,CLASS ,UNIONISM 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,EUG5E ,V4 ,DEBS 

,TEXT 3 

,! YE> N[ DRAW+ TO A CLOSE WILL BE MEMORABLE 9 ! ANNALS ( LABOR BECAUSE ( ! ORGANIZATION ( ! ,9DU/RIAL ,WORK]S ( ! ,WORLD4 

,= ?IRTY YE>S ,I HAVE BE5 CONNECT$ ) ! LABOR MOVEM5T4 ,ALL ( ! YE>S ( MY Y\NG MANHOOD W]E DEVOT$ TO ! WORK ( ORGANIZ+ MY FELL[-WORK+M51 ?AT BY ! P[] ( UNIT$ EF=T !Y MI<T DO SOME?+ TO IMPROVE !IR CONDITION AS WORK]S1 PROMOTE !IR 9T]E/S AS CITIZ5S & ADVANCE !IR G5]AL WELF>E AS M54 ,!RE WAS A TIME :5 ,I BELIEV$ ?AT ! TRADE UNION WAS 9 ITSELF SUFFICI5T = ?IS WORK4 ,I HAVE BE5 COMPELL$ TO REVISE MY OP9ION & TO CONCLUDE ?AT SOME?+ L>G]1 MORE ?OR\< & COMPREH5SIVE 9 ! WAY ( ORGANIZATION IS REQUIR$ TO MEET ! DEM&S ( MOD]N TIMES4 

,! TRADE UNION1 ITSELF ! PRODUCT ( 9DU/RIAL EVOLUTION1 IS SUBJECT TO ! LAWS ( *ANGE1 & ! UNION ?AT MAY HAVE S]V$ SOME PURPOSE A QU>T] ( A C5TURY AGO IS N[ AS COMPLETELY \T ( DATE AS ! TOOLS ( 9DU/RY ?AT W]E !N 9 USE4 

,N[1 ,I ASSUME ?AT MO/ ( Y\ >E MORE OR LESS FAMILI> ) ! HI/ORY ( ! 9DU/RIAL DEVELOPM5T ( ! L&2 ?AT Y\ KN[ 9 A G5]AL WAY ?AT 9 ! BEG9N+ ( 9DU/RIAL SOCIETY 9 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES1 :5 ! TOOL ) :I* WORK WAS DONE WAS A SIMPLE H& TOOL1 MADE & US$ BY AN 9DIVIDUAL1 ! AV]AGE WORK+MAN C\LD LOOK =W>D TO ! TIME :5 HE MI<T BE AN EMPLOY] 9/EAD ( AN EMPLOYEE2 ?AT1 HAV+ MA/]$ HIS TRADE1 HE C\LD GRASP ! FEW SIMPLE TOOLS ) :I* HIS WORK WAS DONE1 VIRTUALLY EMPLOY HIMSELF1 [N :AT HE PRODUC$ & 5JOY ! FRUIT ( HIS LABOR4 

,AT ?AT TIME ONE MAN WORK$ = ANO!R1 NOT 9 ! CAPACITY ( A WAGE-WORK] AS WE UND]/& ?AT T]M TODAY1 BUT SIMPLY TO LE>N HIS TRADE1 & HAV+ BECOME ! MA/] ( ?IS1 HE WAS 9 A POSITION TO COMM& MO/1 IF NOT ALL1 HIS LABOR PRODUC$4 ,IT WAS :5 ! SIMPLE TOOL ( ! H& LABOR] WAS SUPPLANT$ BY ! MA*9E & ! WORK+MAN LO/ CONTROL ( ! TOOL ) :I* HE WORK$1 ?AT ! MOD]N 9DU/RIAL REVOLUTION HAD ITS BEG9N+4 ,! SMALL EMPLOY] BECAME ! CAPITALI/ & ! EMPLOYEE BECAME ! WAGE WORK]2 & !RE BEGAN ! DIVISION ( SOCIETY 9TO TWO DI/9CT ECONOMIC CLASSES1 & WE HAVE !SE CLASSES BE=E US TODAY1 9 CAPITALI/ SOCIETY1 FULLY DEVELOP$4 

,!SE TWO CLASSES1 CONSI/+ ( RELATIVELY FEW CAPITALI/S :O [N TOOLS 9 ! =M ( GREAT MA*9ES ?AT !Y DID NOT MAKE & ?AT !Y CANNOT USE1 & ( A VA/ >MY ( WAGE WORK]S :O DID MAKE !SE MA*9ES & :O DO USE !M1 BUT :O DO NOT [N !M--!SE TWO CLASSES' TOOL-[N]S & TOOL-US]S2 ?AT IS TO SAY1 MA/]S & SLAVES1 EXPLOIT]S & EXPLOIT$2 TO PUT IT 9TO P]FECTLY PLA9 T]MS1 ROBB]S & ROBB$-!SE TWO ECONOMIC =CES :OSE 9T]E/S CEASELESSLY CLA%1 >E PITT$ AGA9/ EA* O!R 9 A MI<TY /RUGGLE = ! MA/]Y4 ,IT IS BECAUSE ( ?IS CONFLICT ( ECONOMIC 9T]E/S BETWE5 !SE TWO CLASSES 9TO :I* MOD]N SOCIETY HAS BE5 DIVID$ 9 ! EVOLUTION ( ! CAPITALI/ SY/EM ?AT WE HAVE ! /RIKE1 ! BOYCOTT1 ! LOCK\T1 ! SCAB1 ! /RIKEBREAK] & SLUGG]1 & C\NTLESS O!R EVILS ?AT NE$ NOT BE 5UM]AT$ H]E1 ALL ( :I* SPR+ FROM ! FUNDAM5TAL CONTRADICTION ?AT 9H]5T 9 CAPITALI/ SOCIETY2 ?AT IS1 ! 9DIVIDUAL [N]%IP ( ! SOCIAL TOOL ( PRODUCTION & ! 9DIVIDUAL APPROPRIATION ( ! SOCIAL PRODUCT ( ! WORK+ CLASS4 

,BECAUSE ( ?IS1 ! CAPITALI/ :O DOES NO USEFUL WORK HAS ! ECONOMIC P[] TO TAKE FROM A ?\S& OR T5 ?\S& WORK+M5 ALL !Y PRODUCE1 OV] & ABOVE :AT IS REQUIR$ TO KEEP !M 9 WORK+ & PRODUC+ ORD]1 & HE BECOMES A MILLIONAIRE1 P]HAPS A MULTI-MILLIONAIRE4 ,HE LIVES 9 A PALACE 9 :I* !RE IS MUSIC & S++ & DANC+ & ! LUXURIES ( ALL CLIMES4 ,HE SAILS ! HI< SEAS 9 HIS PRIVATE YA*T4 ,HE IS ! REPUT$ 0CAPTA9 ( 9DU/RY0 :O PRIVATELY [NS A SOCIAL UTILITY1 HAS GREAT ECONOMIC P[]1 & COMM&S ! POLITICAL P[] ( ! NATION TO PROTECT HIS ECONOMIC 9T]E/S4 ,HE IS ! G5TLEMAN :O FURNI%ES ! 0POLITICAL BOSS0 & HIS SW>M ( M]C5>IES ) ! FUNDS ) :I* ! POLITICS ( ! NATION >E CORRUPT$ & DEBAU*$4 ,HE IS ! ECONOMIC MA/] & ! POLITICAL RUL]2 & Y\ WORK+M5 >E ALMO/ AS COMPLETELY AT HIS M]CY AS IF Y\ W]E HIS PROP]TY UND] ! LAW4 ,IT IS TRUE ?AT HE HAS NO TITLE TO Y\R BODIES2 BUT HE IS ! MA/] ( Y\R JOBS2 HE CONTROLS ! EMPLOYM5T UPON :I* Y\R LIVES DEP5D2 HE HAS IT 9 HIS P[] TO DECIDE :E!R Y\ %ALL WORK OR NOT2 ?AT IS TO SAY1 :E!R Y\ %ALL LIVE OR DIE4 ,& ! MAN :O HAS ! P[] ( LIFE & DEA? OV] Y\1 ?\< HE MAY NOT WE> A CR[N OR BE HAIL$ A K+1 IS AS COMPLETELY Y\R MA/] & Y\R RUL] AS IF Y\ W]E HIS *ATTELS & SUBJECT TO HIS COMM&S UND] ! LAWS ( ! /ATE4 

,:AT IS Y\R /ATUS AS A WORK+MAN TODAY8 

,Y\ >E NOT 9 ! POSITION ( Y\R GR&FA!R1 :O C\LD WORK ) TOOLS ( HIS [N1 & :O1 :5 HE PRODUC$ SOME?+1 [N$ IT4 ,WORK IS NO LONG] DONE ) ?AT K9D ( TOOLS4 ,IT IS DONE ) ! MO/ 9TRICATE & CO/LY MA*9]Y1 SU* AS Y\ HAVE 9 ?IS GREAT /EEL PLANT H]E 9 ,S\? ,*ICAGO4 ,?AT IS ! TW5TIE? C5TURY TOOL ( PRODUCTION4 ,WORK IS N[ DONE ) ?AT K9D ( GIGANTIC SOCIAL AG5CIES1 MADE BY Y\ WORK+M5 & US$ BY Y\ WORK+M54 ,NOBODY BUT WORK+M5 CAN MAKE !M2 NOBODY BUT WORK+M5 CAN USE !M4 ,Y\ HAVE MADE ALL !SE M>VEL\S MA*9ES & N[ Y\R EMPLOYM5T1 Y\R V]Y LIVES DEP5D UPON Y\R HAV+ ACCESS TO !M4 ,BUT !SE L>GE GR[N TOOLS1 MADE BY LABOR & US$ BY LABOR1 >E NOT [N$ BY LABOR 9 ! CAPITALI/ SY/EM1 BUT BELONG TO A CAPITALI/ OR GR\P ( CAPITALI/S :O LIVE 9 ,NEW ,YORK OR SOME O!R REMOTE PO9T2 & :5 IT SUITS !IR PLEASURE !Y CAN ORD] !IR TOOL H\SES LOCK$ UP & Y\ WORK+M5 LOCK$ \T )\T CONSULT+ Y\ & )\T A MOM5T'S W>N+4 

,Y\ HAVE NOT A WORD TO SAY4 ,AT SU* A TIME IT IS USELESS = Y\ TO LEAVE H]E & LOOK = WORK ELSE:]E1 = :5 ?IS MILL CLOSES D[N SO DO O!RS4 ,Y\ >E \T ( EMPLOYM5T & Y\ BEG9 TO SUFF]1 & MO/ ( Y\ DON'T KN[ :AT ! TR\BLE IS4 ,Y\ ONLY KN[ ?AT Y\ >E NO LONG] WANT$ AT ! MILL2 ?AT WORK]S >E A DRUG ON ! M>KET4 ,) !SE WOND]FUL TOOLS ) :I* Y\ N[ WORK1 EV]Y FEW YE>S Y\ HAVE PRODUC$ SO MU* ?AT ALL ( ! M>KETS AT HOME & ABROAD >E GLUTT$1 & ! CAPITALI/S CANNOT SELL :AT Y\ HAVE PRODUC$ 9 SU* ABUNDANCE1 & SO !Y /OP !IR MA*9]Y1 %UT UP !IR MILLS1 LOCK \T !IR 0H&S0 & P>ALYZE 9DU/RY1 & !RE Y\ >E1 IDLE1 HELPLESS1 HUNGRY1 HOPELESS1 DESP]ATE4 ,& !SE CONDITIONS WILL COME UPON Y\ & BECOME WORSE1 NO MATT] H[ WELL Y\ >E ORGANIZ$ 9 Y\R SEV]AL TRADE UNIONS2 & ?IS WILL CONT9UE AS LONG AS Y\ WORK+M5 ALL[ ! IDLE CAPITALI/S TO [N & CONTROL ! TOOLS ( 9DU/RY4 

,HAS IT EV] OCCURR$ TO Y\ WORK+M5 ?AT IF Y\ C\LD MAKE !SE TOOLS & USE !M Y\ CAN ALSO [N !M & PRODUCE WEAL? 9 PL5TY = Y\RSELVES8 

,! OLD TRADE UNION IS ORGANIZ$ ON ! BASIS ( ! ID5TITY ( 9T]E/S ( CAPITALI/S & WAGE WORK]S1 & SP5DS ITS TIME & DEVOTES ITS 5]GIES TO H>MONIZ+ !SE TWO CLASSES2 & IT IS A VA9 & HOPELESS TASK4 ,:5 !SE 9T]E/S CAN BE EV5 TEMPOR>ILY H>MONIZ$ IT IS ALWAYS 9 ! 9T]E/ ( ! CAPITALI/ CLASS1 & AT ! EXP5SE ( ! WORK+ CLASS4 

,MO/ CAPITALI/S HE>TILY APPROVE ! OLD =M ( TRADE UNIONISM & 5C\RAGE & LIB]ALLY SUPPORT IT1 = ! V]Y REASON ?AT ?IS \TGR[N UNIONISM DOES NOT TRULY REPRES5T & CANNOT ACTUALLY EXPRESS ! ECONOMIC 9T]E/S ( ! WORK+ CLASS4 

,! SIMPLE FACT IS ?AT 9DU/RIAL CONDITIONS HAVE UND]GONE SU* A COMPLETE *ANGE ?AT N[ ! TRADE UNION1 9/EAD ( UNIT+ ! WORK]S1 DIVIDES !M1 9CITES CRAFT JEAL\SY1 BRE$S DISS5SION & PROMOTES /RIFE--! V]Y ?+S CAPITALI/S DESIRE2 = SO LONG AS ! WORK+ CLASS IS DIVID$1 ! CAPITALI/S WILL BE SECURE 9 !IR DOM9ION ( ! E>? & ! SEAS1 & ! MILLIONS ( TOIL]S WILL REMA9 9 SUBJECTION4 

,N[1 LET ME SEE IF ,I CAN MAKE MYSELF P]FECTLY CLE> UPON ?IS IMPORTANT PO9T4 ,9 ! RAILROAD S]VICE !RE >E V>I\S ORGANIZATIONS ( EMPLOYES4 ,SOME ( ! DEP>TM5TS >E PRETTY ?OR\<LY ORGANIZ$4 ,! 5G9E]S1 ! FIREM51 CONDUCTORS1 BRAKEM51 SWIT*M51 TELEGRAPH]S & SOME O!RS >E ORGANIZ$ 9 !IR SEV]AL CRAFT UNIONS4 ,!Y HAVE REPEAT$LY TRI$ TO F$]ATE !SE ORGANIZATIONS1 SO AS TO BR+ !M 9TO H>MONI\S ALLIANCE ) EA* O!R1 BUT EV]Y SU* ATTEMPT HAS FAIL$4 ,! SELFI% SPIRIT ( CRAFT AUTONOMY1 ?AT IS1 ! JEAL\SY ( EA* P>TICUL> BRAN* TO ORGANIZE ITSELF1 E/ABLI% ITS [N PETTY SUPREMACY & LOOK \T = ITSELF1 HAS MADE IT IMPOSSIBLE TO F$]ATE !SE ORGANIZATIONS4 ,! MEMB]S ( !SE BRO!RHOODS HAVE 9CREAS+ GRIEVANCES & TRY TO HAVE !M ADJU/$ 9 ! OLD WAY4 ,! RAILROAD CORPORATIONS >E ALWAYS %REWD 5\< TO 5T] 9TO CONTRACTUAL RELATIONS ) UNIONS REPRES5T+ TWO OR ?REE OR F\R DEP>TM5TS1 SO ?AT 9 EV]Y EM]G5CY !Y CAN ALWAYS CONTROL !SE DEP>TM5TS1 :ILE REFUS+ 9CREASES1 MAK+ R$UCTIONS OR DIS*>G+ )\T CAUSE EMPLOYES 9 O!R DEP>TM5TS ( ! S]VICE4 

,IT HAS NOT BE5 LONG AGO S9CE ! UNION TELEGRAPH OP]ATORS ON ! ,MISS\RI1 ,KANSAS @& ,TEXAS DIRECT$ !IR COMMITTEE TO CALL ON ! RAILROAD (FICIALS = A SMALL WAGE CONCESSION ?AT HAD BE5 GRANT$ BY O!R SY/EMS4 ,BUT ! COMPANY1 HAV+ CONTRACTS ) ITS 5G9E]S & FIREM51 CONDUCTORS & BRAKEM51 P]EMPTORILY REFUS$ ! REQUE/ ( ! TELEGRAPH]S1 & AB\T #a1#c ( !M W5T \T ON /RIKE--QUIT ! S]VICE ( ! COMPANY1 AS A UNION1 TO 5=CE !IR DEM&S4 ,:AT WAS ! RESULT8 ,?IS L>GE BODY ( UNION WORK+M5 :O ?US W5T \T ON /RIKE TO 5=CE A RI<TE\S CLAIM1 ALL LO/ !IR JOBS1 EV]Y ONE ( !M4 ,IT WAS ONLY A %ORT TIME AFT] !Y /RUCK ?AT ,I HAPP5$ TO GO OV] ! SY/EM4 ,I MET ! /RIK]S AT V>I\S PO9TS & !Y TOLD ME ! /ORY ( !IR DEFEAT BY !IR [N FELL[ EMPLOYES1 :O BELONG$ TO O!R UNIONS4 ,I UND]/OOD IT ALL BE=E !Y TOLD ME4 ,:5 ! OP]ATORS W5T \T ALL ! O!RS REMA9$ AT !IR PO/S1 DO+ !IR USUAL WORK1 & HAUL+ & DELIV]+ SCABS1 :]EV] !Y W]E NE$$1 TO FILL ! PLACES VACAT$ BY !IR FELL[ WORK]S & FELL[ CRAFT UNIONI/S4 ,UNION 5G9E]S & CONDUCTORS TOOK !IR TRA9 ORD]S FROM SCAB OP]ATORS2 ALL ! UNION M5 /OOD LOYALLY BY ! COMPANY 9 ITS ATTACK ON ONE ( !IR NUMB]1 & SO ! OP]ATORS W]E R\T$ & SCATT]$ TO ! F\R W9DS & !IR UNION WIP$ FROM ! SY/EM4 

,H]E WE HAVE A P]FECT ILLU/RATION ( CRAFT UNIONISM 9 ACTION4 ,ANO!R EXAMPLE IS FURNI%$ BY ! ,SANTA ,FE SY/EM1 :]E BUT A FEW MON?S AGO ! UNION MA*9I/S W5T \T FROM ONE 5D ( ! SY/EM TO ! O!R4 ,! 5G9E]S & FIREM51 CONDUCTORS & BRAKEM5 & ALL ! RE/ ( !M HOLD+ UNION C>DS1 REMA9$ FAI?FULLY AT WORK UNTIL A NEW SET ( MA*9I/S WAS EMPLOY$ & BROK5 91 & N[ EV]Y?+ IS RUNN+ AS SMOO?LY AS BE=E4 

,/ILL ANO!R CASE ( REC5T DATE IS ?AT ( ! ,GREAT ,NOR!RN & ,NOR!RN ,PACIFIC SY/EMS1 :]E ! TELEGRAPH OP]ATORS1 AFT] HAV+ FAIL$ 9 SECUR+ AN ADJU/M5T ( !IR GRIEVANCES1 W5T \T ON /RIKE 9 A BODY1 UND] ORD]S FROM !IR UNION4 ,:AT HAPP5$ !RE8 ,JU/ :AT HAD HAPP5$ ON ! ,M41 ,K4 @& ,T4 ,! 5G9E]S1 FIREM51 CONDUCTORS & BRAKEM5 CONT9U$ AT !IR PO/S & DIS*>G$ !IR DUTIES ) FIDELITY :ILE !IR BRO!R UNIONI/S1 ! OP]ATORS1 W]E M[$ D[N & !IR PLACES FILL$ ) SCABS4 

,IT IS ?IS ?AT IS TAK+ PLACE BE=E \R EYES EV]Y DAY4 ,H]E 9 ,*ICAGO Y\ HAVE WITNESS$ ! CRU%+ DEFEAT ( ONE REGIM5T AFT] ANO!R ( ! >MY ( ORGANIZ$ LABOR4 ,9DE$1 DUR+ ! LA/ TWO OR ?REE YE>S ALL ! GREAT /RIKES HAVE FAIL$4 ,!RE HAS NOT BE5 A S+LE EXCEPTION TO RELIEVE ! RULE1 NOT ONE4 

,N[1 :5 Y\ SEE SU* ?+S AS !SE2 :5 Y\ SEE WORK+M5 9 CRAFT UNIONS GO \T ON /RIKE AGA9 & AGA9 & MEET ) CON/ANT DEFEAT1 DOES IT NOT OCCUR TO Y\ ?AT !RE IS SOME?+ WRONG ) ?AT K9D ( UNIONISM8 ,?AT ?AT K9D ( UNIONISM CAN HE IMPROV$ UPON8 ,DOESN'T IT OCCUR TO Y\ ?AT 9/EAD ( FI<T+ ! CAPITALI/ 5EMY1 :O >E ALWAYS UNIT$1 :O ALWAYS ACT TOGE!R ?AT 9/EAD ( FI<T+ !M BY COMPANIES & REGIM5TS1 ! ?+ = US TO DO IS TO FI<T !M AS !Y FI<T US1 ) A UNIT$ >MY8 

,9 ?IS RESPECT1 IF NO O!R1 WE MAY WELL PR(IT BY ! EXAMPLE SET BY ! 5EMY4 ,!Y UNITE1 BECAUSE !Y >E CONSCI\S ( !IR 9T]E/S AS A CLASS4 ,:5 ! TEAM/]S /RUCK 9 ?IS CITY LA/ SUMM]1 ! BANK]S SUBSCRIB$ @s#e1 TO DEFEAT !M4 ,N[1 ! TEAM/]S W]E NOT /RIK+ AGA9/ ! BANK]S2 BUT ! TEAM/]S W]E /RIK+ AGA9/ ! CAPITALI/ CLASS2 & ! BANK]S RU%$ LOYALLY TO ! SUPPORT ( !IR CLASS4 ,& ?IS BR+S AN IMPORTANT FACT TO \R ATT5TION1 & ?AT IS ?AT ! /RUGGLE 9 :I* WE >E 5GAG$ TODAY IS A CLASS /RUGGLE2 & LABOR UNIONISM TO BE ( ANY REAL VALUE TO ! WORK+ CLASS1 MU/ BE ORGANIZ$1 NOT ALONG CRAFT L9ES1 BUT ALONG CLASS L9ES4 

,! ,9DU/RIAL ,WORK]S IS A WORK+ CLASS ORGANIZATION1 SO ALL-9CLUSIVE1 SO COMPREH5SIVE1 ?AT IT WILL EMBRACE EV]Y MAN & WOMAN :O DOES USEFUL WORK = A LIVELIHOOD4 ,C]TA9 DEP>TM5TS HAVE BE5 E/ABLI%$ & C]TA9 SUBDIVISIONS HAVE BE5 MADE1 SO ?AT ! ID5TITY ( ! TRADE1 ! AUTONOMY ( ! CRAFT1 MAY BE PRES]V$ )9 ! ORGANIZATION4 ,JO9+ ! ,9DU/RIAL ,WORK]S Y\ TAKE Y\R PLACE 9 Y\R PROP] DEP>TM5T4 ,?AT DEP>TM5T :I* REPRES5TS Y\R EMPLOYM5T IS ORGANIZ$1 IT HAS CONTROL ( CRAFT 9T]E/S )9 ITS JURISDICTION1 SO ?AT1 SO F> AS CRAFT AUTONOMY IS CONC]N$1 IT ADJU/ ITSELF )9 ! G5]AL ORGANIZATION2 

,SUPPOSE Y\ JO9 ! ,9DU/RIAL ,WORK]S AS A SWIT*MAN4 ,Y\ BELONG TO ! TRANSPORTATION DEP>TM5T4 ,Y\ HAVE A GRIEVANCE1 AS A SWIT*MAN1 & ! SWIT*M5 HAVE *>GE ( ?AT GRIEVANCE4 ,! SWIT*M51 ORGANIZ$ 9 !IR RESPECTIVE DEP>TM5T1 HAV+ SUP]VISION ( !IR CRAFT AFFAIRS1 SEEK TO ADJU/ ?AT GRIEVANCE4 ,IF !Y FAIL1 !N1 9/EAD ( HAV+ TO RELY UPON ! SWIT*M5 ALONE 9 ! SUPPORT ( ?AT GRIEVANCE1 AS N[ HAPP5S1 !Y CAN CALL TO !IR AID1 NOT ONLY ALL ! SWIT*M51 BUT ! FIREM51 ! CONDUCTORS1 ! BRAKEM5 & 5G9E]S4 ,!Y CAN CALL TO !IR AID ! BOIL]MAK]S1 ! MA*9I/S & ! BLACKSMI?S1 ! %OPM5 & Y>DM5 & (FICE M52 &1 IF IT BECOMES NECESS>Y1 !Y CAN COMM& ! COMB9$ SUPPORT ( ALL ! ORGANIZ$ WORK]S ( ?AT 5TIRE SY/EM4 

,?IS IS ! K9D ( UNIONISM ?AT IS REQUIR$ TO DEAL EFFECTIVELY ) ! 9DU/RIAL SITUATION ( TODAY4 

,N[1 ,I AM WELL AW>E ?AT !RE IS TREM5D\S OPPOSITION TO ?IS ORGANIZATION4 ,I KN[ ?AT UPON EV]Y H& Y\ HE> IT SAID ?AT WE ALREADY HAVE PL5TY ( ORGANIZATIONS 9 ! FIELD1 & ?AT IF !Y >E NOT RI<T WE \<T TO SET !M RI<T 9/EAD ( />T+ A NEW ONE4 ,?IS K9D ( REASON+ MAY HAVE SOME EFFECT ) ! UN?9K+1 BUT IF Y\ >E A /UD5T ( ?IS GREAT QUE/ION Y\ KN[ ?AT IT IS HI/ORICALLY IMPOSSIBLE = AN OLD & \TGR[N & \T-(-DATE LABOR ORGANIZATION TO ADAPT ITSELF TO A NEW ECONOMIC SITUATION4 

,RE=M UNIONS R>ELY1 IF EV]1 BECOME REVOLUTION>Y BODIES4 

,IT IS ADMITT$ ?AT !RE >E ?\S&S ( UNIONS 9 ! FIELD4 ,!SE UNIONS ALL HAVE /AFFS ( (FIC]S1 :OSE NAMES >E LEGION & ON ! PAYROLL4 ,!Y ALL DRAW SAL>IES & EXP5SE MONEY4 ,!Y DON'T WANT ! WORK+ CLASS UNIT$--?AT W\LD MEAN AN >MY ( JOBLESS LEAD]S4 ,Y\ W\LD BE AMAZ$ IF Y\ KNEW H[ MANY ( SU* UNION (FICIALS !RE >E2 & Y\ W\LD BE /ILL MORE AMAZ$ IF Y\ KNEW ! AGGREGATE AM\NT ( SAL>Y & EXP5SES1 MILLIONS ( DOLL>S1 !Y DRAW EV]Y YE>4 ,N[1 !Y1 LIKE Y\1 >E LOOK+ \T = !IR JOBS4 ,IT IS P]HAPS TOO MU* TO EXPECT !M TO DIS*>GE !MSELVES4 ,IT IS TO !IR P]SONAL 9T]E/ TO KEEP ! WORK]S ( ! C\NTRY DIVID$ 9TO A ?\S& DIFF]5T ORGANIZATIONS1 SO ?AT A ?\S& DIFF]5T SETS ( (FICIALS WILL BE REQUIR$2 SO ?AT A ?\S& SETS ( (FICIALS MAY DRAW SAL>Y FROM ! SCANT WAGES ( ! WORK+ CLASS4 ,Y\ MAY BE TOLD ?AT ! REASON ,I AM 9 FAVOR ( A NEW UNION IS ?AT ,I AM A DISCR$IT$ LABOR LEAD] & ?AT ,I AM TRY+ TO CREATE A NEW JOB = MYSELF4 ,! TRU? IS ?AT IF ,I HAD BE5 9CL9$ TO S]VE ! CORPORATIONS 9/EAD ( ! WORK]S ,I C\LD HAVE BE5 9 A HI< (FICIAL POSITION ALL !SE YE>S4 ,I C\LD HAVE BE5 DRAW+ A L>GE SAL>Y & 5JOY+ TO ! FULL ! POPUL>ITY ( :AT IS MISCALL$ SUCCESSFUL LABOR LEAD]%IP4 

,Y\ RAILROAD M5 KN[ ?AT ! LATE ,P4 ,M4 ,>?UR1 GR& *IEF ( ! ,BRO!RHOOD ( ,LOCOMOTIVE ,5G9E]S1 WAS CALL$ BY ! CAPITALI/ PRESS A V]Y SUCCESSFUL LABOR LEAD]4 ,HE WAS SUCCESSFUL ONLY 9 ! S5SE ?AT HE S]V$ ) F> GREAT] FIDELITY ! CORPORATIONS ?AN HE DID ! EMPLOYES :O PAID HIS SAL>Y4 ,I CAN REMEMB] ! TIME :5 MO/ ( ! PRES5T GR& (FIC]S ( ! RAILROAD BRO!RHOODS D5\NC$ ,MR4 ,>?UR ( ! ,5G9E]S1 BECAUSE ( HIS CONS]VATIVE & REACTION>Y POLICY4 ,ALL ( !SE GR& (FIC]S OCCUPY TODAY PRECISELY ! SAME POSITION ?AT HE DID1 & :I* !Y CONDEMN$4 ,!Y >E N[ JU/ AS ACCEPTABLE TO ! RAILROADS AS WAS ,MR4 ,>?UR4 ,!SE CORPORATIONS NOT ONLY DO NOT OBJECT TO1 BUT ACTUALLY FAVOR ! LEAD]S ( !SE BRO!RHOODS4 ,9 FACT1 ! CORPORATION (FICIALS F9D !SE ORGANIZATIONS V]Y S]VICEABLE TO !M1 & !Y W\LD F> RA!R HAVE !M ?AN NOT4 ,!Y C\LD WIPE !M \T--& !Y W\LD IF !Y W]E A M5ACE TO !M--BUT !Y WILL NOT DO IT4 

,A LITTLE ?+ OCCURR$ ! O!R DAY :I* WILL PROVE :AT ,I SAY4 ,I DO NOT KN[ :E!R Y\ HAPP5 TO BE AW>E ( IT1 BUT ! ,BRO!RHOOD ( ,5G9E]S & ! ,BRO!RHOOD ( ,FIREM5 ON ! ,NOR!RN ,PACIFIC A FEW WEEKS AGO1 CLA%$ 9 ! MATT] ( JURISDICTION2 & ?AT MATT] IS BECOM+ MORE & MORE A PLAGUE TO CRAFT UNIONISM4 ,! GR& (FIC]S ( ! TWO BRO!RHOODS MET AT ,/4 ,PAUL1 & !Y HAD QUITE A HEAT$ CONTROV]SY1 :I* HAD A MO/ S5SATIONAL CLIMAX1 ,GR& ,*IEF ,W>R5 ,/ONE1 ( ! 5G9E]S1 HOTLY DECL>+ TO ,GR& ,MA/] ,HANNAHAN1 ( ! FIREM51 ?AT IF IT CAME TO A 0%[-D[N60 ! 5G9E]S W\LD REMA9 AT !IR PO/S & IF ! FIREM5 W5T \T ON /RIKE1 ! 5G9E]S W\LD /AY ) ! CORPORATION & DEFEAT ! FIREM54 ,N[1 ! G5]AL MANAG] ( ! ,NOR!RN ,PACIFIC1 HAD HE BE5 SO 9CL9$1 C\LD HAVE 5C\RAG$ !SE TWO CRAFT UNIONS TO CLA% & WIPE EA* O!R FROM ! SY/EM4 ,BUT ! RAILWAY (FICIAL WAS TOO WISE TO ALL[ ?IS TO BE DONE4 ,HE K9DLY 9T]C$$ & TOLD !M ?AT !Y \<T NOT TO QU>REL ) EA* O!R1 ?AT !Y %\LD 9 TRU? LOVE EA* O!R2 & SO HE SUCCE$$ 9 SAV+ ! UNIONS & RE/OR+ H>MONI\S RELATIONS4 ,! G5]AL MANAG] APPRECIAT$ ! VALUE ( CRAFT ORGANIZATION & PROPOS$ TO PRES]VE IT = FUTURE USE4 

,NOTE AGA93 ! RAILROADS GRANT ANNUAL PASSES TO ALL ! GR& (FIC]S ( !SE SEV]AL ORGANIZATIONS4 ,:Y8 ,BECAUSE !Y LOVE Y\ RAILROAD EMPLOYES8 ,NOT AT ALL2 BUT BECAUSE !Y >E WISE 5\< TO UND]/& !IR 9T]E/S AS CORPORATIONS1 AS CAPITALI/S4 ,SO Y\ F9D ?AT ! GR& (FIC]S ( CRAFT UNIONS RIDE FREE OV] ! RAILROADS2 & :5 ! SEV]AL BRO!RHOODS HOLD !IR CONV5TIONS !Y >E PROVID$ ) FREE TRA9S & ,PULLMAN C>S & TRANSPORT$ TO ! CONV5TION CITY & BACK AGA9 FREE ( *>GE4 ,?IS IS ONE ( ! BE/ 9VE/M5TS ! RAILROAD C\LD MAKE4 ,IT CO/S !M V]Y LITTLE TO FURNI% ! DELEGATES ) FREE TRANSPORTATION2 & EV]Y P5NY ( IT COMES \T ( Y\R E>N+S4 ,!Y KN[ ?AT AS Y\ >E N[ ORGANIZ$ Y\ CAN DO LITTLE = Y\RSELVES1 BUT ?AT Y\ CAN DO MU* = !M4 ,?AT IS :Y !Y >E SO P>TIAL TO ! OLD ORGANIZATIONS4 

,LET ME PO9T \T ONE ( ! WAYS !Y USE Y\ :5 !Y NE$ Y\4 ,PRESID5T ,ROOSEVELT IS *AMPION+ A MEASURE ?AT IS TO EMP[] ! ,9T]/ATE ,COMM]CE ,COMMISSION TO FIX ! RATES ( RAILROADS 9 C]TA9 CASES4 ,?IS MEASURE IS OPPOS$ BY ! RAILROAD CORPORATIONS4 ,!Y DO NOT WANT ! GOV]NM5T TO 9T]F]E ) !IR RI<T TO FIX RATES TO SUIT !MSELVES4 ,:AT DO !Y DO8 ,!Y S5D = ! GR& *IEFS ( ! SEV]AL BRO!RHOODS & A CONF]5CE IS HELD4 ,!N ! PRESS DISPAT*ES ANN\NCE ?AT ! RAILROAD & BRO!RHOOD (FICIALS >E ONE 9 !IR OPPOSITION TO ! PROPOS$ RATE-FIX+ LEGISLATION4 ,A FEW DAYS LAT] A JO9T SESSION IS HELD ( ! /&+ COMMITTEES ( ! SEV]AL BRO!RHOODS & !Y DECIDE TO /& BY ! RAILROADS2 & SO !Y CALL UPON ,PRESID5T ,ROOSEVELT & S]VE NOTICE UPON HIM ?AT !Y & ! UNIONS !Y REPRES5T >E OPPOS$ TO RATE LEGISLATION4 ,9 ?IS ! UNIONS APPE> = ! RAILROADS2 ! BRO!RHOODS BE+ ! PUPPETS ( ! CORPORATIONS2 & 9 ! MEANTIME ! RAILROAD MAGNATES ANN\NCE ?R\< ! PRESS ?AT ! EMPLOYES >E UP 9 >MS & WILL ASS]T ! POLITICAL P[] ( !IR UNIONS 9 OPPOSITION TO ! RATE-FIX+ MEASURE4 ,NOT ?AT !RE IS ANY?+ ( 9T]E/ 9 RATE LEGISLATION SO F> AS Y\ >E CONC]N$1 BUT !RE IS A VITAL PO9T 9VOLV$4 ,:5 ! RAILROADS F9D IT NECESS>Y TO USE ! BRO!RHOOD AS BREA/WORKS1 OR AS WEAPONS ) :I* TO FI<T !IR BATTLES1 !Y ISSUE !IR ORD]S & ! GR& (FIC]S & UNIONS FALL 9 L9E TO ! TUNE ( 0\R 9T]E/S >E MUTUAL & WE MU/ /& TOGE!R40 ,! UNIONS !N >E MADE ! ACTIVE ALLIES ( ! CORPORATIONS 9 ROBB+ & DEFY+ ! PEOPLE4 

,IT IS JU/ BECAUSE ! CORPORATIONS F9D !SE ORGANIZATIONS EXCE$+LY USEFUL ?AT !Y MAKE PETTY CONCESSIONS TO !M4 ,I RECOGNIZ$ ?IS FACT A NUMB] ( YE>S AGO1 & CONCLUD$ !N ?AT :AT WAS NE$$ = ! EMPLOYES WAS A REAL WORK+ CLASS UNION EMBRAC+ !M ALL4 ,! ,AM]ICAN ,RAILWAY ,UNION WAS ORGANIZ$4 ,!RE >E ?OSE PRES5T :O W]E 9 ! GREAT /RIKE ( #a#h#i#d1 & Y\ KN[ H[ BITT]LY WE W]E F\<T BY ! RAILROAD CORPORATIONS4 ,Y\ REMEMB] ?AT !Y W]E NOT SATISFI$ ) M]ELY' DEFEAT+ US--& !Y NEV] W\LD HAVE BEAT5 US HAD !Y NOT BE5 9 CONTROL ( ! GOV]NM5T4 ,BUT = ?IS VICTORY W\LD HAVE BE5 WON = ! WORK+ CLASS4 ,!Y W]E DEFEAT$1 COMPLETELY2 & :5 !Y REALIZ$ ?IS !Y HAD !IR #d1#b ?UGS & ?IEVES & CONVICTS SWORN 9 AS DEPUTY ,UNIT$ ,/ATES M>%ALS1 & !Y 9CIT$ ! RIOTS & L$ ! MOBS1 & !N ! C\RTS ISSU$ !IR 9JUNCTIONS1 :ILE ! CAPITALI/ PRESS FLA%$ ! LURID REPORTS OV] ! WIRES ?AT ,*ICAGO WAS AT ! M]CY ( A MOB4 ,! RE/ FOLL[$ AS A MATT] ( C\RSE4 

,BUT !Y W]E NOT SATISFI$ ) M]E DEFEAT ( ! /RIKE4 ,!Y MU/ CRU% ! LIFE \T ( ! UNION4 ,= TWO YE>S AFT] ,I WAS RELEAS$ BY ! C\RTS--AFT] BE+ EI<TE5 MON?S 9 !IR CU/ODY--,I WAS FOLL[$ BY !IR DETECTIVES1 TO PREV5T REORGANIZATION2 & ?OSE :O W]E REPORT$ AS JO9+1 OR EV5 AS BE+ FRI5DLY1 W]E 9/ANTLY DIS*>G$4 

,!Y DEFEAT$ US1 BUT !Y DIDN'T VANQUI% US4 ,WE >E /RONG] TODAY ?AN WE EV] W]E1 & WE >E COM+ AGA94 ,WE >E ON ! MA9 TRACK4 ,WE >E NOT AFT] A FEW P5NIES MORE A DAY ?IS TIME4 ,WE >E AFT] ! :OLE WORKS4 

,YES1 = TWO YE>S AFT] ,I WAS F9ALLY RELEAS$1 !Y FOLL[$ ME FROM ONE 5D ( ! C\NTRY TO ! O!R4 ,!Y KEPT !IR DETECTIVES AT MY HEELS4 ,& ! ORD] PREC$$ ME EV]Y:]E ?AT ! EMPLOYES :O HAD ANY?+ TO DO ) ,DEBS W\LD BE DIS*>G$4 ,I CONCLUD$ TO GO 9TO ?OSE SECTIONS :]E ! ,AM]ICAN ,RAILWAY ,UNION HAD NOT BE5 ORGANIZ$1 & :]E !RE HAD BE5 NO /RIKE2 & ,I />T$ S\?4 ,:5 ,I REA*$ ,L\ISVILLE1 ! MORN+ PAP] CONTA9$ A PRESS DISPAT* ) />TL+ HEADL9ES REPORT+ A S]IES ( RESOLUTIONS PASS$ BY ! RAILROAD EMPLOYES ( ?AT SECTION1 SAY+3 0,:]EAS1 WE >E ADVIS$ ?AT ,F4 ,V4 ,DEBS1 ! AN>*I/1 ( ,*ICAGO1 IS ON HIS WAY S\? TO DISRUPT ! PLEASANT & H>MONI\S RELATIONS ?AT EXI/ BETWE5 ! RAILROAD EMPLOYES & ! COMPANIES2 !RE=E1 BE IT RESOLV$1 ?AT WE H]EBY S]VE NOTICE ON SAID AN>*I/1 ,DEBS1 ?AT WE REPUDIATE HIM & ?AT WE WILL HAVE NO?+ TO DO ) HIM NOR ! AN>*I/ ORGANIZATION HE REPRES5TS40 

,AFT] !SE RESOLUTIONS APPE>$ ,I HAD A NUMB] ( LETT]S FROM ! POOR SLAVES :O W]E EMPLOY$ UPON !SE RAILROADS1 APOLOGIZ+ = ! RESOLUTIONS1 & SAY+ ?AT ! RAILROAD (FICIALS HAD PREP>$ ! RESOLUTIONS1 & HAD SUBMITT$ !M TO ! EMPLOYES = !IR SIGNATURES1 & !N GIV5 !M TO ! PRESS4 

,BUT EV5 ?IS WAS NOT SUFFICI5T4 ,!Y DIS*>G$ ?OSE :O ATT5D$ \R MEET+S4 ,!Y HAD !IR SPECIAL M5 AT ! DOORS ( MEET+ PLACES TO TAKE ! NAMES ( ?OSE :O ATT5D$4 ,!Y W]E DET]M9$ TO /AMP \T ! LA/ SP>K ( ! UNION'S LIFE4 ,& !Y DID SUCCE$ 9 DE/ROY+ ! ORGANIZATION1 BUT !Y C\LD NOT KILL ! SPIRIT ( ! ,AM]ICAN ,RAILWAY ,UNION4 ,?AT /ILL LIVES4 

,& N[ A F> GREAT] ORGANIZATION HAS COME TO TAKE ITS PLACE--AS MU* GREAT] AS ! ,AM]ICAN ,RAILWAY ,UNION WAS GREAT] ?AN ! OLD UNION--& ?AT ORGANIZATION IS ! ,9DU/RIAL ,WORK]S ( ! ,WORLD4 ,?IS GREAT UNION IS ORGANIZ$ ON ! BASIS ( ! CLASS /RUGGLE4 ,IT MAKES ITS APPEAL TO ! 9TELLIG5CE ( ! WORK+ CLASS4 ,IT COMM&S Y\ WORK+M5 TO OP5 Y\R EYES & SEE = Y\RSELVES2 TO USE Y\R BRA9S1 & ?9K = Y\RSELVES2 TO CULTIVATE SELF-RELIANCE & DEP5D UPON Y\RSELVES4 

,?AT IS Y\R ONLY SAFETY4 ,Y\ HAVE BE5 TAU<T 9 ! OLD UNION S*OOL TO LOOK TO SOME LEAD]2 TO DEP5D UPON SOME MA/]4 ,Y\ HAVE BE5 TRA9$ TO SUBMIT2 TO FOLL[ & OBEY ORD]S4 ,Y\ HAVE NOT DEVELOP$ Y\R [N CAPACITY = CLE> ?9K+2 Y\ >E LACK+ 9 ! ESS5TIALS ( /URDY MANHOOD4 ,MANY ( Y\ HAVE BECOME SATISFI$ TO BL9DLY FOLL[ :]E O!RS LEAD2 & SO Y\ >E (T5 DECEIV$1 BETRAY$2 & :5 ! SMOKE ( BATTLE CLE>S AWAY Y\ F9D Y\RSELVES DEFEAT$ & \T ( JOBS4 ,Y\ HAVE (T5 FELT DI%E>T5$2 Y\ HAVE QUIT ! UNION 9 DESPAIR & DISGU/1 & SOME ( Y\ HAVE TURN$ 9TO SCABS4 

,?\S&S :O ONCE BELONG$ TO UNIONS HAVE BECOME1 NOT ONLY NONUNION M51 BUT SCABS & /RIKE-BREAK]S1 & 9 !IR DESP]ATION HAVE TURN$ UPON ! UNION >ID BECOME ITS MO/ BITT] 5EMIES4 ,IF Y\ WILL CALL ! ROLL ( ! /RIKE-BREAK]S :O GA!R H]E 9 ,*ICAGO & ELSE:]E :5 UNION WORK]S >E \T ON /RIKE1 Y\ WILL F9D ?AT NE>LY ALL ( !M >E EX-UNION M52 M5 :O ONCE WORE ! BADGE ( UNION LABOR1 BELIEV$ 9 IT & M>*$ PR\DLY B5EA? ! UNION BANN]4 

,:AT DO Y\ ?9K ( A UNIONISM ?AT CREATES AN >MY = ITS [N OV]?R[8 ,!RE IS SOME?+ FUNDAM5TALLY WRONG ) ?AT K9D ( UNIONISM4 

,LONG S9CE1 & AFT] YE>S ( /UDY & EXP]I5CE1 ,I BECAME CONV9C$ ?AT ! OLD UNIONS W]E NOT FIT TO COPE SUCCESSFULLY ) ! 5EMY ( ! WORK+ CLASS1 & ?AT A NEW ORGANIZATION WAS AN IMP]ATIVE NECESSITY4 

,9 ! ,9DU/RIAL ,WORK]S WE HAVE A UNION L>GE 5\< TO EMBRACE ITS ALL2 A UNION ORGANIZ$ UPON DEMOCRATIC PR9CIPLES RECOGNIZ+ ! EQUAL RI<TS ( ALL & EXT5D+ ITS B5EFITS EQUALLY TO ALL4 

,9DU/RIAL UNIONISM IS ! PR9CIPLE UPON :I* ! ,9DU/RIAL ,WORK]S IS ORGANIZ$4 

,?IS MEANS ACTUAL UNITY ( \R NOSE & ACTION4 ,IT MEANS ! ECONOMIC SOLID>ITY ( \R CLASS4 

,IT MEANS ?AT ! GRIEVANCE ( ONE IS ! CONC]N ( ALL2 & ?AT FROM ?IS TIME =W>D CRAFT DIVISION1 IS TO BE ELIM9AT$2 ?AT WE >E TO GET TOGE!R & FI<T & W9 TOGE!R = ALL4 ,9DU/RIAL UNIONISM MEANS ?AT SU* A PLANT AS Y\ HAVE H]E 9 ,S\? ,*ICAGO1 9 :I* T5 OR TWELVE ?\S& M5 >E EMPLOY$1 %ALL BE ?OR\<LY & EFFICI5TLY ORGANIZ$4 

,:AT IS ! CONDITION !RE TODAY8 ,Y\ HAVE 9NUM]ABLE UNIONS REPRES5T$ !RE41 BUT NO UNITY4 ,Y\ HAVE ?IS GREAT BODY ( WORK]S P>CEL$ \T AMONG SCORES ( PETTY & PURPOSELESS UNIONS1 :I* >E 9 CEASELESS CONFLICT ) EA* O!R1 JEAL\S TO PRES]VE !IR CRAFT ID5TITY4 ,AS LONG AS ?IS GREAT >MY ( WORK]S IS SCATT]$ AMONG SO MANY CRAFT UNIONS1 IT WILL BE IMPOSSIBLE = !M TO UNITE & ACT 9 H>MONY TOGE!R4 ,CRAFT UNIONISM IS ! NEGATION ( CLASS SOLID>ITY4 ,! MORE UNIONS Y\ HAVE1 ! LESS UNITY2 & H]E1 9 FACT1 Y\ HAVE NO UNITY AT ALL4 ,9 ?IS /ATE Y\ CAN DO NO?+ TO IMPROVE Y\R WORK+ CONDITION4 ,Y\ >E SUB/ANTIALLY AT ! M]CY ( ! CORPORATIONS4 

,:AT Y\ NE$ IS 9DU/RIAL UNIONISM & Y\ WILL HAVE IT :5 Y\ GET TOGE!R 9 ! ,9DU/RIAL ,WORK]S4 

,:5 WORK+M5 JO9 ! ONE ECONOMIC WORK+ CLASS ORGANIZATION ?AT UNITES !M UPON ! BASIS ( ! CLASS /RUGGLE1 !Y CAN DO SOME?+ TO BETT] !IR WORK+ CONDITION2 NOT ONLY WILL !Y HAVE ! ECONOMIC P[] TO DO ?IS1 BUT !Y WILL REPRES5T A NEW & A VITAL =CE TO :I* !Y >E N[ TOTAL /RANG]S--! REVOLUTION>Y =CE ?AT 9DU/RIAL UNIONISM G5]ATES 9 ! BODY4 

,!RE IS SOME?+ F> DIFF]5T BETWE5 A /RIKE ON ! P>T ( UNIONS 9 :I* M5 >E IGNORANT1 BL9DLY /RIK+ AGA9/ SOME?+ ?AT !Y ONLY VAGUELY UND]/&1 ) NO COMPREH5SION ( ! CLASS /RUGGLE--!RE IS SOME?+ VA/LY DIFF]5T BETWE5 ?AT K9D ( A /RIKE & ! /RIKE ( A BODY ( CLASS-CONSCI\S1 REVOLUTION>Y WORK+M51 :O1 :ILE !Y >E /RIK+ = AN IMM$IATE ADVANTAGE1 AT ! SAME TIME HAVE !IR EYES CLE>LY FIX$ UPON ! GOAL4 ,& :AT IS ?AT GOAL8 ,IT IS ! OV]?R[ ( ! CAPITALI/ SY/EM1 & ! EMANCIPATION ( ! WORK+ CLASS FROM WAGE-SLAV]Y4 

,! ,9DU/RIAL ,WORK]S IS ESS5TIALLY AN $UCATIONAL ORGANIZATION--& ONE ( ! VITALLY IMPORTANT ?+S IT WILL TEA* ! WORK]S IS ! COMPLETE OP]ATION & CONTROL ( ! 9DU/RY 9 :I* !Y >E EMPLOY$4 ,HAVE Y\ EV] ?\<T AB\T ?AT8 ,HAS IT EV] BE5 BR\<T TO Y\R ATT5TION 9 CRAFT UNIONS8 

,I HAVE ALREADY REM9D$ Y\ ?AT Y\ WORK+M5 HAVE MADE ALL ! MA*9]Y !RE IS 9 OP]ATION EV]Y:]E2 ?AT ONLY Y\ CAN USE IT4 ,N[1 :Y %\LD NOT Y\ [N IT8 ,:Y %\LDN'T Y\ BE Y\R [N EMPLOY]S8 ,:Y %\LDN'T Y\ BE ! MA/]S ( Y\R [N JOBS8 ,:Y DEP5D UPON ! CAPITALI/ = A *ANCE TO WORK8 ,:Y CLO! HIM ) P[] TO DIS*>GE & />VE Y\ AT WILL8 ,:Y 5GAGE HIM TO TAKE FROM Y\ ALL Y\ PRODUCE EXCEPT 5\< TO KEEP Y\ AT WORK8 

,?AT IS ALL ?AT REMA9S = Y\4 ,Y\ GET A WAGE1 & ?AT WAGE SUFFICES TO KEEP Y\ WORK+ = ! CAPITALI/4 ,! TOOL Y\ WORK ) HAS GOT TO BE OIL$1 & Y\ HAVE GOT TO BE F$4 ,! WAGE IS SIMPLY Y\R LUBRICANT4 ,! WAGE OILS Y\ & KEEPS Y\ 9 WORK+ ORD]4 ,! CAPITALI/ DOESN'T 9T5D ?AT Y\ %ALL EV] BE ANY?+ BUT HIS WAGE-SLAVE4 ,HE W\LD SC\T ! SUGGE/ION ?AT Y\ >E HIS EQUAL4 ,HE DOESN'T ASSOCIATE ) Y\4 ,HE BELONGS TO ANO!R CLASS2 & ! CLASS TO :I* HE BELONGS IS CALL$ ! UPP] CLASS4 ,Y\1 AS A WORK+MAN1 BELONG TO ! L[] CLASS4 ,! WORK+ CLASS HAS ALWAYS BE5 ! L[] CLASS1 & IS TODAY2 & Y\ WILL BE ! L[] CLASS AS LONG AS Y\ >E CONT5T TO BE ?AT CLASS4 ,IT IS 9 Y\R P[] TO MAKE Y\RSELVES ! UPP] CLASS1 & 9 FACT ! ONLY CLASS4 ,Y\ >E 9 AN OV]:ELM+ MAJORITY4 ,!RE >E ONLY A FEW CAPITALI/S AS COMP>$ TO Y\4 ,& YET1 !Y [N PRACTICALLY EV]Y?+ & RULE ! L&2 & WILL KEEP ON [N+ & RUL+ ! L& AS LONG AS Y\ WORK+M5 ALL[ !M TO2 & Y\ WILL ALL[ !M TO AS LONG AS Y\ P]SI/ 9 REMA9+ DIVID$ 9 TRADE UNIONS & BE+ US$ AGA9/ EA* O!R1 9/EAD ( UNIT+ & ACT+ SOLIDLY ) & = EA* O!R & AGA9/ ! CAPITALI/S4 

,! ,9DU/RIAL ,WORK]S IS ORGANIZ$--& WE DECL>E IT BOLDLY--TO FI<T ! CAPITALI/ CLASS4 ,WE WANT IT DI/9CTLY UND]/OOD ?AT WE CLAIM NO?+ 9 COMMON ) ?AT CLASS4 ,!Y HAVE ECONOMIC 9T]E/S SEP>ATE FROM & OPPOS$ TO ! ECONOMIC 9T]E/S ( ! WORK+ CLASS4 ,& WE PROPOSE ?AT ! WORK+ CLASS %ALL BE ORGANIZ$ ECONOMICALLY & POLITICALLY TO RETIRE ! CAPITALI/ CLASS FROM BUS9ESS4 

,\R BUS9ESS IS TO PUT'! EXPLOIT]S ( LABOR \T ( BUS9ESS4 

,Y\1 ,MR4 ,WORK+MAN1 DON'T NE$ A CAPITALI/2 & IF Y\ ?9K Y\ DO1 IT IS BECAUSE ( Y\R IGNORANCE4 ,IT IS BECAUSE Y\ DON'T UND]/& Y\R [N 9T]E/4 ,Y\ DON'T NE$ HIM4 ,Y\ IMAG9E ?AT HE GIVES Y\ A JOB2 BUT HE DOES NO?+ ( ! K9D4 ,Y\ GIVE HIM A JOB4 ,Y\ EMPLOY HIM TO TAKE FROM Y\ :AT Y\ PRODUCE2 & HE FAI?FULLY /ICKS TO HIS JOB4 ,:Y1 ! CAPITALI/ C\LD NOT EXI/ SECOND )\T Y\4 ,CAN Y\ IMAG9E A CAPITALI/ )\T WORK+M58 

,CAPITALISM IS BAS$ UPON ! EXPLOITATION ( ! WORK+ CLASS2 & :5 ! WORK+ CLASS CEASES TO BE EXPLOIT$1 !RE WILL NO LONG] BE ANY CAPITALI/S4 

,N[1 :ILE ! CAPITALI/ C\LD NOT EXI/ )\T Y\1 Y\ W\LD JU/ BEG9 TO LIVE ')\T HIM4 ,HE IS ON Y\R BACK2 HE RIDES Y\1 & HE RIDES Y\ EV5 :5 HE RIDES 9 ! AUTOMOBILE ?AT Y\ MAKE4 ,Y\ MAKE IT4 ,Y\ NEV] KNEW ( A CAPITALI/ ?AT EV] MADE AN AUTOMOBILE4 ,! CAPITALI/ DOESN'T MAKE IT1 BUT RIDES 9 IT2 ! WORK+MAN DOES MAKE IT1 BUT DOES NOT RIDE 9 IT4 

,IF IT W]E NOT = Y\1 ! CAPITALI/ W\LD HAVE TO WALK1 & IF IT W]E NOT = HIM1 Y\ W\LD RIDE4 

,Y\ DON'T NE$ ! CAPITALI/2 HE IS1 9 FACT1 A CURSE TO Y\4 ,:AT HAS ! CAPITALI/ [N] ( A MOD]N PLANT TO DO ) ITS OP]ATION8 ,ABSOLUTELY NO?+4 ,HE MI<T AS WELL LIVE 9 ! MOON1 AS F> AS Y\ >E CONC]N$4 ,!RE MAY BE A GR\P ( !M1 BUT !Y HAVE NO?+ TO DO ) ! MILL4 ,!Y SIMPLY GET :AT IS PRODUC$ !RE1 BECAUSE Y\ WILL HAVE IT SO4 ,Y\ >E ORGANIZ$ ON ?AT BASIS4 ,9 Y\R MOSS-COV]$ OLD UNIONS Y\ SAY1 0,\R 9T]E/S >E MUTUAL40 ,C]TA9LY1 IF Y\ CAN /& ?IS >RANGEM5T ! CAPITALI/ CAN4 ,HE HAS NO GRIEVANCE4 ,HE DOES NO?+ & GETS EV]Y?+1 & Y\ DO EV]Y?+ & GET NO?+4 

,IF Y\ CAN /& ?IS HE CAN2 & IF Y\ DON'T PUT AN 5D TO IT HE WON'T4 ,& :Y %\LD HE8 ,& :Y %\LDN'T Y\8 ,MR4 ,WORK+MAN1 Y\ >E A MAN4 ,Y\ \<T NOT TO BE SATISFI$ TO BE A M]E WEAL?-PRODUC+ ANIMAL4 ,Y\ HAVE A BRA91 & Y\ \<T TO DEVELOP IT4 ,Y\ %\LD ASPIRE TO RISE ABOVE ! ANIMAL PLANE4 ,IF Y\ CAN WORK 9 A MILL & PRODUCE WEAL? = A CAPITALI/1 :O HOLDS Y\ 9 CONTEMPT1 Y\ CAN ALSO WORK 9 ?AT MILL AS FREE MAN & PRODUCE WEAL? = Y\RSELF & Y\R WIFE & FAMILY TO 5JOY4 ,IF NOT1 :Y NOT8 

,IT IS UPON ?IS BASIS ?AT ! ,9DU/RIAL ,WORK]S IS ORGANIZ$4 ,IT IS ) ?IS SUPREME MISSION ?AT ! ,9DU/RIAL ,WORK]S HAS 5T]$ ! FIELD4 

,WE HAVE DECL>$ W> UPON ! CAPITALI/ CLASS1 & UPON ! CAPITALI/ SY/EM4 ,WE >E ( ! WORK+ CLASS4 ,WE SAY3 ,>\SE1 Y\ WORK+M56 ,IT IS 9 Y\R P[] TO PUT AN 5D TO ?IS SY/EM4 ,IT IS Y\R DUTY TO BUILD TIP ?IS GREAT REVOLUTION>Y ECONOMIC ORGANIZATION ( Y\R CLASS1 TO SEIZE & TAKE CONTROL ( ! TOOLS ) :I* Y\ WORK1 & MAKE Y\RSELVES ! MA/]S 9/EAD ( BE+ ! SLAVES ( 9DU/RY4 

,WIPE \T ! WAGE SY/EM1 SO ?AT Y\ CAN WALK ?IS E>? FREE M56 

,NOT ONLY IS IT Y\R RI<T1 NOT ONLY HAVE Y\ ! OPPORTUNITY1 BUT IT IS Y\R SOLEMN DUTY TO DO ?IS1 UNLESS Y\ >E BASE 5\< TO BE GUILTY ( TREASON TO Y\RSELF & TO Y\R CLASS4 

,LET ME SAY TO Y\1 MY FELL[ WORK]S1 ?AT ! H\R HAS /RUCK = A GREAT *ANGE 9 ! WORLD ( ORGANIZ$ LABOR4 ,LONG 5\< HAVE WE SUFF]$ \RSELVES TO BL9DLY & /UPIDLY FOLL[ A LEAD]%IP ?AT HAS MISL$ & DECEIV$ & BETRAY$4 ,LONG 5\< HAVE WE BE5 CLUBB$ BY ! POLICE1 & IT MAY BE P]T95T TO OBS]VE ?AT :5 ! CLUB ( A POLICEMAN DESC5DS UPON ! HEAD ( A WORK+MAN HE HE>S ! E*O ( ! VOTE HE CA/ AT ! PREC$+ ELECTION4 

,IT IS ONLY NECESS>Y = US TO DO A BIT ( S]I\S REASON+ ON \R [N ACC\NT TO SATISFY \RSELVES ?AT ! ,9DU/RIAL ,WORK]S IS ! ONLY WORK+ CLASS ORGANIZATION 9 ! FIELD4 ,IT REQUIRES BUT A LITTLE 9TELLIG5T REFLECTION TO SATISFY \RSELVES ?AT WE HAVE GOT TO BUILD UP ?IS ORGANIZATION1 UNLESS WE HAVE GIV5 UP 9 ! /RUGGLE & SUCCUMB$ TO DEFEAT & DESPAIR4 ,IS IT POSSIBLE ?AT WE C\LD = A MOM5T MAKE UP \R M9DS ?AT WE & ?OSE :O >E TO COME AFT] US >E =EV] DOOM$ TO WAGE SLAV]Y8 ,! V]Y SUGGE/ION IS ABHORR5T TO EV]Y WORK] ) A SP>K ( MANLY BLOOD C\RS+ 9 HIS VE9S4 ,:Y1 Y\ M51 Y\ WORK+M51 >E MORE ?AN ! SALT ( ?IS E>?4 ,)\T Y\ SOCIETY W\LD P]I%4 ,SOCIETY DOES NOT NE$ ! IDLE CAPITALI/S4 ,!Y >E P>ASITES4 ,!Y >E WORSE ?AN USELESS4 ,!Y SIMPLY TAKE :AT Y\ MAKE1 LEAV+ Y\ 9 POV]TY2 ?\S&S ( Y\ IDLE IF NOT N[1 :5 ! TIMES BECOME H>D4 ,& EV]Y FEW YE>S ! TIMES BECOME H>D 9 ! CAPITALI/ SY/EM1 = REASONS Y\ CAN EASILY UND]/&1 BUT ,I HAVE NOT ! TIME TO FULLY EXPLA9 ?IS EV5+4 

,A PANIC COMES1 9DU/RY IS P>ALYZ$1 BECAUSE ) MA*9]Y Y\ CAN PRODUCE SO MU* MORE ?AN Y\R PALTRY WAGE WILL ALL[ Y\ TO CONSUME4 ,Y\ MAKE ALL ?+S 9 GREAT ABUNDANCE1 BUT Y\ CAN NOT CONSUME !M4 ,Y\ CAN ONLY CONSUME ?AT P>T ( Y\R PRODUCT :I* Y\R WAGE1 ! PRICE ( Y\R LABOR P[]1 WILL BUY4 ,IF Y\ CANNOT CONSUME :AT Y\ PRODUCE1 IT FOLL[S ?AT 9 TIME !RE IS B\ND TO BE OV]PRODUCTION1 BECAUSE ! FEW CAPITALI/S CANNOT ABSORB ! L>GE SURPLUS4 ,! M>KET IS GLUTT$1 BUS9ESS COMES TO A /&/ILL & MILLS & FACTORIES %UT D[N4 ,AT SU* A TIME ,*ICAGO IS HIT1 & HIT H>D2 & Y\ WORK+M5 F9D Y\RSELVES \T ( EMPLOYM5T1 A DRUG ON ! M>KET4 ,NOBODY WANTS Y\R LABOR P[]1 BECAUSE IT CANNOT BE UTILIZ$ AT A PR(IT TO ! CAPITALI/ :O [NS ! TOOLS1 & :5 HE CANNOT USE Y\R LABOR P[] AT A SATISFACTORY PR(IT TO HIMSELF HE DOESN'T BUY IT4 ,& IF HE DOESN'T BUY Y\R LABOR P[] Y\ >E IDLE1 & :5 Y\ >E IDLE Y\ DON'T DRAW ANY WAGES1 & Y\ CAN'T BUY GROC]IES & PAY R5T2 Y\ CAN'T BUY CLO?+ & %OES1 & Y\ BEG9 TO LOOK SE$Y & %ABBY4 ,BY DEGREES Y\ BECOME A VAGRANT & A W&]] & LOSE :AT LITTLE SELF-RESPECT Y\ HAD4 ,& !N Y\ HE> ?AT Y\R WIFE HAS BE5 EVICT$1 & ?AT IS A ?+ ?AT HAPP5S EV]Y DAY 9 ! WEEK4 ,Y\R *ILD IS N[ UPON ! /REETS & Y\R =M] COTTAGE HOME IS DES]T$4 ,Y\ N[ />T \T ON :AT PROVES TO BE A NEV]-5D+ J\RNEY4 ,! ROAD Y\ >E N[ TRAVEL+ /RET*ES WE>ILY ON1 & FROM ! H$GES B>K ! DOGS ( CAPITALISM4 ,Y\ >E A TRAMP4 

,>E !RE NOT ?\S&S & ?\S&S ( TRAMPS ALL OV] ?IS C\NTRY TODAY8 ,!RE W]E NONE HALF A C5TURY AGO4 ,!RE IS A GREAT >MY ( !M N[4 ,!Y HAVE BE5 RECRUIT$ 9 CAPITALI/ SOCIETY2 !Y >E ! PRODUCT ( ! CAPITALI/ SY/EM4 

,A MAN IS \T ( WORK A GOOD :ILE & HE GETS HUNGRY2 HE /ILL HAS A LITTLE SELF-RESPECT & /EALS RA!R ?AN BEG4 ,?AT IS H[ M5 BECOME TRAMPS & ?IEVES & CRIM9ALS2 ?AT IS :Y WE HAVE AN >MY ( TRAMPS2 ?AT IS :Y ALL ! P5IT5TI>IES >E CR[D$2 :Y ! 9SANE ASYLUMS >E OV]FL[+ & :Y ?\S&S COMMIT SUICIDE4 ,ALL !SE %OCK+ EVILS >E ! \TGR[? ( ! CAPITALI/ SY/EM1 TO :I* ! ,9DU/RIAL ,WORK]S PROPOSES TO PUT AN EV]LA/+ 5D4 

,IF Y\ ?9K ?AT !SE HORRORS \<T TO BE2 IF Y\1 AS A WORK+MAN1 ?9K ?AT Y\ \<T TO HAVE A MA/]--JU/ AS ! IGNORANT *ATTEL SLAVE ON ! PLANTATION 9 ! S\? US$ TO ?9K ?AT HE HAD TO HAVE A MA/] TO ROB HIM ( :AT HE PRODUC$--IF Y\ ?9K ?AT Y\ >E SO HELPLESS ?AT Y\ W\LD DIE UNLESS Y\ HAD A MA/] TO GIVE Y\ A JOB & TAKE FROM Y\ ALL EXCEPT JU/ 5\< TO KEEP Y\ WORK+ = HIM2 IF Y\ ?9K ?AT WORK+M5 \<T TO FI<T EA* O!R2 IF Y\ ?9K ?AT UNITY1 ! UNITY ( ! WORK+ CLASS1 W\LD BE A BAD ?+ = ! WORK+ CLASS2 IF Y\ ?9K ?AT Y\R 9T]E/ IS ID5TICAL ) ! 9T]E/ ( ! CAPITALI/ :O ROBS Y\2 IF Y\ ?9K ?AT Y\ \<T TO BE 9 SLAVI% SUBMISSION TO ! CAPITALI/ :O DOES NO?+ & GETS :AT Y\ PRODUCE2 IF Y\ ?9K ?AT1 !N C]TA9LY Y\ \<T TO /AY 9 ! OLD TRADE UNION & KEEP \T ( ! ,9DU/RIAL ,WORK]S4 

,BUT IF Y\ HAVE A BIT ( 9TELLIG5CE1 JU/ 5\< TO REALIZE ?AT Y\ >E A WORK+MAN & ?AT1 AS A WORK+MAN1 Y\ >E A HUMAN BE+2 IF Y\ >E CAPABLE ( UND]/&+ ?AT Y\ HAVE ! 9H]5T P[] ( SELF-DEVELOPM5T1 ?AT ! BRA9 Y\ HAVE CAN BE DEVELOP$ SO ?AT Y\ CAN ?9K DE>LY = Y\RSELF2 IF Y\ WILL USE ?AT 9TELLIG5CE JU/ 5\< TO SATISFY Y\RSELF ?AT Y\ \<T TO BE ! MA/] ( Y\R [N JOB2 !N1 9/EAD ( BE+ A WAGE-SLAVE Y\ WILL SOON BE A MAN AMONG M51 & IF Y\ HAVE 9TELLIG5CE 5\< TO CONCEIVE & TO EXPRESS ?AT ?\<T !N1 LET ME SAY TO Y\1 A REVOLUTION>Y LI<T WILL BE K9DL$ 9 Y\R EYES & Y\ WILL FEEL ! ?RILL ( A NEW-BORN JOY1 & = ! FIR/ TIME 9 Y\R LIFE Y\ WILL /& P]FECTLY ]ECT & KN[ :AT IT IS TO BE SELF-RELIANT & T\* ELB[S ) Y\R FELL[ WORK]S ?R\<\T ! WORLD4 

,REMEMB] ?AT NO MATT] :O OR :AT A WORK] MAY BE1 IF HE WORKS = WAGES HE IS 9 PRECISELY ! SAME ECONOMIC POSITION ?AT Y\ >E4 ,HE IS 9 Y\R CLASS2 HE IS Y\R BRO!R2 HE IS Y\R COMRADE4 

,AS AN 9DIVIDUAL WORK] Y\ CANNOT ESCAPE FROM WAGE-SLAV]Y4 ,IT IS TRUE ?AT ONE 9 T5 ?\S& WAGE WORK]S MAY BECOME A CAPITALI/1 TO BE PO9T$ \T AS A MAN WOR? A MILLION :O US$ TO BE A CL]K1 BUT HE IS ! EXCEPTION ?AT PROVES ! RULE4 ,! WAGE WORK] 9 ! CAPITALI/ SY/EM REMA9S ! WAGE WORK]4 

,!RE IS NO ESCAPE = Y\ FROM WAGE-SLAV]Y BY Y\RSELF1 BUT :ILE Y\ CANNOT ALONE BREAK Y\R FETT]S1 IF Y\ WILL UNITE ) ALL O!R WORK]S :O >E 9 ! SAME POSITION ?AT Y\ >E2 ?AT IS1 IF--9/EAD ( BE+ B\ND UP 9 A LITTLE UNION ( A SCORE1 OR A HUNDR$1 OR ?\S&1 ?AT IS ALMO/ AS HELPLESS TO DO ANY?+ = Y\ AS Y\ >E TO DO ANY?+ BY Y\RSELF--IF Y\ WILL JO9 ! ORGANIZATION ?AT REPRES5TS Y\R :OLE CLASS1 Y\ CAN DEVELOP ! P[] ?AT WILL A*IEVE Y\R FRE$OM & ! EQUAL FRE$OM ( ALL4 

,! WORK+ MAN :O DOES ?IS IS A MISSION>Y 9 ! FIELD ( S\ND WORK+ CLASS ORGANIZATION2 HE WE>S ! BADGE ( ! ,9DU/RIAL ,WORK]S2 HE HAS A NEW IDEA ( UNIONISM4 ,9/EAD ( BE+ SATISFI$ ) ! ANCI5T1 \T-(-DATE1 REACTION>Y ME?ODS1 HE WILL HAVE ! ADVANC$ & PROGRESSIVE IDEAS ( 9DU/RIAL REVOLUTIONISM4 ,?AT IS TO SAY1 HE WILL UND]/& ?AT :5 ! WORK]S >E UNIT$ 9 ONE GREAT ECONOMIC ORGANIZATION & ONE GREAT POLITICAL ORGANIZATION2 :5 !Y /RIKE TOGE!R & VOTE TOGE!R1 !Y CAN PUT !IR CLASS 9 P[] 9 EV]Y C\NCIL1 9 EV]Y LEGISLATURE & 9 ! NATIONAL CONGRESS2 !Y CAN ABOLI% ! CAPITALI/ SY/EM1 TAKE OV] ! 9DU/RIES TO !MSELVES & RULE ! L& =EV]MORE4 

,! ,9DU/RIAL ,WORK]S PROPOSE FIR/ TO UNITE ALL WORK]S )9 ONE ORGANIZATION1 CLASSIFI$ 9 ! V>I\S DEP>TM5TS REPRES5T+ !IR SEV]AL TRADES & OCCUPATIONS1 TO BR+ !M ALL 9TO H>MONI\S ECONOMIC RELATION ) EA* O!R4 ,! NEXT ?+ IS TO CO-ORD9ATE !M )9 !IR SEV]AL 9DU/RIES ) AN EYE TO OP]AT+ !SE 9DU/RIES :5 !Y SECURE CONTROL ( !M4 ,?AT IS ! C5TRAL FUNCTION ( ! NEW UNION1 & BY F> ! MO/ IMPORTANT ONE4 

,! OLD UNION NEV] MAKES ANY REF]5CE TO 9DU/RIAL SELF-CONTROL1 BECAUSE1 SO F> AS ! OLD UNION IS CONC]N$1 WAGE-SLAV]Y IS TO PREVAIL =EV]4 

,! ,9DU/RIAL ,WORK]S DECL>ES ?AT IT IS ORGANIZ$ TO PUT AN 5D TO ! WAGE SY/EM1 TO FREE ! WORK]S1 TO MAKE !M ! MA/]S ( ! MILLS & O!R PLANTS 9 :I* !Y >E EMPLOY$4 ,9 ORD] TO FIT !M TO OP]ATE !SE 5T]PRISES 9 !IR [N 9T]E/S :5 !Y >E TURN$ OV] TO !M1 IT IS NECESS>Y ?AT !Y UND]GO A ?OR\< PROCESS ( 9DU/RIAL $UCATION & SELF-IMPOS$ RE/RA9T & DISCIPL9E4 

,DON'T Y\ ?9K WE >E CAPABLE ( EFFECT+ ?IS *ANGE8 ,I DO4 ,I NOT ONLY ?9K IT4 ,I KN[ IT4 ,& ,I KN[1 MOREOV]1 ?AT IT IS 9EVITABLE4 

,UPON ! ONE H& ! CAPITALI/S >E COMB9+4 ,IT WILL BE BUT A %ORT TIME UNTIL PRACTICALLY ALL ! L&S1 RAILROADS1 TELEGRAPHS1 /EEL MILLS1 SUG> REF9]IES1 BREW]IES1 & O!R GREAT E/ABLI%M5TS WILL BE CONTROLL$ BY A GIGANTIC TRU/ COMPOS$ ( A FEW TRIUMPHANT CAPITALI/S4 ,BUT :ILE !Y >E COMB9+ & C5TRALIZ+ !IR CAPITAL1 WE >E ORGANIZ+ ! WORK]S ?AT !Y MAY ACT TOGE!R1 ECONOMICALLY & POLITICALLY1 & POSSIBLY 9 O!R WAYS1 BE=E ! /RUGGLE IS 5D$ & ! VICTORY WON4 

,9 ! ,9DU/RIAL ,WORK]S !Y WILL VOTE AS !Y /RIKE1 & /RIKE AS !Y VOTE--ALL TOGE!R4 

,DO Y\ KN[ :AT ,I EXPECT TO SEE8 ,I EXPECT TO SEE A G5]AL /RIKE 9 ! CITY ( ,*ICAGO4 ,I W\LD RA!R SEE IT H]E ?AN 9 ANY O!R CITY 9 ,AM]ICA2 ANY O!R CITY 9 ! WORLD4 

,! CAPITALI/S >E DRUNK5 ) !IR P[]4 ,!Y >E RUNN+ ?+S TO SUIT !MSELVES1 & !Y >E GO+ TO KEEP ! WORK+ CLASS 9 SUBJECTION JU/ AS ! REMNANTS ( ! ,9DIANS >E KEPT ON !IR RES]VATIONS \T ON ! PLA9S4 ,& IF Y\ OBJECT !Y >E SO COMPLETELY 9 CONTROL ?AT !Y CAN CLUB Y\1 OR !Y CAN JAIL Y\1 OR KILL Y\ IF NECESS>Y4 

,I WANT TO SEE ! TIME :5 ! WORK]S ( ,*ICAGO WILL BE SO ?OR\<LY ORGANIZ$ 9 !IR ECONOMIC CAPACITY ?AT !Y CAN QUIT WORK & P>ALYZE 9DU/RY = JU/ TW5TY-F\R H\RS1 & :5 !Y >E ORGANIZ$ WELL 5\< TO DO ?AT !Y WILL HAVE EV]Y CAPITALI/ 9 ! CITY & NATION SU+ = PEACE4 ,:5 !Y >E ORGANIZ$ WELL 5\< TO DO ?AT !Y WILL SECURE MORE ECONOMIC CONCESSIONS 9 FIVE M9UTES ?AN !Y CAN GET 9 FIVE YE>S /RIK+ & BOYCOTT+ ALONG ! OLD TRADE UNION L9E4 

,H[ IS IT N[8 ,:Y1 ! UNION BUT*] WORKM5 GO \T ON /RIKE & !Y /RIKE BRAVELY & LOYALLY TO ! BITT] 5D4 ,BUT ALL O!R UNION M5 REMA9 AT WORK UNTIL ! BUT*] WORKM5 >E US$ UP4 

,! CAPITALI/S >E RI*2 ! LOSS ( A FEW HUNDR$S OR ?\S&S ( DOLL>S DOESN'T HURT !M1 BECAUSE !Y GET IT ALL BACK AGA94 ,SO !Y CAN WAIT UNTIL ?IS DETA*M5T ( ! WORK+ CLASS >MY IS DEFEAT$ & ITS /AN*E/ SUPPORT]S >E \T ( JOBS4 ,MANY ( !SE QUIT ! UNION2 IT IS NO USE4 ,!Y TRI$ ! UNION & >E DISGU/$ ) IT1 & 9 ALL PROBABILITY SOME ( !M WILL /AY AT WORK 9 ! NEXT /RIKE & HELP DEFEAT ! UNION4 

,NEXT COMES ! /RIKE ( ! ,*ICAGO MA*9I/S1 & ?AT LA/S A LONG TIME4 ,ALL !IR FELL[-UNIONI/S REMA9 AT WORK4 ,H]E WE HAVE A L>GE BODY ( MA*9I/S 5GAG$ 9 A LIFE & DEA? /RUGGLE & !Y HOLD \T WOND]FULLY WELL4 ,!Y LEVY ASSESSM5TS ON ALL O!R MA*9I/S :O KEEP AT WORK TO HELP !SE /RIK]S 9 IDL5ESS = MANY WE>Y MON?S & !N AT LA/1 :5 ALL ! RES\RCES >E EXHAU/$ & ! M5 >E ON ! PO9T ( />VATION1 !Y HAVE TO SURR5D]1 & !Y GO BACK DEFEAT$' & ! OP5 %OP SY/EM IS E/ABLI%$1 & ! UNION1 SO F> AS ANY USEFULNESS TO ! MA*9I/ IS CONC]N$1 IS PRACTICALLY WIP$ \T ( EXI/5CE4 

,:AT GOOD HAS ! MA*9I/S' UNION DONE TO !SE MA*9I/S8 ,IT COLLECTS HI< DUES & PAYS HI< SAL>IES4 ,HUNDR$S ( ?\S&S ( DOLL>S >E CONTRIBUT$ BY ! WORK]S ) :I* !Y BUY !IR [N DEFEAT4 ,N[1 DEFEAT W\LD BE BAD 5\< IF IT CAME AB\T FREE ( *>GE1 BUT IF Y\ HAVE TO PAY @s#a#g#d1 = IT' AS ! (FICIAL REPORTS ( ! MA*9I/S %[1 IT IS TIME Y\ W]E DO+ A LITTLE ?9K+ ON Y\R [N ACC\NT4 

,MR4 ,JAMES ,O',CONNELL IS AT ! HEAD ( ! MA*9I/S' UNION1 & HE IS ALSO A LABOR LIEUT5ANT ( ! CAPITALI/ CLASS4 ,HE SITS AT ! SAME BANQUET+ TABLE ) ! CAPITALI/S & IS H& 9 GLOVE ) ,AUGU/ ,BELMONT--! EMPLOY] ( ,JAMES ,FANCY1 ! PR(ESSIONAL /RIKE-BREAK]1 :O :5 Y\ GO ON /RIKE1 /EPS 9 & GETS AS MU* PAY 9 A DAY AS Y\ GET 9 A YE>4 

,Y\ CAN H>DLY BLAME ! M5 :O GET DISGU/$ ) UNIONS AS !Y >E RUN 9 ,*ICAGO4 ,NOT ALONE ,MR4 ,O',CONNELL1 BUT ,MR4 ,MIT*ELL1 PRESID5T ( ! ,M9E ,WORK]S2 ,MR4 ,GOMP]S1 PRESID5T ( ! ,AM]ICAN ,F$]ATION ( ,LABOR1 & O!R PURE & SIMPLE UNION LEAD]S >E 9 ECONOMIC TUNE ) ! MA/] CLASS1 & >E HELD UP AS MODEL LABOR LEAD]S BY CAPITALI/ NEWSPAP]S4 

,P]IODICALLY !SE 0MODEL LEAD]S0 GO TO ,NEW ,YORK TO ATT5D A LOVE FEA/ BETWE5 CAPITALI/S & WAGE WORK]S1 OR RA!R BETWE5 CAPITALI/S & ACCR$IT$ LEAD]S ( WAGE WORK]S4 

,Y\ >E ONLY ! COMMON H]D4 ,!Y DON'T HAVE ANY?+ TO DO ) Y\1 & !Y DON'T NE$ TO HAVE ANY?+ TO DO ) Y\4 ,!Y DEAL ) Y\R LEAD]S & BETWE5 !M !Y FIX ?+S1 & ALL Y\ HAVE TO DO IS TO WORK & PUT UP ! MONEY & !Y WILL ATT5D TO ! RE/4 

,LA/ FALL1 A YE> AGO1 :5 II WAS 9 ,NEW ,YORK1 !RE CAME NE> BE+ A /RIKE ON ! ,9T]BOR\< RAILWAY L9ES4 ,! EMPLOYES HAD BE5 \TRAG$ BY ! MANAGEM5T ( ! ,9T]BOR\< UND] AN AGREEM5T ?AT HAD BE5 %AMEFULLY VIOLAT$ BY ! COMPANY4 ,!Y ?REAT5$ TO GO \T ON /RIKE4 ,IT HAPP5$ TO BE A NATIONAL ELECTION YE>1 & UND] ! PRESSURE ?AT WAS BR\<T TO BE> UPON HIM1 ,MR4 ,BELMONT1 ! PRESID5T ( ! SY/EM1 ON ! EVE ( ! ELECTION1 SETTL$ ) ! M5 & AV]T$ ! IMP5D+ /RIKE4 

,9 A SPEE* ,I MADE 9 ,NEW ,YORK ?AT NI<T1 ,I V5TUR$ ! PR$ICTION ?AT ! SETTLEM5T WAS TEMPOR>Y & MADE = POLITICAL EFFECT1 & ?AT SOON AFT] ! ELECTION WAS OV] ! CORPORATION W\LD BEG9 ME?ODICALLY TO VIOLATE ! AGREEM5T & GOAD ! M5 TO /RIKE4 ,& SO IT CAME TO PASS4 ,AFT] ! ELECTION WAS OV] ! CORPORATION R5EW$ ITS (F5SIVE TACTICS UNTIL AT LA/ #f1 ( ! M5 W5T \T ON /RIKE4 ,& N[ WE BEHOLD AN EXHIBITION ( ! IMPOT5CY1 IF NOT ! CRIME1 ( \TGR[N UNIONISM4 

,:5 !SE #f1 M5 W5T \T ON /RIKE ,AUGU/ ,BELMONT ALREADY HAD ,JAMES ,F>LEY & HIS >MY ( PR(ESSIONAL /RIKE-BREAK]S ON ! GR\ND2 HAD !M ?REE WEEKS 9 ADVANCE4 ,& !Y W]E GETT+ !IR PAY1 #e A DAY & EXP5SES1 :ILE ,FANCY GOT AN ADVANCE PAYM5T1 SAID TO HAVE BE5 @s#a14 ,AUGU/ ,BELMONT1 ! PRESID5T ( ! ,9T]BOR\<1 WAS PHOTOGRAPH$ ) ,F>LEY' ! /RIKE-BREAK]4 ,!Y W]E PICTUR$ SIDE BY SIDE2 !Y OCCUPI$ ! FIR/ PAGE ( ! ,NEW ,YORK NEWSPAP]S2 !Y W]E REPRES5T$ AS ! MOD]N /RIKE-BREAK]S1 ,AUGU/ ,BELMONT1 ! CAPITALI/1 & ,JAMES ,F>LEY1 HIS M]C5>Y M9ION4 

,! /RIKE WAS SOON DEFEAT$ & ! PLACES ( ! M5 FILL$ ) SCABS4 

,! UNION M5 :O W]E 9 ! P[] H\SES1 :O C\LD & :O %\LD HAVE %UT (F ! P[]1 KEPT ?OSE GREAT PLANTS 9 OP]ATION4 ,!Y SAID1 0,WE >E 9 SYMPA?Y ) Y\ & W\LD LIKE TO HELP Y\1 BUT WE CANNOT GO \T ON /RIKE )\T VIOLAT+ \R CONTRACT40 ,& SO1 TO PRES]VE ! SANCTITY ( !IR CRAFT CONTRACT1 !Y CUT ! ?ROATS ( !IR #f1 FELL[ UNIONI/S1 VIRTUALLY SCABB+ ON !M1 SO F> AS ! EFFECT ( !IR ACTION1 OR RA!R NON-ACTION1 WAS CONC]N$4 ,!SE UNION M5 MI<T AS WELL HAVE /EPP$ \T ( ! P[] H\SES & TAK5 ! PLACES ?AT W]E VACAT$ BY ! /RIK]S4 

,N[ COMES ! CLOS+ *APT] ( ?IS /ORY1 ! BLACKE/ ( ALL4 ,A LITTLE :ILE AFT] ! #f1 UNION M5 HAD GONE \T ON /RIKE & HAD BE5 DEFEAT$ BY /RIKE-BREAK]S UND] ,F>LEY1 ! LIEUT5ANT ( ,BELMONT1 ! ,CIVIC ,F$]ATION HELD ITS P]IODICAL BANQUET4 ,AUGU/ ,BELMONT ATT5D$ ?IS BANQUET1 BE+ ! PRESID5T ( ! ,F$]ATION4 ,SO ALSO DID ! LABOR LEAD]S4 ,9 !IR REGUL> ORD] CAME ,PRESID5T ,GOMP]S1 ,PRESID5T ,MIT*ELL1 ,PRESID5T ,O',CONNELL1 ,PRESID5T ,DUNCAN & ! RE/ ( ! PRESID5TS4 ,!Y SURR\ND$ ! BANQUET+ BO>D & SAT & FEA/$ & LAU<$ & MADE JOY TOGE!R4 ,! LABOR QUE/ION WAS SPE$ILY SETTL$1 SO F> AS !Y W]E CONC]N$4 

,Y\ MAY FEEL ASSUR$ ?AT !RE IS NO (FIC] ( ! ,9DU/RIAL ,WORK]S :O WILL EV] BANQUET ) ! ,CIVIC ,F$]ATION4 

,9 CLOS+1 ,I APPEAL TO Y\1 AS WORK+M51 TO ?9K = Y\RSELVES2 TO CUT LOOSE FROM ?OSE :O HAVE MISL$ & BETRAY$ Y\2 TO CLOSE UP ! RANKS & UNIFY Y\R =CES4 ,I APPEAL TO Y\ TO ALLY Y\RSELVES ) ! ECONOMIC ORGANIZATION :I* EMBRACES Y\R 5TIRE CLASS2 ,I APPEAL TO Y\ TO JO9 ! UNION ?AT TRULY REPRES5TS Y\1 ! UNION ?AT UNITES Y\1 ! UNION 9 :I* Y\ CAN /& %\LD] TO %\LD]1 REG>DLESS ( Y\R ,OCCUPATION2 ! UNION 9 :I* Y\ WILL MOVE =W>D1 /EP BY /EP1 M>*+ TO ! 9SPIR+ MUSIC ( ! COM+ EMANCIPATION4 ,I APPEAL TO Y\ TO DECL>E Y\RSELVES H]E & N[1 TO BE = ONCE & =EV] TRUE 5\< TO Y\RSELVES TO JO9 ! ONLY 9DU/RIAL UNION ?AT IS ABSOLUTELY TRUE TO Y\4 

,& IF Y\ JO9 ?IS UNION 9 SUFFICI5T NUMB]S1 IF Y\ BUILD OP ?IS ORGANIZATION & GIVE IT ! P[] IT \<T TO HAVE-IF Y\ RALLY TO ! /&>D ( ?IS REVOLUTION>Y UNION-!N1 AS C]TA9 AS ,I /& BE=E Y\1 Y\ WILL C>RY ?AT BANN] TO VICTORY4 ,!N ! WORK]S WILL BE ! SOV]EIGN CITIZ5S1 ! RUL]S ( ?IS E>?4 ,!Y WILL BUILD H\SES & LIVE !RE92 !Y WILL PLANT V9EY>DS & EAT ! FRUIT !RE(4 ,! LABOR QUE/ION WILL HAVE BE5 SETTL$1 & ! WORK+ CLASS1 EMANCIPAT$ FROM ! FETT]S ( WAGE-SLAV]Y1 WILL BEG9 ! REAL WORK ( CIVILIZ+ & HUMANIZ+ ! HUMAN RACE4 

,FROM 3 ,M>XI/S4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,JANU>Y #a#h1 #bba 3 ,CLASS ,UNIONISM -- ,ADD$4 
,JANU>Y #f1 #bbb 3 ,CLASS ,UNIONISM -- ,UPDAT$4 

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