,COMM5TS ON 444 ! 0,DEEP ,SOCIAL ,ECOLOGY0 ( ,JOHN ,CL>K #aiie ,PEOPLE 3 ,AU?OR 3 ,MURRAY ,BOOK*9 ,TAGS 3 BEYOND ! LIMITS ( ! CITY1 VA/ NETWORK ( AFF9ITY GR\PS1 PRODUCTION & DI/RIBUTION ( GOODS1 POLITICS ( SOCIAL ECOLOGY1 9T]NATIONAL SOCIAL ECOLOGY NETWORK1 LIB]T>IAN OR CONF$]AL MUNICIPALISM1 TELEVISION SETS RADIOS NEWSPAP]S1 POLITICAL ECONOMIC & CULTURAL1 P>TICIPATION 9 LOCAL ELECTIONS1 HUMAN COMMUNITY & NATURE4 ,TEXT 3 ,COMM5TS ON ! ,9T]NATIONAL ,SOCIAL ,ECOLOGY ,NETWORK ,GA!R+ & ! 0,DEEP ,SOCIAL ,ECOLOGY0 ( ,JOHN ,CL>K BY ,MURRAY ,BOOK*9 ,PHOTO BY ,META ,L&S1 ,PUBLIC ,DOMA9 ,BETWE5 ,AUGU/ #ad & #a#i1 #a#i#i#e1 AN 9T]NATIONAL SOCIAL ECOLOGY NETWORK GA!R+ MET NE> ,DUNOON1 ,SCOTL&1 TO DISCUSS ! TOPIC 0,DEMOCRACY & ,ECOLOGY40 ,ITS AG5DA FEATUR$1 AMONG O!R PRES5TATIONS1 A ONE-H\R SUMM>Y ( A LONG ESSAY BY ,JOHN ,CL>K TITL$ 0,! ,POLITICS ( ,SOCIAL ,ECOLOGY3 ,BEYOND ! ,LIMITS ( ! ,CITY40 ,MY AGE & GR[+ DISABILITIES PREV5T$ ME FROM ATT5D+ ! GA!R+1 :I* CAUS$ ME SOME CONC]N S9CE ,CL>K HAS BROK5 ) SOCIAL ECOLOGY & BECOME1 AS HE IMPI%LY D5OM9AT$ HIMSELF 9 ,! ,TRUMPET]1 AN ORGAN ( ! DEEP ECOLOGY 0MOVEM5T10 A 0DEEP SOCIAL ECOLOGI/1 OR SOCIAL DEEP ECOLOGI/0 7,CL>K1 ,TRUMPET]1 P4 #a#d74 ,= QUITE SOME TIME1 9 FACT1 ,CL>K'S WRIT+S 9 ! DEEP ECOLOGY & AN>*I/ PRESS HAD ALREADY BE5 FUNDAM5TALLY AT ODDS ) SOCIAL ECOLOGY & W]E BLURR+ MAJOR DIFF]5CES BETWE5 ! TWO T5D5CIES1 AT A TIME :5 IT IS ( ESS5TIAL IMPORTANCE TO DI/+UI% !M CLE>LY4 ,! VIEWS HE HAD BE5 ADVANC+ W]E ESS5TIALLY MY/ICAL &1 FROM A SOCIAL ECOLOGICAL & SOCIAL AN>*I/IC P]SPECTIVE1 REACTION>Y4 ,I /RONGLY OBJECT$ 9 TWO P]SONAL CONV]SATIONS ) ,MI*AEL ,SMALL1 ! GA!R+'S CONV5]1 ?AT HIK AS A MAJOR SPEAK] WAS LEGITIMAT+ HIM AS A SOCIAL ECOLOGI/--:5 HE HAD BE5 9 ! PROCESS ( %$D+ SOCIAL ECOLOGY = QUITE SOME TIME4 ,NOT ONLY DID ,I FEEL ?AT ,CL>K'S T5D5CY TO GROSSLY CONFUSE--& EV5 MISLEAD--PEOPLE :O REG>D !MSELVES AS SOCIAL ECOLOGI/S W\LD LIKELY CREATE PROBLEMS AT ! GA!R+2 ,I WAS ALSO DEEPLY CONC]N$ ?AT ! GA!R+ W\LD NOT REMA9 ! 0$UCATIONAL EXP]I5CE0 OR 09T]*ANGE ( VIEWS0 AMONG SOCIAL ECOLOGI/S ?AT IT WAS 9T5D$ TO BE1 BUT ATTEMPT TO FUNCTION 9/EAD AS A F\ND+ CONGRESS = A SOCIAL ECOLOGY NETWORK4 ,FUR!R1 ,I VOIC$ TO ,SMALL MY /RONG FE>S ?AT ANY 0/ATEM5T0 ?AT MIK0 7OR WORDS TO ?AT EFFECT7 & ?AT ! GA!R+ W\LD REMA9 /RICTLY $UCATIONAL 9 NATURE4 ,TO EXPRESS MY [N VIEWS ON SOCIAL ECOLOGY AS UNEQUIVOCALLY AS POSSIBLE1 ,I S5T ON TO ! GA!R+ SEV]AL 0,!SES ON ,SOCIAL ,ECOLOGY 9 A ,P]IOD ( ,REACTION0 ?AT ,I HAD WRITT54 ,AS IT TURN$ \T1 SOME ( MY DEEPE/ CONC]NS AB\T ?IS GA!R+ APPE> TO HAVE BE5 CONFIRM$4 ,IT DOES APPE> TO HAVE TRI$ TO FUNCTION AS SOME?+ ( A F\ND+ CONGRESS1 BY PRODUC+ A ONE-PAGE DRAFT /ATEM5T ( 0,PR9CIPLES ( ! ,9T]NATIONAL ,SOCIAL ,ECOLOGY ,NETWORK40 ,TO MY A/ONI%M5T1 ,I LE>N$ ?AT :5 ! COMMITTEE WAS =M$ TO DRAFT ! /ATEM5T1 ,CL>K WAS NOM9AT$ TO P>TICIPATE--& ?AT HE DID P>TICIPATE 9 ITS PREP>ATION4 ,! CONFUS$1 9DE$ BIZ>RELY HYBRIDIZ$ NATURE ( ! DRAFT /ATEM5T ?AT RESULT$ FROM ! COMMITTEE'S WORK APPE>S TO BE DUE 9 L>GE MEASURE TO ! WRANGL+ ?AT ,TAKIS ,FOTOP\LOS1 $ITOR ( ,SOCIETY & ,NATURE1 :O ALSO SAT ON ! COMMITTEE1 WAS OBLIG$ TO 5GAGE 9 ) ,CL>K4 ,FOTOP\LOS1 :O IS EXPLICITLY COMMITT$ TO LIB]T>IAN MUNICIPALISM1 HAD TO DEF5D ! DOCUM5T'S MEAG] POLITICAL CONT5TS AGA9/ ,CL>K'S 9SI/5T EF=TS TO D5ATURE IT 9 FAVOR ( SPIRITUALI/IC =MULATIONS4 ,HAV+ PIGGYBACK$ HIS ,TAOI/ V]SION ( ECOLOGY ATOP SOCIAL ECOLOGY = MANY YE>S1 ,JOHN ,CL>K'S MORE REC5T WRIT+S (T5 9VOLVE AN UNSAVORY D5ATUR+ ( CONCEPTS FIL*$ FROM SOCIAL ECOLOGY & FROM S]I\S SOCIAL AN>*I/ MOVEM5TS ( ! PA/4 7,I %UDD] TO ?9K :AT OLD] ,SPANI% AN>*I/ COMRADES :OM ,I CAME TO KN[ LIKE ,GA/ON ,LEVAL & ,JOSE ,PEIRATS W\LD HAVE MADE ( HIS MISUSE ( ! PHRASE 0AFF9ITY GR\P407 ,N[1 AS HE %IFTS HIS IDEOLOGICAL ID5TIFICATION FROM 0SOCIAL ECOLOGI/0 TO 0SOCIAL DEEP ECOLOGI/10 HE CAN 9 ALL PROBABILITY LOOK =W>D TO A NEW C>E] AMONG DEEP ECOLOGI/S AS A REV]$ APO/ATE1 RID+ ON ! CURR5T WAVE ( ANTIHUMANISM & MY/ICISM ?AT ?REAT5S TO R5D] ! ECOLOGY MOVEM5T SOCIALLY IRRELEVANT4 ,9DE$1 HE HAS ALREADY PLUNG$ ) VIGOR 9TO HIS NEW C>E] BY WRIT+ APPRECIATIVELY ( ! WORKS ( ,FA!R ,?OMAS ,B]RY1 ,>NE ,NAESS1 ET AL4 9 ! DEEP ECOLOGY PRESS1 :ILE HIS [N 0SURREGIONALI/0 WRIT+S HAVE BE5 REPUBLI%$ ) APPRECIATION 9 ! LIFE/YLE AN>*I/ P]IODICAL ,! ,FIF? ,E/ATE4 ,HAPPILY1 ,SMALL HAS APP>5TLY HAD SECOND ?\K HAS NO MORE PLACE ON A POLICYMAK+ BODY AT A SOCIAL ECOLOGY ORGANIZ+ GA!R+ ?AN ,I HAVE ON A SIMIL> BODY AT A DEEP ECOLOGY ORGANIZ+ GA!R+1 LET ALONE AS A FEATUR$ SPEAK]4 ,HE HAS EV]Y RINE/LY 5C\RAGE ALL :O %>E HIS VIEWS TO P>TAKE ( SU* TRANSC5D5TAL EXP]I5CES = AS LONG AS !Y LIKE & :]EV] !Y PLEASE4 ,BUT ! EVID5CE ?AT ,CL>K HAD NO PLACE ON ?IS COMMITTEE LIES 9 ! /ATEM5T ITSELF3 9 ITS MIX$ MESSAGES1 SOME ( :I* >E %>PLY AT ODDS ) EA* O!R2 9 ITS RELEGATION ( LIB]T>IAN OR CONF$]AL MUNICIPALISM TO A SECOND>Y /ATUS AMONG A COLLECTION ( L>GELY COMMUNIT>IAN OPTIONS2 & 9 ITS QUEASY TILT T[>D A P]SONALI/IC LIFE/YLE \TLOOK1 9DE$ T[>D A N>CISSISM ?AT HAS ALREADY PRODUC$ UGLY RESULTS 9 ,EURO-,AM]ICAN AN>*ISM1 :ATEV] ! LATT] WORD HAS COME TO MEAN 9 ! ABS5CE ( ! QUALIFY+ ADJECTIVE SOCIAL4 ,WE >E FAC+ A REAL CRISIS 9 ?IS TRULY C\NT]REVOLUTION>Y TIME--NOT ONLY 9 SOCIETY'S RELATION%IP ) ! NATURAL WORLD BUT 9 HUMAN CONSCI\SNESS ITSELF4 ,BY DESIGNAT+ HIMSELF AS A 0SOCIAL DEEP ECOLOGI/ OR A DEEP SOCIAL ECOLOGI/10 ,CL>K HAS OBFUSCAT$ E>NE/ ATTEMPTS TO DEM>CATE ! DIFF]5CES BETWE5 A DEAD5+ MY/ICAL1 (T5 RELIGI\S1 POLITICALLY 9]T1 & POT5TIALLY REACTION>Y T5D5CY 9 ! ECOLOGY MOVEM5T1 & ONE ?AT IS TRY+ TO EMPHASIZE ! NE$ = FUNDAM5TAL SOCIAL *ANGE & FIK SUMM>IZ$ & APP>5TLY DI/RIBUT$ AT ! ,SCOTL& GA!R+1 IT REVEALS H[ F> HE HAS DRIFT$ FROM SOCIAL ECOLOGY1 & MORE IMPORTANTLY1 IT REFLECTS ! K9D ( IRRESPONSIBLE ?9K+ ?AT 9CREAS+LY M>KS ! PRES5T P]IOD4 ,?IS DOCUM5T1 TITL$ 0,! ,POLITICS ( ,SOCIAL ,ECOLOGY3 ,BEYOND ! ,LIMITS ( ! ,CITY10 BE>S ! FOLL[+ CAVEAT3 0,NOTE3 ,?IS IS A DRAFT4 ,PLEASE DO NOT COPY OR QUOTE IT4 ,COMM5TS >E WELCOME0 ,BLUNTLY SPEAK+1 ,I REG>D ?IS CAVEAT AS SC&AL\S4 ,CL>K IS NOT SIMPLY CIRCULAT+ HIS PAP] TO A FEW FRI5DS & COLLEAGUES = COMM5T1 :I* IS :AT ONE USUALLY DOES ) ESSAYS SO M>K$1 BE=E !IR PUBLICATION4 ,9/EAD1 HE SEEMS TO HAVE DI/RIBUT$ ?IS TW5TY-SIX-PAGE S+LE-SPAC$ PROPAG&A TRACT AGA9/ LIB]T>IAN MUNICIPALISM TO A GA!R+ ( SEV]AL SCORE PEOPLE FROM DIFF]5T P>TS ( ! WORLD4 ,HAV+ DI/RIBUT$ ! ESSAY & SUMM>IZ$ ITS CONT5TS 9 HIS PRES5TATION1 ,CL>K APP>5TLY P]MITT$ ! P>TICIPANTS TO TAKE HIS 0RE/RICT$0 CRITICISM ( LIB]T>IAN MUNICIPALISM BACK HOME TO !IR RESPECTIVE C\NTRIES1 :]E !Y W\LD BE LIKELY TO CIRCULATE IT FUR!R4 ,9 %ORT1 DESPITE HIS 9JUNCTION AGA9/ QUOT+ FROM ! ESSAY1 ,CL>K CLE>LY BR\IAN MUNICIPALISM 9TO ! PUBLIC SPH]E & US$ IT TO TRY TO OB/RUCT AN ATTEMPT BY SOCIAL ECOLOGI/S TO BUILD A MOVEM5T ON T]MS ) :I* HE DISAGREES4 ,& :AT ?OSE T]MS >E1 ,CL>K HAS REC5TLY MADE CLE> 9 HIS H\SE ORGAN1 ! ,DELTA ,GRE5S ,QU>T]LY3 0,WE NE$ A SPIRITUAL REVOLUTION MORE ?AN A POLITICAL PLAT=M1 & A REG5]AT$ COMMUNITY MORE ?AN A POLITICAL MOVEM5T0 7,CL>K1 ,DELTA ,GRE5S1 P4 #b74 ,IT IS CLE>1 !N1 ?AT ,CL>K IS TRY+ TO IMMUNIZE HIMSELF TO CRITICISM BY ABJUR+ PEOPLE FROM EXPLICITLY QUOT+ FROM HIS ESSAY4 ,SU* BEHAVIOR MAY WA% AT ACADEMIC CONF]5CES1 IF Y\ PLEASE1 BUT IT IS A SC&AL\S PLOY 9 ! POLITICAL SPH]E4 ,CL>K %\LD NOT BE P]MITT$ TO %IELD HIMSELF FROM CRITICISM ( HIS WIDELY DI/RIBUT$ ATTACK ON SOCIAL ECOLOGY1 & ,I HAVE NO 9T5TION :ATEV] ( HONOR+ HIS GROSSLY DI%ONORABLE ABJURATION4 ,BEH9D HIS PAT9A ( UPLIFT+ SPIRITUALITY1 HIS BEHAVIOR EXHIBITS AN IMMORALITY ?AT BEGG>S SOME ( ! WOR/ HYPOCRISIES ,I HAVE 5C\NT]$ 9 DECADES ( POLITICAL LIFE1 & HE %\LD BE HELD MORALLY AS WELL AS 9TELLECTUALLY ACC\NTABLE = HIS BEHAVIOR4 ,I,I,I ,! C5TRAL COMPON5T ( ,CL>K'S DISPUTE ) ME IS HIS OBJECTION TO LIB]T>IAN MUNICIPALISM1 A VIEW ?AT ,I HAVE LONG >GU$ CON/ITUTES ! POLITICS ( SOCIAL ECOLOGY1 NOTABLY A REVOLUTION>Y EF=T 9 :I* FRE$OM IS GIV5 9/ITUTIONAL =M 9 PUBLIC ASSEMBLIES ?AT BECOME DECISION-MAK+ BODIES4 ,IT DEP5DS UPON LIB]T>IAN LEFTI/S RUNN+ C&IDATES AT ! LOCAL MUNICIPAL LEVEL1 CALL+ = ! DIVISION ( MUNICIPALITIES 9TO W>DS1 :]E POPUL> ASSEMBLIES CAN BE CREAT$ ?AT BR+ PEOPLE 9TO FULL & DIRECT P>TICIPATION 9 POLITICAL LIFE4 ,HAV+ DEMOCRATIZ$ !MSELVES1 MUNICIPALITIES W\LD CONF$]ATE 9TO A DUAL P[] TO OPPOSE ! NATION-/ATE & ULTIMATELY DISP5SE ) IT & ) ! ECONOMIC =CES ?AT UND]P9 /ATISM AS SU*4 ,LIB]T>IAN MUNICIPALISM IS ?US BO? A HI/ORICAL GOAL & A CONCORDANT MEANS TO A*IEVE ! REVOLUTION>Y 0,COMMUNE ( COMMUNES40 ,LIB]T>IAN OR CONF$]AL MUNICIPALISM IS ABOVE ALL A POLITICS ?AT SEEKS TO CREATE A VITAL DEMOCRATIC PUBLIC SPH]E4 ,9 MY ,URBANIZATION ,)\T ,CITIES AS WELL AS O!R WORKS1 ,I HAVE MADE C>EFUL BUT CRUCIAL DI/9CTIONS BETWE5 ?REE SOCIETAL REALMS3 ! SOCIAL1 ! POLITICAL1 & ! /ATE4 ,:AT PEOPLE DO 9 !IR HOMES1 :AT FRI5D%IPS !Y =M1 ! COMMUNAL LIFE/YLES !Y PRACTICE1 ! WAY !Y MAKE !IR LIV+1 !IR SEXUAL BEHAVIOR1 ! CULTURAL >TIFACTS !Y CONSUME1 & ! RAPTURE & EC/ASY !Y EXP]I5CE ON M\NTA9TOPS--ALL !SE P]SONAL AS WELL AS MAT]IALLY NECESS>Y ACTIVITIES BELONG TO :AT ,I CALL ! SOCIAL SPH]E ( LIFE4 ,FAMILIES1 FRI5DS1 & COMMUNAL LIV+ >RANGEM5TS >E P>T ( ! SOCIAL REALM4 ,AP>T FROM MATT]S ( HUMAN RIE CONC]N$ ) :AT PEOPLE DO 9 ?IS PUBLIC OR POLITICAL SPH]E1 NOT ) :AT PEOPLE DO 9 !IR B$ROOMS1 LIV+ ROOMS1 OR BASEM5TS4 ,CL>K1 = HIS P>T1 CLAIMS TO GO 0BEYOND0 ! POLITICAL REALM1 & EXPANSIVELY ATTEMPTS TO MAKE COOP]ATIVE 9/ITUTIONS \TSIDE ! POLITICAL SPH]E--:AT ,I CONSID] P>TS ( ! SOCIAL REALM1 NOT ! POLITICAL--9TO C5TRAL P>TS ( HIS APPROA* TO SOCIAL *ANGE4 0,POLITICAL PROGRAMS . MU/ BE PLAC$ )9 ! CONTEXT ( ! DEVELOPM5T ( A /RONG1 MANY-SID$ ECOLOGICAL COMMUNIT>IAN CULTURE10 HE WRITES--& V]ILY IT IS A 0CULTURE0 7NOT A POLITICS7 ( 0PRODUC] COOP]ATIVES1 CONSUM] COOP]ATIVES1 L& TRU/S1 & O!R MORE LIMIT$ COOP]ATIVE =MS10 POSSIBLY LIKE ! 0,MONDRAGON SY/EM .<:I*.> IS C]TA9LY NOT REVOLUTION>Y . HAS A*IEV$ NOTABLE SUCCESSES 9 9/ITUT+ MORE COOP]ATIVE & DEMOCRATIC =MS ( PRODUCTION0 7P4 #b#b74 ,9 EFFECT1 ,CL>K DISP5SES ) ! DI/9CTION BETWE5 ! POLITICAL & ! SOCIAL4 ,D\BTLESS1 ! WORKPLACE IS A REALM ?AT A MUNICIPALITY & CONF$]ATION ( MUNICIPALITIES HAS TO RECLAIM = ! POLITICAL SPH]E 9 ! FUTURE--9 A MUNICIPALIZ$ ECONOMY4 ,BUT TO 9CLUDE IT N[ 9 ?AT SPH]E1 REPLETE ) 0BOSSES0 7P4 #f71 NO LESS1 IS TO DISSOLVE ! POLITICAL 9TO ! SOCIAL AS IT EXI/S TODAY & TO MAKE ! UNTRANS=M$ REALM ( EXPLOITATION ANALOG\S TO ! TRANS=MATIVE REALM ( FRE$OM4 ,CL>K'S ACCUSATION ?AT ,I 0PRIORITIZE0 ! MUNICIPALITY OV] ! FAMILY & O!R DOME/IC >RANGEM5TS CAUSES ME SOME PUZZLEM5T4 ,EV5 A MODICUM ( A HI/ORICAL P]SPECTIVE %[S ?AT IT IS PRECISELY ! MUNICIPALITY ?AT MO/ 9DIVIDUALS MU/ DEAL ) DIRECTLY1 ONCE !Y LEAVE ! SOCIAL REALM & 5T] ! PUBLIC SPH]E4 ,D\BTLESS ! MUNICIPALITY IS USUALLY ! PLACE :]E EV5 A GREAT DEAL ( SOCIAL LIFE IS EXI/5TIALLY LIV$--S*OOL1 WORK1 5T]TA9M5T1 & SIMPLE PLEASURES LIKE WALK+1 BICYCL+1 & DISPORT+ !MSELVES1 :I* DOES NOT EFFACE ITS DI/9CTIV5ESS AS A UNIQUE SPH]E ( LIFE4 ,CL>K1 H[EV]1 ?OR\TL+ WAY3 0,MILLIONS ( 9DIVIDUALS .<6.> 9 MOD]N SOCIETY .<6.> DEAL MO/ DIRECTLY ) ! MASS M$IA10 HE TELLS US1 0BY WAY ( !IR TELEVISION SETS1 RADIOS1 NEWSPAP]S & MAGAZ9ES1 UNTIL !Y GO TO WORK & DEAL ) BOSSES1 C[ORK]S & TE*NOLOGIES1 AFT] :I* !Y RETURN TO ! DOME/IC HE>? .<6.> & FUR!R BOMB>DM5T BY ! MASS M$IA0 7P4 #f74 ,?IS R$UCTION ( ! HI/ORICO-CIVILIZATIONAL DOMA9 9TRODUC$ BY ! CITY SIMPLY TO 9DIVIDUALS 0MO/ DIRECTLY0 DEAL+ 0) !IR TELEVISION SETS1 RADIOS1 NEWSPAP]S1 & MAGAZ9ES0 IS NOT )\T A C]TA9 SPL5DOR1 PUTT+ AS IT DOES \R 0RELATION%IPS0 ) ! MOD]N MASS M$IA ON AN EQUAL PLANE ) ! RELATION%IPS ?AT FREE OR 9CREAS+LY FREE CITIZ5S C\LD HAVE 9 ! CIVIC SPH]E OR POLITICAL DOMA94 ,NOT EV5 DEMOCRACY ITSELF IS IMMUNE TO DISSOLUTION 9TO ! PRIVATE & P]SONAL4 0,IT W\LD BE A MI/AKE TO ASSOCIATE DEMOCRACY ) ANY =M ( DECISION-MAK+10 ,CL>K ADVISES4 ,= ! 0ULTIMATE .<6.> EXPRESSION ( DEMOCRACY10 HE TELLS US1 0IS ! CREATION ( A DEMOCRATIC SY/EM ( VALUES 9 A COMMUNITY ?AT IS EMBODI$ 9 ! LIVES & SOCIAL PRACTICES ( ALL ! PEOPLE4 ,EV]Y .<6.> ACTION 9 EV]Y .<6.> SPH]E ( LIFE .<6.> IS A K9D .<6.> ( LEGISLAT+1 :E!R ONE DOES SO ?R\< UN?9K+LY MIMICK+ O!RS OR ?R\< EXPRESS+ SOME?+ ?AT HAS NEV] EXI/$ BE=E0 7P4 #b74 ,IS DEMOCRACY REALLY TO BE R$UC$ M]ELY TO ,CL>K'S IRRESPONSIBLE 0SURREGIONALI/0 WORDPLAY8 ,IS IT TO BE SO TRIVIALIZ$ ?AT IT 9CLUDES ! 0LEGISLAT+0 WE DO 9 \R PRIVIES8 ,! GASPS WE EMIT AFT] ORGASMS8 ,! ,WALT] ,MITTY FANTASIES WE HAVE :ILE 9S]T+ C>BURETORS 9TO AN AUTOMOBILE 5G9E ON AN ASSEMBLY L9E8 ,IF ,CL>K CAN PUT 0UN?9K+ MIMICK+0 ON ! SAME PLANE AS RATIONAL DISC\RSE1 WE HAVE BROK5 AWAY NOT ONLY FROM POLITICS BUT FROM ADUL?OOD & MU/ SURR5D] A HI/ORIC A*IEVEM5T--DEMOCRACY--TO ! D>KNESS ( 9FANTILE MIMESIS4 ,I,V ,ONE ( ! MORE BIZ>RE FEATURES ( ,CL>K'S ESSAY IS ?AT HE ATTEMPTS TO M9E SOCIAL ECOLOGY1 ESPECIALLY MY [N WRIT+S1 9 ORD] TO JU/IFY HIS OBFUSCATION ( ! POLITICAL & SOCIAL4 ,HE LOOKS = PLACES :]E ,I UPHELD ! IMPORTANCE ( COOP]ATIVES OR C\NT]CULTURAL 5DEAVORS1 APP>5TLY 9 AN ATTEMPT TO %[ ?AT ,I ONCE CONSID]$ COOP]ATIVES & COMMUNAL LIV+ >RANGEM5TS TO BE QU9TESS5TIALLY POLITICAL AT AN E>LI] /AGE ( MY ?9K+1 RA!R ?AN CULTURAL OR SOCIAL1 & ?AT ! DEVELOPM5T ( MY LIB]T>IAN MUNICIPALI/ IDEAS HAS CON/ITUT$ A REPLACEM5T ( ?IS OLD] IDEA 9 MY WORK4 ,9 FACT1 MO/ ( ,CL>K'S CITATIONS FROM MY WORKS >E \TRIE CRUDELY REMOV$ FROM !IR CONTEXT4 ,ON PAGE #b ( HIS ESSAY1 TO TAKE JU/ ONE EXAMPLE1 ! READ] IS TOLD ?AT 0ESPECIALLY 9 . E>LY WORKS FROM ! MID-#f'S1 .<,I.> EXPRESS$ CONSID]ABLE 5?USIASM = A V>IETY ( APPROA*ES TO POLITICAL1 ECONOMIC & CULTURAL *ANGE40 ,:]EUPON1 TURN+ TO MY ESSAY 0,! ,=MS ( ,FRE$OM0--:I* ,I WROTE NE>LY ?IRTY YE>S AGO 79 ,JANU>Y #a#i#f#h7--,CL>K ADDUCES A PASSAGE :]E9 ,I FAVORABLY 5VISION 0Y\NG PEOPLE R5EW+ SOCIAL LIFE JU/ AS !Y R5EW ! HUMAN SPECIES0 BY LEAV+ L>GE CITIES1 F\ND+ 0NUCLE> ECOLOGICAL COMMUNITIES0 AS 0! MOD]N CITY BEG9S TO %RIVEL1 TO CONTRACT & TO DISAPPE>0 7EMPHASIS ADD$74 ,CL>K NOT ONLY W>PS ?IS QUOTATION BY REMOV+ IT FROM ITS CONTEXT 9 0,! ,=MS ( ,FRE$OM0 BUT HE JUMBLES ! 0POLITICAL1 ECONOMIC & CULTURAL10 AS ?\< 9 ! DEVELOPM5T ( MY ?9K+1 CONF$]AL MUNICIPALISM LAT] REPLAC$ ?IS 0V>IETY ( APPROA*ES0 TO POLITICAL LIFE4 ,LET ME /ATE FROM ! \TSET ?AT ,I NEV] DECL>$ EV5 9 ! #a#i#hS & #a#i#iS ?AT CONF$]AL MUNICIPALISM IS A SUB/ITUTE = ! MANIFOLD DIM5SIONS ( CULTURAL OR EV5 PRIVATE LIFE4 0,! ,=MS ( ,FRE$OM10 ! ESSAY FROM :I* ,CL>K DRAWS ! QUOTATION1 IS OV]:ELM+LY DEVOT$ TO VALIDAT+1 ( ALL ?+S1 CIVIC POPUL> ASSEMBLIES4 ,OR--D>E ,I USE ! WORDS8--LIB]T>IAN MUNICIPALISM1 AL?\< ,I DID NOT YET CALL IT BY ?AT NAME 7REPR9T$ 9 ,PO/-,SC>CITY ,AN>*ISM1 H]E9AFT] CIT$ AS ,P,S,A74 ,?US1 )9 ! SPACE ( EIISIAN REVOLUTION>Y SECTIONS ( ! #a#g#iS 7= ANO!R F\R PAGES71 & LAT] ! ECCLESIA & ! SECTIONS AGA91 = ANO!R ?REE PAGES4 ,ON PAGE #a#f#h1 ,I EV5 PO9T TO ! 0FAM\S PROBLEM ( 'DUAL P[]'0 & ! 0DANG] ( ! 9CIPI5T /ATE0 ?AT MIK'S OBS]VATION4 ,! PASSAGE ?AT ,CL>K QUOTES FROM 0,! ,=MS ( ,FRE$OM0 ON 0Y\NG PEOPLE0 :O WILL R5EW 0SOCIAL LIFE10 AS IT HAPP5S1 APPE>S 9 ! LA/ P>AGRAPH ( ?IS L5G?Y ESSAY1 ! OV]:ELM+ BULK ( :I* EXPLICITLY FOCUSES ON H[ WE CAN BEG9 TO PHYSICALLY DEC5TRALIZE L>GE CITIES4 ,CL>K ?US DI/ORTS ! S5SE 9 :I* ,I 05VISION Y\NG PEOPLE R5EW+ SOCIAL LIFE0 & M9IMIZES MY EMPHASIS ON POPUL> ASSEMBLIES1 FROM NEIIAN SOCIETY4 ,I EMPHASIZ$ !SE !MES BACK 9 #aifh & EV5 9 MY WRIT+S ( ! #a#i#eS4 ,SO EMPHATICALLY DID ,I /RESS ! IMPORTANCE ( P>TICIPATION 9 LOCAL ELECTIONS 9 MY LEAD >TICLE 70,SPR+ ,(F5SIVES & ,SUMM] ,VACATIONS07 9 ! LA/ ISSUE ( ,AN>*OS 79 #a#i#g#b71 ?AT ,JUDI? ,MAL9A1 ) ! AID ( AN AN>*I/ PR9T]1 9S]T$ A CRITICISM ( ELECTORALISM 9TO ! MAGAZ9E )\T MY CONS5T OR ?AT ( ! $ITORS 7AN ILLU/RATION ( ! 0MORALITY0 TO :I* SOME ( \R HI<-M9D$ AN>*I/S >E PRONE74 ,CL>K'S MODUS OP]&I M>KS NE>LY EV]Y QUOTATION HE ADDUCES TO SUPPORT HIS CLAIM ?AT MY VIEWS UND]W5T A TRANS=MATION--AS ?\< A TRANS=MATION AS SU* W]E SOMEH[ REPREH5SIBLE4 ,/ILL1 IDEAS SIMIL> TO LIB]T>IAN MUNICIPALISM--! 0F9AL /EP10 9 :I* 0! MUNICIPALITY BECOMES ! C5TRAL POLITICAL REALITY1 & ! MUNICIPAL ASSEMBLY1 BECOMES ! PREEM95T ORGAN .<6.> ( DEMOCRATIC POLITICS0 7P4 #b71 AS HE PUTS IT 9 HIS V]Y CRUDE REPHRAS+-->E DESCRIB$ 9 MANY ( MY #a#i#fS & #a#i#gS WRIT+S1 9CLUD+ 0,ECOLOGY & ,REVOLUTION>Y ,?\Y #a#i#f#e1 9 ,P,S,A PP4 #h-#h#a7 & 0,SELF-,MANAGEM5T & ! ,NEW ,TE*NOLOGY0 7,JUNE #a#i#g#i1 9 ,T[>D AN ,ECOLOGICAL ,SOCIETY1 H]E9AFT] CIT$ AS ,T,E,S1 P4 #a#a#e74 ,:5 ,CL>K PULLS A QUOTATION FROM 0,T[>D A ,VISION ( ! ,URBAN ,FUTURE0 7,DECEMB] #a#i#g#h1 9 ,T,E,S1 PP4 #a#h#b-#h#c7 TO SUPPORT HIS CLAIM ?AT ,I 0LOOK ) FAVOR ON A V>IETY ( POPUL> 9ITIATIVES0 SU* AS 0BLOCK COMMITTEES1 EQUITY PROGRAMS1 AD HOC COMMITTEES10 & ! LIKE .<,CL>K1 P4 #b.>71 IT IS ON A PAGE DIRECTLY OPPOSITE FROM ONE ON :I* IDEAS ( LIB]T>IAN MUNICIPALISM APPE>4 ,HIS 5DEAVOR TO PORTRAY ME AS A FICKLE ?9K] :OSE 0POLITICAL VISION HAS MOV$ FROM RADICAL UTOPIANISM1 TO REVOLUTION>Y AN>*ISM1 TO MUNICIPAL SOCIALISM0--NO LESS6--IS COMPLETELY CYNICAL4 ,?AT ,I HAVE ANY?+ 9 COMMON ) 0MUNICIPAL SOCIALISM0 & ?AT ,I AB&ON$ 0RADICAL UTOPIANISM0 = 0REVOLUTION>Y AN>*ISM0--AS ?\< ! TWO W]E 9COMPATIBLE--RE/S 5TIRELY ON HIS GROSSLY MISLEAD+ QUOTATIONS4 ,MO/ AL>M+1 H[EV]1 IS ,CL>K'S ELIM9ATION ( ! DI/9CTIV5ESS ( ! REALMS ( ! POLITICAL1 SOCIAL1 & /ATE1 REPLAC+ ! POLITICAL REALM ) ! P]SONAL1 OR MORE PRECISELY1 DISSOLV+ ! POLITICAL 9TO ! P]SONAL & EV5 ABOLI%+ IT4 ,HE V>I\SLY ABSORBS POLITICAL PRACTICES 9TO LIFE/YLE PLEASURES & P]SONALI/IC PROTE/S1 & PUBLIC ORGANIZATIONAL LIFE 9TO 9]T COMMUNES & COLLECTIVES4 ,LET ME EMPHASIZE ?AT ,I DO LOOK ) FAVOR UPON COOP]ATIVE 9ITIATIVES--0BACKY>D REVOLUTIONS10 TO USE ! PHRASE ( ! COMMUNIT>IAN SOCIAL DEMOCRAT ,H>RY ,BOYTE--AS LAUDABLE $UCATIONAL EX]CISES 9 POPUL> SELF-MANAGEM5T4 ,AT ! TIME :5 !Y OCCURR$ 9 ! #a#i#gS & #a#i#hS1 9 PLACES LIKE ,NEW ,YORK ,CITY'S ,L[] ,EA/ ,SIDE1 !Y SUGGE/$ A HOPEFUL TR5D T[>D LOCAL CONTROL4 ,CONTR>Y TO :AT ,CL>K SEEMS TO MA9TA91 H[EV]1 ,I NEV] BELIEV$ !Y W]E BASIC SOLUTIONS TO \R POLITICAL PROBLEMS NOR LA/+ SUB/ITUTES = A MUNICIPALI/ POLITICS4 ,LET ME FUR!R ADD ?AT1 REGRETTABLY1 NE>LY ALL !SE COOP]ATIVE 9ITIATIVES HAVE FAIL$1 EV5 AS EXP]IM5TS1 & HAVE EI!R FAD$ FROM ! MUNICIPAL SC5ES 9 :I* !Y EM]G$1 /AGNAT$ AS MORIBUND RELICS ( AN ]A WA%$ AWAY BY ! SOCIAL REACTION ( ! #a#i#iS1 OR REGRETTABLY1 BECOME PURELY PRIVATIZ$1 LIKE ! CONDOM9IUM DWELL+S SO NOTABLE 9 ,NEW ,YORK & O!R MAJOR CITIES4 ,A GOOD MANY HAVE BECOME ?RIV+ CAPITALI/IC 5T]PRISES 9 !IR [N RIK HIMSELF CONC$ES1 COOP]ATIVE 5T]PRISES MAY 0ADOPT CAPITALI/ PR9CIPLES ( RATIONALITY0 ?AT !Y !N MY/IFY ) AN ECOCAPITALI/ 0MESSAGE40 ,UND] ! PRES5T SOCIAL ORD]1 NO FOOD COOP1 H[EV] WELL-9T5TION$1 WILL EV] REPLACE ! ,GR& ,UNION SUP]M>KET *A91 NOR WILL ANY COLLECTIVE DEP>TM5T /ORE REPLACE ,WAL-,M>T4 ,& IT TURNS \T ?AT EV5 ! ,MONDRAGON SY/EM HAS BECOME 9CREAS+LY HI]>*ICAL & PR(IT-ORI5T$ OV] TIME RA!R ?AN 0COOP]ATIVE & DEMOCRATIC40 ,9DE$1 AS ,CL>K ADMITS1 0IT IS TRUE ?AT COOP]ATIVES HAVE NOT FULLY .<6.> TRANS=M$ SOCIETY1 & IT NOT LIKELY ?AT !Y WILL QUICKLY .<6.> DO SO0 7P4 #b#b74 ,V ,AN IMPORTANT COMPON5T ( ,CL>K'S ATTACK IS AN ASSAULT ON ! CONCEPT ( CITIZ5%IP1 :I* IS BASIC TO LIB]T>IAN MUNICIPALISM4 ,CL>K APPLAUDS MY C\NT]POSITION ( ! 0CITIZ50 TO ! 0DOM9ANT REPRES5TATIONS ( ! SELF AS AN EGOI/IC CALCULATOR0 7P4 #c71 & HE NOTES ?AT ,I REG>D ! CITIZ5 AS ! 0'NUCLE> UNIT' ( A NEW POLITICS40 ,BUT TYPICALLY1 HE !N PROCE$S TO SUGGE/ ?AT MY 0IMAGE HAS LIMITATIONS0 7P4 #c74 ,ALAS1 DON'T WE ALL8 ,I HOLD NO VIEWS ?AT >E C>V$ 9 /ONE1 LEA/ ( ALL 0UNLIMIT$0 VIEWS ?AT 5COMPASS REALITY = ALL TIME4 7,CL>K EXPRESSES HIS [N IDEAS 9 ?IS ESSAY ) SO MANY QUALIFI]S--SU* AS IF1 MAYBE1 POSSIBLY1 & PROBABLY--?AT IT IS UNCLE> :E!R HE HAS ANY CONCRETE VIEWS ( HIS [N AT ALL47 ,BUT :AT IS ! LIMITATION ( MY DISCUSSION ( CITIZ5%IP8 ,! LIMITATION IS ?AT ,I IMP>T TO ?IS 0NUCLE> UNIT10 SAYS ,CL>K1 A 0PRIVILEG$ =M ( SELF-ID5TITY0 7P4 #c74 ,?IS P$E/RIAN CRITICISM IS PRECISELY ( ! SORT ?AT C\LD BE EXPECT$ FROM A MIDDLE-CLASS PHILI/9E4 ,>E WE TALK+ AB\T POLITICS OR SELF-ID5TITY8 ,OR = ?AT MATT]1 AB\T 0SELF-IMAGES10 AS ,CL>K PUTS IT A FEW L9ES LAT]8 ,!SE T]MS1 ALL SO V]Y DIFF]5T 9 MEAN+1 >E = ,CL>K ALL ( A PIECE1 SYNONYMS = A HAZY 0SELFHOOD0 ?AT 9 REALITY TAKES SIGNIFICANTLY DIFF]5T =MS1 DEP5D+ UPON ! CIRCUM/ANCES 9 :I* IT IS DEVELOP$1 H[ IT IS EXPRESS$1 & ! UND]/&+ ?AT 9DIVIDUALS HAVE ( :AT CON/ITUTES !IR SELVES4 ,TO BE SURE1 PEOPLE HAVE V]Y DIFF]5T 0SELF-ID5TITIES0 & 0SELF-IMAGES40 ,!Y >E FA!RS & MO!RS1 *ILDR5 & SIBL+S1 MALES & FEMALES1 PR(ESSORS & /UD5TS1 & EV5 DEEP ECOLOGI/S & SOCIAL ECOLOGI/S 7DESPITE ,CL>K'S [N ATTEMPTS TO BLUR ?IS LA/ DI/9CTION74 ,PEOPLE ALSO EAT1 SLEEP1 DR9K1 WORK1 & ?9K 7HOPEFULLY7 & >E LIKELY TO =M AN 9F9ITE NUMB] ( 0IMAG9>Y SELF-IMAGES40 ,& !Y >E POLITICAL BE+S AS WELL1 P>TICIPAT+ AS CITIZ5S 9 ! PUBLIC SPH]E4 ,TO REM$Y ! LIMITATIONS ( MY PRESUMABLY N>R[ CONCEPT ( 0CITIZ5%IP10 ,CL>K 9VITES ! READ] TO CONTRA/ IT ) HIS [N EXPANSIVE CATEGORY ( 0P]SONHOOD10 :I* WILL ALL[ US1 HE SAYS1 TO ?9K ( \RSELVES AS 0NOT ONLY AS CITIZ5S ( A T[N1 CITY OR NEI? ITSELF0 7P4 #c74 ,=TIFI$ ) ?IS DEEP ECOLOGY BABBLE1 ,CL>K RECOMM5DS TO ! READ] A 0BIOREGIONAL POLITICS0 ?AT 0EXP&S \R VIEW ( ! POLITICAL1 BY ASSOCIAT+ IT MORE ) ! PROCESSES ( ECOLOGICALLY-GR\ND$ CULTURAL CREATIVITY & ) A MUTUALI/IC1 COOP]ATIVE PROCESS ( SELF-EXPRESSION BETWE5 HUMAN COMMUNITY & NATURE0 7P4 #b#d74 ,! CONCLUSION ,CL>K F9ALLY DRAWS FROM HIS LABORI\S CRITIQUE IS ! NE$ = 5LIK'S PR(ESSIONS ( BE+ A SUP]LATIVE DIALECTICIAN NOT)/&+1 HIS CAPACITY TO DISSOLVE ALL ! PHASES OR 0MOM5TS0 ?AT MAKE UP A DEVELOPM5T 9TO A COSMIC 0,ON5ESS0 IS /RIK+LY EVID5T H]E4 ,9DE$1 NOT ONLY DOES HE DISSOLVE ! POLITICAL 9TO ! SOCIAL & ! SOCIAL 9TO ! P]SONAL1 BUT ! P]SONAL SUDD5LY EXPLODES 9TO AN AIRY 0E>? CITIZ510 COMPLETE ) 0FELL[ CITIZ5S10 PRESUMABLY BE>S1 BEES1 RIV]S1 ROCKS1 & VOLCANOES4 ,:Y IT IS ?AT ,CL>K1 BORR[+ AS HE SO (T5 DOES FROM ! ECO!OLOGICAL CLAPTRAP G5]AT$ BY ,FA!R ,?OMAS ,B]RY1 DOES NOT R$UCE US TO 0MAMMALHOOD0 9 ! C\RSE ( R$UC+ US FROM 0CITIZ5%IP0 TO 0P]SONHOOD0 IS BEYOND MY UND]/&+4 ,9 FACT1 NOT ONLY DOES ,CL>K R$UCE ! NOTION ( CITIZ5%IP TO 0P]SONHOOD10 HE E!REALIZES P]SONHOOD TO VA/LY 0GLOBAL0 PROPORTIONS4 ,& LE/ WE BELIEVE ?AT ,CL>K'S SEM9AL DISCOV]Y ( 0P]SONHOOD0 MEANS SOME?+ MORE ?AN DIFF]5T FACETS ( A QUASI-,HEIDEGG]IAN 0,BE+0 OR 0,DASE910 HE EXUB]ANTLY DECL>ES1 0,EA* P]SON W\LD 4 4 4 SEE ! FUNDAM5TAL S\RCE ( HIS OR H] ID5TITY 9 BE+ A MEMB] ( ! HUMAN COMMUNITY1 OR P]HAPS MORE ECOLOGICALLY1 AS A MEMB] ( ! E>? COMMUNITY4 ,& WE W\LD !N BE A LONG WAY FROM MUNICIPALISM0 7P4 #d74 ,YES--9DE$ WE W\LD6 ,9 SO HAZY & VACU\S A VIEW ( CITIZ5%IP1 NOT ONLY HAS ! P]SONAL FAIL$ TO BECOME ! POLITICAL1 BUT ! POLITICAL COMPLETELY DISAPPE>S 9TO ! P]SONAL & EV5 9TO ! COSMIC4 ,NOT SURPRIS+LY1 IT IS A HIK TURNS 9TO AN 9*OATE 0,BE+10 ( :I* EV]Y?+--POLITICAL1 SOCIAL1 PSY*OLOGICAL1 VOCATIONAL1 ECOLOGICAL1 & ECONOMIC--BECOMES A M]E DIM5SION4 ,AS US$ BY ,CL>K1 ! WORD CITIZ5 BECOMES SO ELA/IC1 DIFFUSE1 & VACU\S ?AT WE >E LO/ 9 A 0NIE BLACK10 TO USE AN APHORISM POPUL>IZ$ BY ,HEGEL4 ,?IS FLATT5$ VIEW ( HUMAN REALITY ALL[S NO?+ TO COME 9TO CLE> RELIEF1 PHILOSOPHICAL DEF9ITION1 DEVELOPM5TAL ELABORATION1 OR !ORETICAL >TICULATION4 ,TODAY1 ! CONCEPT ( CITIZ5%IP HAS ALREADY UND]GONE S]I\S ]OSION ?R\< ! R$UCTION ( CITIZ5S TO 0CON/ITU5TS0 ( /ATI/ JURISDICTIONS OR TO 0TAXPAY]S0 :O SU/A9 /ATI/ 9/ITUTIONS4 ,TO FUR!R R$UCE CITIZ5%IP TO 0P]SONHOOD0 IS NO?+ %ORT ( REACTION>Y4 ,IT TOOK LONG MILL5NIA = ,HI/ORY TO CREATE ! CONCEPT ( ! CITIZ5 AS A SELF-MANAG+ & COMPET5T AG5T 9 DEMOCRATICALLY %AP+ A POLITY4 ,DUR+ ! ,FR5* ,REVOLUTION ! T]M CITOY5 WAS US$ PRECISELY TO EFFACE ! /ATUS-G5]AT$ RELEGATION ( 9DIVIDUALS TO M]E 0SUBJECTS0 ( ! ,B\RBON K+S4 ,MOREOV]1 REVOLUTION>IES ( ! LA/ C5TURY--FROM ,M>X TO ,BAKUN9--REF]R$ TO !MSELVES AS 0CITIZ5S0 LONG BE=E ! APPELLATION 0COMRADE0 REPLAC$ IT4 ,CL>K'S R$UCTIONISM 0LIB]ATES0 US FROM ! NE$ TO ?9K \T ! K9DS ( 9/ITUTIONS ?AT W\LD BE REQUIR$ 9 A RATIONAL1 ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY2 ! K9D ( POLITICS WE %\LD APPROPRIATELY PRACTICE2 9 FACT1 ! V]Y EXI/5CE ( A QUALITATIVELY UNIQUE SPH]E CALL$ ! CIVITAS1 & ITS HI/ORY OR DIALECTIC4 ,NOR W\LD WE BE OBLIG$ TO DEVELOP A G5]AL CIVIC 9T]E/ ?AT C\LD MAKE = A COMMUNITY DI/+UI%ABLE FROM A PRIVATI/IC 0AFF9ITY GR\P10 OR A COMMUNE 9 A ,L\ISIANA BAY\1 OR A CRA% PAD 9 ,NEW ,ORLEANS1 OR A FOOD COOP]ATIVE1 OR A NEIK TO FLIPPANTLY DIM9I% ! UNIQU5ESS ( CITIZ5%IP1 SO PREGNANT ) POLITICAL MEAN+1 TO A HIPPIE METAPHOR = 0SURREGIONALI/0 EFFUSIONS AB\T ! E>? & ITS 9HABITANTS IS GROSSLY REGRESSIVE4 ,9 ! NAME ( BE+ 0EXPANSIVE10 ,CL>K ACTUALLY DIM9I%ES PEOPLE TO M]E COMPON5TS ( A PLANET>Y DOMA91 NOT UNLIKE ,JAMES ,LOVELOCK'S >ROGANT DESIGNATION ( HUMAN BE+S AS M]E 09TELLIG5T FLEAS0 ?AT P>ASITIZE ! SACR$ BODY ( 0,GAIA40 ,CL>K'S SEEM+LY WID5$ SCOPE ( 0CITIZ5%IP0 !REBY DIVE/S CITIZ5%IP ( ITS CRUCIAL POLITICAL CONT5T--9 ! NAME ( BROAD5+ ?AT CONT5T OR GO+ 0BEYOND0 IT4 ,SO ALL-5COMPASS+ & VACU\S DOES CITIZ5%IP BECOME ?AT IT IS /RIPP$ ( ITS RI* HI/ORICAL CONT5T4 ,WE LOSE SI\ND BIOLOGICAL FACTS LIKE K9%IP1 G5D] DIFF]5CES1 & AGE GR\PS1 & %\LD BE P>T ( A SECUL>1 RATIONAL1 & HUMANE COMMUNITY4 ,9DE$1 MU* ( ! ,NATIONAL ,SOCIALI/ W> AGA9/ 0,JEWI% COSMOPOLITANISM0 WAS 9 FACT AN E?NICALLY 7VOLKIS*7 NATIONALI/IC W> AGA9/ ! ,5LI*ICAL ,FUHR]PR9ZIP4 ,ONCE CITIZ5%IP BECOMES CONT5TLESS AS A RESULT ( ! DEFLATION ( ITS EXI/5TIAL POLITICAL REALITY OR1 EQUALLY TREA*]\SLY1 BY ! EXPANSION ( ITS HI/ORIC DEVELOPM5T 9TO A 0PLANET>Y0 METAPHOR1 WE HAVE COME A LONG WAY T[>D ACCEPT+ ! B>B>ISM ?AT ! CAPITALI/ SY/EM IS N[ FO/]+ ) ,HEIDEGG]IAN V]SIONS ( ECOLOGY4 ,V,I ,HAV+ DIVE/$ CITIZ5%IP ( ITS HI/ORICAL & CIVIC MEAN+1 ,CL>K SUDD5LY BACKTRACKS FROM ! TRANSC5D5TAL1 9DE$ ! COSMIC 0E>? CITIZ5%IP0 9TO :I* HE HAS VAPORIZ$ CIVIC CITIZ5%IP1 9TO AN E>?Y CONC]N = ! MUNDANE1 BY CLAIM+ ?AT ,I DEEMPHASIZE 0! ROLE ( ECONOMIC CLASS ANALYSIS0 7P4 #d74 ,:ILE HE CONC$ES ?AT ,I EMPHASIZE 0TRANSCLASS ISSUES LIKE ECOLOGY1 FEM9ISM1 & A S5SE ( CIVIC RESPONSIBILITY TO NEIE 9 FACT 0BO? CLASS & TRANSCLASS ISSUES1 S9CE !Y HAVE A G5]AL *>ACT]1 BUT ALSO A QUITE SPECIFIC MEAN+ 9 RELATION TO ECONOMIC CLASS1 NOT TO M5TION G5D]1 E?NICITY1 & O!R CONSID]ATIONS0 7P4 #d74 ,I H>DLY NE$ ! CAMPUS-B\ND ,JOHN ,CL>K TO ADVISE ME ?AT CLASS1 G5D]1 & E?NIC ANTAGONISMS EXI/ &1 P>TICUL>LY 9 ! CASE ( CLASS1 HAVE TO BE F\Y CONCLUSIONS4 ,I HAVE FREQU5TLY CRITICIZ$ DEEP ECOLOGI/S = TREAT+ 0HUMANITY0 AS AN AB/RACT CATEGORY1 )\T DIFF]5TIAT+ BETWE5 EXPLOIT$ & EXPLOIT]1 OPPRESS$ & OPPRESSOR4 ,9DE$1 9 MY BITT] DEBATE ) DEEP ECOLOGY BEG9N+ 9 #a#i#h#g1 ,I CIT$ REPEAT$LY ?AT ! REAL MALEFACTORS 9 ! ECOLOGICAL CRISIS >E NOT HUMAN BE+S AS SU* BUT CAPITALI/S GUID$ BY A GR[-OR-DIE M>KETPLACE RELATION%IP4 ,REM>KABLY1 ! SAME ,JOHN ,CL>K :O N[ TAKES IT UPON HIMSELF TO REM9D ME AB\T ! EXI/5CE ( CLASS 9 FACT AB/A9$1 ) ,OLYMPIAN DISDA91 FROM P>TICIPAT+ 9 ! SOCIAL ECOLOGY-DEEP ECOLOGY DEBATE1 P]SI/5TLY REMA9+ ALO( EV5 AS IT ATTA9$ HEAT$ PROPORTIONS4 ,9 ! LINE ,NAESS 7A ,G&HIAN AN>*I/ :O UPHOLDS1 9 ,ECOLOGY1 ,COMMUNITY1 ,LIFE/YLE1 ! NE$ = A /RONG1 C5TRALIZ$ /ATE & F9DS VALUE 9 ,9DIA'S CA/E SY/EM71 ,FA!R ,B]RY'S MAL$ICTIONS ON ! HUMAN SPECIES 9 ,! ,DREAM ( ! ,E>?1 & ,DAVID ,=EMAN'S REGRESSION TO HIS E>LI] MISAN?ROPIC VIEWS1 BESPEAKS AN 9TELLECTUAL S]VILITY ?AT IS B5EA? CONTEMPT4 ,! FACT IS ?AT 0! ,PEOPLE0 ,I 9VOKE1 & :I* ,CL>K CRITICIZES1 DOES NOT 9CLUDE ,*ASE ,MANHATTAN ,BANK1 ,G5]AL ,MOTORS1 OR ANY CLASS EXPLOIT]S & ECONOMIC B&ITS4 ,NOR IS 0HUMANITY0 A M]E BIOLOGICAL SPECIES ?AT1 9 ,FA!R ,B]RY'S LANGUAGE1 HAS TO BE 0RE9V5T$0--!REBY TOSS+ \R SPECIES'S BIOLOGICAL UNIQU5ESS & ITS 5ORM\SLY IMPORTANT SOCIAL HI/ORY \T ( ! W9D[4 ,! 0,PEOPLE0 ,I AM ADDRESS+ >E AN OPPRESS$ HUMANITY1 ALL ( :OM MU/--IF !Y >E TO ELIM9ATE !IR OPPRESSIONS--TRY TO REMOVE !IR %>$ ROOTS ( OPPRESSION AS SU*4 ,SO DO LET US AGREE ?AT WE CANNOT IGNORE CLASS 9T]E/S BY COMPLETELY ABSORB+ !M 9TO TRANSCLASS ONES4 ,BUT 9 \R TIME1 P>TICUL>IZATION IS BE+ OV]EMPHASIZ$1 TO ! PO9T :]E ANY %>$ /RUGGLE MU/ N[ OV]COME NOT ONLY DIFF]5CES 9 CLASS1 G5D]1 E?NICITY1 0& O!R ISSUES10 BUT NATIONALISM1 RELIGI\S ZEALOTRY1 & ID5TITY BAS$ ON EV5 M9OR DI/9CTIONS 9 /ATUS4 ,! ROLE ( ! REVOLUTION>Y MOVEM5T = OV] TWO C5TURIES HAS BE5 TO EMPHASIZE \R %>$ HUMANITY PRECISELY AGA9/ RUL+ /ATUS GR\PS & RUL+ CLASSES--:I* ,M>X1 EV5 9 S+L+ \T ! PROLET>IAT AS HEGEMONIC1 VIEW$ AS A 0UNIV]SAL CLASS40 ,NOR >E ALL 0IMAGES0 ?AT PEOPLE HAVE ( !MSELVES AS CLASSES1 G5D]S1 RACES1 NATIONALITIES1 & CULTURAL GR\PS RATIONAL OR HUMANE1 OR EVID5CE ( CONSCI\SNESS1 OR DESIRABLE FROM A RADICAL VIEWPO9T4 ,9 PR9CIPLE1 GIV5 ,CL>K'S SWEEP+ OSCILLATIONS FROM ! E!REAL HEI? CITIZ5%IP0 TO ! MAT]IAL DROSS ( CLASS BE+S1 !RE IS NO REASON :Y DIFF]ANCE AS SU* %\LD NOT 5TANGLE US & P>ALYZE US COMPLETELY 9 \R MULTIF>I\S & SELF-5CLOS$ 0P>TICUL>ITY10 9 PO/MOD]NI/1 9DE$ ,D]RIDEAN FA%ION4 ,! DE=MATIONS ( ! PA/ W]E CREAT$ 9 VA/ MEASURE BY ! FAM\S 0SOCIAL QUE/ION10 NOTABLY BY CLASS EXPLOITATION1 :I* 9 GREAT MEASURE C\LD HAVE BE5 REM$I$ BY TE*NOLOGICAL ADVANCES4 ,9 %ORT1 !Y W]E SC>CITY SOCIETIES--ALBEIT NOT ?AT ALONE1 IF Y\ PLEASE4 ,( C\RSE A NEW SOCIAL-ECOLOGICAL S5SIBILITY HAS TO BE CREAT$1 AS DO NEW VALUES & RELATION%IPS1 & IT WILL BE DONE P>TLY BY OV]COM+ ECONOMIC NE$1 H[EV] ECONOMIC NE$ IS CON/RU$4 ,9 ?IS RESPECT1 ,CL>K SAYS NO?+ NEW--OR ALI5 TO SOCIAL ECOLOGY ,/ILL1 HI/ORY CA/S A D>K & LONG %AD[ ON ! 5DEAVORS ( L>GELY SPIRITUALI/IC MOVEM5TS1 = :I* ,CL>K & HIS NEW DEEP ECOLOGY COLLEAGUES EXHIBIT SU* AN AFF9ITY--MOVEM5TS ?AT TRI$ = ?\S&S ( YE>S TO 0R$EEM0 HUMANITY ) LOVE1 C>E1 %>+1 & EV5 MORE P[]FULLY1 RELIGION1 GODS1 GODDESSES1 & WIT*CRAFT1 AS WELL AS EC/ASY & IMAG9ATION4 ,!IR FAILURE CAN BE MEASUR$ BY ! EXT5T TO :I* ,W9D[S #ie HAS CAPTIVAT$ MILLIONS & ,WAL-,M>T IS CORN]+ ! CONSUM] M>KET4 ,9DE$1 TODAY1 :5 P>O*IAL DIFF]5CES AMONG ! OPPRESS$ HAVE BE5 R$UC$ TO MICROSCOPIC DIVISIONS1 IT IS ALL ! MORE IMPORTANT = A REVOLUTION>Y MOVEM5T TO RESOLUTELY PO9T \T ! COMMON S\RCES ( OPPRESSION AS SU* & ! EXT5T TO :I* COMMODIFICATION HAS UNIV]SALIZ$ !M--P>TICUL>LY GLOBAL CAPITALISM 7A WORD ?AT B>ELY F9D A PLACE 9 ,CL>K'S TRACT74 ,LITTLE D\BT %\LD EXI/ ?AT A CALL = AN 5D TO ECONOMIC EXPLOITATION MU/ BE A C5TRAL FEATURE 9 ANY SOCIAL ECOLOGY PROGRAM & MOVEM5T1 :I* >E P>T ( ! ,5LIY \TCOME4 ,! ESS5CE ( DIALECTIC--A T]M ?AT DROPS FROM ,CL>K'S LIPS 9TO COSMIC OBLIVION--IS TO ALWAYS SE>* \T :AT IS NEW 9 ANY DEVELOPM5T3 SPECIFICALLY1 = ! PURPOSES ( ?IS DISCUSSION1 ! EM]G5CE A TRANSCLASS ,PEOPLE1 SU* AS OPPRESS$ WOM51 PEOPLE ( COLOR1 EV5 ! MIDDLE CLASSES1 AS WELL AS SUBCULTURES DEF9$ BY SEXUAL PREF]5CES & LIFE/YLES4 ,TO P>TICUL>IZE DI/9CTIONS 7L>GELY CREAT$ BY ! EXI/+ SOCIAL ORD]7 TO ! PO9T ( R$UC+ OPPRESS$ PEOPLE TO SEEM+LY 0DIV]SE P]SONS0--9DE$1 TO M]E 0P]SONHOOD0--IS TO FE$ 9TO ! CURR5T PRIVATI/IC FADS ( \R TIME & TO REMOVE ALL POSSIBILITIES = COLLECTIVE SOCIAL ACTION & REVOLUTION>Y *ANGE4 ,V,I,I ,GIV5 ,CL>K'S ,TAOI/ PROCLIVITIES1 WE %\LD NOT BE SURPRIS$ TO F9D ?AT HE REJECTS 9T]V5TION 9TO ! NATURAL WORLD & ATTEMPTS TO 0MANAGE0 ! 0WORLD'S FUTURE10 EV5 TO 0'=GE' A SELF10 AS 0,PROME!AN40 ,9 G5]AL1 ,ASIAN MY/ICS & DEEP ECOLOGY QUIETI/S D5\NCE ! FIGURE ( ,PROME!US BECAUSE !Y OPPOSE VIRTUALLY ALL HUMAN 9T]V5TION 9TO FIR/ NATURE AS 0AN?ROPOC5TRIC10 EXCEPT TO SATISFY PEOPLE'S 0VITAL NE$S0 7SU* AS = COMPUT]S1 P]HAPS74 ,I MU/ CONFESS ?AT BE+ CALL$ A ,PROME!AN CAUSES NO *ILLS TO RUN UP MY SP9E1 ESPECIALLY 9 A TIME :5 A PI\S QUIETISM HAS BECOME SO WIDESPREAD4 ,PROME!US'S GREATE/ MALFEASANCE AGA9/ ! ,OLYMPIAN DEITIES WAS HIS SYMPA?Y = HUMANITY1 TO :OM HE GAVE FIRE & ! >TS ?AT !Y NE$$ = A DEC5T LIFE1 NOT ANY PROCLIVITY TO 0DOM9ATE ,NATURE10 :ATEV] SU* A =MULATION W\LD HAVE MEANT TO ! ,GREEKS1 :O PASSIONATELY D5\NC$ HUBRIS4 ,NOR CAN WE =GET ?AT ! GREAT DEMOCRATIC TRAG$IAN ,AES*YLUS S+L$ \T ,PROME!US AS A H]OIC FIGURE = HIS DEFIANCE ( ! DEITIES AS WELL AS = HIS HUMANISM4 ,! S9S ( ! ,PROME!ANS1 COMMON WISDOM HAS IT TODAY1 9CLUDE ! IMPOSITION ( TE*NOLOGY UPON ! NATURAL WORLD1 & BEH9D ! ANTI-,PROME!AN ?9K+ LIES A V]Y PRIVILEG$ DISDA9 = HUMAN 9T]V5TION AS SU* 9TO ! NATURAL WORLD1 ESPECIALLY = TE*NOLOGY--A PREJUDICE ?AT ,I EXPLORE 9 MY =?COM+ BOOK ,RE-5*ANT+ ,HUMANITY4 ,YET :E!R WE LIKE IT OR NOT1 ! HUMAN SPECIES WAS ORGANIZ$ BY BIOLOGICAL EVOLUTION--NOT BY A TE*NOPHILIC PLOT--TO M$IATE ITS RELATION%IP ) ! NONHUMAN WORLD TE*NOLOGICALLY4 ,?AT IS TO SAY1 HUMAN BE+S >E BIOLOGICALLY UNIQUE ORGANISMS PRECISELY 9 ?AT !Y HAVE ! N]V\S SY/EM & ANATOMY TO 9T]V5E 9TO FIR/ NATURE & 0MANAGE0 !IR FUTURE--TO 9NOVATE1 NOT M]ELY TO ADAPT TO A PREGIV5 5VIRONM5T1 AS NE>LY ALL O!R LIFE-=MS DO4 ,HUMANS >E ! ONLY LIFE-=M--L>GELY AS A RESULT ( EVOLUTION--?AT HAS A RATIONAL S5SE ( FUTURITY & ?AT CAN ?9K \T GOALS ON AN UNPREC$5T$LY HI< LEVEL ( G5]ALITY & EXPRESSIV5ESS4 ,! CURR5T ANTITE*NOLOGICAL IMPULSE IS NOT )\T ITS [N HYPOCRISIES4 ,G>Y ,SNYD]1 ! BE/-KN[N POET ( DEEP ECOLOGY1 CELEBRAT$ HIS [N ACQUISITION ( A P]SONAL COMPUT] = A FULL PAGE 9 ,! ,:OLE ,E>? ,REVIEW1 :ILE ! ,FIF? ,E/ATE AN>*I/ CR[D1 MILITANTLY CRITICAL ( TE*NOLOGY & ! 09DU/RIAL SY/EM0 G5]ALLY1 REC5TLY PUR*AS$ A COMPUT] TO PRODUCE !IR P]IODICAL1 PROCLAIM+ IT WAS A NECESSITY BUT NONE!LESS ADD+1 0WE HATE IT10 AS ?\< GREAT REVOLUTIONS HAD NEV] BE5 /IRR$ UP BY H& PRESSES4 ,?IS K9D ( %AM AB\T TE*NOLOGY GOES ON QUITE FREQU5TLY1 AS ?\< ! KEY TE*NOLOGICAL ISSUE ( \R TIME W]E NOT :E!R TE*NOLOGY IS US$ RATIONALLY & ECOLOGICALLY BUT :E!R TE*NOLOGY AS SU* IS 9TR9SICALLY BAD OR GOOD4 ,CL>K'S ANTI-,PROME!ANISM PO9TS TO A GR[+ T5D5CY 9 LIB]AL CIRCLES !SE DAYS TO DEM& ( ALL ( US A DEMEANOR ?AT IS PASSIVE-RECEPTIVE1 QUIETI/IC1 & ULTIMATELY SUBMISSIVE4 ,QUITE REC5TLY1 ! ,OKLAHOMA ,CITY BOMB+ & ! VIOL5T ,AM]ICAN L&SCAPE G5]ALLY HAVE BE5 ATTRIBUT$ 9 :OLE OR 9 P>T TO ! 0CULT ( VIOL5CE0 9 ,AM]ICAN HI/ORY--AS EXEMPLIFI$ BY1 SAY1 ,PATRICK ,H5RY'S FAM\S DECL>ATION1 0,GIVE ME LIB]TY OR GIVE ME DEA?0 ON ! EVE ( ! ,AM]ICAN ,REVOLUTION1 & BY ! EMBATTL$ V]SES 9 ! 0,BATTLE ,HYMN ( ! ,REPUBLIC40 70,HE HA? TRAMPL$ \T ! V9TAGE 4 4 4 HIS T]RIBLE SWIFT SWORD407 ,APP>5TLY FIY HYMNS LIKE 0,! ,M>SEILLAISE10 0,! ,9T]NATIONALE10 0,A ,LAS ,B>RICADAS0 & REPLACE !M ) ! 9SIPID SAC*>9E F>E ( ,M>Y ,POPP9S4 ,:AT A /]ILE & GRAY WORLD IT W\LD BE IF WE DID6 ,:AT FEEBL5ESS W\LD PREVAIL OV] ROBU/NESS & COMBATIV5ESS 9 A WOR?Y CAUSE6 ,H]E ,CL>K CAN CLAIM HIS PALM4 ,I1 = ONE1 WANT TO DEAL NEI!R ) HIM NOR HIS SUPPORT]S1 :O >E GRAY+ ! WORLD 9 ! NAME ( GRE5+ IT4 ,V,I,I,I ,SOCIAL ECOLOGY 9VOLVES A REVOLUTION>Y POLITICS4 ,IT IS AN ATTEMPT TO CREATE A DUAL P[] TO *ALL5GE ! NATION-/ATE & REPLACE IT ) A CONF$]ATION ( DEMOCRATIZ$ MUNICIPALITIES4 ,A REVOLUTION>Y SITUATION DOES NOT EXI/ N[1 NOR DID IT 9 ! #a#i#fS & #a#i#gS 9 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES4 ,= ,CL>K TO ACCUSE ME ( BELIEV+ ?AT 0SOCIAL REVOLUTION0 WAS 0IMM95T0 9 ! #a#i#gS1 !N CALL IT EVID5CE ( MY 0REM>KABLE PSY*OLOGICAL NAIVETE0 ?AT ,I DID IS P>TICUL>LY ODI\S 7P4 #b74 ,9DE$1 HAD HE REPRES5T$ MY VIEWS ) A MODICUM ( RESPECT1 HE MITICLE ,I WROTE 9 ,DECEMB] #aifg & ?AT WAS PUBLI%$ AS ! LEAD >TICLE 9 ! FIR/ ISSUE ( ,AN>*OS 9 #a#i#f#h4 ,I HAD NO ILLUSIONS1 AS ?IS >TICLE CLE>LY 9DICATES1 ?AT !RE WAS A REVOLUTION>Y SITUATION 9 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES1 EV5 AT ! PEAK MOM5T ( ! #a#i#fS C\NT]CULTURAL AGITATION4 ,9 ! >TICLE'S OP5+ L9ES ,I EXPLICITLY /ATE1 0,!RE IS NO REVOLUTION>Y SITUATION 9 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES TODAY4 ,9DE$1 !RE IS NOT EV5 A PR]EVOLUTION>Y SITUATION40 ,DESPITE ! #a#i#fS EUPHORIA1 ,I EMPHATICALLY DECL>$1 ?AT ! ,NEW ,LEFT WAS F> REMOV$ FROM GA9+ MU* MORE ?AN A HE>+ = ITS VIEWS AMONG ! ,AM]ICAN PEOPLE4 ,ON ! O!R H&1 IT WAS F> FROM PSY*OLOGICALLY 0NAIVE0 TO BELIEVE ?AT WE W]E 9 A LONG-RANGE REVOLUTION>Y ]A 9 ! #a#i#fS & E>LY #a#i#gS4 ,9 FACT1 ANYONE ) EYES 9 HIS OR H] HEAD C\LD HAVE REASONABLY SUPPOS$ ?AT ?OSE YE>S M>K$ ! 9ITIATION ( A 0REVOLUTION>Y EPO*40 ,IT WAS NOT ONLY LEFTI/S :O HELD ?IS VIEW1 AS ,I RECALL1 BUT EV5 MANY REACTION>Y ANTILEFTI/S1 AS ,I AM SURE ,CL>K--9ITIALLY A FAN ( ,B>RY ,GOLDWAT] DUR+ ?AT DECADE--MU/ RECALL4 ,9DE$1 WE /ILL MAY BE 9 ?AT REVOLUTION>Y EPO* TODAY1 9 ! V]Y BROAD S5SE ?AT SOCIAL *ANGES >E OCCURR+ ) BREA?TAK+ RAPIDITY & UNPR$ICTABILITY4 ,MY ALLEG$ BELIEF 9 AN IMM95T REVOLUTION>Y SITUATION1 ,CL>K NOTES 9 PASS+1 IS 0REM9ISC5T ( ,BAKUN9'S EXTRAVAGANT PR$ICTIONS ( RAPID SOCIAL TRANS=MATION AS ! PEOPLE'S NATURE IS TRANS=M$ 4 4 4 ?R\< ! AL*EMY ( REVOLUTION0 7P4 #b74 ,A/ONI%+LY1 ?IS SELF-PROCLAIM$ AN>*I/ W\LD APP>5TLY D5Y A BASIC FACT ( HI/ORICAL REVOLUTIONS1 ?AT BO? DUR+ & AFT] ?OSE REVOLUTIONS PEOPLE UND]GO V]Y RAPID TRANS=MATIONS 9 *>ACT]4 ,MY [N WRIT+S ON ?IS PO9T >E /ILL AS VALID TODAY AS !Y W]E :5 ,I WROTE !M4 ,ONE HAS ONLY TO /UDY #aiag TO LE>N H[ ! ,RUSSIAN PEOPLE MANAG$1 9 A SPAN ( ONLY A FEW DAYS1 TO OV]?R[ A CZ>I/ MON>*Y ?AT HAD BE5 9 BUS9ESS = SEV]AL C5TURIES & TO G5]ATE A VIBRANT POLITICAL CULTURE 7:I* ! ,BOL%EVIKS !MSELVES DE/ROY$ DUR+ & AFT] ! CIVIL W> ( #a#i#a#h-#b#a74 ,REGRETTABLY1 ! ,RUSSIAN AN>*I/S1 9/EAD ( CREAT+ A /RONG POLITICAL MOVEM5T 9 MAJOR ,RUSSIAN CITIES DUR+ ?IS TRULY REVOLUTION>Y SITUATION1 W]E L>GELY OCCUPI$ ) BUILD+ FRUITLESS 5T]PRISES LIKE COLLECTIVE H\S+ 7ESPECIALLY 9 ,MOSC[ & ,PETROGRAD71 A 0COMMUNIT>IAN0 CULTURE ?AT WAS EASILY CRU%$ BY ! ,*EKA 7! SECRET POLICE7 & ! MORE FOCUS$ BUT 9CREAS+LY TYRANNICAL ,COMMUNI/ P>TY4 ,= ,CL>K TO DISMISS ! TRANS=MATIONS ?AT REVOLUTION>Y PEOPLE UND]GO RAISES S]I\S QUE/IONS AB\T HIS [N ACCEPTANCE ( ! POSSIBILITY ( REVOLUTION>Y *ANGE AS SU*4 ,9DE$1 ,CL>K'S CRITICISMS ( SOCIAL ECOLOGY (T5 IMPLY ?AT HE HIMSELF FAVORS LIB]AL RE=MISM4 ,9 \R #aiia CRITIQUE ( A DRAFT PROGRAM ( ! ,LEFT ,GRE5 ,NETWORK1 ,JANET ,BIEHL & ,I HAD ! N]VE1 9 HIS EYES1 TO 0ATTACK ! LEFT ,GRE5S = !IR DEM& TO 'CUT ! ,P5TAGON BUDGET BY #ie P]C5T1' & !IR PROPOSALS = 'A @s#a P] H\R M9IMUM WAGE1' 'A ?IRTY-H\R WORK WEEK ) NO LOSS ( 9COME1' & A 'WORK]S' SUP]FUND4'0 7P4 #i2 QUOT+ FROM ,BOOK*9 & ,BIEHL #a#i#i#a74 ,I %\LD PO9T \T ?AT ! ,LEFT ,GRE5 ,NETWORK1 :I* ,H[>D ,HAWK9S & ,I 9ITIAT$ 9 ! LATE #a#i#hS TO C\NT] ! L>GELY RE=MI/ & (T5 MY/ICAL ,U4,S4 ,GRE5S1 9ITIALLY TRI$ TO RADICALIZE ! ,GRE5 MOVEM5T1 SU* AS IT WAS1 & DEFLECT MANY ( ITS MEMB]S FROM COLLABORAT+ ) ! ,DEMOCRATIC ,P>TY4 ,! C5T]PIECE ( ! ,NETWORK'S ORIG9AL PROGRAM WAS LIB]T>IAN MUNICIPALISM1 :I* 5TAIL$ AN UNCOMPROMIS+ FIITY AMONG A V>IETY ( RE=MI/S1 SYNDICALI/S1 SOCIALI/S1 & SOCIAL DEMOCRATS BY 9CREAS+LY D5ATUR+ ! ORIG9AL T5ETS ( ! ,LEFT ,GRE5S UNTIL HE NOT ONLY CALL$ = 0DEMOCRATIZ+ ! ,UNIT$ ,NATIONS0 BUT BEGAN TO SUPPORT ,?IRD ,P>TY BIDS = /ATEWIDE & NATIONAL (FICES4 ,HIS DRAFT PROGRAM'S ABSURD DEM& = A #ie P]C5T CUT 9 ,P5TAGON EXP5DITURES IMPLICITLY LEGITIMAT$ ! V]Y EXI/5CE ( ! ,P5TAGON & WAS P>T ( A POLITICALLY OPPORTUNI/IC T5D5CY ?AT HAD TO BE OPPOS$ RESOLUTELY4 ,BE=E ,HAWK9S BEGAN TO W>P IT1 ! ,LEFT ,GRE5 PROGRAM HAD BE5 FRANKLY REVOLUTION>Y & TRI$ TO PO9T \T ?AT LIB]AL ECONOMI/IC DEM&S VIEW$ AS 5DS 9 !MSELVES M]ELY SUPPLY A HUMANE PAT9A = CAPITALISM1 JU/ AS A NONS5SE DEM& = R$UC+ ! ,P5TAGON'S BUDGET OR CLAPTRAP AB\T 0DEMOCRATIZ+ ! ,UNIT$ ,NATIONS0 LEGITIMATES ! ,P5TAGON & ! ,UNIT$ ,NATIONS ALIKE4 ,NOR DID ,JANET & ,I ?9K IT ! JOB ( ,LEFT ,GRE5S1 AS A REVOLUTION>Y T5D5CY1 TO LEGITIMATE ! WAGE SY/EM 7READ3 CAPITALISM7 BY RAIS+ COMMONPLACE ECONOMI/IC DEM&S1 9CLUD+ MORE PAY1 %ORT] H\RS1 & A MODICUM ( 0WORK]S' CONTROL10 AS ,HAWK9S'S PROGRAM CALL$ =4 ,ALL ( !SE SEEM+LY 0,LEFT0 ,GRE5 DEM&S HAD BE5 RAIS$ BY RE=MI/S :O W]E & /ILL >E D5ATUR+ :AT REMA9S ( ! ,LEFT EV]Y:]E 9 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES4 ,COM+ FROM ,HAWK9S1 9 P>TICUL>1 !Y ?REAT5$ DISSOLVE A LEFT-W+ PROGRAM 9TO A BASICALLY LIB]AL ONE4 ,H5CE ! ?RU/ ( \R CRITICISM4 ,WE WANT$ ! ,LEFT ,GRE5 ,NETWORK TO CLE>LY /& = BASIC SOCIAL *ANGE1 NOT ADVANCE A CACOPHONY ( DEM&S ?AT 9T]M+L$ RADICAL APPEALS ) LIB]AL VIEWS4 ,9 HIS DEF5SE ( RE=MISM1 ,CL>K OBS]VES ?AT OV] A C5TURY AGO1 ! ,*ICAGO 0AN>*I/S :O F\K SEP>ATES AS TWO SEP>ATE EF=TS RA!R ?AN SEE+ !M AS DIALECTICALLY 9T]TW9$4 ,= ! ,*ICAGO AN>*I/S1 ! EIATE FROM ! GOAL ( 9SURRECTION4 ,ON ! CONTR>Y1 ! EIM$ CONFLICT ?AT PITT$ AN 9CREAS+LY MILITANT PROLET>IAT AGA9/ AN 9TRACTABLE B\RGEOISIE4 ,! ,*ICAGO AN>*I/S HOP$ ?AT ! EIY /RUGGLE--NOT ! A*IEVEM5T ( AN ECONOMI/IC TRADE UNION DEM&1 /ILL LESS A FOOD COOP OR A 0C\NT]CULTURAL0 COMMUNE4 ,9 ! ,LEFT ,GRE5 ,NETWORK1 IT WAS ,JANET'S & MY HOPE TO CREATE :AT IS MO/ NOTABLY ABS5T & V]Y NE$$ TODAY3 A REVOLUTION>Y ,LEFT1 NOT ANO!R HODGEPODGE ( RE=MI/ 7L>GELY P]SONALI/IC7 0IMPROVEM5TS40 ,P>TICUL>LY 9 ! TRANSITIONAL PROGRAM ,I ADVANC$ = ! ,LEFT ,GRE5S1 WE ALWAYS PLAC$ \R SEEM+LY 0RE=MI/0 DEM&S 9 ! CONTEXT ( BASIC SOCIAL *ANGE & =MULAT$ !M 9 T]MS ( 9/ITUTIONAL DEVELOPM5TS ?AT W\LD PIT POPUL> ASSEMBLIES AGA9/ ! /ATE & ! CAPITALI/ ECONOMY4 ,ADMIRABLE AS *>ITY MAY BE1 WE W]E NOT 9T]E/$1 DESPITE ALL ! GOODWILL 9 ! WORLD1 9 5HANC+ ! PROBITY ( ! ,UNIT$ ,WAY OR ,CA?OLIC ,*>ITIES ANY MORE ?AN WE W]E EAG] TO 5HANCE ! REPUTATION ( ! ,UNIT$ ,NATIONS4 ,CA/ )9 ?IS TRANSITIONAL P]SPECTIVE1 EV5 ! DEM& = A MUNICIPALLY CONTROLL$ FOOD COOP HAS A V]Y DIFF]5T MEAN+--&1 LET ME EMPHASIZE1 A /RID5TLY POLITICAL ONE--FROM A FOOD COOP ?AT IS 5GAG$ PRIM>ILY 9 M]*&IZ+ 0GOOD FOOD40 ,REMOV$ FROM A LIB]T>IAN MUNICIPALI/ CONTEXT & POLITICAL MOVEM5T FOCUS$ ON A*IEV+ REVOLUTION>Y MUNICIPALI/ GOALS AS A DUAL P[] AGA9/ CORPORATIONS & ! /ATE1 FOOD COOPS >E LITTLE MORE ?AN B5IGN 5T]PRISES ?AT CAPITALISM & ! /ATE CAN EASILY TOL]ATE ) NO FE> ( *ALL5GE4 ,CL>K'S SOLICITUDE = ,HAWK9S'S LAT] RE=MI/ PROGRAM MIIAN0 TO HIM1 ,I READILY AGREE4 ,IT MAKES ALL ! DIFF]5CE 9 ! WORLD :E!R ONE TRIES TO 5L>GE ! DIRECTLY DEMOCRATIC POSSIBILITIES ?AT EXI/ )9 A REPUBLICAN SY/EM1 OR :E!R ONE RAISES TYPICAL TRADE UNIONI/ & SOCIAL DEMOCRATIC DEM&S ?AT >E DESIGN$ TO R5D] CAPITALISM & ! /ATE MORE PALATABLE4 ,CONTR>Y TO ,CL>K'S GROSSLY 9VIDI\S CLAIM ?AT ,I EV] REG>D$ A REVOLUTION AS 0IMM95T10 ! DEM&S ,I PR(]R$ = A TRANSITIONAL PROGRAM BAS$ ON MUNICIPALLY CONTROLL$ PROJECTS SU* AS CR$IT UNIONS & COMMUNITY G>D5S >E DESIGN$ TO DO 9 ! ECONOMIC SPH]E :AT POPUL> ASSEMBLIES & P>TICIPATION 9 LOCAL ELECTIONS >E MEANT TO DO 9 ! POLITICAL SPH]E4 ,?AT ,I REG>D !M AS TRANSITIONAL %\LD HAVE AL]T$ ,CL>K TO ! FACT ?AT ,I REG>D AN 0APOCALYPTIC REVOLUTION0 AS A REMOTE POSSIBILITY--ONE ?AT REQUIRES $UCATION1 ! =MATION ( A MOVEM5T1 & ! PATI5CE TO COPE ) DEFEATS4 ,= ,CL>K TO RAISE A SMOKESCRE5 AB\T MY 0UNREALI/IC PR$ICTIONS ( IMM$IATE *ANGE10 SO SIMIL> TO ?OSE 0MADE BY ,BAKUN9 & O!R N9ETE5?-C5TURY AN>*I/ REVOLUTION>IES0 7:O1 FRANKLY1 ,I ADMIRE = !IR REVOLUTION>Y \TLOOK7 7P4 #a#a71 :ILE COMM5D+ MY 0F>-REA*+ LI/ ( TRANSITIONAL PROPOSALS0 ONLY TWO PAGES E>LI]1 LEAVES ME TO CONCLUDE ?AT HE IS NOT SEEK+ TO FUNDAM5TALLY *ANGE SOCIETY BY REVOLUTION>Y MEANS4 ,CL>K'S ATTEMPT TO E/ABLI% AN 0IMM95T0 REVOLUTION AS A PRECONDITION = LIB]T>IAN MUNICIPALISM--EV5 AS HE ALLUDES ) 0ADMIRATION0 TO MY TRANSITIONAL PROGRAM--IS NO?+ MORE ?AN A CRUDE 5DEAVOR TO RAISE =MIDABLE /RUCTURAL OB/ACLES TO ANY S]I\S DEMOCRATIC PROGRAM & MOVEM5T4 ,H[EV] MU* HE 9VOKES A 0POLITICAL CULTURE10 HE IS BASICALLY SPEAK+ ( A P]SONALI/IC SUBCULTURE ?AT ACTUALLY LACKS ANY POLITICS OR CONTACT ) A BROAD PUBLIC4 ,?AT LIB]T>IAN MUNICIPALISM IS A PROJECT = 5T]+ 9TO ! PUBLIC SPH]E2 ?AT IT CALLS = A RADICAL PRES5CE 9 A COMMUNITY ?AT ADDRESSES ! QUE/ION ( :O %ALL EX]CISE P[] 9 A LIV$ S5SE2 9DE$1 ?AT IT IS TRULY A POLITICAL CULTURE ?AT SEEKS TO RE-EMP[] ! 9DIVIDUAL & %>P5 HIS OR H] S5SIBILITY AS A LIV+ CITIZ5--ALL ( !SE COMPLETELY ELUDE ,CL>K AS EV5 MEAN+FUL CONCEPTS 9 HIS 0SURREGIONALI/0 COSMOS4 ,I,X ,IT IS P]HAPS A RESULT ( HIS [N RE=MI/ VIEWS ?AT ,CL>K TRIES TO DEBUNK LIB]T>IAN MUNICIPALISM FROM EV]Y REMOTELY QUE/IONABLE PO9T1 & FROM EV]Y POSSIBLE ANGLE4 ,9DE$1 HE USES ! MO/ PHILI/9E 7& DEMAGOGIC7 ME?ODS TO DEFLATE ! V]Y POSSIBILITY ( A DIRECTLY DEMOCRATIC RATIONAL SOCIETY AS WELL AS ITS VIABILITY UND] VIRTUALLY ANY SOCIAL CONDITIONS4 ,LIB]T>IAN MUNICIPALISM1 HE OBJECTS1 W\LD BE IMPOSSIBLE TO C>RY \T 9 HUGE METROPOLITAN >EAS AS !Y EXI/ TODAY4 ,! ?\S&S ( ASSEMBLIES 9TO :I*1 SAY1 ,NEW ,YORK OR ,P>IS W\LD HAVE TO BE DIVID$ W\LD BE UNMANAGEABLE = MAK+ POLICY DECISIONS4 0,H[ WILL ! VA/ .<6.> NUMB] ( ASSEMBLIES 9 A CITY DET]M9E ROAD-BUILD+ OR G5]AL TRANSPORTATION POLICY80 HE ASKS4 ,H[ W\LD ! ?\S&S ( ASSEMBLIES ?AT W\LD EXI/ 9 PRES5T-DAY METROPOLITAN ,P>IS BE COORD9AT$ CONF$]ALLY8 ,?AT ?IS NUMB]S GAME1 :I* W\LD DIVIDE A L>GE CITY 9TO ASSEMBLIES BY V]ITABLY IMPOS+ A ME*ANICAL GRID ON IT1 TOTALLY DISREG>DS ! TRANS=MATIVE ROLE ( CONF$]AL MUNICIPALISM 9 NO WAY TR\BLES ,CL>K :5 HE COMES TO SPEAK ( HIS [N 0VA/ NETWORK0 ( AFF9ITY GR\PS 7P4 #a#i74 ,9 FACT1 HE W>NS US1 09 ASSEMBLIES ( HUNDR$S1 ?\S&S OR EV5 POT5TIALLY .<6.> T5S ( ?\S&S ( MEMB]S .<6.> 4 4 4 !RE IS AN 5ORM\S POT5TIAL = MANIPULATION & P[]-SEEK+ BEHAVIOR0 7P4 #a#b1 EMPHASIS ADD$74 ,! 0L>GE ASSEMBLIES0 9TO :I* A L>GE CITY W\LD HAVE TO BE DIVID$1 HE TELLS US1 W\LD BE SUBJECT TO 0COMPETITIV5ESS1 EGOTISM1 !ATRICS1 DEMAGOGY1 *>ISMATIC LEAD]%IP1 FACTIONALISM .<6.>1 AGGRESSIV5ESS1 OBSESSION ) PROC$URAL DETAILS1 DOM9ATION BY DISCUSSION BY MANIPULATIVE M9ORITIES1 & PASSIVITY .<6.> ( ! MAJORITY40 ,BY CONTRA/1 0ELECT$ REPRES5TATIVES OR DELEGATES CAN BE *A/IS$ = BETRAY+ ! PEOPLE :5 !Y SEEM TO ACT CONTR>Y TO ! WILL OR 9T]E/ ( ! COMMUNITY0 7P4 #a#c74 ,9DE$6 ,WE DO NOT HAVE TO SE>* V]Y F> TO F9D ?AT 0COMPETITIV5ESS1 EGOTISM1 !ATRICS1 DEMAGOGY1 *>ISMATIC LEAD]%IP0 & ! LIKE W]E AS 5DEMIC TO #a#i#fS & #a#i#gS COMMUNES1 FOOD COOP]ATIVES1 & LIFE-/YLE AN>*OID GR\PS 7ALBEIT OBSCUR$ BY A PAT9A ( 9TIMACY1 C>E1 & LOVE7 AS !Y >E TO ! WORKADAY B\RGEOIS WORLD1 :]E MANIPULATION & P[] >E AT LEA/ EASILY DISC]NIBLE TO MILLIONS ( PEOPLE4 ,NOR MU/ WE 9SI/ ?AT EV]YONE 9 A FREE COMMUNITY ATT5D ITS ASSEMBLY MEET+S1 AS \R CRIT]ION = :E!R IT IS DEMOCRATIC1 AS ,CL>K IMPLIES 9 HIS DISCUSSION ( ! ,A!NIAN POLIS 7P4 #a#e74 ,SU* ASSEMBLIES HAVE TO BE OP5 TO EV]YONE1 & !Y SURELY %\LD 5C\RAGE EV]YONE TO ATT5D4 ,9DE$1 !RE IS A C]TA9 >ROGANCE1 IF NOT CO]CION1 9 REQUIR+ ?AT EV]YONE BE 9 ATT5DANCE1 IRRESPECTIVE ( HIS OR H] 9CL9ATIONS1 BE=E AN ASSEMBLY CAN BE REG>D$ AS DEMOCRATIC4 ,9 ! HI/ORY ( DIRECT DEMOCRACIES1 EV5 ! BE/-ATT5D$1 ASSEMBLY HALLS OR >EAS W]E H>DLY FILL$ TO ! BRIM UND] ALL CIRCUM/ANCES4 ,IT SEEMS QUITE 9APPROPRIATE TO BE TOLD BY ,CL>K1 :O P]5NIALLY COMPLA9$ TO ME 9 ! PA/ ( H[ POORLY HIS [N 0AFF9ITY GR\P0 MEET+S 9 ,NEW ,ORLEANS W]E ATT5D$1 ?AT A DEMOCRACY MU/ BE JUDG$ BY ! ATT5DANCE ( ITS CITIZ5S AT POPUL> ASSEMBLIES4 ,D>E ,I SUGGE/ ?AT ,CL>K IS SE>*+ = ANY *EAP %OT HE CAN F9D TO D5IGRATE LIB]T>IAN MUNICIPALISM--OR W\LD SU* AN ASS]TION BE EVID5CE ( MY 0=CEFUL0 LANGUAGE8 ,= ,CL>K TO ME*ANICALLY IMPOSE A GRID ON HUGE METROPOLITAN >EAS & !N AWE US ) ! UNWIELDY NUMB]S ( ASSEMBLIES ?AT W\LD EM]GE IS %E] SOPHI/RY4 ,NO ONE :O S]I\SLY ACCEPTS A LIB]T>IAN MUNICIPALI/ APPROA* BELIEVES ?AT SOCIETY AS IT EXI/S & CITIES AS !Y >E /RUCTUR$ TODAY CAN SUDD5LY BE TRANS=M$ 9TO A DIRECTLY DEMOCRATIC & RATIONAL SOCIETY4 ,AS ,I HAVE EMPHASIZ$ AGA9 & AGA91 A LIB]T>IAN MUNICIPALI/ PRACTICE BEG9S1 M9IMALLY1 ) AN ATTEMPT TO 5L>GE LOCAL FRE$OM AT ! EXP5SE ( /ATE P[]4 ,& IT DOES ?IS BY EXAMPLE1 BY $UCATION1 & BY 5T]+ ! PUBLIC SPH]E 7?AT IS1 9TO LOCAL ELECTIONS OR EXTRALEGAL ASSEMBLIES71 :]E IDEAS CAN BE RAIS$ AMONG ORD9>Y PEOPLE ?AT OP5 ! POSSIBILITY ( A LIV$ PRACTICE4 ,9 %ORT1 LIB]T>IAN MUNICIPALISM 9VOLVES A VIBRANT POLITICS 9 ! REAL WORLD TO *ANGE SOCIETY & PUBLIC CONSCI\SNESS ALIKE1 NOT A PROGRAM DIRECT$ AT NAVEL GAZ+1 PSY*O!RAPY1 & 0SURREGIONALI/ MANIFE/OS40 ,IT TRIES TO =GE A MOVEM5T ?AT WILL 5T] 9TO OP5 CONFRONTATION ) ! /ATE & ! B\RGEOISIE1 NOT CRAV5LY SNEAK >\ND !M MURMUR+ ,TAOI/ P>ADOXES4 ,DESPITE ,CL>K'S ,TAOI/ PROCLIVITIES1 HIS FE>S ( AN ASSEMBLY'S PASSIVITY 9 ! FACE ( FACTIONS & *>ISMATIC LEAD]S >E QUITE LIKELY TO BE FULFILL$ IF 5\< PEOPLE ADH]E TO ! NO/RUMS ( ,LAO-,TSU'S ,TAO ,TE ,*+4 ,& IF ANY?+ WILL /IR !M 9TO ACTIVE CITIZ5S1 ,I BELIEVE IT WILL BE PRECISELY FACTIONALISM--A /RID5T CLA% ( IDEAS :]E REAL DIFF]5CES EXI/--:I* ,CL>K TRIES TO MELL[ \T ) HIS OBSCUR+ ( DIFF]5CES )9 ! ECOLOGY MOVEM5T4 ,LIB]T>IAN MUNICIPALISM MAY 9DE$ BEG9 9 A LIMIT$ WAY 9 CIVIC W>DS1 H]E & !RE1 AS WELL AS 9 SMALL CITIES & T[NS4 ,IT W\LD POSE DEM&S1 IF NECESS>Y ?R\< EXTRALEGAL POPUL> ASSEMBLIES1 = 9CREAS$ DEMOCRACY--MORE F>-REA*+1 TO BE SURE1 ?AN EV5 ! CITY HALLS ?AT ,FRANCOIS ,MITT]& 7NO LESS67 PROPOS$ = EA* >RONDISSEM5T ( ,P>IS1 ! V]Y CITY ?AT ,CL>K F9DS SO 9TRACTABLE TO 9/ITUTIONAL DEC5TRALIZATION4 ,OR A SIMIL> PROPOSAL ?AT ,MAYOR ,L9DSAY 7NO LESS67 PROPOS$ = ,NEW ,YORK ,CITY4 ,MITT]&1 TO BE SURE1 HAD HIS [N ULT]IOR MOTIVES3 TO DIM9I% ! P[] ( ,JACQUES ,*IRAC AS MAYOR1 NOT TO DEMOCRATIZE ,P>IS4 ,L9DSAY1 = HIS P>T1 WAS EAG] TO SEEM LIKE A #a#i#fS POPULI/ RA!R ?AN A ,REPUBLICAN ,P>TY HACK4 ,! IRONY ( !SE TWO EXAMPLES LIES NOT 9 ! MOTIVES ( ,MITT]& & ,L9DSAY1 HALF-HE>T$ AS !IR PROPOSALS W]E 9 ANY CASE1 BUT 9 ! FACT ?AT \R SO>+LY IMAG9ATIVE 0SURREGIONALI/0 EXHIBITS EV5 LESS POLITICAL IMAG9ATION ?AN A ,P>ISIAN SOCIALI/ HACK & A ,NEW ,YORK LIB]AL FOP4 ,X ,9 5LIK ADVISES ?AT 0ADVOCATES ( DIRECT DEMOCRACY HAVE ALWAYS APPEAL$ TO ! ,GREEK POLIS = EVID5CE ( ! FEASIBILITY ( !IR IDEAL10 :]EUPON HE QUICKLY REM9DS US AB\T 0! EXCLUSION ( WOM51 SLAVES1 & =EIGN]S0--! USUAL PHILI/9E COMPLA9T ?R[N AGA9/ LIB]T>IAN MUNICIPALISM4 ,I W\LD REM9D ,CL>K ?AT LIB]T>IAN MUNICIPALI/S >E ALSO LIB]T>IAN COMMUNI/S1 :O OBVI\SLY OPPOSE HI]>*Y1 9CLUD+ PATRI>*Y & *ATTEL SLAV]Y4 ,9DE$1 ,CL>K =EW>NS HIS READ]S1 IF ! AGONI/IC BEHAVIOR ( \T/&+ ,GREEK DEMOCRATS S]V$ TO PROMOTE ! POLIS'S L>G] 9T]E/S1 0! FACT ?AT LIB]T>IAN MUNICIPALISM COMES \T ( TRADITIONS ?AT >E V]Y MU* PRODUCTS .<6.> ( PATRI>*AL SOCIETY %\LD ?US LEAD US TO REFLECT V]Y C>EFULLY .<6.> ON ! POSSIBLE .<6.> WAYS 9 :I* COMPETITIVE1 EGOI/IC P[]-SEEK+ VALUES MI BE SUBTLY P]PETUAT$ ?R\< SU* A SY/EM0 7P4 #a#e74 ,NOR DOES ,CL>K SP>E US HIS PHILI/9E COMPLA9TS ?AT ,A!NIAN CITIZ5S SOMETIMES FOLL[$ ! GUIDANCE ( *>ISMATIC1 AGONI/IC1 & WEAL?Y LEAD]S1 & ?AT ! ASSEMBLY HAD POLITICAL FACTIONS1 ET CET]A1 ET CET]A4 ,9ASMU* AS LIB]T>IAN MUNICIPALISM COMES \T ( TRADITIONS ?AT >E 0V]Y MU* A PRODUCT ( A PATRI>*AL SOCIETY10 !N--BEW>E6 ,AS IT TURNS \T1 9 FACT1 ! 0,GREEK POLIS0 IS NEI!R AN IDEAL NOR A MODEL = ANY?+--EXCEPT P]HAPS = ,R\SSEAU1 :O GREATLY ADMIR$ ,SP>TA4 ,IT IS ! ,A!NIAN POLIS :OSE DEMOCRATIC 9/ITUTIONS ,I (T5 DESCRIBE & ?AT HAS ! GREATE/ SIGNIFICANCE = ! DEMOCRATIC TRADITION4 ,9 ! CONTEXT ( LIB]T>IAN MUNICIPALISM1 ITS SIGNIFICANCE IS TO PROVIDE US ) EVID5CE ?AT A PEOPLE1 = A TIME1 C\LD QUITE SELF-CONSCI\SLY E/ABLI% & MA9TA9 A DIRECT DEMOCRACY1 DESPITE ! EXI/5CE ( SLAV]Y1 PATRI>*Y1 ECONOMIC & CLASS 9EQUALITIES1 AGONI/IC BEHAVIOR1 & EV5 IMP]IALISM1 :I* EXI/$ ?R\<\T ! ANCI5T ,M$IT]RANEAN WORLD4 ,= ,CL>K TO RAISE ALL ( !SE TICUL>LY *EAP PLOY4 ,! FACT IS ?AT WE MU/ LOOK = :AT IS NEW & 9NOVATIVE 9 A HI/ORICAL P]IOD1 EV5 AS WE ACKN[L$GE CONT9UITIES ) SOCIAL /RUCTURES ?AT PREVAIL$ 9 ! PA/4 ,ANCI5T ,A!NS & O!R P>TS ( ,GREECE1 IT IS WOR? NOT+ 9 ?IS PO/MOD]N ]A1 WAS ! >5A = ! EM]G5CE NOT ONLY ( DIRECT DEMOCRACY BUT ( ,WE/]N PHILOSOPHY1 DRAMA1 POLITICAL !ORY1 MA!MATICS1 SCI5CE1 & ANALYTICAL & DIALECTICAL LOGIC4 ,ON ! O!R H&1 ,I C\LD H>DLY D]IVE DEMOCRATIC IDEAS FROM ! ,*9ESE ,TAOI/ TRADITION1 ROOT$ AS IT IS 9 QUIETISM & A CR$O ( RESIGNATION & SUBMISSION TO NOBLE & ROYAL P[] 7NOT TO SPEAK ( ! EXCLUSION ( WOM5 FROM SOCIALLY IMPORTANT ROLES74 ,ELITES :O /UDI$ ! ,TAO ,TE ,*+1 = !IR P>T1 C\LD EASILY F9D IT A USEFUL H&BOOK = RUL+ & MANIPULAT+ A S]VILE PEASANTRY4 ,DEP5D+ UPON :I* TRANSLATION ! ,5GLI% READ] USES1 BO? 9T]PRETATIONS >E VALID1 BUT :AT IS CLE> TO EV]YONE BUT ! BL9D IS ?AT QUIETISM UND]LIES ! 5TIRE WORK4 ,9 FACT1 %ORT ( ! HAZY ,NEOLI?IC VILLAGE TRADITIONS ?AT ,M>IJA ,GIMBUTAS1 ,RIANE ,EISL]1 & ,WILLIAM ,IRW9 ,?OMPSON HYPO/ASIZE1 ,CL>K WILL HAVE A H>D TIME F9D+ ANY TRADITION ?AT WAS NOT PATRI>*AL TO ONE DEGREE OR ANO!R4 ,REJECT+ ALL PATRI>*AL SOCIETIES AS S\RCES ( 9/ITUTIONAL /UDY W\LD MEAN ?AT WE MU/ AB&ON NOT ONLY ! ,A!NIAN POLIS BUT ! FREE M$IEVAL COMMUNES & !IR CONF$]ATIONS1 ! COMUN]O MOVEM5T ( SIXTE5?-C5TURY ,SPA91 ! REVOLUTION>Y ,P>ISIAN SECTIONS ( #a#g#i#c1 ! ,P>IS ,COMMUNE ( #a#h#g#a--& EV5 ! ,SPANI% AN>*I/ COLLECTIVES ( #a#i#c#f-#c#g4 ,ALL ( !SE 9/ITUTIONAL DEVELOPM5TS1 BE IT NOT$1 W]E M>R$ TO ONE DEGREE OR ANO!R BY PATRI>*AL VALUES1 AL?\< HAPPILY WE ALWAYS HAVE ! 0,SURREGIONALI/ ,MANIFE/O0 BY ,MAX ,CAF>D 7A4K4A4 ,JOHN ,CL>K7 TO :I* WE CAN REPAIR1 OR POSSIBLY TO ! WRIT+S ( ,HAKIM ,BEY4 ,OR WE CAN FOLL[ ,CL>K'S ADVICE & REPAIR TO BIOREGIONALISM4 ,AS HE TELLS US1 0BIOREGIONAL POLITICS EXP&S \R VIEW ( ! POLITICAL BY ASSOCIAT+ IT MORE ) ! PROCESSES ( ECOLOGICALLY GR\ND$ CULTURAL CREATIVITY & ) A MUTUALI/IC1 COOP]ATIVE PROCESS ( SELF-EXPRESSION BETWE5 ! HUMAN COMMUNITY & NATURE0 7P4 #b#d74 ,ALAS1 BIOREGIONALISM1 AS EXPRESS$ BY ,CL>K1 IS NOT ONLY A MY/IFICATION ( FIR/ 7BIOLOGICAL7 NATURE AT ! EXP5SE ( SECOND 7SOCIAL & CULTURAL7 NATURE2 ITS IRRELEVANCE TO IMPROV+ ! HUMAN CONDITION IS NO?+ LESS ?AN 9CR$IBLE4 ,ONE HAS ONLY TO VIEW ! T]RIBLE CONFLICT 9 ! =M] ,YUGOSLAVIA1 RAG+ 9 >EAS ?AT >E ALMO/ ID5TICAL BIOREGIONALLY BUT >E GROSSLY DISSIMIL> CULTURALLY1 TO RECOGNIZE H[ MEAN+LESS & MY/IFY+ >E ,CL>K'S EXPECTATIONS ( HIS BIOREGIONAL 0POLITICS40 ,I MYSELF EXP]I5CE ! ABSURDITY ( BIOREGIONALISM ONLY TOO VIVIDLY 9 MY [N >EA1 :]E A L>GE LAKE--,LAKE ,*AMPLA9--O/5SIBLY DEF9ES A LAKE BIOREGION4 ,BUT ON ! ,V]MONT SIDE ( ! LAKE1 A V]Y POPULI/ /ATE CON/ITUTION P]MITS EV]YONE TO BE >M$ 7ITS ROOTS >E 9 ! ,AM]ICAN ,REVOLUTION1 :OSE P>TISANS FE>$ PR(ESSIONAL >MIES72 ! JUDICI>Y IS HUMANE & ELECTABLE2 SUBCULTURES >E TOL]AT$2 NE>LY ALL PUBLIC (FICIALS HOLD (FICE = ONLY TWO YE>S1 9 CONTRA/ TO ! TYPICAL ,AM]ICAN F\R-YE> T]M2 & T[N MEET+ DEMOCRACY IS LIVELY4 ,ON ! O!R SIDE ( ! LAKE1 BUT 9 ! SAME BIOREGION1 ,NEW ,YORK]S LABOR UND] RE/RICTIVE GUN CONTROL LAWS & HI< CRIME RATES2 AN 9CREAS+LY AU?ORIT>IAN /ATE GOV]NM5T2 CAPITAL PUNI%M5T2 LEGISLATION ?AT AUTOMATICALLY S5T5CES ANY FELON TO LIFE IMPRISONM5T AFT] ?REE FELONIES2 & A MASSIVELY BUREAUCRATIC SY/EM ( PUBLIC ADM9I/RATION & DECISION-MAK+4 ,EV]Y TIME ,I LOOK \TSIDE MY W9D[1 :]E ,NEW ,YORK ,/ATE IS A VISIBLE PRES5CE ONLY A FEW MILES AWAY1 ,I CAN ONLY SWOON OV] ! FACT ?AT ,V]MONT & ,NEW ,YORK %>E A L>GE LAKE--& BIOREGION--9 COMMON4 ,! T5D5CY ( PHYSIOGRAPHY AMONG ECOMY/ICS & SPIRITUALI/S TO OV]TAKE & DEV\R VA/ SOCIOCULTURAL DIFF]5CES IS NO?+ LESS ?AN DAZZL+4 ,! EXT5T TO :I* ,CL>K ABSORBS SECOND NATURE 9TO FIR/ NATURE1 ! SOCIAL 9TO ! BIOLOGICAL1 IGNORES ! EXT5T TO :I* ! SOCIOSPH]E TODAY 5COMPASSES ! BIOSPH]E1 TO :I* FIR/ NATURE HAS BE5 ABSORB$ 9TO SECOND NATURE1 & REVEALS A /UNN+ NEGLECT ( ! DECISIVE IMPORTANCE ( SOCIETY 9 DET]M9+ ! FUTURE ( ! NATURAL WORLD4 ,WE CAN NO LONG] AF=D A NAIVE NATURE ROMANTICISM1 :I* MAY BE V]Y ALLUR+ TO JUV5ILES BUT HAS BE5 CONTRIBUT+ A GREAT DEAL TO ! /RID5T NATIONALISM & GR[+ EC(ASCISM ?AT IS EM]G+ 9 ! ,WE/]N WORLD4 ,X,I ,)9 HIS BIOREGIONALI/ FRAMEWORK1 ! ALT]NATIVE ?AT ,CL>K EXPLICITLY (F]S TO LIB]T>IAN MUNICIPALISM IS A 0VA/ NETWORK . ( SMALL GR\PS & LOCAL 9/ITUTIONS 9 :I* 4 4 4 9DIVIDUALS W\LD EXPRESS !IR HOPES & IDEALS = ! COMMUNITY1 & 4 4 4 A VIBRANT DEMOCRATIC M$IA ( COMMUNICATION 9 :I* CITIZ5S W\LD EX*ANGE IDEAS1 & %APE ! VALUES ( ! COMMUNITY0 7P4 #a#a1 EMPHASIS ADD$74 ,ONE MAY ASK BREA?TAK+LY3 ,:AT 9/ITUTIONAL =MS DOES ,CL>K PROPOSE TO CON/ITUTE ?IS COMMUNIT>IAN NETWORK1 AP>T FROM COOP]ATIVES & COMMUNES8 ,9 FACT1 ! ALT]NATIVE HE SEEMS TO (F] TO MY 0SIMPLIFI$0 NOTION ( DECISION-MAK+ BY A POPUL> ASSEMBLY IS--A 0POPUL> JUDICI>Y0 7P4 #a#a76 ,ALL[ ME TO PO9T \T ! S+UL>LY ABSURD 9CONGRUITIES 9 ,CL>K'S PRES5TATION4 ,FROM A M]E 0COMMUNIT>IAN0 :OSE S5SE ( 0REALITY0 SEEMS TO CAUSE HIM TO ES*EW ALL HOPE--IMM95T OR O!RWISE--= AN EFFECTIVE & TRANS=MATIVE MUNICIPALI/ MOVEM5T1 ,CL>K BECOMES ALMO/ MANICALLY EUPHORIC 9 HIS HOPES = :AT HIS 0VA/ NETWORK0 ( 0SMALL GR\PS & 9/ITUTIONS0 CAN A*IEVE6 ,I WILL NOT SULLY ,CL>K'S SO>+ VISION ( BURGEON+ 0SMALL GR\PS & 9/ITUTIONS0 BY ASK+ H[ ?IS 0VA/ NETWORK0 WILL BE E/ABLI%$ & H[ ITS COMPON5TS WILL 9T]ACT1 OR :E!R IT WILL HAVE ANY TIES MORE SUB/ANTIAL ?AN A L(TY 0*ANGE ( VALUES10 SU* AS EV5 ! MO/ RADICAL ,*RI/IAN H]ETICS OV] A ?\S& ( YE>S NEV] C>RI$ (F4 ,?R\< ! 0JUDICIAL 9/ITUTIONS10 AS HE SUGGE/S8 ,OR P]HAPS WE %\LD *OOSE 0CITIZ5S' COMMITTEES10 AS ,CL>K ALSO SUGGE/S1 APP>5TLY =GETT+ ?AT HE PREVI\SLY 9FLAT$ ! V]Y CONCEPT ( CITIZ5%IP BEYOND ANY CIVIC S5SE TO COSMIC PROPORTIONS4 ,LET US GET AWAY FROM ,CL>K'S ACADEMIC CIRCUMLOCUTIONS & UND]/& :AT ! AU?OR ( ,! ,AN>*I/ ,MOM5T IS REALLY CALL+ = H]E3 C\RTS & C\NCILS1 OR BLUNTLY SPEAK+1 SY/EMS ( REPRES5TATION4 ,IT W\LD SEEM1 !N1 ?AT 9 ,CL>K'S GL[+ VISION ( UTOPIA1 JUDICIAL 9/ITUTIONS & DE FACTO SOVIETS >E ! CEM5T ?AT WILL HOLD TOGE!R ! 0VA/ NETWORK ( SMALL GR\PS & 9/ITUTIONS40 ,BUT WILL /&>DS AS T5U\S AS 0VALUES0 PREV5T ,CL>K'S JUDICIAL 9/ITUTIONS FROM DEG5]AT+ 9TO ,ROBESPI]RI/ 0REVOLUTION>Y TRIBUNALS08 ,& :Y %\LDN'T 0CITIZ5S' COMMITTEES0 DEG5]ATE 9TO A SOVIETI/ HI]>*Y1 AS ,I W>N$ !Y C\LD 9 0,! ,=MS ( ,FRE$OM08 ,9 FACT1 ! 9/ITUTION TO :I* ,CL>K IS P]HAPS MO/ SYMPA!TIC IS ?AT 0ULTIMATE EXPRESSION ( DEMOCRACY10 ! 0IDEA . IS EXPRESS$ 9 ! ,TAOI/ IDEA ( ! RUL] SAGE1 ! RUL] :O DOES NOT RULE1 ! ONE :O 'DOES NO?+' & 'CLAIMS NO CR$IT1' YET ACCOMPLI%ES MORE ?AN ANYONE ELSE0 7P4 #b74 ,A M]E E>?L+ :O LIVES 9 A REAL CITY ON A REAL PLANET 9 A REAL WORLD W\LD SURELY HAVE TO SP9 LIKE A :IRL+ D]VI% BE=E REMOTELY 0GRASP+0 7=GIVE ! ,PROME!AN T]M7 ?IS SUPREME & PR(\ND PIECE ( ,TAOI/ WISDOM4 ,! VALUE ( ,TAOISM AS SOME?+ MORE ?AN A PACIFI] ( ,ASIAN PEASANTS1 :OM ,*9ESE EMP]ORS & LORDS DISPAT*$ TO ! 0S9K ( DEA?0 AS QUICKLY AS POSSIBLE1 IS DUBI\S TO SAY ! LA/1 & 9 FACT1 IT HAS BE5 A PROP = DESPOTISM = C5TURIES4 ,9 %ORT1 ,CL>K MANAGES TO F9D ALL SORTS ( 0POT5TIAL DANG]S0 LURK+ )9 DIRECTLY DEMOCRATIC 9/ITUTIONS1 ONLY TO PROPOSE JUDICIAL & REPRES5TATIVE POLICY-MAK+ 9/ITUTIONS ?AT HI/ORICALLY HAVE L5T !MSELVES TO AU?ORIT>IAN =MS ( RULE4 ,HAV+ COMM5T$ EX CA!DRA ON ALL ! 0POT5TIAL DANG]S0 ?AT BESET ! EMP[]M5T ( CITIZ5S' ASSEMBLIES1 ?IS LIFE/YLE AN>*I/1 ) TRULY ELITI/ >ROGANCE1 NONE!LESS AIRILY PROPOS$ C\RTS & POLICY-MAK+ 0CITIZ5S' C\NCILS0 AS SOLUTIONS & REMA9S SUBLIMELY OBLIVI\S TO ! PROSPECT ?AT A 0VA/ NETWORK ( SMALL GR\PS0 OR A SY/EM ( C\RTS TO JUDGE !IR BEHAVIOR C\LD DEG5]ATE 9TO A SY/EM ( DICTATORIAL TRIBUNALS4 ,YES--!RE >E POT5TIAL DANG]S EV]Y:]E & 9 EV]Y?+1 BUT IT IS REASON & A DIRECTLY DEMOCRATIC SOCIETY ?AT >E MO/ LIKELY TO C\NT] OR REMOVE !M1 NOT AN EFFLUVIUM ( CONTRADICTORY RHETORIC4 ,X,I,I ,ON ! SUBJECT ( PAIDEIA1 ,CL>K CLAIMS ?AT ,I ?9K ?AT ! 0CITIZ5RY0 AS IT EXI/S TODAY HAS ! CULTURAL & 9TELLECTUAL BACKGR\ND TO PRACTICE LIB]T>IAN MUNICIPALISM 9 ITS FULLY DEVELOP$ =M--A =M :OSE FRUITION HAS YET TO BE DET]M9$ BY HI/ORICAL FACTORS ?AT NO ONE AT PRES5T CAN =ESEE 7PP4 #h-#i74 ,H5CE ORD9>Y PEOPLE AS !Y >E TODAY1 ,CL>K TELLS US1 MAY NOT HAVE ! CAPACITY TO MA9TA9 A DIRECT DEMOCRACY4 0,AN EXT5SIVE PROCESS ( SELF-$UCATION 9 DEMOCRATIC GR\P PROCESSES W\LD BE NECESS>Y BE=E L>GE NUMB]S ( PEOPLE W\LD BE ABLE TO WORK TOGE!R COOP]ATIVELY 9 L>GE MEET+S10 HE WRITES1 RECAPITULAT+ MY [N CALL = FO/]+ A PUBLIC SPH]E = ! $UCATION ( L>GE NUMB]S ( PEOPLE 9 ! GIVE-&-TAKE ( LOCAL POLITICAL LIFE 7P4 #a#c74 ,AL?\< ONE CAN (F] GUIDEL9ES ( V>Y+ M]IT1 SUGGE/IONS1 REFLECTIONS1 & (T5 PRACTICAL 9/ITUTIONAL & $UCATIONAL *ANGES1 IT SEEMS NECESS>Y TO REM9D ,CL>K REPEAT$LY ?AT LIB]T>IAN MUNICIPALISM IS A TRANS=MATIVE PROCESS1 A DIALECTIC1 9DE$1 A DEVELOPM5T 9 :I* IDEAS1 9/ITUTIONS1 PRACTICES1 & HI/ORICAL =CES MU/ 9T]ACT ON ! FACE ( ! REAL E>?1 NOT 9 ,CL>K'S E!REAL ONE4 ,BUT !N ,CL>K ASKS US TO CONSID] :E!R 0! CITIZ5S .<9 A FREE ASSEMBLY.> CAN 9 FACT 9TELLIG5TLY .<6.> & USEFULLY .<6.> CONSID] . ALT]NATIVES0 ?AT /RICTLY TE*NICAL EXP]TS PROPOSE = !IR CONSID]ATION 7P4 #a#c1 ORIG9AL EMPHASIS74 ,EV5 MORE AL>M+LY1 :5 HE SNIFFS AT 0AN>*I/ CRITIQUES ( EXI/+ BUREAUCRACY0--,I ?\K TELLS US ?AT 0IT DOES NOT SEEM DESIRABLE0 ?AT ADM9I/RATORS %\LD BE 0M9DLESS10 ?AT IS1 BE TRANSP>5T1 UND] ! COMPLETE CONTROL ( ! FREE PEOPLE 9 FREE ASSEMBLY 7P4 #a#a74 ,?US CONTRA/+ ! COMPET5CE ( EXP]TS ) ! ABILITY ( CITIZ5S TO 9TELLIG5TLY & USEFULLY DISCUSS ! EXP]TS' CONFLICT+ ALT]NATIVES1 HE LEAVES US ) VIRTUALLY M9DLESS & UNWORKABLE ASSEMBLIES1 REPRES5TATIVE BODIES 7C\RTS OR C\NCILS71 AN ABS5CE ( TRANSP>5CY 9 POLITICAL RELATIONS1 & F9ALLY1 ! LIKELIHOOD ?AT SOCIETY W\LD BE/ BE GOV]N$ BY ELITES OR EXP]TS4 ,X,I,I,I ,IT IS H>DLY SURPRIS+ ?AT ,CL>K1 :OSE BACKGR\ND 9 ! LIB]T>IAN RIE ! ABILITIES & NE$S DET]M9$80 7P4 #a#g74 ,! :OLE PO9T BEH9D ?IS GREAT REVOLUTION>Y SLOGAN IS ?AT 9 A COMMUNI/IC PO/-SC>CITY ECONOMY1 ABILITIES & NE$S >E NOT1 /RICTLY SPEAK+1 0DET]M9$0--?AT IS1 SUBJECT TO B\RGEOIS CALCULATION4 ,9 A SOCIETY 9 :I* ! V]Y IDEA ( AN ECONOMY HAS BE5 REPLAC$ BY E?ICAL 79/EAD ( PRODUCTIVE7 RELATION%IPS1 LABOR UNITS1 ,PR\DHONIAN CONTRACTS1 ,RAWLSIAN JU/ICE1 & ! LIKE W\LD NOT EV5 BE RELEVANT4 ,A BASIC DEC5CY & HUMAN5ESS W\LD REPLACE !SE 9/RUM5TALITIES1 :I* HAVE !IR ORIG9S 9 HI]>*Y1 CLASS RULE1 & SC>CITY4 ,IT IS A MORE ?AN REASONABLE ASSUMPTION ?AT :5 A RATIONAL SOCIETY IS A*IEV$1 ITS CITIZ5S WILL AT LEA/ BE MORE RATIONAL ?AN ,MAX ,CAF>D & HIS ILK4 ,IF 0PRIMAL0 PEOPLES1 LIV+ 9 A BASICALLY SC>CITY SITUATION 7ALL ! CLAPTRAP ( ,M>%ALL ,SAHL9S TO ! CONTR>Y NOT)/&+71 C\LD RELY ON USUFRUCT & ! PR9CIPLE ( ! IRR$UCIBLE M9IMUM = ! PRODUCTION & DI/RIBUTION ( GOODS1 A PO/-SC>CITY SOCIETY GUID$ BY REASON W\LD C]TA9LY NOT REQUIRE CONTRACTUAL OR >I?METICAL /RICTURES ( ONE K9D OR ANO!R TO %>E ! MEANS ( LIFE )\T CONC]N = :O GETS :AT & :Y4 ,9 ANY CASE1 IF HUMANITY A*IEVES A LIB]T>IAN COMMUNI/ SOCIETY1 IT WILL BE ! PEOPLE :O LIVE 9 IT :O WILL MAKE DECISIONS AB\T ! PRODUCTION & DI/RIBUTION ( GOODS1 NOT ,MAX ,CAF>D OR MYSELF4 ,CL>K'S DISCUSSION ( MY NOTION ( ! MUNICIPALIZ$ ECONOMY 7P4 #a#f71 A NOTION ?AT HE APPLAUDS AS 0COMPELL+10 IS 9EVITABLY QUALIFI$ BY A 0H[EV]10 FOLL[+ :I* WE >E TOLD ?AT A MUNICIPAL ECONOMY 0MI BE LOOK$ UPON NOT AS ! PRIM>Y REALM1 BUT ONE >EA AMONG MANY 9 :I* ECONOMIC TRANS=MATION MI BEG94 ,IT IS POSSIBLE .<6.> TO IMAG9E .<6.> A BROAD SPECTRUM ( SELF-MANAG$ 5T]PRISES1 9DIVIDUAL PRODUC]S & SMALL P>TN]%IPS ?AT W\LD 5T] 9TO A GR[+ COOP]ATIVE ECONOMIC SECTOR ?AT W\LD 9CORPORATE SOCIAL ECOLOGICAL VALUES0 7P4 #a#f74 ,A TRANSITIONAL P]IOD ?AT ALL[S = PROPRIET>Y RIK SUGGE/S1 C\LD 0CONT9UE TO EXI/ 9 ! LONG T]M1 ALONGSIDE COOP]ATIVE =MS ( PRODUCTION0 7P4 #a#g74 ,:AT 0MIE NOT :AT IS LIKELY TO HAPP5 IF A MUNICIPALIZ$ ECONOMY COEXI/S 09 ! LONG T]M0 ) ESS5TIALLY PRIVATELY [N$ 5T]PRISES SU* AS 09DIVIDUAL PRODUC]S & SMALL P>TN]%IPS40 ,[+ TO ! FACT ?AT SU* 5T]PRISES1 AS =MS ( PRIVATE PROP]TY1 MU/ EX*ANGE COMMODITIES1 !Y PRESUPPOSE ! EXI/5CE ( A M>KET ECONOMY & ! NE> C]TA9TY ?AT IF SU* AN ECONOMY REMA9S 0LONG T]M10 COMPETITION WILL =CE EV5 ! SMALLE/ 5T]PRISE EV5TUALLY EI!R TO GR[ OR TO DIE1 TO ACCUMULATE CAPITAL OR TO DISAPPE>1 TO DEV\R RIVAL 5T]PRISES OR TO BE DEV\R$4 ,SU* A REGRESSIVE PROCESS MIIAN MUNICIPALI/ POLITICS1 & WE MU/ BE ACUTELY M9DFUL ( ! DANG]S IT POSES4 ,BUT1 ALAS1 ALL SOCIAL & ECONOMIC *ANGE IS FILL$ ) RISK4 ,= EXAMPLE1 WE 0MIE TO BUILD A MOVEM5T = A RATIONAL SOCIETY1 RA!R ?AN A SPIRITUAL CONGREGATION = ! GREAT] GLORY ( 0SURREGIONALISM10 RISK %\LD NOT BECOME AN EXCUSE = MAK+ COMPROMISES ?AT WILL ASSUR$LY LEAD US TO FAILURE4 ,& TO POSIT ! M>KET AS A 0LONG T]M0 CONDITION ( ECONOMIC LIFE IS TO GU>ANTEE \R FAILURE4 ,IF HI/ORY & ,M>X'S BRILLIANT 9SIKET ?AT ,CL>K 5T]TA9S WILL PREVAIL ULTIMATELY OV] ALL HIS 0COMMUNIT>IAN0 & PRIVATE 5T]PRISES1 AS WELL AS ALL HIS *]I%$ VALUES4 ,X,I,V ,! F9AL OBJECTION ?AT ,CL>K RAISES TO LIB]T>IAN MUNICIPALISM IS ?AT IMP$ES ! FREE PLAY ( ! IMAG9ATION4 0,IT IS 9CONCEIVABLE10 HE DECL>ES EMPHATICALLY1 ?AT 0MO/ CREATIVE ?\ ASSEMBLIES10 NOTABLY1 9 ! MO/ DEMOCRATIC REALM ( RATIONAL DIALOGUE 7P4 #a#a1 EMPHASIS 9 ! ORIG9AL74 ,LIB]T>IAN MUNICIPALISM1 DESPITE ITS EMPHASIS ON PAIDEIA1 IS 9DIFF]5T TO ! NE$ = NEW S5SIBILITIES1 POLITICS1 & VALUES1 ,CL>K IMPLIES1 & TO HELP US ALONG1 HE 9VOKES ,CORNELIUS ,CA/ORIADIS'S NOTION ( ! 0SOCIAL IMAG9>Y10 )\T :I*1 HE SAYS1 0IT IS IMPOSSIBLE .<6.> TO COMPREH5D ! P[] ( ! DOM9ANT CULTURE OV] ! 9DIVIDUAL0 7P4 #b74 ,AGA91 ONE WAITS BREA?LESSLY = AN ELUCIDATION ( ?IS 0IMAG9>Y10 BUT ,CL>K NEV] DELIV]S ONE4 ,9/EAD WE >E FIRMLY TOLD ?AT WE MU/ MAKE 0AN IMAG9>Y BREAK .<6.> ) :AT IS1 9 ORD] TO CREATE NEW LIB]ATORY CULTURAL POSSIBILITIES0 7P4 #b74 ,TO ELUCIDATE ?IS />TL+ MILL5N>IAN TRANS=MATION1 ,CL>K TROTS \T ,HEGEL TO REM9D US ?AT A 0POSITION BECOMES IDEALI/0 OR M]ELY 0CONC]N$ ) MORALITY RA!R ?AN E?ICS0 :5 IT 0FAILS TO CONFRONT ! REAL POSSIBILITIES = PRACTICE40 ,H[ PRACTICAL & REALI/IC MU/ ONE BE6 IT IS TEMPT+ TO CRY--ONLY TO BE W>N$1 ON ! O!R H&1 ?AT TO LIMIT ONE'S IMAG9ATION 0TO POSSIBILITIES ?AT CAN BE EASILY OR C]TA9LY A*IEV$ PRODUCES A CYNICAL REALISM & EXCLUDES ! NECESS>Y UTOPIAN DIM5SIONS FROM POLITICS0 7P4 #b74 ,9DE$1 IMAG9ATION1 ,CL>K 5JO9S US1 MU/ BE SO EXPANSIVE & SO SWEEP+ ?AT IT MU/ 5COMPASS 0! UNEXPECT$--9DE$ ! 'IMPOSSIBLE1'0 NO LESS6 7P4 #b74 ,= NE>LY TW5TY PA9/AK+1 NITPICK+1 TORTUR$ PAGES1 WE HAVE BE5 SUBJECT$ TO >GUM5TS OV] ! MO/ TRIVIAL PRACTICALITIES 9VOLV$ 9 CREAT+ ASSEMBLIES 9 A METROPOLITAN >EA3 H[ !Y WILL COORD9ATE !MSELVES EV5 TO ADOPT DESIGNS = ROAD-BUILD+1 :AT RULES WILL GUIDE !IR DET]M9ATION ( 0NE$S0 & 0ABILITIES10 & H[ !Y WILL PREV5T POLICY FROM BE+ MADE BY ADM9I/RATIVE COMMITTEES1 ET CET]A AD NAUSEAM4 ,N[ WE >E SUDD5LY 9VIT$ TO MAKE AN 0IMAG9>Y BREAK0--OR P]HAPS AN APOCALYPTIC BREAK8--0) :AT IS10 9DE$1 TO 0IMAG9E0 NO?+ LESS ?AN 0! IMPOSSIBLE0 AS ! KEY SOLUTION TO \R PROBLEMS6 ,9 %ORT1 :5 ,CL>K (F]S HIS [N SOLUTION1 HE W>NS US NOT TO BECOME MIR$ 9 ! SAME MUNDANE PRACTICALITIES ) :I* HE HAS BE5 ASSIDU\SLY FLOGG+ LIB]T>IAN MUNICIPALISM = A SCORE ( PAGES4 ,NOT ONLY MU/ WE SO> 9TO ! EMPYREAN HEIK W>NS HIS READ]S 7:O >E /ILL SWORN TO MA9TA9 PUBLIC SIL5CE7 ?AT LIB]T>IAN MUNICIPALISM IS LIKELY TO BE A M>G9AL MOVEM5T2 9DE$1 BUILD+ SU* A MOVEM5T MIK TO ASK1 0GIV5 ! PRES5T .<6.> /ATE ( POLITICAL CULTURE1 GIV5 ! ACTUAL .<6.> PUBLIC TO :I* APPEALS MU/ BE ADDRESS$1 & NOT LEA/ ( ALL .<6.> ! SY/EM ( COMMUNICATION & KN[L$GE :I* ANY ATTEMPT TO P]SUADE MU/ CONFRONT1 :AT >E ! REAL POSSIBILITIES TO ORGANIZE GR\PS & MOVEM5T UND] A .IAN MUNICIPALI/.> BANN]80 7P4 #h74 ,BUT ,CL>K NEV] LACKS A REFUGE3 NOTABLY1 A 0SOCIAL IMAG9ATION0 C\PL$ ) 0PRACTICAL EXP]IM5TATION40 ,PUT BLUNTLY2 IF Y\ CAN'T CREATE IT 9 REAL LIFE1 DREAM IT UP AS A 0SOCIAL IMAG9>Y0 7P4 #b#b74 ,9DE$1 MU* ( ,CL>K'S DISQUISITION CAN PROP]LY BE R$UC$ TO A ,CA/ORIADIAN 0IMAG9>Y10 9 :I* A PSEUDO-CULTURAL1 OV]:ELM+LY SUBJECTIVE HAZE OBSCURES BITT] REALITIES ?AT REVOLUTION>IES HAVE TO FACE & ?9K ?R\< 9 ! PRES5T TIME ( REACTION4 ,ONE IS TEMPT$ TO EXCLAIM3 ,SPL5DID1 ,PR(ESSOR ,CL>K6 ,IF Y\ ?9K IT IS HOPELESS1 !N BE K9D 5\< TO /AY AWAY FROM SOCIAL ECOLOGY GA!R+S & CONF]5CES ?AT >E TRY+1 AT LEA/1 TO REALIZE !SE POSSIBILITIES1 & :OSE VIEW ( REALITY IS NOT BOX$ 9TO ! PRES5T /ATE ( AFFAIRS4 ,/AY AWAY FROM PEOPLE :O SEEK TO *ANGE ! WORLD1 NOT SIMPLY LIVE )9 IT6 ,I REF] TO S]I\S SOCIAL ECOLOGI/S :O >E NOT FIXAT$ ON 0:AT IS0 BUT >E CONC]N$ ) TRU?1 RATIONALITY1 & 0:AT %\LD BE10 A BROAD] VISION ( A FUTURE WORLD ?AT IS MORE ?AN A COLLECTION ( FOOD COOPS1 COMMUNES1 & CRA% PADS4 ,X,V,I ,TO EXAM9E :AT IS AT ISSUE 9 ! PROBLEMS ( MUNICIPALISM1 CONF$]ALISM1 CITIZ5%IP1 ! SOCIAL1 & ! POLITICAL1 WE MU/ GR\ND !SE NOTIONS 9 A HI/ORICAL BACKGR\ND :]E WE CAN LOCATE ! MEAN+ ( ! CITY 7PROP]LY CONCEIV$ 9 DI/9CTION TO ! MEGALOPOLIS71 ! CITIZ51 & ! POLITICAL SPH]E 9 ! HUMAN CONDITION4 ,HI/ORICAL EXP]I5CE BEGAN TO ADVANCE BEYOND A CONCEPTION ( M]E CYCLICAL TIME1 TRAPP$ 9 ! /ASIS ( ET]NAL RECURR5CE1 9TO A CREATIVE HI/ORY 9S(> AS 9TELLIG5CE & WISDOM--MORE PROP]LY1 REASON--BEGAN TO 9=M HUMAN AFFAIRS4 ,OV] ! C\RSE ( A HUNDR$ ?\S& YE>S OR SO1 AS WE N[ KN[1 ,HOMO SAPI5S SAPI5S SL[LY OV]CAME ! SLUGGI%NESS ( !IR MORE ANIMALI/IC C\S9S1 ! ,NE&]?ALS1 &1 AMID UPS & D[NS1 5T]$ AS AN 9CREAS+LY ACTIVE AG5T 9TO ! SURR\ND+ WORLD--BO? TO MEET !IR MORE COMPLEX NE$S 7MAT]IAL AS WELL AS IDEOLOGICAL71 & TO ALT] ?AT 5VIRONM5T BY MEANS ( TOOLS &1 YES1 9/RUM5TAL RATIONALITY4 ,LIFE BECAME LONG]1 MORE ACCULTURAT$ ES!TICALLY1 & MORE SECURE1 & POT5TIALLY AT LEA/1 HUMAN COMMUNITIES TRI$ TO DEF9E & RESOLVE ! PROBLEMS ( FRE$OM & CONSCI\SNESS AT V>I\S LEVELS ( !IR DEVELOPM5T4 ,! NECESS>Y CONDITIONS--OR PRECONDITIONS1 AS SOCIALI/S ( ALL K9DS RECOGNIZ$ 9 ! LA/ C5TURY & A HALF--= FRE$OM & CONSCI\SNESS 9VOLV$ TE*NOLOGICAL ADVANCES ?AT1 9 A RATIONAL SOCIETY1 C\LD EMANCIPATE PEOPLE FROM ! IMM$IATE1 ANIMALI/IC CONC]NS ( SELF-MA9T5ANCE1 9CREASE ! REALM ( FRE$OM FROM CON/RICTIONS IMPOS$ UPON IT BY PREOCCUPATIONS ) MAT]IAL NECESSITY1 & PLACE KN[L$GE ON A RATIONAL1 SY/EMATIC1 & COH]5T BASIS TO ! EXT5T ?AT ?IS WAS POSSIBLE4 ,!SE CONDITIONS AT LEA/ 9VOLV$ HUMANITY'S SELF-EMANCIPATION FROM ! OV]P[]+ !I/IC CREATIONS ( ITS [N IMAG9ATION 7CREATIONS L>GELY =MULAT$ BY %AMANS & PRIE/S = !IR [N SELF-S]V+ 5DS1 AS WELL AS BY APOLOGI/S = HI]>*Y7--NOTABLY1 MY?OPOESIS1 MY/ICISM1 ANTIRATIONALISM1 & FE>S ( DEMONS & DEITIES1 CALCULAT$ TO PRODUCE SUBS]VI5CE & QUIETISM 9 ! FACE ( ! SOCIAL P[]S ?AT BE4 ,?AT ! NECESS>Y & SUFFICI5T CONDITIONS = ?IS EMANCIPATION HAVE NEV] EXI/$ 9 A 0ONE-TO-ONE0 RELATION%IP ) EA* O!R--& IT W\LD HAVE BE5 MIRACUL\S IF !Y HAD--HAS PROVID$ ! FUEL = ,CA/ORIADIS'S RA!R DISORD]$ ESSAYS ON ! OMNIPOT5CE ( 0SOCIAL IMAG9>IES10 = ,!ODOR ,ADORNO'S BASIC NIHILISM1 & = FRIVOL\S AN>*O-*AOTICS :O1 9 ONE WAY OR ANO!R1 HAVE DEBAS$ ! ,5LI*ISM4 ,TRUE--! DISCOV]Y ( ! SPE> DID NOT PRODUCE AN AUTOMATIC %IFT FROM 0MATRI>*Y0 TO 0PATRI>*Y10 NOR DID ! DISCOV]Y ( ! PL[ PRODUCE AN AUTOMATIC %IFT FROM 0PRIMITIVE COMMUNISM0 TO PRIVATE PROP]TY1 AS EVOLUTION>Y AN?ROPOLOGI/S ( ! LA/ C5TURY SUPPOS$4 ,9DE$1 IT *EAP5S ANY DISCUSSION ( HI/ORY & SOCIAL *ANGE TO CREATE 0ONE-TO-ONE0 RELATIONS BETWE5 TE*NOLOGICAL & CULTURAL DEVELOPM5TS1 A TRAGIC FEATURE ( ,FRI$RI* ,5GELS'S SIMPLIFICATION ( HIS M5TOR'S IDEAS4 ,9 FACT1 SOCIAL EVOLUTION IS V]Y UNEV5 & COMB9$1 :I* ONE W\LD HOPE ,CA/ORIADIS LE>N$ FROM HIS ,TROTSKYI/ PA/4 ,NO LESS SIGNIFICANTLY1 SOCIAL EVOLUTION1 LIKE NATURAL EVOLUTION1 IS PR(LIGATE 9 PRODUC+ A VA/ DIV]SITY ( SOCIAL =MS & CULTURES1 :I* >E (T5 9COMM5SURABLE 9 !IR DETAILS4 ,IF \R GOAL IS TO EMPHASIZE ! VA/ DIFF]5CES ?AT SEP>ATE ONE SOCIETY FROM ANO!R RA!R ?AN ID5TIFY ! IMPORTANT ?READ ( SIMIL>ITIES ?AT BR+ HUMANITY TO ! PO9T ( A HIABS1 ,BYZANT9ES1 & ,WE/]N ,EUROPEANS1 PLUS EV]Y?+ ?AT C\LD BE 5UM]AT$ FROM O!R CULTURES0 DO NOT RESEMBLE EA* O!R1 TO CITE ! NAIVE OBLIGATIONS ?AT ,CA/ORIADIS PLACES ON :AT HE CALLS 0A 'RATIONAL DIALECTIC' ( HI/ORY0 &1 IMPLICITLY1 ON REASON ITSELF 7,CA/ORIADIS1 P4 #f#c74 ,9DE$1 IT IS UNP>DONABLE NONS5SE TO C>ELESSLY FL+ !SE CIVILIZATIONS TOGE!R )\T REG>D = !IR PLACE 9 TIME1 !IR SOCIAL P$IGREES1 ! EXT5T TO :I* !Y CAN BE $UC$ DIALECTICALLY FROM ONE ANO!R1 OR AN EXPLANATION ( :Y AS WELL AS DESCRIPTIONS ( H[ !Y DIFF] FROM EA* O!R4 ,BY FOCUS+ 5TIRELY ON ! PECULI>ITY ( 9DIVIDUAL CULTURES1 ONE R$UCES ! DEVELOPM5T ( CIVILIZATIONS 9 AN $UCTIVE SEQU5CE TO ! N>R[ NOM9ALISM ?AT ,/EPH5 ,JAY ,G\LD APPLI$ TO ORGANIC EVOLUTION--EV5 TO ! PO9T :]E ! 0AUTONOMY0 SO PRIZ$ BY ,CA/ORIADIS CAN BE DISMISS$ AS A PURELY SUBJECTIVE 0NORM10 ( NO GREAT] VALUE 9 ?IS PO/MOD]NI/ WORLD ( 9T]*ANGEABLE EQUIVAL5CES ?AN AU?ORIT>IAN 0NORMS0 ( HI]>*Y4 ,BUT IF WE EXPLORE V]Y EXI/5TIAL DEVELOPM5TS T[>D FRE$OM FROM TOIL & FRE$OM FROM OPPRESSION 9 ALL ITS =MS1 WE F9D ?AT !RE IS A ,HI/ORY TO BE TOLD ( RATIONAL ADVANCES--)\T PRESUPPOS+ TELEOLOGIES ?AT PR$ET]M9E ?AT ,HI/ORY & ITS T5D5CIES4 ,IF WE CAN GIVE MAT]IAL FACTORS !IR DUE EMPHASIS )\T R$UC+ CULTURAL *ANGES TO /RICTLY AUTOMATIC RESPONSES TO TE*NOLOGICAL *ANGES & )\T LOCAT+ ALL HIIEGAT$ SOCIETIES 9 A NE>LY MY/ICAL SEQU5CE ( 0/AGES ( DEVELOPM5T10 !N WE CAN SPEAK 9TELLIGIBLY ( DEF9ITE ADVANCES MADE BY HUMANITY \T ( ANIMALITY1 \T ( ! TIMELESS 0ET]NAL RECURR5CE0 ( RELATIVELY /AGNANT CULTURES1 \T ( BLOOD1 G5D]1 & AGE RELATION%IPS AS ! BASIS = SOCIAL ORGANIZATION1 & \T ( ! IMAGE ( ! 0/RANG]10 :O WAS NOT K9 TO O!R MEMB]S ( A COMMUNITY1 9DE$1 :O WAS 09ORGANIC10 TO USE ,M>X'S T]M1 & H5CE SUBJECT TO >BITR>Y TREATM5T BEYOND ! REA* ( CU/OM>Y RID ?IS MOM5T 9 HUMAN EMANCIPATION1 ! EM]G5CE ( ! CITY WAS ( ! GREATE/ IMPORTANCE 9 FREE+ PEOPLE FROM M]E E?NIC TIES ( SOLID>ITY1 9 BR++ REASON & SECUL>ITY1 H[EV] RUDIM5T>ILY1 9TO HUMAN AFFAIRS4 ,= IT WAS ONLY BY ?IS EVOLUTION ?AT SEGM5TS ( HUMANITY C\LD REPLACE ! TYRANNY ( M9DLESS CU/OM ) A DEF9ABLE & RATIONALLY CONDITION$ NOMOS1 9 :I* ! IDEA ( JU/ICE C\LD BEG9 TO REPLACE TRIBALI/IC 0BLOOD V5GEANCE0--UNTIL LAT]1 :5 IT WAS REPLAC$ BY ! IDEA ( FRE$OM4 ,I SPEAK ( ! EM]G5CE ( ! CITY1 BECAUSE AL?\< ! DEVELOPM5T ( ! CITY HAS YET TO BE COMPLET$1 ITS MOM5TS 9 ,HI/ORY CON/ITUTE A DISC]NIBLE DIALECTIC ?AT OP5$ AN EMANCIPATORY REALM )9 :I* 0/RANG]S0 & ! 0FOLK0 C\LD BE RECON/ITUT$ AS CITIZ5S1 NOTABLY1 SECUL> & FULLY RATIONAL BE+S :O APPROXIMATE1 9 V>Y+ DEGREES1 HUMANITY'S POT5TIALITY TO BECOME FREE1 RATIONAL1 FULLY 9DIVIDUAT$1 & R\ND$4 ,MOREOV]1 ! CITY HAS BE5 ! ORIG9AT+ & AU!NTIC SPH]E ( POLITICS 9 ! ,HELL5IC DEMOCRATIC S5SE ( ! T]M1 & ( CIVILIZATION--NOT1 AS ,I HAVE EMPHASIZ$ AGA9 & AGA91 ! /ATE4 ,:I* IS NOT TO SAY ?AT CITY-/ATES HAVE NOT EXI/$4 ,BUT DEMOCRACY1 CONCEIV$ AS A FACE-TO-FACE REALM ( POLICY-MAK+1 5TAILS A COMMITM5T TO ! ,5LIY0 HUMAN BE+S >E POT5TIALLY COMPET5T TO COLLECTIVELY MANAGE !IR POLITICAL AFFAIRS--A CRUCIAL CONCEPT 9 ! ?9K+1 ALL ITS LIMITATIONS ASIDE1 ( ! ,A!NIAN DEMOCRATIC TRADITION1 & MORE RADICALLY1 ( ?OSE ,P>ISIAN SECTIONS ( #agic ?AT GAVE AN EQUAL VOICE TO WOM5 AS WELL AS ALL M54 ,AT SU* HI< PO9TS ( POLITICAL DEVELOPM5T1 9 :I* SUBSEQU5T ADVANCES (T5 SELF-CONSCI\SLY BUILT ON & EXP&$ MORE LIMIT$ E>LI] ONES1 ! CITY BECAME MORE ?AN A UNIQUE >5A = HUMAN LIFE & POLITICS1 & MUNICIPALISM--CIVICISM--:I* ! ,FR5* REVOLUTION>IES LAT] ID5TIFI$ ) 0PATRIOTISM0--BECAME MORE ?AN AN EXPRESSION ( LOVE ( C\NTRY4 ,EV5 :5 ,JACOB9 DEMAGOGUES GAVE IT *AUV9I/IC CONNOTATIONS1 0PATRIOTISM0 9 #agic MEANT ?AT ! 0NATIONAL PATRIMONY0 WAS NOT ! 0PROP]TY ( ! ,K+ ( ,FRANCE0 7:OSE TITLE ! ,REVOLUTION1 9 ITS E>LY /AGES1 *ANG$ TO ! 0,K+ ( ! ,FR5*074 ,FRANCE1 9 EFFECT1 N[ BELONG$ TO ALL ! PEOPLE4 ,OV] ! LONG RUN1 ! CITY WAS CONCEIV$ AS ! SOCIOCULTURAL DE/9Y ( HUMANITY1 A PLACE :]E1 BY LATE ,ROMAN TIMES1 !RE W]E NO 0/RANG]S0 OR E?NIC 0FOLK10 & BY ! ,FR5* ,REVOLUTION1 NO CU/OM OR DEMONIC IRRATIONALITIES1 BUT RA!R CITOY5S :O LIV$ 9 A FREE T]RA91 ORGANIZ$ !MSELVES 9TO DISCURSIVE ASSEMBLIES1 & ADVANC$ CANONS ( SECUL>ITY & FRAT]NITE1 OR MORE BROADLY1 SOLID>ITY & PHILIA1 HOPEFULLY GUID$ BY REASON4 ,MOREOV]1 ! ,FR5* REVOLUTION>Y TRADITION WAS /RONGLY CONF$]ALI/ UNTIL ! DICTATORIAL ,JACOB9 ,REPUBLIC CAME 9TO BE+--WIP+ \T ! ,P>ISIAN SECTIONS AS WELL AS ! IDEAL ( A FETE DE LA F$]ATION4 ,ONE MU/ READ ,JULES ,MI*ELET'S ACC\NT ( ! ,GREAT ,REVOLUTION TO LE>N ! EXT5T TO :I* CIVICISM WAS ID5TIFI$ ) MUNICIPAL LIB]TY & FRAT]NITE ) LOCAL CONF$]ATIONS1 9DE$ A 0REPUBLIC0 ( CONF$]ATIONS1 BETWE5 #agi & #a#g#i#c4 ,ONE MU/ EXPLORE ! 5DEAVORS ( ,JEAN ,V>LET & ! ,EVE*E MILITANTS ( ,MAY #c-#c#a1 #a#g#i#c1 TO UND]/& H[ CLOSE ! ,REVOLUTION CAME 9 ! 9SURRECTION ( ,JUNE #b TO CON/RUCT+ ! *]I%$ CONF$]AL 0,COMMUNE ( COMMUNES0 ?AT L+]$ 9 ! HI/ORICAL MEMORY ( ! ,P>ISIAN F$]ES1 AS !Y DESIGNAT$ !MSELVES1 9 #a#h#g#a4 ,H5CE1 LET ME /RESS ?AT A LIB]T>IAN MUNICIPALI/ POLITICS IS NOT A M]E 0/RATEGY0 = HUMAN EMANCIPATION2 IT IS A RIGOR\S & E?ICAL CONCORDANCE1 AS ,I HAVE ALREADY NOT$1 ( MEANS & 5DS 7( 9/RUM5TALITIES1 SO TO SPEAK7 ) HI/ORIC GOALS--:I* IMPLIES A CONCEPT ( ,HI/ORY AS MORE ?AN M]E *RONICLES OR A SCATT]$ >*IPELAGO ( SELF-5CLOS$ 0SOCIAL IMAG9>IES40 ,! CIVITAS1 HUMANLY SCAL$ & DEMOCRATICALLY /RUCTUR$1 IS ! POT5TIAL HOME ( A UNIV]SAL HUMANITAS ?AT F> TRANSC5DS ! P>O*IAL BLOOD TIE ( ! TRIBE1 ! GEO-ZOOLOGICAL NOTION ( ! 0E>?L+10 & ! AN?ROPOMORPHIC & JUV5ILE 0CIRCLE ( ALL ,BE+S0 7FROM ANTS TO PUSSYCATS7 PROMOT$ BY ,FA!R ,B]RY & HIS ACOLYTES4 ,IT IS ! IMM$IATE SPH]E ( PUBLIC LIFE--NOT ! MO/ 09TIMATE10 TO USE ,CL>K'S CRASSLY SUBJECTIVIZ$ WORD--:I*1 TO BE SURE1 DOES NOT PRECLUDE BUT 9DE$ %\LD FO/] 9TIMACY 9 ! =M ( SOLID>ITY & COMPLEM5T>ITY4 ,! CIVITAS1 HUMANLY SCAL$ & DEMOCRATICALLY /RUCTUR$1 IS ! 9ITIAT+ >5A ( RATIONAL REFLECTION1 DISCURSIVE DECISION-MAK+1 & SECUL>ITY 9 HUMAN AFFAIRS4 ,IT SPEAKS TO US FROM ACROSS ! C5TURIES 9 ,P]ICLES'S MAGNIFIC5T FUN]AL ORATION & 9 ! E>?Y1 AMAZ+LY FAMILI>1 & EM95TLY SECUL> SATIRES ( ,>I/OPHANES1 :OSE WORKS DEMOLI% ,CA/ORIADIS'S EMPHASIS ON ! 0MY/]IUM0 & 0CLOSURE0 ( ! ,A!NIAN POLIS TO ! MOD]N M9D4 ,NO ONE :O READS ! *RONICLES ( ,WE/]N HUMANITY CAN IGNORE ! RATIONAL DIALECTIC ?AT UND]LIES ! ACCUMULATION ( M]E EV5TS & ?AT REVEALS AN UNFOLD+ ( ! HUMAN POT5TIALITY = UNIV]SALITY1 RATIONALITY1 SECUL>ITY1 & FRE$OM 9 AN $UCTIVE RELATION%IP ?AT ALONE %\LD BE CALL$ ,HI/ORY4 ,?IS ,HI/ORY1 TO ! EXT5T ?AT IT HAS CULM9ATIONS AT GIV5 MOM5TS ( DEVELOPM5T1 ON :I* LAT] CIVILIZATIONS BUILT1 IS AN*OR$ 9 ! EVOLUTION ( A SECUL> PUBLIC SPH]E1 9 POLITICS1 9 ! EM]G5CE ( ! RATIONAL CITY--! CITY ?AT IS RATIONAL 9/ITUTIONALLY1 CREATIVELY1 & COMMUNALLY4 ,NOR CAN IMAG9ATION BE EXCLUD$ FROM ,HI/ORY1 BUT IT IS AN IMAG9ATION ?AT MU/ BE ELUCIDAT$ BY REASON4 ,= NO?+ CAN BE MORE DANG]\S TO A SOCIETY1 9DE$ TO ! WORLD TODAY1 ?AN ! K9D ( UNBRIDL$ IMAG9ATION1 UNGUID$ BY REASON1 ?AT SO EASILY L5T ITSELF TO ,NUREMB]G RALLIES1 FASCI/ DEMON/RATIONS1 ,/AL9I/ IDOLATRY1 & DEA? CAMPS4 ,X,V,I,I ,CL>K CRUDELY EFFACES ?IS VA/ MOVEM5T T[>D CITIFICATION & ! EM]G5CE ( ! CITIZ5 BY DECONTEXTUALIZ+ ! CITY ( ITS HI/ORICAL DEVELOPM5T4 ,9DE$1 HE WRITES (F ! LESSONS--! FAIL+S & A*IEVEM5TS ( MUNICIPAL HI/ORY--BY ADVIS+ HIS READ]S ?AT !Y 0MU/ AVOID IDEALIZ+ .<6.> PA/ =MS SU* AS ! POLIS1 M$IEVAL FREE CITIES1 OR REVOLUTION>Y SECTIONS & .<,P>ISIAN.> COMMUNES10 LE/ !Y MISS 0!IR FLAWS1 LIMITATIONS1 & ESPECIALLY1 !IR IDEOLOGICAL ASPECTS0--AS IF \R EXPLORATION ( !M 7:I* ,CL>K \TRAGE\SLY TRANSMUTES 9TO 0IDEALIZATIONS07 IGNOR$ !IR LIMITATIONS4 ,?IS MAN CAN ONLY CONCEIVE ( LIB]T>IAN MUNICIPALISM 7CO>SELY 5\<1 AS 0MUNICIPAL SOCIALISM067 AS A 0/RATEGY10 WEI<+ ITS *ANCES ( SUCCESS AGA9/ ITS POSSIBLE FAIL+S1 & RECKLESSLY %IFT+ HIS CRITICAL POSITIONS FROM \TRI P>TICIPATION 9 ASSEMBLY MEET+S4 ,! IMPORTANCE ( DI/+UI%+ POLICY-MAK+ FROM ADM9I/RATION1 SO CRUCIAL 9 UND]/&+ P[] RELATION%IPS 9 FREE MUNICIPALITIES 7A PO9T REG>D+ :I* ,M>X SO SIGNIFICANTLY ]R$ 9 ,! ,CIVIL ,W> 9 ,FRANCE71 IS ECLIPS$ BY PHILI/9E CONC]NS AB\T ! DANG]S ( *>ISMATIC LEAD]S & 0FACTIONALISM0--AS ?\< FACTIONALISM1 :I* T]RIFI$ ! OLIG>*ICAL ,AM]ICAN CON/ITUTIONALI/S ( #a#g#h#g1 W]E A DANG] EV5 TO A REPUBLICAN POLITY6 ,?IS DI/9CTION MU/ BE EMPHASIZ$ BECAUSE ,CL>K RADICALLY COLLAPSES ! POLITICAL DOMA9--! MO/ IMM$IATE PUBLIC SPH]E ?AT R5D]S A FACE-TO-FACE DEMOCRACY POSSIBLE--9TO ! SOCIAL SPH]E4 ,?US1 WE >E TOLD ?AT IT IS 0NOT CLE> 4 4 4 :Y ! MUNICIPALITY %\LD BE CONSID]$ QUITE SO FUNDAM5TAL0 IF MUNICIPALISM 0REJECTS ! VIEW ( SOME AN>*I/S & MANY UTOPIANS ?AT ! MO/ 9TIMATE P]SONAL SPH]E1 :E!R ID5TIFI$ ) ! AFF9ITY GR\P .<6.>1 ! FAMILIAL GR\P OR ! COMMUNAL LIV+ GR\P IS MO/ FUNDAM5TAL SOCIALLY & POLITICALLY0 7PP4 #e-#f1 EMPHASIS ADD$74 ,9 ?IS RAMBL+ CONFLATION ( ! MO/ 0IMM$IATE0 ) ! MO/ 09TIMATE10 ( ! 0POLITICAL0 ) ! 0P]SONAL10 & ( ! 0FAMILIAL0 & COMMUNAL 0LIV+ GR\P0 ) ! 0POLITICAL10 ,CL>K R$UCES ! PUBLIC SPH]E--! >5A ( ! POLITICAL OR ! SELF-MANAGEM5T ( ! POLIS--TO ! B$ROOM1 LIV+ ROOM1 & KIT*51 OR1 IF Y\ LIKE1 TO ! CAFE & P>K1 9 %ORT1 TO ! P]SONAL4 ,ONE C\LD DWELL AT CONSID]ABLE L5G? ON ?IS OV]LY SUBJECTIVI/IC1 N>CISSI/IC1 9DE$ ,YUPPIE VISION ( SOCIAL LIFE4 ,IF 0SOME AN>*I/S & MANY UTOPIANS0 IGNORE ! HI/ORIC DEVELOPM5T ( HUMANITY \T ( ! P>O*IAL K9-ORI5T$ DOME/IC LIFE ?AT PREVAIL$ 9 TRIBAL SOCIETY1 T[>D ! CONF$]ATION ( FREE CITIES1 SO MU* ! WORSE = CURR5T AN>*ISM--:I* 9DE$ HAS L>GELY FAIL$ TO DI/+UI% POLITICS ( ANY K9D FROM /ATISM1 NOT TO SPEAK ( 0UTOPIANISM10 :ATEV] ?AT MAY BE TODAY4 ,9DE$1 NO?+ HAS BE5 MORE P>ALYZ+ TO AN>*ISM 7AN ECUM5ICAL WORD ?AT 5COMPASSES VA/LY CONTRADICTORY IDEOLOGIES7 ?AN ! PROCLIVITY ( MANY Y\NG AN>*I/S TODAY TO RELEGATE PUBLIC ACTIVITY TO ?R[+ A BRICK AT A PLATE-GLASS W9D[ OR PA9T+ NUMB+LY MORONIC 0REVOLUTION>Y0 & L>GELY P]SONALI/IC SLOGANS ON WALLS4 ,NOR CAN WE IGNORE ,CL>K'S WILD SW+S FROM 0M$IATIONS0 ?AT JU/IFY ELITI/ ADM9I/RATIVE C\NCILS1 TO 0VA/ NETWORKS0 ( AFF9ITY GR\PS1 COMMUNES1 & COOPS2 HIS CRITICISM ( A PRESUMABLY APOCALYPTIC REVOLUTION ON ONE PAGE & HIS PLEA = AN 0IMAG9>Y BREAK0 ) EXI/+ CONDITIONS ?AT WILL 5COMPASS 0! IMPOSSIBLE0 ON ! NEXT2 HIS PHILOSOPHICAL IDEALISM ?AT ASSIGNS TO IMAG9ATION A SOV]EIGNTY OV] HUMAN AFFAIRS1 ?AT CONTRA/S TO HIS FLIP-FLOP CONC]N = MAT]IAL CLASS 9T]E/S--NOT TO SPEAK ( HIS ME*ANICAL GRIDS & 5DLESS 0POSSIBILITIES0 ?AT MIY =MS ( 9T]ACTION4 ,?IS ME?ODOLOGY1 IF SU* IT CAN BE CALL$1 IS NOT EVID5CE ( 9TELLECTUAL R\ND$NESS1 ESPECIALLY IF ALL ( HIS COMPLA9TS AGA9/ LIB]T>IAN MUNICIPALISM CAN BE US$ MORE EFFECTIVELY AGA9/ HIS [N ALT]NATIVES1 BUT A CRUDE E!REALIZATION ( 0DEMOCRACY40 ,IT CO9CIDES COMPLETELY ) ! LIFE/YLE AN>*ISM ( ,HAKIM ,BEY1 :O DESPISES EV]Y ATTEMPT TO *ANGE SOCIETY AP>T FROM P]SONALI/IC1 BLUNTLY 0*AOTIC10 EXPLOSIONS ( P]SONAL SELF-9DULG5CE4 ,9 ,CL>K'S 0SURREGIONALI/0 WORLD1 DEMOCRACY EXI/S PRIM>ILY 9S(> AS WE 0IMAG9E0 IT & PRESUMABLY P]SONALLY 0PRACTICE0 IT 9 EV]Y SPH]E ( LIFE4 ,IT IS NOTABLE ?AT ,CL>K'S J\RNEY 0BEYOND ! LIMITS ( ! CITY0 MAKES NO M5TION ( CAPITALISM BUT PAT5TLY ACCEPTS A M>KET ECONOMY1 PRESUMABLY ( SMALL P>TN]%IPS & 5T]PRISES4 ,BUT :AT IS FUNDAM5TALLY AT ISSUE 9 GO+ 0BEYOND ,CL>K0 IS ! IDEOLOGICAL FLUFF FROM :I* HIS 9TUITIONS >ISE4 ,! CULTURAL & SOCIAL B>B>ISM ?AT IS CLOS+ >\ND ?IS P]IOD IS ABOVE ALL M>K$ BY IDEOLOGIES ( REGRESSION3 A RETREAT 9TO AN (T5 MY?IC PRELAPS>IAN PA/2 A N>CISSI/IC EGOC5TRICITY 9 :I* ! POLITICAL DISAPPE>S 9TO ! P]SONAL2 & AN 0IMAG9>Y0 ?AT DISSOLVES ! V>I\S PHASES ( A HI/ORICAL DEVELOPM5T 9TO A BLACK HOLE ( 0,ON5ESS0 OR 09T]CONNECT$NESS10 SO ?AT ALL ! MOM5TS ( A DEVELOPM5T >E FLATT5$ \T4 ,UND]P9N+ ?IS IDEOLOGICAL FLATT5+ IS A ,HEIDEGG]IAN ,GELASS5HEIT1 A PASSIVE-RECEPTIVE1 9DE$ QUIETI/IC1 0LETT+ ?+S BE10 ?AT IS DRESS$ UP 9 C\NT]VAIL+ ,TAOI/ 0CONTR>IES0--EA* ( :I* CANCELS \T ITS OPPOSITE TO LEAVE PRACTICAL REASON ) A BLANK %EET UPON :I* ANY?+ CAN BE SCRAWL$1 H[EV] HI]>*ICAL OR OPPRESSIVE4 ,! ,TAOI/ RUL]1 :O ,CL>K ADDUCES1 :O DOES NOT RULE1 :O DOES NO?+ YET ACCOMPLI%ES MORE ?AN ANYONE ELSE1 IS A CONTRADICTION 9 T]MS1 A MUTUAL CANCELLATION ( ! V]Y CONCEPTS ( 0RUL]0 & 0SAGE0--OR1 MORE LIKELY1 A TYRANT :O %REWDLY MANIPULATES HIS OR H] SUBJECT :ILE PRET5D+ TO BE SELF-EFFAC+ & REMOV$ FROM ! OBJECT ( HIS OR H] TYRANNY4 ,! ,*9ESE RUL+ CLASSES PLAY$ AT ?IS GAME = AGES4 ,:AT ,M>X'S FETI%ISM ( COMMODITIES IS = CAPITALISM1 ?IS ,HEIDEGG]IAN ,GELASS5HEIT IS = PRES5T-DAY IDEOLOGY1 P>TICUL>LY = DEEP ECOLOGY & ALL ITS 0SOCIAL ECOLOGICAL0 (FSPR+4 ,?US1 WE DO NOT *ANGE ! WORLD2 WE 0DWELL0 9 IT4 ,WE DO NOT REASON \T A C\RSE ( ACTION2 WE 09TUIT0 IT1 OR BETT]1 0IMAG9E0 IT4 ,WE DO NOT PURSUE A RATIONAL $UCATION ( ! MOM5TS ?AT MAKE UP AN EVOLUTION2 9/EAD1 WE RELAPSE 9TO A MAGICAL REV]IE1 (T5 9 ! NAME ( AN ES!TIC VANGU>DISM ?AT SURR5D]S REALITY TO FANCY OR IMAG9ATION4 ,H5CE ! EXPLOSION !SE DAYS ( MY/ICAL ECOLOGIES1 PRIMITIVISM1 TE*NOPHOBIA1 ANTICIVILIZATIONALISM1 IRRATIONALISM1 & *EAP FADS FROM DEVIL WOR%IP TO ANGELOLOGY4 ,PUT ! PREFIX BIO- BE=E A WORD1 & Y\ >E COME UP ) ! MO/ 9ANE1 (T5 ASOCIAL BODY ( 0IDEAS0 POSSIBLE1 SU* AS BIOREGIONALISM1 :I* OV]RIDES ! V]Y FUNDAM5TAL CULTURAL DIFF]5CES ?AT DEM>CATE ONE COMMUNITY OR GR\P ( COMMUNITIES FROM ANO!R BY VIRTUE ( A COMMON WAT]%$1 LAKE1 OR M\NTA9 RANGE4 ,WE CAN N[ BEG9 TO SEE ! FACE ( A B>B>ISM ?AT IS CULTURALLY DEVOLUTION>Y1 ( 0NEW SOCIAL MOVEM5TS0 ?AT >E IRRELEVANT TO ! PROBLEMS ( HUMAN EXP]I5CE AT BE/ & QUIETI/IC1 SUBMISSIVE1 & SELF-EFFAC+ AT WOR/4 ,IF WE REQUIRE 0A SPIRITUAL REVOLUTION MORE .<6.> ?AN A POLITICAL PLAT=M1 & A REG5]AT$ COMMUNITY MORE .<6.> ?AN A POLITICAL MOVEM5T02 9DE$1 IF DEMOCRACY IS AN 0IMAG9>Y0 & ?AT ! PROCESS ( LEGISLAT+ IS EV]Y:]E1 9 EV]Y?+ WE DO2 IF WE MU/ BUILD A VA/ NETWORK ( AFF9ITY GR\PS1 COMMUNES1 & O!R L>GELY P]SONALI/ 5TITIES2 IF WE MU/ 0DWELL0 9 ,TAOI/ QUIETISM--NOT ONLY ON ,FA!R ,B]RY'S 0,E>?10 BUT )9 ! BOSOM ( ! 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P]MISSION ( ! AU?OR4 ,FROM 3 ,AN>*Y ,>*IVES4 ,*RONOLOGY 3 ,SEPTEMB] #b1 #aiie 3 ,COMM5TS ON 444 ! 0,DEEP ,SOCIAL ,ECOLOGY0 ( ,JOHN ,CL>K -- ,PUBLICATION4 ,FEBRU>Y #a1 #bag 3 ,COMM5TS ON 444 ! 0,DEEP ,SOCIAL ,ECOLOGY0 ( ,JOHN ,CL>K -- ,ADD$4 ,DECEMB] #c1 #bba 3 ,COMM5TS ON 444 ! 0,DEEP ,SOCIAL ,ECOLOGY0 ( ,JOHN ,CL>K -- ,UPDAT$4 FILE G5]AT$ FROM 3 HTTP3_/_/REVOLTLIB4COM_/