES WILL RISK ! FURY ( ,AM]ICAN NUCLE> ATTACK BY ?REAT5+ ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES ) RETALIATION4 ,!RE=E1 ! ,AM]ICAN GOV]NM5T CAN 0EXP]IM5T0 ) ONE TE*NIQUE ( DE/RUCTION AFT] ANO!R--0POPULATION CONTROL ME?ODS0 & O!R POLICE /ATE TACTICS1 ASSASS9ATION TEAMS TO DE/ROY ! 5EMY 09FRA/RUCTURE10 DEFOLIATION1 =C$ EVACUATION1 CONC5TRATION ( ! POPULATION 9 CAMPS & URBAN SLUMS1 BOMB>DM5T ON A SCALE UNKN[N 9 HUMAN HI/ORY1.<#e#c.> 9VASION ( O!R C\NTRIES1 & :ATEV] O!R IDEAS HAPP5 TO OCCUR TO !M4 ,! DISP>ITY ( =CE BETWE5 ! ,AM]ICAN GOV]NM5T & ITS VICTIMS IS SO 5ORM\S ?AT ,AM]ICAN PLANN]S CAN PRETTY MU* DO AS !Y WI%1 )\T FE> ( S]I\S RETALIATION4 ,9 SU* A SITUATION1 IT IS QUITE PO9TLESS TO TRY TO EXPLA9 ! ACTIONS ( !SE FRI<T5$ & LIMIT$ M5 ON RATIONAL GR\NDS4 ,!Y HAVE ! =CE AT !IR COMM&1 & CAN USE IT ) IMPUNITY4 ,FUR!R EXPLANATIONS >E 9 A S5SE SUP]FLU\S4 

,PRESID5T ,NIXON WI%ES US TO BELIEVE ?AT AFT] A RI<T-W+ C\P 9 ,CAMBODIA1 ! ,VIET ,CONG & ,NOR? ,VIETNAMESE HAVE BECOME A MORE S]I\S MILIT>Y ?REAT TO ,S\? ,VIETNAM4 ,?IS IS AS CONV9C+ AS HIS FANTASIES AB\T ,NOR? ,VIETNAM SURR\ND+ ! ,S\? ) ITS AWESOME MILIT>Y MI<T4 ,HE ALSO ALLUD$ OM9\SLY TO ! SANCTU>IES 9 ,SVAY ,RI5G PROV9CE 70,P>ROT'S ,BEAK071 0AS CLOSE TO ,SAIGON AS ,BALTIMORE IS TO ,WA%+TON10 & SPOKE ( ! RAPID ,N,V,A BUILDUP 9 ,CAMBODIA 9 ,APRIL4 ,AS TO ! LATT]1 MILIT>Y S\RCES 9 ,SAIGON REPORT ?AT !Y KN[ ( NO ,COMMUNI/ BUILDUP 9 ,CAMBODIA4.<#e#d.> ,:AT ( ! PRIOR SITUATION 9 ! D5SELY POPULAT$ FLAT RICEL& ( ,SVAY ,RI5G PROV9CE8 ,! PROV9CE WAS VISIT$ BY ,T4 ,D4 ,ALLMAN A FEW MON?S AGO4 .<#e#e.> ,F\R ?+S1 HE WROTE1 SEEM EVID5T AS A RESULT ( HIS 9VE/IGATION4 ,I QUOTE3 

#a4 ,! ,VIETCONG USE ,CAMBODIAN T]RITORY MU* LESS ?AN ! ,AM]ICANS 9 ,SAIGON CLAIM4 

#b4 ,U,S AIRCRAFT VIOLATE ,CAMBODIAN AIR SPACE & BOMB & /RAFE ,CAMBODIAN T]RITORY 9 VIOLATION ( ! ,U,S GUIDEL9ES1 FREQU5TLY ) NO CAUSE AT ALL1 & MU* MORE (T5 ?AN ! ,U,S ADMITS4 

#c4 ,9 FAIRNESS TO ALL SIDES1 IT IS OBVI\S ?AT ! ,AM]ICANS1 ,S\? ,VIETNAMESE1 ,VIETCONG & ,NOR? ,VIETNAMESE >E ALL MAK+ SOME DEGREE ( EF=T TO KEEP ! W> \T ( ,CAMBODIA4 

#d4 ,! ,CAMBODIAN EF=T TO HOLD GR\ND AGA9/ ALL COM]S BELIES ANY REPORTS ?AT !Y HAVE AN 0AGREEM5T0 ) ! COMMUNI/S--OR = ?AT MATT] ) ! ,AM]ICANS4 

,HE DESCRIBES ?IS DANG]\S 0SANCTU>Y0 AS 0AN ABSOLUTELY FLAT C\NTRY--RICE PADDIES1 VILLAGES1 OCCASIONALLY A SMALL GROVE ( TREES444SCANN+ ! OP5 HORIZON1 BROK5 ONLY BY ,CAMBODIAN VILLAGES & MANGO GROVES1 !RE SEEM$ NO PLACE ! ,VIETCONG C\LD HIDE1 LET ALONE E/ABLI% A P]MAN5T SANCTU>Y40 ,ALLMAN SP5T A DAY 9 ! ISOLAT$ DI/RICT ( ,*ANTREA4 ,! EV5+ BE=E1 ,AM]ICAN PLANES HAD BOMB$ & /RAF$ A VILLAGE 0#b#c MET]S 9SIDE ,CAMBODIA & CLE>LY VISIBLE ACROSS A RICE FIELD10 KILL+ TWO F>M]S & DE/ROY+ A HECT>E ( PADDY4 ,! DI/RICT (FIC] /AT$3 

,!RE >E NO ,VIETCONG 9 ,*ANTREA DI/RICT4 ,!Y NEV] 5T] \R T]RITORY MORE ?AN #e MET]S1 EV5 AT NI<T4 ,MO/LY !Y >E PASS+4 ,!RE >E NO CAMPS H]E4 ,NO SANCTU>IES4 

,DUR+ #aifi .<! DI/RICT (FIC] ADD$.>1 9 ?IS ONE DI/RICT ( ,SVAY ,RI5G PROV9CE1 N9E ,CAMBODIANS W]E KILL$ BY ,AM]ICAN BOMBS OR GUNS2 #b ,CAMBODIANS W]E W\ND$2 #a HECT>ES ( RICE PADDY WAS DAMAG$2 & MORE ?AN #a F>M ANIMALS W]E KILL$2 NO ,VIETCONG W]E KILL$ BY ,AM]ICANS1 & NO ,CAMBODIANS W]E KILL$ BY ,VIETCONG4 

,AS !Y SPOKE1 A POLICEMAN 5T]$ TO REPORT BOMB+ & /RAF+ #b MET]S 9SIDE ,CAMBODIA3 0,9CID5TALLY1 !RE IS NO ONE !RE .<! POLICEMAN REPORT$.>4 ,NO ,VIETCONG1 NO ,CAMBODIAN4 ,BUT ONE RICE FIELD & A GROVE ( MANGO TREES >E BE+ DE/ROY$40 

,FROM !SE ACC\NTS1 IT IS NOT DIFFICULT TO PR$ICT ! *>ACT] ( ! 9VASION ( ,SVAY ,RI5G PROV9CE1 N[ 9 ITS 9ITIAL /AGES4 ,IT WILL LEAD TO ! DE/RUCTION ( VILLAGES & ! DISPLACEM5T ( POPULATION1 BUT PROBABLY LITTLE ELSE4 ,E>LY REPORTS 9DICATE ?AT ?IS IS EXACTLY :AT IS BE+ A*IEV$4 ,JAMES ,/]BA REPORTS ?AT 0FEW PEOPLE W]E TO BE SE5 9 ! ,P>ROT'S ,BEAK444BUT ANIMALS W]E EV]Y:]E10 WAT] BUFFALO & H]DS ( CATTLE NE> AB&ON$ H\SES4 .<#e#f.> ,! ,>,V,N SOLDI]S AS USUAL W]E /EAL+ *ICK5S4 0,DOZ5S ( H\SES W]E BURN$ BY ,S\? ,VIETNAMESE TROOPS 9 ! ,P>ROT'S ,BEAK4 ,!IR *>R$ FRAMES DOTT$ ! L&SCAPE40 

,AM]ICAN TROOPS WILL BE UNABLE TO MAT* ! ,>,V,N ACCOMPLI%M5TS1 S9CE ! 0,FI%HOOK0 >EA ?AT !Y >E 9VAD+ IS MORE ?9LY SETTL$4 ,BUT AT LEA/ !Y >E TRY+3 

444TROOPS ( ! ,U,S #a#a? ,>MOR$ ,CAVALRY ,REGIM5T BURN$ D[N AT LEA/ FIVE VILLAGES1 EA* ) #c TO #d H\SES4 ,(FIC]S SAID !Y W]E TOLD TO BURN ! VILLAGES BECAUSE !Y C\LD BE ( USE TO ,NOR? ,VIETNAMESE & ,VIET ,CONG TROOPS4 ,! ,AM]ICANS MET NO RESI/ANCE4 ,VILLAG]S FL$4 .<#e#g.> 

,PET] ,>NETT IS QUOT$ AS REPORT+ ?AT ,AM]ICAN TROOPS 5T]+ ,SN\L W]E ORD]$ TO 0BL[ ! T[N AWAY40.<#e#h.> 

,RETURN+ TO \R COMRADES 9 >MS1 ,GLORIA ,EM]SON REPORTS FROM ,PRASAUT1 TOTALLY AB&ON$ BE=E ! ,S\? ,VIETNAMESE TROOPS 5T]$4 ,FR5*-SPEAK+ ,G5]AL ,DO ,CAO ,TRI 70SMOK+ A PIPE & HOLD+ A SWAGG]/ICK07 DID NOT DISC\RAGE HIS TROOPS FROM WRIT+ ANTI-,CAMBODIAN SLOGANS ON ! WALLS ( BUILD+S1 = EXAMPLE3 0,N[ IS ! TIME = ! KILL]S TO PAY 9 BLOOD10 A REF]5CE TO ! ,CAMBODIAN MASSACRE ( EI<TY-N9E ,VIETNAMESE 9 ,PRASAUT ON ,APRIL #a1 :5 ! ,LON ,NOL GOV]NM5T WAS DESP]ATELY ATTEMPT+ TO HOLD ITS AU?ORITY BY BRUTALLY FANN+ E?NIC HO/ILITIES3 

,IF ?IS WAS A TRIUMPHANT DAY = ! ,S\? ,VIETNAMESE1 IT WAS A BEWILD]+1 FRI<T5+ ONE = ! ,CAMBODIANS :O HID 9SIDE !IR H\SES NE> ,R\TE #a OR FL$ !IR HOMES4 ,CLOSE TO ! ,VIETNAMESE BORD] AT ,GODAUHA1 ONLY A FEW M5 WAT*$ ! ,S\? ,VIETNAMESE TROOPS PASS4 ,!Y />$ ) TI<T1 SULL5 FACES4 ,JU/ \TSIDE ,PRASAUT1 ! DOORS ( ! WOOD5 H\SES ?AT /& ON /ILTS W]E EMPTY & SIL5T4 ,!RE W]E ?ICK LOCKS ON ! DOORS ( ! BETT] H\SES1 & PORTRAITS ( ,PR9CE ,SIHAN\K1 ! DEPOS$ ,*IEF ( ,/ATE ( ,CAMBODIA1 /ILL HUNG ON ! WALLS ( ONE POR*4.<#e#i.> 

,! ,OBS]V] 7,LONDON71 ,MAY #c1 CITES 

444REPORTS ?AT SEEM TO C>RY A GRIMM] SIGNIFICANCE4 ,AP>T FROM ! ,VIET ,CONG CASUALTIES1 ! ,AM]ICANS HAVE ANN\NC$ ?AT SCORES ( 0P]SONS0 HAVE BE5 DETA9$ BY ! ALLI$ =CES4 ,!Y HAVE BE5 L$ \T ( ! >EA UND] GU>D1 BL9DFOLD$ ) !IR H&S TI$ BEH9D !IR BACKS1 SUSPECT$ ( BE+ ,NOR? ,VIETNAMESE SOLDI]S4 ,! >EA IS 9HABIT$ BY MANY CIVILIANS1 BO? ,VIETNAMESE & ,CAMBODIANS1 FAMILIES ( RUBB] PLANTATION WORK]S & WOODCUTT]S4 

,?IS L5DS A FE>FUL EMPHASIS TO ! REM>KS ( ,AM]ICAN (FIC]S ON ! SPOT ?AT ,AM]ICAN OBS]VATION & GUN%IP HELICOPT]S HAVE BE5 GIV5 CLE>ANCE 0TO FIRE ON ANY?+ ?AT MOVES0 9 AN >EA EXT5D+ AB\T ?REE MILES NOR? & WE/ ( ! GR\ND OP]ATIONS4 

,:AT ( ! ,CAMBODIAN TROOPS8 ,JACK ,FOISIE1 REPORT+ FROM ,SVAY ,RI5G1 DESCRIBES 0! *URLI%NESS ( ,CAMBODIAN >MY TROOP]S :O APPE>$ DISMAY$ ?AT ! ,SAIGON GOV]NM5T >MY WAS OCCUPY+ !IR T[N1 EV5 ?\< AT ! MOM5T !Y W]E ALLIES0.<#f.> --A FACT TOO SUBTLE1 APP>5TLY1 = ! SIMPLE PEASANT M9D TO COMPREH5D4 

,& SO WE PROCE$ TO SAVE ! PEOPLE ( ,CAMBODIA FROM ,VIETNAMESE AGGRESSION1 JU/ AS WE HAVE BE5 SAV+ ! ,LAO & ! ,VIETNAMESE !MSELVES4 

,IT IS DIFFICULT TO BELIEVE ?AT ,AM]ICAN /RATEGI/S EXPECT TO F9D ! HI<LY MOBILE ,VIET ,CONG & ,NOR? ,VIETNAMESE TROOPS SITT+ & WAIT+ AFT] SEV]AL DAYS ( OBVI\S PREP>ATIONS = AN 9VASION1 ANY MORE ?AN !Y EXPECT TO F9D ,PA!T ,LAO & ,NOR? ,VIETNAMESE TROOPS /ROLL+ ?R\< ! M>KET PLACE :5 !Y WIPE \T A ,LAO VILLAGE FROM ! AIR4 ,! EXP]I5CE ( E>LI] SWEEPS )9 ,S\? ,VIETNAM HAS BE5 ?AT !RE WAS LITTLE CONTACT ) ,COMMUNI/ =CES1 & VIRTUALLY NO CORRELATION BETWE5 CONTACT & PRIOR 9TELLIG5CE4 ,?IS IS A /ORY 9 ITSELF1 /ILL L>GELY UNTOLD4 ,= EXAMPLE1 A MAP ( ,OP]ATION ,JUNCTION ,CITY 9 ! #a#i#f#f-#f#g ,YE>BOOK ( ! #b#e? ,9FANTRY ,DIVISION %[S EXT5SIVE 0OBJECTIVE0 >EAS ?AT W]E DEVA/AT$ PRIOR TO ! SWEEP1 BUT VIRTUALLY NO 0CONTACT0--SNIP] FIRE OR SOLDI]S1 DEAD OR ALIVE--)9 ! OBJECTIVE >EAS1 SEV]AL ( :I* W]E HEAVILY SETTL$4.<#f#a.> 

,IT IS A VIRTUAL C]TA9TY ?AT GREAT VICTORIES WILL BE CLAIM$ 9 ! ,CAMBODIAN 9VASION1 & ?AT ! MILIT>Y WILL RELEASE REPORTS ( >MS CA*ES & RICE DE/ROY$1 MILIT>Y BASES DEMOLI%$1 & MU* KILL+ ( 0,NOR? ,VIETNAMESE10 I4E41 PEOPLE :O F9D !MSELVES 9 ! WAY ( AN ,AM]ICAN TANK OR 9 AN >EA BOMB$ OR /RAF$4 ,SO MANY REPUTATIONS & C>E]S >E AT /AKE ?AT GLORI\S VICTORIES >E GU>ANTE$4 

,FUR!RMORE1 SOME ( !SE REPORTS MAY EV5 BE CORRECT4 ,ON PROBABILI/IC GR\NDS ALONE1 ONE W\LD EXPECT ?AT ,AM]ICAN MILIT>Y 9TELLIG5CE CAN'T ALWAYS BE WRONG AB\T EV]Y?+4 ,! HEADQU>T]S ( ! ,VIETNAMESE RESI/ANCE =CES & ! BASES ?AT !Y USE = ,R-&-,R MU/ BE SOME:]E1 & !Y MAY WELL BE F\ND & DE/ROY$ DUR+ ! ,AM]ICAN-,SAIGON SWEEP4 ,:E!R ! 9VAD+ TROOPS WILL )DRAW REMA9S TO BE SE54 ,?AT ! C\NTRYSIDE WILL BE DEVA/AT$ & ITS POPULATION REMOV$ OR DE/ROY$ IS REASONABLY C]TA94 ,V]Y PROBABLY1 IF !SE T]RITORIES >E AB&ON$ BY ! 9VAD+ =CES1 SOME1 AT LEA/1 WILL BE JO9$ TO ! >EA ON ! ,S\? ,VIETNAMESE SIDE ( ! BORD] AS AN EXT5D$ FREE FIRE ZONE4 

,I,V 

,! AMAZ+1 UNANTICIPAT$ POPUL> REVULSION AGA9/ ! ,AM]ICAN 9VASION ( ,CAMBODIA 9DICATES ?AT IT WILL BE V]Y DIFFICULT1 9 ! %ORT RUN AT LEA/1 = ! GOV]NM5T TO MAKE USE ( ,AM]ICAN GR\ND TROOPS TO 5SURE ITS CONTROL ( ?OSE :O REMA9 REFRACTORY4 ,! ,P5TAGON WILL !RE=E HAVE TO LE>N TO RELY MORE EFFECTIVELY ON ! TE*NOLOGY ( DE/RUCTION4 ,*ANCES >E ?AT A R+ ( FIRE & DEVA/ATION WILL SURR\ND ! \TPO/S ( ! 0FREE WORLD0 9 ,S\? ,VIETNAM1 PROTECT+ ! ,AM]ICAN >MY ( A QU>T] ( A MILLION M5 & ITS P]MAN5T BASES FROM ATTACK4 ,IF ,EA/]N ,CAMBODIA MU/ BE SACRIFIC$ TO ?IS 5D1 NEI!R ,G5]AL ,?IEU NOR HIS EMPLOY]S CAN BE EXPECT$ TO %$ MANY TE>S4 

,AS 9 ,LAOS & ,VIETNAM1 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES IS 9T]V5+--:ATEV] ITS IMM$IATE REASONS--TO SUPPORT REACTION>Y1 EV5 FEUDALI/IC ELEM5TS1 & TO SUPPRESS AN EM]G+ PEASANT-BAS$ MOVEM5T ( NATIONAL 9DEP5D5CE4 ,AS ,I HAVE ALREADY NOT$1 !RE IS SOME EVID5CE ?AT ! ,C,I,A HAD A F+]1 & P]HAPS A H&1 9 ! ,M>* #ah C\P4 ,9 ANY EV5T1 :5 ,SIHAN\K REFUS$ TO RETIRE TO ,FRANCE LIKE A WELL-BEHAV$ ,BAO ,DAI1 AS ! ,VIET ,CONG /RATEGY ( >M+ ! PEASANTS & 5C\RAG+ ! =MATION ( A PRO-,SIHAN\K ,CAMBODIAN LIB]ATION >MY BECAME EVID5T1 ,AM]ICAN 9T]V5TION BECAME ESS5TIAL4 ,TAD ,SZULC REPORT$ FROM ,WA%+TON ?AT 0,! ,KHM] ,R\GES1 ! ,CAMBODIAN EQUIVAL5T ( ! ,S\? ,VIETNAMESE ,VIETCONG GU]RILLAS1 MAY BECOME AN IMPORTANT POLITICAL ELEM5T 9 ,CAMBODIA1 9 ! OP9ION ( ,U,S ,GOV]NM5T EXP]TS ON ,9DO*9A40.<#f#b.> ,! ,KHM] LIB]ATION =CES1 IF !Y CONT9UE TO EXP&1 CAN BE EXPECT$ TO L9K UP ) ! ,N,L,F 7N[ ! ,PROVISIONAL ,REVOLUTION>Y ,GOV]NM5T ( ,S\? ,VIETNAM71 ! ,PA!T ,LAO1 & ! ,NOR? ,VIETNAMESE 9 A G5]AL ,9DO*9A W> AGA9/ ! RI<TW+ ELEM5TS BACK$ BY ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES4 

,IT IS WIDELY ADMITT$ ?AT ! REVOLUTION>Y GR\PS WE CONFRONT 9 ,LAOS & ,VIETNAM--& SOON1 V]Y LIKELY1 9 ,CAMBODIA-->E ! ONLY 9DIG5\S =CES ?AT HAVE ANY IMM$IATE PROSPECT ( MOBILIZ+ MASS SUPPORT 9 ,9DO*9A4 ,= EXAMPLE1 A REC5TLY PUBLI%$ ,R,& ,CORPORATION /UDY CONC$ES ?AT AP>T FROM ! ,NEO ,LAO ,HAK ,SAT 7! POLITICAL P>TY ( ! REVOLUTION>Y MOVEM5T 9 ,LAOS71 !RE IS NO 0BROADLY BAS$ POLITICAL ORGANIZATION0 9 ,LAOS1 A C\NTRY RUN BY AN 0EXTREMELY SMALL ELITE10.<#f#c.> TO BE MORE PRECISE1 H>DLY MORE ?AN A FACADE = ! ,AM]ICANS4 ,SIMIL>LY1 ! ,C\NCIL ( ,VIETNAMESE ,/UDIES ( ,S,E,A,D,A,G 7! ,S\!A/ ,ASIA ,DEVELOPM5T ,ADVISORY ,GR\P7 9 ITS MEET+S ( ,MAY #c1 #a#i#f#i1 /RUGGLES ) ! FACT ?AT ! ,N,L,F IS ! 0BE/ ORGANIZ$ POLITICAL GR\P10 ! 0/RONGE/ POLITICAL GR\P 9 ,S\? ,VIETNAM40.<#f#d.> ,! SAME CONCLUSIONS >E REA*$ 9 S*OL>LY LIT]ATURE4 ,= EXAMPLE1 ! ,VIETNAM S*OL> ,ALL5 ,GOODMAN CONCLUDES3 

,9DE$1 IT W\LD APPE> ?AT ! ORGANIZATION ( A CADRE /RUCTURE & ! NURTUR+ ( /RONG LOCAL GOV]NM5TS WILL CONT9UE TO BE ! =TE ( ! ,VIET ,CONG AS ,S\? ,VIETNAM APPROA*ES PEACEFUL CONDITIONS4 ,! ULTIMATE VICTOR 9 ,S\? ,VIETNAM WILL NOT BE ?AT P>TY :I* NECESS>ILY W9S ! W>1 BUT RA!R ?AT P>TY :I* ORGANIZES = PEACE4.<#f#e.> 

,?US ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES IS =C$ TO RESORT TO ! ,PH5IX PROGRAM TO DE/ROY ! ,VIET ,CONG 09FRA/RUCTURE10 & TO ! O!R MEANS ( ANNIHILATION & POPULATION CONTROL ) :I* IT EXP]IM5TS ?R\<\T ,9DO*9A4 ,9 ,CAMBODIA TOO IT IS LIKELY ?AT ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES WILL HAVE TO UND]TAKE 9T5SIVE BOMB>DM5T ( CIVILIAN T>GETS1 AS 9 ,LAOS1 OR DIRECT OCCUPATION1 AS 9 ,S\? ,VIETNAM1 TO MA9TA9 9 P[] ! RI<T-W+ ELEM5TS TO :I* IT IS COMMITT$4 

,NOR IS ?IS LIKELY TO BE ! 5D4 ,! ,F> ,EA/]N ,ECONOMIC ,REVIEW COMM5TS $ITORIALLY ?AT !RE >E GR\NDS = 0CLAIM+ ?AT ! REVOLUTION>Y SITUATION 9 ! REGION IS EXCELL5T40 ,EXT5D+ !IR 0GLOOMY SPECULATIONS0 AB\T ,9DO*9A1 !Y PROCE$3 

444TO 5VISAGE A PEOPLE'S W>1 SUPPLI$ & SUPPORT$ FROM ,LAOS1 5GULF+ ! NOR!A/ & NOR? ( ,?AIL&1 EV5TUALLY L9K+ UP ) DISSID5TS 9 ! S\? FOM5T$ BY ,*+ ,P5G & ! RUMP ( ! ,MALAYAN ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY1 & SPREAD+ ACROSS ! C\NTRY TO JO9 H&S ) ! NUM]\S FACTIONS 9 OP5 REVOLT )9 ,BURMA4 ,FROM H]E ! REVOLUTION>Y L9E LEADS VIA ! ,NAGAS & O!R M9ORITIES TO ! ,NAXALITES & ,WE/ ,B5GAL4.<#f#f.> 

,IT IS NOT DIFFICULT TO IMAG9E O!R REASONS1 9 EA* ( ! C\NTRIES NAM$1 = ! EXPANSION ( 0PEOPLE'S W>40 ,! ,AM]ICAN 9VOLVEM5T ALONE IS A CONTRIBUT+ FACTOR4 ,! ,U,S CAN H>DLY EXPECT TO TURN ,?AIL& 9TO A MILIT>Y BASE = ITS ,S\!A/ ,ASIAN W>S )\T CALL+ =? A RESPONSE BY 0,COMMUNI/S0 :O REFUSE TO FOLL[ ! RULES4.<#f#g.> ,DOME/IC REASONS >E ALSO NOT DIFFICULT TO CONJURE UP4 ,! $ITORIAL COMM5T 9 ! ,F> ,EA/]N ,ECONOMIC ,REVIEW ALSO NOTES ?AT 0,*9A W\LD PROBABLY BE MU* HAPPI] ) A NEUTRALI/ ,LAOS & A NEUTRALI/ ,CAMBODIA40 ,?IS IS NO D\BT TRUE4 ,SIHAN\K1 = ONE1 CONT9UALLY EMPHASIZ$ ?IS PO9T1 AS NOT$ E>LI]4 ,! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES1 H[EV]1 IS UNLIKELY TO P]MIT ?IS OPTION4 

,BY ITS 9SI/5CE ON IMPOS+ RI<TW+ GOV]NM5TS ) VIRTUALLY NO POPUL> SUPPORT ON ! PEOPLE ( ,9DO*9A1 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES MAY ULTIMATELY SUCCE$ 9 BR++ AB\T A ,PACIFIC OR EV5 A GLOBAL W>4 ,?\< ?IS MAY NOT APPE> LIKELY AT ! MOM5T1 IT IS EASY TO IMAG9E A SEQU5CE ( EV5TS ?AT W\LD LEAD TO ?IS CONSEQU5CE4 ,9 ANY EV5T1 ! FUTURE = ! PEOPLE ( ,S\!A/ ,ASIA IS DIM4 ,! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES IS US+ ITS 9COMP>ABLE TE*NOLOGICAL RES\RCES & ITS 9T]NATIONALLY BAS$ MILIT>Y =CES TO OCCUPY & DE/ROY VA/ T]RITORIES1 TO UPROOT & DEMORALIZE ! POPULATION1 TO DISRUPT SOCIAL LIFE 9 ! >EAS IT CANNOT PHYSICALLY CONTROL4 ,SO LONG AS ! ,AM]ICAN PEOPLE TOL]ATE !SE ATROCITIES1 ! PEOPLE ( ,S\!A/ ,ASIA CAN LOOK =W>D ONLY TO CONT9U$ MIS]Y4 

,9 AN E>LI] ESSAY1 ,I NOT$ ?AT ! ,AM]ICAN POLICY ( CONQUE/ 9 ,9DO*9A HAS CONT9U$1 )\T FUNDAM5TAL *ANGE 9 GOALS1 = TW5TY YE>S4.<#f#h.> ,IT IS IMPORTANT TO REIT]ATE ?AT ?IS POLICY HAS BE5 SE51 FROM ! />T1 AS A C5TRAL COMPON5T 9 GLOBAL ,AM]ICAN /RATEGY4 ,9 A P]CEPTIVE >TICLE1 ,WALT] ,LA,FEB] OBS]V$ SEV]AL YE>S AGO.<#f#i.> ?AT :5 ,EIS5H[] ANN\NC$ HIS 0FALL+ DOM9OES0 !ORY ON ,APRIL #g1 #a#i#e#d1 HE REF]R$ SPECIFICALLY TO ,JAPAN3 

.<,COMMUNI/ SUCCESS 9 ,9DO*9A.> TAKES AWAY1 9 ITS ECONOMIC ASPECTS1 ?AT REGION ?AT ,JAPAN MU/ HAVE AS A TRAD+ >EA OR ,JAPAN1 9 TURN1 WILL HAVE ONLY ONE PLACE 9 ! WORLD TO GO--?AT IS1 T[>D ! ,COMMUNI/ >EAS 9 ORD] TO LIVE4 ,SO1 ! POSSIBLE CONSEQU5CES ( ! LOSS >E JU/ 9CALCULABLE TO ! FREE WORLD4 

,LA,FEB] ADD$ ?AT 0,?IS !SIS BECAME A CONTROLL+ ASSUMPTION3 ! LOSS ( ,VIETNAM W\LD MEAN ! ECONOMIC UND]M9+ & PROBABLE LOSS ( ,JAPAN TO ,COMMUNI/ M>KETS & ULTIMATELY TO ,COMMUNI/ 9FLU5CE IF NOT CONTROL40.<#g.> ,AL?\< ! ,9DO*9A W> 9 P>T DEVELOPS ?R\< ITS [N DYNAMICS--! ,PRESID5T IS H>DLY LIKELY TO BE WILL+ TO FACE ! DOME/IC POLITICAL CONSEQU5CES ( AN ,AM]ICAN DEFEAT1 EV5 IF ! ALT]NATIVE IS A POSSIBLE GLOBAL W>--IT SEEMS TO ME1 NEV]!LESS1 ?AT ,LA,FEB] IS CORRECT 9 ID5TIFY+ ?IS 0CONTROLL+ ASSUMPTION10 & 9 >GU+ ?AT IT IS AN IMPORTANT FACTOR 9 ACC\NT+ = ! P]SI/5CE ( \R EF=T TO CONTROL ,S\!A/ ,ASIA4 

,ONE CAN1 ( C\RSE1 TRACE ! POLICY ( EXPANSION 9TO ,ASIA F> BACK 9 ,AM]ICAN HI/ORY4 ,! PO/W> ,AM]ICAN EF=T TO DOM9ATE ,S\!A/ ,ASIA HAS AN ELEM5T ( 0RATIONALITY10 ACCORD+ TO ! P]CEIV$ 9T]E/S ( MANY ( ?OSE :O MANAGE ,AM]ICAN SOCIETY--UN=TUNATELY = ! PEOPLE ( ,9DO*9A & ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES1 :O WILL PAY ! PRICE4 ,IT IS NOT UNLIKELY ?AT ! PRICE WILL BE ?AT DESCRIB$ BY ,PR(ESSOR ,FAIRBANK1 9 ! REM>KS QUOT$ E>LI]3 A W> AGA9/ ! PEOPLE ( ,ASIA & A GR[+ TOTALIT>IAN M5ACE 9 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES4 

,NONE ! LESS1 ! GRIM GAME IS F> FROM 5D$4 ,SO LONG AS ! W> CONT9UES1 IT MAY BE IMPOSSIBLE TO R$UCE 9FLATION & UNEMPLOYM5T TO 0TOL]ABLE0 LIMITS )\T IMPOS+ ! K9DS ( CONTROLS ?AT >E UNACCEPTABLE TO ! BUS9ESS COMMUNITY4 ,IF SO1 ,AM]ICAN WORK]S MAY REFUSE TO CONT9UE TO SACRIFICE !IR JOBS & LIVELIHOOD 9 ! CAUSE ( ,AM]ICAN DOM9ATION ( ,S\!A/ ,ASIA4 ,P]HAPS MU* WID] CIRCLES CAN BE DRAWN 9TO ! MOVEM5T AGA9/ ! W>4 ,!RE IS NO D\BT ?AT MANY1 MANY PEOPLE >E CONFUS$ & TR\BL$4 ,) S]I\S WORK1 !Y MI<T BE BR\<T TO JO9 ?OSE GREAT NUMB]S :O ACTIVELY OPPOSE ! W>4 ,!RE IS RESI/ANCE 9 ! MILIT>Y & CONT9U+ RESI/ANCE TO MILIT>Y CONSCRIPTION--ACCORD+ TO A REC5T REPORT10 0,! ,OAKL& 9DUCTION C5T]1 :I* PROCESSES DRAFTEES = ALL ( ,NOR!RN ,CALI=NIA & A PORTION ( ,NEVADA1 SAYS MORE ?AN HALF ( ! Y\NG M5 ORD]$ TO REPORT FAIL TO %[ UP--& #aa P]C5T ( ?OSE :O DO %[ UP REFUSE TO S]VE40.<#g#a.> 

,MANY MORE PEOPLE >E REFUS+ TO SUPPORT CRIM9AL ACTS BY PAYM5T ( W> TAXES4 ,AS ,I WRITE1 !RE IS AN UNPREC$5T$ /UD5T /RIKE4 ,ACTS ( SABOTAGE DIRECT$ AGA9/ ! MILIT>Y >E ON ! 9CREASE4 ,AN UND]GR\ND IS DEVELOP+1 AS SU* 0CRIM9ALS0 AS ,DANIEL ,B]RIGAN REFUSE TO ACCEPT ! LEGITIMACY ( ! AU?ORITY ?AT HAS S5T5C$ !M TO PRISON = TRY+ TO IMP$E ! W> MA*9E4 ,CONGRESS IS SEE?+1 & /ATE LEGISLATURES >E REGI/]+ OPPOSITION 9 SURPRIS+LY /RONG WAYS4 ,9 %ORT1 ?OSE :O /ILL HOPE TO SUBDUE & HOLD !IR ,S\!A/ ,ASIAN COLONIES HAVE PL5TY ( TR\BLE 9 /ORE = !M1 H]E AS WELL AS !RE4 

,TO PURSUE ! W>1 ! GOV]NM5T WILL HAVE TO SUBDUE DISS5T & PROTE/1 :I* IS SURE TO TAKE MORE MILITANT =MS AS ! W> EXP&S & ITS *>ACT] BECOMES CONT9UALLY MORE CLE>4 ,IT MAY HAVE TO MAKE A *OICE BETWE5 AB&ON+ ?IS W>1 ) LONG-T]M & UN=ESEEABLE CONSEQU5CES = ,AM]ICAN IMP]IAL POLICY1 & JETTISON+ :AT REMA9S ( ! /RUCTURE ( ,AM]ICAN DEMOCRACY4 ,! *OICE MI<T >ISE FAIRLY SOON4 ,CONSID]1 = EXAMPLE1 ! LEGISLATION 9TRODUC$ BY ,S5ATORS ,HATFIELD1 ,MC,GOV]N1 & O!RS TO CUT (F FUNDS = CONT9UATION ( ! W>4 ,?IS WAS A C\RAGE\S MOVE ON !IR P>T4 ,IT E/ABLI%ES A %>P CRIT]ION BY :I* IT CAN BE DET]M9$ :E!R ANY CONGRESSMAN IS = W> OR = PEACE 9 ,9DO*9A4 ,SUPPOSE ?AT IT BECOMES LAW4 ,!N ! *OICE WILL BE POS$ QUITE CLE>LY4 ,I W\LD HESITATE TO PR$ICT ! \TCOME4 

,NOTES 

,= EVID5CE ON ,AM]ICAN DEFOLIATION 9 ,CAMBODIA1 SEE 0,REPORT ON H]BICIDAL DAMAGE BY ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES 9 ,S\!A/]N ,CAMBODIA10 ,A4 ,H4 ,WE/+1 ,E4 ,W4 ,PFEIFF]1 ,J4 ,LAVOREL1 & ,L4 ,MAT>ASSO1 ,DEC4 #c#a1 #a#i#f#i1 ,PHNOM ,P5H1 9 ,T4 ,:ITESIDE 7$471 ,DEFOLIATION1 ,N4,Y41 ,BALLANT9E1 #a#i#g4 ,!Y NOTE1 9CID5TALLY1 ?AT 0DESPITE A WEEK ( FREE & UNHAMP]$ TRAVEL BY AUTOMOBILE1 ON FOOT1 & BY L[-FLY+ AIRCRAFT ALONG HUNDR$S ( KILOMET]S ( ! BORD]1 WE C\LD F9D NO EVID5CE ( ,VIET ,CONG ACTIVITY 9 ,CAMBODIA2 NOR DID \R REPEAT$ CONV]SATIONS ) ,CAMBODIANS & ,EUROPEANS LIV+ ALONG ! BORD] SUGGE/ ANY SU* ACTIVITY40 ,BUT !Y DO REPORT EXT5SIVE DAMAGE FROM DEFOLIANTS1 9 DIRECT & APP>5TLY DELIB]ATE OV]-FLI<TS4 

,C,I,A 9VOLVEM5T ) ! ,KHM] ,S]EI IS NOT 9 D\BT1 H[EV]4 ,SOME DETAILS W]E PUBLICLY REVEAL$ DUR+ ! REC5T APPEAL ( ,GRE5 ,B]ET (FIC] ,JOHN ,J4 ,MC,C>?Y1 ,JR41 :O HAD BE5 CONVICT$ = KILL+ A MEMB] ( ,KHM] ,S]EI4 ,SEE ,! ,NEW ,YORK ,TIMES1 ,JAN4 #b#h1 #a#i#g4 

,PR9CE ,SIHAN\K GOES ON TO ASK3 0,HAVE ! ,U,S AGGRESSORS1 ?R\< SOME OP]ATION ( ! ,HOLY ,<O/ BECOME PURE-BLOOD$ ,9DO*9ESE8 ,:O ESCALAT$ ! W> 9 ,LAOS & ,CAMBODIA8 ,FROM :I* AIRFIELD 7C]TA9LY NOT FROM ,GIA ,LAM7 DO ! ONE ?\S& DAILY AIR-RAIDS OV] ,LAOS TAKE (F8 ,DO ! ',COLUMBIA ,EAGLE' & ! ',C>IB\' PLANES ?AT >E FLY+ AN 5TIRE >S5AL ( WEAPONS = ,LON ,NOL & ,SIRIK ,MATAK & !IR M]C5>IES COME FROM ,G5]AL ,GIAP8 ,& ! HUNDR$S ( ,C,I,A 'SPECIAL ADVIS]S' :O HAVE >RIV$ 9 ,VI5TIANE1 >E !Y A 'PRES5T' FROM ,PREMI] ,PHAM ,VAN ,DONG80 

,!IR PRES5CE WAS NOT$ BY ! ,AM]ICAN PRESS A WEEK LAT]4 ,! ,NEW ,YORK ,TIMES1 ,MAY #c1 /ATES ?AT #b WELL->M$ MEMB]S W]E FL[N 9TO ,PHNOM ,P5H ! PREC$+ NI<T 79 FACT1 ,KIM ,KE?1 :O CLAIMS ?AT ! ,K4,K4,K4 HAS #de >M$ MEMB]S1 >RIV$ 9 ,CAMBODIA 9 #a#i#e#f1 & CLAIMS TO HAVE BE5 AN 9T]PRET] = ! ,AM]ICAN ,EMBASSY 9 ,PHNOM ,P5H UNTIL IT WAS CLOS$1 :5 HE BECAME AN ACTOR74 ,KIM ,KE? /ATES ?AT !Y DETE/$ ,SIHAN\K4 ,O!R S\RCES REPORT ?AT ,SIHAN\K ALWAYS P]MITT$ A PRO-,K4,K4,K4 PAP] TO OP]ATE1 ?\< LEFT-W+ PAP]S W]E SUPPRESS$ 9 REC5T YE>S4 ,ONE W\LD LIKE TO LE>N MORE AB\T !IR ACTIVITIES 9 ,CAMBODIA & ,S\? ,VIETNAM 9 ! PA/ FIFTE5 YE>S4 

,IT IS 9T]E/+ ?AT ,PREMI] ,LON ,NOL REQUE/$ ! USE ( !SE TROOPS FROM ,PRESID5T ,NIXON DIRECTLY4 ,OBVI\SLY1 HE UND]/&S V]Y WELL :O RUNS ,9DO*9A4 

,IT IS P]HAPS RELEVANT ?AT AN ANTI-,SIHAN\K C\P ATTEMPT$ 9 #aieh IS WIDELY ASSUM$ TO HAVE BE5 9SPIR$ BY ! ,C,I,A4 ,SEE ,FIELD1 OP4 CIT41 = A BRIEF 7& SOME:AT SKEPTICAL7 ACC\NT4 

.<#a.> ,CIT$ BY ,JIM ,PECK 9 AN EXCELL5T DISCUSSION ( PO/W> ,AM]ICAN ,ASIAN S*OL>%IP1 =?COM+ 9 ! ,BULLET9 ( ! ,CONC]N$ ,ASIAN ,S*OL>S1 #agcg ,MASSA*USETTS ,AV5UE1 ,CAMBRIDGE1 ,MASS4 

.<#b.> ,I WILL NOT DISCUSS ! CONT5T ( ?IS SPEE*1 :I* WAS AN 9SULT TO ! 9TELLIG5CE & AN EXPRESSION ( CONTEMPT = ,CONGRESS & ! ,AM]ICAN PEOPLE4 

.<#c.> ,SIDNEY ,S*ANB]G1 ,NEW ,YORK ,TIMES1 ,MAY #g4 

.<#d.> ,MU* ( ?IS 9=MATION IS PRES5T$ 9 ! REPORT ( ! ,SYM+TON SUB-COMMITTEE3 ,HE>+S BE=E ! ,SUB-COMMITTEE ON ,U,S ,SECURITY ,AGREEM5TS & ,COMMITM5TS ,ABROAD ( ! ,COMMITTEE ON ,=EIGN ,RELATIONS1 ,U,S ,S5ATE1 #i#a/ ,CONGRESS1 FIR/ SESSION1 ,OCTOB] #b-#b#h1 #a#i#f#i1 ,GOV]NM5T ,PR9T+ ,(FICE1 #a#i#g4 ,O!R DETAILS COME FROM 9T]VIEWS ) REFUGEES & ON ! SC5E REPORTS BY J\RNALI/S & O!R VISITORS TO ! BOMB$ >EAS4 

.<#e.> ,MI*AEL ,LEIF]1 0,REBELLION OR ,SUBV]SION 9 ,CAMBODIA10 ,CURR5T ,HI/ORY1 ,FEBRU>Y1 #a#i#f#i4 

.<#f.> ,IS ,CAMBODIA ,NEXT81 ,RUSSELL ,PRESS1 ,WA%+TON1 ,D4,C41 #a#i#f#g4 ,AN ,A,B,C TELEVISION CREW HAD ALSO BE5 UNABLE TO SUB/ANTIATE ! ,AM]ICAN *>GES4 ,BO? GR\PS W]E FREE TO TRAVEL ANY:]E 9 ,CAMBODIA & *ECK$ LOCATIONS SPECIFICALLY ALLEG$ TO BE BASE CAMPS & TRANSIT R\TES4 

.<#g.> ,DETAILS >E /ILL OBSCURE1 BUT ?IS APPE>S TO BE ! ORD] ( EV5TS1 AS WELL AS ,I CAN RECON/RUCT FROM ! 9=MATION 9 ! ,BO/ON ,GLOBE & ,NEW ,YORK ,TIMES1 ,MAY #c4 ,9 HIS /ATEM5T ( ,MAY #b1 9 :I* HE DISCUSS$ ! POSSIBILITY ( A RESUMPTION ( ! BOMB+ ( ,NOR? ,VIETNAM1 ,SECRET>Y ,LAIRD MADE NO M5TION ( ! ATTACK ?AT HAD ALREADY TAK5 PLACE4 ,LAT]1 ! ,P5TAGON ADMITT$ ! RAID 7PRESUMABLY AFT] ,BOYD'S /ORY WAS 9T]CEPT$71 BUT CLAIM$ ?AT IT WAS A 0PROTECTIVE REACTION0 AGA9/ ANTI-AIRCRAFT GUNS4 ,BOYD REPORTS ?AT HE HE>D SEV]AL DOZ5 EXPLOSIONS BUT HE>D NO DEF5SIVE FIRE & SAW NO SMOKE FROM ANTI-AIRCRAFT4 

.<#h.> ,U,N ,DOCUM5T S_/#g#h#b #a#e_/#c_/#f1 QUOT$ 9 ,IS ,CAMBODIA ,NEXT8 

.<#i.> ,T4 ,D4 ,ALLMAN1 ,F> ,EA/]N ,ECONOMIC ,REVIEW1 ,FEB4 #b#f1 #a#i#g4 ,CIT$ 9 AN 9=MATIVE DISCUSSION ( ! ,CAMBODIAN SITUATION 9 ,VIETNAM ,9T]NATIONAL1 ,APRIL1 #a#i#g1 #f ,5DSLEI< ,/41 ,LONDON1 ,W,C#a4 ,ALLMAN NOT$ ?AT ! NUMB] HAS CONT9U$ TO RISE1 & ?AT NOT ALL SU* 9CID5TS >E REPORT$4 ,MORE DETAILS >E GIV5 9 A ,CAMBODIAN ,GOV]NM5T ,:ITE ,PAP]1 ,JAN4 #c1 #a#i#g4 ,! REPORT ALSO NOTES ?AT NOT A S+LE ,VIET ,CONG BODY HAS EV] BE5 F\ND AFT] ,U,S-,SAIGON BOMB>DM5TS OR GR\ND ATTACKS4 

.<#a.> 0,CAMBODIA3 BETWE5 ,SCYLLA & ,*>YBDIS10 ,ASIAN ,SURVEY1 ,JANU>Y1 #a#i#f#h4 

.<#a#a.> ,MI*AEL ,LEIF]1 0,CAMBODIA10 ,ASIAN ,SURVEY1 ,JANU>Y1 #a#i#f#g4 

.<#a#b.> ,= EXAMPLE1 ! DICTATOR ( ,?AIL& UND] ! ,JAPANESE1 :O HAD 9 FACT DECL>$ W> AGA9/ ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES1 WAS RE9/ALL$ BY AN ,AM]ICAN-BACK$ MILIT>Y C\P 9 #a#i#d#h2 ! LIB]AL ,PRIDI ,PHANOMYONG1 :O HAD WORK$ ) ! ,O,S,S AGA9/ ! ,JAPANESE DUR+ ! W> & LAT] WON EASILY 9 ! ONLY RELATIVELY FREE ELECTION 9 ,?AIL& 9 #a#i#d#f1 SOON F\ND HIS WAY TO ,COMMUNI/ ,*9A1 :]E AT LA/ REPORT HE /ILL REMA9S4 ,IT %\LD1 9CID5TALLY1 BE NOT$ ?AT ! 9VOLVEM5T ( A ,S\!A/ ,ASIAN POLITICAL LEAD] ) ! ,JAPANESE 9 ITSELF PROVES V]Y LITTLE1 S9CE !RE W]E MANY POSSIBLE MOTIVATIONS1 9CLUD+ OPPOSITION TO ,WE/]N COLONIALISM4 

.<#a#c.> ,?IS *>ACT]IZATION ( ,SON ,NGOC ,?ANH & ,SONGSAK IS GIV5 BY ,DANIEL ,ROY1 0,LE ,C\P DE ,PHNOM-,P5H10 ,LE ,MONDE DIPLOMATIQUE1 ,APRIL1 #a#i#g4 ,O!R S\RCES 9DICATE ?AT ,SONGSAK WAS A MILLIONAIRE :O DID NOT NE$ TO RESORT TO PETTY !FT1 & ?AT ,SON ,NGOC ,?ANH IS ESS5TIALLY AN APOLITICAL OPPORTUNI/4 ,= EXAMPLE1 ! ,5GLI% J\RNALI/ ,MI*AEL ,FIELD SUGGE/S 9 HIS BOOK ,! ,PREVAIL+ ,W9D 7,ME?U51 #a#i#f#e7 ?AT ,?ANH GRAVITAT$ T[>D ! ,S\? ,VIETNAMESE & ! ,?AIS 7I4E41 ! ,AM]ICAN-SUPPORT$ RI<T-W+ DICTATOR%IPS7 ONLY :5 HE C\LD RECEIVE NO O!R SUPPORT 9 HIS EF=T TO OPPOSE ! F> MORE POPUL> ,SIHAN\K4 ,?OSE FAMILI> ) 9T]NAL ,CAMBODIAN POLITICS REG>D ! 9=MATION ?AT IS AVAILABLE TO ,WE/]N]S AS BE+ ( HI<LY UNC]TA9 QUALITY1 & ANY EF=T AT DETAIL$ 9T]PRETATION MU/ SURELY BE TAK5 ) CAUTION4 

.<#a#d.> ,LETT]1 ,NEW ,REPUBLIC1 ,M>* #b#h1 #a#i#g4 

.<#a#e.> ,ALLMAN1 ,F> ,EA/]N ,ECONOMIC ,REVIEW1 ,FEB4 #b#f1 #a#i#g4 

.<#a#f.> ,= 9NUM]ABLE EXAMPLES TAK5 FROM ! PRESS SEE ,9 ! ,NAME ( ,AM]ICA1 ,TURNPIKE ,PRESS1 #a#i#f#h4 ,CAPRICI\S T]ROR BOMB+ ( CIVILIANS HAS BE5 REPORT$ EV5 FROM S\RCES HI<LY SYMPA!TIC TO ! ,P5TAGON1 = MANY YE>S4 ,SEE1 = EXAMPLE1 ,RI*>D ,TREGASKIS1 ,VIETNAM ,DI>Y1 ,HOLT1 ,R9EH>T @& ,W9/ON1 #a#i#f#c4 

.<#a#g.> ,F> ,EA/]N ,ECONOMIC ,REVIEW1 0,ANATOMY ( A ,C\P10 ,APRIL #i1 #a#i#g1 AN EXCELL5T ANALYSIS ( ! IMM$IATE BACKGR\ND ( ! ,M>* #ah C\P4 ,A MORE F>-REA*+ ANALYSIS ( ! EV5TS LEAD+ UP TO ! C\P APPE>S 9 ! >TICLE BY ,DANIEL ,ROY CIT$ ABOVE4 ,!SE EV5TS >E PLAC$ 9 ! RELEVANT HI/ORICAL CONTEXT BY ,JEAN ,LAC\TURE1 0,OP]ATION-SUICIDE40 ,LE ,N\VEL ,OBS]VATEUR1 #b ,APRIL4 ,= ADDITIONAL BACKGR\ND1 SEE ! >TICLES BY ,MI*AEL ,LEIF] CIT$ ABOVE1 & ALSO ,ROG] ,M4 ,SMI?1 0,PR9CE ,NORODOM ,SIHAN\K10 ,ASIAN ,SURVEY1 ,JUNE1 #a#i#f#g1 & ! >TICLES ALREADY CIT$4 

.<#a#h.> ,SPEE* TO ! CLOS+ SESSION ( ! ,SUMMIT ,CONF]5CE ( ,9DO*9ESE ,PEOPLES1 :I* TOOK PLACE AT AN UNID5TIFI$ LOCATION 9 ,S\? ,*9A ON ,APRIL #b#e1 #a#i#g1 TRANSLAT$ & SLI<TLY %ORT5$ BY ,M>IA ,JOLAS4 ,I USE H] TRANSLATION1 & A FEW S5T5CES QUOT$ BY ,/ANLEY ,K>N[1 ,WA%+TON ,PO/2 ,MAY #a4 

.<#a#i.> ,F> ,EA/]N ,ECONOMIC ,REVIEW1 ,FEB4 #b#f4 

.<#b.> ,LAC\TURE1 OP4 CIT4 

.<#b#a.> ,LE ,MONDE DIPLOMATIQUE1 ,MAY1 #a#i#g4 

.<#b#b.> ,ONE ( ! VICE-PRESID5TS ( ! ,N,L,F IS A ,BUDDHI/ MONK ( ! ,CAMBODIAN M9ORITY1 :O JO9$ ! ,N,L,F AFT] A DE/RUCTIVE ,SAIGON ,>MY SWEEP ?R\< HIS PROV9CE 9 #a#i#f#a4 ,SEE ,GEORGE ,M4 ,KAH9 & ,JOHN ,W4 ,LEWIS1 ,! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES 9 ,VIETNAM1 ,DIAL ,PRESS1 #a#i#f#g4 

.<#b#c.> ,LAC\TURE1 OP4 CIT4 

.<#b#d.> ,F> ,EA/]N ,ECONOMIC ,REVIEW1 ,FEB4 #b#f4 

.<#b#e.> ,LAC\TURE1 OP4 CIT4 

.<#b#f.> ,*ESNEAUX1 OP4 CIT4 

.<#b#g.> ,AS HAS BE5 FREQU5TLY OBS]V$1 ?IS WAS PROBABLY ONE REASON :Y ,/AL9 DID NOT SUPPORT ! ,GREEK ,COMMUNI/ GU]RILLAS 9 ! #a#i#dS1 CONTR>Y TO ,AM]ICAN PROPAG&A CLAIMS :I* CONT9UE TO ?IS DAY4 

.<#b#h.> ,FIELD1 OP4 CIT4 

.<#b#i.> ,T4 ,D4 ,ALLMAN1 ,APRIL #b4 

.<#c.> ,F> ,EA/]N ,ECONOMIC ,REVIEW1 ,APRIL #i4 

.<#c#a.> ,ON ! ACTUAL *>ACT] ( 0,KHM] SOCIALISM10 SEE ,FIELD1 OP4 CIT4 ,SOME OBS]V]S SEE ! CONFLICT BETWE5 ! 0SOCIALI/S0 & ?OSE 9 FAVOR ( 0LIB]ALIZATION ( ! ECONOMY0 AS ESS5TIALLY A /RUGGLE BETWE5 ELEM5TS ( ! ,CAMBODIAN ELITE4 ,O!RS REG>D 0,KHM] SOCIALISM0 AS BE+ A /EP T[>D AN EGALIT>IAN & MOD]N SOCIETY1 )9 ! SPECIFIC CONTEXT ( ,CAMBODIAN HI/ORY & CULTURE4 ,I DO NOT HAVE 5\< 9=MATION TO ATTEMPT A JUDGM5T4 

.<#c#b.> ,CF4 ,ROY1 OP4 CIT41 = ?IS & O!R DETAILS4 ,AMONG ! CURR5T ,AM]ICAN ALLIES 9 ,CAMBODIA >E ALSO SEV]AL ?\S& 0SEMI-PIRATES1 SEMI-M]C5>IES0 ( ! ,KHM] M9ORITY 9 ,S\? ,VIETNAM1 ORGANIZ$ 9 ! 0,NATIONAL ,LIB]ATION ,FRONT ( ! ,KHM]S ( ,KAMPU*EA ,KHROM0 7,K4,K4,K474 ,!IR HI/ORY IS 9T]E/+4 ,!Y W]E 0=M$ UND] ! ,JAPANESE OCCUPATION1 !N M]C5>IES = ! ,FR5* DUR+ ! FIR/ ,9DO*9A W>1 & ( ! ,AM]ICANS DUR+ ! SECOND44440 ,! LEAD]1 ,KIM ,KE?1 =M]LY A ,FR5* P>A*UTI/1 EXPLA9$ ?AT !Y 0LIKE TO EAT ! FLE% ( ,VIETNAMESE1 P>TICUL>LY ! LIV]1 :I* IS ! BE/40 ,SEE ,POMONTI1 ,LE ,MONDE1 ,APRIL #b#e1 #a#i#g4 

.<#c#c.> ,JOHN ,L4 ,HESS1 ,NEW ,YORK ,TIMES1 ,M>* #a#c4 

.<#c#d.> ,*ESNEAUX1 OP4 CIT4 ,9 ! SAME ISSUE ( ,LE ,MONDE DIPLOMATIQUE ,FRANCOIS ,HONTI COMM5TS ?AT 0,IT IS N[ C]TA9 ?AT ?OSE :O TOOK IT UPON !MSELVES TO AB&ON .<,SIHAN\K'S POLICY ( NEUTRALISM.> RECEIV$ S]I\S 5C\RAGEM5T FROM ,AM]ICAN MILIT>Y CIRCLES HOPEFUL ( BE+ ABLE TO C\NT ON ,PHNOM ,P5H = A FRI5DLY GOV]NM5T & TO CUT (F ! ,VIET ,CONG & ,NOR? ,VIETNAMESE TROOPS FROM !IR ',CAMBODIAN SANCTU>Y4'444 ,ONE MI<T ASK :E!R ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES1 UNABLE TO W9 ! W> 9 ,VIETNAM1 IS MAK+ A WISE CALCULATION 9 5L>G+ ! FIELD ( BATTLE44440 

.<#c#e.> ,LAC\TURE1 OP4 CIT4 

.<#c#f.> ,LAC\TURE1 ,LE ,MONDE DIPLOMATIQUE1 ,MAY1 #a#i#g4 

.<#c#g.> ,LE ,MONDE ,WEEKLY ,SELECTION1 ,APRIL #b#b1 #a#i#g4 ,POMONTI IS ONE ( ! V]Y FEW CORRESPOND5TS TO HAVE REPORT$ 9 DEP? FROM ,CAMBODIA4 

.<#c#h.> ,IBID4 ,ASSUM+1 ?AT IS1 ?AT !Y >E ALIVE4 ,AFT] !IR DISAPPE>ANCE1 DUR+ ! G5]AL PURGE ( ! LEFT SEV]AL YE>S AGO1 !Y W]E RUMOR$ TO HAVE BE5 ASSASS9AT$4 ,REC5TLY1 ! ,CAMBODIAN & ,FR5* PRESS HAVE /AT$ ?AT !Y >E ALIVE & ) ! GU]RILLAS1 & ,I WAS GIV5 ! SAME 9=MATION 9 ,HANOI A FEW WEEKS AGO1 BUT ,I DO NOT KN[ H[ FIRM ! EVID5CE IS4 ,ADD$ 9 PRO(3 ! NEW GOV]NM5T HAS S9CE BE5 =M$ & ! ?REE >E LI/$ ) MAJOR M9I/]IAL PO/S 7NATIONAL DEF5SE1 9=MATION & PROPAG&A1 & 9T]IOR COMMUNAL RE=MS & COOP]ATIVES74 ,TILLMAN ,DURD91 ,NEW ,YORK ,TIMES1 ,MAY #f4 

.<#c#i.> ,LAC\TURE1 LE ,N\VEL ,OBS]VATEUR1 #b ,APRIL1 #a#i#g4 

.<#d.> ,NEW ,YORK ,TIMES1 ,MAY #c4 ,A =M] ,AM]ICAN TEA*] 9 ,CAMBODIA 9=MS ME ?AT SU* 0MOCK-M>TIAL GE/URES0 9VOLV+ /UD5TS W]E COMMON PRACTICE UND] ,SIHAN\K4 

.<#d#a.> ,F> ,EA/]N ,ECONOMIC ,REVIEW1 ,APRIL #i4 

.<#d#b.> ,CURR5T ,HI/ORY1 ,FEB41 #a#i#f#i4 

.<#d#c.> ,ROG] ,SMI?1 0,PR9CE ,NORODOM ,SIHAN\K10 ,ASIAN ,SURVEY1 ,JUNE1 #a#i#f#g4 

.<#d#d.> ,SEE ,LE ,MONDE1 ,APRIL #b#c4 

.<#d#e.> ,VICTORIA ,BRITTA91 0,CAMBODIA'S ,GRIM ,LESSON10 ,NEW ,/ATESMAN1 ,MAY #a1 #a#i#g4 

.<#d#f.> ,WA%+TON ,PO/1 ,APRIL #b#b4 

.<#d#g.> ,LE ,MONDE ,WEEKLY ,SELECTION1 ,APRIL #b#i4 

.<#d#h.> ,LE ,MONDE ,WEEKLY ,SELECTION1 ,MAY #f4 

.<#d#i.> ,WA%+TON ,PO/1 ,APRIL #b#d4 

.<#e.> 0,ACCORD+ TO WELL-9=M$ S\RCES !RE >E AB\T #b#d1 ,COMMUNI/ TROOPS 9 ,CAMBODIA OR ON ! BORD]40 7,IAN ,WRI<T1 ,LONDON ,GU>DIAN1 ,APRIL #b#g74 ,O!R E/IMATES GO AS HI< AS #e14 ,AS NOT$ E>LI]1 PRIOR TO ! C\P !Y REMA9$ 9 UN9HABIT$ >EAS4 ,WRI<T REPORTS ?AT ,AM]ICAN MILIT>Y S\RCES GIVE LITTLE CR$5CE TO ,CAMBODIAN >MY REPORTS ( ,V,C & ,N,V,A MILIT>Y ACTION4 ,ACTUALLY1 (FICIAL ,AM]ICAN GOV]NM5T /ATEM5TS >E ALMO/ WOR?LESS UNLESS SUBJECT TO 9DEP5D5T *ECK4 ,I %ALL RETURN TO ?IS MATT]1 9 CONNECTION ) ,LAOS1 9 A LAT] >TICLE4 

.<#e#a.> ,FIELD1 OP4 CIT4 

.<#e#b.> ,A FACT ?AT LEADS TO SOME WEIRD CONTORTIONS4 ,= EXAMPLE1 ,AMBASSADOR ,WILLIAM ,SULLIVAN1 N[ ,DEPUTY ,ASSI/ANT ,SECRET>Y ( ,/ATE = ,EA/ ,ASIAN & ,PACIFIC ,AFFAIRS1 MAKES ! ABSURD CLAIM ?AT ! ,TRUMAN ,DOCTR9E IS A 0P>S+0 ( ! ,U,N ,*>T] 7,SYM+TON ,SUBCOMMITTEE ,HE>+S74 

.<#e#c.> ,ACCORD+ TO ,P5TAGON S\RCES1 A]IAL BOMB>DM5T ( ,9DO*9A FROM #aife ?R\< #aifi REA*$ #d4#e MILLION TONS1 N9E TIMES ! TOTAL TONNAGE 9 ! 5TIRE ,PACIFIC !AT] 9 ,WORLD ,W> ,I,I4 ,?IS IS AB\T HALF ( ! TOTAL ORDNANCE EXP5D$4 

.<#e#d.> ,ROB]T ,G4 ,KAIS]1 ,WA%+TON ,PO/-,BO/ON ,GLOBE1 ,MAY #c4 

.<#e#e.> ,SEE ,F> ,EA/]N ,ECONOMIC ,REVIEW1 ,FEB4 #b#f1 #a#i#g4 

.<#e#f.> ,NEW ,YORK ,TIMES1 ,MAY #c4 

.<#e#g.> ,A,P1 ,BO/ON ,GLOBE1 ,MAY #d4 

.<#e#h.> ,C,B,S RADIO NEWS1 ,MAY #e4 ,!Y DID3 0,FRONT L9E REPORTS SAID ,AM]ICAN TANKS & AIRCRAFT /RIKES ?AT 9CLUD$ NAPALM DROPS AGA9/ ,COMMUNI/ DEF5D]S DE/ROY$ ! T[N ( ,SN\L 9SIDE ,CAMBODIA ON ,TUESDAY4 ,U,P,I CORRESPOND5T ,LEON ,DANIEL REPORT$ SOME ( ! ,G,IS LOOT$ GOODS FROM DES]T$ %OPS ,W$NESDAY AS !Y SWEPT ?R\< ! T[N ( #a1 9 ! HE>T ( RUBB] PLANTATION C\NTRY40 ,H5RY ,HUET REPORTS FROM ,SN\L ?AT IT WAS R$UC$ TO RUBBLE ) TANK GUNS & AIR ATTACKS ! DAY BE=E IT WAS ASSAULT$4 ,! ,FR5* MANAG] ( A RUBB] PLANTATION 9=M$ HIM ?AT BETWE5 FIFTY & SIXTY ,NOR? ,VIETNAMESE HAD DRIV5 (F A #e-MAN ,CAMBODIAN G>RISON ON ,APRIL #b#b4 ,!Y >M$ ! #af WORK]S1 #ie P]C5T ( :OM >E ,CAMBODIANS1 & TOOK !M ALONG AS !Y FL$ FROM ,U,S TANK & AIR ATTACKS4 0,!Y GAVE GUNS TO ! PEOPLE & N[ !Y >E FI<T+ ) ! ,VIET ,CONG10 ! PLANTATION MANAG] REPORTS4 ,BO/ON ,GLOBE1 ,MAY #g4 ,DANIEL REPORTS ?AT ! ONLY DEAD HE SAW W]E ,CAMBODIAN CIVILIANS1 9CLUD+ 0A LITTLE GIRL HORRIBLY MAIM$ BY :AT MU/ HAVE BE5 NAPALM40 ,! ,U,S ,>MY CLAIM$ TO HAVE KILL$ #hh ,COMMUNI/ TROOPS 9 ! >EA4 ,DANIEL D\BTS IT4 ,BO/ON ,GLOBE1 ,MAY #h1 #a#i#g4 

.<#e#i.> ,GLORIA ,EM]SON1 ,NEW ,YORK ,TIMES1 ,MAY #c4 

.<#f.> ,LOS ,ANGELES ,TIMES-,BO/ON ,GLOBE1 ,MAY #e4 

.<#f#a.> ,FUR!R EVID5CE ( MAJOR W> CRIMES1 AS H>DLY NE$ BE /RESS$4 ,!SE FACTS W]E BR\<T \T AT A PRESS CONF]5CE HELD 9 ,BO/ON1 ,MAY #g1 UND] ! AUSPICES ( ! ,NATIONAL ,COMMITTEE = A ,CITIZ5'S ,COMMISSION ( ,9QUIRY ON ,U,S ,W> ,CRIMES1 #aef ,FIF? ,AV5UE1 ,ROOM #a#e1 ,NEW ,YORK #a#a4 ,I MI<T ADD ?AT !Y DESP]ATELY NE$ FUNDS TO CONT9UE ! IMPORTANT WORK ( P]MITT+ =M] SOLDI]S1 MANY ( :OM >E EAG] TO COOP]ATE1 TO TE/IFY CONC]N+ !IR EXP]I5CES4 ,IT IS DIFFICULT TO OV]E/IMATE ! IMPORTANCE ( BR++ \T ?IS K9D ( 9=MATION AB\T ! NATURE ( ! W>4 

.<#f#b.> ,NEW ,YORK ,TIMES1 ,APRIL #a#i4 

.<#f#c.> ,P4 ,F4 ,LANG] & ,J4 ,J4 ,ZASL(F1 ,! ,NOR? ,VIETNAMESE & ! ,PA!T ,LAO1 ,R,M-#e#i#c#e1 ,SEPTEMB]1 #a#i#f#i4 ,!Y CLAIM1 H[EV]1 ?AT ! ,PA!T ,LAO C\LD NOT FUNCTION )\T ,NOR? ,VIETNAMESE CONTROL4 ,!IR EVID5CE1 & O!R EVID5CE ?AT IS AVAILABLE1 DOES NOT SEEM TO ME TO SUPPORT ?IS CONCLUSION4 

.<#f#d.> ,9 A LETT] TO ,! ,NEW ,YORK ,REVIEW1 ,FEB4 #b#f1 #a#i#g1 ,I NAIVELY ACCEPT$ ,SAMUEL ,HUNT+TON'S /ATEM5T ?AT ! ,C\NCIL IS PRIM>ILY CONC]N$ ) FUND-RAIS+ = S*OL>LY RESE>* ON ,VIETNAM4 ,HAV+ READ ! REPORT ( ?IS MEET+1 :I* IS CONC]N$ TO F9D A PROP] /RATEGY = 5SUR+ CONTROL AT ! NATIONAL LEVEL = 0\R SIDE10 GIV5 ! 9SI/5CE ( ! PUBLIC ON SCAL+ D[N ! ,U,S MILIT>Y ROLE1 ,I W\LD LIKE TO RETRACT MY ACQUIESC5CE4 

.<#f#e.> 0,S\? ,VIETNAM3 ,NEI!R ,W> NOR ,PEACE40 ,ASIAN ,SURVEY1 ,FEBRU>Y1 #a#i#g4 

.<#f#f.> ,APRIL #i1 #a#i#g4 

.<#f#g.> ,ON ! ,AM]ICAN ROLE 9 CREAT+ GU]RILLA ACTIVITY 9 ,?AIL&1 SEE SOME 9T]E/+ COMM5TS BY ,GEORGE ,KAH9 9 ,NO ,MORE ,VIETNAMS81 ,H>P]1 #aifh 7,PFEFF]1 $471 ) ! ASS5T ( ,*E/] ,COOP] ( ! ,/ATE ,DEP>TM5T4 

.<#f#h.> 0,AFT] ,P9KVILLE10 ,NEW ,YORK ,REVIEW1 ,JAN4 ,I1 #a#i#g4 ,SEE ! REF]5CES !RE = MU* MORE EXT5SIVE DISCUSSION4 

.<#f#i.> 0,\R ILLUSORY AFFAIR ) ,JAPAN10 ,NATION1 ,M>* #a#a1 #a#i#f#h4 

.<#g.> ,A SIMIL> ANALYSIS HAS BE5 DEVELOP$ BY O!RS S9CE4 ,SEE ! REF]5CES 9 0,AFT] ,P9KVILLE02 ALSO1 ,PET] ,WILEY4 0,VIETNAM & ! ,PACIFIC ,RIM ,/RATEGY10 ,LEVIA?AN1 ,JUNE1 #a#i#f#i4 

.<#g#a.> ,NEW ,YORK ,TIMES1 ,MAY #e4 

,FROM 3 ,!,AN>*I/,LIBR>Y4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,JANU>Y #c1 #bba 3 ,CAMBODIA -- ,ADD$4 
,JANU>Y #d1 #bbb 3 ,CAMBODIA -- ,UPDAT$4 

 FILE G5]AT$ FROM 3  
HTTP3_/_/REVOLTLIB4COM_/