,P>T #b1 ,*APT] #f 
,! ,COLLECTIVIZATION ,( ,! ,B>B]%OPS ,UND] ,! ,AEGIS ,( ,! ,NATIONAL ,CONF$]ATION ,( ,LABOR 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,AUGU/9 ,S\*Y 

,AU?OR 3 ,PAUL ,FOLG>E 

,TEXT 3 

#f4 ,! ,C,O,L,L,E,C,T,I,V,I,Z,A,T,I,O,N ,( ,! ,B,>,B,],%,O,P,S ,U,N,D,] ,! ,E,G,I,S ,( ,! ,N,A,T,I,O,N,A,L ,C,O,N,F,$,],A,T,I,O,N ,( ,L,A,B,O,R 

,! B>B]%OPS BE=E ,JULY #ai 

,ON EV]Y /REET1 ON EV]Y CORN]1 ONE RI<T NEXT TO ANO!R1 >E ! B>B]%OPS1 & !RE >E NO REGULATIONS TO RE/RICT ?IS ABUSE4 ,! SITUATION WAS MADE WORSE BY ! 9SOLV5CY ( MANY BOLD 5TREPR5EURS :O OP5$ !IR %OPS UND] ! ONUS ( 9/ALLM5T PAYM5TS & ?\<T !Y C\LD LIVE AT ! EXP5SE ( ! WORK+ CLASS B>B]1 :O NE$S A JOB & :O1 H\ND$ BY NECESSITY1 WORK$ UND] T]RIBLE CONDITIONS4 

,! B>B]%OPS ?AT (F]$ %AVES AT 4#c PESETAS )\T A TIP W]E ! ANSW] TO ! WI%ES ( ! P>ASITES ACCU/OM$ TO LIV+ (F !IR FELL[ M54 ,WE %ALL SPEAK ( !SE P]SONS 9 A SEP>ATE SECTION4 

,A %AVE = 4#a#e PESETAS & A HAIRCUT = 4#b#e PESETAS 

,A *EAP MIRROR1 A FEW T[ELS & A B> ( SOAP = EV]Y ONE HUNDR$ CU/OM]S WAS ! 5TIRE 9V5TORY ( !SE E/ABLI%M5TS ?AT CALL$ !MSELVES 0B>B]%OPS04 ,! WORK ( ! B>B] WAS C>RI$ \T )\T ANY O!R REMUN]ATION BESIDES A COMMISSION ( FIFTY P]C5T = HIS S]VICES4 ,AS A RESULT1 ! IMPOV]I%$ CU/OM] 7NO ONE ELSE W\LD PATRONIZE !SE E/ABLI%M5TS7 :O CAME 9 = A %AVE1 LEFT ) ECZEMA1 ETC41 & ! B>B] HIMSELF1 AFT] HAV+ WORK$ )\T PAUSE & )\T C\NT+ ! H\RS1 WAS LEFT ) A DAILY 9COME ( ?REE PESETAS1 :I* IS NOT EV5 5\< TO BUY BREAD4 

,WE HAVE SE5 ?IS V>IETY ( B>B]%OP EM]GE1 H[EV]1 RI<T 9 ! MIDDLE ( ! ,FIF? ,DI/RICT1 WE HAVE SE5 !M ON BUSY D[NT[N /REETS ( ! CITY1 ,NUEVA DE LA ,RAMBLA1 9 ! ,RAMBLAS ITSELF1 ,CORTES1 ,>IBAU1 ,MUNTAN]1 ETC4 ,NOT FEATUR+ %AVES = 4#a#e PESETAS1 BUT = 4#c PESETAS1 )\T A TIP4 ,!SE B>B]%OPS HAVE ! SAME PAYM5T ME?ODS & WORK+ CONDITIONS AS ! O!RS3 ! PAYM5T ( COMMISSIONS BY P]C5TAGE & SIMIL> SANIT>Y CONDITIONS = ! CU/OM]4 ,?IS ME?OD ( PAYM5T ( HIS WORK]S WAS V]Y ADVANTAGE\S = ! [N]1 &1 QUITE REC5TLY1 WE HAVE SE5 B>B]%OPS ORGANIZ$ & OP]AT+ ON ! SAME BASIS *>G+ 4#d & 4#e PESETAS4 

,! 0BETT]0 B>B]%OPS 

,) REG>D TO !SE B>B]%OPS WE %ALL ONLY DISCUSS WAGES & H\RS1 S9CE ! S]VICE WAS P]FECT4 

,=TY PESETAS & TW5TY-FIVE C5TIMOS = N9E H\RS ( WORK EV]Y DAY1 WAS ! WEEKLY WAGE ( ! COMRADE B>B] :O WAS =TUNATE 5\< TO HAVE A JOB4 ,OV] ?REE HUNDR$ B>B]S W]E UNEMPLOY$ & L>GE NUMB]S ( O!RS MADE NO MORE ?AN TWELVE PESETAS A WEEK1 ALL E>N$ ON ONE ,SATURDAY ( WORK4 

,! /RIKE LA/ ,MAY1 9 :I* ! EI<T-H\R DAY WAS WON ALONG ) A WEEKLY WAGE ( SIXTY PESETAS1 PLUS T5 P]C5T ( ! RECEIPTS1 ALL[$ ! B>B] TO E>N A WEEKLY WAGE ( SIXTY-EI<T TO SEV5TY PESETAS4 

,H[EV]1 S9CE ! CO/ ( !SE NEW WORK+ CONDITIONS & WAGES WAS PAID = BY A RISE 9 ! PRICE ( ! B>B]%OPS' S]VICES1 ?IS GAVE ! EMPLOY]S ! EXCUSE1 DUE TO ! DECREASE 9 ! NUMB] ( CU/OM]S1 TO CUT BACK ON ! WORK WEEK & EV5 R$UCE IT TO ?REE DAYS A WEEK4 

,AS A RESULT1 ! /RIKE ?AT WAS WON 9 ,MAY CAUS$ ! WORK] TO HAVE ONLY ?REE DAYS ( WORK ) A WAGE ( ?IRTY-SIX PESETAS4 ,& !N1 AMID SU* POV]TY & ! CRISIS ( \R PR(ESSION1 CAME ,JULY #a#i4 

,! COLLECTIVIZATION ( ! B>B]%OPS 

,:51 LA/ ,AUGU/1 ! ,G5]ALITAT DECRE$ ! =TY-H\R WEEK & A FIFTE5 P]C5T 9CREASE 9 WAGES1 ! EMPLOY]S W]E DEALT A MORTAL BL[4 

,A MORTAL BL[1 BECAUSE ! DECREE PUT AN 5D TO SO MU* EXPLOITATION & TO ! PIG/IES ( ! B>B]%OPS ?AT *>G$ 4#a#e & 4#c PESETAS4 

,! WORK]S RESOLUTELY GRAPPL$ ) ! PROBLEM ( ! B>B]%OPS 9 ORD] TO /UDY ! :OLE AFFAIR FROM A PRACTICAL PO9T ( VIEW & TO SOLVE ! PROBLEM ON ! BASIS ( AN UND]/&+ ( ITS CAUSE4 ,AFT] FIFTE5 DAYS ( /UDY & DISCUSSION1 A G5]AL ASSEMBLY RESOLV$ TO PROCE$ TO CONFISCATE ! B>B]%OPS & ORGANIZE !M BY ZONES4 ,?IS PROJECT WAS C>RI$ \T ) SU* DET]M9ATION ?AT1 AFT] F\R WEEKS1 WE CONTROLL$ ALL ! B>B]%OPS ( ! CITY & ITS NEI<BORHOODS4 

,\R ORGANIZATION 

,!RE W]E TOO MANY B>B]%OPS2 ! ECONOMIC SITUATION ( \R 9DU/RY REQUIR$ ! IMM$IATE CLOS+ ( MANY ( !M4 ,N9E HUNDR$ W]E CLOS$1 ) A MON?LY SAV+S ( EI<T HUNDR$ ?\S& PESETAS 9 R5T PAYM5TS4 

,TODAY WE HAVE NO MORE ?AN TWO HUNDR$ =TY B>B]%OPS 9 ALL4 ,NOR >E !Y ALL ( ! MO/ MOD]N K9D1 BUT RA!R ?OSE ?AT >E MO/ ADVANTAGE\SLY LOCAT$4 ,! BUILD+ ITSELF PRES5TS NO PROBLEM1 S9CE ! APPURT5ANCES ( ! B>B]%OPS ?AT W]E CLOS$ W]E US$ TO REPLACE ?OSE ( ! ANTIQUAT$ OR DILAPIDAT$ E/ABLI%M5TS4 

,AT ! PRES5T TIME ALL ! B>B]S HAVE JOBS2 NONE >E UNEMPLOY$4 ,BETT] YET1 WE HAVE PROVID$ JOBS = SOME ?REE HUNDR$ FIFTY COMRADES :O >E REFUGEES2 !SE COMRADES HAVE TAK5 ! PLACES ( ?OSE :O HAVE GONE TO FI<T AT ! FRONT4 

,9 ! TWO HUNDR$ =TY B>B]%OPS ?AT /ILL EXI/1 WORK IS C>RI$ \T FROM EI<T 9 ! MORN+ TO N9E AT NI<T )\T 9T]RUPTION4 ,EA* B>B] WORKS = SIX & A HALF H\RS1 ) TWO %IFTS OV] ! ?IRTE5-H\R DAY1 ! DAY %IFT & ! EV5+ %IFT4 

,WE HAVE PROVID$ JOBS = ALL B>B]S & A MORE COMPLETE S]VICE = ! PUBLIC4 ,EA* B>B]%OP HAS TWO DELEGATES1 ONE = ! DAY %IFT & ONE = ! EV5+ %IFT1 :O REPRES5T ! COLLECTIVE & SEEK TO IMPROVE S]VICE4 ,!Y DELIV] DAILY REPORTS TO \R C5TRAL (FICES1 & ON ,SATURDAY !Y COLLECT ! WEEKLY WAGES ( ! COMRADES ( !IR B>B]%OPS1 :O >E PAID ?AT EV5+4 

,\R WAGES 

,?IS NEW /RUCTURE ALL[$ US TO PAY ALL ! B>B]S )\T EXCEPTION SIXTY PESETAS A WEEK DUR+ ! FIR/ FEW WEEKS ( COLLECTIVIZATION2 N[ WE PAY !M SEV5TY-FIVE PESETAS A WEEK4 ,WE SAID ALL ( !M )\T EXCEPTION BECAUSE !RE >E PRES5TLY NO UNEMPLOY$ WORK]S 9 \R TRADE UNION4 ,:5 WE REF] TO B>B]%OP WORK]S1 WE 9CLUDE UND] ?IS COMMON RUBRIC ! =M] [N]S & WID[S ( [N]S ( B>B]%OPS4 ,! =M] [N] IS CONSID]$ AS JU/ ANO!R COMRADE & AS SU* HE WORKS & 5JOYS ! SAME PAY AS ! O!RS4 ,! WID[S ( ! =M] [N]S >E ALSO PAID SEV5TY-FIVE PESETAS = ! S]VICES !Y R5D] )9 \R ORGANIZATION4 

,\R GOALS 

,WE SEEK TO IMPROVE \R B>B]%OPS & E/ABLI% LABORATORIES TO DISCOV] *EMICAL PRODUCTS ?AT WILL B5EFIT ! PUBLIC4 ,WE ALSO SEEK TO IMPROVE ! SITUATION ( \R COMRADES1 BECAUSE UP UNTIL REC5TLY WE HAVE NOT BE5 ABLE TO LIVE4 ,TODAY WE HAVE A TOTAL ( ?REE ?\S& ONE HUNDR$ MEMB]S2 ?IS FIGURE 9CLUDES ! =M] [N]S & WID[S ( =M] [N]S :O1 AS WE HAVE SAID1 >E CONSID]$ TO BE COMRADES4 

,COLLECTIVIZATION HAS PUT 9TO \R H&S E/ABLI%M5TS ) A TOTAL VALUE ( SOME F\R MILLION FIVE HUNDR$ ?\S& PESETAS1 :I* WE KN[ WE MU/ MANAGE = ! GOOD ( ! COLLECTIVE & = ! B5EFIT ( A MORE JU/ & EQUAL SOCIETY4 ,IF ! =M] [N]S W]E TO SEEK TO RE-OP5 !IR OLD B>B]%OPS1 ?IS W\LD PROVE TO BE TOTALLY IMPOSSIBLE2 MANY ( !M HAVE NO?+ LEFT BUT ! WALLS & O!RS ONLY ! NAME & ! FACT ?AT !IR DOORS >E /ILL OP5 TO ! PUBLIC1 S9CE !Y >E UND] NEW MANAGEM5T4 

,?IS IS ! 9=MATION ?AT WAS PROVID$ TO US AT ! (FICES ( ! ,B>B]S ,TRADE ,UNION1 LOCAT$ AT ,NUMB] #dd ,C>M5 ,/REET1 ! BUILD+ ?AT WAS ONCE ! HEADQU>T]S ( ! ILL-FAT$ ,LLIGA ,CATALANA4 

,!SE (FICES HAVE ORGANIZ$ ! B>B]S ) GREAT SKILL & COMPET5CE2 9 !M1 MO/ PROMIS+ ACTIVITIES >E UND]WAY 9 ?IS NEW REVOLUTION>Y ]A1 UND] ! EGIS ( ! ,C,N,T4 

,E,X,C,],P,T ,F,R,O,M ,! ,S,P,E,E,* ,D,E,L,I,V,],$ ,B,Y ,C,O,M,R,A,D,E ,J,U,A,N ,P,A,P,I,O,L1 ,( ,! ,B,>,B,],S ,T,R,A,D,E ,U,N,I,O,N1 ,B,R,O,A,D,C,A,/ ,L,I,V,E ,O,V,] ,R,A,D,I,O ,E4,C4,N4 #a--,C,N,T-,F,A,I 

0,\R 9DU/RY HAD #a1#a E/ABLI%M5TS2 & PRECISELY BECAUSE ( ?IS VA/ NUMB]1 ALL ( US W]E MIR$ 9 ! D>KE/ MIS]IES4 ,ONE ?\S& ONE HUNDR$ E/ABLI%M5TS ?AT REPRES5T$ #a1#a R5T PAYM5TS & SO MANY O!R EXP5SES SU* AS LI<T+1 :I* EXACT$ AN EXCESSIVELY HEAVY CONTRIBUTION FROM ?IS 9DU/RY4 ,AT ! SAME TIME1 WE W]E ! VICTIMS ( ALL ! SUPPLI]S ( ! MAT]IALS 9DISP5SABLE = \R 9DU/RY1 = :I* WE ALWAYS PAID MORE ?AN A ?REE HUNDR$ P]C5T M>KUP4 ,NATURALLY1 ?IS EXCESSIVE NUMB] ( E/ABLI%M5TS L$ TO FI]CE COMPETITION1 :I* HAD A REP]CUSSION NOT ONLY TO ! DETRIM5T ( ! B\RGEOISIE1 BUT ALSO TO ?AT ( ! WORK+ CLASS ( ?IS 9DU/RY :I* WAS 9 NO POSITION TO MAKE ECONOMIC DEM&S2 = ! 9DU/RY1 DUE TO ITS OV]DEVELOPM5T1 DID NOT YIELD 5\< ECONOMIC PR(IT40 

0,AFT] E>N+ \R MEAG] WEEKLY WAGE1 WE W]E OBLIG$ TO SP5D AB\T #a PESETAS ON ! TOOLS ( \R TRADE1 & !N CONT9UE TO SP5D AB\T #a4#e PESETAS A MON? ON !M1 S9CE ! SUPPLI]S & ! BROK]S1 OR SOME O!R MIDDLEMAN1 HAVE US AT !IR M]CY4 ,\RS WAS A COMPLETELY DEVALU$ 9DU/RY1 9 :I* ! B\RGEOISIE ITSELF WAS COMPLETELY 9CAPACITAT$ ) REG>D TO EV]Y?+ ?AT HAD TO DO ) ! ECONOMIC ORD]4 ,) REG>D TO ?+S RELAT+ TO ! MORAL ORD]1 ITS 9SOLV5CY WAS UNMAT*$4 ,!RE=E1 GIV5 ! =M 9 :I* \R ECONOMIC & MORAL ORD] HAD DEVELOP$1 ! ONLY SOLUTION WAS TO COLLECTIVIZE ALL ! TOOLS & ELEM5TS ( LABOR = ! EQUAL B5EFIT ( ?OSE :O WORK$ 9 ?IS 9DU/RY2 IT MU/ BE PO9T$ \T1 AS WELL1 ?AT !RE >E AB\T A HUNDR$ [N]S1 REAL EXPLOIT]S1 MOD]N SLAVE-DRIV]S1 :O BY MEANS ( !IR UNBRIDL$ GRE$ EXTRACT A PR(IT ( ?REE HUNDR$ FIFTY TO F\R HUNDR$ PESETAS A WEEK40 

0,9 AGREEM5T ) ! COMRADES ( ! ,NATIONAL ,CONF$]ATION ( ,LABOR1 WE MAKE ! FOLL[+ PROPOSAL3 R$UCE ! NUMB] ( B>B]%OPS FROM #a1#a TO #b1 :I* W\LD SAVE #a1 PESETAS A MON? 9 R5T1 PLUS #c1 PESETAS = LI<T+ & A CONSID]ABLE R$UCTION 9 ! AM\NT PAID = PROP]TY TAXES4 ,COLLECTIVIZ+ \R 9DU/RY W\LD ?US SAVE APPROXIMATELY #a#e1 PESETAS EA* MON? DUE TO ! R$UCTION ( !SE CO/S4 ,!SE #a#e1 PESETAS CAN BE US$ TO IMPROVE ! CONDITIONS ( ! B>B]%OP WORK]S1 & CAN NOT ONLY RESOLVE !IR DESP]ATE ECONOMIC SITUATION1 BUT AT ! SAME TIME WILL PROVIDE US ) A SOLUTION = ONE ( ! MO/ IMPORTANT & DIFFICULT PROBLEMS ( \R TIME3 ?AT ( UNEMPLOYM5T1 :I* WE HAVE DEF9ITIVELY & CONSI/5TLY RESOLV$4 ,!RE >E NO UNEMPLOY$ WORK]S 9 \R TRADE UNION2 9 ! CATEGORY ( ! B>B]%OP WORK]S !RE IS NOT EV5 ONE S+LE WORK] IDL$ DUE TO A LACK ( WORK40 

0,! #bce B>B]%OPS ?AT REMA9 EMPLOY ALL ! B>B]S :O >E WORK+ AS WELL AS ?OSE :O1 DUE TO A LACK ( WORK1 >E /RUGGL+ 9 ! GRIPS ( ! T5TACLES ( DEADLY POV]TY4 ,LIKE EV]Y GREAT PROJECT1 \RS1 DUE TO ITS AMBITI\S SCOPE1 WILL 9EVITABLY COME UP AGA9/ OB/ACLES ?AT NATURALLY >ISE 9 SU* CASES40 

0,FIR/ ( ALL1 ! ORGANIZATION ( A SUPPLY SY/EM = ! DELIV]Y ( B>B]S EQUIPM5T & MAT]IALS1 :I* IS SOME?+ ?AT CANNOT BE ACCOMPLI%$ 9 TW5TY-F\R H\RS1 BUT :I* CAN BE IMPROVIS$ 9 ORD] TO BUY TIME TO DESIGN ! P]FECT ADM9I/RATIVE SY/EM ?AT MU/ REGULATE \R SOCIAL1 ECONOMIC & MORAL LIFE4 ,WE %ALL ALSO HAVE TO FACE ?OSE :O >E UNWILL+1 ?OSE :O DUE TO A LACK ( CONSCI\SNESS & SOCIAL $UCATION & A LACK ( ECONOMIC KN[L$GE1 AS WELL AS A DEFICI5CY ( IDEALI/ SPIRIT1 W]E RELUCTANT TO ID5TIFY !MSELVES ) US 9 ?IS NEW SY/EM ( LABOR ?AT WE HAVE JU/ E/ABLI%$4 ,9 ACCORDANCE ) \R BASIC PR9CIPLES1 ) ! F9AL GOAL ( ! ,NATIONAL ,CONF$]ATION ( ,LABOR ?AT CONSI/S 9 ! SUPPRESSION ( ! [N+ CLASS1 WE HAVE EXPROPRIAT$1 9 ! MO/ AU!NTIC WAY1 ! EMPLOY]S ( \R 9DU/RY40 

0,WE HAVE PAID ABSOLUTELY NO 9DEMNITIES2 WE HAVE ONLY RECOGNIZ$ ! RI<T ( ALL ! [N]S TO WORK4 ,BUY 9CORPORAT+ !M 9TO ! NEW SY/EM ( LABOR1 ALL ?AT REMA9S IS ! MAN1 :OSE RI<T TO LIFE WE ACKN[L$GE40 

0,! PRODUCT ( LABOR IS DIVID$ ) ABSOLUTE EQUALITY4 ,!RE >E NO CATEGORIES AMONG US2 WE ALL E>N ! SAME WAGES4 ,9 ! MORAL ORD]1 AS WELL1 WE ALL HAVE ! SAME RI<TS & ! SAME DUTIES4 ,?IS PROJECT WAS C>RI$ ?R\< BY ! MAJORITY ( ! WORK]S4 ,DESPITE SOME DIFFICULTIES1 ! COLLECTIVE LABOR IS BE+ CONSOLIDAT$1 & IS HI<LI<T$ BY ! MO/ BRILLIANT SUCCESSES & ! MO/ H>D-F\<T VICTORIES40 

0,9 ! COMMON LABOR ( PRODUCTION1 WE HAVE 9CREAS$ ! WEEKLY WAGE BY #d P]C5T4 ,9 ! MORAL ORD]1 ! RELATIONS BETWE5 ALL ! WORK]S HAVE REA*$ SU* AN ELEVAT$ LEVEL ?AT ONE IS CAPABLE ( CONCEIV+ ! HOPE ?AT 9 SU* A %ORT P]IOD ( TIME ! REALITY ( \R AN>*I/ IDEAL HAS P5ETRAT$ ! HE>TS ( ALL ! WORK]S40 

,FROM 3 ,!,AN>*I/,LIBR>Y4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,JANU>Y #a#a1 #bba 3 ,P>T #b1 ,*APT] #f -- ,ADD$4 

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