,*>ACT]I/IC ,!SES ( ! ,P>TY ,PEOPLE 3 ,AU?OR 3 ,AMADEO ,BORDIGA ,TEXT 3 ,PRODUC$3 AT A ,P>TY MEET+ HELD 9 ,FLOR5CE1 #h-#i ,DECEMB]1 #a#i#e#a2 ,I4 ,!ORY ,! DOCTR9E ( ! ,P>TY IS F\ND$ ON ! PR9CIPLES ( ! HI/ORICAL MAT]IALISM ( ! CRITICAL COMMUNISM SET \T BY ,M>X & ,5GELS 9 ! ,COMMUNI/ ,MANIFE/O1 9 ,CAPITAL & !IR O!R FUNDAM5TAL WORKS & :I* =M$ ! BASIS ( ! ,COMMUNI/ ,9T]NATIONAL CON/ITUT$ 9 #aiai & ( ! ,ITALIAN ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY F\ND$ AT ,LEIAT & ! RUL+ B\RGEOISIE4 #b4 ,! PRES5T PRODUCTION RELATIONS >E PROTECT$ BY ! B\RGEOIS ,/ATE4 ,EV5 :5 DEMOCRATIC ELECTIONS >E US$ & :ATEV] ! =M ( ! REPRES5TATIVE SY/EM MAY BE1 IT IS ALWAYS ! EXCLUSIVE ORGAN ( ! CAPITALI/ CLASS4 #c4 ,! PROLET>IAT CANNOT CRU% OR MODIFY ! ME*ANISM ( CAPITALI/ PRODUCTION RELATIONS1 S\RCE ( ITS EXPLOITATION1 )\T WRECK+ B\RGEOIS P[] ?R\< VIOL5CE4 #d4 ,! CLASS ,P>TY IS ! 9DISP5SABLE ORGAN = ! PROLET>IAN REVOLUTION>Y /RUGGLE4 ,! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY CONSI/S ( ! MO/ ADVANC$ & RESOLUTE P>T ( ! PROLET>IAT1 UNITES ! EF=TS ( ! WORK+ MASSES TRANS=M+ !IR /RUGGLES = GR\P 9T]E/S & CONT+5T ISSUES 9TO ! G5]AL /RUGGLE = ! REVOLUTION>Y EMANCIPATION ( ! PROLET>IAT4 ,PROPAGAT+ ! REVOLUTION>Y !ORY AMONG ! MASSES1 ORGANIZ+ ! MAT]IAL MEANS ( ACTION1 LEAD+ ! WORK+ CLASS ALL ALONG ITS /RUGGLE1 BY SECUR+ ! HI/ORICAL CONT9UITY & ! 9T]NATIONAL UNITY ( ! MOVEM5T1 >E DUTIES ( ! ,P>TY4 #e4 ,AFT] IT HAS KNOCK$ D[N ! P[] ( ! CAPITALI/ ,/ATE1 ! PROLET>IAT MU/ COMPLETELY DE/ROY ! OLD ,/ATE APP>ATUS 9 ORD] TO ORGANIZE ITSELF AS A RUL+ CLASS & SET UP ITS [N DICTATOR%IP4 ,IT WILL D5Y ALL FUNCTIONS & POLITICAL RITY SETS ITSELF & :I* IS *>ACT]I/IC ( IT4 ,IT IS ! ,P>TY ALONE :I* !RE=E REPRES5TS1 ORGANIZES & DIRECTS ! PROLET>IAN DICTATOR%IP4 ,! NECESS>Y DEF5SE ( ! PROLET>IAN ,/ATE AGA9/ ALL C\NT]-REVOLUTION>Y ATTEMPTS CAN ONLY BE SECUR$ BY TAK+ FROM ! B\RGEOISIE & FROM ALL ! P>TIES1 5EMIES ( PROLET>IAN DICTATOR%IP1 ANY MEANS ( AGITATION & POLITICAL PROPAG&A1 & BY ! PROLET>IAT'S >M$ ORGANIZATION1 ABLE TO REPULSE ALL 9T]NAL & EXT]NAL ATTACKS4 #f4 ,ONLY ! =CE ( ! PROLET>IAN ,/ATE WILL BE ABLE TO PUT SY/EMATICALLY 9TO EFFECT ! NECESS>Y MEASURES = 9T]V5+ 9 ! RELATIONS ( ! SOCIAL ECONOMY1 BY MEANS ( :I* ! COLLECTIVE MANAGEM5T ( PRODUCTION & DI/RIBUTION WILL TAKE ! PLACE ( ! CAPITALI/ SY/EM4 #g4 ,?IS TRANS=MATION ( ! ECONOMY & CONSEQU5TLY ( ! :OLE SOCIAL LIFE WILL LEAD TO ! GRADUAL ELIM9ATION ( ! NECESSITY = ! POLITICAL ,/ATE :I* WILL PROGRESSIVELY BECOME AN APP>ATUS = ! RATIONAL ADM9I/RATION ( HUMAN ACTIVITIES4 ,9 ! FACE ( ! CAPITALI/ WORLD & ! WORK]S' MOVEM5T FOLL[+ ! SECOND ,WORLD ,W> ! POSITION ( ! ,P>TY IS F\ND$ ON ! FOLL[+ PO9TS3 #h4 ,9 ! C\RSE ( ! FIR/ HALF ( ! TW5TIE? C5TURY ! CAPITALI/ SOCIAL SY/EM HAS BE5 DEVELOP+1 9 ! ECONOMIC FIELD1 BY CREAT+ MONOPOLI/IC TRU/S AMONG ! EMPLOY]S1 & BY TRY+ TO CONTROL & TO MANAGE PRODUCTION & EX*ANGES ACCORD+ TO CONTROL PLANS ) ,/ATE MANAGEM5T ( :OLE SECTORS ( PRODUCTION4 ,9 ! POLITICAL FIELD1 !RE HAS BE5 AN 9CREASE ( ! POLICE & >MY POT5TIAL ( ! ,/ATE1 ALL GOV]NM5TS ADOPT+ A MORE TOTALIT>IAN =M4 ,ALL !SE >E NEI!R NEW SORTS ( SOCIAL ORGANIZATIONS AS A TRANSITION FROM CAPITALISM TO SOCIALISM1 NOR REVIVALS ( PRE-B\RGEOIS POLITICAL REGIMES4 ,ON ! CONTR>Y1 !Y >E DEF9ITE =MS ( A MORE & MORE DIRECT & EXCLUSIVE MANAGEM5T ( P[] & ,/ATE BY ! MO/ DEVELOP$ =CES ( CAPITAL4 ,?IS C\RSE EXCLUDES ! PROGRESSIVE1 PACIFI/ & EVOLUTIONI/ 9T]PRETATIONS ( ! BECOM+ ( ! B\RGEOIS REGIME1 & CONFIRMS ! PREVISION ( ! CONC5TRATION & ( ! ANTAGONI/IC >RAY+ ( ! CLASS =CES4 ,! PROLET>IAT 9 ORD] TO CONFRONT ITS 5EMIES' GR[+ POT5TIAL ) /R5G!N$ REVOLUTION>Y 5]GY1 MU/ REPEL ! ILLUSORY REVIVAL ( DEMOCRATIC LIB]ALISM & CON/ITUTIONAL GU>ANTEES4 ,! ,P>TY MU/ NOT EV5 ACCEPT ?IS AS A MEANS ( AGITATION3 IT MU/ HI/ORICALLY GET RID ONCE & = ALL1 ( ! PRACTICE ( ALLIANCES1 EV5 = TRANSITORY ISSUES1 ) ! MIDDLE CLASS AS WELL AS ) ! PSEUDO-PROLET>IAN & RE=MI/ P>TIES4 #i4 ,! WORLD IMP]IALI/IC W>S %[ ?AT ! CRISIS ( DISAGGREGATION ( CAPITALISM IS 9EVITABLE AS IT HAS 5T]$ ! PHASE :5 ITS EXPANSION1 9/EAD ( SIGNIFY+ A CONT9UAL 9CREM5T ( ! PRODUCTIVE =CES1 IS CONDITION$ BY REPEAT$ & EV]-GR[+ DE/RUCTIONS4 ,!SE W>S HAVE CAUS$ REPEAT$ DEEP CRISES 9 ! WORK]S' WORLD ORGANIZATION BECAUSE ! DOM9ANT CLASSES C\LD IMPOSE ON !M MILIT>Y & NATIONAL SOLID>ITY ) ONE OR ANO!R ( ! BELLIG]5TS4 ,! ONLY HI/ORICAL ALT]NATIVE TO BE SET AGA9/ SU* A SITUATION IS ! AWAK5+ ( ! 9T]NAL CLASS /RUGGLE1 UNTIL ! CIVIL W> ( ! WORK+ MASSES TO OV]?R[ ! P[] ( ALL B\RGEOIS /ATES & ( WORLD COALITIONS1 ) ! RECON/ITUTION ( ! ,9T]NATIONAL ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY AS AN AUTONOM\S =CE1 9DEP5D5T ( ANY ORGANIZ$ POLITICAL OR MILIT>Y P[]4 #a4 ,! PROLET>IAN ,/ATE1 BE+ ITS APP>ATUS AN 9/RUM5T & A WEAPON = ! /RUGGLE 9 A TRANSITION HI/ORICAL P]IOD1 DOES NOT DRAW ITS =CE FROM CON/ITUTIONAL CANONS & REPRES5TATIVE SY/EMS4 ,! MO/ COMPLETE HI/ORICAL EXAMPLE ( SU* A ,/ATE IS UP TO ! PRES5T ?AT ( ! ,SOVIETS 7WORK]S' C\NCILS7 :I* W]E CREAT$ DUR+ ! ,OCTOB] #aiag ,RUSSIAN REVOLUTION1 :5 ! WORK+ CLASS >M$ ITSELF UND] ! LEAD]%IP ( ! ,BOL%EVIK ,P>TY ALONE2 DUR+ ! TOTALIT>IAN SEIZURE ( P[]1 ! WIP+ \T ( ! ,CON/ITU5T ,ASSEMBLY1 ! /RUGGLE TO REPULSE ! EXT]NAL ATTACKS ( B\RGEOIS GOV]NM5TS & TO CRU% ! 9T]NAL REBELLION ( DEFEAT$ CLASSES1 ( MIDDLE & PETTY-B\RGEOIS /RATA & ( OPPORTUNI/ P>TIES1 9EVITABLE ALLIES ( ! C\NT]-REVOLUTION AT ! DECISIVE MOM5T4 #a#a4 ,! 9TEGRAL REALIZATION ( SOCIALISM )9 ! LIMITS ( ONE C\NTRY IS 9CONCEIVABLE & ! SOCIALI/ TRANS=MATION CANNOT BE C>RI$ \T )\T 9SUCCESS & MOM5T>Y SET-BACKS4 ,! DEF5SE ( ! PROLET>IAN REGIME AGA9/ ! EV]-PRES5T DANG]S ( DEG5]ATION IS POSSIBLE ONLY IF ! PROLET>IAN ,/ATE IS ALWAYS SOLID>Y ) ! 9T]NATIONAL /RUGGLE ( ! WORK+ CLASS ( EA* C\NTRY AGA9/ ITS [N B\RGEOISIE1 ITS ,/ATE & ITS >MY2 ?IS /RUGGLE P]MITS ( NO RESPITE EV5 9 W>TIME4 ,?IS CO-ORD9ATION CAN ONLY BE SECUR$ IF ! WORLD COMMUNI/ ,P>TY CONTROLS ! POLITICS & PROGRAM ( ! ,/ATES :]E ! WORK+ CLASS HAS VANQUI%$4 ,I,I4 ,TASKS ( ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY #a4 ,! PROLET>IAT CAN ONLY FREE ITSELF FROM ! CAPITALI/ EXPLOITATION IF IT FIY POLITICAL ORGAN3 ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY4 #b4 ,! *IEF ASPECT ( ! POLITICAL /RUGGLE 9 ! ,M>XI/ S5SE IS ! CIVIL W> & ! >M$ UPRIS+ BY :I* A CLASS OV]?R[S ! P[] ( ! OPPOS$ DOM9ANT CLASS & SETS UP ITS [N P[]4 ,SU* A /RUGGLE CAN ONLY SUCCE$ IF IT IS L$ BY ! ,P>TY ORGANIZATION4 #c4 ,NEI!R ! /RUGGLE AGA9/ ! P[] ( ! EXPLOIT+ CLASS NOR ! SUCCESSIVE UPROOT+ ( ! CAPITALI/ ECONOMIC /RUCTURES CAN BE A*IEV$ )\T ! POLITICAL REVOLUTION>Y P>TY3 ! PROLET>IAN DICTATOR%IP IS 9DISP5SABLE ALL ALONG ! HI/ORICAL P]IOD :]E SU* TREM5D\S *ANGES WILL TAKE PLACE & WILL BE EX]CIS$ OP5LY BY ! ,P>TY4 #d4 ,! ,P>TY DEF5DS & PROPAGATES ! !ORY ( ! MOVEM5T = ! SOCIALI/ REVOLUTION2 IT DEF5DS & /R5G!NS ITS 9N] ORGANIZATION BY PROPAGAT+ ! COMMUNI/ !ORY & PROGRAM & BY BE+ CON/ANTLY ACTIVE 9 ! RANK ( ! PROLET>IAT :]EV] ! LATT] IS =C$ TO FIE ITS TASKS BE=E1 DUR+ & AFT] ! /RUGGLE ( ! >M$ PROLET>IAT = /ATE P[]4 #e4 ,! ,P>TY IS NOT MADE UP ( ALL MEMB]S ( ! PROLET>IAT OR EV5 ( ITS MAJORITY4 ,IT IS ! ORGANIZATION ( ! M9ORITY :I* HAS1 COLLECTIVELY1 REA*$ & MA/]$ REVOLUTION>Y TACTICS 9 !ORY & 9 PRACTICE2 9 O!R WORDS1 :I* SEES CLE>LY ! G5]AL OBJECTIVES ( ! HI/ORIC MOVEM5T ( ! PROLET>IAT 9 ! :OLE WORLD & = ! :OLE ( ! HI/ORICAL C\RSE :I* SEP>ATES ! P]IOD ( ITS =MATION FROM ?AT ( ITS F9AL VICTORY4 ,! ,P>TY IS NOT =M$ ON ! BASIS ( 9DIVIDUAL CONSCI\SNESS2 IT IS NOT POSSIBLE = EA* WORK] TO BECOME CONSCI\S & /ILL LESS TO MA/] ! CLASS DOCTR9E 9 A CULTURAL WAY1 NEI!R IS ?IS POSSIBLE = EA* MILITANT NOR EV5 = ! LEAD]S ( ! ,P>TY AS 9DIVIDUALS4 ,?IS CONSCI\SNESS LIES 9 ! ORGANIC UNITY ( ! ,P>TY4 ,ANY CONCEPTION :I* MAKES ! PROGRESS ( REVOLUTION>Y EMANCIPATION ( ! WORK+ CLASS D]IVE FROM 9DIVIDUAL ACTS OR ON ! CONTR>Y FROM MASS ACTION )\T A P>TY FRAMEWORK MU/ !RE=E BE REJECT$4 ,9 ! SAME WAY WE MU/ REJECT ANY CONCEPTION ( ! P>TY AS A GR\P ( 5LIS OR CONSCI\S 9DIVIDUALS4 ,ON ! CONTR>Y1 ! ,P>TY IS ! ORGANIC TISSUE :OSE FUNCTION 9SIDE ! WORK+ CLASS IS TO C>RY \T ITS REVOLUTION>Y TASK 9 ALL ITS ASPECTS & 9 ITS SUCCESSIVE PHASES4 #f4 ,M>XISM HAS ALWAYS 5]GETICALLY REJECT$ ! !ORY :I* PROPOSES TO ! PROLET>IAT ONLY TRADE1 9DU/RIAL OR FACTORY ASSOCIATIONS1 !ORY :I* CONSID]S ?AT !SE ASSOCIATIONS CAN1 BY !MSELVES1 LEAD ! CLASS /RUGGLE TO ITS HI/ORICAL 5D3 ! CONQUE/ ( P[] & ! TRANS=MATION ( SOCIETY4 ,9CAPABLE ( FAC+ ! IMM5SE TASK ( ! SOCIAL REVOLUTION ON ITS [N1 ! UNION IS H[EV] 9DISP5SABLE TO MOBILIZE ! PROLET>IAT ON A POLITICAL & REVOLUTION>Y LEVEL4 ,?IS H[EV] IS POSSIBLE ONLY IF ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY IS PRES5T & ITS 9FLU5CE 9SIDE ! UNION GR[S4 ,! P>TY CAN ONLY WORK 9SIDE 5TIRELY PROLET>IAN UNIONS :]E MEMB]%IP IS VOLUNT>Y & :]E NO GIV5 POLITICAL1 RELIGI\S OR SOCIAL OP9IONS >E =C$ ON MEMB]S4 ,?IS IS NOT ! CASE ) CONFESSIONAL UNIONS1 ) ?OSE :]E MEMB]%IP IS COMPULSORY & ) ?OSE :I* HAVE BECOME AN 9TEGRANT P>T ( ! ,/ATE SY/EM4 ,! ,P>TY WILL NEV] SET UP ECONOMIC ASSOCIATIONS :I* EXCLUDE ?OSE WORK]S :O DO NOT ACCEPT ITS PR9CIPLES & LEAD]%IP4 ,BUT ! ,P>TY RECOGNIZES )\T ANY RES]VE ?AT NOT ONLY ! SITUATION :I* PREC$ES 9SURRECTIONAL /RUGGLE BUT ALSO ALL PHASES ( SUB/ANTIAL GR[? ( ,P>TY 9FLU5CE AMONG ! MASSES CANNOT >ISE )\T ! EXPANSION BETWE5 ! ,P>TY & ! WORK+ CLASS ( A S]IES ( ORGANIZATIONS ) %ORT T]M ECONOMIC OBJECTIVES ) A L>GE NUMB] ( P>TICIPANTS4 ,)9 SU* ORGANIZATIONS ! P>TY WILL SET A NETWORK ( COMMUNI/ CELLS & GR\PS1 AS WELL AS A COMMUNI/ FRACTION 9 ! UNION4 #g4,9 P]IODS :5 ! WORK+ CLASS IS PASSIVE1 ! ,P>TY MU/ ANTICIPATE ! =MS & PROMOTE ! CON/ITUTION ( ORGANIZATIONS ) IMM$IATE ECONOMIC AIMS4 ,!SE MAY BE UNIONS GR\P$ ACCORD+ TO TRADE1 9DU/RY1 FACTORY COMMITTEES OR ANY O!R KN[N GR\P+ OR EV5 QUITE NEW ORGANIZATIONS4 ,! ,P>TY ALWAYS 5C\RAGES ORGANIZATIONS :I* FAVOR ,CONTACT BETWE5 WORK]S AT DIFF]5T LOCALITIES & DIFF]5T TRADES & !IR COMMON ACTION4 ,IT REJECTS ALL =MS ( CLOS$ ORGANIZATIONS4 #h4 ,9 ANY ,SITUATION1 ! ,P>TY REFUSES AT ! SAME TIME ! IDEALI/ & UTOPI/ \TLOOK :I* MAKES SOCIAL TRANS=MATION DEP5D5T ON A CIRCLE ( 0ELECT$0 APO/LES & H]OES2 ! LIB]T>IAN \TLOOK :I* MAKES IT DEP5D5T ON ! REVOLT ( 9DIVIDUALS OR UNORGANIZ$ MASSES2 ! TRADE UNION OR ECONOMI/S' \TLOOK :I* 5TRU/S IT TO APOLITICAL ORGANIZATIONS1 :E!R !Y PREA* ! USE ( VIOL5CE OR NOT2 ! VOLUNT]I/IC & SECT>IAN \TLOOK :I* DOES NOT RECOGNIZE ?AT CLASS REBELLION RISES \T ( A S]IES ( COLLECTIVE ACTIONS WELL PRIOR TO A CLE> !ORETICAL CONSCI\SNESS & EV5 TO RESOLUTE WILL ACTION1 & :I*1 AS A RESULT1 RECOMM5DS ! =M+ ( A SMALL 0ELITE0 ISOLAT$ FROM WORK+ CLASS TRADE UNIONS OR1 :I* COMES TO ! SAME1 LEAN+ ON TRADE UNIONS :I* EXCLUDE NON COMMUNI/S4 ,?IS LA/ MI/AKE1 :I* HAS HI/ORICALLY *>ACT]IZ$ ! ,G]MAN ,K4,A4,P4,D4 & ,DUT* ,TRIBUNI/S .<,! MEMB]S ( ,KOMMUNI/IS*E ,>BEIT]P>TEI ,DEUTS*L&S 7,K,A,P,D7 9 ,G]MANY & ( ! ,DUT* GR\P ( 0,TRIBUNE0 REVIEW1 LEAD BY ,GORT] & ,PANNEKOEK1 ?AT DEF9ITELY AB&ON$ ! ,C4,I4 9 #a#i#b#a4.>1 HAS ALWAYS BE5 F\XI/ ,ITALIAN ,LEFT4 ,! DIFF]5CES = REASONS ( /RATEGY & TACTICS :I* L$ \R CURR5T TO BREAK AWAY FROM ! ,I,I,IRD ,9T]NATIONAL CANNOT BE DISCUSS$ )\T REF]5CE TO ! DIFF]5T HI/ORICAL PHASES ( ! PROLET>IAN MOVEM5T4 ,I,I,I4 ,HI/ORICAL ,WAVES ( ,OPPORTUNI/ ,DEG5]ATION #a4 ,IT IS IMPOSSIBLE1 UNLESS WE WANT TO GIVE WAY TO IDEALISM OR TO MY/ICAL1 E?ICAL OR ES!TICAL CONSID]ATIONS :I* >E 9 COMPLETE OPPOSITION TO ,M>XISM1 TO ASS]T ?AT 9 ALL HI/ORICAL PHASES ( ! PROLET>IAN MOVEM5T ! SAME 9TRANSIG5CE IS NECESS>Y1 ?AT ANY ALLIANCE1 ANY UNIT$ FRONT1 ALL COMPROMISE IS TO BE REFUS$ ON PR9CIPLE4 ,QUITE ON ! CONTR>Y1 IT IS ONLY ON A HI/ORICAL BASIS ?AT QUE/IONS ( CLASS & P>TY /RATEGY & TACTICS CAN BE SOLV$4 ,= ?IS REASON1 IT IS ! DEVELOPM5T ( ! PROLET>IAN CLASS ?R\<\T ! WORLD BETWE5 ! B\RGEOIS & ! SOCIALI/ REVOLUTIONS :I* MU/ BE CONSID]$1 & NOT P>TICUL>ITIES ( TIME & PLACE ?AT N\RI% CASUI/ICAL POLITICS & :I* LEAVE PRACTICAL QUE/IONS TO ! :IM ( GR\PS OR /E]+ COMMITTEES4 #b4 ,! PROLET>IAT ITSELF IS ABOVE ALL ! PRODUCT ( CAPITALI/ ECONOMY & 9DU/RIALIZATION2 LIKE COMMUNISM IT CANNOT BE BORN ( ! 9SPIRATION ( 9DIVIDUALS1 BRO!RHOODS OR POLITICAL CLUBS1 BUT ONLY ( ! /RUGGLE ( ! PROLET>IANS !MSELVES4 ,9 ! SAME WAY1 ! IRREVOCABLE VICTORY ( CAPITALISM OV] ?OSE =MS :I* HAVE PREC$$ IT HI/ORICALLY1 ?AT IS ! VICTORY ( ! B\RGEOISIE OV] ! FEUDAL & L&-[N+ >I/OCRACY & OV] ! O!R CLASSES *>ACT]I/IC ( ! OLD REGIME1 BE IT ,ASIATIC OR ,EUROPEAN OR ( O!R CONT95TS1 IS A CONDITION = COMMUNISM4 ,AT ! TIME ( ! ,COMMUNI/ ,MANIFE/O1 MOD]N 9DU/RIAL DEVELOPM5T WAS /ILL AT ITS BEG9N+S & PRES5T ONLY 9 A V]Y FEW C\NTRIES4 ,9 ORD] TO SPE$ UP ! EXPLOSION ( MOD]N CLASS /RUGGLE1 ! PROLET>IAT HAD TO BE 5C\RAG$ TO /RUGGLE1 >M$1 AT ! SIDES ( ! REVOLUTION>Y B\RGEOISIES DUR+ ! ANTIFEUDAL 9SURRECTIONS OR ?OSE ( NATIONAL LIB]ATION4 ,9 ?IS WAY ! WORK]S' P>TICIPATION 9 ! GREAT ,FR5* REVOLUTION & ITS DEF5SE AGA9/ ! ,EUROPEAN COALITIONS RIT ( ! HI/ORY ( ! WORK]S' /RUGGLE & ?IS 9 SPITE ( ! FACT ?AT FROM ! V]Y BEG9N+ ! B\RGEOIS DICTATOR%IP F]OCI\SLY QUELL$ ! FIR/ COMMUNI/ 9SPIR$ SOCIAL /RUGGLES4 ,BECAUSE ( ! DEFEAT ( ! B\RGEOIS REVOLUTIONS ( #a#h#d#h1 ?IS /RATEGY ( ALLIANCE BETWE5 PROLET>IAT & B\RGEOISIE AGA9/ ! CLASSES ( ! OLD REGIME VALID1 9 ! EYES ( ,M>XI/S1 UNTIL #a#h#g#a1 9 VIEW ( ! FACT ?AT ?IS FEUDAL REGIME /ILL P]SI/S 9 ,RUSSIA1 9 ,AU/RIA & 9 ,G]MANY & ?AT ! NATIONAL UNITY ( ,ITALY1 ,G]MANY & ! EA/ ,EUROPEAN C\NTRIES IS A NECESS>Y CONDITION ( ,EUROPE'S 9DU/RIAL DEVELOPM5T4 #c4 #ahga IS A CLE> TURN+-PO9T 9 HI/ORY4 ,! /RUGGLE AGA9/ ,NAPOLEON ,I,I,I & HIS DICTATOR%IP IS 9 FACT DIRECT$ AGA9/ A CAPITALI/IC & NOT A FEUDAL =M2 IT IS AT ! SAME TIME ! PRODUCT & PRO( ( ! MOBILIZATION ( ! TWO FUNDAM5TAL & 5EMY CLASSES ( MOD]N SOCIETY4 ,AL?\< IT SEES 9 ,NAPOLEON AN OB/ACLE TO ! B\RGEOIS DEVELOPM5T ( ,G]MANY1 REVOLUTION>Y ,M>XISM GOES IMM$IATELY ON ! SIDE ( ! ANTI-B\RGEOIS /RUGGLE :I* WILL BE ?AT ( ALL P>TIES ( ! ,COMMUNE1 FIR/ WORK]S' DICTATOR%IP 9 HI/ORY4 ,AFT] ?IS DATE1 ! PROLET>IAT CAN NO LONG] *OOSE BETWE5 CONT5D+ P>TIES OR NATIONAL >MIES 9 SO F> AS ANY RE/ORATION ( PRE-B\RGEOIS =MS HAS BECOME SOCIALLY IMPOSSIBLE 9 TWO BIG >EAS3 ,EUROPE TO ! CONF9ES ( ! ,OTTOMAN & CZ>I/ EMPIRES ON ! ONE H&1 & ,5GL& & ,NOR? ,AM]ICA ON ! O!R4 ,A4 ,OPPORTUNISM AT ! 5D ( ! #a#i? ,C5TURY #d4 ,IF WE DISREG>D ,BAK\N9ISM DUR+ ! FIR/1 ,9T]NATIONAL & ,SORELISM DUR+ ! SECOND1 AS !Y HAVE NO?+ TO DO ) ,M>XISM1 ! SOCIAL-DEMOCRATIC REVISIONISM REPRES5TS ! FIR/ OPPORTUNI/ WAVE )9 ! PROLET>IAN ,M>XI/ MOVEM5T4 ,ITS VISION WAS ! FOLL[+3 ONCE VICTORY BY ! B\RGEOISIE OV] ! OLD REGIME WAS UNIV]SALLY SECUR$1 A HI/ORICAL PHASE )\T 9SURRECTIONS & )\T W>S OP5S UP BE=E HUMANITY2 SOCIALISM BECOMES POSSIBLE BY GRADUAL EVOLUTION & )\T VIOL5CE1 ON ! BASIS ( ! EXT5SION ( MOD]N 9DU/RY & DUE TO ! NUM]ICAL 9CREASE ( WORK]S >M$ ) UNIV]SAL SUFFRAGE4 ,9 ?IS WAY IT WAS TRI$ 7,B]N/E97 TO EMPTY ,M>XISM ( ITS REVOLUTION>Y CONT5TS1 PRET5D+ ?AT ITS REBELLI\S SPIRIT WAS 9H]IT$ FROM ! REVOLUTION>Y B\RGEOISIE & NOT BELONG+ TO ! PROLET>IAN CLASS 9 ITSELF4 ,AT ?IS TIME1 ! TACTICAL QUE/ION ( ALLIANCE BETWE5 ADVANC$ B\RGEOIS P>TIES & ! PROLET>IAN P>TY TAKES ON A DIFF]5T ASPECT TO ?AT ( ! PREC$+ PHASE2 IT IS NO LONG] A QUE/ION ( HELP+ CAPITALISM TO W91 BUT TO MAKE SOCIALISM D]IVE FROM IT ) ! HELP ( LAWS & RE=M1 NO LONG] TO FIRICADES ( ! T[NS & 9 ! C\NTRY AGA9/ M5ACES ( RE/ORATION2 BUT ONLY TO VOTE TOGE!R 9 P>LIAM5T>Y ASSEMBLIES4 ,?AT IS :Y ! PROPOSAL ( ALLIANCES & COALITION & EV5 ! ACCEPTANCE ( M9I/]IAL PO/S BY WORK]S' REPRES5TATIVES IS FROM !N ON A DEVIATION FROM ! REVOLUTION>Y PA?4 ,?AT IS ALSO :Y RADICAL ,M>XI/S REPROVE ALL ELECTORAL COALITION4 ,B4 ,OPPORTUNISM 9 #aiad #e4 ,! SECOND TREM5D\S OPPORTUNI/ WAVE HITS ! PROLET>IAN MOVEM5T :5 W> BREAKS \T 9 #a#i#a#d4 ,MO/ ( ! P>LIAM5T>Y & TRADE-UNION LEAD]S AS WELL AS /RONG MILITANT GR\PS1 & 9 SOME C\NTRIES :OLE P>TIES PRES5T ! CONFLICT BETWE5 NATIONAL ,/ATES AS A /RUGGLE :I* MIITY ) ! NATIONAL ,/ATE AT W>1 ! RESULT ( :I* IS AN ALLIANCE BETWE5 ,CZ>I/ ,RUSSIA & ! ADVANC$ B\RGEOISIES ( ,FRANCE & ,5GL&4 ,! MAJORITY ( ! ,SECOND ,9T]NATIONAL !RE=E FALLS 9TO ! W> OPPORTUNISM FROM :I* V]Y FEW P>TIES1 ONE ( :I* IS ! ,ITALIAN SOCIALI/ P>TY1 ESCAPE4 ,WORSE1 ONLY ADVANC$ GR\PS & FRACTIONS ACCEPT ! POSITION ( ,L59 :O1 HAV+ DEF9$ ! W> AS BE+ A PRODUCT ( CAPITALISM & NOT A CONFLICT BETWE5 ! LATT] & LESS ADVANC$ POLITICO-SOCIAL =MS1 DRAWS ! CONCLUSION ?AT ! 0HOLY UNION0 MU/ BE CONDEMN$ & ?AT ! PROLET>IAN P>TY %\LD PRACTICE A DEFEATI/ REVOLUTION>Y POLICY )9 EA* C\NTRY AGA9/ ! BELLIG]5T ,/ATE & >MY4 #f4 ,! ,?IRD ,9T]NATIONAL RISES ON SU* HI/ORICAL POSITION1 AGA9/ BO? SOCIAL DEMOCRATISM & SOCIAL-PATRIOTISM4 ,9 ! ,COMMUNI/ ,9T]NATIONAL1 NOT ONLY >E NO ALLIANCES CONCLUD$ ) O!R P>TIES = P>LIAM5T>Y P[]1 NOT ONLY IS IT D5I$ ?AT P[] MAY BE ASSUM$ BY LEGAL MEANS1 EV5 IF 9 AN 09TRANSIG5T0 WAY .<,H]E IS REF]R$ TO ! 09TRANSIG5CE0 DISPLAY$ BY ! ,ITALIAN ,SOCIALI/ ,P>TY ?AT ONLY CONSI/$ 9 REFUS+ A P>LIAM5T>Y SUPPORT TO B\RGEOIS GOV]NM5TS1 BUT :I* DID NOT EXPLICITLY EXCLUDE ! POSSIBILITY ( A LEGAL & GRADUAL ASC5T TO P[]4.>1 BY ! ONLY WORK]S' P>TY1 BUT ALL AGREE ?AT ! PA/ IDYLLIC PHASE ( CAPITALISM MU/ BE FOLL[$ BY >M$ VIOL5CE & DICTATOR%IP4 ,NO ALLIANCES >E CONCLUD$ ) ! GOV]NM5TS AT W> - EV5 A 0DEF5SIVE0 W>1 UPHOLD+ A CLASS POSITION EV5 9 ?IS CASE -- BUT ALL EF=TS >E MADE BY DEFEATI/ PROPAG&A ON ! FRONT TO TURN ! IMP]IALI/IC W> BETWE5 ,/ATES 9TO A CIVIL W> BETWE5 CLASSES4 #g4 ,! REVOLUTION>Y REPLY TO ! FIR/ WAVE ( OPPORTUNISM HAD BE53 NO ELECTORAL1 P>LIAM5T>Y OR M9I/]IAL ALLIANCE TO OBTA9 RE=MS4 ,! REPLY TO ! SECOND WAS1 S9CE #a#h#g#a3 NO W> ALLIANCE ) ! ,/ATE & B\RGEOISIE4 ,! FACT ?AT !SE REACTIONS CAME ) A BIG DELAY PREV5T$ ! PROLET>IAT FROM MAK+ FULL USE ( ! TURN+ PO9T & CRISIS ( #a#i#a#d-#a#h & ( SETT+ UP ! /RUGGLE AGA9/ W> & = ! DE/RUCTION ( ! B\RGEOIS ,/ATE4 #h4 ,!RE WAS ONLY ONE EXCEPTION1 AN IMPOS+ ONE3 ! ,OCTOB] #aiag VICTORY 9 ,RUSSIA4 ,RUSSIA WAS ! ONLY REMA9+ GREAT ,EUROPEAN ,/ATE /ILL RUL$ BY FEUDAL P[] :]E CAPITALI/ =MS ( PRODUCTION HAD AS YET P5ETRAT$ BUT LITTLE4 ,! PROLET>IAN P>TY WAS NUM]ICALLY WEAK1 BUT IT HAD A TRADITION ( DOCTR9AL /EADFA/NESS & HAD BE5 9 OPPOSITION TO ! TWO CONSECUTIVE WAVES ( OPPORTUNISM 9 ! ,SECOND ,9T]NATIONAL4 ,AT ! SANE TIME IT HAD BE5 CAPABLE1 FROM #aie ONW>DS1 ( SETT+ D[N ! PROBLEMS PUT BY ! SIMULTANE\S DEVELOPM5T ( A B\RGEOIS & A PROLET>IAN REVOLUTION4 ,9 ,FEBRU>Y #a#i#a#g1 ! PROLET>IAN P>TY /RUGGL$ ) ! O!RS AGA9/ ,CZ>ISM1 BUT 9 ! PHASE :I* IMM$IATELY FOLL[$1 IT WAS =C$ TO FITY BUT ALSO AGA9/ ! PROLET>IAN OPPORTUNI/ ONES1 :I* HAD OP5LY GONE OV] TO ! 5EMY1 & IT TRIUMPH$ OV] ALL ( !M4 ,IT !N BECAME ! C5T] ( ! RECON/ITUTION ( ! REVOLUTION>Y ,9T]NATIONAL4 #i4 ,! EFFECT ( ?IS =MIDABLE EV5T IS TO BE F\ND 9 IRREVOCABLE HI/ORICAL RESULTS4 ,9 ! LA/ ,EUROPEAN C\NTRY PLAC$ \TSIDE ( ! GEO-POLITICAL >EA ( ! ,WE/1 AN UN9T]RUPT$ FIIAT1 :OSE SOCIAL DEVELOPM5T IS F> FROM BE+ COMPLETE1 TO P[]4 ,LIB]AL-DEMOCRATIC =MS ( ! WE/]N TYPE1 SET UP DUR+ ! FIR/ PHASE ( ! REVOLUTIONS >E BRU%$ ASIDE & ! PROLET>IAN DICTATOR%IP FACES ! IMM5SE TASK ( ACCEL]AT+ ECONOMIC DEVELOPM5T4 ,?IS MEANS ?AT ! /ILL PRES5T FEUDAL =MS MU/ BE OV]?R[N & ?AT ! REC5T CAPITALI/IC =MS MU/ BE OV]COME4 ,! REALIZATION ( ?IS TASK CALLS ABOVE ALL = VICTORY OV] ! GANGS ( C\NT]-REVOLUTION>Y 9SURG5TS & ! 9T]V5TION ( =EIGN CAPITALISM4 ,IT CALLS NOT ONLY = ! MOBILIZATION ( ! WORLD PROLET>IAT = ! DEF5SE ( SOVIET P[] & TO DIRECT ! ASSAULT ON ! WE/]N1 B\RGEOIS P[]S1 BUT = ! EXT5SION ( ! REVOLUTION>Y /RUGGLE TO CONT95TS 9HABIT$ BY COLOR$ PEOPLE1 9 %ORT ! MOBILIZATION ( ALL =CES ABLE TO C>RY ON AN >M$ FIIAT = P[]4 ,BUT 9 UND]DEVELOP$ C\NTRIES ! RIS+ PROLET>IAN & COMMUNI/ P>TIES WILL NOT DISDA9 TO P>TICIPATE TO 9SURRECTIONS ( O!R ANTI-FEUDAL CLASSES1 EI!R AGA9/ LOCAL DESPOTIC DOM9ATIONS OR AGA9/ ! :ITE COLONIZ]S4 ,9 ,L59'S TIME1 !RE >E TWO HI/ORICAL ALT]NATIVES3 EI!R ! WORLD /RUGGLE 5DS 9 VICTORY1 ?AT IS BY ! D[NFALL ( CAPITALI/IC P[] AT LEA/ 9 A L>GE ADVANC$ P>T ( ,EUROPE1 & ?IS W\LD P]MIT ,RUSSIAN ECONOMY TO BE TRANS=M$ AT A FA/ RHY?M1 0JUMP+0 ! CAPITALI/IC /AGE & QUICKLY CAT*+ UP ) ,WE/]N 9DU/RY1 ALREADY RIPE = SOCIALISM1 OR ! BIG IMP]IALI/ C5T]S /AY PUT1 & 9 ?IS CASE ! REVOLUTION>Y ,RUSSIAN P[] IS =C$ TO RE/RA9 ITSELF TO ! ECONOMIC TASK ( ! B\RGEOIS REVOLUTION1 MAK+ ! EF=T ( IMM5SE PRODUCTIVE DEVELOPM5T1 BUT ( A CAPITALI/IC1 NOT A SOCIALI/ *>ACT]4 #a#a4 ,IT WAS QUITE OBVI\S ?AT ONLY A QUICK GRASP ( P[] 9 ,EUROPE C\LD PREV5T ! VIOL5T FALL ( ! ,SOVIET ,/ATE1 OR ITS 9VOLUTION 9TO A CAPITALI/IC ,/ATE )9 A HI/ORICALLY %ORT TIME4 ,H[EV]1 AFT] ! S]I\S %OCK FOLL[+ ! ,FIR/ ,WORLD ,W>1 ! B\RGEOIS SOCIETY WAS QUICKLY CONSOLIDAT$1 ! COMMUNI/ P>TIES HAV+ FAIL$ TO BE VICTORI\S1 EXCEPT = A FEW ATTEMPTS :I* W]E RAPIDLY CRU%$4 ,?IS LEAD ! COMMUNI/ P>TIES TO ASK !MSELVES BY :I* MEANS !Y C\LD W>D (F ! SOCIAL DEMOCRATIC & OPPORTUNI/ 9FLU5CES :I* CONT9U$ TO EX]T PRESSURE ON L>GE SECTIONS ( ! PROLET>IAT4 ,!RE W]E !N TWO ME?ODS AT /RIFE3 ! FIR/ -- ?AT ( ! ,ITALIAN ,M>XI/ ,LEFT -- CONSID]$ ?AT ?OSE P>TIES ( ! ,SECOND ,9T]NATIONAL :I* OP5LY CONT9U$ AN UNREL5T+ /RUGGLE AT ! SAME TIME AGA9/ ! COMMUNI/ PROGRAM & AGA9/ REVOLUTION>Y ,RUSSIA1 & IT F\TIES1 T[>DS ! COMMUNI/ P>TY4 #a#b4 ,TO JU/IFY ! LATT] ME?OD ! EXP]I5CES ( ! ,BOL%EVIK POLICY 9 ,RUSSIA W]E FALSELY EXPLA9$1 DIV]G+ FROM ! CORRECT !ORETICAL L9E4 ,9 ,RUSSIA ! (F]S ( ALLIANCE ) PETIT-B\RGEOIS & EV5 B\RGEOIS P>TIES W]E HI/ORICALLY JU/IFI$ BY ! FACT ?AT BY BANN+ ALL !SE MOVEM5TS ,CZ>ISM COMPELL$ !M TO AN 9SURRECTIONAL /RUGGLE4 ,9 ,EUROPE1 ON ! CONTR>Y1 EV5 :5 PROPOS$ PURELY AS A MANEUV]1 COMMON ACTION WAS ONLY TO BE C>RI$ ON LEGAL L9ES1 BE IT ON TRADE-UNION OR P>LIAM5T>Y GR\ND4 ,9 ,RUSSIA1 ! PHASE ( LIB]AL P>LIAM5T>ISM HAD BE5 V]Y %ORT 7! YE> #aie & A FEW MON?S 9 #a#i#a#g7 & ! SAME GOES = LEGAL RECOGNITION ( ! TRADE UNION MOVEM5T4 ,9 ! RE/ ( ,EUROPE1 9/EAD1 HALF A C5TURY ( DEG5]ATION ( ! PROLET>IAN MOVEM5T HAD MADE !SE TWO FIELDS ( ACTION PROPITI\S GR\ND TO DR[SE REVOLUTION>Y 5]GIES & CORRUPT ! WORK]S' LEAD]S4 ,! GU>ANTEE LY+ 9 ! FIRMNESS ( ! ,BOL%EVIK ,P>TY 9 ITS PR9CIPLES & ITS ORGANIZATION WAS ONE ?+1 :ILE ?AT GIV51 ACCORD+ TO ,MOSC[1 BY ! EXI/5CE ( A REVOLUTION>Y P[] 9 ,RUSSIA WAS QUITE ANO!R1 AS [+ TO ! SOCIAL CONDITIONS UND] :I* IT CAME 9TO BE+ & TO ! 9T]NATIONAL RELATIONS1 ?IS P[] WAS PRECISELY ! PROLET>IAN ORGANISM :I* LAY MO/ OP5 7HI/ORY HAS BUT %[N IT TOO WELL7 TO ! R5UNCIATION ( REVOLUTION>Y PR9CIPLES & POLICY4 #a#c4 ,! LEFT ( ! ,9T]NATIONAL 7TO :I* ! GREAT MAJORITY ( ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY ( ,ITALY BELONG$ BE=E IT WAS MORE OR LESS DE/ROY$ BY ! FASCI/ C\NT]-REVOLUTION :I* WAS FAVOR$ *IEFLY BY ! MI/AKE ( HI/ORICAL /RATEGY7 UPHELD ?AT 9 ! ,WE/ ALL ALLIANCES OR PROPOSALS ( ALLIANCES ) SOCIALI/ OR PETIT-B\RGEOIS P>TIES %\LD BE REFUS$ AT ALL CO/S2 9 O!R WORDS ?AT !RE %\LD BE NO UNIT$ POLITICAL FRONT4 ,IT ADMITT$ ?AT ! COMMUNI/S %\LD WID5 !IR 9FLU5CE )9 ! MASSES BY TAK+ P>T 9 ALL LOCAL & ECONOMIC /RUGGLES1 CALL+ ON ! WORK]S ( ALL ORGANIZATIONS & ( ALL FAI?S TO DEVELOP !M TO ! MAXIMUM1 BUT IT REFUS$ ?AT ! P>TY'S ACTION %\LD BE SUBORD9AT$ TO ?AT ( POLITICAL COMMITTEES ( FRONTS1 COALITIONS OR ALLIANCES EV5 IF ?IS SUBORD9ATION WAS TO RE/RICT ITSELF TO PUBLIC DECL>ATIONS & BE COMP5SAT$ BY 9T]NAL 9/RUCTIONS TO MILITANTS OR ! P>TY & BY ! SUBJECTIVE 9T5TIONS ( ! LEAD]S4 ,EV5 MORE /RONGLY IT REJECT$ ! SO-CALL$ 0,BOL%EVIK0 TACTICS :5 IT TOOK ! %APE ( 0WORK]S' GOV]NM5T01 I4E4 ! LAUN*+ ( ! SLOGAN 7BECOME 9 SOME 9/ANCES A PRACTICAL EXP]IM5T1 ) RU9\S CONSEQU5CES7 ( COM+ 9TO ! P>LIAM5T>Y P[] ) MIX$ MAJORITIES ( COMMUNI/S & SOCIALI/S ( ! V>I\S %APES4 ,IF ! ,BOL%EVIK P>TY C\LD DRAW UP ) NO DANG] ! PLAN ( PROVISIONAL GOV]NM5TS ( SEV]AL P>TIES 9 ! REVOLUTION>Y PHASE1 & IF ?AT ALL[$ IT TO GO TO ! FIRME/ AUTONOMY ( ACTION & EV5 TO \TLAW ! =M] ALLIES1 ALL ?AT WAS MADE POSSIBLE ONLY BY ! DIV]SITY ( SITUATION ( ! HI/ORICAL =CES3 URG5T NE$ ( TWO REVOLUTIONS1 & DE/RUCTIVE ATTITUDE1 BY ! ,/ATE 9 =CE1 T[>DS ANY COM+ TO P[] ?R\< A P>LIAM5T>Y WAY4 ,IT W\LD HAVE BE5 ABSURD TO TRANSPOSE SU* A /RATEGY TO A SITUATION 9 :I* ! B\RGEOIS ,/ATE HAS A HALF A C5TURY HOLD DEMOCRATIC TRADITION1 & P>TIES ?AT ACCEPT ITS CON/ITUTIONALISM4 #a#d4 ,! RESULTS ( TACTICS APPLI$ BY ! COMMUNI/ ,9T]NATIONAL BETWE5 #aiba & #aibf W]E NEGATIVE1 :I* DID NOT /OP ! LATT] FROM ADVOCAT+ MORE & MORE OPPORTUNI/IC ME?ODS BETWE5 ! ,I,I,IRD & ,V? ,9T]NATIONAL ,CONGRESSES & ! ,5L>G$ ,EXECUTIVE ,COMMITTEE 9 #a#i#b#f4 ,! ,COMMUNI/ ,9T]NATIONAL'S ME?OD WAS1 TO *ANGE ITS TACTICS ACCORD+ TO SITUATIONS :I* W]E ANALYZ$ 9 A MO/ :IMSICAL FA%ION1 NEW /AGES ( CAPITALISM BE+ DISCOV]$ EV]Y SIX MON?S4 ,! ,C4,I4'S REVISIONISM LAY1 AT ! BOTTOM1 ESS5TIALLY 9 ?IS VOLUNT>ISM :I* IT HAD 9 COMMON ) ALL PREC$+ REVISIONISMS4 ,RE=MI/S 9 #ai ALREADY REASON$ ?US3 FROM N[ ON ! SITUATION EXCLUDES ALL POSSIBILITY ( 9SURRECTION2 LET US NOT WAIT = ! IMPOSSIBLE1 LET US TRY TO A*IEVE CONCRETE RE=MS BY LEGAL MEANS1 ECONOMIC CONQUE/S BY US+ ! TRADE UNIONS4 ,! FAILURE ( ?IS ME?OD PROVOK$ REACTION FROM ! AN>*OSYNDICALI/ CURR5T :I* WAS ALSO VOLUNT>I/4 ,SURPRISE ATTACKS FROM BOLD M9ORITIES W]E SUB/ITUT$ = POLITICAL P>TY /RUGGLE UND] ! PRET5SION ?AT ! POLITICAL C\RSE C\LD BE DET]M9$ & ! G5]AL /RIKE IMPOS$ ON ! ,D-DAY4 ,9 ! SAME WAY1 SEE+ ?AT ! ,WE/-,EUROPEAN PROLET>IAT DID NOT ATTACK ! B\RGEOIS ,/ATE1 ! ,COMMUNI/ ,9T]NATIONAL FELL BACK ON DEVICES1 :I* ( C\RSE MODIFI$ NEI!R ! OBJECTIVE SITUATION NOR ! BALANCE ( P[] BUT ONLY WEAK5$ & CORRUPT$ ! WORK]S' ORGANIZATION4 ,! CONFUSION BETWE5 ! COMMUNI/ PROGRAM ( REVOLUTION>Y TAK+ ( P[] & ! SUPPORT OR P>TICIPATION BY ! COMMUNI/S 9 0WORK]S0 GOV]NM5TS1 SPR++ FROM P>LIAM5T>Y MAJORITIES1 R$UC$ ! EFFECTS ( ,L59'S RE/ORATION ( REVOLUTION>Y PR9CIPLES TO NO?+ & DIS>M$ ! WORLD PROLET>IAN P>TY IDEOLOGICALLY ) NO O!R PRACTICAL EFFECTS ?AN ! LUDICR\S EXP]I5CE ( ,SAXONY & ,?UR+IA :]E TWO POLICEM5 W]E 5\< TO OV]?R[ ! GOV]NM5T COMMUNI/ LEAD]4 #a#e4 ,! CONFUSION 9 MATT]S ( 9T]NAL ORGANIZATION COMPROMIS$ NO LESS ! SUCCESS ( ! DIFFICULT TASK ( SELECT+ ! REVOLUTION>Y MEMB]S FROM ! OPPORTUNI/ ONES 9 ! DIFF]5T P>TIES & C\NTRIES4 ,! ]ROR CONSI/$ 9 BELIEV+ ?AT ! LEFT W+S TORN AWAY FROM ! ,OLD SOCIAL DEMOCRATIC P>TIES W\LD MAKE =CES ( ! COMMUNI/ P>TY EASY TO H&LE1 :]EAS 9 FACT !Y C\LD BUT KEEP UP ! P]MAN5T CRISIS )9 ! COMMUNI/ ORGANIZATION4 ,UND] ! PRETEXT ( W9N+ OV] L>GE GR\PS ( WORK]S1 COMPROMISES W]E MADE ) ! LEAD]S1 CONT9UALLY *ANG+ ! PEOPLE HOLD+ RESPONSIBILITY & ?IS EV5 :5 5GAG$ 9 ACTIVE /RUGGLE1 :5 CONT9UITY 9 ORGANIZATION WAS MORE ?AN EV] ESS5TIAL4 ,9/EAD ( DEM&+ 9DIVIDUAL MEMB]%IP TO ! SECTIONS 7! NEW ,9T]NATIONAL ONCE CON/ITUT$ WAS TO FUNCTION 9 A CONT9U\S1 /ABLE MANN] AS WORLD ,P>TY71 M]G]S W]E >RANG$ ) FRACTIONS & GR\PS FROM OPPORTUNI/ P>TIES CALL+ !MSELVES 0COMMUNI/0 WIP+ \T FRONTI]S BETWE5 FOLL[]S & 5EMIES ( COMMUNISM1 BREAK+ ! CONT9UITY ( ACTION ( ! REVOLUTION>Y P>TY & RECORD+ !RE=E NO?+ BUT FAILURES ON AN 9T]NATIONAL SCALE4 ,! ,LEFT ALWAYS CLAIM$ UNITY & CONT9UITY ( ! ,COMMUNI/ ORGANIZATION 9 ! FACE ( ALL !SE DISSOLV+ PRACTICES4 ,! OV]?R[ ( ! /RUCTURE ( ! P>TIES UND] ! PRETEXT ( 0BOL%EVISATION0 WAS ANO!R REASON = ! ,LEFT TO DIFF] FROM ! LEAD]%IP ( ! ,9T]NATIONAL4 ,! T]RITORIAL ORGANIZATION ( ! P>TY WAS *ANG$ = A NETWORK ( FACTORY CELLS4 ,?IS N>R[$ ! POLITICAL HORIZON ( ! MEMB]S :O HAD ! SAME TRADE & !RE=E ! SAME IMM$IATE ECONOMIC 9T]E/S4 ,9 ?IS WAY1 ! NATURAL SYN!SIS ( ! DIFF]5T SOCIAL IMPULSIONS :I* W\LD HAVE HELP$ TO MAKE ! /RUGGLE A G5]AL ONE1 COMMON TO ALL CATEGORIES1 WAS NOT A*IEV$4 ,AS ?IS SYN!SIS WAS LACK+1 ! ONLY FACTOR ( UNITY WAS REPRES5T$ BY ! TOP EXECUTIVES :OSE MEMB]S BECAME 9 ?IS WAY (FICIALS ) ALL ! NEGATIVE *>ACT]I/ICS ( ! OLD SOCIALI/ P>TY SY/EM4 ,! CRITICISM :I* ! ,ITALIAN ,M>XI/ ,LEFT MADE ( ?IS ORGANIZATION MU/ NOT BE MI/AK5 AS CLAIM+ ! RETURN TO 09T]NAL DEMOCRACY0 & TO 0FREE ELECTION0 ( ! P>TY LEAD]S4 ,IT IS NEI!R 9T]NAL DEMOCRACY NOR FREE ELECTIONS :I* GIVE ! ,P>TY ITS NATURE ( BE+ ! MO/ CONSCI\S FRACTION ( ! PROLET>IAT & ITS FUNCTION ( REVOLUTION>Y GUIDE4 ,IT IS 9/EAD ! MATT] ( A DEEP DISCREPANCY ( CONCEPTIONS AB\T ! DET]M9I/IC ORGANICITY ( ! P>TY AS A HI/ORICAL BODY1 LIV+ 9 ! REALITY ( ! CLASS /RUGGLE2 IT IS A FUNDAM5TAL DEVIATION 9 PR9CIPLES1 ?AT MADE ! P>TIES UNABLE TO =ESEE & FACE ! OPPORTUNI/ DANG]4 #a#f4 ,ANALOG\S DEVIATIONS TOOK PLACE 9 ,RUSSIA :]E1 = ! FIR/ TIME 9 HI/ORY1 ! DIFFICULT PROBLEM ( ORGANIZATION & 9T]NAL DISCIPL9E ( ! COMMUNI/ P>TY :I* HAD COME TO P[] & :OSE MEMB]%IP HAD 5ORM\SLY 9CREAS$1 >OSE4 ,! DIFFICULTIES MET 9 ! 9T]NAL SOCIAL-/RUGGLE = A NEW ECONOMY & REVOLUTION>Y POLITICAL /RUGGLE \TSIDE ( ,RUSSIA PROVOK$ CONTRA/+ OP9IONS BETWE5 ,BOL%EVIKS ( ! ,OLD ,GU>D & NEW MEMB]S4 ,! ,P>TY'S LEAD+ GR\P HAD 9 ITS H&S NOT ONLY ! P>TY APP>ATUS BUT ALSO ! :OLE ,/ATE APP>ATUS4 ,ITS OP9IONS OR ?OSE ( ! MAJORITY )9 IT W]E MADE GOOD NOT BY MEANS ( P>TY DOCTR9E & ITS NATIONAL & 9T]NATIONAL TRADITION ( /RUGGLE1 BUT BY REPRESSION ( ! OPPOSITION BY MEANS ( ! ,/ATE APP>ATUS & BY /RANGL+ ! P>TY 9 A POLICE LIKE MANN]4 ,ALL DISOB$I5CE T[>DS ! C5TRAL ORGAN ( ! P>TY WAS JUDG$ AS A C\NT]-REVOLUTION>Y ACT W>RANT+1 BESIDES EXPULSION1 PUNITIVE SANCTIONS4 ,! RELATION%IP BETWE5 ,P>TY & ,/ATE WAS ?US COMPLETELY DI/ORT$ & ! GR\P :I* CONTROLL$ BO? WAS ?US ABLE TO 5=CE A S]IES ( SURR5D]S ( PR9CIPLES & ( ! HI/ORICAL L9E ( ! P>TY & WORLD REVOLUTION>Y MOVEM5T4 ,9 REALITY ! P>TY IS A UNIT>Y ORGANISM 9 ITS DOCTR9E & ITS ACTION4 ,TO JO9 ! P>TY IMPOSES P]EMPTORY OBLIGATIONS ON ,LEAD]S & FOLL[]S4 ,BUT JO9+ & LEAV+ IS VOLUNT>Y )\T ANY K9D ( PHYSICAL COMPULSION & %ALL BE SO BE=E1 DUR+ & AFT] ! CONQUE/ ( P[]4 ,! P>TY DIRECTS ALONE & 9 AN AUTONOM\S WAY ! /RUGGLE ( ! EXPLOIT$ CLASS TO DE/ROY ! CAPITALI/ ,/ATE4 ,9 ! SAME WAY1 ! ,P>TY1 ALONE & AUTONOM\S1 LEADS ! REVOLUTION>Y PROLET>IAN ,/ATE1 & JU/ BECAUSE ! ,/ATE IS1 HI/ORICALLY1 A TRANSITORY ORGAN1 LEGAL 9T]V5TION AGA9/ P>TY MEMB]S OR GR\PS IS A PO9T] TO A S]I\S CRISIS4 ,AS SOON AS SU* 9T]V5TION BECAME A PRACTICE 9 ,RUSSIA1 ! P>TY BECAME CR[D$ ) OPPORTUNI/IC MEMB]S :O S\TY4 ,YET !Y W]E ACCEPT$ )\T HESITATION & 9/EAD ( A WEAK5+ ( ! ,/ATE !RE WAS A DANG]\S 9FLATION ( ! ,P>TY 9 P[]4 ,?IS REV]SAL ( 9FLU5CES RESULT$ 9 ! OPPORTUNI/S GETT+ ! UPP] H& ON ! OR?ODOX2 ! BETRAY]S ( REVOLUTION>Y PR9CIPLES P>ALYZ$1 IMMOBILIZ$1 ACCUS$ & F9ALLY CONDEMN$ ?OSE :O DEF5D$ !M 9 A COH]5T WAY1 SOME ( :OM HAD UND]/OOD TOO LATE ?AT ! P>TY W\LD NEV] AGA9 BECOME A REVOLUTION>Y ONE4 ,9 FACT1 IT WAS ! GOV]NM5T1 AT GRIPS ) ! H>D REALITY ( 9T]NAL & EXT]NAL AFFAIRS1 :I* SOLV$ QUE/IONS1 & IMPOS$ ITS SOLUTIONS ON ! ,P>TY4 ,! LATT]1 9 TURN1 HAD AN EASY TIME 9 9T]NATIONAL CONGRESSES TO IMPOSE !SE SOLUTIONS ON ! O!R P>TIES :I* IT DOM9AT$ & H&L$ AS IT LIK$4 ,9 ?IS WAY ! DIRECTIVE ( ! ,COM9T]N L9ES BECAME MORE & MORE ECLECTICAL & CONCILIATORY ) RESPECT TO WORLD CAPITALISM4 ,! ,ITALIAN ,LEFT NEV] QUE/ION$ ! REVOLUTION>Y M]ITS ( ! P>TY :I* HAD LEAD ! FIR/ PROLET>IAN REVOLUTION TO VICTORY1 BUT IT MA9TA9$ ?AT ! CONTRIBUTIONS ( ! P>TIES /ILL OP5LY /RUGGL+ AGA9/ !IR B\RGEOIS REGIME1 W]E 9DISP5SABLE4 ,! HI]>*Y :I* C\LD SOLVE ! PROBLEMS ( REVOLUTION>Y ACTION 9 ! WORLD & 9 ,RUSSIA MU/ !RE=E BE ! FOLL[+3 ! ,9T]NATIONAL ( ! ,WORLD COMMUNI/ P>TIES -- ITS V>I\S SECTIONS1 9CLUD+ ! ,RUSSIAN ONE -- F9ALLY ! COMMUNI/ GOV]NM5T = 9T]NAL ,RUSSIAN POLITICS BUT EXCLUSIVELY ALONG P>TY L9ES4 ,O!RWISE ! 9T]NATIONALI/ *>ACT] ( ! MOVEM5T & ITS REVOLUTION>Y EFFICI5CY C\LD NOT BUT BE COMPROMIS$4 ,ONLY BY RESPECT+ ?IS RULE C\LD A DIV]G5CE ( 9T]E/S & OBJECTIVES BETWE5 ! ,RUSSIAN ,/ATE & ! ,WORLD REVOLUTION BE AVOID$4 ,L59 HIMSELF HAD MANY TIMES ADMITT$ ?AT IF ! REVOLUTION BROKE \T 9 ,EUROPE OR ! WORLD1 ! ,RUSSIAN P>TY W\LD TAKE NOT SECOND BUT AT LEA/ F\R? PLACE 9 ! G5]AL POLITICAL & SOCIAL LEAD]%IP ( ! COMMUNI/ REVOLUTION4 #a#g4 ,WE CANNOT SAY EXACTLY :5 ! OPPORTUNI/IC WAVE :I* WAS TO BE> AWAY ! ,COMMUNI/ ,9T]NATIONAL1 ORIG9AT$4 ,?IS WAS ! ?IRD WAVE1 ! FIR/ HAV+ P>ALYZ$ ! ,9T]NATIONAL F\ND$ BY ,M>X & ! SECOND :I* HAD %AMEFULLY BR\AGRAPHS #a#a1 #a#b1 #a#c1 #a#d1 #ae & #af ABOVE1 ?REW ! WORLD COMMUNI/ MOVEM5T 9TO TOTAL OPPORTUNISM :I* C\LD BE SE5 FROM ITS ATTITUDE T[>DS FASCISM & TOTALIT>IAN GOV]NM5TS4 ,!SE =MS APPE>$ AFT] ! P]IOD ( ! GREAT PROLET>IAN ATTACKS :I*1 9 ,G]MANY1 ,ITALY1 ,HUNG>Y1 ,BAV>IA & 9 ! ,BALKAN ,/ATES1 FOLL[$ ! 5D ( ! ,I/ ,WORLD ,W>4 ,! COMMUNI/ ,9T]NATIONAL DEF9$ !M AS EMPLOY]S' (F5SIVES ) A T5D5CY TO L[] ! /&>D ( LIV+ ( ! WORK+ CLASSES ECONOMICALLY1 & POLITICALLY AS 9ITIATIVES AIM+ AT ! SUPPRESSION ( DEMOCRATIC LIB]ALISM1 :I* IT PRES5T$1 9 A TURN ( PHRASE D\BTFUL TO ,M>XI/S1 AS BE+ A FAVORABLE MILIEU = A PROLET>IAN (F5SIVE1 :]EAS COMMUNISM HAS ALWAYS CONSID]$ IT AS ! WOR/ POSSIBLE ATMOSPH]E ( REVOLUTION>Y CORRUPTION ON ! POLITICAL LEVEL4 ,9 REALITY1 FASCISM WAS ! COMPLETE PRO( ( ! ,M>XI/ VISION ( HI/ORY3 ! ECONOMIC CONC5TRATION WAS NOT ONLY EVID5CE ( ! SOCIAL & 9T]NATIONAL *>ACT] ( CAPITALI/ PRODUCTION1 BUT IT URG$ ! LATT] TO UNITE & ! B\RGEOISIE TO DECL>E ,SOCIAL W> ON ! PROLET>IAT1 :OSE PRESSURE WAS AS YET MU* WEAK] ?AN ! DEF5SE CAPACITY ( ! CAPITALI/ ,/ATE4 ,! LEAD]S ( ! ,9T]NATIONAL ON ! O!R H& CREAT$ S]I\S HI/ORICAL CONFUSION ) ! ,K]5SKY P]IOD 9 ,RUSSIA1 LEAD+ NOT ONLY TO A S]I\S MI/AKE 9 !ORETICAL 9T]PRETATION1 BUT TO AN 9EVITABLE OV]?R[ ( TACTICS4 ,A /RATEGY = ! DEF5SE & CONS]VATION ( EXI/+ CONDITIONS WAS \TL9$ = ! PROLET>IAT & COMMUNI/ ,P>TIES1 ADVIS+ !M TO =M A UNIT$ FRONT ) ALL ?OSE B\RGEOIS GR\PS :I* UPHELD ?AT C]TA9 IMM$IATE ADVANTAGES %\LD BE GRANT$ TO ! WORK]S & ?AT ! PEOPLE %\LD NOT BE DEPRIV$ ( !IR DEMOCRATIC RIIAT4 ,IT DID NOT UND]/& EI!R ?AT FREE+ ITSELF FROM A HYPOCRITICAL P>LIAM5T>ISM1 FASCISM 9H]IT$ ON ! O!R H& :OLLY ! PSEUDO-,M>XI/ RE=MISM1 SECUR+ = ! LEA/ =TUNATE CLASSES NOT ONLY A LIV+ WAGE BUT A S]IES ( IMPROVEM5TS ( !IR WELF>E BY MEANS ( A C]TA9 NUMB] ( MEASURES & /ATE 9T]V5TIONS TAK51 ( C\RSE1 9 ! 9T]E/ ( ! ,/ATE4 ,! ,COMMUNI/ ,9T]NATIONAL ?US LAUN*$ ! SLOGAN 0/RUGGLE = FRE$OM0 :I* WAS =C$ UPON ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY ( ,ITALY BY ! PRESID5T ( ! ,9T]NATIONAL FROM #aibf ONW>DS4 ,YET NE>LY ALL ! MILITANTS ( ! P>TY HAD WANT$ = F\R YE>S TO LEAD AS AUTONOM\S CLASS POLICY AGA9/ FASCISM REFUS+ COALITION ) ALL DEMOCRATIC1 MON>*I/IC & CA?OLIC P>TIES 9 FAVOR ( CON/ITUTIONAL & P>LIAM5T>Y GU>ANTEES4 ,& IT WAS 9 VA9 ?AT ! ,ITALIAN ,LEFT W>N$ ! LEAD]S ( ! ,9T]NATIONAL ?AT ! PA? IT HAD *OS5 7& :I* 5D$ F9ALLY ) ! ,COMMITTEES = ,NATIONAL ,LIB]ATION67 W\LD LEAD TO ! LOSS ( ALL REVOLUTION>Y 5]GIES1 & DEM&$ ?AT ! REAL MEAN+ ( ! ANTIFASCISM ( ALL ! B\RGEOIS & PETIT-B\RGEOIS P>TIES AS WELL AS ! PSEUDO-PROLET>IAN ONES %\LD BE OP5LY D5\NC$4 ,! L9E ( ! COMMUNI/ P>TY IS BY ITS NATURE AN (F5SIVE ONE & 9 NO CASE MAY IT /RUGGLE = ! ILLUSORY PRES]VATION ( CONDITIONS PECULI> TO CAPITALISM4 ,IF1 BE=E #a#h#g#a1 ! WORK+ CLASS HAD TO FIE ITS ONLY TASKS4 ,CONSEQU5TLY1 ! REVOLUTION>Y P>TY %ALL 9T]PRET ! COM+ ( TOTALIT>IAN =MS ( CAPITALISM AS ! CONFIRMATION ( ITS DOCTR9E & !RE=E ITS COMPLETE IDEOLOGICAL VICTORY4 ,IT %ALL TAKE AN 9T]E/ 9 ! EFFECTIVE /R5G? ( ! PROLET>IAN CLASS 9 RELATION%IP TO ITS OPPRESSOR 9 ORD] TO GET READY = ! REVOLUTION>Y CIVIL W>4 ,?IS RELATION%IP HAS EV] BE5 MADE UNFAVORABLE ONLY BY OPPORTUNISM & GRADUALISM4 ,! REVOLUTION>Y P>TY %ALL DO ALL 9 ITS P[] TO /IR UP ! F9AL ATTACK1 & :]E ?IS IS IMPOSSIBLE1 FACE UP )\T EV] SLAT+ A 0,VADE RETRO ,SATANA01 AS DEFEATI/ AS /UPID BECAUSE IT COMES TO BEGG+ FOOLI%LY = TOL]ANCE & P>DON FROM ! 5EMY CLASS4 ,C4 ,OPPORTUNISM AFT] #aibf #a#h4 ,9 ! ,SECOND ,9T]NATIONAL1 OPPORTUNISM TOOK ON ! =M ( HUMANIT>IANISM1 PHILAN?ROPY & PACIFISM CULM9AT+ 9 ! REPUDIATION ( >M$ /RUGGLE & 9SURRECTION &1 :AT IS MORE1 F9D+ JU/IFICATION = LEGAL VIOL5CE BETWE5 ,/ATES AT W>4 ,DUR+ ! ?IRD OPPORTUNI/ WAVE DEVIATION & TREASON ( ! REVOLUTION>Y L9E W5T AS F> AS >M$ FI4 ,BUT EV5 :5 OPPORTUNISM WANTS TO IMPOSE A GIV5 GOV]NM5T AGA9/ ANO!R 9 ONE C\NTRY BY MEANS ( AN >M$ /RUGGLE AIM+ AT T]RITORIAL CONQUE/S & /RATEGICAL POSITIONS1 ! REVOLUTION>Y CRITICISM REMA9S ! SAME AS :5 IT ORGANIZES FRONTS1 BLOCKS & ALLIANCES ) PURELY ELECTORAL & P>LIAM5T>Y DESIGNS4 ,= 9/ANCE ! ALLIANCE ( ! ,SPANI% ,CIVIL ,W> & ! P>TISAN MOVEM5T AGA9/ ! ,G]MANS OR ! FASCI/S DUR+ ! ,SECOND ,WORLD ,W> WAS )\T D\BT BETRAYAL ( ! WORK+ CLASS & A =M ( COLLABORATION ) CAPITALISM1 9 SPITE ( ! VIOL5CE :I* WAS MADE USE (4 ,9 SU* CASES1 ! COMMUNI/ P>TY'S REFUSAL TO SUBORD9ATE ITSELF TO COMMITTEES MADE UP ( HET]OG5E\S P>TIES %\LD BE EV5 FIRM]3 :5 ACTION PASSES FROM LEGAL AGITATION TO CONSPIRATION & FIIAN MOVEM5TS4 ,WE NE$ NOT RECALL ?AT 9 ! CASE ( DEFEAT1 SU* COLLUSIONS W]E CONCLUD$ BY ! CONC5TRATION ( ALL ! 5EMY'S =CES ON ! COMMUNI/S1 :]EAS 9 ! CASE ( APP>5T SUCCESS1 ! REVOLUTION>Y W+ WAS COMPLETELY DIS>M$ & B\RGEOIS ORD] WAS CONSOLIDAT$4 #a#i4 ,ALL DEMON/RATIONS ( OPPORTUNISM 9 ! TACTICS IMPOS$ ON ,EUROPEAN P>TIES & C>RI$ ON 9SIDE ,RUSSIA W]E CR[N$ DUR+ ! ,SECOND ,WORLD ,W> BY ! ATTITUDE ( ! ,SOVIET ,/ATE T[>DS ! O!R BELLIG]5T ,/ATES & BY ! 9/RUCTIONS :I* ,MOSC[ GAVE TO ! COMMUNI/ P>TIES4 ,! LATT] DID NOT D5Y !IR ASS5T TO ! W>1 NOR DID !Y TRY TO EXPLOIT IT 9 ORD] TO ORGANIZE CLASS ACTION AIM+ AT ! DE/RUCTION ( ! CAPITALI/ ,/ATE4 ,ON ! CONTR>Y1 9 A FIR/ /AGE ,RUSSIA CONCLUD$ AN AGREEM5T ) ,G]MANY3 !N :ILE IT PROVID$ ?AT ! ,G]MAN SECTION %\LD DO NO?+ AGA9/ ! HITL]ITE P[]1 IT D>$ TO DICTATE SELF-/YL$ 0,M>XI/0 TACTICS TO ,FR5* COMMUNI/S :O W]E TO DECL>E ! W> ( ! ,FR5* & ,5GLI% B\RGEOISIE AS BE+ AN IMP]IALI/IC AGGRESSIVE ONE1 & MADE !SE P>TIES LEAD ILLEGAL ACTION AGA9/ !IR ,/ATE & >MY2 ,H[EV]1 AS SOON AS ! ,RUSSIAN ,/ATE CAME 9TO MILIT>Y CONFLICT ) ,G]MANY & ITS 9T]E/ LAY 9 ! /R5G? ( ?OSE OPPOS$ TO ! ,RUSSIAN /ATE1 ! ,FR5*1 ,5GLI% & O!R P>TIES CONC]N$ RECEIV$ ! OPPOSITE POLITICAL 9/RUCTION & ! ORD] TO MOVE TO ! FRONT ( NATIONAL DEF5SE JU/ LIKE ! SOCIALI/S1 D5\NC$ BY ,L591 9 #a#i#a#d4 ,MU* MORE1 ALL !ORETICAL & HI/ORICAL POSITIONS ( COMMUNISM W]E FALSIFI$ :5 IT WAS DECL>$ ?AT ! W> BETWE5 ! WE/]N P[]S & ,G]MANY WAS NOT AN IMP]IALI/IC ONE BUT A CRUSADE = LIB]TY & DEMOCRACY & ?AT IT HAD BE5 SO FROM ! />T1 FROM #aici ON1 :5 ! PSEUDO-COMMUNI/ PROPAG&A WAS 5TIRELY DIRECT$ AGA9/ ! ,FR5* & ,5GLI%4 ,?US IT IS CLE> ?AT ! ,COMMUNI/ ,9T]NATIONAL1 :I* AT ONE TIME HAD BE5 =MALLY WIP$ \T 9 ORD] TO GIVE EXTRA GU>ANTEES TO ! IMP]IALI/ P[]S1 WAS AT NO TIME US$ TO PROVOKE ! FALL ( ANY CAPITALI/ P[] & NOT EV5 TO SPE$ ON ! APPE>ANCE ( CONDITIONS NECESS>Y = ! TAK+ OV] ( P[] BY ! PROLET>IAT4 ,ITS ONLY USE WAS TO COLLABORATE OP5LY ) ! ,G]MAN IMP]IALI/ BLOC1 ! OPPOSITE BLOC HAV+ PREF]R$ TO DO )\T ITS HELP :5 ,RUSSIA CAME OV] ON ITS SIDE4 ,IT IS !RE=E NOT A SIMPLE QUE/ION ( OPPORTUNISM BUT RA!R A TOTAL AB&ONM5T ( COMMUNISM1 PROV$ BY ! HA/E ) :I* ! DEF9ITION ( ! CLASS /RUCTURE ( ! B\RGEOIS P[]S *ANG$ AT ! SAME TIME AS DID ,RUSSIA'S ALLIES4 ,IMP]IALI/ & PLUTOCRAT 9 #a#i#c#i-#d1 ,FRANCE1 ,5GL& & ,AM]ICA LAT] BECAME REPRES5TATIVE ( PROGRESS1 FRE$OM & CIVILIZATION1 HAV+ A COMMON PROGRAM ) ,RUSSIA = ! REORGANIZATION ( ! WORLD4 ,?IS EXTRAORD9>Y TURN+ DID NOT PREV5T ,RUSSIA FROM ! MOM5T ( ! FIR/ DISAGREEM5TS 9 #aidf & FROM ! />T ( ! COLD W>1 TO HEAP ! MO/ FI]Y ACCUSATIONS ON ! V]Y SAME ,/ATES4 ,IT IS NO WOND] !RE=E ?AT1 BEG9N+ BY SIMPLE CONTACTS ) ! SOCIAL-BETRAY]S & SOCIAL-PATRIOTS REJECT$ ! DAY BE=E1 CONT9U+ ) UNIT$ FRONTS1 WORK]S' GOV]NM5TS 7R5\NC+ TO CLASS DICTATOR%IP7 & EV5 BLOCS ) PETIT-B\RGEOIS P>TIES1 ! ,MOSC[ MOVEM5T FELL1 DUR+ ! W>1 9TO TOTAL 5SLAVEM5T ( ! POLICY ( ! 0DEMOCRATIC P[]S04 ,LAT] IT HAD TO ADMIT ?AT !SE P[]S W]E NOT ONLY IMP]IALI/ BUT JU/ AS FASCI/ AS ,G]MANY & ,ITALY HAD BE5 BE=E4 ,IT IS !RE=E NO WOND] EI!R ?AT ! REVOLUTION>Y P>TIES :I* HAD MET 9 ,MOSC[ 9 #a#i#a#i-#a#i#b HAD LO/ ANY REMA9D] ( !IR COMMUNI/ & PROLET>IAN NATURE4 #b4 ,! ,?IRD HI/ORICAL WAVE ( OPPORTUNISM UNITES ALL ! *>ACT]I/ICS ( ! TWO PREC$+ ONES 9 ! SAME MEASURE AS PRES5T CAPITALISM 9CLUDES ALL =MS ( ITS DIFF]5T /AGES ( DEVELOPM5T4 ,AFT] ! SECOND IMP]IALI/ W>1 ! OPPORTUNI/ P>TIES1 UNIT$ ) ALL ! B\RGEOIS P>TIES 9 ! ,COMMITTEES ( ,NATIONAL ,LIB]ATION TAKE A P>T 9 GOV]NM5T ) !M4 ,9 ,ITALY1 !Y EV5 P>TAKE 9 MON>*I/ CAB9ETS1 PO/PON+ ! QUE/ION ( ! ,REPUBLIC TO MORE 0SUITABLE0 TIMES4 ,?US !Y REPUDIATE ! USE ( ! REVOLUTION>Y ME?OD = ! CONQUE/ ( POLITICAL P[]S BY ! PROLET>IAT1 SANCTION+ A PURELY LEGAL & P>LIAM5T>Y /RUGGLE TO :I* ALL PROLET>IAN PRESSURE IS TO BE SACRIFIC$ 9 VIEW ( ! CONQUE/ ( PUBLIC P[] BY PACIFIC MEANS4 ,9 ! SAME WAY AS DUR+ ! FIR/ YE> ( ! CONFLICT !Y DID NOT SABOTAGE FASCI/ GOV]NM5TS1 N\RI%+ !IR MILIT>Y /R5G? ! SUPPLY ( FIR/ NECESSITY1 !Y PO/ULATE ! P>TICIPATION 9 NATIONAL DEF5SE GOV]NM5TS SP>+ ALL TR\BLE TO ! GOV]NM5TS AT W>4 ,OPPORTUNISM CONT9UES ITS FATAL EVOLUTION1 SACRIFIC+1 EV5 =MALLY1 ! ,?IRD ,9T]NATIONAL TO ! 5EMY ( ! WORK+ CLASS1 TO SUBSEQU5T IMP]IALISM1 9 FAVOR ( ! SUBSEQU5T 0RE9=CEM5T ( ! ,UNIT$ ,FRONT ( ! ALLIES & O!R ,UNIT$ ,NATIONS04 ,?US ! HI/ORICAL ANTICIPATION ( ! ,ITALIAN ,LEFT MADE 9 ! FIR/ YE>S ( ! ,?IRD ,9T]NATIONAL CAME TRUE4 ,IT WAS 9ELUCTABLE ?AT ! GIGANTIC OPPORTUNISM :I* HAD GA9$ ! WORK]S' MOVEM5T W\LD LEAD TO ! LIQUIDATION ( ALL REVOLUTION>Y 9/ANCES4 ,CONSEQU5TLY ! RECON/ITUTION ( ! CLASS /R5G? ( ! WORLD PROLET>IAT HAS BE5 V]Y MU* DELAY$1 MADE MORE DIFFICULT & WILL REQUIRE A GREAT] EF=T4 #b#a4 ,9 ! SAME WAY AS ,RUSSIA1 SUPPORT$ BY ! OPPORTUNI/ COMMUNI/ P>TIES ( O!R C\NTRIES1 HAD F\TIES' SUPPORT4 ,ON ! CONTR>Y1 ?IS OCCUPATION ) C\NT]-REVOLUTION>Y PURPOSE WAS FULLY JU/IFI$ BY ALL ! SO-CALL$ SOCIALI/S & COMMUNI/S DUR+ ! ,YALTA & ,TEH]AN CONF]5CES4 ,ANY POSSIBILITY ( A REVOLUTION>Y ATTACK ( ! B\RGEOIS P[]S WAS R$UC$ TO NO?+ 9 ! C\NTRIES ?AT HAD WON ! W> AS 9 ?OSE ?AT HAD LO/4 ,?IS CONFIRMS ! POSITION ( ! ,ITALIAN ,LEFT :I* REG>D$ ! SECOND ,W> AS IMP]IALI/ & ! OCCUPATION ( ! VANQUI%$ C\NTRIES AS C\NT]-REVOLUTION>Y1 & =ESAW ?AT ! SECOND W> C\LD NOT BE FOLL[$ BY A REVOLUTION>Y REVIVAL4 #b#b4 ,9 ACCORDANCE ) ! C\NT]-REVOLUTION>Y PA/ ! ,RUSSIAN & AFFILIAT$ P>TIES HAVE MOD]NIZ$ ! !ORY ( ! P]MAN5T COLLABORATION BETWE5 CLASSES PROCLAIM+ ! PEACEFUL CO-EXI/5CE & COMPETITION BETWE5 CAPITALI/ & SOCIALI/ ,/ATES4 ,?IS POSITION1 AFT] ! =M] :I* R$UC$ ! CLASS /RUGGLE TO A SO-CALL$ /RUGGLE BETWE5 SOCIALI/ & CAPITALI/ ,/ATES1 IS !IR F9AL 9SULT TO REVOLUTION>Y ,M>XISM4 ,IF A SOCIALI/ ,/ATE DOES NOT DECL>E A HOLY W> ON CAPITALI/ ,/ATES1 IT AT LEA/ DECL>ES & MA9TA9S ! CLASS W> 9SIDE ! B\RGEOIS C\NTRIES1 :OSE PROLET>IAT PREP>ES !ORETICALLY & PRACTICALLY = ! 9SURRECTION4 ,?IS IS ! ONLY POSITION :I* CON=MS ) ! PROGRAM ( ! COMMUNI/ P>TIES :O DO NOT DISDA9 TO %[ !IR OP9IONS & !IR 9T5TIONS 7,MANIFE/O ( #a#h#d#f7 & OP5LY URGE ON ! VIOL5T DE/RUCTION ( ! B\RGEOIS P[]4 ,H5CE1 ,/ATES & P>TIES :I* ADMIT OR EV5 ASSUME HYPO!TICALLY PEACEFUL COEXI/5CE & COMPETITION BETWE5 ,/ATES 9/EAD ( PROPAG&IZ+ ! ABSOLUTE 9COMPATIBILITY AMONG ! CLASSES & >M$ /RUGGLE = ! EMANCIPATION ( ! PROLET>IAT1 >E CAPITALI/ ,/ATES & C\NT]-REVOLUTION>Y P>TIES1 & !IR PHRASEOLOGY ONLY MASKS !IR NON-PROLET>IAN *>ACT]4 ,! ,P]SI/5CE ( SU* IDEOLOGIES )9 ! WORK+ CLASS MOVEM5T IS A TRAGICAL HOLDBACK ( ANY CLASS REVIVAL & ! PROLET>IAT MU/ PASS BEYOND !M BE=E ! CLASS /RUGGLE CAN TAKE PLACE4 #b#c4 ,ANO!R ASPECT :I* MADE ! POLITICAL OPPORTUNISM ( ! ?IRD WAVE /ILL MORE %AMEFUL ?AN ! PREC$+ ONES WAS ITS %AMEFUL ATTITUDE T[>DS PACIFISM1 DEF5SE ( GU]RILLA W>F>E2 PACIFISM AGA91 BUT SPIC$ ) ! ANTI-CAPITALI/ PHRASEOLOGY ( ! COLD W> & F9ALLY ! 9SIPID TOTAL PACIFISM ( COEXI/5CE4 ,ALL !SE TURN+S W5T SIDE BY SIDE ) ! MO/ SC&AL\S V>IATION 9 ! DEF9ITION ( ! ,5GLI% & ,AM]ICAN P[]S3 IMP]IALI/ 9 #a#i#c#i1 DEMOCRATICALLY 0LIB]AT+0 ! ,EUROPEAN PROLET>IAT 9 #a#i#d#b1 IMP]IALI/ AGA9 AFT] ! W>1 PACIFI/ RIVALS 9 ! COMPETITION BETWE5 CAPITALISM & 0SOCIALISM0 TODAY4 ,TRUE ,M>XI/S KN[1 ?AT ! ,AM]ICAN IMP]IALISM HAS TAK5 UP S9CE ! FIR/ ,WORLD ,W> FROM ! ,5GLI% 0DESPOT0 ! ROLE ( PR9CIPAL :ITE GU>D ( ! WORLD1 AS ,L59 & ! ,?IRD ,9T]NATIONAL MANY TIMES EMPHASIZ$ DUR+ ! GLORI\S P]IOD ( REVOLUTION>Y /RUGGLE4 ,9SEP>ABLE FROM SOCIAL PACIFISM1 PACIFISM TAK5 ON ITS [N MAKES ! MO/ ( ! WORK]S' HATR$ ( IMP]IALI/ W>S4 ,DEF5SE ( PEACE :I* IS A COMMON PROPAG&A ( ALL P>TIES & ALL ,/ATES1 B\RGEOIS OR PSEUDO-PROLET>IAN IS H[EV] AS OPPORTUNI/ AS IS ! DEF5SE ( ! FA!RL&4 ,REVOLUTION>IES %\LD LEAVE ONE AS ! O!R TO ! ,U,N,O :I* IS HORROR /RUCK AT ! M5TION ( CLASS /RUGGLE1 BUT IS ITSELF1 LIKE ! ,LEAGUE ( ,NATIONS1 A LEAGUE ( ,ROBB]S4 ,9 PUTT+ PACIFISM HI<] ?AN ANY O!R DEM&1 TODAY'S OPPORTUNI/S %[ NOT ONLY ?AT !Y >E \TSIDE ! REVOLUTION>Y PROCESS & HAVE FALL5 9TO TOTAL UTOPIA1 BUT ?AT !Y DO NOT COME )9 REA* ( ! UTOPI/S ,SA9T ,SIMON1 ,[51 ,F\RI] & EV5 ,PR\DHON4 ,REVOLUTION>Y ,M>XISM REJECTS PACIFISM AS A !ORY & MEANS ( PROPAG&A & SUBORD9ATES PEACE TO ! VIOL5T DE/RUCTION ( WORLD IMP]IALISM2 !RE WILL BE NO PEACE AS LONG AS ! PROLET>IAT ( ! WORLD IS NOT FREE FROM B\RGEOIS EXPLOITATION4 ,IT ALSO D5\NCES PACIFISM AS A WEAPON ( ! CLASS 5EMY TO DIS>M ! PROLET>IAT & )HOLD !M FROM REVOLUTION>Y 9FLU5CE4 #b#d4 ,?R[+ BRIDGES TO ! IMP]IALI/ P>TIES TO SET UP GOV]NM5TS ( 0NATIONAL UNION0 HAS N[ BECOME A CU/OM>Y PRAXIS ( ! OPPORTUNI/S :O C>RY IT \T ON AN 9T]NATIONAL SCALE 9 A GIGANTIC SUP]/ATE ORGANISM1 ,U4,N4,O4 ,! GREAT LIE CONSI/S 9 MAK+ BELIEVE ?AT PROVID$ ?AT ! W> BETWE5 ,/ATES IS AVOID$1 CLASS COLLABORATION CAN NOT ONLY BECOME REALITY BUT BR+ ITS MAWKI% FRUITS TO ! WORK+ CLASS1 ! IMP]IALI/ & CLASS ,/ATE BECOM+ A DEMOCRATIC 9/RUM5T = ! PUBLIC WEAL?4 ,?US 9 ! ,PEOPLES' ,DEMOCRACIES1 ! OPPORTUNI/S HAVE SET UP NATIONAL SY/EMS 9 :I* ALL SOCIAL CLASSES >E REPRES5T$1 ) ! PRET5SE ?AT 9 ?IS WAY !IR OPPOS+ 9T]E/S CAN BE H>MONIZ$4 ,9 ,*9A = 9/ANCE :]E ! F\R CLASS BLOCK IS 9 P[]1 ! PROLET>IAT1 F> FROM HAV+ ASSUM$ POLITICAL P[]1 IS SUBJECT$ TO ! 9CESSANT PRESSURE ( ! Y\NG 9DU/RIAL CAPITALISM1 HAV+ BORN ! CO/ ( 0,NATIONAL ,RECON/RUCTION0 JU/ LIKE ! PROLET>IATS ( ! O!R C\NTRIES4 ,! DIS>MAM5T ( ! REVOLUTION>Y =CES1 :I* WAS (F]$ TO ! B\RGEOISIE BY ! SOCIAL-PATRIOTS ( #aiad & ! M9I/]IALI/S SU* AS ,MILL]&1 ,BISSOLATI1 ,V&]VELDE1 ,MAC,DONALD & ,COMPANY :O W]E FU/IGAT$ & ELIM9AT$ BY ,L59 & ! ,COMMUNI/ ,9T]NATIONAL1 GR[S BLURR$ 9 ! FACE ( ! SC&AL\S & IMPUD5T COLLABORATION ( ! PRES5T SOCIAL PATRIOTS & M9I/]IALI/S4 ,! ,ITALIAN ,LEFT :I* ALREADY 9 #aibb WAS OPPOS$ TO ! 0WORK]S' & PEASANT GOV]NM5T0 7PASSWORD :I* WAS GIV5 ! MEAN+ ( 0DICTATOR%IP ( ! PROLET>IAT0 BUT :I* FO/]$ A FATAL AMBIGUITY OR WORSE MEANT SOME?+ QUITE DIFF]5T7 REJECTS ALL ! MORE ! OP5 CLASS COLLABORATION :I* PRES5T DAY OPPORTUNI/S DO NOT HESITATE TO ADVOCATE2 ! ,ITALIAN ,LEFT CLAIMS = ! PROLET>IAT & ITS P>TY ! UNCONDITIONAL MONOPOLY ( ! ,/ATE1 ! UNIT>Y & UNDIVID$ DICTATOR%IP ( ! PROLET>IAN CLASS4 ,I,V4 ,P,>,T,Y ,A,C,T,I,O,N #a4 ,S9CE ITS BIR?1 CAPITALISM HAS HAD AN IRREGUL> HI/ORICAL DEVELOPM5T1 ) ALT]NAT+ P]IODS ( CRISIS & 9T5SE ECONOMIC EXPANSION4 ,CRISES >E 9SEP>ABLE FROM CAPITALISM :I* WILL NOT H[EV] CEASE TO GR[ & TO EXP& SO LONG AS ! REVOLUTION>Y =CES WILL NOT DEAL IT ! F9AL BL[4 ,9 A P>ALLEL WAY1 ! HI/ORY ( ! PROLET>IAN MOVEM5T PRES5TS PHASES ( IMPETU\S B\NDS & PHASES ( )DRAWAL PROVOK$ BY BRUTAL DEFEATS OR SL[ DEG5]ACY DUR+ :I* ! R5EWAL ( REVOLUTION>Y ACTIVITY MAY BE DECADES AWAY4 ,! ,P>IS ,COMMUNE WAS VIOL5TLY PUT D[N & ITS DEFEAT OP5$ A P]IOD ( RELATIVELY PACIFIC DEVELOPM5T ( CAPITALISM :I* GAVE BIR? TO REVISIONI/ OR OPPORTUNI/IC !ORIES :OSE V]Y EXI/5CE PROV$ ! FALL+ BACK ( ! REVOLUTION4 ,! ,OCTOB] REVOLUTION WAS SL[LY DEFEAT$ OV] A P]IOD ( REGRESSION1 CULM9AT+ 9 ! VIOL5T SUPPRESSION ( ?OSE :O HAD F\E ON ! ?RE%OLD ( ! R5EWAL ( REVOLUTION>Y REVIVAL4 #b4 ,9 SPITE ( SU* RECURR5CES1 ! CAPITALI/ MODE ( PRODUCTION EXP&S & PREVAILS 9 ALL C\NTRIES1 UND] ITS TE*NICAL & SOCIAL ASPECTS1 9 A MORE OR LESS CONT9U\S WAY4 ,! ALT]NATIVES ( ! CLA%+ CLASS =CES >E 9/EAD CONNECT$ TO ! EV5TS ( ! G5]AL HI/ORICAL /RUGGLE1 TO ! CONTRA/ ?AT ALREADY EXI/$ :5 B\RGEOISIE BEGUN ITS RULE ON ! FEUDAL & PRECAPITALI/IC CLASSES1 & TO ! EVOLUTIVE POLITICAL PROCESS ( ! TWO HI/ORICAL RIVAL CLASSES1 B\RGEOISIE & PROLET>IAT2 BE+ SU* A PROCESS M>K$ BY VICTORIES & DEFEATS1 BY ]RORS ( TACTICAL & /RATEGICAL ME?OD4 ,! FIR/ CLA%ES GO BACK TO #a#g#h#i1 >RIV+1 ?R\< #a#h#d#h1 #a#h#g#a1 #aie & #a#i#a#g1 TO ! PRES5T DAY2 !Y GAVE ! B\RGEOISIE A *ANCE TO FURBI% ITS >MS AGA9/ ! PROLET>IAT 9 ! SAME MEASURE AS ITS ECONOMY DEVELOP$4 ,ON ! CONTR>Y1 ! PROLET>IAT1 9 ! FACE ( ! GIGANTIC EXT5SION ( CAPITALISM1 HAS NOT ALWAYS KN[N H[ TO USE ITS CLASS 5]GY ) SUCCESS1 FALL+ BACK1 AFT] EA* DEFEAT1 9TO ! NET ( OPPORTUNISM & TREASON1 & /AY+ BACK FROM ! REVOLUTION = AN EV] L5G!N+ P]IOD4 #c4 ,! CYCLE ( VICTORI\S /RUGGLES & ( DEFEATS1 EV5 ! MO/ DRA/IC ONES1 & ! OPPORTUNI/IC WAVES DUR+ :I* ! REVOLUTION>Y MOVEM5T IS SUBMITT$ TO ! 9FLU5CE ( ! 5EMY CLASS CON/ITUTE A VA/ FIELD ( POSITIVE EXP]I5CES :]E ! REVOLUTION MATURES4 ,AFT] ! DEFEATS1 ! REVOLUTION>Y COMEBACK IS LONG & DIFFICULT2 BUT ! MOVEM5T1 AL?\< IT IS NOT VISIBLE ON ! SURFACE1 IS NOT 9T]RUPT$1 IT MA9TA9S1 CRY/ALLIZ$ 9 A RE/RICT$ VANGU>D1 ! REVOLUTION>Y CLASS DEM&S4 ,! P]IODS ( POLITICAL DEPRESSION ( ! REVOLUTION>Y MOVEM5T >E NUM]\S4 ,FROM #ahdh TO #a#h#f#g1 FROM ! ,SECOND ,P>IS REVOLUTION TO ! EVE ( ! FRANCO-PRUSSIAN W>1 ! REVOLUTION>Y MOVEM5T IS NE>LY EXCLUSIVELY 9C>NAT$ 9 ,M>X1 ,5GELS & A SMALL CIRCLE ( COMRADES2 FROM #ahgb TO #a#h#g#i1 FROM ! DEFEAT ( ! ,COMMUNE TO ! BEG9N+ ( ! COLONIAL W>S & ! RETURN ( ! CAPITALI/ CRISIS :I* LEADS TO ! ,RUSSIAN-,JAPANESE W> ( #a#i#e1 & !N TO ! #aiad W>1 ! CONSCI5CE ( ! REVOLUTION IS REPRES5T$ BY ,M>X & ,5GELS4 ,FROM #aiad TO #aiah DUR+ ! FIR/ ,WORLD ,W> DUR+ :I* ! ,SECOND ,9T]NATIONAL CRUMBLES1 IT IS ,L59 ) SOME COMRADES ( FEW O!R C\NTRIES1 :O REPRES5T ! CONT9UITY & VICTORI\S PROGRESSION ( ! MOVEM5T4 #aibf 9TRODUC$ A NEW UNFAVORABLE P]IOD = ! REVOLUTION :I* SAW ! LIQUIDATION ( ! ,OCTOB] VICTORY4 ,ONLY ! ,ITALIAN ,LEFT COMMUNI/ MOVEM5T HAS MA9TA9$ 9TACT ! !ORY ( REVOLUTION>Y ,M>XISM & ! PROMISE ( A REVOLUTION>Y COME-BACK CAN HAVE CRY/ALLIZ$ 9 ?IS MOVEM5T ALONE4 ,DUR+ ! SECOND ,WORLD ,W> ! CONDITIONS BECAME /ILL WORSE1 ! :OLE PROLET>IAT ADH]+ TO ! IMP]IALI/ W> & ! FALSE ,/AL9I/IC SOCIALISM4 ,TODAY WE >E AT ! BOTTOM ( ! DEPRESSION & A COMEBACK ( ! REVOLUTION>Y MOVEM5T CANNOT BE 5VISAG$ 9 ! NE> FUTURE4 ,! L5G? ( ! P]IOD ( DEPRESSION :I* WE >E EXP]I5C+ CORRESPONDS TO ! S]I\SNESS ( ! DEG5]ATION AS WELL AS TO ! GREAT] CONC5TRATION ( ! CAPITALI/ =CES4 ,! ?IRD OPPORTUNI/IC WAVE UNITES ! WOR/ *>ACT]I/ICS ( ! TWO PREC$+ ONES AT ! SAME TIME AS ! PROCESS ( CAPITALI/ CONC5TRATION 9 :I* ! 5EMIES /R5G? LIES IS MU* /RONG] ?AN AFT] ! FIR/ ,WORLD ,W>4 #d4 ,TODAY1 9 SPITE ( DEPRESSION & ! LIMITATION ( ! MEANS ( ACTION AT ITS DISPOSAL1 ! P>TY1 FOLL[+ ! REVOLUTION>Y TRADITION1 HAS NO 9T5TION ( R5\NC+ ! HI/ORICAL PREP>ATION ( ! RESUMPTION ON A L>GE SCALE ( ! CLASS /RUGGLE1 :I* MORE =MIDABLE ?AN ALL PREC$+ ONES1 WILL PR(IT BY PA/ EXP]I5CE4 ,RE/RICTION TO ACTIVITY DOES NOT IMPLY ! R5\NCEM5T ( REVOLUTION>Y OBJECTIVES4 ,! P>TY ADMITS ?AT 9 C]TA9 SECTORS ITS ACTIVITY IS QUANTITATIVELY R$UC$1 BUT IT 9T5DS AS F> AS POSSIBLE TO FULFILL ALL ITS DIFF]5T TASKS1 & IT DOES NOT R5\NCE TO ANY ( !M4 #e4 ,! PR9CIPAL ACTIVITY TODAY IS ! REE/ABLI%M5T ( ! !ORY ( ,M>XI/ COMMUNISM4 ,AT PRES5T1 \R >M IS /ILL ?AT ( CRITICISM3 !RE=E ! P>TY WILL BR+ =W>D NO NEW !ORY1 BUT WILL REAFFIRM ! FULL VALIDITY ( ! FUNDAM5TAL !SES ( REVOLUTION>Y ,M>XISM1 AMPLY CONFIRM$ BY FACTS & FALSIFI$ & BETRAY$ BY OPPORTUNISM TO COV] UP RETREATS & DEFEATS4 ,! ,M>XI/ ,LEFT D5\NCES & COMBATS ! ,/AL9I/S AS REVISIONI/S & OPPORTUNI/S JU/ AS IT HAS ALWAYS CONDEMN$ ALL =MS ( B\RGEOIS 9FLU5CE ON ! PROLET>IAT4 ,! ,P>TY BASES ITS ACTION ON ANTI-REVISIONI/ POSITIONS4 ,FROM ! V]Y MOM5T ( ITS APPE>ANCE ON ! POLITICAL SC5E1 ,L59 F\T ! FIR/ TACTICAL DEVIATIONS 9SIDE ! ,?IRD ,9T]NATIONAL AS BE+ ! FIR/ SYMPTOMS ( A ?IRD REVISION1 :I* HAS BE5 FULLY ACCOMPLI%$ TODAY1 UNIT+ ! ]RORS ( ! FIR/ TWO4 ,! PROLET>IAT IS ! LA/ CLASS TO BE EXPLOIT$ 9 HI/ORY & NO SY/EM ( EXPLOITATION WILL FOLL[ CAPITALISM3 ?IS IS ! V]Y REASON :Y ! DOCTR9E :I* IS BORN ) ! PROLET>IAT ITSELF CAN BE NEI!R *ANG$ NOR RE=M$4 ,! DEVELOPM5T ( CAPITALISM FROM ITS ORIG9 UP TO N[ HAS CONFIRM$ & CONFIRMS ! ,M>XI/ !OREMS LAID \T 9 ! FUNDAM5TAL TEXTS ( ! PROLET>IAN P>TY4 ,! LA/ #d YE>S HAVE BR\Y PR9CIPLES ( ! PROLET>IAN REVOLUTION4 #f4 ,TODAY1 ! P>TY REGI/]S SOCIAL PH5OM5A SCI5TIFICALLY 9 ORD] TO CONFIRM ! FUNDAM5TAL !SES ( ,M>XISM4 ,IT ANALYZES1 CONFRONTS & COMM5TS ON REC5T & CONTEMPOR>Y FACTS1 REPUDIAT+ ! DOCTR9AL ELABORATION T5D+ TO F\ND NEW !ORIES OR TO 9DICATE ! 9SUFFICI5CY ( ,M>XISM AS AN EXPLANATION ( ! PH5OM5A4 ,! SAME WORK1 DEMOLITION ( OPPORTUNISM & DEVIATIONISM AS ACCOMPLI%$ BY ,L59 7& DEF9$ 9 0,:AT IS TO BE DONE07 IS /ILL AT ! BASIS ( \R P>TY ACTIVITY ?US FOLL[+ ! EXAMPLE ( MILITANTS ( PA/ P]IODS ( SETBACK ( ! PROLET>IAN MOVEM5T & ( RE9=CEM5T ( OPPORTUNI/ !ORIES1 ?AT F\ND 9 ,M>X1 ,5GELS1 ,L59 & 9 ! ,ITALIAN ,LEFT1 VIOL5T & 9FLEXIBLE 5EMIES4 #g4 ,AL?\< SMALL 9 NUMB] & HAV+ BUT FEW B\NDS ) ! PROLET>IAN MASSES1 9 FACT JEAL\SLY ATTA*$ TO ITS !ORETICAL TASKS1 :I* >E ( PRIME IMPORTANCE1 ! ,P>TY1 BECAUSE ( ?IS TRUE APPRECIATION ( ITS REVOLUTION>Y DUTIES 9 ! PRES5T P]IOD1 REFUSES TO BECOME A CIRCLE ( ?9K]S OR ( ?OSE SE>*+ = NEW TRU?S1 ( 0R5OVATORS0 CONSID]+ AS 9SUFFICI5T ! PA/ TRU?1 & ABSOLUTELY REFUSES TO BE CONSID]$ AS SU*4 ,NO MOVEM5T CAN TRIUMPH 9 ! HI/ORICAL REALITY )\T !ORETICAL CONT9UITY1 :I* IS ! COND5SATION ( ! EXP]I5CE ( PA/ /RUGGLES4 ,CONSEQU5TLY1 ! ,P>TY D5IES ANYONE CLAIM+ TO BE ,M>XI/ ! LIB]TY TO ELABORATE 7OR BETT] TO LUCUBRATE7 NEW S*EMES OR EXPLANATIONS ( ! CONTEMPOR>Y SOCIAL WORLD4 ,NO MEMB] ( ! ,P>TY1 BE HE ! MO/ HITY DEF5DS ! 9TEGRITY ( A !ORY :I* IS NOT ! PRODUCT ( A BL9D FAI? BUT ! V]Y SCI5CE ( ! PROLET>IAT1 $IFI$ ) SECUL> MAT]IALS1 NOT BY ?9K]S BUT BY HI/ORY ITSELF REFLECT$ 9 ! HI/ORICAL CONSCI5CE ( ! REVOLUTION>Y CLASS & CRY/ALLIZ$ 9 ! REVOLUTION>Y P>TY3 FACTS HAVE BUT CONFIRM$ ! DOCTR9E ( REVOLUTION>Y ,M>XISM4 #h4 ,9 SPITE ( ! SMALL NUMB] ( MEMB]S :I* CORRESPONDS TO ! C\NT]-REVOLUTION>Y CONDITIONS1 ! ,P>TY CONT9UES ITS WORK ( PROSELYTISM & ( ORAL & WRITT5 PROPAG&A1 IT CONSID]S ! WRIT+ & ! DI/RIBUTION ( ITS PRESS AS ITS PR9CIPAL ACTIVITY 9 ! ACTUAL PHASE1 BE+ ONE ( ! MO/ EFFECTIVE MEANS 79 A SITUATION :]E !RE >E FEW & F> BETWE57 TO %[ ! MASSES ! POLITICAL L9E !Y >E TO FOLL[ & DIFFUSE SY/EMATICALLY & MORE WIDELY ! PR9CIPLES ( ! REVOLUTION>Y MOVEM5T4 #i4 ,IT IS EV5TS1 & NOT ! DESIRE OR ! DECISION ( MILITANTS1 :I* DET]M9E ! DEP? ( ! ,P>TY'S P5ETRATION AMONG ! MASSES2 LIMIT+ IT TODAY TO A SMALL P>T ( ITS ACTIVITY1 ! ,P>TY LOSES NO OCCASION TO 9T]V5E 9 CLA%ES & VICISSITUDES ( ! CLASS /RUGGLE1 WELL AW>E ?AT !RE CAN BE NO RE/>T SO LONG AS ?IS 9T]V5TION HAS NOT GREATLY DEVELOP$ & EV51 HAS NOT BECOME ! DOM9ANT =M ( ,P>TY ACTION4 #a4 ,! ACCEL]ATION ( ! PROCESS DEP5DS NOT ONLY ON DEEP SOCIAL CAUSES1 ?AT IS TO SAY HI/ORICAL CRISES1 BUT ALSO ON ! PROSELYTISM & PROPAG&A ( ! P>TY1 EV5 ) ! R$UC$ MEANS AT ITS DISPOSAL4 ,! P>TY EXCLUDES ! POSSIBILITY ( /IMULAT+ ?IS PROCESS BY DEVICES & MANEUV]S T[>DS GR\PS1 LEAD]S OR P>TIES :I* USURP ! TITLE ( PROLET>IAN1 SOCIALI/ OR COMMUNI/4 ,!SE MANEUV]S1 TYPICAL ( ! TACTICS ( ! ,?IRD ,9T]NATIONAL AT A TIME :5 ,L59 WAS OBLIG$ TO RETIRE FROM POLITICAL LIFE1 HAD NO O!R RESULTS ?AN TO BREAK IT UP AS A !ORY & AS AN ORGANIZ$ =CE1 EA* 0TACTICAL EXP]IM5T0 ADD+ TO ! DIS9TEGRATION ( ! P>TY4 ,WE !RE=E LEAVE IT TO ! ,TROTSKYI/ MOVEM5TS & TO ! ,I,V? ,9T]NATIONAL TO BE PR\D ( & MAKE USE ( SU* ME?ODS :I* !Y ]RONE\SLY CONSID] AS COMMUNI/ ONES4 ,!RE >E NO READY-MADE RECIPES TO SPE$ UP ! RE/>T ( ! CLASS /RUGGLE4 ,NO MANEUV]S OR EXP$I5TS EXI/ :I* WILL MAKE ! PROLET>IAT RECOGNIZE ! VOICE ( ! CLASS4 ,SU* MANEUV]S & EXP$I5TS W\LD NOT LET ! ,P>TY APPE> SU* AS IT REALLY IS BUT W\LD REPRES5T A MISREPRES5TATION ( ITS FUNCTION TO ! DETRIM5T ( ! REAL />T+ UP ( ! REVOLUTION>Y MOVEM5T :I* IS BAS$ ON ! MATUR+ ( FACTS & A CORRESPOND+ ADJU/M5T ( ! ,P>TY CAPABLE ( DO+ ?IS ONLY BECAUSE ( ITS DOCTR9AL & POLITICAL 9FLEXIBILITY4 ,9SI/+ ON ,M>XI/ DET]M9ISM1 ! ,ITALIAN ,LEFT HAS ALWAYS D5I$ ?AT ! P>TY C\LD KEEP UP ITS 9FLU5CE ON ! MASSES BY MEANS ( EXP$I5TS1 & HAS ALWAYS D5\NC$ ?IS FALSE !ORY AS A DEVIATION ( PR9CIPLES4 ,ALONG ! L9ES ( PA/ EXP]I5CES1 ! ,P>TY !RE=E )HOLDS FROM MAK+ & ACCEPT+ 9VITATIONS1 OP5 LETT]S OR AGITATION SLOGANS AIM+ TO =M COMMITTEES1 FRONTS OR AGREEM5TS ) O!R POLITICAL ORGANIZATIONS :ATEV] !IR NATURE4 #a#a4 ,! ,P>TY DOES NOT HIDE ! FACT ?AT :5 ?+S />T MOV+ AGA9 ?IS WILL NOT ONLY BE FELT BY ITS [N AUTONOM\S DEVELOPM5T1 BUT BY ! />T+ UP AGA9 ( MASS ORGANIZATIONS4 ,AL?\< IT C\LD NEV] BE FREE ( ALL 5EMY 9FLU5CE & HAS (T5 ACT$ AS ! VEHICLE ( DEEP DEVIATIONS2 AL?\< IT IS NOT SPECIFICALLY A REVOLUTION>Y 9/RUM5T1 ! UNION CANNOT REMA9 9DIFF]5T TO ! P>TY :O NEV] GIVES UP WILL+LY TO WORK !RE1 :I* DI/+UI%ES IT CLE>LY FROM ALL O!R POLITICAL GR\PS :O CLAIM TO BE ( ! 0OPPOSITION04 ,! ,P>TY ACKN[L$GES ?AT TODAY1 ITS WORK 9 ! UNIONS CAN BE DONE BUT SPORADICALLY2 IT DOES NOT R5\NCE H[EV] TO 5T] 9TO ! ECONOMIC ORGANIZATIONS1 & EV5 TO GA9 LEAD]%IP AS SOON AS ! NUM]ICAL RELATION%IP BETWE5 ITS MEMB]S & SYMPA?IZ]S ON ! ONE H&1 ! UNION MEMB]S OR A GIV5 BRAN* ON ! O!R IS SUITABLE1 SO LONG AS ! UNION 9 QUE/ION DOES NOT EXCLUDE ALL POSSIBILITY ( AUTONOM\S CLASS ACTION4 #a#b4 ,! 9T]NATIONAL CURR5T TO :I* WE BELONG CANNOT BE *>ACT]IZ$ BY ITS AB/A9+ FROM VOT+1 AL?\< ! 0AB/5TIONI/ FRACTION0 ( ! ,ITALIAN SOCIALI/ P>TY PLAY$ A PREPOND]ANT P>T 9 ! F\NDATION ( ! ,ITALIAN SECTION ( ! ,I,I,IRD ,9T]NATIONAL1 :OSE /RUGGLE & OPPOSITION TO ! ,COMMUNI/ ,9T]NATIONAL ON MU* MORE FUNDAM5TAL ISSUES WE V9DICATE4 ,! CAPITALI/ ,/ATE TAK+ ON A CON/ANTLY MORE EVID5T =M ( CLASS DICTATOR%IP :I* ,M>XISM HAS D5\NC$ S9CE ! BEG9N+1 P>LIAM5T>ISM LOSES NECESS>ILY ALL IMPORTANCE4 ,! ELECT$ ORGANS & ! P>LIAM5T ( ! OLD B\RGEOIS TRADITION >E NO MORE ?AN SURVIVALS4 ,!Y HAVE NO CONT5T ANY LONG]1 ONLY ! DEMOCRATIC PHRASEOLOGY SUBSI/S & ?IS CANNOT HIDE ! FACT ?AT AT ! MOM5T ( SOCIAL CRISES1 ! ,/ATE DICTATOR%IP IS ! ULTIMATE RES\RCE ( CAPITALISM1 & ?AT ! PROLET>IAN REVOLUTION>Y VIOL5CE MU/ BE DIRECT$ AGA9/ ?IS ,/ATE4 ,9 !SE CONDITIONS ! ,P>TY DISC>DS ALL 9T]E/ 9 ELECTIONS ( ALL K9DS & DEVELOPS NO ACTIVITY 9 ?IS DIRECTION4 #a#c4 ,! CULT ( ! 9DIVIDUAL IS A V]Y DANG]\S ASPECT ( OPPORTUNISM2 IT IS NATURAL ?AT LEAD]S :O HAVE GR[N OLD1 MAY GO OV] TO ! 5EMY & BECOME CON=MI/S1 & !RE HAVE BE5 BUT FEW EXCEPTIONS TO ! RULE4 ,EXP]I5CE HAS %[N ?AT REVOLUTION>Y G5]ATIONS SUCCE$ EA* O!R RAPIDLY4 ,?AT IS :Y ! ,P>TY ACCORDS MAXIMUM ATT5TION TO ! Y\NG PEOPLE & MAKES ! GREATE/ POSSIBLE EF=T TO RECRUIT Y\NG MILITANTS & TO PREP>E !M = POLITICAL ACTIVITY1 )\T ANY P]SONAL AMBITION OR P]SONALITY CULT4 ,9 ! PRES5T HI/ORICAL MOM5T1 DEEPLY C\NT]-REVOLUTION>Y1 ! =M+ ( Y\NG LEAD]S CAPABLE ( UPHOLD+ ! CONT9UITY & REVOLUTION>Y TRADITION OV] A LONG P]IOD IS NECESS>Y4 ,)\T ! HELP ( A NEW REVOLUTION>Y G5]ATION ! />T+ UP ( ! MOVEM5T IS IMPOSSIBLE4 ,FROM 3 ,M>XI/S4ORG4 ,*RONOLOGY 3 ,M>* #c1 #bba 3 ,*>ACT]I/IC ,!SES ( ! ,P>TY -- ,ADD$4 ,JANU>Y #h1 #bbb 3 ,*>ACT]I/IC ,!SES ( ! ,P>TY -- ,UPDAT$4 FILE G5]AT$ FROM 3 HTTP3_/_/REVOLTLIB4COM_/