,COMM5TS ON ! ,SOCIETY ( ! ,SPECTACLE 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,GUY ,DEBORD 

,TEXT 3 

,9 MEMORY ( ,G]>D ,LEBOVICI1 ASSASS9AT$ 9 ,P>IS ON #e ,M>* #a#i#h#d1 9 A TRAP ?AT REMA9S MY/]I\S4.<#a.> 

0,H[EV] CRITICAL ! SITUATION & CIRCUM/ANCES 9 :I* Y\ F9D Y\RSELF1 DESPAIR ( NO?+2 IT IS ON ! OCCASIONS 9 :I* EV]Y?+ IS TO BE FE>$ ?AT IT IS NECESS>Y TO FE> NO?+2 IT IS :5 ONE IS SURR\ND$ BY ALL ! DANG]S ?AT IT IS NOT NECESS>Y TO DREAD ANY2 IT IS :5 ONE IS )\T RES\RCES ?AT IT IS NECESS>Y TO C\NT ON ALL ( !M2 IT IS :5 ONE IS SURPRIS$ ?AT IT IS NECESS>Y TO SURPRISE ! 5EMY HIMSELF40 ,SUN ,TZU1 ,! ,>T ( ,W>4.<#b.> 

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,!SE COMM5TS >E SURE TO BE PROMPTLY KN[N BY FIFTY OR SIXTY PEOPLE2 A L>GE NUMB] GIV5 ! TIMES 9 :I* WE LIVE & ! GRAVITY ( ! MATT]S UND] DISCUSSION4 ,BUT !N1 ( C\RSE1 9 SOME CIRCLES ,I AM CONSID]$ TO BE AN AU?ORITY4 ,IT MU/ ALSO BE BORNE 9 M9D ?AT A GOOD HALF ( ?IS ELITE ?AT WILL BE 9T]E/$ WILL CONSI/ ( PEOPLE :O DEVOTE !MSELVES TO MA9TA9+ ! SPECTACUL> SY/EM ( DOM9ATION1.<#c.> & ! O!R HALF ( PEOPLE :O P]SI/ 9 DO+ QUITE ! OPPOSITE4 ,HAV+1 !N1 TO TAKE ACC\NT ( READ]S :O >E BO? ATT5TIVE & DIV]SELY 9FLU5TIAL1 ,I OBVI\SLY CANNOT SPEAK ) COMPLETE FRE$OM4 ,ABOVE ALL1 ,I MU/ TAKE C>E NOT TO 9/RUCT JU/ ANYBODY4 

,! UNHAPP9ESS ( ! TIMES ?US COMPELS ME1 ONCE AGA91 TO WRITE 9 A NEW WAY4 ,SOME ELEM5TS WILL BE 9T5TIONALLY OMITT$2 & ! PLAN WILL HAVE TO REMA9 RA!R UNCLE>4 ,READ]S WILL 5C\NT] C]TA9 LURES1 LIKE ! V]Y HALLM>K ( ! ]A4 ,AS LONG AS O!R PAGES >E 9T]POLAT$ H]E & !RE1 ! OV]ALL MEAN+ MAY APPE> JU/ AS SECRET CLAUSES HAVE V]Y (T5 BE5 ADD$ TO :ATEV] TREATIES MAY OP5LY /IPULATE.<#d.>2 JU/ AS SOME *EMICAL AG5TS ONLY REVEAL !IR HIDD5 PROP]TIES :5 !Y >E COMB9$ ) O!RS4 ,H[EV]1 9 ?IS BRIEF WORK !RE WILL BE ONLY TOO MANY ?+S :I* >E1 ALAS1 EASY TO UND]/&4 

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,9 #a#i#f#g1 9 A BOOK 5TITL$ ,! ,SOCIETY ( ! ,SPECTACLE1 ,I %[$ :AT ! MOD]N SPECTACLE WAS ALREADY 9 ESS5CE3 ! AUTOCRATIC REIGN ( ! M>KET ECONOMY1 :I* HAD ACC$$ TO AN IRRESPONSIBLE SOV]EIGNTY1 & ! TOTALITY ( NEW TE*NIQUES ( GOV]NM5T ?AT ACCOMPANI$ ?IS REIGN4 ,! DI/URBANCES ( #a#i#f#h1 :I* 9 SEV]AL C\NTRIES LA/$ 9TO ! FOLL[+ YE>S1 HAV+ NO:]E OV]?R[N ! EXI/+ ORGANIZATION ( ! SOCIETY FROM :I* IT SPR+S APP>5TLY SPONTANE\SLY1 ! SPECTACLE HAS ?US CONT9U$ TO RE9=CE ITSELF1 ?AT IS1 TO SPREAD TO ! FUR!/ LIMITS ON ALL SIDES1 :ILE 9CREAS+ ITS D5SITY 9 ! C5T]4 ,IT HAS EV5 LE>N$ NEW DEF5SIVE TE*NIQUES1 AS P[]S UND] ATTACK ALWAYS DO4 ,:5 ,I BEGAN ! CRITIQUE ( SPECTACUL> SOCIETY1 :AT WAS P>TICUL>LY NOTIC$ -- GIV5 ! P]IOD -- WAS ! REVOLUTION>Y CONT5T ?AT C\LD BE DISCOV]$ 9 ?AT CRITIQUE2 & IT WAS NATURALLY FELT TO BE ITS MO/ TR\BLESOME ELEM5T4 ,AS TO ! SPECTACLE ITSELF1 ,I WAS SOMETIMES ACCUS$ ( HAV+ 9V5T$ IT \T ( ?9 AIR1 & WAS ALWAYS ACCUS$ ( 9DULG+ MYSELF TO EXCESS 9 MY EVALUATION ( ITS DEP? & UNITY1 & ITS REAL WORK+S4 ,I MU/ ADMIT ?AT O!RS :O LAT] PUBLI%$ NEW BOOKS ON ! SAME SUBJECT DEMON/RAT$ ?AT IT WAS QUITE POSSIBLE TO SAY LESS4 ,ALL !Y HAD TO DO WAS TO REPLACE ! TOTALITY & ITS MOVEM5T BY A S+LE /ATIC DETAIL ON ! SURFACE ( ! PH5OM5ON1 ) EA* AU?OR DEMON/RAT+ HIS ORIG9ALITY BY *OOS+ A DIFF]5T & ALL ! LESS DI/URB+ ONE4 ,NO ONE WANT$ TO TA9T ! SCI5TIFIC MODE/Y ( HIS P]SONAL 9T]PRETATION BY 9T]POS+ RECKLESS HI/ORICAL JUDGM5TS4 

,NONE!LESS1 ! SOCIETY ( ! SPECTACLE HAS CONT9U$ TO ADVANCE4 ,IT MOVES QUICKLY = 9 #aifg IT HAD B>ELY =TY YE>S BEH9D IT1 ?\< IT HAD US$ !M TO ! FULL4 ,& BY ITS [N DEVELOPM5T1 :I* NO ONE TOOK ! TR\BLE TO 9VE/IGATE1 IT HAS S9CE %[N ) SOME A/ONI%+ A*IEVEM5TS ?AT IT IS EFFECTIVELY JU/ :AT ,I SAID IT WAS4 ,PROV+ ?IS PO9T HAS MORE ?AN ACADEMIC VALUE1 BECAUSE IT IS UND\BT$LY 9DISP5SABLE TO HAVE UND]/OOD ! SPECTACLE'S UNITY & >TICULATION AS AN ACTIVE =CE 9 ORD] TO EXAM9E ! DIRECTIONS 9 :I* ?IS =CE HAS S9CE BE5 ABLE TO TRAVEL4 ,!SE QUE/IONS >E ( GREAT 9T]E/1 = IT IS UND] SU* CONDITIONS ?AT ! NEXT /AGE ( ! CONFLICT 9 SOCIETY WILL NECESS>ILY BE PLAY$ \T4 ,S9CE ! SPECTACLE TODAY IS C]TA9LY MORE P[]FUL ?AN IT WAS BE=E1 :AT IS IT DO+ ) ?IS ADDITIONAL P[]8 ,:AT PO9T HAS IT REA*$1 ?AT IT HAD NOT REA*$ PREVI\SLY8 ,:AT1 9 %ORT1 >E ITS PRES5T L9ES ( ADVANCE8 ,! VAGUE FEEL+ ?AT !RE HAS BE5 A RAPID 9VASION :I* HAS =C$ PEOPLE TO LEAD !IR LIVES 9 AN 5TIRELY DIFF]5T WAY IS N[ WIDESPREAD2 BUT ?IS IS EXP]I5C$ RA!R LIKE SOME 9EXPLICABLE *ANGE 9 ! CLIMATE1 OR 9 SOME O!R NATURAL EQUILIBRIUM1 A *ANGE AB\T :I* IGNORANCE KN[S ONLY ?AT IT HAS NO?+ TO SAY4 ,:AT IS MORE1 MANY SEE IT AS A CIVILIZ+ 9VASION1 AS SOME?+ 9EVITABLE1 & EV5 WANT TO COLLABORATE4 ,SU* PEOPLE W\LD RA!R NOT KN[ ! PRECISE PURPOSE ( ?IS CONQUE/1 & H[ IT IS ADVANC+4 

,I AM GO+ TO \TL9E C]TA9 PRACTICAL CONSEQU5CES1 /ILL LITTLE KN[N1 ?AT RESULT FROM ! SPECTACLE'S RAPID DEPLOYM5T OV] ! LA/ TW5TY YE>S4 ,I HAVE NO 9T5TION ( 5T]+ 9TO POLEMICS ON ANY ASPECT ( ?IS QUE/ION2 !SE >E N[ TOO EASY1 & TOO USELESS4 ,NOR WILL ,I TRY TO CONV9CE4 ,! PRES5T COMM5TS >E NOT CONC]N$ ) MORALIZ+4 ,!Y DO NOT PROPOSE :AT IS DESIRABLE1 OR M]ELY PREF]ABLE4 ,!Y SIMPLY RECORD :AT IS4 

,I,I,I4 

,NO ONE TODAY CAN REASONABLY D\BT ! EXI/5CE OR ! P[] ( ! SPECTACLE2 ON ! CONTR>Y1 ONE MI<T D\BT :E!R IT IS REASONABLE TO ADD ANY?+ ON A QUE/ION :I* EXP]I5CE HAS ALREADY SETTL$ 9 SU* DRACONIAN FA%ION4 ,LE ,MONDE ( #ai ,SEPTEMB] #aihg (F]$ A FELICIT\S ILLU/RATION ( ! SAY+1 ',IF IT EXI/S1 !RE'S NO NE$ TO TALK AB\T IT1' A FUNDAM5TAL LAW ( !SE SPECTACUL> TIMES :I*1 AT LEA/ 9 ?IS RESPECT1 5SURE !RE IS NO SU* ?+ AS A BACKW>D C\NTRY4 

,?AT MOD]N SOCIETY IS A SOCIETY ( SPECTACLE N[ GOES )\T SAY+4 ,IT WILL SOON BE NECESS>Y TO REM>K ?OSE :O DO NO?+ REM>KABLE4 ,ONE LOSES C\NT ( ALL ! BOOKS DESCRIB+ A PH5OM5ON :I* N[ *>ACT]IZES ALL ! 9DU/RIALIZ$ NATIONS YET EQUALLY SP>ES NONE ( ! C\NTRIES :I* HAVE /ILL TO CAT* UP4 ,:AT IS SO DROLL1 H[EV]1 IS ?AT ALL ! BOOKS :I* DO ANALYZE ?IS PH5OM5ON1 USUALLY TO DEPLORE IT1 MU/ SACRIFICE !MSELVES TO ! SPECTACLE IF !Y'RE TO BECOME KN[N4 

,IT IS TRUE ?AT ?IS SPECTACUL> CRITIQUE ( ! SPECTACLE1 :I* IS NOT ONLY LATE BUT1 EV5 WORSE1 SEEKS 'TO MAKE ITSELF KN[N' ON ! SAME LEVEL1 9EVITABLY /ICKS TO VA9 G5]ALITIES OR HYPOCRITICAL REGRETS2 JU/ AS VA9 AS ! CL[NS :O P>ADE !IR DISABUS$ SAGACITY 9 NEWSPAP]S4 

,! EMPTY DEBATE ON ! SPECTACLE -- ?AT IS1 ON ! ACTIVITIES ( ! WORLD'S [N]S -- IS ?US ORGANIZ$ BY ! SPECTACLE ITSELF3 EV]Y?+ IS SAID AB\T ! EXT5SIVE MEANS AT ITS DISPOSAL1 TO 5SURE ?AT NO?+ IS SAID AB\T !IR EXT5SIVE DEPLOYM5T4 ,RA!R ?AN TALK ( ! SPECTACLE1 PEOPLE (T5 PREF] TO USE ! T]M 'M$IA4' ,& BY ?IS !Y MEAN TO DESCRIBE A M]E 9/RUM5T1 A K9D ( PUBLIC S]VICE :I* ) IMP>TIAL 'PR(ESSIONALISM' W\LD FACILITATE ! NEW WEAL? ( MASS COMMUNICATION ?R\< MASS M$IA .<,5GLI% 9 ORIG9AL.> -- A =M ( COMMUNICATION :I* HAS AT LA/ ATTA9$ A UNILAT]AL PURITY1 :]EBY DECISIONS ALREADY TAK5 >E PRES5T$ = PEACEFUL ADMIRATION4 ,= :AT IS COMMUNICAT$ >E ORD]S2 & ) GREAT H>MONY1 ?OSE :O GIVE !M >E ALSO ?OSE :O TELL US :AT !Y ?9K ( !M4 

,! P[] ( ! SPECTACLE1 :I* IS SO FUNDAM5TALLY UNIT>Y1 A C5TRALIZ] BY ! V]Y WEI<T ( ?+S1 & 5TIRELY DESPOTIC 9 SPIRIT1 FREQU5TLY RAILS AT SEE+ ! CON/ITUTION UND] ITS RULE ( A POLITICS-SPECTACLE1 A JU/ICE-SPECTACLE1 A M$IC9E-SPECTACLE & ALL ! O!R SIMIL>LY SURPRIS+ EXAMPLES ( 0M$IATIC EXCESS40 ,?US ! SPECTACLE W\LD BE NO?+ O!R ?AN ! EXCESSES ( ! M$IATIC1.<#e.> :OSE NATURE1 UNQUE/IONABLY GOOD S9CE IT FACILITATES COMMUNICATION1 IS SOMETIMES DRIV5 TO EXTREMES4 ,(T5 5\< SOCIETY'S BOSSES DECL>E !MSELVES ILL-S]V$ BY !IR M$IA EMPLOYES3 MORE (T5 !Y BLAME ! PLEBIAN SPECTATORS = ! COMMON1 ALMO/ BE/IAL MANN] 9 :I* !Y 9DULGE 9 M$IATIC PLEASURES4 ,A VIRTUALLY 9F9ITE NUMB] ( SUPPOS$ M$IATIC DIFF]5CES ?US S]VE TO DISSIMULATE :AT IS1 ON ! CONTR>Y1 ! RESULT ( A SPECTACUL> CONV]G5CE1 PURSU$ ) REM>KABLE T5ACITY4 ,JU/ AS ! LOGIC ( ! COMMODITY REIGNS OV] CAPITALI/S' COMPET+ AMBITIONS1 OR ! LOGIC ( W> ALWAYS DOM9ATES ! FREQU5T MODIFICATIONS 9 WEAPONRY1 SO ! H>% LOGIC ( ! SPECTACLE CONTROLS ! ABUNDANT DIV]SITY ( M$IATIC EXTRAVAGANCES4 

,9 ALL ?AT HAS HAPP5$ 9 ! LA/ TW5TY YE>S1 ! MO/ IMPORTANT *ANGE LIES 9 ! V]Y CONT9UITY ( ! SPECTACLE4 ,?IS HAS NO?+ TO DO ) ! P]FECT+ ( ITS M$IATIC 9/RUM5TATION1 :I* HAD ALREADY REA*$ A HI<LY ADVANC$ /AGE ( DEVELOPM5T2 IT MEANS QUITE SIMPLY ?AT ! SPECTACLE'S DOM9ATION HAS SUCCE$$ 9 RAIS+ A :OLE G5]ATION MOLD$ TO ITS LAWS4 ,! EXTRAORD9>Y NEW CONDITIONS 9 :I* ?IS 5TIRE G5]ATION HAS EFFECTIVELY LIV$ CON/ITUTE A PRECISE & SUFFICI5T SUMM>Y ( ALL ?AT1 H5CE=?1 ! SPECTACLE WILL =BID2 & ALSO ALL ?AT IT WILL P]MIT4 

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,ON ! !ORETICAL LEVEL1 ,I ONLY NE$ ADD A S+LE DETAIL TO MY E>LI] =MULATIONS1 ALBEIT ONE :I* HAS F>-REA*+ CONSEQU5CES4 ,9 #aifg ,I DI/+UI%$ TWO RIVAL & SUCCESSIVE =MS ( SPECTACUL> P[]1 ! CONC5TRAT$ & ! DIFFUSE4 ,BO? ( !M FLOAT$ ABOVE REAL SOCIETY1 AS ITS GOAL & ITS LIE4 ,! =M]1 PLAC+ 9 ! =E ! IDEOLOGY GR\P$ >\ND A DICTATORIAL P]SONALITY1 HAD ACCOMPANI$ ! TOTALIT>IAN C\NT]-REVOLUTION1 ,NAZI AS WELL AS ,/AL9I/4 ,! LATT]1 DRIV+ SAL>I$ WORK]S TO FREELY OP]ATE !IR *OICE UPON ! GREAT V>IETY ( NEW COMMODITIES ?AT CONFRONT !M1 HAD REPRES5T$ ! ,AM]ICANIZATION ( ! WORLD1 A PROCESS :I* 9 SOME RESPECTS FRI<T5$ BUT ALSO SUCCESSFULLY S$UC$ ?OSE C\NTRIES :]E IT HAD BE5 POSSIBLE TO MA9TA9 TRADITIONAL =MS ( B\RGEOIS DEMOCRACY4 ,S9CE !N A ?IRD =M HAS BE5 E/ABLI%$1 ?R\< ! RATIONAL COMB9ATION ( !SE TWO1 & ON ! BASIS ( A VICTORY ( ! =M :I* HAD %[$ ITSELF /RONG]3 ! DIFFUSE4 ,?IS IS ! 9TEGRAT$ SPECTACUL>1.<#f.> :I* HAS S9CE T5D$ TO IMPOSE ITSELF GLOBALLY4 

,:]EAS ,RUSSIA & ,G]MANY W]E L>GELY RESPONSIBLE = ! =MATION ( ! CONC5TRAT$ SPECTACUL>1 & ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES = ! DIFFUSE =M1 ! 9TEGRAT$ SPECTACUL> SEEMS TO HAVE BE5 PIONE]$ 9 ,FRANCE & ,ITALY BY ! PLAY ( A S]IES ( %>$ HI/ORICAL FEATURES1 NAMELY1 ! IMPORTANT ROLE ( ! ,/AL9I/ P>TY & UNIONS 9 POLITICAL & 9TELLECTUAL LIFE1 A WEAK DEMOCRATIC TRADITION1 ! LONG MONOPOLY ( P[] 5JOY$ BY A S+LE P>TY ( GOV]NM5T1 & ! NECESSITY TO ELIM9ATE AN UNEXPECT$ UPSURGE 9 REVOLUTION>Y ACTIVITY .<S9CE #a#i#f#h.>4 

,! 9TEGRAT$ SPECTACUL> %[S ITSELF TO BE SIMULTANE\SLY CONC5TRAT$ & DIFFUSE1 & EV] S9CE ! FRUITFUL UNION ( ! TWO HAS LE>N$ TO EMPLOY BO? !SE QUALITIES ON A GR&] SCALE4 ,!IR =M] MODE ( APPLICATION HAS *ANG$ CONSID]ABLY4 ,AS REG>DS ! CONC5TRAT$ SIDE1 ! CONTROLL+ C5T] HAS N[ BECOME OCCULT1 NEV] TO BE OCCUPI$ BY A KN[N LEAD]1 OR CLE> IDEOLOGY4 ,& ON ! DIFFUSE SIDE1 ! SPECTACUL> 9FLU5CE HAS NEV] BE=E PUT ITS M>K TO SU* A DEGREE ON ALMO/ ! TOTALITY ( SOCIALLY PRODUC$ BEHAVIOR & OBJECTS4 ,= ! F9AL S5SE ( ! 9TEGRAT$ SPECTACUL> IS ?AT IT 9TEGRATES ITSELF 9TO REALITY TO ! SAME EXT5T ?AT IT SPEAKS ( IT1 & ?AT IT RECON/RUCTS IT AS IT SPEAKS4 ,AS A RESULT1 ?IS REALITY NO LONG] CONFRONTS ! 9TEGRAT$ SPECTACUL> AS SOME?+ ALI54 ,:5 ! SPECTACUL> WAS CONC5TRAT$1 ! GREAT] P>T ( P]IPH]AL SOCIETY ESCAP$ IT2 :5 IT WAS DIFFUSE1 A SMALL P>T2 TODAY1 NO P>T4 ,! SPECTACLE IS MIX$ 9TO ALL REALITY & IRRADIATES IT4 ,AS ONE C\LD EASILY =ESEE 9 !ORY1 PRACTICAL EXP]I5CE ( ! UNBRIDL$ ACCOMPLI%M5T ( COMMODITY RATIONALITY HAS QUICKLY & )\T EXCEPTION %[N ?AT ! BECOM+-WORLD ( ! FALSIFICATION WAS ALSO ! FALSIFICATION ( ! WORLD4 ,BEYOND A /ILL IMPORTANT H]ITAGE ( OLD BOOKS & OLD BUILD+S1 BUT DE/9$ TO CONT9UAL R$UCTION &1 MOREOV]1 9CREAS+LY SELECT$ & PUT 9TO P]SPECTIVE ACCORD+ TO ! SPECTACLE'S REQUIREM5TS1 !RE REMA9S NO?+1 9 CULTURE OR 9 NATURE1 :I* HAS NOT BE5 TRANS=M$1 & POLLUT$1 ACCORD+ TO ! MEANS & 9T]E/S ( MOD]N 9DU/RY4 ,EV5 G5ETICS HAS BECOME READILY ACCESSIBLE TO ! DOM9ANT SOCIAL =CES4 

,! GOV]NM5T ( ! SPECTACLE1 :I* N[ POSSESSES ALL ! MEANS TO FALSIFY ! :OLE ( PRODUCTION & P]CEPTION1 IS ! ABSOLUTE MA/] ( MEMORIES JU/ AS IT IS ! UNFETT]$ MA/] ( PROJECTS ?AT WILL %APE ! MO/ DI/ANT FUTURE4 ,IT REIGNS UN*ECK$2 IT EXECUTES ITS SUMM>Y JUDGM5TS4 

,IT IS 9 !SE CONDITIONS ?AT A P>ODIC 5D ( ! DIVISION ( LABOR SUDD5LY APPE>S1 ) C>NIVALESQUE GAIETY1 ALL ! MORE WELCOME BECAUSE IT CO9CIDES ) ! G5]ALIZ$ DISAPPE>ANCE ( ALL TRUE COMPET5CE4 ,A F9ANCI] CAN BE A S+]1 A LAWY] A POLICE SPY1 A BAK] CAN P>ADE HIS LIT]>Y TA/ES1 AN ACTOR CAN BE PRESID5T1 A *EF CAN PHILOSOPHIZE ON ! MOVEM5TS ( BAK+ AS IF !Y W]E L&M>KS 9 UNIV]SAL HI/ORY4 ,EA* CAN JO9 ! SPECTACLE1 9 ORD] PUBLICLY TO ADOPT1 OR SOMETIMES SECRETLY PRACTICE1 AN 5TIRELY DIFF]5T ACTIVITY FROM :ATEV] SPECIALTY FIR/ MADE !IR NAME4 ,:]E ! POSSESSION ( 0M$IATIC /ATUS0 HAS ACQUIR$ 9F9ITELY MORE IMPORTANCE ?AN ! VALUE ( ANY?+ ONE MI<T ACTUALLY BE CAPABLE ( DO+1 IT IS NORMAL = ?IS /ATUS TO BE EASILY TRANSF]ABLE & TO CONF] ! RI<T TO %9E 9 ! SAME FA%ION TO ANYONE ANY:]E4 ,MO/ (T5 !SE ACCEL]AT$ M$IA P>TICLES PURSUE !IR SIMPLE ORBIT ( /ATUTORILY GU>ANTE$ ADMIRATION4 ,BUT IT HAPP5S ?AT ! M$IATIC TRANSITION PROVIDES ! COV] = MANY 5T]PRISES1 (FICIALLY 9DEP5D5T BUT 9 FACT SECRETLY L9K$ BY V>I\S AD HOC NETWORKS4 ,) ! RESULT ?AT OCCASIONALLY ! SOCIAL DIVISION ( LABOR1 ALONG ) ! EASILY =ESEEABLE SOLID>ITY ( ITS USE1 REAPPE>S 9 QUITE NEW =MS3 = EXAMPLE1 ONE CAN N[ PUBLI% A NOVEL 9 ORD] TO >RANGE AN ASSASS9ATION4 ,SU* PICTURESQUE EXAMPLES ALSO GO TO %[ ?AT ONE %\LD NEV] TRU/ SOMEONE BECAUSE ( !IR JOB4 

,BUT ! GREATE/ AMBITION ( ! 9TEGRAT$ SPECTACUL> IS /ILL ?AT SECRET AG5TS BECOME REVOLUTION>IES1 & ?AT REVOLUTION>IES BECOME SECRET AG5TS4 

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,! SOCIETY MOD]NIZ$ TO ! /AGE ( ! 9TEGRAT$ SPECTACUL> IS *>ACT]IZ$ BY ! COMB9$ EFFECT ( FIVE PR9CIPAL FEATURES3 9CESSANT TE*NOLOGICAL R5EWAL2 FUSION ( ,/ATE & ECONOMY2 G5]ALIZ$ SECRECY1 =G]IES )\T REPLY2 A P]PETUAL PRES5T4 

,! MOVEM5T ( TE*NOLOGICAL 9NOVATION HAS A LONG HI/ORY1 & IS A CON/ITU5T ( CAPITALI/ SOCIETY1 SOMETIMES DESCRIB$ AS 9DU/RIAL OR PO/-9DU/RIAL4 ,BUT S9CE ITS MO/ REC5T ACCEL]ATION 79 ! AFT]MA? ( ! ,SECOND ,WORLD ,W>7 IT HAS GREATLY RE9=C$ SPECTACUL> AU?ORITY1 BY COMPLETELY SURR5D]+ EV]YBODY TO ! 5SEMBLE ( SPECIALI/S1 TO !IR CALCULATIONS & !IR JUDGM5TS1 :I* ALWAYS DEP5D ON !IR CALCULATIONS4 ,! FUSION ( ,/ATE & ECONOMY IS ! MO/ EVID5T TR5D ( ! C5TURY2 IT HAS AT ! V]Y LEA/ BECOME ! MOTOR ( ! MO/ REC5T ECONOMIC DEVELOPM5T4 ,! DEF5SIVE & (F5SIVE PACT CONCLUD$ BETWE5 !SE TWO P[]S1 ! ECONOMY & ! ,/ATE1 HAS ASSUR$ !M ( ! GREATE/ COMMON ADVANTAGES 9 EV]Y FIELD3 EA* MAY BE SAID TO [N ! O!R2 IT IS ABSURD TO OPPOSE !M1 OR TO DI/+UI% BETWE5 !IR RATIONALITIES & IRRATIONALITIES4 ,?IS UNION HAS ALSO PROV$ TO BE EXTREMELY FAVORABLE TO ! DEVELOPM5T ( SPECTACUL> DOM9ATION1 :I*1 PRECISELY1 FROM ITS =MATION1 HASN'T BE5 ANY?+ ELSE4 ,! O!R ?REE FEATURES >E DIRECT EFFECTS ( ?IS DOM9ATION1 9 ITS 9TEGRAT$ /AGE4 

,G5]ALIZ$ SECRECY /&S BEH9D ! SPECTACLE1 AS ! DECISIVE COMPLEM5T ( ALL IT DISPLAYS &1 9 ! LA/ ANALYSIS1 AS ITS MO/ IMPORTANT OP]ATION4 

,! SIMPLE FACT ( BE+ )\T REPLY HAS GIV5 TO ! FALSE AN 5TIRELY NEW QUALITY4 ,AT A /ROKE IT IS TRU? :I* HAS ALMO/ EV]Y:]E CEAS$ TO EXI/ OR1 AT BE/1 HAS BE5 R$UC$ TO ! /ATUS ( PURE HYPO!SIS ?AT CAN NEV] BE DEMON/RAT$4 ,! FALSE )\T REPLY HAS SUCCE$$ 9 MAK+ PUBLIC OP9ION DISAPPE>3 FIR/ IT F\ND ITSELF 9CAPABLE ( MAK+ ITSELF HE>D & !N V]Y QUICKLY DISSOLV$ ALTOGE!R4 ,?IS EVID5TLY HAS SIGNIFICANT CONSEQU5CES = POLITICS1 ! APPLI$ SCI5CES1 ! JU/ICE SY/EM & >TI/IC KN[L$GE4 

,! CON/RUCTION ( A PRES5T :]E FA%ION ITSELF1 FROM CLO!S TO MUSIC1 HAS COME TO A HALT1 :I* WANTS TO =GET ! PA/ & NO LONG] SEEMS TO BELIEVE 9 A FUTURE1 IS A*IEV$ BY ! CEASELESS CIRCUL> PASSAGE ( 9=MATION1 ALWAYS RETURN+ TO ! SAME %ORT LI/ ( TRIVIALITIES1 PASSIONATELY PROCLAIM$ AS MAJOR DISCOV]IES4 ,MEAN:ILE NEWS ( :AT IS G5U9ELY IMPORTANT1 ( :AT IS ACTUALLY *ANG+1 COMES R>ELY1 & !N 9 FITS & />TS4 ,IT ALWAYS CONC]NS ?IS WORLD'S APP>5T CONDEMNATION ( ITS [N EXI/5CE1 ! /AGES 9 ITS PROGRAMM$ SELF-DE/RUCTION4 

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,SPECTACUL> DOM9ATION'S FIR/ PRIORITY WAS TO MAKE HI/ORICAL KN[L$GE 9 G5]AL DISAPPE>2 BEG9N+ ) JU/ AB\T ALL RATIONAL 9=MATION & COMM5T>Y ON ! MO/ REC5T PA/4 ,! EVID5CE = ?IS IS SO GL>+ IT H>DLY NE$S FUR!R EXPLANATION4 ,) MA/]Y ! SPECTACLE ORGANIZES IGNORANCE ( :AT IS AB\T TO HAPP5 &1 IMM$IATELY AFT]W>DS1 ! =GETT+ ( :ATEV] HAS NONE!LESS BE5 UND]/OOD4 ,! MO/ IMPORTANT IS ! MO/ HIDD54 ,NO?+ 9 ! LA/ TW5TY YE>S HAS BE5 SO ?OR\<LY COAT$ 9 OB$I5T LIES AS ! HI/ORY ( ,MAY #a#i#f#h4 ,SOME USEFUL LESSONS HAVE BE5 LE>N$ FROM C]TA9 DEMY/IFY+ /UDIES ( ?OSE DAYS & !IR ORIG9S2 !SE1 H[EV]1 >E ,/ATE SECRETS4 

,9 ,FRANCE1 IT IS A DOZ5 YE>S N[ S9CE A PRESID5T ( ! REPUBLIC1 LONG S9CE =GOTT5 BUT AT ! TIME /ILL FLOAT+ ON ! SPECTACLE'S SURFACE1 NAIVELY EXPRESS$ HIS DELI<T AT 0KN[+ ?AT H5CE=? WE WILL LIVE 9 A WORLD )\T MEMORY1 :]E IMAGES *ASE EA* O!R1 LIKE REFLECTIONS ON ! WAT]40 ,CONV5I5T 9DE$ = ?OSE 9 BUS9ESS1 & :O KN[ H[ TO /AY !RE4 ,! 5D ( HI/ORY GIVES CURR5T-DAY P[] A PLEASANT BREAK4 ,SUCCESS IS ABSOLUTELY GU>ANTE$ 9 ALL ( P[]'S UND]TAK+S1 OR AT LEA/ ! RUMOR ( SUCCESS4 

,H[ DRA/ICALLY ANY ABSOLUTE P[] WILL SUPPRESS HI/ORY DEP5DS ON ! EXT5T ( ITS IMP]I\S 9T]E/S OR OBLIGATIONS1 & ESPECIALLY ON ITS PRACTICAL CAPACITY TO EXECUTE ITS AIMS4 ,TS'9 ,*E ,HOANG ,TI HAD BOOKS BURN$1 BUT HE NEV] MANAG$ TO GET RID ( ALL ( !M4 ,9 \R [N C5TURY ,/AL9 W5T FUR!R1 YET DESPITE ! V>I\S ACCOMPLICES HE MANAG$ TO F9D \TSIDE HIS EMPIRE'S BORD]S1 !RE REMA9$ A VA/ >EA ( ! WORLD BEYOND ! REA* ( HIS POLICE1 :]E HIS IMPO/URES C\LD BE LAU<$ AT4 ,! 9TEGRAT$ SPECTACUL> HAS DONE MU* BETT] ) V]Y NEW PROC$URES & ?IS TIME OP]ATES GLOBALLY4 ,9EPTITUDE COMPELS UNIV]SAL RESPECT2 IT IS NO LONG] P]MITT$ TO LAU< AT IT2 9 ANY CASE1 IT HAS BECOME IMPOSSIBLE TO %[ ?AT ONE IS LAU<+4 

,HI/ORY'S DOMA9 WAS ! MEMORABLE1 ! TOTALITY ( EV5TS :OSE CONSEQU5CES W\LD BE LA/+LY APP>5T4 ,9SEP>ABLY1 HI/ORY WAS KN[L$GE ?AT MU/ 5DURE & AID 9 UND]/&+1 AT LEA/ 9 P>T1 :AT WAS TO COME3 0A POSSESSION = ALL TIME10 ACCORD+ TO ,?UCYDIDES4 ,9 ?IS WAY HI/ORY WAS ! MEASURE ( G5U9E NOVELTY2 & ?OSE :O SELL NOVELTY AT ANY PRICE HAVE MADE ! MEANS ( MEASUR+ IT DISAPPE>4 ,:5 ! IMPORTANT MAKES ITSELF SOCIALLY RECOGNIZ$ AS :AT IS 9/ANTANE\S1 & WILL /ILL BE ! O!R & ! SAME ! 9/ANT AFT]W>DS1 & WILL ALWAYS REPLACE ANO!R 9/ANTANE\S IMPORTANCE1 ONE CAN SAY ?AT ! MEANS EMPLOY$ GU>ANTEE A SORT ( ET]NITY ( NON-IMPORTANCE ?AT SPEAKS L\DLY4 

,! PRECI\S ADVANTAGE ?AT ! SPECTACLE HAS DRAWN FROM ! \TLAW+ ( HI/ORY1 FROM HAV+ CONDEMN$ ! REC5T PA/ TO CL&E/9ITY1 & FROM HAV+ MADE EV]YONE =GET ! SPIRIT ( HI/ORY )9 SOCIETY1 IS ABOVE ALL ! ABILITY TO COV] ITS [N HI/ORY ( ! MOVEM5T ( ITS REC5T WORLD CONQUE/4 ,ITS P[] ALREADY SEEMS FAMILI>1 AS IF IT HAD ALWAYS BE5 !RE4 ,ALL USURP]S HAVE WANT$ TO MAKE US =GET ?AT !Y HAVE ONLY JU/ >RIV$4 

,V,I,I4 

,) ! DE/RUCTION ( HI/ORY1 CONTEMPOR>Y EV5TS !MSELVES RETREAT 9TO A FABUL\S DI/ANCE1 AMONG ITS UNV]IFIABLE /ORIES1 UN*ECKABLE /ATI/ICS1 UNLIKELY EXPLANATIONS & UNT5ABLE REASON+4 ,= EV]Y IMBECILE :O HAS ADVANC$ SPECTACUL>LY1 !RE >E ONLY ! M$IATICS :O CAN RESPOND ) A FEW RESPECTFUL RECTIFICATIONS OR REMON/RATIONS1 & !Y >E MIS]LY1 = BESIDES !IR EXTREME IGNORANCE1 !IR P]SONAL & PR(ESSIONAL SOLID>ITY ) ! SPECTACLE'S G5]AL AU?ORITY & ! SOCIETY IT EXPRESSES1 MAKES IT !IR DUTY1 & !IR PLEASURE1 NEV] TO DIV]GE FROM ?AT AU?ORITY :OSE MAJE/Y MU/ NOT BE DAMAG$4 ,IT MU/ NOT BE =GOTT5 ?AT ALL M$IATICS1 ?R\< WAGES & O!R REW>DS & RECOMP5SES1 HAS A MA/]1 & SOMETIMES TO SEV]AL2 & ?AT EV]Y ONE ( !M KN[S HE IS DISP5SABLE4 

,ALL EXP]TS >E M$IATICS-,/ATI/S & ONLY 9 ?AT WAY >E !Y RECOGNIZ$ AS EXP]TS4 ,EV]Y EXP]T FOLL[S HIS MA/]1 BECAUSE ALL =M] POSSIBILITIES = 9DEP5D5CE HAVE BE5 ALMO/ BE5 R$UC$ TO NIL BY PRES5T SOCIETY'S CONDITIONS ( ORGANIZATION4 ,! MO/ USEFUL EXP]T1 ( C\RSE1 IS ! ONE :O LIES4 ,?OSE :O NE$ EXP]TS >E1 = DIFF]5T REASONS1 FALSIFI]S & IGNORAMUSES4 ,:5EV] 9DIVIDUALS LOSE ! CAPACITY TO SEE ?+S = !MSELVES1 ! EXP]T IS !RE TO (F] A =MAL REASSURANCE4 ,ONCE !RE W]E EXP]TS 9 ,ETRUSCAN >T1 & COMPET5T ONES1 = ,ETRUSCAN >T WAS NOT = SALE4 ,BUT A P]IOD :I*1 = EXAMPLE1 F9DS IT PR(ITABLE TO FAKE BY *EMICAL MEANS V>I\S FAM\S W9ES1 CAN ONLY SELL !M IF IT HAS CREAT$ W9E EXP]TS ABLE TO CON CONNOISSEURS 9TO ADMIR+ !IR NEW1 MORE RECOGNIZABLE FLAVORS4.<#g.> ,C]VANTES REM>KS ?AT 0UND] A POOR CLOAK Y\ (T5 F9D A GOOD DR9K]40.<#h.> ,SOMEONE :O KN[S HIS W9E MAY (T5 UND]/& NO?+ AB\T ! RULES ( ! NUCLE> 9DU/RY1 BUT SPECTACUL> DOM9ATION CALCULATES ?AT IF ONE EXP]T CAN MAKE A FOOL ( HIM ) NUCLE> 9DU/RY1 ANO!R CAN EASILY DO ! SAME ) W9E4 ,& IT IS WELL KN[N1 = EXAMPLE1 ?AT EXP]TS 9 M$IATIC METEOROLOGY1 =ECA/+ TEMP]ATURE OR RA9FALL = ! NEXT =TY-EI<T H\RS1 >E SEV]ELY LIMIT$ 9 :AT !Y SAY BY ! OBLIGATION TO MA9TA9 C]TA9 ECONOMIC1 T\RI/IC & REGIONAL BALANCES1 :5 SO MANY PEOPLE MAKE SO MANY J\RNEYS ON SO MANY ROADS1 BETWE5 SO MANY EQUALLY DESOLATE PLACES2 ?US !Y CAN ONLY TRY TO MAKE !IR NAMES AS 5T]TA9]S4 

,ONE ASPECT ( ! DISAPPE>ANCE ( ALL OBJECTIVE HI/ORICAL KN[L$GE MANIFE/S ITSELF CONC]N+ ANY P]SONAL REPUTATION1 :I* HAS BECOME MALLEABLE & CORRECTABLE AT WILL BY ?OSE :O CONTROL ALL 9=MATION1 ?OSE :O COLLECT IT & ALSO ?OSE -- AN 5TIRELY DIFF]5T MATT] -- :O DIFFUSE IT4 ,!IR LIC5SE TO FALSIFY IS ?US UNLIMIT$4 ,HI/ORICAL EVID5CE1 ( :I*1 9 ! SPECTACLE1 ONE DOES NOT WANT TO KN[1 IS NO LONG] EVID5CE4 ,:5 ! ONLY FAME IS ?AT BE/[$ AS A FAVOR BY ! GRACE ( A SPECTACUL> ,C\RT1 DISGRACE MAY 9/ANTANE\SLY FOLL[4 ,AN ANTI-SPECTACUL> NOTORIETY IS BECOM+ SOME?+ EXTREMELY R>E4 ,I MYSELF AM ONE ( ! LA/ PEOPLE TO POSSESS ONE1 HAV+ NEV] HAD ANY O!R4 ,BUT IT HAS ALSO BECOME EXTRAORD9>ILY SUSPECT4 ,SOCIETY HAS (FICIALLY DECL>$ ITSELF TO BE SPECTACUL>4 ,TO BE KN[N \TSIDE SPECTACUL> RELATIONS IS ALREADY TO BE KN[N AS AN 5EMY ( SOCIETY4 

,IT IS P]MITT$ TO *ANGE A P]SON'S :OLE PA/1 RADICALLY MODIFY IT1 RECREATE IT 9 ! MANN] ( ! ,MOSC[ TRIALS -- & )\T EV5 HAV+ REC\RSE TO ! CLUMS9ESS ( A TRIAL4 ,ONE CAN KILL AT LESS CO/4.<#i.> ,?OSE :O GOV]N ! 9TEGRAT$ SPECTACUL>1 OR !IR FRI5DS1 SURELY HAVE NO LACK ( FALSE WITNESSES1 ?\< !Y MAY BE UNSKILL$ -- BUT :AT CAPACITY TO DETECT ?IS CLUMS9ESS CAN REMA9 AMONG ! SPECTATORS :O WILL BE WITNESSES TO ! EXPLOITS ( ! FALSE WITNESSES8 -- OR FALSE DOCUM5TS1 :I* >E ALWAYS HI<LY EFFECTIVE4 ,?US IT IS NO LONG] POSSIBLE TO BELIEVE ANY?+ AB\T ANYONE ?AT Y\ HAVE NOT LE>N$ = Y\RSELF1 DIRECTLY4 ,BUT 9 FACT FALSE ACCUSATIONS >E R>ELY NECESS>Y4 ,ONCE ONE CONTROLS ! ME*ANISM ?AT OP]ATES ! ONLY =M ( SOCIAL V]IFICATION TO BE FULLY & UNIV]SALLY RECOGNIZ$1 ONE CAN SAY :AT ONE LIKES4 ,! MOVEM5T ( ! SPECTACUL> DEMON/RATION PROVES ITSELF SIMPLY BY GO+ R\ND 9 CIRCLES3 BY COM+ BACK TO ! />T1 BY REPETITION1 BY CON/ANT REAFFIRMATION ON ! UNIQUE T]RA9 :]E ANY?+ CAN BE PUBLICLY AFFIRM$1 & BE MADE BELIEV$1 PRECISELY BECAUSE ?AT IS ! ONLY ?+ TO :I* EV]YONE IS WITNESS4 ,SPECTACUL> AU?ORITY CAN SIMIL>LY D5Y :ATEV] IT LIKES1 ONCE1 OR ?REE TIMES OV]1 & SAY ?AT IT WILL NO LONG] SPEAK ( IT & SPEAK ( SOME?+ ELSE 9/EAD1 KN[+ FULL WELL !RE IS NO DANG] ( ANY O!R RIPO/E1 ON ITS [N T]RA9 OR ANY O!R4 

,= ! AGORA1 ! G5]AL COMMUNITY1 NO LONG] EXI/S1 NOR EV5 COMMUNITIES RE/RICT$ TO 9T]M$I>Y BODIES OR TO AUTONOM\S 9/ITUTIONS1 TO SALONS OR CAFES1 OR TO WORK]S 9 A S+LE COMPANY2 NO PLACE :]E PEOPLE CAN DISCUSS ! REALITIES :I* CONC]N !M1 BECAUSE !Y CAN NEV] LA/+LY FREE !MSELVES FROM ! CRU%+ PRES5CE ( M$IATIC DISC\RSE & ( ! V>I\S =CES ORGANIZ$ TO RELAY IT4 ,NO?+ REMA9S ( ! GU>ANTE$ RELATIVELY 9DEP5D5T JUDGM5T ( ?OSE :O ONCE MADE UP ! WORLD ( LE>N+2 ( ?OSE1 = EXAMPLE1 :O US$ TO BASE !IR PRIDE ON !IR ABILITY TO V]IFY1 TO COME CLOSE TO :AT ONE CALL$ AN IMP>TIAL HI/ORY ( FACTS1 OR AT LEA/ TO BELIEVE ?AT SU* A HI/ORY DES]V$ TO BE KN[N4 ,!RE IS NO LONG] EV5 ANY 9CONTE/ABLE BIBLIOGRAPHICAL TRU?1 & ! COMPUT]IZ$ CATALOGS ( NATIONAL LIBR>IES >E WELL-EQUIPP$ TO BETT] SUPPRESS ! TRACES4 ,IT IS DISORI5T+ TO CONSID] :AT IT MEANT TO BE A JUDGE1 A DOCTOR OR A HI/ORIAN NOT SO LONG AGO1 & TO RECALL ! IMP]ATIVE OBLIGATIONS !Y (T5 RECOGNIZ$1 )9 ! LIMITS ( !IR COMPET5CE3 M5 RESEMBLE !IR TIMES MORE ?AN !IR FA!RS4.<#a.> 

,:5 ! SPECTACLE /OPS TALK+ AB\T SOME?+ = ?REE DAYS1 IT IS AS IF IT DID NOT EXI/4 ,= IT HAS !N GONE ON TO TALK AB\T SOME?+ ELSE1 & IT IS ?AT :I* H5CE=?1 9 %ORT1 EXI/S4 ,! PRACTICAL CONSEQU5CES1 AS WE SEE1 >E 5ORM\S4 

,WE BELIEVE WE KN[ ?AT 9 ,GREECE1 HI/ORY & DEMOCRACY APPE>$ AT ! SAME TIME4 ,WE CAN PROVE ?AT !IR DISAPPE>ANCES HAVE ALSO BE5 SIMULTANE\S4 

,TO ?IS LI/ ( ! TRIUMPHS ( P[] WE %\LD1 H[EV]1 ADD ONE RESULT :I* HAS PROV$ NEGATIVE = IT3 A ,/ATE1 9 :I* ONE HAS DURABLY 9/ALL$ A GREAT DEFICIT ( HI/ORICAL KN[L$GE SO AS TO MANAGE IT1 CAN NO LONG] BE GOV]N$ /RATEGICALLY4 

,V,I,I,I4 

,ONCE IT ATTA9S ! /AGE ( ! 9TEGRAT$ SPECTACUL>1 SELF-PROCLAIM$ DEMOCRATIC SOCIETY SEEMS TO BE G5]ALLY ACCEPT$ AS ! REALIZATION ( A FRAGILE P]FECTION4 ,SO ?AT IT MU/ NO LONG] BE EXPOS$ TO ATTACKS1 BE+ FRAGILE2 & 9DE$ IS NO LONG] ATTACKABLE1 BE+ P]FECT1 :I* NO O!R SOCIETY HAS BE54 ,IT IS A FRAGILE SOCIETY BECAUSE IT HAS GREAT DIFFICULTY MANAG+ ITS DANG]\S TE*NOLOGICAL EXPANSION4 ,BUT IT IS A P]FECT SOCIETY TO BE GOV]N$2 & ! PRO( IS ?AT ALL ?OSE :O ASPIRE TO GOV]N WANT TO GOV]N ?IS ONE1 9 ! SAME WAY1 MA9TA9+ IT ALMO/ EXACTLY AS IT IS4 ,= ! FIR/ TIME 9 CONTEMPOR>Y ,EUROPE1 NO P>TY OR FRACTION ( A P>TY EV5 TRIES TO PRET5D ?AT !Y WI% TO *ANGE SOME?+ IMPORTANT4 ,! COMMODITY CAN NO LONG] BE CRITICIZ$ BY ANYONE3 AS A G5]AL SY/EM OR EV5 AS ! P>TICUL> =MS ( JUNK :I* HEADS ( 9DU/RY *OOSE TO PUT ON ! M>KET AT ANY GIV5 TIME4 

,:]EV] ! SPECTACLE RULES1 ! ONLY ORGANIZ$ =CES >E ?OSE ?AT WANT ! SPECTACLE4 ,NO ONE CAN ANY LONG] BE ! 5EMY ( :AT EXI/S1 NOR TRANSGRESS ! OM]TA ?AT CONC]NS EV]Y?+4 ,WE HAVE F9I%$ ) ?AT DI/URB+ CONCEPTION1 :I* WAS DOM9ANT = OV] TWO HUNDR$ YE>S1 ACCORD+ TO :I* SOCIETY WAS CRITICIZABLE OR TRANS=MABLE1 RE=M$ OR REVOLUTIONIZ$4 ,& ?IS HAS NOT BE5 OBTA9$ BY ! APPE>ANCE ( NEW >GUM5TS1 BUT QUITE SIMPLY BECAUSE ALL >GUM5T HAS BECOME USELESS4 ,FROM ?IS RESULT WE CAN MEASURE NOT UNIV]SAL HAPP9ESS1 BUT ! R$\BTABLE /R5G? ( ! NETWORKS ( TYRANNY4 

,NEV] HAS C5SOR%IP BE5 MORE P]FECT4 ,NEV] HAS ! OP9ION ( ?OSE :O >E /ILL L$ TO BELIEVE1 9 SEV]AL C\NTRIES1 ?AT !Y REMA9 FREE CITIZ5S1 BE5 LESS AU?ORIZ$ TO MAKE !MSELVES KN[N1 :5EV] IT IS A MATT] ( *OICES AFFECT+ !IR REAL LIVES4 ,NEV] HAS IT BE5 POSSIBLE TO LIE TO !M ) A P]FECT ABS5CE ( CONSEQU5CES4 ,! SPECTATOR IS SIMPLY SUPPOS$ TO KN[ NO?+1 & DES]VE NO?+4 ,?OSE :O >E ALWAYS WAT*+ TO SEE :AT HAPP5S NEXT WILL NEV] ACT3 SU* MU/ BE ! SPECTATOR'S CONDITION4 ,PEOPLE (T5 CITE ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES AS AN EXCEPTION BECAUSE !RE ,NIXON CAME TO AN 5D DUE TO A S]IES ( D5IALS :OSE CLUMS9ESS WAS TOO CYNICAL3 BUT ?IS 5TIRELY LOCAL EXCEPTION1 = :I* !RE W]E SOME OLD HI/ORICAL CAUSES1 CLE>LY NO LONG] HOLDS TRUE1 S9CE ,REAGAN HAS REC5TLY BE5 ABLE TO DO ! SAME ?+ ) IMPUNITY4 ,ALL ?AT IS NEV] SANCTION$ IS V]ITABLY P]MITT$4 ,TALK ( SC&AL IS ?US >*AIC4 ,! MO/ PR(\ND SUMM+ UP ( ! P]IOD ?AT ! :OLE WORLD 5T]$ %ORTLY AFT] ,ITALY & ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES CAN BE F\ND 9 ! WORDS ( A S5IOR ,ITALIAN /ATESMAN1 A MEMB]1 SIMULTANE\SLY1 ( BO? ! (FICIAL GOV]NM5T & ! P>ALLEL GOV]NM5T CALL$ ,P#b1 ,POT]E ,DUE3 0,ONCE !RE W]E SC&ALS1 BUT NOT ANY MORE40.<#a#a.> 

,9 ,! ,EI<TE5? ,BRUMAIRE ( ,L\IS ,BONAP>TE1 ,M>X DESCRIB$ ! ,/ATE'S 5CROA*M5T UPON ,SECOND ,EMPIRE ,FRANCE1 !N RI* ) HALF A MILLION BUREAUCRATS3 0,EV]Y?+ BECAME A SUBJECT = GOV]NM5TAL ACTIVITY1 :E!R IT WAS A BRIDGE1 A S*OOLH\SE1 ! COMMUNAL PROP]TY ( A VILLAGE COMMUNITY1 OR ! RAILWAYS1 ! NATIONAL PROP]TY & ! PROV9CIAL UNIV]SITIES40 ,! FAM\S QUE/ION ( ! FUND+ ( POLITICAL P>TIES WAS ALREADY BE+ POS$1 = ,M>X NOT$ ?AT1 0,! P>TIES ?AT /RUGGL$ 9 TURN = SUPREMACY REG>D$ ! TAK+ ( POSSESSION ( ?IS IMM5SE ,/ATE $IFICE AS ! MA9 BOOTY = ! VICTOR40 ,YET ?IS MAY NONE!LESS S\ND SOME:AT BUCOLIC &1 AS ONE SAYS1 SURPASS$1 AT A TIME :5 ! ,/ATE'S SPECULATIONS TODAY CONC]N NEW T[NS & HI<WAYS1 UND]GR\ND TRAFFIC & ! PRODUCTION ( ELECTRO-NUCLE> 5]GY1 OIL DRILL+ & COMPUT]S1 ! ADM9I/RATION ( BANKS & SOCIO-CULTURAL C5T]S1 ! MODIFICATION ( ! 'AUDIOVISUAL L&SCAPE' & SECRET >MS EXPORTS1 PROP]TY SPECULATION & ! PH>MACEUTICAL 9DU/RY1 AGRIBUS9ESS & ! MANAGEM5T ( HOSPITALS1 MILIT>Y CR$ITS & ! SECRET FUNDS ( ! EV]-EXP&+ DEP>TM5TS *>G$ ) RUNN+ SOCIETY'S NUM]\S DEF5SE S]VICES4 ,BUT ,M>X UN=TUNATELY REMA9S ALL TOO UP TO DATE :5 9 ! SAME BOOK HE EVOKES ?IS GOV]NM5T1 :I* 0RA!R ?AN DECID+ BY NI<T1 & /RIK+ BY DAY1 DECIDES BY DAY & /RIKES BY NI<T40 

,I,X4 

,?IS P]FECT DEMOCRACY FABRICATES ITS [N 9CONCEIVABLE 5EMY1 T]RORISM4 ,IT WANTS1 ACTUALLY1 TO BE JUDG$ BY ITS 5EMIES RA!R ?AN BY ITS RESULTS4 ,! HI/ORY ( T]RORISM IS WRITT5 BY ! ,/ATE & IT IS ?US 9/RUCTIVE4 ,! SPECTAT+ POPULATIONS MU/ C]TA9LY NEV] KN[ EV]Y?+ AB\T T]RORISM1 BUT !Y MU/ ALWAYS KN[ 5\< TO CONV9CE !M ?AT1 COMP>$ ) T]RORISM1 EV]Y?+ ELSE SEEMS RA!R ACCEPTABLE1 9 ANY CASE MORE RATIONAL & DEMOCRATIC4 

,! MOD]NIZATION ( REPRESSION HAS SUCCE$$ 9 P]FECT+ -- FIR/ 9 ! ,ITALIAN PILOT-PROJECT UND] ! NAME ( P5TITI.<#a#b.> -- SWORN PR(ESSIONAL ACCUS]S2 A PH5OM5ON FIR/ SE5 9 ! SEV5TE5? C5TURY AFT] ! ,FRONDE1 :5 SU* PEOPLE W]E CALL$ 'C]TIFI$ WITNESSES4' ,?IS SPECTACUL> PROGRESS ( ,JU/ICE HAS FILL$ ,ITALY'S PRISONS ) ?\S&S ( PEOPLE CONDEMN$.<#a#c.> TO DO P5ANCE = A CIVIL W> :I* DID NOT TAKE PLACE1 A K9D ( MASS >M$ 9SURRECTION :I*1 BY *ANCE1 NEV] ACTUALLY HAPP5$1 A PUTS* WOV5 ( SU* /UFF AS DREAMS >E MADE (4 

,ONE CAN REM>K ?AT 9T]PRETATIONS ( ! MY/]IES ( T]RORISM APPE> TO HAVE 9TRODUC$ A SYMMETRY BETWE5 CONTRADICTORY VIEWS1 AS IF !RE W]E TWO S*OOLS ( PHILOSOPHY PR(ESS+ ABSOLUTELY 9COMPATIBLE METAPHYSICAL SY/EMS4 ,SOME W\LD SEE T]RORISM AS ONLY SEV]AL BLATANT MANIPULATIONS BY ! SECRET S]VICES2 O!RS1 ON ! CONTR>Y1 E/IMATE ?AT IT IS ONLY NECESS>Y TO REPROA* ! T]RORI/S = !IR TOTAL LACK ( HI/ORICAL UND]/&+4.<#a#d.> ,! USE ( A LITTLE HI/ORICAL LOGIC P]MITS US TO QUITE QUICKLY CONCLUDE ?AT !RE IS NO?+ CONTRADICTORY 9 RECOGNIZ+ ?AT PEOPLE :O LACK ALL HI/ORICAL S5SE CAN EASILY BE MANIPULAT$2 EV5 MORE EASILY ?AN O!RS4 ,IT IS MU* EASI] TO LEAD SOMEONE TO 'REP5T' :5 IT CAN BE %[N ?AT EV]Y?+ HE ?\<T HE DID FREELY WAS ACTUALLY KN[N 9 ADVANCE4 ,IT IS AN 9EVITABLE EFFECT ( CL&E/9E =MS ( ORGANIZATION ( ! MILIT>Y TYPE ?AT IT SUFFICES TO 9FILTRATE A FEW PEOPLE AT C]TA9 PO9TS ( ! NETWORK TO MAKE MANY M>* & FALL4 ,CRITIQUE1 :5 EVALUAT+ >M$ /RUGGLES1 MU/ SOMETIMES ANALYZE ONE ( !SE P>TICUL> OP]ATIONS )\T BE+ L$ A/RAY BY ! G5]AL RESEMBLANCE ?AT ALL WILL POSSIBLY %>E4.<#a#e.> ,WE %\LD EXPECT1 AS A LOGICAL POSSIBILITY1 ?AT ! ,/ATE'S SECURITY S]VICES 9T5D TO USE ALL ! ADVANTAGES !Y F9D ON ! T]RA9 ( ! SPECTACLE1 :I* HAS EXACTLY BE5 ORGANIZ$ ) ?AT 9 M9D = SOME TIME3 ON ! CONTR>Y1 IT IS ! DIFFICULTY ( GLIMPS+ ?IS :I* IS A/ONI%+1 & DOES NOT R+ TRUE4 

,JUDICIAL REPRESSION'S CURR5T OBJECTIVE H]E1 ( C\RSE1 IS TO G5]ALIZE MATT]S AS FA/ AS POSSIBLE4 ,:AT IS IMPORTANT 9 ?IS SORT ( COMMODITY IS ! PACKAG+1 OR ! LABEL+3 ! PRICE CODES4 ,ONE 5EMY ( SPECTACUL> DEMOCRACY IS ! SAME AS ANO!R1 JU/ LIKE SPECTACUL> DEMOCRACIES !MSELVES4 ,?US !RE MU/ BE NO MORE RI<T ( ASYLUM = T]RORI/S1 & EV5 ?OSE :O HAVE NOT YET BE5 ACCUS$ ( BE+ T]RORI/S CAN C]TA9LY BECOME SO1 ) EXTRADITION BE+ IMPOS$4 ,9 ,NOVEMB] #a#i#g#h1 9 ! CASE ( A Y\NG PR9T WORK]1 ,GABOR ,W9T]1 WANT$ BY ! ,WE/ ,G]MAN GOV]NM5T MA9LY = HAV+ DRAFT$ C]TA9 REVOLUTION>Y LEAFLETS1 ,MLLE ,NICOLE ,PRADA91 REPRES5T+ ! ,DEP>TM5T ( ,PUBLIC ,PROSECUTION 9 ! ,APPEAL ,C\RT ( ,P>IS1 QUICKLY %[$ ?AT ! 'POLITICAL MOTIVES' ?AT C\LD BE ! ONLY GR\NDS = REFUS+ EXTRADITION UND] ! ,FRANCO-,G]MAN AGREEM5T ( #bi ,NOVEMB] #a#i#e#a1 C\LD NOT BE 9VOK$3 0,GABOR ,W9T] IS A SOCIAL CRIM9AL1 NOT A POLITICAL ONE4 ,HE REFUSES SOCIAL CON/RA9TS4 ,A TRUE POLITICAL CRIM9AL DOESN'T REJECT SOCIETY4 ,HE ATTACKS POLITICAL /RUCTURES & NOT1 LIKE ,GABOR ,W9T]1 SOCIAL /RUCTURES40 ,! NOTION ( ACCEPTABLE POLITICAL CRIME ONLY BECAME RECOGNIZ$ 9 ,EUROPE ONCE ! B\RGEOISIE HAD SUCCESSFULLY ATTACK$ PREVI\SLY E/ABLI%$ SOCIAL /RUCTURES4 ,! NATURE ( POLITICAL CRIME C\LD NOT BE SEP>AT$ FROM ! DIV]SE 9T5TIONS ( SOCIAL CRITIQUE4 ,?IS WAS TRUE = ,BLANQUI1 ,V>L91 ,DURRUTI4 ,N[ADAYS !RE IS A PRET5SE ( WI%+ TO PRES]VE A PURELY POLITICAL CRIME1 LIKE SOME 9EXP5SIVE LUXURY1 A CRIME :I* D\BTLESS NO ONE WILL EV] HAVE ! OCCASION TO COMMIT1 S9CE NO ONE IS 9T]E/$ 9 ! SUBJECT ANY MORE2 EXCEPT = ! PR(ESSIONAL POLITICIANS !MSELVES1 :OSE CRIMES >E R>ELY PURSU$1 NOR = ?AT MATT] NO LONG] CALL$ POLITICAL4 ,ALL CRIMES & (F5SES >E EFFECTIVELY SOCIAL4 ,BUT ( ALL SOCIAL CRIMES1 NONE MU/ BE SE5 AS WORSE ?AN ! IMP]T95T PRET5SION TO /ILL WANT TO *ANGE SOME?+ 9 ?IS SOCIETY1 :I* ?9KS ?AT IT HAS ONLY BE5 ONLY TOO K9D & PATI5T1 BUT :I* NO LONG] WANTS TO BE BLAM$4 

,X4 

,ACCORD+ TO ! BASIC 9T]E/S ( ! NEW SY/EM ( DOM9ATION1 ! DISSOLUTION ( LOGIC HAS BE5 PURSU$ BY DIFF]5T1 BUT MUTUALLY SUPPORTIVE1 MEANS4 ,SOME ( !SE MEANS 9VOLVE ! TE*NICAL 9/RUM5TATION ?AT HAS EXP]I5C$ & POPUL>IZ$ ! SPECTACLE2 BUT O!RS >E MORE L9K$ TO ! MASS PSY*OLOGY ( SUBMISSION4 

,AT ! TE*NOLOGICAL LEVEL1 :5 ! IMAGE CON/RUCT$ & *OS5 BY SOMEONE HAS BECOME ! 9DIVIDUAL'S PR9CIPAL CONNECTION TO ! WORLD HE =M]LY OBS]V$ = HIMSELF AT EA* PLACE ?AT HE C\LD GO1 ONE C]TA9LY KN[S ?AT ! IMAGE SUPPORTS EV]Y?+2 BECAUSE )9 ! SAME IMAGE ANY?+ CAN BE JUXTAPOS$ )\T CONTRADICTION4 ,! FL[ ( IMAGES C>RIES EV]Y?+ & IT IS SIMIL>LY SOMEONE ELSE :O GOV]NS AT WILL ?IS SIMPLIFI$ SUMM>Y ( ! P]CEPTIBLE WORLD2 HE :O *OOSES :]E ! FL[ WILL LEAD1 & ! RHY?M ( :AT %\LD BE %[N1 AS A P]PETUAL1 >BITR>Y SURPRISE1 DOESN'T WANT TO LEAVE ANY TIME = REFLECTION1 & 5TIRELY 9DEP5D5T ( :AT ! SPECTATOR MI<T UND]/& OR ?9K ( IT4 ,9 ?IS CONCRETE EXP]I5CE ( P]MAN5T SUBMISSION1 ONE F9DS ! PSY*OLOGICAL ORIG9 ( ! G5]AL ADHESION TO :AT IS2 AN ADHESION ?AT ! SPECTATOR RECOGNIZES IPSO FACTO AS A SUFFICI5T VALUE4 ,BEYOND :AT IS PROP]LY SECRET1 SPECTACUL> DISC\RSE OBVI\SLY SIL5CES ANY?+ IT F9DS 9CONV5I5T4 ,IT ISOLATES :AT IT %[S FROM ITS CONTEXT1 ITS PA/1 ! 9T5TIONS & ! CONSEQU5CES4 ,IT IS ?US COMPLETELY ILLOGICAL4 ,S9CE NO ONE CAN CONTRADICT IT1 ! SPECTACLE HAS ! RI<T TO CONTRADICT ITSELF1 TO CORRECT ITS [N PA/4 ,! >ROGANT ATTITUDE ( ITS S]VANTS1 :5 !Y HAVE TO MAKE KN[N SOME NEW1 & P]HAPS /ILL MORE DI%ONE/ V]SION ( C]TA9 FACTS1 IS TO H>%LY CORRECT ! IGNORANCE & BAD 9T]PRETATIONS !Y ATTRIBUTE TO !IR PUBLIC1 :ILE ! DAY BE=E !Y !MSELVES W]E BUSILY DISSEM9AT+ ! ]ROR1 ) !IR CU/OM>Y ASSURANCE4 ,?US ! SPECTACLE'S 9/RUCTION & ! SPECTATORS' IGNORANCE >E WRONGLY SE5 AS ANTAGONI/IC FACTORS :5 9 FACT !Y GIVE BIR? TO EA* O!R4 ,9 ! SAME WAY1 ! COMPUT]'S B9>Y LANGUAGE IS AN IRRESI/IBLE 9DUCEM5T TO ! CONT9UAL & UNRES]V$ ACCEPTANCE ( :AT HAS BE5 PROGRAMM$ ACCORD+ TO ! WI%ES ( SOMEONE ELSE & PASSES = ! TIMELESS S\RCE ( A SUP]IOR1 IMP>TIAL & TOTAL LOGIC4 ,SU* 9CREAS$ SPE$ & A VOCABUL>Y TO JUDGE EV]Y?+6 ,POLITICAL8 ,SOCIAL8 ,Y\ MU/ *OOSE4 ,Y\ CANNOT HAVE BO?4 ,MY *OICE IS 9ESCAPABLE4 ,!Y >E JE]+ AT US1 & WE KN[ :OM !SE /RUCTURES >E =4.<#a#f.> ,?US IT IS NOT SURPRIS+ ?AT *ILDR5 %\LD GLIBLY />T !IR $UCATION AT AN E>LY AGE ) ! ,ABSOLUTE ,KN[L$GE ( COMPUT] SCI5CE2 :ILE !Y /ILL DO NOT KN[ H[ TO READ1 = READ+ DEM&S MAK+ V]ITABLE JUDGM5TS AT EV]Y L9E2 & IS ! ONLY ACCESS TO ! VA/ >EAS ( PRE-SPECTACUL> HUMAN EXP]I5CE4 ,BECAUSE CONV]SATION IS ALMO/ DEAD1 & SOON SO TOO WILL BE MANY ( ?OSE :O KNEW H[ TO SPEAK4 

,ON ! LEVEL ( ! MEANS ( ?\<T ( CONTEMPOR>Y POPULATIONS1 ! PRIM>Y CAUSE ( DECAD5CE CLE>LY D]IVES FROM ! FACT ?AT ALL DISC\RSE %[N 9 ! SPECTACLE LEAVES NO PLACE = RESPONSE2 & LOGIC IS ONLY SOCIALLY =M$ 9 DIALOGUE4 ,FUR!RMORE1 :5 RESPECT = ?OSE :O SPEAK 9 ! SPECTACLE IS SO WIDESPREAD1 :5 !Y >E SUPPOS$ TO BE RI*1 IMPORTANT1 PRE/IGI\S1 TO BE AU?ORITY ITSELF1 ! SPECTATORS T5D TO WANT TO BE JU/ AS ILLOGICAL AS ! SPECTACLE1 SO AS TO DISPLAY AN 9DIVIDUAL REFLECTION ( ?IS AU?ORITY4 ,& F9ALLY1 LOGIC IS NOT EASY1 & NO ONE HAS DESIR$ TO TEA* IT TO !M4 ,DRUG ADDICTS DO NOT /UDY LOGIC1 BECAUSE !Y NO LONG] NE$ IT1 BECAUSE !Y NO LONG] HAVE ! POSSIBILITY4 ,! SPECTATOR'S LAZ9ESS ALSO ?AT ( ANY 9TELLECTUAL CADRE OR OV]NI<T SPECIALI/1 :O DO !IR BE/ TO CONCEAL ! N>R[ LIMITS ( !IR KN[L$GE BY ! DOGMATIC REPETITION ( >GUM5TS ) ILLOGICAL AU?ORITY4 

,X,I4 

,IT IS G5]ALLY BELIEV$ ?AT ?OSE :O HAVE DISPLAY$ ! GREATE/ 9CAPACITY 9 MATT]S ( LOGIC >E PRECISELY ?OSE :O PROCLAIM !MSELVES REVOLUTION>IES4 ,?IS UNJU/IFI$ REPROA* DATES FROM AN AGE :5 ALMO/ EV]YONE ?\<T ) A M9IMUM ( LOGIC1 ) ! /RIK+ EXCEPTION ( CRET9S & MILITANTS2 & 9 ! CASE ( ! LATT] BAD FAI? PLAY$ ITS P>T1 9T5TIONALLY1 BECAUSE IT WAS HELD TO BE EFFECTIVE4 ,BUT TODAY !RE IS NO ESCAP+ ! FACT ?AT 9T5SE USE ( ! SPECTACLE HAS1 AS WE %\LD HAVE EXPECT$1 TURN$ MO/ ( \R CONTEMPOR>IES 9TO IDEOLOGUES1 IF ONLY 9 FITS & />TS1 BITS & PIECES4 ,ABS5CE ( LOGIC1 ?AT IS TO SAY1 LOSS ( ! ABILITY TO P]CEIVE IMM$IATELY :AT IS IMPORTANT & :AT IS 9SIGNIFICANT OR IRRELEVANT1 :AT IS 9COMPATIBLE OR1 9V]SELY1 :AT C\LD WELL BE COMPLEM5T>Y2 ALL ?AT A P>TICUL> CONSEQU5CE IMPLIES & AT ! SAME TIME ALL ?AT IT EXCLUDES -- HI< DOSES ( ?IS DISEASE HAVE BE5 9T5TIONALLY 9JECT$ 9TO ! POPULATION BY ! SPECTACLE'S ANES!TI/S_/RESUSCITATORS4 ,PROTE/]S HAVE NOT BE5 ANY MORE IRRATIONAL ?AN SUBMISSIVE PEOPLE4 ,IT IS SIMPLY ?AT 9 ! =M] ONE SEES A MORE 9T5SE MANIFE/ATION ( ! G5]AL IRRATIONALITY1 BECAUSE :ILE DISPLAY+ !IR PROJECT1 !Y HAVE ACTUALLY TRI$ TO C>RY \T A PRACTICAL OP]ATION -- EV5 IF IT IS ONLY TO READ C]TA9 TEXTS & %[ ?AT !Y KN[ :AT !Y MEAN4 ,!Y HAVE GIV5 !MSELVES DIV]SE OBLIGATIONS TO DOM9ATE LOGIC1 EV5 /RATEGY1 :I* IS PRECISELY ! 5TIRE FIELD ( ! DEPLOYM5T ( ! DIALECTICAL LOGIC ( CONFLICTS2 BUT1 LIKE EV]YONE ELSE1 !Y >E GREATLY DEPRIV$ ( ! BASIC ABILITY TO ORI5T !MSELVES BY ! OLD1 IMP]FECT TOOLS ( =MAL LOGIC4 ,NO ONE WORRIES AB\T !M2 & H>DLY ANYONE ?9KS AB\T ! O!RS4 

,! 9DIVIDUAL :O HAS BE5 M>K$ BY IMPOV]I%$ SPECTACUL> ?\<T MORE DEEPLY ?AN BY ANY O!R ASPECT ( HIS EXP]I5CE PUTS HIMSELF AT ! S]VICE ( ! E/ABLI%$ ORD] RI<T FROM ! />T1 EV5 ?\< SUBJECTIVELY HE MAY HAVE HAD QUITE ! OPPOSITE 9T5TION4 ,HE WILL ESS5TIALLY FOLL[ ! LANGUAGE ( ! SPECTACLE1 = IT IS ! ONLY ONE HE IS FAMILI> )2 ! ONE 9 :I* HE LE>N$ TO SPEAK4 ,NO D\BT HE W\LD LIKE TO %[ HIMSELF AS AN 5EMY ( ITS RHETORIC2 BUT HE WILL USE ITS SYNTAX4 ,?IS IS ONE ( ! MO/ IMPORTANT ASPECTS ( ! SUCCESS OBTA9$ BY SPECTACUL> DOM9ATION4 

,! SWIFT DISAPPE>ANCE ( \R =M] VOCABUL>Y IS M]ELY ONE MOM5T 9 ?IS OP]ATION4 ,IT S]VES IT4 

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,! ]ASURE ( ! P]SONALITY IS ! FATAL ACCOMPANIM5T TO ! CONDITIONS ( EXI/5CE ?AT IS CONCRETELY SUBMISSIVE TO SPECTACUL> NORMS1 & ?US MORE SEP>AT$ FROM ! POSSIBILITIES ( KN[+ EXP]I5CES ?AT >E AU!NTIC & ?US FROM ! DISCOV]Y ( 9DIVIDUAL PREF]5CES4 ,P>ADOXICALLY1 ! 9DIVIDUAL MU/ P]MAN5TLY REPUDIATE !M IF HE WANTS TO BE RESPECT$ A LITTLE 9 SU* A SOCIETY4 ,?IS EXI/5CE PO/ULATES A FLUID FIDELITY1 A SUCCESSION ( CONT9UALLY DISAPPO9T+ COMMITM5TS TO FALSE PRODUCTS4 ,IT IS A MATT] ( RUNN+ QUICKLY BEH9D ! 9FLATION ( DEVALU$ SIGNS ( LIFE4 ,DRUGS HELP ONE TO CON=M TO ?IS ORGANIZATION ( ?+S2 MADNESS ALL[S ONE TO FLEE IT4 

,9 ALL SORTS ( AFFAIRS 9 ?IS SOCIETY1 :]E ! DI/RIBUTION ( GOODS IS C5TRALIZ$ 9 SU* A WAY ?AT IT BECOMES MA/] -- BO? NOTORI\SLY & SECRETLY -- ( ! V]Y DEF9ITION ( :AT C\LD BE ! GOOD1 IT HAPP5S ?AT C]TA9 PEOPLE >E ATTRIBUT$ ) QUALITIES1 KN[L$GE OR EV5 VICES1 ALL P]FECTLY IMAG9>Y1 9 ORD] TO EXPLA9 9 SU* CASES ! SATISFACTORY DEVELOPM5T ( P>TICUL> 5T]PRISES2 & ?IS ) ! ONLY AIM ( HID+1 OR AT LEA/ DISSIMULAT+ AS MU* AS POSSIBLE1 ! FUNCTION ( V>I\S AGREEM5TS ?AT DECIDE EV]Y?+4 

,NEV]!LESS1 DESPITE ITS FREQU5T 9T5TIONS & ITS CLUMSY MEANS TO HI<LI<T ! FULL /ATURE ( SUPPOS$LY REM>KABLE P]SONALITIES1 CURR5T SOCIETY MORE (T5 %[S QUITE ! OPPOSITE1 & NOT M]ELY 9 :AT HAS TODAY REPLAC$ ! >TS1 OR DISCUSSION ( ! >TS3 ONE TOTAL 9COMPET5T WILL COLLIDE ) ANO!R2 PANIC 5SUES & IT IS !N SIMPLY A MATT] ( :O WILL FALL AP>T FIR/4 ,A LAWY]1 = EXAMPLE1 =GETT+ ?AT HE IS SUPPOS$ TO REPRES5T ONE SIDE 9 A TRIAL1 WILL BE S9C]ELY 9FLU5C$ BY ! >GUM5TS ( HIS OPPOSITE NUMB]1 EV5 :5 !SE >GUM5TS >E AS LACK+ 9 RIGOR AS HIS [N4 ,IT CAN ALSO HAPP5 ?AT AN 9NOC5T SUSPECT TEMPOR>ILY CONFESSES TO A CRIME HE DID NOT COMMIT1 SIMPLY BECAUSE HE IS IMPRESS$ BY ! LOGIC ( ! HYPO!SIS ( AN 9=M] :O WANT$ HIM TO BELIEVE HE WAS GUILTY 7SEE ! CASE ( ,DR4 ,>*AMBEAU 9 ,POITI]S1 9 #a#i#h#d74.<#a#g.> 

,MC,LUHAN HIMSELF1 ! SPECTACLE'S FIR/ APOLOGI/1 :O HAD SEEM$ TO BE ! MO/ CONV9C$ IMBECILE ( ! C5TURY1 *ANG$ HIS M9D :5 HE F9ALLY DISCOV]$ 9 #aigf ?AT 0! PRESSURE ( ! MASS M$IA LEADS TO IRRATIONALITY10 & ?AT IT WAS BECOM+ URG5T TO MODIFY !IR USAGE4 ,! ?9K] ( ,TORONTO HAD =M]LY SP5T SEV]AL DECADES M>VEL+ AT ! NUM]\S FRE$OMS CREAT$ BY A 'GLOBAL VILLAGE' 9/ANTLY & EF=TLESSLY ACCESSIBLE TO ALL4 ,VILLAGES1 UNLIKE T[NS1 HAVE ALWAYS BE5 DOM9AT$ BY CON=MISM1 ISOLATION1 PETTY SURVEILLANCE1 BOR$OM & REPETITIVE MALICI\S GOSSIP AB\T ! SAME FAMILIES4 ,& ?IS ALSO PRES5TS ! VULG>ITY ( ?IS SPECTACUL> PLANET1 :]E IT IS NO LONG] POSSIBLE TO DI/+UI% ! ,GRIMALDI-,MONACO OR ,B\RBON-,FRANCO DYNA/IES FROM ?OSE :O SUCCE$$ ! ,/U>TS4 ,H[EV]1 ,MC,LUHAN'S UNGRATEFUL DISCIPLES >E N[ TRY+ TO MAKE PEOPLE =GET HIM1 SO AS TO REJUV5ATE HIS E>LY WORKS &1 9 !IR TURN1 DEVELOP A C>E] 9 M$IATIC EULOGY = ALL !SE NEW FRE$OMS TO '*OOSE' AT R&OM FROM EPHEM]A4 ,& PROBABLY !Y WILL RETRACT !IR CLAIMS EV5 FA/] ?AN ! MAN :O 9SPIR$ !M4 

,X,I,I,I4 

,! SPECTACLE DOESN'T HIDE ! FACT ?AT C]TA9 DANG]S SURR\ND ! M>VEL\S ORD] IT HAS E/ABLI%$4 ,OCEAN POLLUTION & ! DE/RUCTION ( EQUATORIAL =E/S ?REAT5 ! ,E>?'S OXYG5 R5EWAL2 ITS OZONE LAY] IS M5AC$ BY 9DU/RIAL GR[?2 RADIATION ( NUCLE> ORIG9 ACCUMULATES IRREV]SIBLY4 ,! SPECTACLE M]ELY CONCLUDES ?AT NONE ( !SE ?+S MATT]4 ,IT ONLY WANTS TO TALK AB\T DATES & DOSES4 ,& ON !SE ALONE1 IT SUCC$ES AT REASSUR+ -- SOME?+ :I* A PRE-SPECTACUL> M9D W\LD HAVE ?\<T IMPOSSIBLE4 

,! ME?ODS ( SPECTACUL> DEMOCRACY >E ( GREAT SUBTLETY1 CONTR>Y TO ! BRUTALITY ( ! TOTALIT>IAN DIKTAT4 ,IT CAN KEEP ! ORIG9AL NAME :5 ! ?+ HAS BE5 SECRETLY *ANG$ 7BE]1 BEEF OR PHILOSOPH]S74 ,& IT CAN JU/ AS EASILY *ANGE ! NAME :5 ! ?+ ITSELF HAS BE5 SECRETLY CONT9U$4 ,9 ,5GL&1 = EXAMPLE1 ! NUCLE> WA/E REPROCESS+ PLANT AT ,W9DSCALE WAS R5AM$ ,SELLAFIELD 9 ORD] TO BETT] ALLAY SUSPICIONS1 AFT] A DISA/R\S FIRE 9 #a#i#e#g1 BUT ?IS TOPONYMIC REPROCESS+ DID NO?+ TO PREV5T ! RISE 9 LOCAL MORTALITY RATES FROM CANC] & LEUKEMIA4 ,! ,BRITI% GOV]NM5T1 AS ! POPULATION DEMOCRATICALLY LE>N$ ?IRTY YE>S LAT]1 HAD DECID$ TO SUPPRESS A REPORT ON ! CATA/ROPHE :I* IT JUDG$1 NO )\T REASON1 W\LD PROBABLY %AKE PUBLIC CONFID5CE 9 NUCLE> P[]4 

,NUCLE> PRACTICES1 BO? MILIT>Y & CIVIL1 NECESSITATE A F> HI<] DOSE ( SECRECY ?AN 9 O!R FIELDS -- :I* ALREADY HAVE PL5TY1 AS WE ALREADY KN[4 ,TO MAKE LIFE -- ?AT IS TO SAY1 LY+ -- EASI] = ! SAGES *OS5 BY ! SY/EM'S MA/]S1 IT HAS DISCOV]$ ! UTILITY ( *ANG+ MEASUREM5TS1 TO V>Y !M ACCORD+ TO A L>GE NUMB] ( PO9TS ( VIEW1 & REF9E !M1 F9ALLY JUGGLE !M1 ACCORD+ TO ! CASE1 ) SEV]AL FIGURES ?AT >E H>D TO CONV]T4 ,H5CE1 TO MEASURE RADIOACTIVITY LEVELS1 ONE CAN *OOSE FROM A RANGE ( UNITS ( MEASUREM5T3 CURIES1 BECQU]ELS1 RO5TG5S1 RADS ALIAS C5TIGRAYS1 & REMS1 NOT =GETT+ ! HUMBLE MILLIRADS1 & SIEV]TS :I* >E WOR? #a REMS4.<#a#h.> ,?IS EVOKES ! MEMORY ( ! SUBDIVISIONS ( ,BRITI% CURR5CY1 ! COMPLEXITY ( :I* =EIGN]S C\LD NOT QUICKLY MA/]1 BACK 9 ! DAYS :5 ,SELLAFIELD WAS /ILL CALL$ ,W9DSCALE4 

,ONE CAN IMAG9E ! RIGOR & PRECISION :I* W\LD HAVE BE5 A*IEV$ 9 ! N9ETE5? C5TURY BY MILIT>Y HI/ORY1 & CONSEQU5TLY BY !ORI/S ( /RATEGY1 IF1 SO AS NOT TO GIVE TOO MU* CONFID5TIAL 9=MATION TO NEUTRAL COMM5TATORS OR 5EMY HI/ORIANS1 ONE HABITUALLY REPORT$ A CAMPAIGN 9 !SE T]MS3 

0,! PRELIM9>Y PHASE 9VOLV$ A S]IES ( 5GAGEM5TS 9 :I*1 FROM \R SIDE1 A /RONG ADVANCE =CE MADE UP ( F\R G5]ALS & ! UNITS UND] !IR COMM&1 MET AN 5EMY =CE ( #a#c1 BAYONETS4 ,9 ! SUBSEQU5T PHASE1 A FI]CELY DISPUT$ PIT*$ BATTLE DEVELOP$1 9 :I* \R 5TIRE >MY ADVANC$1 ) #bi CANONS & A HEAVY CAVALRY ( #a#h1 SAB]S2 ! CONFRONT+ 5EMY ALIGNM5T COMPRIS$ NO LESS ?AN #c1#f 9FANTRY LIEUT5ANTS1 #d CAPTA9S ( HUSS>S & #bd ( CUIRASSI]S4 ,FOLL[+ ALT]NATE FAILURES & SUCCESSES ON BO? SIDES1 ! BATTLE CAN F9ALLY BE CONSID]$ 9CONCLUSIVE4 ,\R LOSSES1 SOME:AT L[] ?AN ! AV]AGE FIGURE ONE HABITUALLY C]IFI$ 9 COMBATS ( COMP>ABLE DURATION & 9T5SITY1 W]E P]CEPTIBLY SUP]IOR TO ?OSE ( ! ,GREEKS AT ,M>A?ON1 BUT REMA9$ 9F]IOR TO ?OSE ( ! ,PRUSSIANS AT ,J5A40 

,AFT] ?IS EXAMPLE1 IT IS NOT IMPOSSIBLE = A SPECIALI/ TO GA!R SOME VAGUE IDEA ( ! =CES 5GAG$4 ,BUT ! CONDUCT ( OP]ATIONS IS ASSUR$ ( REMA9+ BEL[ ALL JUDGM5T4 

,9 ,JUNE #a#i#h#g1 ,PI]RE ,BA*]1 DEPUTY DIRECTOR ( 9/ALLATIONS AT ,ELECTRICITE DE ,FRANCE1 REVEAL$ ! LATE/ SAFETY DOCTR9E = NUCLE> P[] /ATIONS4 ,BY 9/ALL+ VALVES & FILT]S1 IT BECOMES MU* EASI] TO AVOID MAJOR CATA/ROPHES1 LIKE CRACKS OR EXPLOSIONS 9 ! REACTORS1 :I* W\LD AFFECT ! 5TIRETY ( A 'REGION4' ,SU* CATA/ROPHES >E PRODUC$ BY EXCESSIVE CONTA9M5T4 ,:5EV] ! MA*9E LOOKS LIKE ITS GO+ TO BL[1 IT IS BETT] TO DECOMPRESS G5TLY1 %[]+ ONLY A RE/RICT$ >EA ( A FEW KILOMET]S1 AN >EA :I* ON EA* OCCASION WILL BE DIFF]5TLY & HAPHAZ>DLY EXT5D$ DEP5D+ ON ! W9D4 ,HE DISCLOSES ?AT 9 ! PA/ TWO YE>S1 DISCREET EXP]IM5TS C>RI$ \T AT ,CAD>A*E1 9 ! ,DROME1 0HAVE CONCRETELY %[$ ?AT ! REJECT$ MATT] -- WA/E GAS ESS5TIALLY -- DOESN'T SURPASS SEV]AL UNITS P]IOD ?\S&1 AT WOR/ ONE P] C5T ( ! RADIOACTIVITY 9 ! P[] /ATION ITSELF40 ,?US A V]Y MOD]ATE WOR/ CASE3 ONE P] C5T4 ,=M]LY1 WE W]E ASSUR$ !RE WAS NO RISK AT ALL1 EXCEPT 9 ! CASE ( ACCID5TS1 :I* W]E LOGICALLY IMPOSSIBLE4 ,! EXP]I5CE ( ! FIR/ FEW YE>S *ANG$ ?IS REASON+ AS FOLL[S3 S9CE ACCID5TS >E ALWAYS POSSIBLE1 :AT MU/ BE AVOID$ IS !IR REA*+ A CATA/ROPHIC ?RE%OLD1 & ?AT IS EASY4 ,ALL ?AT IS NECESS>Y IS TO CONTAM9ATE LITTLE BY LITTLE1 9 MOD]ATION4 ,:O W\LD NOT AGREE ?AT IT IS 9F9ITELY HEAL?I] TO LIMIT Y\RSELF TO AN 9TAKE ( #ad C5TILIT]S ( VODKA P] DAY = SEV]AL YE>S1 RA!R ?AN GETT+ DRUNK RI<T AWAY LIKE ! ,POLES8 

,IT IS 9DE$ A %AME ?AT HUMAN SOCIETY %\LD 5C\NT] SU* BURN+ PROBLEMS JU/ :5 IT HAS BECOME MAT]IALLY IMPOSSIBLE TO MAKE HE>D ! LEA/ OBJECTION TO COMMODITY DISC\RSE1 JU/ :5 DOM9ATION -- QUITE RI<TLY BECAUSE IT IS %IELD$ BY ! SPECTACLE FROM ANY RESPONSE TO ITS FRAGM5T>Y & DELIRI\S DECISIONS & JU/IFICATIONS -- BELIEVES ?AT IT NO LONG] NE$S TO ?9K2 & TRULY NO LONG] KN[S H[ TO ?9K4 ,W\LD NOT EV5 ! /AUN*E/ DEMOCRAT HAVE PREF]R$ TO HAVE *OS5 MORE 9TELLIG5T MA/]S8 

,AT ! 9T]NATIONAL CONF]5CE ( EXP]TS HELD 9 ,G5EVA 9 ,DECEMB] #a#i#h#f1 ! QUE/ION WAS QUITE SIMPLY :E!R TO 9TRODUCE A WORLDWIDE BAN ON ! PRODUCTION ( *LOR(LUOROC>BONS 7,C,F,CS71 ! GASES :I* HAVE REC5TLY & RAPIDLY MADE DISAPPE> ! ?9 LAY] ( OZONE ?AT PROTECTS ?IS PLANET -- ONE WILL REMEMB] -- FROM ! H>MFUL EFFECTS ( SOL> RAYS4 ,DANIEL ,V]ILHE1 REPRES5T+ ,ELF-,AQUITA9E'S *EMICALS SUBSIDI>Y1 & 9 ?IS CAPACITY P>T ( A ,FR5* DELEGATION FIRMLY OPPOS$ TO ?IS BAN1 MADE A S5SIBLE PO9T3 'IT WILL TAKE AT LEA/ ?REE YE>S TO DEVELOP SUB/ITUTES & ! CO/S WILL BE QUADRUPL$4' ,AS WE KN[1 ?IS FUGITIVE OZONE LAY]1 SO HI< UP1 BELONGS TO NO ONE & HAS NO M>KET VALUE4 ,?IS 9DU/RIAL /RATEGI/ C\LD ?US %[ HIS OPPON5TS ! EXT5T ( !IR 9EXPLICABLE DISREG>D = ECONOMICS BY AN APPEAL TO REALITY3 0,IT IS HI<LY DANG]\S TO BASE AN 9DU/RIAL /RATEGY ON 5VIRONM5TAL IMP]ATIVES40 

,?OSE :O LONG AGO BEGAN ! CRITIQUE ( POLITICAL ECONOMY BY DEF9+ IT AS 0! F9AL D5IAL ( HUMANITY0 W]E NOT DECEIV$4.<#a#i.> ,ONE /ILL RECOGNIZES ?IS TRAIT 9 IT4 

,X,I,V4 

,IT IS SOMETIMES SAID ?AT SCI5CE TODAY IS SUBS]VI5T TO ! IMP]ATIVES ( ECONOMIC PR(ITABILITY1 BUT ?AT HAS ALWAYS BE5 TRUE4 ,:AT IS NEW IS ?AT ! ECONOMY HAS N[ COME TO OP5LY MAKE W> ON HUMAN BE+S1 NOT ONLY ON \R POSSIBILITIES = LIFE1 BUT ALSO ?OSE ( SURVIVAL4 ,AGA9/ A GREAT P>T ( ITS [N ANTI-SLAV]Y PA/1 SCI5TIFIC ?\<T HAS *OS5 TO S]VE SPECTACUL> DOM9ATION4 ,UNTIL IT GOT TO ?IS PO9T1 SCI5CE POSSESS$ A RELATIVE AUTONOMY4 ,IT ?US KNEW H[ TO UND]/& ITS [N PORTION ( REALITY & ?US IT MADE AN IMM5SE CONTRIBUTION TO 9CREAS+ ! MEANS ( ! ECONOMY4 ,:5 ! ALL-P[]FUL ECONOMY BECAME MAD -- & !SE SPECTACUL> TIMES >E NO?+ O!R ?AN ?AT -- IT SUPPRESS$ ! LA/ TRACES ( SCI5TIFIC AUTONOMY1 BO? 9 ME?ODOLOGY &1 BY ! SAME TOK51 9 ! PRACTICAL CONDITIONS ( ACTIVITY ( ITS 'RESE>*]S4' ,NO LONG] IS SCI5CE ASK$ TO UND]/& ! WORLD1 OR TO IMPROVE ANY P>T ( IT4 ,IT IS ASK$ TO 9/ANTANE\SLY JU/IFY EV]Y?+ ?AT HAPP5S4 ,AS /UPID 9 ?IS FIELD1 :I* IT EXPLOITS ) ! MO/ RU9\S ?\<TLESSNESS1 AS IT IS EV]Y:]E ELSE1 SPECTACUL> DOM9ATION HAS CUT D[N ! GIGANTIC TREE ( SCI5TIFIC KN[L$GE 9 ORD] TO MAKE ITSELF A TRUN*EON4 ,SO AS TO OBEY ?IS ULTIMATE SOCIAL DEM& = A MANIFE/LY IMPOSSIBLE JU/IFICATION1 IT IS BETT] NOT TO BE ABLE TO ?9K TOO MU*1 BUT RA!R1 ON ! CONTR>Y1 TO BE WELL TRA9$ 9 ! COM=TS ( SPECTACUL> DISC\RSE4 ,& IT IS ACTUALLY 9 ?IS C>E] ?AT ! PRO/ITUT$ SCI5CE ( !SE DESPICABLE TIMES HAS1 ) MU* GOOD WILL1 DEFTLY F\ND ITS MO/ REC5T SPECIALIZATION4 

,! SCI5CE ( LY+ JU/IFICATIONS NATURALLY APPE>$ ) ! FIR/ SYMPTOMS ( B\RGEOIS SOCIETY'S DECAD5CE1 ) ! CANC]\S PROLIF]ATION ( ! PSEUDO-SCI5CES CALL$ 'HUMAN'2 YET MOD]N M$IC9E1 = EXAMPLE1 HAD ONCE BE5 ABLE TO PASS = USEFUL1 & ?OSE :O ]ADICAT$ SMALLPOX OR LEPROSY W]E O!R ?AN ?OSE :O BASELY CAPITULAT$ 9 ! FACE ( NUCLE> RADIATION OR *EMICAL F>M+4 ,ONE QUICKLY REM>KS ?AT M$IC9E TODAY1 ( C\RSE1 NO LONG] HAS ! RI<T TO DEF5D ! HEAL? ( ! POPULATION AGA9/ A PA?OG5IC 5VIRONM5T1 = ?AT W\LD BE TO OPPOSE ! ,/ATE1 OR AT LEA/ ! PH>MACEUTICALS 9DU/RY4 

,BUT IT IS NOT ONLY BY :AT IT IS OBLIG$ TO KEEP QUIET ?AT CURR5T-DAY SCI5TIFIC ACTIVITY AV[S :AT IT HAS BECOME4 ,IT IS ALSO BY :AT IT HAS ! SIMPLICITY TO SAY V]Y (T54 ,9 ,NOVEMB] #a#i#h#e1 PR(ESSORS ,EV5 & ,&RIEU AT ,LA5NEC HOSPITAL ANN\NC$ ?AT !Y HAD P]HAPS F\ND AN EFFECTIVE CURE = ,A,I,D,S1 FOLL[+ AN EXP]IM5T ON F\R PATI5TS :I* HAD LA/$ A WEEK4 ,TWO DAYS LAT]1 ! PATI5TS HAV+ DI$1 SEV]AL O!R DOCTORS1 LESS ADVANC$ OR P]HAPS JEAL\S1 EXPRESS$ SEV]AL RES]VATIONS AS TO ! PR(ESSORS' PRECIPITATE HA/E 9 REGI/]+ :AT WAS ONLY ! MISLEAD+ APPE>ANCE ( VICTORY -- A FEW H\RS BE=E ! COLLAPSE4 ,EV5 & ,&RIEU DEF5D$ !MSELVES NON*ALANTLY1 AFFIRM+ ?AT 0AFT] ALL1 FALSE HOPES >E BETT] ?AN NO HOPE AT ALL40 ,!IR IGNORANCE WAS TOO GREAT = !M TO RECOGNIZE ?IS >GUM5T WAS A COMPLETE D5IAL ( ! SPIRIT ( SCI5CE & HAD HI/ORICALLY ALWAYS S]V$ TO COV] UP ! PR(ITABLE DAYDREAMS ( *>LATANS & SORC]]S1 LONG BE=E SU* PEOPLE W]E PUT 9 *>GE ( HOSPITALS4 

,:5 (FICIAL SCI5CE HAS COME TO SU* A PASS1 LIKE ALL ! RE/ ( ! SOCIAL SPECTACLE ?AT1 B5EA? ITS MAT]IALLY MOD]NIZ$ & 5HANC$ PRES5TATION1 HAS ONLY REVIV$ ! ANCI5T TE*NIQUES ( FAIRGR\ND M\NTEBANKS -- ILLUSIONI/S1 B>K]S & /OOL-PIGEONS.<#b.> -- IT IS NOT SURPRIS+ TO SEE :I* GREAT AU?ORITY TAKES UP ,MAGI & SECTS1 VACUUM-PACK$ ,Z5 OR ,MORMON !OLOGY4 ,IGNORANCE1 :I* HAS S]V$ ! E/ABLI%$ AU?ORITIES WELL1 HAS ALSO ALWAYS BE5 EXPLOIT$ BY +5I\S V5TURES ON ! FR+ES ( ! LAW4 ,& :AT BETT] MOM5T ?AN ONE :]E ILLIT]ACY HAS BECOME SO WIDESPREAD8 ,BUT ?IS REALITY 9 ITS TURN IS D5I$ BY ANO!R DISPLAY ( SORC]Y4 ,FROM ITS 9CEPTION1 ,U,N,E,S,C,O HAD ADOPT$ A V]Y PRECISE SCI5TIFIC DEF9ITION ( ! ILLIT]ACY ?AT IT /ROVE TO COMBAT 9 BACKW>D C\NTRIES4 ,:5 ! SAME PH5OM5ON WAS UNEXPECT$LY SE5 TO BE RETURN+1 BUT ?IS TIME 9 ! SO-CALL$ ADVANC$ NATIONS1 RA!R 9 ! WAY ?AT ! ONE :O WAS WAIT+ = ,GR\*Y 9/EAD SAW ,BLU*] JO9 ! BATTLE.<#b#a.>1 IT SUFFIC$ TO BR+ ON ! ,GU>D ( EXP]TS2 !Y C>RI$ ! DAY ) A S+LE1 IRRESI/ABLE ASSAULT1 REPLAC+ ! T]M ILLIT]ACY .<ANALPHABETISME.> BY ILLETTRISME .<UNLETT]$-ISM.>3 JU/ AS A 'FALSE PATRIOT' CAN OPPORTUNELY APPE> TO SUPPORT A GOOD NATIONAL CAUSE4 ,& TO 5SURE ?AT ! P]T95CE ( ?IS NEOLOGISM WAS1 AMONG P$AGOGUES1 C>V$ 9 /ONE1 A NEW DEF9ITION WAS QUICKLY PASS$ -- AS IF IT HAD ALWAYS BE5 ACCEPT$ -- ACCORD+ TO :I*1 :ILE ! ILLIT]ATE WAS1 ONE KNEW1 SOMEONE :O HAD NEV] LE>N$ TO READ1 ! UNLETT]$ 9 ! MOD]N S5SE IS1 ON ! CONTR>Y1 SOMEONE :O HAD LE>N$ TO READ 7& HAD EV5 LE>N$ BETT] ?AN BE=E1 ! MORE GIFT$ (FICIAL !ORI/S & HI/ORIANS ( P$AGOGY COOLLY TE/IFI$71 BUT :O HAD BY *ANCE IMM$IATELY =GOTT54 ,?IS SURPRIS+ EXPLANATION MI<T HAVE RISK$ BE+ MORE DI/URB+ ?AN REASSUR+1 IF1 BY IGNOR+ ! FACT ?AT IT WAS DELIB]ATELY MISS+ ! PO9T1 IT DIDN'T HAVE ! CLEV]NESS TO AVOID ! FIR/ CONSEQU5CE ?AT W\LD HAVE COME TO ANYONE'S M9D 9 MORE SCI5TIFIC ]AS3 ! RECOGNITION ?AT ?IS NEW PH5OM5ON M]IT$ BE+ EXPLA9$ & COMBAT$1 S9CE IT HAD NEV] BE5 OBS]V$1 NOR EV5 IMAG9$1 ANY:]E1 BE=E ! REC5T PROGRESS ( DAMAG$ ?\<T1 :]E EXPLANATORY & PRACTICAL DECAD5CE GO H& 9 H&4 

,X,V4 

,MORE ?AN A C5TURY AGO1 ,A4-,L4 ,S>D\'S ,NEW ,DICTION>Y ( ,FR5* ,SYNONYMS DEF9$ ! NUANCES :I* MU/ BE GRASP$ BETWE5 FALLACI\S1 DECEPTIVE1 IMPO/R\S1 S$UCTIVE1 9SIDI\S1 CAPTI\S2 & :I* TAK5 TOGE!R CON/ITUTE TODAY A K9D ( PALETTE ( COLORS ) :I* TO PA9T A PORTRAIT ( ! SOCIETY ( ! SPECTACLE4 ,IT WAS BEYOND ! SCOPE ( HIS TIME1 & HIS EXP]I5CE AS A SPECIALI/1 = ,S>D\ TO DI/+UI% ) EQUAL CL>ITY ! RELAT$1 BUT V]Y DIFF]5T1 P]ILS NORMALLY EXPECT$ TO BE FAC$ BY ANY GR\P DEVOT$ TO SUBV]SION1 FOLL[+1 = EXAMPLE1 ?IS PROGRESSION3 MISL$1 PROVOK$1 9FILTRAT$1 MANIPULAT$1 USURP$1 9V]T$4 ,!SE IMPORTANT NUANCES HAVE NEV] APPE>$ TO ! DOCTR9AIRES ( '>M$ /RUGGLE4'.<#b#b.> 

,FALLACI\S .<FALLACIEUX.>1 FROM ! ,LAT9 FALLACIOSUS1 SKILLFUL AT OR ACCU/OM$ TO DECEPTION1 FULL ( DECEIT3 ! T]M9ATION ( ?IS ADJECTIVE IS EQUIVAL5T TO ! SUP]LATIVE ( DECEPTIVE .<TROMPEUR.>4 ,?AT :I* DECEIVES OR LEADS 9TO ]ROR 9 ANY WAY IS DECEPTIVE3 ?AT :I* IS DONE 9 ORD] TO DECEIVE1 ABUSE1 ?R[ 9TO ]ROR BY A DESIGN 9T5D$ TO DECEIVE ) >TIFICE & IMPOS$ DISPLAY MO/ FITT+ TO ABUSE1 IS FALLACI\S4 ,DECEPTIVE IS A G5]IC & VAGUE WORD2 ALL ! G5RES ( SIGNS & UNC]TA9 APPE>ANCES >E DECEPTIVE3 FALLACI\S DESIGNATES FALSITY1 DECEIT1 /UDI$ IMPO/URE2 SOPHI/IC SPEE*1 PROTE/S OR REASON+ >E FALLACI\S4 ,! WORD HAS AFF9ITIES ) IMPO/R\S .<IMPO/EUR.>1 S$UCTIVE .<S$UCTEUR.>1 9SIDI\S .<9SIDIEUX.> & CAPTI\S .<CAPTIEUX.>1 BUT )\T EQUIVAL5CE4 ,IMPO/R\S DESIGNATES ALL =MS ( FALSE APPE>ANCES1 OR CONSPIRACIES TO ABUSE OR 9JURE2 = EXAMPLE1 HYPOCRISY1 CALUMNY1 ETC4 ,S$UCTIVE EXPRESSES ACTION CALCULAT$ TO TAKE HOLD ( SOMEONE1 TO LEAD !M A/RAY BY >TFUL & 9S9UAT+ MEANS4 ,9SIDI\S ONLY 9DICATES ! ACT ( >TFULLY LAY+ TRAPS & MAK+ PEOPLE FALL 9TO !M4 ,CAPTI\S IS RE/RICT$ TO ! SUBTLE ACT ( SURPRIS+ SOMEONE & MAK+ HIM FALL 9TO ]ROR4 ,FALLACI\S 5COMPASSES MO/ ( !SE *>ACT]S4 

,X,V,I4 

,! RELATIVELY NEW CONCEPT ( DIS9=MATION WAS REC5TLY IMPORT$ FROM ,RUSSIA1 ALONG ) MANY O!R 9V5TIONS USEFUL 9 ! MANAGEM5T ( MOD]N /ATES4 ,IT IS ALWAYS OP5LY EMPLOY$ BY A P[]1 OR1 CONSEQU5TLY1 BY ! PEOPLE :O HOLD A FRAGM5T ( ECONOMIC OR POLITICAL AU?ORITY1 9 ORD] TO MA9TA9 :AT IS E/ABLI%$2 & ALWAYS 9 A C\NT]-(F5SIVE ROLE4 ,:ATEV] CAN OPPOSE A S+LE (FICIAL TRU? MU/ NECESS>ILY BE DIS9=MATION EMANAT+ FROM HO/ILE OR AT LEA/ RIVAL P[]S1 & MU/ HAVE BE5 9T5TIONALLY FALSIFI$ BY MALEVOL5CE4 ,DIS9=MATION W\LD NOT BE SIMPLE NEGATION ( A FACT :I* SUITS ! AU?ORITIES1 OR ! SIMPLE AFFIRMATION ( A FACT :I* DOES NOT SUIT !M3 ?AT IS CALL$ PSY*OSIS4 ,UNLIKE ! PURE LIE1 DIS9=MATION -- & H]E IS :Y ! CONCEPT IS 9T]E/+ TO ! DEF5D]S ( ! DOM9ANT SOCIETY -- MU/ 9EVITABLY CONTA9 A DEGREE ( TRU? BUT DELIB]ATELY MANIPULAT$ BY A SKILLFUL 5EMY4 ,! P[] ?AT SPEAKS ( DIS9=MATION DOES NOT BELIEVE ITSELF TO BE ABSOLUTELY FAULTLESS1 BUT KN[S ?AT IT CAN ATTRIBUTE TO ANY PRECISE CRITICISM ! EXCESSIVE 9SIGNIFICANCE :I* IS 9 ! NATURE ( DIS9=MATION1 & ( ! SORT ?AT IT WILL NEV] HAVE TO ADMIT TO A P>TICUL> FAULT4 

,9 %ORT1 DIS9=MATION W\LD BE ! BAD USAGE ( ! TRU?4 ,:OEV] ISSU$ IT IS CULPABLE1 :OEV] BELIEVES IT IS /UPID4 ,BUT :O PRECISELY W\LD ?IS >TFUL 5EMY BE8 ,9 ?IS CASE1 IT CANNOT BE T]RORISM1 :I* IS 9 NO DANG] ( 'DIS9=M+' ANYONE1 S9CE IT IS *>G$ ) ONTOLOGICALLY REPRES5T+ ! GROSSE/ & LEA/ ACCEPTABLE ]ROR4 ,?ANKS TO ITS ETYMOLOGY & TO CONTEMPOR>Y MEMORIES ( ?OSE LIMIT$ CONFRONTATIONS :I*1 >\ND MID-C5TURY1 BRIEFLY OPPOS$ ,EA/ & ,WE/1 CONC5TRAT$ SPECTACUL> & DIFFUSE SPECTACUL>1 TODAY ! CAPITALISM ( ! 9TEGRAT$ SPECTACUL> /ILL PRET5DS TO BELIEVE ?AT ! CAPITALISM ( TOTALIT>IAN BUREAUCRACY -- SOMETIMES EV5 PRES5T$ AS ! T]RORI/S' BASE CAMP OR 9SPIRATION -- REMA9S ITS FUNDAM5TAL 5EMY1 JU/ AS ! O!R W\LD SAY ! SOME?+ AB\T IT1 DESPITE ! 9NUM]ABLE PRO(S ( !IR ALLIANCE & PR(\ND SOLID>ITY4 ,9 FACT1 ALL ! E/ABLI%$ P[]S1 DESPITE SEV]AL G5U9E LOCAL RIVALRIES1 & )\T EV] WANT+ TO SPELL IT \T1 CONT9UALLY REMEMB] :AT ONE ( ! R>E ,G]MAN 9T]NATIONALI/S AFT] ! \TBREAK ( ! W> ( #aiad MANAG$ TO RECALL FROM ! SIDE ( SUBV]SION & )\T GREAT IMM$IATE SUCCESS3 0,! PR9CIPAL 5EMY IS 9 \R C\NTRY40 ,9 ! 5D1 DIS9=MATION IS ! EQUIVAL5T ( :AT WAS REPRES5T$ 9 ! DISC\RSE ( SOCIAL W> 9 ! N9ETE5?-C5TURY AS 'DANG]\S PASSIONS4' ,IT IS ALL ?AT IS OBSCURE & ?REAT5S TO OPPOSE ! UNPREC$5T$ HAPP9ESS ?AT ?IS SOCIETY (F]S TO ?OSE :O TRU/ IT1 A HAPP9ESS ?AT IS WOR? MORE ?AN V>I\S 9SIGNIFICANT RISKS & DISAPPO9TM5TS4 ,& ALL ?OSE :O SEE ?IS HAPP9ESS 9 ! SPECTACLE AGREE ?AT ONE %\LD NOT HAGGLE OV] ! PRICE2 EV]YONE ELSE IS A DIS9=M]4 

,! O!R ADVANTAGE D]IV$ FROM D5\NC+ A P>TICUL> 9/ANCE ( DIS9=MATION BY EXPLA9+ IT 9 ?IS WAY IS ?AT !RE IS NO SUSPICION ?AT ! GLOBAL DISC\RSE ( ! SPECTACLE MI<T CONTA9 ! SAME ?+1 S9CE IT CAN DESIGNATE1 ) ! MO/ SCI5TIFIC ASSURANCE1 ! T]RA9 :]E ONE RECOGNIZES ! ONLY DIS9=MATION3 ALL ?AT CAN BE SAID & ?AT WILL DISPLEASE IT4 

,IT IS D\BTLESS BY MI/AKE -- IF IT ISN'T A DELIB]ATE DECOY -- ?AT A PROJECT WAS REC5TLY SET 9 MOTION 9 ,FRANCE TO (FICIALLY PLACE A LABEL ON M$IATICS 'GU>ANTE$ FREE ( DIS9=MATION'3 ?IS W\ND$ C]TA9 PR(ESSIONALS ( ! M$IA1 :O /ILL LIKE TO BELIEVE1 OR MORE MODE/LY W\LD LIKE IT TO BE BELIEV$1 ?AT UNTIL N[ !Y HAD NOT ACTUALLY BE5 C5SOR$4 ,BUT ! CONCEPT ( DIS9=MATION MU/ OBVI\SLY NOT BE US$ DEF5SIVELY1 /ILL LESS 9 A /ATIC DEF5SE1 /R5G!N+ A ,GREAT ,WALL OR A ,MAG9OT ,L9E1 ?AT MU/ ABSOLUTELY COV] A SPACE FROM :I* DIS9=MATION IS SUPPOS$LY PROHIBIT$4 ,!RE MU/ BE DIS9=MATION1 & IT MU/ BE SOME?+ FLUID & POT5TIALLY UBIQUIT\S4 ,:]E SPECTACUL> DISC\RSE IS NOT UND] ATTACK1 IT W\LD BE /UPID TO DEF5D IT2 & ! CONCEPT W\LD WE> \T EXTREMELY FA/ IF ONE W]E TO TRY TO DEF5D IT AGA9/ ALL ! EVID5CE ON PO9TS :I* \<T ON ! CONTR>Y TO BE KEPT FROM MOBILIZ+ PUBLIC OP9ION4 ,MOREOV] ! AU?ORITIES HAVE NO REAL NE$ TO GU>ANTEE ?AT ANY P>TICUL> 9=MATION DOES NOT CONTA9 DIS9=MATION4 ,& !Y DO NOT HAVE ! MEANS TO DO SO3 !Y >E NOT RESPECT$ TO ?AT EXT5T1 & W\LD ONLY DRAW SUSPICION ON ! 9=MATION CONC]N$4 ,! CONCEPT ( DIS9=MATION IS ONLY GOOD = C\NT]-ATTACK4 ,IT MU/ BE KEPT 9 RES]VE1 !N 9/ANTANE\SLY ?R[N 9TO ! FRAY TO DRIVE BACK ANY TRU? :I* HAS MANAG$ TO >ISE4 

,IF SOMETIMES A K9D ( DISORD]LY DIS9=MATION ?REAT5S TO APPE>1 9 ! S]VICE ( P>TICUL> 9T]E/S TEMPOR>ILY 9 CONFLICT1 & ?REAT5S TO BE BELIEV$1 BECOM+ UNCONTROLLABLE & ?US OPPOS+ ITSELF TO ! CONC]T$ WORK ( A LESS IRRESPONSIBLE DIS9=MATION1 !RE IS NO REASON TO FE> ?AT 9 ?IS ONE F9DS O!R MANIPULATORS :O >E MORE EXP]T OR MORE SKILL$3 IT IS SIMPLY BECAUSE DIS9=MATION N[ DEPLOYS ITSELF 9 A WORLD :]E !RE IS NO LONG] ROOM = ANY V]IFICATION4 

,! CONFUSIONI/ CONCEPT ( DIS9=MATION IS PU%$ 9TO ! LIMELI<T 9/ANTANE\SLY TO REFUTE1 BY ! V]Y NOISE ( ITS NAME1 ALL CRITIQUE ?AT HAS NOT BE5 SUFFICI5TLY MADE TO DISAPPE> BY ! DIV]SE AG5CIES ( ! ORGANIZATION ( SIL5CE4 ,= EXAMPLE1 IT C\LD ONE DAY BE SAID1 %\LD ?IS APPE> DESIRABLE1 ?AT ?IS TEXT IS A DIS9=MATION CAMPAIGN AGA9/ ! SPECTACLE2 OR 9DE$1 S9CE IT IS ! SAME ?+1 A PIECE ( DIS9=MATION H>MFUL TO DEMOCRACY4 

,CONTR>Y TO :AT IS AFFIRM$ BY ITS 9V]T$ SPECTACUL> CONCEPT1 ! PRACTICE ( DIS9=MATION CAN ONLY S]VE ! ,/ATE H]E & N[1 UND] ITS DIRECT COMM&1 OR AT ! 9ITIATIVE ( ?OSE :O DEF5D ! SAME VALUES4 ,9 FACT1 DIS9=MATION RESIDES 9 ALL EXI/+ 9=MATION & AS ITS PR9CIPAL *>ACT]I/IC4 ,IT IS ONLY NAM$ :]E PASSIVITY MU/ BE MA9TA9$ BY 9TIMIDATION4 ,:]E DIS9=MATION IS NAM$ IT DOES NOT EXI/4 ,:]E IT EXI/S1 IT IS NOT NAM$4 

,:5 !RE W]E /ILL CONFLICT+ IDEOLOGIES1 :I* CLAIM$ TO BE = OR AGA9/ SOME RECOGNIZ$ ASPECT ( REALITY1 !RE W]E FANATICS1 & LI>S1 BUT !RE W]E NO 'DIS9=M]S4' 

,:5 IT IS NO LONG] P]MITT$1 \T ( RESPECT = SPECTACUL> CONS5SUS1 OR AT LEA/ = A WI% = SPECTACUL> GLORY1 TO SAY TRULY :AT SOMEONE IS AGA9/1 OR EQUALLY :AT ONE :OLEHE>T$LY APPROVES2 & :5 ONE (T5 MEETS ! OBLIGATION TO DISSIMULATE A SIDE ( :AT ONE IS SUPPOS$ TO ADMIT ?AT ONE NEV]!LESS F9DS TO BE DANG]\S = SOME REASON2 !N ONE PRACTICES DIS9=MATION1 AS IF BY ?\<TLESSNESS OR =GETFULNESS OR BY ALLEG$LY FALSE REASON+4 ,&1 BY EXAMPLE1 ON ! T]RA9 ( CONTE/ATION AFT] #a#i#f#h1 ! 9CAPABLE RECUP]ATORS :O W]E CALL$ 'PRO-SITUS' W]E ! FIR/ DIS9=M]S1 BECAUSE !Y DISSIMULAT$ AS MU* AS POSSIBLE ! PRACTICAL MANIFE/ATIONS ?R\< :I* ! CRITIQUE ?AT !Y FLATT]$ !MSELVES TO HAVE ADOPT$ W]E CONFIRM$3 &1 NOT EMB>ASS$ BY WEAK5+ ! EXPRESSION ( ?IS CRITIQUE1 !Y NEV] REF]R$ TO ANY?+ OR ANYONE1 9 ORD] TO SUGGE/ ?AT !Y !MSELVES HAD ACTUALLY DISCOV]$ SOME?+4 

,X,V,I,I4 

,REV]S+ A FAM\S MAXIM ( ,HEGEL1 ,I ALREADY NOT$ 9 #aifg ?AT 09 A WORLD REALLY 9V]T$1 ! TRU? IS A MOM5T ( ! FALSE40 ,! YE>S S9CE !N HAVE %[N ! PROGRESS ( ?IS PR9CIPLE 9 EA* SPECIFIC DOMA91 )\T EXCEPTION4 

,?US1 9 AN ]A :5 CONTEMPOR>Y >T CAN NO LONG] EXI/1 IT BECOMES DIFFICULT TO JUDGE ! CLASSICAL >TS4 ,H]E AS ELSE:]E1 IGNORANCE IS ONLY PRODUC$ 9 ORD] TO BE EXPLOIT$4 ,AT ! SAME TIME ! MEAN+ ( HI/ORY & TA/E >E LO/1 ONE ORGANIZES NETWORKS ( FALSIFICATION4 ,IT SUFFICES TO HOLD ONTO ! EXP]TS & APPRAIS]S1 :I* IS EASY 5\<1 TO GET ?+S TO GO ?R\<1 S9CE 9 AFFAIRS ( ?IS K9D1 AS 9 ! O!RS1 IT IS ! SALE :I* AU!NTICATES ALL VALUE4 ,AFT]W>DS1 IT IS ! COLLECTORS & MUSEUMS1 P>TICUL>LY 9 ,AM]ICA1 :I*1 GORG$ ON FALSEHOOD1 WILL HAVE AN 9T]E/ 9 UPHOLD+ ITS GOOD REPUTATION1 JU/ AS ! ,9T]NATIONAL ,MONET>Y ,FUND MA9TA9S ! FICTION ( A POSITIVE VALUE 9 ! HUGE DEBTS ( A HUNDR$ NATIONS4 

,! FALSE =M ( TA/E1 & SUPPORT ( ! FALSE1 DELIB]ATELY MAKE ! POSSIBILITY ( REF]5CE TO ! AU!NTIC DISAPPE>4 ,ONE EV5 REMAKES ! TRUE AS SOON AS POSSIBLE TO RESEMBLE ! FALSE4 ,BE+ ! RI*E/ & ! MO/ MOD]N1 ! ,AM]ICANS HAVE BE5 ! PR9CIPAL DUPES ( ?IS COMM]CE ( ! FALSE 9 >T4 ,& !Y >E EXACTLY ! SAME PEOPLE :O PAY = RE/ORATION WORK AT ,V]SAILLES OR 9 ! ,SI/9E ,*APEL4 ,?IS IS :Y ,MI*ELANGELO'S FRESCOES WILL ACQUIRE ! BRI<T COLORS ( A C>TOON /RIP1 & ! AU!NTIC FURNITURE AT ,V]SAILLES ACQUIRE ! BRILLIANT QUICKNESS ( GILT ?AT WILL MAKE !M RESEMBLE ! FAKE ,L\IS ,X,I,V SUITES IMPORT$ BY ,TEXANS AT SU* GREAT EXP5SE4 

,FEU]BA*'S JUDGM5T ON ! FACT ?AT HIS TIME PREF]R$ 0! IMAGE TO ! ?+1 ! COPY TO ! ORIG9AL1 REPRES5ATION TO REALITY10 HAS BE5 5TIRELY CONFIRM$ BY ! C5TURY ( ! SPECTACLE1 & 9 SEV]AL DOMA9S :]E ! N9ETE5? C5TURY PREF]R$ TO KEEP ITS DI/ANCE FROM :AT WAS ALREADY ITS FUNDAM5TAL NATURE3 9DU/RIAL CAPITALI/ PRODUCTION4 ,?US IT WAS ?AT ! B\RGEOISIE HAD WIDELY SPREAD ! RIGOR\S SPIRIT ( ! MUSEUM1 ! ORIG9AL OBJECT1 PRECISE HI/ORICAL CRITICISM1 ! AU!NTIC DOCUM5T4 ,BUT TODAY1 ! >TIFICIAL T5DS TO REPLACE ! TRUE EV]Y:]E4 ,AT ?IS PO9T1 IT IS =TUIT\S ?AT POLLUTION DUE TO AUTOMOBILE TRAFFIC HAS NECESSITAT$ ! REPLACEM5T ( ! ,M>LY ,HORSES 9 PLACE DE LA ,CONCORDE1 OR ! ,ROMAN /ATUES 9 ! DOORWAY ( ,SA9T-,TROPHIME 9 ,>LES1 BY PLA/IC REPLICAS4 ,9 %ORT1 EV]Y?+ WILL BE MORE BEAUTIFUL ?AN BE=E1 SO AS TO BE PHOTOGRAPH$ BY T\RI/S4 

,! HI<E/ PO9T HAS )\T D\BT BE5 REA*$ BY ! ,*9ESE BUREAUCRACY'S LAU<ABLE FAKE ( ! GREAT /ATUES ( ! 9DU/RIAL >MY ( ! ,FIR/ ,EMP]OR1 :I* SO MANY VISIT+ /ATESM5 HAVE BE5 TAK5 TO ADMIRE 9 SITU4 ,S9CE ONE C\LD MOCK !M SO CRUELLY1 ?IS ?US PROVES ?AT 9 ALL ! MASSES ( !IR ADVIS]S1 !RE WAS NOT A S+LE 9DIVIDUAL :O KNEW ! HI/ORY ( >T1 9 ,*9A OR ANY:]E ELSE4 ,ONE KN[S ?AT !IR 9/RUCTIONS W]E QUITE DIFF]5T3 ',Y\R ,EXCELL5CY'S COMPUT]S HAVE NOT BE5 9=M$4' ,?IS CONFIRMATION ?AT1 = ! FIR/ TIME1 IT IS POSSIBLE TO GOV]N )\T ANY >TI/IC KN[L$GE1 NOR ANY S5SE ( ! AU!NTIC OR ! IMPOSSIBLE1 C\LD ALONE SUFFICE TO MAKE US CONJECTURE ?AT ! NAIVE DUPES ( ! ECONOMY & ! ADM9I/RATION WILL PROBABLY LEAD ! WORLD TO SOME GREAT CATA/ROPHE2 IF !IR ACTUAL PRACTICE HAD NOT ALREADY DEMON/RAT$ ?AT FACT4 

,X,V,I,I,I4 

,\R SOCIETY IS BUILT ON ! SECRET1 FROM ! 'SCRE5 COMPANIES' ?AT %ELT] FROM ALL LI<T ! CONC5TRAT$ WEAL? ( !IR MEMB]S1 TO ! 'DEF5SE SECRETS' ?AT TODAY COV] AN IMM5SE DOMA9 ( FULL EXTRA-JUDICIAL LIB]TY ( ! ,/ATE2 FROM ! (T5 FRI<T5+ SECRETS ( %ODDY PRODUCTION1 :I* >E HIDD5 BY ADV]TIS+1 TO ! PROJECTIONS ( V>IANTS 9 AN EXTRAPOLAT$ FUTURE1 9 :I* DOM9ATION ALONE READS ! MO/ PROBABLE R\TES ( ?+S ?AT IT AFFIRMS HAVE NO EXI/5CE1 CALCULAT+ ! RESPONSES IT WILL MY/]I\SLY MAKE4 ,ONE CAN MAKE SEV]AL OBS]VATIONS4 

,!RE >E ALWAYS MORE PLACES1 9 ! GREAT CITIES AS 9 ! SPACES RES]V$ 9 C\NTRYSIDE1 :I* REMA9 9ACCESSIBLE1 ?AT IS TO SAY1 GU>D$ & PROTECT$ FROM ALL GAZES2 :I* >E \T ( B\NDS TO 9NOC5T CURI\SITY1 & WELL-GU>D$ AGA9/ ESPIONAGE4 ,)\T ALL BE+ PROP]LY MILIT>Y1 !Y >E ON ?IS MODEL PLAC$ BEYOND ALL RISK ( 9SPECTION BY PASS]SBY & 9HABITANTS2 OR EV5 BY ! POLICE1 :OSE FUNCTIONS HAVE LONG BE5 R$UC$ TO SURVEILLANCE & REPRESSION ( ! MO/ COMMONPLACE =MS ( DEL9QU5CY4 ,& IT WAS ?US 9 ,ITALY1 :5 ,ALDO ,MORO WAS A PRISON] ( ,POT]E ,DUE.<#b#c.>1 HE WAS NOT HELD 9 A BUILD+ MORE OR LESS UNF9DABLE1 BUT SIMPLY IMP5ETRABLE4 

,!RE IS ALWAYS A L>GE NUMB] ( M5 TRA9$ TO ACT 9 SECRET2 9/RUCT$ & PRACTIC$ ONLY = ?AT4 ,!RE >E SPECIAL DETA*M5TS >M$ ) CONFID5TIAL >*IVES1 ?AT IS TO SAY1 ) SECRET DATA & ANALYSIS4 ,& O!RS >M$ ) DIV]SE TE*NIQUES = ! EXPLOITATION & MANIPULATION ( !SE SECRET AFFAIRS4 ,F9ALLY1 :5 IT IS A QUE/ION ( !IR 'ACTION' BRAN*ES1 !Y CAN EQUALLY BE EQUIPP$ ) O!R MEANS TO SIMPLIFY ! PROBLEMS /UDI$4 

,:ILE ! MEANS ATTRIBUT$ TO !SE M5 SPECIALIZ$ 9 SURVEILLANCE & 9FLU5CE CONT9UE TO 9CREASE1 !Y ALSO 5C\NT] G5]AL CIRCUM/ANCES ?AT FAVOR !M MORE EA* YE>4 ,:51 = EXAMPLE1 ! NEW CONDITIONS ( ! SOCIETY ( ! 9TEGRAT$ SPECTACUL> HAVE =C$ ITS CRITIQUE TO REMA9 REALLY CL&E/9E1 NOT BECAUSE IT HIDES ITSELF BUT BECAUSE IT IS HIDD5 BY ! HEAVY /AGE-MANAGEM5T ( ! ?\<T ( DIV]SION1 ?OSE :O >E NONE!LESS *>G$ ) SURVEILL+ ?IS CRITIQUE &1 IF NECESS>Y1 = D5Y+ IT1 CAN N[ EMPLOY TRADITIONAL ME?ODS 9 ! MILIEU ( CL&E/9ITY3 PROVOCATION1 9FILTRATIONS1 & V>I\S =MS ( ELIM9ATION ( AU!NTIC CRITIQUE TO ! PR(IT ( A FALSE ONE :I* WILL HAVE BE5 PUT 9 PLACE = ?IS PURPOSE4.<#b#d.> ,:5 ! G5]AL IMPO/URE ( ! SPECTACLE IS 5RI*$ ) ! POSSIBILITY ( REC\RSE TO A ?\S& 9DIVIDUAL IMPO/URES1 UNC]TA9TY GR[S AT EV]Y TURN4 ,AN UNEXPLA9$ CRIME CAN ALSO BE CALL$ SUICIDE.<#b#e.>1 9 PRISON AS ELSE:]E2 ! DISSOLUTION ( LOGIC ALL[S 9QUIRIES & TRIALS ?AT SO> V]TICALLY 9TO IRRATIONALITY1 & :I* >E FREQU5TLY FALSE1 RI<T FROM ! />T1 ?R\< ABSURD AUTOPSIES1 P]=M$ BY S+UL> EXP]TS4.<#b#f.> 

,ONE HAS LONG BE5 ACCU/OM$ TO SEE+ SUMM>Y EXECUTIONS ( ALL K9DS ( PEOPLE4 ,KN[N T]RORI/S1 OR ?OSE CONSID]$ AS SU*1 >E OP5LY F\<T 9 A T]RORI/ MANN]4 ,MOSSAD CAN KILL ,AB\ ,JIHAD.<#b#g.> FROM AF>1 ! ,5GLI% ,S,A,S CAN DO ! SAME ) ,IRI% PEOPLE1.<#b#h.> & ! P>ALLEL POLICE ( ,G,A,L ) ,BASQUES4.<#b#i.> ,?OSE :OSE KILL+S >E >RANG$ BY SUPPOS$ T]RORI/S >E NOT *OS5 )\T REASON2 BUT IT IS G5]ALLY IMPOSSIBLE TO BE SURE ( KN[+ !SE REASONS4 ,ONE CAN KN[ ?AT ! ,BOLOGNA RAILWAY /ATION WAS BL[N UP TO 5SURE ?AT ,ITALY CONT9U$ TO BE WELL GOV]N$.<#c.>2 & :AT ! 'DEA? SQUADS' 9 ,BRAZIL >E2 & ?AT ! ,MAFIA CAN BURN D[N A HOTEL 9 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES TO FACILITATE A RACKET .<,5GLI% 9 ORIG9AL.>4 ,BUT H[ CAN WE KN[ :AT PURPOSE WAS ULTIMATELY S]V$ BY ! 'MAD KILL]S ( ,BRABANT'8.<#c#a.> ,IT IS H>D TO APPLY ! PR9CIPLE ,CUI PRODE/8.<#c#b.> 9 A WORLD :]E SO MANY ACTIVE 9T]E/S >E SO WELL HIDD54 ,! RESULT IS ?AT1 UND] ! 9TEGRAT$ SPECTACUL>1 WE LIVE & DIE AT ! CONFLU5CE ( A V]Y GREAT NUMB] ( MY/]IES4 

,M$IA_/POLICE RUMORS 9/ANTLY1 OR AT WOR/ AFT] ?REE OR F\R REPETITIONS1 ACQUIRE ! UNQUE/IONABLE WEI<T ( SECUL> HI/ORICAL PRO(S4 ,ACCORD+ TO ! LEG5D>Y AU?ORITY ( ! SPECTACLE ( ! DAY1 /RANGE *>ACT]S ELIM9AT$ 9 SIL5CE CAN REAPPE> AS FICTIVE SURVIVORS1 :OSE RETURN CAN ALWAYS BE EVOK$ OR CALCULAT$1 & PROV$ BY ! M]E SAY-SO ( SPECIALI/S4 ,!Y >E SOME:]E BETWE5 ! ,A*]ON & ! ,LE!1 !SE DEAD PEOPLE :OM ! SPECTACLE HAS NOT PROP]LY BURI$.<#c#c.>1 SUPPOS$LY SLUMB]+ :ILE AWAIT+ ! SUMMONS :I* WILL AWAKE !M ALL3 ! T]RORI/ ONCE AGA9 COME D[N FROM ! HILLS1 ! PIRATE FROM ! SEA2 & ! ?IEF :O NO LONG] NE$S TO /EAL4.<#c#d.> 

,?US IS UNC]TA9TY ORGANIZ$ EV]Y:]E4 ,! PROTECTION ( DOM9ATION V]Y (T5 PROC$ES BY FALSE ATTACKS1 ( :I* ! M$IATIC TREATM5T WILL LOSE FROM VIEW ! TRUE OP]ATION3 SU* WAS ! CASE ) ! BIZ>RE ASSAULT BY ,TEJ]O & HIS CIVIL GU>DS ON ! ,CORTES 9 #a#i#h#a1 :OSE FAILURE HID ANO!R MORE MOD]N1 ?AT IS TO SAY1 MORE DISGUIS$ PRONUNCIAMI5TO1 :I* SUCCE$$4.<#c#e.> ,EQUALLY %[Y1 ! FAILURE ( ! ,FR5* SECRET S]VICES' SABOTAGE ATTEMPT 9 ,NEW ,ZEAL& 9 #aihe HAS SOMETIMES BE5 SE5 AS A /RATAGEM1 P]HAPS DESIGN$ TO DIV]T ATT5TION FROM ! NUM]\S NEW USES ( !SE S]VICES1 BY MAK+ PEOPLE BELIEVE 9 !IR C>ICATURAL CLUMS9ESS BO? 9 !IR *OICE ( T>GET & 9 !IR MODALITIES ( OP]ATION4.<#c#f.> ,& MORE ASSUR$LY1 IT HAS BE5 ALMO/ UNIV]SALLY ACCEPT$ ?AT ! GEOLOGICAL EXPLORATIONS = OIL-B$S 9 ! SUBSOIL ( ! CITY ( ,P>IS1 SO NOISILY CONDUCT$ 9 ! AUTUMN ( #a#i#h#f1 HAD NO O!R S]I\S PURPOSE ?AN TO MEASURE ! 9HABITANTS' CURR5T LEVEL ( /UPEFACTION & SUBMISSION3 BY %[+ !M SUPPOS$ RESE>* SO ABSOLUTELY CONTRADICT$ ON ! ECONOMIC LEVEL4 

,P[] IS BECOM+ SO MY/]I\S ?AT AFT] ! AFFAIR ( ! ILLEGAL >MS SALES TO ,IRAN BY ! ,U,S PRESID5CY.<#c#f.>1 ONE MI<T WOND] :O WAS REALLY COMM&+ ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES1 ! /RONGE/ P[] 9 ! SO-CALL$ DEMOCRATIC WORLD4 ,& :I* DEVIL C\LD ?US COMM& ! DEMOCRATIC WORLD8 

,MORE PR(\NDLY1 9 ?IS WORLD :I* IS (FICIALLY SO FULL ( RESPECT = ECONOMIC NECESSITIES1 NO ONE EV] KN[S ! REAL CO/ ( ANY?+ :I* IS PRODUC$3 ACTUALLY1 ! MO/ IMPORTANT P>T ( ! REAL CO/ IS NEV] CALCULAT$2 & ! RE/ IS KEPT SECRET4 

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,AT ! BEG9N+ ( #a#i#h#h1 ,G5]AL ,NORIEGA SUDD5LY BECAME KN[N WORLD-WIDE4 ,HE WAS ! UN(FICIAL DICTATOR ( ,PANAMA1 A C\NTRY )\T AN >MY1 :]E HE COMM&$ ! ,NATIONAL ,GU>D4 ,PANAMA IS NOT REALLY A SOV]EIGN /ATE3 IT WAS DUG \T = ITS CANAL1 RA!R ?AN ! REV]SE4 ,ITS CURR5CY IS ! DOLL>1 & ! TRUE >MY :I* IS /ATION$ !RE IS SIMIL>LY =EIGN4 ,NORIEGA HAD ?US DEVOT$ HIS 5TIRE C>E] -- PRECISELY LIKE ?AT ( .<,G5]AL.> ,J>UZELSKI 9 ,POL& -- TO S]V+ ! OCCUPY+ P[] AS ITS *IEF ( POLICE4 ,HE IMPORT$ DRUGS 9TO ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES1 S9CE ,PANAMA WAS NOT BR++ HIM SUFFICI5T REV5UE1 & EXPORT$ HIS ',PANAMANIAN' CAPITAL TO ,SWITZ]L&4 ,HE HAD WORK$ ) ! ,C,I,A AGA9/ ,CUBA &1 TO PROVIDE ADEQUATE COV] = HIS ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES1 HAD ALSO D5\NC$ SOME ( HIS RIVALS 9 ! IMPORT TRADE TO ! ,U,S AU?ORITIES1 OBSESS$ AS !Y >E ) ?IS PROBLEM4 ,TO ! JEAL\SY ( ,WA%+TON1 HIS *IEF SECURITY ADVIS] WAS ! BE/ ON ! M>KET3 ,MI*AEL ,H>>I1 A =M] (FIC] ) ,MOSSAD1 ! ,ISRAELI SECRET S]VICE4 ,:5 ! ,AM]ICANS F9ALLY DECID$ TO GET RID ( ?IS P]SON .<,NORIEGA.>1 SOME ( !IR C\RTS HAV+ IMPRUD5TLY CONDEMN$ HIM1 ,NORIEGA DECL>$ ?AT HE WAS READY TO DEF5D HIMSELF = A ?\S& YE>S1 = ,PANAMANIAN PATRIOTISM &1 AT ! SAME TIME1 AGA9/ HIS [N PEOPLE 9 REVOLT & =EIGN]S2 9 ! NAME ( ANTI-IMP]IALISM1 HE QUICKLY RECEIV$ PUBLIC APPROVAL FROM ! MORE AU/]E BUREAUCRATIC DICTATORS 9 ,CUBA & ,NIC>AGUA4 

,F> FROM BE+ A PECULI>LY ,PANAMANIAN /RANG5ESS1 ?IS ,G5]AL ,NORIEGA1 :O SELLS & SIMULATES EV]Y?+1 9 A WORLD :I* EV]Y:]E DOES ! SAME ?+1 WAS ALTOGE!R A P]FECT REPRES5TATIVE ( ! 9TEGRAT$ SPECTACUL>1 & ( ! SUCCESSES ?AT IT ALL[S ! MO/ V>I$ MANAG]S ( ITS 9T]NAL & 9T]NATIONAL POLITICS3 A SORT ( MAN ( A SORT ( /ATE1 A SORT ( G5]AL1 A CAPITALI/4 ,HE IS ! V]Y MODEL ( ! PR9CE ( \R TIMES.<#c#h.> &1 ( ?OSE DE/9$ TO COME TO P[] & REMA9 !RE1 ! MO/ ABLE TO RESEMBLE HIM CLOSELY4 ,IT IS NOT ,PANAMA :I* PRODUCES SU* M>VELS1 IT IS \R ]A4 

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,= ANY 9TELLIG5CE S]VICE .<S]VICE DE R5SEIGNEM5TS.>1 ON ?IS PO9T 9 ACCORD ) ! EXACT ,CLAUSEWITZIAN !ORY ( W>1 KN[L$GE MU/ BECOME P[]4 ,FROM ?IS !SE S]VICES DRAW !IR PRE/IGE1 !IR SPECIES ( SPECIAL POETRY4 ,:IL/ 9TELLIG5CE .<9TELLIG5CE.> HAS BE5 ABSOLUTELY *AS$ FROM ! SPECTACLE1 :I* DOES NOT P]MIT ACTION & DOES NOT SAY MU* ( ! TRU? AB\T ! ACTIONS ( O!RS1 IT ALMO/ SEEMS TO HAVE TAK5 REFUGE AMONG ?OSE :O ANALYZE & SECRETLY ACT ON REALITIES4 ,! REC5T REVELATIONS ?AT ,M>G>ET ,?AT*] HAD DONE EV]Y?+ TO SUPPRESS1 BUT 9 VA91 & AU!NTICAT$ BY ! ATTEMPT1 HAVE %[N ?AT 9 ,BRITA9 !SE S]VICES HAVE ALREADY BE5 CAPABLE ( BR++ D[N A M9I/] :OM !Y JUDG$ POLITICALLY DANG]\S4.<#c#i.> ,! G5]AL SCORN >\S$ BY ! SPECTACLE ?US1 = NEW REASONS1 RE/OR$ ! ATTRACTION ( :AT 9 ,KIPL+'S DAY WAS CALL$ '! GREAT GAME4' 

',! POLICE CONCEPTION ( HI/ORY' WAS1 9 ! N9ETE5? C5TURY1 A REACTION>Y & RIDICUL\S EXPLANATION1 AT A TIME :5 SO MANY P[]FUL SOCIAL MOVEM5TS AGITAT$ ! MASSES4 ,TODAY'S PSEUDO-OPPON5TS >E WELL AW>E ( ?IS1 ?ANKS TO HE>SAY OR SOME BOOKS1 & BELIEVE ?AT ?IS CONCLUSION REMA9S TRUE = ET]NITY2 !Y NEV] WANT TO SEE ! REAL PRAXIS ( !IR TIME2 BECAUSE IT IS TOO SAD = !IR COLD HOPES4 ,! ,/ATE ISN'T IGNORANT ( ?IS1 & PLAYS ON IT4 

,AT ! MOM5T :5 ALMO/ EV]Y ASPECT ( 9T]NATIONAL POLITICAL LIFE & A GR[+ NUMB] ( ?OSE ASPECTS ?AT C\NT 9 9T]NAL POLITICS >E CONDUCT$ & DISPLAY$ 9 ! /YLE ( ! SECRET S]VICES1 ) DECOYS1 DIS9=MATION & D\BLE EXPLANATIONS 7ONE MI<T CONCEAL ANO!R1 OR MAY ONLY SEEM TO71 ! SPECTACLE CONF9ES ITSELF TO MAK+ KN[N A WE>ISOME WORLD ( OBLIGATORY 9COMPREH5SIBILITY1 A BOR+ S]IES ( LIFELESS1 9CONCLUSIVE CRIME NOVELS4 ,IT IS TRUE ?AT ! REALI/IC DIRECTION ( A FI<T BETWE5 NEGROES1 AT NI<T1 9 A TUNNEL1 MU/ PASS = A SUFFICI5TLY DRAMATIC MOTIVE4 

,IMBECILITY BELIEVES ?AT ALL IS CLE> :5 TELEVISION HAS %[N A BEAUTIFUL IMAGE & COMM5T$ ON IT ) A BRAZ5 LIE4 ,! DEMI-ELITE IS CONT5T TO KN[ ?AT ALMO/ EV]Y?+ IS OBSCURE1 AMBIVAL5T1 'M\NT$' BY UNKN[N CODES4 ,A MORE EXCLUSIVE ELITE W\LD LIKE TO KN[ ! TRUE1 H>D AS IT IS TO DI/+UI% 9 EA* S+UL> CASE1 DESPITE ALL ! RES]V$ 9=MATION & CONFID5CES ( :I* IT CAN DISPOSE4 ,?IS IS :Y ?IS ELITE W\LD LOVE TO KN[ ! ME?OD ( TRU?1 ?\< !IR LOVE USUALLY REMA9S UNLUCKY4 

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,! SECRET DOM9ATES ?IS WORLD1 & FIR/ & =EMO/ AS ! SECRET ( DOM9ATION4 ,ACCORD+ TO ! SPECTACLE1 ! SECRET W\LD ONLY BE A NECESS>Y EXCEPTION TO ! RULE ( ABUNDANT 9=MATION (F]$ ON ! 5TIRE SURFACE ( SOCIETY1 JU/ AS DOM9ATION 9 ! 'FREE WORLD' ( ! 9TEGRAT$ SPECTACUL> W\LD BE RE/RICT$ TO ONLY AN EXECUTIVE DEP>TM5T 9 ! S]VICE ( DEMOCRACY4 ,BUT NO ONE REALLY BELIEVES ! SPECTACLE4 ,H[ !N DO ! SPECTATORS ACCEPT ! EXI/5CE ( ! SECRET ?AT ALONE GU>ANTEES ?AT !Y CANNOT MANAGE A WORLD1 ! PR9CIPAL REALITIES ( :I* !Y KN[ NO?+ AB\T1 IF ONE W]E TO TRULY ASK !M = !IR OP9IONS ON ! MANN] ( MANAG+ IT8 ,IT IS A FACT ?AT ! SECRET DOESN'T APPE> TO H>DLY ANYONE 9 ITS 9ACCESSIBLE PURITY & ITS FUNCTIONAL UNIV]SALITY4 ,EV]YONE ACCEPTS ?AT !RE IS 9EVITABLY A SMALL ZONE ( SECRECY RES]V$ = SPECIALI/S2 AS = ! G5]ALITY ( ?+S1 MANY BELIEVE ?AT !Y >E 9 ON ! SECRET4 

,9 ! ,DISC\RSE ON ,VOLUNT>Y ,S]VITUDE1 ,LA ,BOETIE %[$ H[ ! P[] ( A TYRANT MU/ 5C\NT] MANY SUPPORTS AMONG ! CONC5TRIC CIRCLES ( 9DIVIDUALS :O F9D1 OR BELIEVE TO F9D1 !IR ADVANTAGE 9 IT4 ,LIKEWISE1 MANY POLITICIANS & M$IATICS :O >E FLATT]$ ?AT NO ONE CAN SUSPECT !M ( BE+ IRRESPONSIBLE1 KN[ MANY ?+S ?R\< !IR CONNECTIONS & CONFID5CES4 ,SOMEONE :O IS HAPPY TO BE TAK5 9TO CONFID5CE IS H>DLY LIKELY TO CRITICIZE IT2 NOR TO REM>K ?AT 9 ALL ! CONFID5CES1 ! PR9CIPAL P>T ( REALITY WILL ALWAYS BE HIDD5 FROM HIM4 ,?ANKS TO ! B5EVOL5T PROTECTION ( ! *EAT]S1 HE KN[S A FEW MORE ( ! C>DS1 BUT !Y CAN BE FALSE2 & HE NEV] KN[S ! ME?OD ?AT DIRECTS & EXPLA9S ! GAME4 ,?US HE IMM$IATELY ID5TIFIES HIMSELF ) ! MANIPULATORS & SCORNS ! IGNORANCE :I* 9 FACT HE %>ES4 ,BECAUSE ! SCRAPS ( 9=MATION (F]$ TO ! FAMILI>S ( A LY+ TYRANNY >E NORMALLY 9FECT$ ) LIES1 MANIPULAT$ & UN*ECKABLE4.<#d.> ,!Y >E1 H[EV]1 PLEAS$ TO GET !SE SCRAPS1 = !Y FEEL !MSELVES SUP]IOR TO ?OSE :O KN[ NO?+4 ,!Y ONLY KN[ BETT] ?AN ! RE/ SO AS TO BETT] APPROVE ( DOM9ATION & NEV] TO ACTUALLY COMPREH5D IT4 ,!Y CON/ITUTE ! PRIVILEGE ( FIR/-CLASS SPECTATORS3 ?OSE :O HAVE ! /UPIDITY TO BELIEVE !Y CAN UND]/& SOME?+1 NOT BY MAK+ USE ( :AT IS HIDD5 FROM !M1 BUT BY BELIEV+ :AT IS REVEAL$ TO !M6 

,DOM9ATION IS AT LEA/ LUCID 9 ?AT IT EXPECTS ?AT ITS FREE & UNH9D]$ MANAGEM5T WILL V]Y %ORTLY LEAD TO A QUITE L>GE NUMB] ( MAJOR CATA/ROPHES ( ! HI<E/ GR&EUR2 & ?IS AS MU* AS ON ECOLOGICAL T]RA9S 7*EMICAL1 = EXAMPLE7 AS ON ECONOMIC T]RA9S 79 BANK+1 = EXAMPLE74 ,IT HAS = SOME TIME ALREADY BE5 9 A POSITION TO TREAT !SE EXCEPTIONAL MIS=TUNES BY O!R MEANS ?AN ITS HABITUAL H&L+ ( S(T DIS9=MATION4 

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,AS TO ! RIS+ NUMB] ( ASSASS9ATIONS OV] ! LA/ TWO DECADES1 :I* HAVE REMA9$ 5TIRELY UNEXPLA9$ -- BECAUSE1 IF ONE HAS SOMETIMES SACRIFIC$ SOME NOBODY1 IT HAS NEV] BE5 A QUE/ION ( GO+ BACK TO ! SPONSORS -- !IR *>ACT] ( PRODUCTION 9 S]IES HAS ITS M>K3 PAT5T & *ANG+ LIES 9 ! (FICIAL DECL>ATIONS2 ,K5N$Y1 ,ALDO ,MORO1 ,OLAF ,PALME1 M9I/]S & BANK]S1 A POPE OR TWO1 SOME O!RS :O W]E WOR? MORE ?AN ALL ( !M4.<#d#a.> ,?IS SYNDROME ( A REC5TLY ACQUIR$ SOCIAL DISEASE HAS QUICKLY SPREAD ALL OV]1 AS IF1 FOLL[+ ! FIR/ DOCUM5T$ CASES1 IT DESC5D$ FROM ! SUMMITS ( ! ,/ATE 7! TRADITIONAL SPH]E = ?IS TYPE ( ATTACK7 &1 AT ! SAME TIME1 ASC5D$ FROM ! UND]WORLD1 ! TRADITIONAL PLACE = ILLEGAL TRAFFICK+ & PROTECTION RACKETS1 :]E ?IS K9D ( W> HAS ALWAYS GONE ON1 AMONG PR(ESSIONALS4 ,!SE ACTIVITIES T5D TO MEET EA* O!R 9 ! MIDDLE ( ! AFFAIRS ( SOCIETY1 AS IF ! ,/ATE DIDN'T DISDA9 FROM MIX+ ITSELF UP 9 IT & ! ,MAFIA ELEVAT$ ITSELF BY ATTA9+ IT2 ?US A K9D ( JUNCTION OP]ATES !RE4.<#d#b.> 

,ONE HAS HE>D ! OCCURR5CE ( ACCID5TS US$ TO EXPLA9 ?IS NEW G5RE ( MY/]Y3 POLICE 9COMPET5CE1 /UPID MAGI/RATES1 UNTIMELY PRESS REVELATIONS1 CRISIS ( GR[? 9 ! SECRET S]VICES1 MALEVOL5T WITNESSES1 OR CATEGORICAL /RIKES BY 9=M]S4 ,BUT ,$G> ,ALLAN ,PE HAD ALREADY F\ND ! C]TA9 PA? TO TRU?1 9 HIS CELEBRAT$ REASON+ 9 ,! ,MURD]S 9 ! ,RUE ,MORGUE3 

0,IT APPE>S TO ME ?AT ?IS MY/]Y IS CONSID]$ 9SOLUBLE1 = ! V]Y REASON :I* %\LD CAUSE IT TO BE REG>D$ AS EASY ( SOLUTION -- ,I MEAN = ! \TRE *>ACT] ( ITS FEATURES4444 ,9 9VE/IGATIONS SU* AS WE >E N[ PURSU+1 IT %\LD NOT BE SO MU* ASK$ ':AT HAS OCCURR$1' AS ':AT HAS OCCURR$ ?AT HAS NEV] OCCURR$ BE=E4'0 

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,9 ,JANU>Y #aihh ! ,COLOMBIAN DRUG ,MAFIA ISSU$ A COMMUNIQUE AIM$ AT CORRECT+ PUBLIC OP9ION AB\T ITS SUPPOS$ EXI/5CE4 ,! GREATE/ REQUIREM5T ( ANY ,MAFIA1 :]EV] IT MAY BE CON/ITU$1 IS NATURALLY TO E/ABLI% ?AT IT DOES NOT EXI/1 OR ?AT IT HAS BE5 ! VICTIM ( UNSCI5TIFIC CALUMNIES2 & ?AT IS ITS FIR/ PO9T ( RESEMBLANCE ) CAPITALISM4 ,BUT 9 ?IS P>TICUL> CIRCUM/ANCE1 ?IS ,MAFIA WAS SO IRRITAT$ AT BE+ ! ONLY ONE PLAC$ 9 ! SPOTLI<T ?AT IT W5T SO F> AS TO EVOKE ! O!R GR\P+S ?AT WANT$ TO MAKE !MSELVES =GOTT5 BY ABUSIVELY US+ IT AS A SCAPEGOAT4 ,IT DECL>$3 ',WE \RSELVES DON'T BELONG TO ! ,MAFIA ( POLITICIANS & BUREAUCRATS1 NOR ?AT ( BANK]S & F9ANCI]S1 NOR ?AT ( MILLIONAIRES1 NOR TO ! ,MAFIA ( GREAT FRAUDUL5T CONTRACTS1 TO ?AT ( MONOPOLIES OR OIL1 NOR TO ! GREAT MEANS ( COMMUNICATION4' 

,ONE CAN )\T D\BT E/IMATE ?AT ! AU?ORS ( ?IS DECL>ATION HAVE1 LIKE ALL ! RE/1 AN 9T]E/ 9 EMPTY+ !IR [N PRACTICES 9TO ?AT VA/ RIV] ( TR\BL$ WAT] ( CRIM9ALITY & MORE BANAL ILLEGALITIES1 :I* IRRIGATES ! :OLE ( PRES5T SOCIETY2 BUT IT IS ALSO JU/ TO AGREE ?AT H]E WE HAVE PEOPLE :O BY !IR V]Y PR(ESSION KN[ BETT] ?AN ! O!RS :AT !Y >E TALK+ AB\T4 ,! ,MAFIA FL\RI%ES 9 ! SOIL ( MOD]N SOCIETY4 ,ITS GR[? IS AS RAPID AS ?AT ( ALL ! O!R PRODUCTS ( ! LABOR BY :I* ! SOCIETY ( ! 9TEGRAT$ SPECTACUL> SOCIETY FA%IONS ITS WORLD4 ,! ,MAFIA GR[S ALONG ) ! IMM5SE PROGRESS ( COMPUT]S & 9DU/RIAL FOOD PROCESS+1.<#d#c.> ) COMPLETE URBAN RECON/RUCTION & *ANTY-T[NS1 SECRET S]VICES & ILLIT]ACY4 

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,:5 IT BEGAN TO MANIFE/ ITSELF AT ! BEG9N+ ( ! C5TURY 9 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES1 ) ! IMMIGRATION ( ,SICILIAN WORK]S1 ! ,MAFIA WAS ONLY A TRANSPLANT$ >*AISM2 AT ! SAME TIME1 !RE APPE>$ ON ! ,WE/ ,COA/ ! GANG W>S BETWE5 ,*9ESE SECRET SOCIETIES4 ,F\ND$ ON OBSCURANTISM & POV]TY1 ! ,MAFIA AT ?AT TIME WAS NOT EV5 ABLE TO IMPLANT ITSELF 9 ,NOR!RN ,ITALY4 ,IT SEEM$ CONDEMN$ TO VANI% BE=E ! MOD]N ,/ATE4 ,IT WAS A =M ( ORGANIZ$ CRIME ?AT C\LD ONLY PROSP] ?R\< ! 'PROTECTION' ( BACKW>D M9ORITIES1 \TSIDE ! WORLD ( ! T[NS1 :]E ! LAWS ( ! B\RGEOISIE & ! CONTROL ( A RATIONAL POLICE =CE C\LD NOT P5ETRATE4 ,! DEF5SIVE TACTICS ( ! ,MAFIA C\LD ONLY SUPPRESS WITNESSES1 NEUTRALIZE ! POLICE & JUDICI>Y1 & 9/ALL AS RUL] 9 ITS SPH]E ( ACTIVITY ! SECRET ?AT IS NECESS>Y TO IT4 ,SUBSEQU5TLY IT F\ND A NEW FIELD 9 ! NEW OBSCURANTISM ( ! SOCIETY ( ! DIFFUSE SPECTACUL>1 !N 9 ITS 9TEGRAT$ =M3 ) ! TOTAL VICTORY ( ! SECRET1 ! G5]AL RESIGNATION ( CITIZ5S1 ! COMPLETE LOSS ( LOGIC1 & UNIV]SAL C[>DICE1 ALL ! FAVORABLE CONDITIONS W]E UNIT$ = IT TO BECOME A MOD]N & (F5SIVE P[]4 

,PROHIBITION 9 ,AM]ICA -- A GREAT EXAMPLE ( ! PRET5SIONS ( ?IS C5TURY'S ,/ATES TO ! AU?ORIT>IAN CONTROL ( EV]Y?+1 & ( ! RESULTS ?AT 5SUE -- LEFT TO ORGANIZ$ CRIME ! MANAGEM5T ( COMM]CE 9 ALCOHOL4 ,! ,MAFIA1 5RI*$ & EXP]I5C$1 MOV$ 9TO ELECTORAL POLITICS1 COMM]CE1 ! DEVELOPM5T ( ! M>KET 9 PR(ESSIONAL KILL]S1 & C]TA9 DETAILS ( 9T]NATIONAL POLITICS4 ,?US1 DUR+ ! ,SECOND ,WORLD ,W>1 IT WAS FAVOR$ BY ! ,U,S GOV]NM5T1 & HELP$ ) ! 9VASION ( ,SICILY4.<#d#d.> ,LEGALIZ$ ALCOHOL WAS REPLAC$ BY DRUGS1 :I* !N CON/ITUT$ ! /> COMMODITY 9 ILLEGAL CONSUMPTION4 ,!N ! ,MAFIA TOOK CONSID]ABLE IMPORTANCE 9 PROP]TY DEAL+1 9 BANK+ & 9 HI<-LEVEL POLITICS & ! GREAT AFFAIRS ( /ATE1 & !N 9 ! 9DU/RIES ( ! SPECTACLE3 TELEVISION1 FILMS & PUBLI%+4 ,9 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES AT LEA/1 IT IS ALREADY 9 ! RECORD+ 9DU/RY1 AS 9 EV]Y O!R ACTIVITY :]E PUBLICITY ( A PRODUCT DEP5DS ON A QUITE CONC5TRAT$ NUMB] ( PEOPLE4 ,IT IS EASY TO APPLY PRESSURE TO !M1 ) BRIBES & 9TIMIDATION1 S9CE !RE IS OBVI\SLY QUITE A GREAT DEAL ( CAPITAL & HITM5 :O CAN NOT BE RECOGNIZ$ NOR PUNI%$4 ,BY CORRUPT+ ! DISC-JOCKEYS1 ONE ?US DECIDES :AT WILL SUCCE$1 FROM EQUALLY WRET*$ COMMODITIES4 

,IT IS UND\BT$LY 9 ,ITALY ?AT ! ,MAFIA1 9 ! WAKE ( ITS EXP]I5CES & CONQUE/S 9 ,AM]ICA1 HAS ACQUIR$ ! GREATE/ /R5G?3 S9CE ! P]IOD ( ITS HI/ORIC COMPROMISE ) ! P>ALLEL GOV]NM5T.<#d#e.>1 IT HAS F\ND ITSELF 9 A POSITION TO KILL MAGI/RATES & POLICE *IEFS3.<#d#f.> A PRACTICE IT 9AUGURAT$ ?R\< ITS P>TICIPATION 9 ! SETT+ UP ( POLITICAL 'T]RORISM4' ,! SIMIL> EVOLUTION ( ! ,MAFIA'S ,JAPANESE EQUIVAL5T1 9 RELATIVELY 9DEP5D5T CONDITIONS1 PROVES ! UNITY ( ! EPO*4 

,ONE DECEIVES ONESELF EV]Y TIME ONE WANTS TO EXPLA9 SOME?+ BY OPPOS+ ! ,MAFIA & ! ,/ATE3 !Y >E NEV] RIVALS4 ,!ORY EASILY V]IFIES :AT ALL ! RUMORS 9 PRACTICAL LIFE HAVE ALL TOO EASILY %[N4 ,! ,MAFIA IS NOT AN \TSID] 9 ?IS WORLD2 IT IS P]FECTLY AT HOME 9 IT4 ,AT ! MOM5T ( ! 9TEGRAT$ SPECTACUL>1 IT 9 FACT REIGNS AS ! MODEL = ALL ADVANC$ COMM]CIAL 5T]PRISES4 

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,) ! NEW CONDITIONS ?AT N[ PR$OM9ATE 9 ! SOCIETY CRU%$ UND] ! IRON HEEL ( ! SPECTACLE1 ONE KN[S1 = EXAMPLE1 ?AT A POLITICAL ASSASS9ATION F9DS ITSELF PLAC$ 9 ANO!R LI<T2 CAN 9 A S5SE BE SIFT$4 ,EV]Y:]E ! MAD >E MORE NUM]\S ?AN BE=E1 BUT :AT IS 9F9ITELY MORE CONV5I5T IS ?AT !Y CAN BE TALK$ AB\T MADLY4 ,& IT IS NOT SOME K9D ( REIGN ( T]ROR ?AT IMPOSES SU* M$IATIC EXPLANATIONS4 ,ON ! CONTR>Y1 IT IS ! PEACEFUL EXI/5CE ( SU* EXPLANATIONS :I* %\LD CAUSE T]ROR4 

,:5 9 #a#i#a#d1 ! W> BE+ IMM95T1 ,VILLA9 ASSASS9AT$ ,JAURES1 NO ONE D\BT$ ?AT ,VILLA91 ?\< )\T D\BT A SOME:AT UNBALANC$ MAN1 HAD BELIEV$ HE HAD TO KILL ,JAURES1 BECAUSE 9 ! EYES ( ! EXTREMI/S ( ! PATRIOTIC RI<T :O HAD DEEPLY 9FLU5C$ HIM1 ,JAURES SEEM$ TO BE SOMEONE :O W\LD C]TA9LY BE H>MFUL TO ! C\NTRY'S DEF5SE4 ,!SE EXTREMI/S HAD ONLY UND]E/IMAT$ ! TREM5D\S /R5G? ( PATRIOTIC CONS5T )9 ! ,SOCIALI/ ,P>TY1 :I* W\LD IMM$IATELY PU% IT 9TO 0! SACR$ UNION10 :E!R OR NOT ,JAURES WAS ASSASS9AT$ OR ALL[$ ! OCCASION TO HOLD TO HIS 9T]NATIONALI/ POSITION 9 REJECT+ ! W>4 ,TODAY1 9 ! PRES5CE ( SU* AN EV5T1 J\RNALI/S_/POLICE (FIC]S & WELL-KN[N EXP]TS ON ! 'FACTS ( SOCIETY' & 'T]RORISM' W\LD IMM$IATELT EXPLA9 ?AT ,VILLA9 WAS WELL KN[N = HAV+ SEV]AL TIMES SKET*$ \T ATTEMPT$ MURD]S1 ! IMPULSE EA* TIME SEE+ M5 :O1 DESPITE ! V>IETY ( !IR POLITICAL OP9IONS1 ALL BY *ANCE LOOK$ & DRESS$ RA!R LIKE ,JAURES4 ,PSY*IATRI/S W\LD ATTE/ TO ?IS1 & ! M$IA1 ONLY ATTE/+ TO :AT ! PSY*IATRI/S HAD SAID1 W\LD ?US ATTE/ TO1 BY ! SAME FACT1 !IR [N COMPET5CE & IMP>TIALITY AS 9COMP>ABLY AU?ORIZ$ EXP]TS4 ,! NEXT DAY1 ! (FICIAL POLICE 9VE/IGATION W\LD E/ABLI% ?AT ONE DISCOV]$ SEV]AL HONORABLE PEOPLE READY TO BE> WITNESS TO ! FACT ?AT ?IS SAME ,VILLA91 CONSID]+ HE HAD BE5 RUDELY S]V$ AT ! ',*OPE DU ,CROISSANT1' HAD1 9 !IR PRES5CE1 L\DLY ?REAT5$ TO TAKE REV5GE ON ITS PROPRIETOR BY MURD]+1 9 FRONT ( EV]YONE & ON ! PREMISES1 ONE ( HIS BE/ CU/OM]S4.<#d#g.> 

,?IS IS NOT TO SAY ?AT1 9 ! PA/1 ! TRU? (T5 OR QUICKLY IMPOS$ ITSELF1 = ,VILLA9 WAS EV5TUALLY ACQUITT$ BY ! ,FR5* C\RTS4 ,HE WAS NOT %OT UNTIL #a#i#c#f1 AT ! />T ( ! ,SPANI% REVOLUTION1 BECAUSE HE HAD COMMITT$ ! IMPRUD5CE ( RESID+ AT ! ,BALE>IC ,ISL&S4 

,X,X,V,I4 

,IT IS BECAUSE ( ! NEW CONDITIONS ( A PR(ITABLE H&L+ ( ECONOMIC AFFAIRS1 AT ! MOM5T :5 ! ,/ATE HOLDS A HEGEMONIC P>T 9 ! ORI5TATION ( PRODUCTION & :5 ! DEM& = ALL ( ! COMMODITIES DEP5DS /RICTLY ON ! C5TRALIZATION A*IEV$ BY SPECTACUL> 9=MATION_/PROMOTION1 TO :I* ALL =MS ( DI/RIBUTION MU/ ALSO ADAPT1 ?AT ONE SEES ! IMP]ATIVE DEM& ?AT NETWORKS ( 9FLU5CE OR SECRET SOCIETIES CON/ITUTE !MSELVES EV]Y:]E4 ,IT IS ?US ONLY A NATURAL PRODUCT ( ! MOVEM5T ( CONC5TRATION ( CAPITAL1 PRODUCTION & DI/RIBUTION4 ,:ATEV] DOES NOT SPREAD MU/ DISAPPE>2 & BUS9ESSES CAN ONLY SPREAD ) ! VALUES1 TE*NIQUES & MEANS ( TODAY'S 9DU/RY1 SPECTACLE & ,/ATE4 ,IT IS1 9 ! F9AL ANALYSIS1 ! P>TICUL> DEVELOPM5T ?AT HAS BE5 *OS5 BY ! ECONOMY ( \R ]A ?AT IMPOSES EV]Y:]E ! =MATION ( NEW P]SONAL L9KS ( DEP5D5CY & PROTECTION4 

,IT IS PRECISELY H]E ?AT RESIDES ! PR(\ND TRU? ( ?IS =MULA1 SO WELL APPRECIAT$ ?R\<\T ,ITALY1 US$ BY ! ,SICILIAN ,MAFIA3 0,:5 Y\'VE GOT MONEY & FRI5DS1 Y\ CAN LAU< AT ,JU/ICE40 ,9 ! 9TEGRAT$ SPECTACUL>1 ! LAWS >E ASLEEP2 BECAUSE !Y W]E NOT MADE = ! NEW PRODUCTION TE*NIQUES1 & BECAUSE !Y >E \TFLANK$ 9 DI/RIBUTION BY NEW TYPES ( AGREEM5T4 ,:AT ! PUBLIC ?9KS1 OR PREF]S1 IS NO LONG] ( IMPORTANCE4 ,?IS IS :AT IS HIDD5 BY ! SPECTACLE ( SO MANY OP9ION POLLS1 ELECTIONS1 MOD]NIZ+ RE/RUCTUR+S4 ,NO MATT] :O ! W9N]S >E1 ! AMIABLE CLI5TELE WILL GET :AT'S 9F]IOR1 BECAUSE ?AT IS EXACTLY :AT HAS BE5 PRODUC$ = IT4 

,ONE ONLY CONT9UALLY SPEAKS ( A 0,/ATE ( RI<TS0 S9CE ! MOM5T ?AT ! MOD]N1 SO-CALL$ DEMOCRATIC ,/ATE G5]ALLY CEAS$ TO BE ONE3 IT IS NOT BY *ANCE ?AT ! EXPRESSION WAS ONLY POPUL>IZ$ %ORTLY AFT] #aig & EXACTLY 9 ,ITALY4 ,9 MANY DOMA9S1 LAWS >E EV5 MADE PRECISELY SO ?AT !Y MAY BE \TFLANK$ BY EXACTLY ?OSE :O HAVE ALL ! MEANS TO DO SO4 ,ILLEGALITY 9 SOME CIRCUM/ANCES -- = EXAMPLE1 >\ND ! GLOBAL TRADE 9 ALL SORTS ( WEAPONRY1 MO/ (T5 CONC]N+ ! PRODUCTS ( ! HI<E/ TE*NOLOGY -- IS ONLY A K9D ( BACK-UP = ! ECONOMIC OP]ATION1 :I* WILL F9D ITSELF ALL ! MORE PR(ITABLE4 ,TODAY MANY BUS9ESS DEALS >E NECESS>ILY AS DI%ONE/ AS ! C5TURY1 & NOT LIKE ?OSE ONCE MADE )9 A /RICTLY LIMIT$ RANGE BY PEOPLE :O HAD *OS5 ! PA?S ( DI%ONE/Y4 

,TO ! EXT5T ?AT ! NETWORKS ( PROMOTION_/CONTROL GR[ SO AS TO M>K & HOLD ON TO EXPLOITABLE SECTORS ( ! M>KET1 !RE IS ALSO AN 9CREASE 9 ! NUMB] ( P]SONAL S]VICES :I* CAN NOT BE REFUS$ TO ?OSE 9 ! KN[ & :O HAVE NOT REFUS$ !IR HELP2 & !SE >E NOT ALWAYS ! POLICE OR GU>DIANS ( ! 9T]E/S & SECURITY ( ! ,/ATE4 ,FUNCTIONAL COMPLICITIES COMMUNICATE AT A DI/ANCE & = A V]Y LONG TIME1 BECAUSE !IR NETWORKS DISPOSE ( ALL ! MEANS TO IMPOSE ?OSE S5TIM5TS ( RECOGNITION & FIDELITY ?AT1 UN=TUNATELY1 HAVE ALWAYS BE5 SO R>E 9 ! FREE ACTIVITY ( B\RGEOIS TIMES4 

,ONE ALWAYS LE>NS SOME?+ FROM ONE'S ADV]S>Y4 ,IT IS NECESS>Y TO BELIEVE ?AT ! PEOPLE ( ! ,/ATE HAVE ALSO READ ! Y\NG ,LUKACS' REM>KS ON ! CONCEPTS ( LEGALITY & ILLEGALITY2 AT ! MOM5T ?AT !Y HAD TO DEAL ) ! BRIEF PASSAGE ( A NEW G5]ATION ( ! NEGATIVE.<#d#h.> -- ,HOM] SAID ?AT 0,A G5]ATION ( M5 PASSES AS QUICKLY AS A G5]ATION ( LEAVES40 ,S9CE !N1 ! PEOPLE ( ! ,/ATE HAVE1 LIKE US1 CEAS$ TO TR\BLE !MSELVES ) ANY K9D ( IDEOLOGY ON ! QUE/ION2 & IT IS TRUE ?AT ! PRACTICES ( SPECTACUL> SOCIETY NO LONG] FAVOR IDEOLOGICAL ILLUSIONS ( ?IS K9D4 ,F9ALLY1 CONC]N+ US ALL1 ONE C\LD CONCLUDE ?AT :AT HAS (T5 PREV5T$ US FROM 5CLOS+ \RSELVES 9 A S+LE ILLEGAL ACTIVITY IS ! FACT ?AT WE HAVE HAD SEV]AL4 

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,9 BOOK ,V,I,I,I1 *APT] #e ( ,! ,PELOPONNESIAN ,W>1 ,?UCYDIDES SAID1 CONC]N+ ! OP]ATIONS ( ANO!R OLIG>*IC CONSPIRACY1 SOME?+ ?AT HAS RELEVANCE TO ! SITUATION 9 :I* WE F9D \RSELVES3 

,?OSE :O TOOK ! FLOOR W]E ( ! CONSPIRACY & ! SPEE*ES ?AT !Y PRON\NC$ HAD BE5 SUBMITT$ 9 ADVANCE TO ! EXAM9ATION ( !IR FRI5DS4 ,NO OPPOSITION MANIFE/$ ITSELF AMONG ! REMA9D] ( ! CITIZ5S1 :O W]E FRI<T5$ BY ! NUMB] ( CONSPIRATORS4 ,:5 SOMEONE TRI$1 DESPITE EV]Y?+1 TO CONTRADICT !M1 ONE SOON F\ND A CONV5I5T WAY ( MAK+ HIM DIE4 ,! MURD]]S W]5'T F\ND & NO PURSUIT WAS MADE ( ?OSE ONE SUSPECT$4 ,! PEOPLE DIDN'T REACT & W]E SO T]RORIZ$ ?AT !Y E/IMAT$ !MSELVES HAPPY1 EV5 9 REMA9+ MUTE1 IF !Y ESCAP$ ! VIOL5CE4 ,BELIEV+ ! CONSPIRATORS MU* MORE NUM]\S ?AN !Y W]E1 ! PEOPLE FELT COMPLETELY IMPOT5T4 ,! T[N WAS TOO L>GE & !Y DIDN'T QUITE KN[ EA* O!R1 SO ?AT IT WAS NOT POSSIBLE = !M TO DISCOV] :AT IT REALLY WAS4 ,9 !SE CONDITIONS1 SO %AMEFUL W]E ! PEOPLE ?AT !Y C\LD NOT CONFIDE !IR GRIEF TO ANYONE4 ,?US1 ONE HAD TO R5\NCE 5GAG+ 9 AN ACTION AGA9/ ! GUILTY ONES1 BECAUSE IT W\LD HAVE BE5 NECESS>Y TO ADDRESS ONESELF EI!R TO AN UNKN[N P]SON OR A P]SON ( KN[L$GE 9 :OM ONE DIDN'T HAVE CONFID5CE4 ,9 ! DEMOCRATIC P>TY1 P]SONAL RELATIONS W]E EV]Y:]E /AMP$ ) SCORN1 & ONE ALWAYS ASK$ ONESELF IF HE ) :OM ONE HAD BUS9ESS WASN'T CONIV+ ) ! CONSPIRATORS4 ,!RE W]E ACTUALLY AMONG ! CONSPIRATORS M5 :OM ONE C\LD NEV] BELIEVE ?AT !Y HAD RALLI$ !MSELVES TO ! OLIG>*Y4.<#d#i.> 

,IF HI/ORY %\LD RETURN TO US AFT] ?IS ECLIPSE1 :I* DEP5DS ON FACTORS /ILL 9 /RUGGLE & ?US ON AN \TCOME :I* NO ONE CAN EXCLUDE ) C]TA9TY1 !SE ,COMM5TS MAY ONE DAY S]VE 9 ! WRIT+ ( A HI/ORY ( ! SPECTACLE2 )\T ANY D\BT ! MO/ IMPORTANT EV5T TO HAVE OCCURR$ ?IS C5TURY1 & ALSO ! EV5T ?AT ONE LEA/ V5TURES TO EXPLA94 ,9 DIFF]5T CIRCUM/ANCES1 ,I BELIEVE ,I C\LD HAVE CONSID]$ MYSELF GREATLY SATISFI$ ) MY FIR/ WORK ON ?IS SUBJECT1 & LEFT IT TO O!RS TO CONSID] SUBSEQU5T DEVELOPM5TS4 ,BUT 9 ! MOM5T AT :I* WE >E1 IT SEEM$ TO ME ?AT NO ONE ELSE W\LD DO IT4 

,X,X,V,I,I,I4 

,FROM ! NETWORKS ( PROMOTION_/CONTROL ONE SLIDES IMP]CEPTIBLY 9TO NETWORKS ( SURVEILLANCE_/DIS9=MATION4 ,=M]LY1 ONE ONLY EV] CONSPIR$ AGA9/ AN E/ABLI%$ ORD]4 ,TODAY1 CONSPIR+ 9 ITS FAVOR IS A NEW & RAPIDLY DEVELOP+ TRADE4 ,UND] SPECTACUL> DOM9ATION1 ONE CONSPIRES TO MA9TA9 IT1 & TO GU>ANTEE :AT IT ALONE W\LD CALL ITS PROGRESS4 ,?IS CONSPIRACY IS A P>T ( ITS V]Y FUNCTION+4 

,ONE HAS ALREADY BEGUN TO PUT 9 PLACE SEV]AL MEANS = A K9D ( PREV5TIVE CIVIL W>1 ADAPT$ TO DIFF]5T PROJECTIONS ( ! CALCULAT$ FUTURE4 ,!SE >E ! 'SPECIFIC ORGANIZATIONS' *>G$ ) 9T]V5+ AT SEV]AL PO9TS1 ACCORD+ TO ! NE$S ( ! 9TEGRAT$ SPECTACUL>4.<#e.> ,ONE HAS ?US =ESE51 = ! WOR/ POSSIBILITIES1 A TACTIC ?AT1 9 A PLEASANTRY1 HAS BE5 CALL$ ',?REE ,CULTURES1' AN EVOCATION ( A SQU>E 9 ,MEXICO ,CITY 9 ! SUMM] ( #a#i#f#h1.<#e#a.> ?\< ?IS TIME ! GLOVES WILL BE (F & ! TACTIC WILL BE APPLI$ BE=E ! DAY ( ! REVOLT4 ,& BEYOND SU* EXTREME CASES1 IT IS NOT NECESS>Y1 SO AS TO TO BE A GOOD MEANS ( GOV]NM5T1 ?AT ! UNEXPLA9$ ASSASS9ATION T\*ES MU* ( ! WORLD OR RETURNS QUITE FREQU5TLY3 ! SOLE FACT ?AT ONE KN[S ?AT ITS POSSIBILITY EXI/S IMM$IATELY COMPLICATES CALCULATIONS 9 A V]Y L>GE NUMB] ( DOMA9S4 ,IT NO LONG] NE$S TO BE 9TELLIG5TLY SELECTIVE1 AD HOM9EM4 ,! USE ( ! PROC$URE 9 A PURELY ALEATORY FA%ION W\LD P]HAPS BE MORE PRODUCTIVE4 

,ONE IS ALSO PLAC$ 9 A POSITION TO COMPOSE FRAGM5TS ( A SOCIAL CRITIQUE ( RE>+1.<#e#b.> :I* W\LD NO LONG] BE 5TRU/$ TO ACADEMICS OR M$IATICS1 :OM IT IS H5CE=? BETT] TO KEEP AP>T FROM ! EXCESSIVELY TRADITIONAL LIES 9 ?IS DEBATE2 BUT A BETT] CRITIQUE1 ADVANC$ & EXPLOIT$ 9 A NEW WAY1 H&L$ BY ANO!R1 BETT] TRA9$ SPECIES ( PR(ESSIONAL4 ,9 A QUITE CONFID5TIAL MANN]1 LUCID TEXTS >E BEG9N+ TO APPE>1 ANONYM\SLY1 OR SIGN$ BY UNKN[N AU?ORS -- A TACTIC MOREOV] FACILLIAT$ BY ! CONC5TRATION ( ! ATT5TIONS ( ALL ON ! CL[NS ( ! SPECTACLE1 :I* MAKES UNKN[N PEOPLE APPE> EXACTLY ! MO/ ADMIRABLE -- NOT ONLY ON SUBJECTS NEV] APPROA*$ 9 ! SPECTACLE BUT ALSO ) >GUM5TS ( :I* ! JU/NESS IS R5D]$ MORE /RIK+ BY ! CALCULABLE SPECIES ( ORIG9ALITY1 :I* COMES FROM ! FACT ?AT !Y >E NEV] US$1 DESPITE BE+ QUITE EVID5T4 ,?IS PRACTICE CAN S]VE AT LEA/ AS A FIR/ /AGE 9 9ITIATION TO RECRUIT MORE AL]T M9DS1 :O WILL LAT] BE TOLD A MU* L>G] %>E ( ! POSSIBLE CONSEQU5CES1 IF !Y SEEM SUITABLE4 ,& :AT = C]TA9 PEOPLE WILL BE ! FIR/ /EP 9 A C>E]1 WILL BE = O!RS ) A L[] RANK+ ! FIR/ DEGREE ( A TRAP 9 :I* ONE TAKES !M4 

,9 C]TA9 CASES1 ON QUE/IONS ?AT ?REAT5 TO BECOME CONTROV]SIAL1 IT WILL BE A MATT] ( CREAT+ ANO!R PSEUDO-CRITIQUE2 & BETWE5 ! TWO OP9IONS :I* WILL ?US >ISE -- BO? =EIGN TO IMPOV]I%$ SPECTACUL> CONV5TIONS -- NAIVE JUDGM5T CAN OSCILLATE 9DEF9ITELY1 & ! DISCUSSION WEI<+ UPON !M CAN BE R5EW$ EA* TIME ?AT IT IS FITT+4 ,MO/ (T5 ?IS CONC]NS A G5]AL DISC\RSE ON :AT IS M$IATICALLY HIDD51 & ?IS DISCUSSION CAN BE /RONGLY CRITICAL1 & ON SOME PO9TS OBVI\SLY 9TELLIG5T1 YET REMA9+ CURI\SLY DEC5T]$4 ,! !MES & WORDS HAVE BE5 >TIFICIALLY SELECT$1 ) ! AID ( COMPUT]S 9=M$ 9 CRITICAL ?\<T4 ,!SE TEXTS CONTA9 C]TA9 GAPS1 QUITE H>D TO SPOT BUT NONE!LESS REM>KABLE3 ! VANI%+ PO9T ( P]SPECTIVE IS ALWAYS ABNORMALLY ABS5T4 ,!Y RESEMBLE ?OSE FACSIMILES ( A FAM\S WEAPON1 :I* ONLY LACKS ! FIR+-P94 ,?IS IS NECESS>ILY A LAT]AL CRITIQUE1 :I* P]CEIVES SEV]AL ?+S ) MU* FRANKNESS & EXACTNESS1 BUT PLACES ITSELF TO ! SIDE4 ,NOT BECAUSE IT AFFECTS SOME SORT ( IMP>TIALITY1 BECAUSE ON ! CONTR>Y IT MU/ SEEM TO F9D MU* FAULT1 BUT )\T EV] APP>5TLY FEEL+ ! NE$ TO REVEAL ITS CAUSE1 ?US TO /ATE1 EV5 IMPLICITLY1 :]E IT IS COM+ FROM & :]E IT WANTS TO GO4 

,TO ?IS K9D ( C\NT]-J\RNALI/IC FALSE CRITIQUE CAN BE JO9$ ! ORGANIZ$ PRACTICE ( ! RUMOR1 :I* ONE KN[S TO BE ORIG9ALLY A SORT ( WILD RANSOM ( SPECTACUL> 9=MATION1 S9CE EV]YONE1 H[EV] VAGUELY1 P]CEIVES A DECEPTIVE *>ACT] 9 ! LATT] & TRU/S IT AS LITTLE AS IT DES]VES4 ,RUMOR WAS AT ! ORIG9 SUP]/ITI\S1 NAIVE1 SELF-POISON+4 ,MORE REC5TLY1 H[EV]1 SURVEILLANCE HAS BEGUN 9TRODUC+ 9TO ! POPULATION PEOPLE SUSCEPTIBLE ( IMM$IATELY />T+ RUMORS ?AT SUIT IT4 ,H]E ONE HAS DECID$ TO APPLY 9 PRACTICE ! OBS]VATIONS ( A !ORY =MULAT$ SOME ?IRTY YE>S AGO1 & ( :I* ! ORIG9S LIE 9 ,AM]ICAN SOCIOLOGY ( ADV]TIS+3 ! !ORY ( 9DIVIDUALS KN[N AS 'TR5D-SETT]S1' ?AT IS1 ?OSE :OM O!RS 9 !IR MILIEU COME TO FOLL[ & IMITATE2 BUT 9 PASS+ ?IS TIME FROM SPONTANEITY TO WELL-REHE>S$4 ,BUDGET>Y1 OR EXTRABUDGET>Y1 MEANS HAVE ALSO BE5 RELEAS$ TO MA9TA9 NUM]\S AUXILI>IES1 BESIDES ! =M] ACADEMIC & M$IATIC SPECIALI/S1 ! SOCIOLOGI/S & POLICE ( ! REC5T PA/4 ,TO BELIEVE ?AT MODELS KN[N 9 ! PA/ >E /ILL ME*ANICALLY APPLI$ IS AS MISLEAD+ AS A G5]AL IGNORANCE ( ! PA/4 0,ROME IS NO LONG] 9 ,ROME10.<#e#c.> & ! ,MAFIA IS NO LONG] ! UND]WORLD4 ,& ! SURVEILLANCE & DIS9=MATION S]VICES AS LITTLE RESEMBLE ! WORKS ( ! POLICE & 9=M]S ( =M] TIMES -- = EXAMPLE1 ! R\SS9S & M\*>DS ( ! ,SECOND ,EMPIRE -- AS CURR5T-DAY SPECIAL S]VICES 9 ALL C\NTRIES RESEMBLE ! ACTIVITIES ( ! (FIC]S ( ! ,SECOND ,BUREAU ( ! >MY'S HEADQU>T]S 9 #a#i#a#d4 

,S9CE >T IS DEAD1 IT HAS BECOME EXTREMELY EASY TO DISGUISE POLICE AS >TI/S4 ,:5 ! LATE/ IMITATIONS ( AN 9V]T$ NEO-,DADAISM >E AU?ORIZ$ TO PONTIFICATE GLORI\SLY 9 ! M$IA1 & ?US ALSO TO SLI<TLY MODIFY ! DECOR ( (FICIAL PALACES1 LIKE C\RT JE/]S TO ! K+S ( JUNK1 ONE SEES ?AT BY ! SAME MOVEM5T A CULTURAL COV] IS GU>ANTE$ = ALL ! AG5TS OR AUXILI>IES ( ! ,/ATE'S NETWORKS ( 9FLU5CE4.<#e#d.> ,EMPTY PSEUDO-MUSEUMS1 OR PSEUDO-RESE>* C5T]S ON ! COMPLETE WORKS ( NONEXI/5T P]SONALITIES1 CAN BE OP5$ JU/ AS FA/ AS REPUTATIONS >E MADE = J\RNALI/-COPS1 HI/ORIAN-COPS1 OR NOVELI/-COPS4 ,NO D\BT ,>?UR ,CRAVAN =ESAW ?IS WORLD :5 HE WROTE 9 ,MA9T5ANT3 0,SOON WE WILL ONLY SEE >TI/S 9 ! /REETS1 & IT WILL TAKE ALL ! TR\BLES ( ! WORLD TO F9D A S+LE MAN40 ,?IS IS 9DE$ ! S5SE ( ! REVIV$ =M ( AN OLD QUIP ( ,P>ISIAN HOODLUMS3 0,HI1 >TI/S6 ,SO MU* ! WORSE IF ,I DECEIVE MYSELF40.<#e#e.> 

,?+S HAV+ BECOME :AT !Y >E1 ONE CAN N[ SEE ! USE ( COLLECTIVE AU?OR%IP BY ! MO/ MOD]N PUBLI%+ H\SE1 ?AT IS TO SAY1 ! ONE ) ! BE/ COMM]CIAL DI/RIBUTION4 ,S9CE ! AU!NTICITY ( PSEUDONYMS >E ONLY ASSUR$ BY ! NEWSPAP]S1 !Y CAN SWAP !M >\ND1 COLLABORATE1 REPLACE EA* O!R1 5LI/ NEW >TIFICIAL BRA9S4 ,!IR TASK IS TO EXPRESS ! LIFE/YLES & ?\<T ( ! ]A1 NOT BY VIRTUE ( !IR P]SONALITIES1 BUT BECAUSE !Y >E ORD]$ TO4 ,?OSE :O BELIEVE ?AT !Y >E V]ITABLY 9DIVIDUAL1 LIT]>Y 5TREP5EURS CAN ?US V\* = ! FACT ?AT ,DUCASSE HAS HAD A R[ ) ! ,COMTE DE ,LAUTREAMONT1 ?AT ,DUMAS ISN'T ,MAQUET & ?AT WE MU/ ESPECIALLY NOT CONFUSE ,]CKMANN ) ,*ATRIAN2 ?AT ,C5SI] & ,DAUB5TON >E NO LONG] ON SPEAK+ T]MS4.<#e#f.> ,IT MI<T BE BE/ TO SAY ?AT ?IS TYPE ( MOD]N AU?OR WAS A FOLL[] ( ,RIMBAUD1 AT LEA/ 9 SO F> AS 0,I IS ANO!R40 

,! :OLE HI/ORY ( SPECTACUL> SOCIETY CALL$ = ! SECRET S]VICES TO PLAY ! PIVOTAL ROLE2 BECAUSE IT IS 9 !M ?AT ! *>ACT]I/ICS & MEANS ( EXECUTION ( SU* A SOCIETY >E CONC5TRAT$ TO ! HI<E/ DEGREE4 ,!Y >E ALWAYS FUR!R TASK$ ) >BITRAT+ ! G5]AL 9T]E/S ( ?IS SOCIETY1 DESPITE !IR MODE/ TITLE ( 'S]VICES4' ,!RE IS NO ABUSE H]E1 = !Y FAI?FULLY EXPRESS ! ORD9>Y MORALS ( ! C5TURY ( ! SPECTACLE4 ,& IT IS ?US ?AT SURVEILL]S & ?OSE SURVEILL$ SET =? ON A B\NDLESS OCEAN4 ,! SPECTACLE HAS MADE ! SECRET TRIUMPH1 & MU/ ALWAYS BE 9 ! H&S ( SPECIALI/S 9 ! SECRET1 :O ( C\RSE >E NOT ALL ( ! FUNCTION>IES :O HAVE TO DIFF]5T DEGREES MADE !MSELVES AUTONOM\S ) RESPECT TO ,/ATE CONTROL2 :O >E NOT ALL ( ! FUNCTION>IES4 

,X,X,I,X4 

,A G5]AL LAW ( ! FUNCTION+ ( ! 9TEGRAT$ SPECTACUL>1 AT LEA/ = ?OSE :O MANAGE ITS ADM9I/RATION1 IS ?AT1 9 ?IS FRAMEWORK1 EV]Y?+ :I* CAN BE DONE1 MU/ BE DONE4 ,?IS IS TO SAY ?AT EV]Y NEW 9/RUM5T MU/ BE EMPLOY$1 :ATEV] ! CO/4 ,NEW EQUIPM5T BECOMES ! GOAL & ! DRIV+ =CE ( ! 5TIRE SY/EM1 & WILL BE ! ONLY ?+ :I* CAN NOTABLY MODIFY ITS PROGRESS1 EA* TIME ITS USE IS IMPOS$ )\T FUR!R REFLECTION4 ,SOCIETY'S [N]S 9DE$ WANT ABOVE ALL TO MA9TA9 A C]TA9 'SOCIAL RELATION BETWE5 PEOPLE1' BUT !Y MU/ ALSO PURSUE 9CESSANT TE*NOLOGICAL 9NOVATION2 BECAUSE SU* WAS ONE ( ! OBLIGATIONS ?AT !Y ACCEPT$ ) !IR 9H]ITANCE4 ,?IS LAW ?US APPLIES EQUALLY TO ! S]VICES ?AT SAFEGU>D DOM9ATION4 ,! 9/RUM5T ?AT HAS BE5 COMPLET$ MU/ BE US$1 & ITS USE WILL RE9=CE ! V]Y CONDITIONS ?AT FAVOR ?IS USE4 ,IT IS ?US ?AT EM]G5CY PROC$URES BECOME P]MAN5T4 

,! COH]5CE ( ! SOCIETY ( ! SPECTACLE PROVES REVOLUTION>IES RI<T1 S9CE IT HAS BECOME CLE> ?AT ONE CANNOT RE=M ! POORE/ DETAIL )\T TAK+ ! :OLE ?+ AP>T4 ,BUT1 AT ! SAME TIME1 ?IS COH]5CE HAS SUPPRESS$ EV]Y ORGANIZ$ REVOLUTION>Y T5D5CY BY SUPPRESS+ ! SOCIAL T]RA9S :]E !Y HAD MORE OR LESS EXPRESS$ !MSELVES3 FROM TRADE UNIONS TO NEWSPAP]S1 T[NS TO BOOKS4 ,9 ! SAME MOVEM5T1 ONE HAS HI<LI<T$ ! 9COMPET5CE & ?\<TLESSNESS ( :I* ?IS T5D5CY WAS QUITE NATURALLY ! BE>]4 ,& ON ! 9DIVIDUAL LEVEL1 ! REIGN+ COH]5CE IS QUITE CAPABLE ( ELIM9AT+1 OR BUY+ (F C]TA9 POSSIBLE EXCEPTIONS4 

,X,X,X4 

,SURVEILLANCE W\LD BE MU* MORE DANG]\S HAD IT NOT BE5 PU%$ ALONG ! PA? ( ABSOLUTE CONTROL ( EV]YONE1 TO ! PO9T :]E IT 5C\NT]S DIFFICULTIES CREAT$ BY ITS [N PROGRESS4 ,!RE IS A CONTRADICTION BETWE5 ! MASS ( 9=MATION COLLECT$ ON A GR[+ NUMB] ( 9DIVIDUALS1 & ! TIME & 9TELLIG5CE AVAILABLE TO ANALYZE IT1 OR SIMPLY ITS ACTUAL 9T]E/4 ,! ABUNDANCE ( MAT]IAL DEM&S SUMM>IZ+ AT EA* /AGE3 MU* ( IT WILL DISAPPE> & :AT REMA9S WILL /ILL BE TOO LONG TO BE READ4 ,MANAGEM5T ( SURVEILLANCE & MANIPULATION IS NOT UNIFI$4 ,9DE$ !RE IS A WIDESPREAD /RUGGLE = A %>E ( ! PR(ITS1 & ?US ALSO = ! PRIORITY ( ! DEVELOPM5T ( ?IS OR ?AT POT5TIAL 9 ! EXI/+ SOCIETY1 TO ! DETRIM5T ( ! O!R POT5TIALS1 :I* NONE!LESS1 SO LONG AS !Y >E ALL P>T ( ! SAME MIX1 >E CONSID]$ EQUALLY RESPECTABLE4 

,ONE ALSO /RUGGLES ?R\< PLAY4 ,EA* (FIC] IS L$ TO OV]-VALUE HIS AG5TS1 AS WELL AS ! OPPON5TS' AG5TS ) :OM HE OCCUPIES HIMSELF4 ,EA* C\NTRY1 NOT TO M5TION ! NUM]\S SUPRANATIONAL ALLIANCES1 CURR5TLY POSSESSES AN UNDET]M9$ NUMB] ( POLICE & C\NT]-ESPIONAGE S]VICES1 ALONG ) SECRET S]VICES1 BO? ,/ATE & P>A-,/ATE4 ,!RE >E ALSO MANY PRIVATE COMPANIES DEAL+ 9 SURVEILLANCE1 SECURITY & 9VE/IGATION4 ,! L>GE MULT9ATIONALS NATURALLY HAVE !IR [N S]VICES2 BUT SO DO NATIONALIZ$ COMPANIES1 EV5 ?OSE ( MODE/ SCALE1 :I* NO LESS PURSUE 9DEP5D5T POLICIES AT A NATIONAL & SOMETIMES AN 9T]NATIONAL LEVEL4 ,ONE CAN SEE ?AT AN 9DU/RIAL NUCLE> GR\P WILL FI<T AGA9/ AN OIL GR\P1 EV5 ?\< BO? >E ! PROP]TY ( ! SAME ,/ATE &1 :AT IS MORE1 >E DIALECTICALLY UNIT$ BY !IR ATTA*M5T TO MA9TA9+ HI< OIL PRICES ON ! WORLD M>KET4 ,EA* P>TICUL> 9DU/RY'S SECURITY S]VICE COMBATS SABOTAGE1 & NE$S TO ORGANIZE IT AGA9/ !IR RIVALS3 A COMPANY ) IMPORTANT 9T]E/S 9 UND]SEA TUNNELS WILL BE FAVORABLY DISPOS$ TO ! 9SECURITY ( F]RY-BOATS .<,5GLI% 9 ORIG9AL.> & MAY BRIBE NEWSPAP]S 9 F9ANCIAL TR\BLE TO 5SURE !Y M5TION IT ON ! FIR/ POSSIBLE OCCASION & )\T TOO MU* REFLECTION2 A COMPANY COMPET+ ) ,S&OZ WILL BE 9DIFF]5T TO GR\ND WAT] 9 ! ,RH9E VALLEY4 ,ONE SECRETLY SURVEILLS :AT IS SECRET4 ,?US EA* ( !SE ORGANIZATIONS1 CONF$]AT$ ) FLEXIBILITY >\ND ?OSE :O >E 9 *>GE ( ! REASON ( ! ,/ATE1 ASPIRES1 = ITS [N ACC\NT1 TO A SPECIES ( PRIVATE HEGEMONY ( MEAN+4 ,BECAUSE MEAN+ HAS BE5 LO/ ALONG ) ! KN[ABLE C5T]4 

,MOD]N SOCIETY1 :I*1 UP TO #a#i#f#h1 W5T FROM SUCCESS TO SUCCESS1 & WAS P]SUAD$ ?AT IT WAS LOV$1 HAS S9CE !N HAD TO R5\NCE !SE DREAMS2 IT PREF]S TO BE FE>$4 ,IT KN[S FULL WELL ?AT 0ITS 9NOC5T AIR WILL NO LONG] RETURN40.<#e#g.> 

,?US1 A ?\S& ( CONSPIRACIES 9 FAVOR ( ! E/ABLI%$ ORD] TANGLE & CLA% ALMO/ EV]Y:]E1 ) ! OV]LAPP+ ( NETWORKS & SECRET QUE/IONS OR ACTIONS ALWAYS PU%$ H>D]2 & ! PROCESS ( RAPID 9TEGRATION IS PU%$ 9TO EA* BRAN* ( ! ECONOMY1 POLITICS & CULTURE4 ,! DEGREE ( 9T]M+L+ 9 SURVEILLANCE1 DIS9=MATION & SPECIAL ACTIVITIES CONT9UALLY GR[S 9 ALL >EAS ( SOCIAL LIFE4 ,! G5]AL CONSPIRACY HAS BECOME SO D5SE ?AT IT IS ALMO/ \T 9 ! OP51 EA* ( ITS BRAN*ES />TS TO H9D] OR TR\BLE ! O!RS1 BECAUSE ALL !SE PR(ESSIONAL CONSPIRATORS >E SPY+ ON EA* O!R )\T EXACTLY KN[+ :Y1 OR 5C\NT] EA* O!R BY *ANCE1 YET )\T RECOGNIZ+ EA* O!R ) C]TA9TY4 ,:O IS OBS]V+ :OM8 ,ON :OSE BEHALF1 APP>5TLY8 ,& ACTUALLY8 ,! REAL 9FLU5CES REMA9 HIDD51 & ! ULTIMATE 9T5TIONS CAN ONLY BE SUSPECT$ ) GREAT DIFFICULTY & ALMO/ NEV] UND]/OOD4 ,SO ?AT :ILE NO ONE CAN SAY HE IS NOT DELUD$ OR MANIPULAT$1 IT IS ONLY 9 R>E 9/ANCES ?AT ! MANIPULATOR HIMSELF CAN KN[ HE HAS SUCCE$$4 ,&1 BESIDES1 F9D+ ONESELF ON ! W9N+ SIDE ( MANIPULATION DOES NOT MEAN ?AT ONE HAS JU/LY *OS5 ! /RATEGIC P]SPECTIVE4 ,IT IS ?US ?AT TACTICAL SUCCESSES CAN GET GREAT =CES /UCK ON BAD PA?S4 

,9 ! SAME NETWORK1 APP>5TLY PURSU+ ! SAME GOAL1 ?OSE :O ONLY CON/ITUTE A P>T ( ! NETWORK >E OBLIG$ TO BE IGNORANT ( ! HYPO!SES & CONCLUSIONS ( ! O!R P>TS1 & ESPECIALLY ( !IR RUL+ NUCLEUS4 ,! QUITE WELL KN[N FACT ?AT ALL 9=MATION ON :ATEV] SUBJECT UND] OBS]VATION MAY WELL BE 5TIRELY IMAG9>Y1 OR 9 L>GE P>T FALSE1 OR V]Y 9ADEQUATELY 9T]PRET$1 COMPLICATES & R5D]S UNSURE TO A GREAT DEGREE ! CALCULATIONS ( ! 9QUISITORS2 BECAUSE :AT IS SUFFICI5T TO CONDEMN SOMEONE IS NOT SUFFICI5T :5 IT COMES TO RECOGNIZ+ OR US+ HIM4 ,S9CE S\RCES ( 9=MATION >E 9 COMPETITION1 SO >E FALSIFICATIONS4 

,IT IS 9 !SE CONDITIONS ( ITS EXI/5CE ?AT WE CAN SPEAK ( A T5D5CY TO ! FALL+ PR(ITABILITY ( CONTROL1 TO ! EXT5T ?AT IT APPROA*ES ! TOTALITY ( SOCIAL SPACE & CONSEQU5TLY 9CREASES ITS P]SONNEL & ITS MEANS4 ,BECAUSE H]E EA* MEANS ASPIRES & LABORS TO BECOME AN 5D4 ,SURVEILLANCE SPIES ON & CONSPIRES AGA9/ ITSELF4 

,ITS PR9CIPAL PRES5T CONTRADICTION1 F9ALLY1 IS ?AT IT IS SURVEILL+1 9FILTRAT+ & 9FLU5C+ AN ABS5T P>TY3 ?AT :I* IS SUPPOS$ TO WANT ! SUBV]SION ( ! SOCIAL ORD]4 ,BUT :]E CAN IT BE SE5 AT WORK8 ,BECAUSE CONDITIONS C]TA9LY HAVE NEV] BE5 SO S]I\SLY REVOLUTION>Y1 BUT IT IS ONLY GOV]NM5TS ?AT ?9K SO4 ,NEGATION HAS BE5 SO ?OR\<LY DEPRIV$ ( ITS ?\<T ?AT IT WAS DISP]S$ LONG AGO4 ,BECAUSE ( ?IS1 IT IS ONLY A VAGUE1 YET V]Y WORRISOME ?REAT1 & SURVEILLANCE 9 ITS TURN HAS BE5 DEPRIV$ ( ! BE/ FIELD ( ITS ACTIVITY4 ,!SE P[]S ( SURVEILLANCE & 9T]V5TION >E EXACTLY L$ BY CURR5T NECESSITIES1 :I* COMM& !IR T]MS ( 5GAGEM5T1 TO OP]ATE ON ! V]Y T]RA9 ( ?IS ?REAT 9 ORD] TO COMBAT IT 9 ADVANCE4.<#e#h.> ,?IS IS :Y SURVEILLANCE HAS AN 9T]E/ 9 ORGANIZ+ POLES ( NEGATION ITSELF1 :I* IT WILL 9/RUCT ) MORE ?AN ! DISCR$IT$ MEANS ( ! SPECTACLE1 SO AS TO 9FLU5CE1 NOT T]RORI/S ?IS TIME1 BUT !ORIES4.<#e#i.> 

,X,X,X,I4 

,BALTAS> ,GRACIAN1 ?AT GREAT CONNOISSEUR ( HI/ORICAL TIME1 TELLS US ) MU* P]T95CY 9 ,EL ,ORACULO MANUAL Y ,>TE DE ,PRUD5CIA3 0,GOV]N+1 DISC\RS+1 EV]Y?+ MU/ BE DONE ) PURPOSE4 ,LOVE :5 Y\ CAN1 BECAUSE NEI!R ! SEASON NOR TIME WAIT = ANYONE40.<#f.> 

,BUT ,OM> ,KHAYYAM WAS LESS ( AN OPTIMI/4 0,SO AS TO SPEAK CLE>LY & )\T P>ABLES -- ,WE >E ! PIECES ( ! GAME ?AT PLAYS ! SKY2 -- ,WE AMUSE \RSELVES ) \RSELVES ON ! *ESSBO>D ( ,BE+1 -- & !N WE >E RETURN$1 ONE BY ONE1 TO ! BOX ( ,NO?+NESS40 

,X,X,X,I,I4 

,! ,FR5* ,REVOLUTION 9VOLV$ GREAT *ANGES 9 ! >T ( W>4 ,IT WAS AFT] ?IS EXP]I5CE ?AT ,CLAUSEWITZ C\LD E/ABLI% ! DI/9CTION ACCORD+ TO :I* TACTICS >E ! USE ( =CES 9 BATTLE SO AS TO OBTA9 VICTORY1 :]EAS /RATEGY IS ! USE ( VICTORIES TO ATTA9 ! GOALS ( A W>4 ,EUROPE WAS SUBJUGAT$1 IMM$IATELT & LA/+LY1 BY ! RESULTS4 ,BUT ! !ORY WAS NOT E/ABLI%$ UNTIL LAT]1 & WAS DEVELOP$ UNEQUALLY4 ,FIR/ TO BE APPRECIAT$ W]E ! POSITIVE FEATURES DIRECTLY BR\<T AB\T BY A PR(\ND SOCIAL TRANS=MATION3 ! 5?USIASM & MOBILITY ?AT LIV$ (F ! L& 9 R5D]+ ITSELF RELATIVELY 9DEP5D5T ( /ORES & SUPPLY TRA9S1 ! MULTIPLICATION ( NUM]ICAL /R5G?4 ,!SE PRACTICAL ELEM5TS F\ND !MSELVES C\NT]BALANC$ BY ! APPE>ANCE ON ! 5EMY SIDE ( SIMIL> ELEM5TS3 9 ,SPA91 ! ,FR5* >MIES 5C\NT]$ ANO!R POPUL> 5?USIASM2 9 ! VA/ SPACES ( ,RUSSIA1 A L& !Y C\LD NOT LIVE (F2 AFT] ! RIS+ 9 ,G]MANY1 NUM]ICALLY F> SUP]IOR =CES4 ,H[EV]1 ! EFFECT ( A TOTAL BREAK 9 ! NEW ,FR5* TACTICS1 :I* WAS ! SIMPLE BASIS ON :I* ,BONAP>TE F\ND$ HIS /RATEGY -- :I* CONSI/$ ( US+ VICTORIES 9 ADVANCE1 AS IF ACQUIR$ ON CR$IT3 CONCEIV+ MANEUV]S & !IR DIV]SE V>IANTS FROM ! />T AS CONSEQU5CES ( A VICTORY ?AT WAS NOT YET OBTA9$1 BUT W\LD C]TA9LY BE AT ! FIR/ ONSLAU<T -- D]IV$ ALSO FROM ! =C$ AB&ONM5T ( FALSE IDEAS4 ,?IS TACTIC BRUSQUELY OBLIG$ AN ABRUPT BREAK ) FALSE IDEAS &1 AT ! SAME TIME1 BY ! CONCOMITANT PLAY ( ! O!R 9NOVATIONS \TL9$ ABOVE1 F\ND ! MEANS TO A*IEVE SU* A BREAK4 ,! NEWLY LEVI$ ,FR5* SOLDI]S W]E 9CAPABLE ( FI<T+ 9 L9E1 ?AT IS1 ( KEEP+ RANKS & FIR+ ON COMM&4 ,!Y W\LD ?US BE DEPLOY$ AS %>P%OOT]S & PRACTIC$ FIR+ AT WILL AS !Y ADVANC$ ON ! 5EMY4 ,!RE=E1 FIR+ AT WILL F\ND ITSELF EXACTLY TO BE ! ONLY EFFECTIVE K9D1 :I* REALLY OP]AT$ A DE/RUCTIVE USE ( MUSKETRY1 :I* PROV$ ! MO/ DECISIVE FACTOR 9 MILIT>Y 5GAGEM5TS ( ! P]IOD4 ,YET MILIT>Y ?9K+ HAD UNIV]SALLY REJECT$ ?IS CONCLUSION 9 ! C5TURY ?AT WAS 5D+1 & ! DISCUSSION ON ! QUE/ION CONT9U$ ?R\< MO/ ( ! NEW C5TURY1 DESPITE CON/ANT EXAMPLES FROM ! PRACTICE ( COMBAT & ! CEASELESS PROGRESS 9 RANGE & RATE ( FIRE4 

,! E/ABLI%M5T ( SPECTACUL> DOM9ATION IS SEEM+LY A SOCIAL TRANS=MATION SO PR(\ND ?AT IT HAS RADICALLY ALT]$ ! >T ( GOV]NM5T4 ,?IS SIMPLIFICATION1 :I* HAS QUICKLY BORNE SU* FRUIT 9 PRACTICE1 HAS NOT BE5 FULLY COMPREH5D$ !ORETICALLY4 ,OLD PREJUDICES EV]Y:]E CONTRADICT$1 PRECAUTIONS BECOME USELESS1 & EV5 ! TRACES ( SCRUPLES FROM O!R TIMES /ILL H9D] ?IS COMPREH5SION1 :I* PRACTICE E/ABLI%ES & CONFIRMS EV]Y S+LE DAY1 9 ! ?9K+ ( QUITE A NUMB] ( RUL]S4 ,NOT ONLY >E ! SUBJUGAT$ MADE TO BELIEVE ?AT1 ESS5TIALLY1 !Y >E /ILL LIV+ 9 A WORLD :I* 9 FACT DISAPPE>$1 BUT ! RUL]S !MSELVES SOMETIMES SUFF] FROM ! ?\<TLESSNESS ( /ILL BELIEV+ 9 IT4 ,!Y COME TO BELIEVE 9 A P>T ( :AT !Y HAVE SUPPRESS$1 AS IF IT REMA9$ A REALITY & HAD /ILL TO BE 9CLUD$ 9 !IR CALCULATIONS4 ,?IS DELAY WILL NOT LA/ LONG4 ,?OSE :O HAVE A*IEV$ SO MU* SO EASILY MU/ NECESS>ILY GO FUR!R4 ,ONE MU/ NOT BELIEVE ?AT ?OSE :O HAVE NOT QUICKLY UND]/OOD ! PLIABILITY ( ! NEW RULES ( !IR GAME & ITS =M ( B>B>IC GR&EUR WILL DURABLY MA9TA9 !MSELVES LIKE AN >*AISM 9 ! SURR\ND+S ( REAL P[]4 ,! DE/9Y ( ! SPECTACLE IS C]TA9LY NOT TO 5D 9 5LI<T5$ DESPOTISM4 

,WE MU/ CONCLUDE ?AT A *ANGE IS IMM95T & 9ELUCTABLE 9 ! CO-OPT$ CA/ :O MANAGE ! DOM9ATION &1 NOTABLY1 ?OSE :O DIRECT ! PROTECTION ( ?AT DOM9ATION4 ,9 SU* AN AFFAIR1 ! NOVELTY ( C\RSE WILL NEV] BE DISPLAY$ ON ! /AGE ( ! SPECTACLE4 ,IT WILL ONLY APPE> LIKE LI<TN+1 :I* WE KN[ ONLY :5 IT /RIKES4 ,?IS *ANGE1 :I* WILL DECISIVELY COMPLETE ! WORK ( !SE SPECTACUL> TIMES1 WILL OCCUR DISCREETLY &1 AL?\< IT CONC]NS ?OSE ALREADY 9/ALL$ 9 ! SPH]E ( P[]1 CONSPIRATORIALLY4 ,IT WILL SELECT ?OSE :O WILL TAKE P>T P>T 9 IT ON ?IS C5TRAL REQUIREM5T3 ?AT !Y CLE>LY KN[ :AT OB/ACLES !Y HAVE OV]COME1 & ( :AT !Y >E CAPABLE4.<#f#a.> 

,X,X,X,I,I,I4 

,! SAME ,S>D\ ALSO WROTE3 

,VA9LY RELATES TO ! SUBJECT2 9 VA9 TO ! OBJECT2 USELESSLY )\T USE = ANYONE4 ,ONE HAS WORK$ VA9LY :5 ONE HAS DONE SO )\T SUCCESS1 SO ?AT ONE HAS WA/$ ONE'S TIME & EF=T3 ONE HAS WORK$ 9 VA9 :5 ONE HAS DONE SO )\T ATTA9+ ! 9T5D$ GOAL1 BECAUSE ( ! DEFECTIV5ESS ( ! WORK4 ,IF ,I CANNOT COMPLETE MY TASK1 ,I WORK VA9LY2 ,I AM USELESSLY WA/+ MY TIME & EF=T4 ,IF ! TASK ,I HAVE DONE DOES NOT HAVE ! EFFECT ,I WAS EXPECT+1 IF ,I HAVE NOT ATTA9$ MY GOAL1 ,I HAVE WORK$ 9 VA92 ?AT IS TO SAY1 ,I HAVE DONE SOME?+ USELESS4444 

,IT IS ALSO SAID ?AT SOMEONE HAS WORK$ VA9LY :5 HE HAS NOT BE5 REW>D$ = HIS WORK1 OR :5 ?IS WORK HAS NOT BE5 ACCEPT$2 BECAUSE 9 ?IS CASE ! WORK] HAS WA/$ HIS TIME & EF=T1 )\T ?IS AT ALL PREJUDIC+ ! VALUE ( HIS WORK1 :I* CAN BE V]Y GOOD4 

 --  ,P>IS1 ,FEBRU>Y-,APRIL #a#i#h#h4 

.<#a.> ,= MORE ON ! ASSASS9ATION ( ,G]>D ,LEBOVICI1 SEE ,JEAN-,FRANCOIS ,M>TOS1 ,WORDS & ,BULLETS3 ! ,CONDEMN$ ( ! ,LEBOVICI ,AFFAIR 7#a#i#h#d71 & ,GUY ,DEBORD1 ,CONSID]ATIONS ON ! ,ASSASS9ATION ( ,G]>D ,LEBOVICI 7#a#i#h#e74 ,NOTE ?AT 9 HIS LETT] TO ,$ITIONS ,ANAGRAMA DAT$ #g ,JUNE #a#i#h#i1 ,DEBORD EXPLA9S ?AT 0AMBU%0 IS NOT ! WORD HE W\LD USE TO TRANSLATE UN GUET-AP5S BECAUSE 0,I HAVE EMPLOY$ ! WORD ?AT EVOKES B&ITRY1 ! /YLE ( ! HAMPA10 ?AT IS TO SAY 0! UND]WORLD40 ,IF ONE C\LD BE TRAPP$ 9 SU* A ?+1 ONE MI<T USE ! WORD 0HIT03 ,LEBOVICI WAS ASSASS9AT$ 9 A 7GANGL&7 HIT4 

.<#b.> ,GUY ,DEBORD'S EPIGRAPH IS TAK5 FROM ! FIR/ ,EUROPEAN TRANSLATION ( ,! ,>T ( ,W>1 BY ! ,JESUIT ,J,J4,L4 ,AMIOT 7#a#g#h#b74 ,! BE/ AVAILABLE ,5GLI% TRANSLATION1 BY ,SAMUEL ,B4 ,GRIFFI? 7,OX=D #a#i#f#c71 DOES NOT 9CLUDE ?IS PASSAGE4 .<,MALCOLM ,IMRIE.> ,& SO WE HAVE TRANSLAT$ DIRECTLY FROM ,DEBORD'S ,FR5*4 

.<#c.> ,?IS MI<T S\ND MEGLOMANIACAL1 BUT IT IS A FACT ?AT1 9 ! E>LY #a#i#gS1 ! ,FR5* 0,SOCIALI/0 ,P>TY US$ ! SITUATIONI/ DEM& 0,*ANGE ,LIFE0 AS ONE ( HIS CAMPAIGN SLOGANS4 7,SEE ,!SES ON ! ,S,I & ,ITS ,TIME1 !SIS #c#g47 ,= MORE ON ! 0,SOCIALI/0 ,P>TY'S RECUP]ATION ( ! SITUATIONI/S1 SEE ,N,O,T ,B,O,R,$6 REVIEW ( ,JACQUES ,ATTALI'S ,NOISE4 

.<#d.> ,9 ! 9ITIAL AGREEM5T ?AT =M$ ! ! ,NOR? ,ATLANTIC ,TREATY ,ORGANIZATION 9 #a#i#d#i1 !RE WAS A SECRET CLAUSE ?AT REQUIR$ ?AT1 BE=E A NATION C\LD JO9 ,N,A,T,O1 IT MU/ E/ABLI% ITS [N NATIONAL SECURITY S]VICE CAPABLE ( 0,CIVIL ,EM]G5CY ,PLANN+10 ?AT IS1 ( 09T]V5+ EFFECTIVELY .<444.> 9 ! EV5T ( EXT]NAL SOCIALI/ AGGRESSION OR 9T]NAL POLITICAL UPHEAVALS40 ,SOMETIMES CALL$ 0,OP]ATION ,/AY ,BEH9D10 ?IS MASSIVE NETWORK CONSI/$ ( SECRET BASES1 >MS CA*ES1 RECRUITM5T C5T]S & P>AMILIT>Y CADRES DRAWN FROM TRU/$ ANTI-COMMUNI/S 7MO/LY NEO-,NAZIS1 MAFIOSI & RI<T-W+ SPECIAL OP]ATIVES74 ,! ,FR5* BRAN* ( ?IS NETWORK WAS CALL$ ,ROSE DES ,V5TS 70,ROSE ( ! ,W9DS074 ,UP UNTIL #a#i#g#d1 :5 ! CONSPIRACY WAS REVEAL$1 ! SAME NAME 7,LA ,ROSA ,DEI ,V5TI7 WAS US$ 9 ,ITALY2 AFT] #a#i#g#d1 ! ,ITALIAN P>T ( ! NETWORK WAS CALL$ ,GLAUDIO 7A TWO-SID$ ,ROMAN SWORD7 & WORK$ \T ( ! 0,P#b0 ,MASONIC ,LODGE4 ,SEE FOOTNOTES .<#a#a.> & .<#b#c.>4 

.<#e.> ,! ,FR5* H]E IS LE M$IATIQUE4 ,?\< 0M$IATIC0 IS NOT COMMONLY US$ 9 ,5GLI%1 WE HAVE CONSI/5TLY EMPLOY$ IT BECAUSE ,DEBORD'S TEXT IS SO 9SI/5T ON ITS USE3 A DIFF]5T MEAN+ FROM ! /&>D & RELATIVELY LIMIT$ MEAN+ ( 0M$IA0 IS CLE>LY 9T5D$4 

.<#f.> ,! ,FR5* H]E IS SPECTACULAIRE 9TEGRE4 ,WE HAVE CONSI/5TLY TRANSLAT$ SPECTACULAIRE AS 0SPECTACUL>0 BECAUSE ,DEBORD'S TEXT C>EFULLY DI/+UI%ES IT FROM 0SPECTACLE40 ,IT W\LD APPE> ?AT ! AU?OR'S 9T5TION 9 HIS ,COMM5TS ON ! ,SOCIETY ( ! ,SPECTACLE IS TO 0DET\RN0 ! !ORY HE ORIG9ALLY PRES5T$ 9 ,! ,SOCIETY ( ! ,SPECTACLE4 

.<#g.> ,! ,FR5* H]E IS DES EXP]TS 5 V9S QUI 5TRA'N]ONT LES CAVES A AIM] LEURS N\VEAUX P>FUMS1 PLUS RECONNAISSABLES4 ,DEBORD'S PUN ON ! TWO MEAN+S ( CAVES -- W9E-CELL>S 7FEM47 & HOPELESS DUPES OR SUCK]S 7MASC47 -- IS UN=TUNATELY LO/ 9 ,5GLI%4 ,! WORD'S UND]WORLD ETYMOLOGY IS 9/RUCTIVE4 ,IT ORIG9ALLY REF]R$ TO ANYONE :O WORK$ 9 A LEGITIMATE JOB2 H5CE TO SOMEONE :O DID NOT KN[ H[ TO LIVE2 & H5CE TO ANY K9D ( DUPE4 .<,MALCOLM ,IMRIE.> 

.<#h.> ,! PROV]B IS FROM ,DON ,QUIXOTE1 QUOT$ BY ! ,DU*ESS 9 H] CONV]SATION ) ,SAN*O ,PANZA 7VOL4 ,I,I1 BOOK #c1 *4 #a74 ,! ,SPANI% IS1 ,DEBAJO DE MALA CAPA1 SUELE HAB] BU5 BEB$OR4 .<,MALCOLM ,IMRIE.> 

.<#i.> ,ON ! REWRIT+ ( A P]SON'S PA/1 AFT] HE OR %E HAS BE5 ASSASS9AT$1 SEE ,GUY ,DEBORD1 ,CONSID]ATIONS ON ! ,ASSASS9ATION ( ,G]>D ,LEBOVICI1 & ,JEAN-,FRANCOIS ,M>TOS1 ,WORDS & ,BULLETS3 ! ,CONDEMN$ ( ! ,LEBOVICI ,AFFAIR4 

.<#a.> ,AN ,>AB PROV]B1 DAT+ FROM ! F\RTE5? C5TURY4 .<,MALCOLM ,IMRIE.> 

.<#a#a.> ,AL?\< ,DEBORD SAYS ?AT ! 0,P0 9 ,P#b /&S = ,POT]E 7,P[]71 :ILE O!R WRIT]S SAY ?AT IT /&S = ,PROPAG&A 7SAME 9 ,ITALIAN & ,5GLI%71 ONE IS DEF9ITELY SPEAK+ ( ! SAME ORGANIZATION4 ,F\ND$ 9 ! #a#i? C5TURY1 ,P#b WAS A 0COV]$0 MASONIC LODGE3 ! ID5TITIES ( ITS MEMB]S W]E NOT KN[N BY ANYONE1 EV5 ! ,GR& ,LODGE4 ,9 #a#i#f#d1 ,G5]AL ,LICIO ,GELLI -- A FASCI/ FROM ! ,MUSSOL9I DAYS :O HAD BE5 %ELT]$ 9 ,>G5T9A BY ITS DICTATOR ,JUAN ,P]ON -- RETURN$ TO ,ITALY1 TOOK *>GE ( ,P#b & US$ HIS EXT5SIVE CONNECTIONS TO E/ABLI% A NETWORK ( ! V>I\S DRUG MAFIAS & NEO-,NAZI EXTREMI/S 9 ,LAT9 ,AM]ICA & ,S\!RN ,EUROPE4 ,AFT] ! EXPOSURE ( 0,! ,ROSE ( ! ,W9DS0 GR\P 9 #aigd 7FOOTNOTE .<#d.>71 ,P#b TOOK UP ! BURD5 ( MA9TA9+ ,N,A,T,O'S 0,OP]ATION ,/AY ,BEH9D0 9 ,ITALY4 ,9 #a#i#h#b1 ! EXI/5CE ( ,P#b ITSELF WAS DISCOV]$4 ,AT ! TIME1 ! LODGE C\NT$ AMONG ITS MEMB]S MORE ?AN #b1#d PEOPLE1 9CLUD+ =M]-,PRIME ,M9I/] ,GIULO ,&REOTTI1 ! 0S5IOR ,ITALIAN /ATESMAN0 TO :OM ,DEBORD REF]S4 ,9 #a#i#i1 ,&REOTTI WAS *>G$ ) ORD]+ ! ASSASS9ATION ( J\RNALI/ ,M9O ,PECORELLI2 9 HIS DEF5SE1 ,&REOTTI CONFIRM$ & DEF]R$ TO ! EXI/5CE ( ,OP]ATION ,GLADIO4 

.<#a#b.> ,A RELEVANT EXAMPLE ( AN ALLEG$ ACCOMPLICE :O 0REP5TS0 & -- 9 EX*ANGE = FAVORABLE TREATM5T -- TURNS /ATE'S EVID5CE 7BECOMES A 0SUP]GRASS07 W\LD BE ,ALDO ,TISEI1 A MEMB] ( ! ,PALLAD9 ORGANIZATION 7SEE FOOTNOTE .<#d#f.>7 :O MURD]$ ,JUDGE ,VITTORIO ,OCCORSIO 7SEE FOOTNOTE .<#d#h.>74 

.<#a#c.> ,ON #g ,APRIL #a#i#g#i1 ! ,ITALIAN AU?ORITIES >RE/$ MORE ?AN #b LEFT-W+ 9TELLECTUALS1 9CLUD+ ,ANTONIO ,NEGRI4 ,MANY MORE >RE/S FOLL[$4 

.<#a#d.> ,AMONG ?OSE :O 0SEE T]RORISM AS SIMPLY A NUMB] ( ACTS ( BLATANT MANIPULATION ON ! P>T ( ! SECRET S]VICES10 ,DEBORD W\LD 9CLUDE ,GIANFRANCO ,SANGU9ETTI1 AU?OR ( ,ON ,T]RORISM & ! ,/ATE1 :I* ,DEBORD CRITICIZ$ 9 HIS #bc ,FEBRU>Y #aiha LETT] TO ,JAAP ,KLOO/]MAN4 ,AMONG ?OSE :O 0REPROA* ! T]RORI/S = !IR TOTAL LACK ( HI/ORICAL UND]/&+10 ,DEBORD W\LD 9CLUDE ,ANTONIO ,NEGRI1 ,ORE/E ,SCALZONE & O!R 0DOCTR9AIRES ( '>M$ /RUGGLE4'0 ,SEE FOOTNOTE .<#b#b.>4 

.<#a#e.> ,ANO!R REF]5CE TO ,DEBORD'S CRITIQUE ( ,SANGU9ETTI'S ,ON ,T]RORISM & ! ,/ATE4 ,AMONG ?OSE 0P>TICUL> OP]ATIONS0 TO BE ANALYZ$1 ,DEBORD W\LD 9CLUDE ?OSE CONDUCT$ BY 0,BLANQUI1 ,V>LAN1 .<&.> ,DURRUTI10 TO :OM HE REF]S 9 ! CONTEXT ( ! 9SEP>ABILITY ( 0POLITICAL CRIME0 & 0SOCIAL CRITIQUE40 ,SEE ALSO ,DEBORD'S #aih COMM5TS CONC]N+ >M$ /RUGGLE 9 ! ,BASQUE ,C\NTRY4 

.<#a#f.> 0,!Y >E JE]+ AT US1 & WE KN[ :OM !SE PROGRAMS >E =40 ,! ,FR5* H]E IS1 ,ON N\S SIFFLE1 ET L'ON SAIT P\R QUI SONT CES /RUCTURES4 ,DEBORD IS PLAY+ ON A FAM\S L9E FROM ,RAC9E'S ,&ROMA*E1 ,ACT ,V1 ,SC5E #c3 ,P\R QUI SONT CES S]P5TS QUI SIFFL5T SUR VOS TETES8 .<,MALCOLM ,IMRIE.> ,?AT LA/ ,FR5* PHRASE MEANS1 0,:O >E ?OSE S]P5TS JE]+ AT Y\R HEADS80 

.<#a#g.> ,9 #a#i#h#d1 SEEM+LY MOTIVAT$ BY PR(ESSIONAL JEAL\SY1 C]TA9 COLLEAGUES ( A ,DR ,>*AMBEAU AT A HOSPITAL 9 ,POITI]S CAUS$ ! DEA? ( SOME ( HIS PATI5TS 9 ! OP]AT+-!AT] BY REV]S+ ! OXYG5 & NITROG5 SUPPLIES DUR+ RESUSCITATION4 ,>*AMBEAU WAS EV5TUALLY ACQUITT$ ( ANY BLAME1 BUT ! REAL CULPRITS W]E NEV] DISCOV]$4 .<,MALCOLM ,IMRIE.> 

.<#a#h.> ,SEE ! FOLL[+ PASSAGE 9 ,ABYSS1 AN UNSIGN$ ESSAY ?AT APPE>$ 9 ,FR5* ! ,AUGU/ #aihf ISSUE ( ,L',5CYCLOP$IE DES ,NUISANCES & WAS TRANSLAT$ 9TO ,5GLI% BY ! EX-SITUATIONI/ ,DONALD ,NI*OLSON-,SMI?3 

0,H[ MANY CURIES1 H[ MANY BECQU]ELS1 W]E N[ ?RU/ UPON US 9 ORD] TO SATISFY \R HUNG] & ?IR/ = KN[L$GE6 ,NOT A DAY W\LD PASS )\T ! AU?ORITIES PRODUC+ FIGURES PURPORT+ TO %[ ?AT ! 7=M]LY NONEXI/5T7 RADIOACTIVITY LEVEL HAD DROPP$ CONSID]ABLY & WAS N[ 09SIGNIFICANT40 ,!Y ALSO WORRI$ AB\T H[ DIFFICULT IT PROBABLY WAS = US TO CALCULATE \R *ANCES ( SURVIVAL 9 SO MANY DIFF]5T UNITS ( MEASUREM5T1 & SUGGE/$ 0/&>DIZ+ ! DEF9ITION ( ! LEVEL AT :I* RADIOACTIVITY BEG9S TO PRES5T A ?REAT TO HUMAN BE+S0 -- 9 O!R WORDS1 PU%+ ?AT DANG] LEVEL HI< 5\< TO SP>E US ALL ?OSE 5DLESS CALCULATIONS40 

.<#a#i.> ,IT WAS ,M>X :O DEF9$ POLITICAL ECONOMY AS 0! F9AL D5IAL ( HUMANITY40 .<,MALCOLM ,IMRIE.> 

.<#b.> ,! ,FR5* H]E IS ILLUSIONNI/ES1 ABOYEURS ET B>ONS4 ,B>ON1 A WORD /ILL 9 COMMON USE1 REF]S TO A TRICK/]'S ACCOMPLICE1 PLANT$ 9 ! CR[D1 :O HELPS TO DUPE O!RS EI!R BY RAIS+ OBJECTIONS :I* ! TRICK/] CAN EASILY REFUTE1 OR BY PRET5D+ TO BUY :ATEV] IS ON (F]4 ,?IS WAS ALSO ! N9ETE5?-C5TURY MEAN+ ( 0/OOL-PIGEON10 AL?\< ! WORD IS N[ US$ 9 A DIFF]5T S5SE4 ,I CANNOT F9D A MOD]N ,5GLI% EQUIVAL5T1 ?\< SOME ,AM]ICAN MEAN+S ( 0/OOGE0 MI<T BE ADEQUATE4 .<,MALCOLM ,IMRIE.> 

.<#b#a.> ,! BATTLE IS ,WAT]LOO1 ! 0ONE10 ,NAPOLEON4 ,! ALLUSION IS TO ,VICTOR ,HUGO'S DESCRIPTION ( ,WAT]LOO 9 HIS POEM 0,L',EXPIATION03 SEE+ ! BATTLE WAS GO+ BADLY = ! ,FR5*1 ,NAPOLEON SUMMON$ ! ,IMP]IAL ,GU>D TO 5T] ! FRAY4 .<,MALCOLM ,IMRIE.> 

.<#b#b.> ,A REF]5CE TO ,ITALIAN WRIT]S SU* AS ,ANTONIO ,NEGRI1 ,ORE/E ,SCALZONE1 ,FRANCO ,PIP]NO1 ,LANFRANCO ,PACE1 & ,PAOLO ,VIRNO1 AMONG O!RS4 

.<#b#c.> ,/RICTLY SPEAK+1 ! EX-,PREMI] ( ,ITALY1 ,ALDO ,MORO1 WASN'T HELD PRISON] BY ,POT]E ,DUE1 BUT BY ! ,ITALIAN ,/ATE ITSELF4 ,& SO1 ,DEBORD APPE>S TO BE MAK+ A S>CA/IC REM>K1 TO ! EFFECT ?AT !RE'S NO DIFF]5CE BETWE5 ! 0P>ALLEL0 & (FICIAL GOV]NM5TS ( ! C\NTRY4 

.<#b#d.> ,9 ! SUMM] ( #a#i#f#h1 AN ,ITALIAN NEO-,NAZI & AG5T PROVOCATEUR NAM$ ,M>IO ,M]L9O SUCC$$ 9 9FILTRAT+ ,ROMAN AN>*I/ CIRCLES BY =M+ ! 0,X,X,I,I ,M>* ,GR\P10 :OSE NAME WAS A CLOSE E*O ( ! 0#b#bD ,M>* ,MOVEM5T10 ! ,FR5* GR\P FROM ,NANT]RE ?AT 9CLUD$ ,DANIEL ,COHN-,B5DIT & SEV]AL 5RAGES :O LAT] JO9$ ! ,SITUATIONI/ ,9T]NATIONAL4 ,ONE ( ! FIR/ ACTIONS TAK5 BY ! ,X,X,I,I ,M>* ,GR\P WAS ! DE/RUCTION ( SEV]AL C>S AFT] A DEMON/RATION 9 FRONT ( ! ,FR5* ,EMBASSY 9 ,ROME4 ,! ,ITALIAN PRESS QUICKLY BLAM$ ! VIOL5CE ON ! ,ITALIAN ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY4 

.<#b#e.> ,A REF]5CE TO ! #ae ,DECEMB] #aifi 0SUICIDE0 ( ! AN>*I/ ,GIUSEPPE ,P9ELLI1 :O WAS MURD]$ BY ,ITALIAN POLICE (FIC]S DUR+ !IR 9VE/IGATION 9TO HIS NON-EXI/5T ROLE 9 ! ,DECEMB] #aifi BOMB+ ( ! ,PIAZZA ,FONTANA 9 ,MILAN4 ,P9ELLI LAT] BECAME ! PROTAGONI/ ( ,D>IO ,FO'S FAM\S PLAY1 ,! ,ACCID5TAL ,DEA? ( AN ,AN>*I/4 

.<#b#f.> ,A REF]5CE TO ! 9VE/IGATION 9TO ! #aigb DEA? ( ! ,ITALIAN LEFT-W+ PUBLI%] ,GIANGIACOMO ,FELTR9ELLI1 :O SUPPOS$LY BLEW HIMSELF UP :ILE TRY+ TO DE/ROY AN ELECTRICITY PYLON4 

.<#b#g.> ,9 E>LY #a#i#h#h1 ,AB\ ,JIHAD1 A ,PALE/9IAN LEAD]1 WAS ASSASS9AT$ 9 ,TUNISIA BY ! ,MOSSAD1 AN ,ISRAELI SECRET S]VICE4 

.<#b#h.> ,=M$ DUR+ ,WORLD ,W> ,I,I1 ,5GL&'S 0,SPECIAL ,AIR ,S]VICE0 7,S,A,S7 BECAME A P>AMILIT>Y 0ANTI-T]RORI/0 UNIT 9 ! PO/W> YE>S4 ,ALL ?R\< ! #a#i#gS & #a#i#hS1 ! ,S,A,S CONDUCT$ A 0DIRTY W>0 AGA9/ ! ,IRI% ,REPUBLICAN ,>MY4 

.<#b#i.> ,GRUPO ,ANTI-,T]RORI/A DE ,LIB]ACION4 .<,MALCOLM ,IMRIE.> ,! 0,ANTIT]RORI/ ,LIB]ATION ,GR\P0 WAS A GR\P ( HIR$ KILL]S :O1 UND] ! DIRECTION ( ,SPA9'S 0SECURITY0 =CES & ! ,M9I/RY ( ! ,9T]IOR1 HUNT$ D[N & ASSASS9AT$ SUSPECT$ ,E,T,A T]RORI/S :O HAD FL$ TO OR W]E BAS$ 9 ,FRANCE4 ,BETWE5 #aihc & #a#i#h#g1 NE>LY #c PEOPLE W]E KILL$1 REPUT$LY ) ! HELP ( ! ,FR5* ,CIVIL ,GU>D4 

.<#c.> ,ON #b ,AUGU/ #aih -- ! FIR/ DAY ( AN ,ITALIAN NATIONAL HOLIDAY -- A BOMB EXPLOD$ AT ! ,BOLOGNA RAILWAY /ATION1 KILL+ #he & W\ND+ OV] #b PEOPLE4 ,AMONG ?OSE EV5TUALLY IMPLICAT$ 9 ! EXECUTION ( ! MASSACRE WAS ! NEO-,NAZI ,/EFANO ,DELLE ,*IAIE4 

.<#c#a.> ,LES TUEURS F\S DE ,BRABANT WAS ! M$IA'S NAME = ! P]PETRATORS ( A S]IES ( MURD]S 9 ,BELGIUM 9 ! #a#i#hS4 ,! MURD]S W]E C>RI$ \T DUR+ A NUMB] ( RAIDS ON SUP]M>KETS3 ON EA* OCCASION ! GANG1 >M$ ) MILIT>Y WEAPONS1 %OT SIX OR SEV5 PEOPLE1 APP>5TLY AT R&OM1 & /OLE V]Y SMALL AM\NTS ( MONEY4 ,REC5T NEWSPAP] REVELATIONS HAVE SUGGE/$ ?AT ! *OICE ( VICTIMS MAY NOT HAVE BE5 5TIRELY R&OM1 & ?AT ! MURD]]S MAY HAVE BE5 L9K$ TO RI<T-W+ ORGANIZATIONS4 .<,MALCOLM ,IMRIE.> ,BETWE5 #c ,SEPTEMB] #aihb & #i ,NOVEMB] #a#i#h#e1 ! 0MAD KILL]S ( ,BRABANT0 MURD]$ A TOTAL ( #bh PEOPLE4 ,NO >RE/S W]E EV] MADE4 ,SOME?+ SIMIL> SEEMS TO HAVE TAK5 PLACE 9 ,ITALY1 BEG9N+ 9 ,JUNE #a#i#g#f4 

.<#c#b.> ,LAT9 = 0:O PR(ITS80 

.<#c#c.> ,A REF]5CE TO ! HUNDR$S ( /RIK+ /UD5TS :O W]E KILL$ BY ! ,MEXICAN >MY 9 ,TLATELOLCO1 ,MEXICO ,CITY1 ON #b ,OCTOB] #a#i#f#h4 ,IT IS ?\<T BY SOME ?AT ! BODIES W]E DROPP$ BY AIRPLANE 9TO ! ,GULF ( ,MEXICO4 

.<#c#d.> ,! ALLUSION IS TO ,ROB]T ,L\IS ,/EV5SON'S 0,REQUIEM40 ,BUT SOME ( ! REF]5CES H]E >E MORE SPECIFIC4 ,DEBORD HAS PO9T$ \T ?AT 0! ?IEF :O NO LONG] NE$S TO /EAL10 = EXAMPLE1 WAS ,FRANCOIS ,BESSE1 ! =M] ACCOMPLICE ( ,JACQUES ,MESR9E1 :O HAS DISAPPE>$ )\T TRACE4 .<,MALCOLM ,IMRIE.> ,JACQUES ,MESR9E WAS A NOTORI\S ,FR5* BANK-ROBB] :O WAS KILL$ BY ! POLICE 9 #a#i#g#i4 ,G]>D ,LEBOVICI RE-PR9T$ HIS AUTOBIOGRAPHY1 ,L'9/9CT DE MORT -- :I* HAD BE5 BANN$ BY ! ,M9I/RY ( ,JU/ICE -- %ORTLY !REAFT]4 ,= MORE ON ,LEBOVICI1 SEE FOOTNOTE .<#a.>4 

.<#c#e.> ,ON #bc ,FEBRU>Y #a#i#h#a1 ,LIEUT5ANT-,COLONEL ,ANTONIO ,TEJ]O -- TOGE!R ) AN >M$ GR\P ( #b (FIC]S FROM ! ,CIVILIAN ,GU>D -- /ORM$ 9TO ! ,SPANI% ,CONGRESS ( ,DEPUTIES1 :I* WAS ! L[] H\SE ( ! ,CORTES4 ,SEV]AL H\RS LAT]1 ,K+ ,JUAN ,C>LOS HELD A NATIONALLY TELEVIS$ SPEE*1 DUR+ :I* HE PROCLAIM$ HIS CONDEMNATION ( ! C\P & HIS BELIEF ?AT ,SPA9'S 0DEMOCRATIC0 PROCESS 7! ELECTION ( A NEW ,PRIME ,M9I/]7 %\LD CONT9UE PEACEFULLY4 ,AT NOON1 ,TEJ]O & HIS M5 SURR5D]$ )\T H>M+ ANYONE4 ,IT IS ?\<T ?AT ! ,K+ HIMSELF ORD]$ ! PHONY C\P AS A WAY ( 9CREAS+ HIS DW9DL+ P[] & POPUL>ITY4 

.<#c#f.> ,ON #g ,JULY #a#i#h#e1 ! ,FR5* SECRET S]VICES BLEW UP ! 0,RA9B[ ,W>RIOR10 ! FLAG%IP ( ! ,GRE5PEACE ,ORGANIZATION1 :ILE IT WAS DOCK$ 9 ,AUCKL& ,H>BOR1 ,NEW ,ZEAL&4 ,AT ! TIME1 ,GRE5PEACE WAS CONDUCT+ PROTE/S AGA9/ ! TE/+ ( NUCLE> WEAPONS BY ! ,FR5* GOV]NM5T 9 ! ,S\? ,PACIFIC4 

.<#c#f.> ,ON #g ,JULY #a#i#h#e1 ! ,FR5* SECRET S]VICES BLEW UP ! 0,RA9B[ ,W>RIOR10 ! FLAG%IP ( ! ,GRE5PEACE ,ORGANIZATION1 :ILE IT WAS DOCK$ 9 ,AUCKL& ,H>BOR1 ,NEW ,ZEAL&4 ,AT ! TIME1 ,GRE5PEACE WAS CONDUCT+ PROTE/S AGA9/ ! TE/+ ( NUCLE> WEAPONS BY ! ,FR5* GOV]NM5T 9 ! ,S\? ,PACIFIC4 

.<#c#h.> ,A REF]5CE TO ,NICCOLO ,MA*IAVELLI'S ,! ,PR9CE1 WRITT5 9 ,ITALIAN 9 #a#e#a#b4 ,! FOLL[+ PASSAGE FROM ?IS CLASSIC WORK IS CLE>LY RELEVANT TO ,DEBORD'S DISCUSSION ( ,NORIEGA'S RELATION%IP ) ! ,C,I,A3 

0,I %ALL REM9D PR9CES :O HAVE SEIZ$ A NEW /ATE = !MSELVES BY 5C\RAG+ SUBV]SION ?AT !Y %\LD C>EFULLY REFLECT ON ! MOTIVES ( ?OSE :O HELP$ HIM4 ,IF !SE W]E NOT BAS$ ON A NATURAL AFFECTION = ! NEW PR9CE1 BUT RA!R ON DISCONT5T ) ! EXI/+ GOV]NM5T1 HE WILL RETA9 !IR FRI5D%IP ONLY ) CONSID]ABLE DIFFICULTY & EX]TION1 BECAUSE IT WILL BE IMPOSSIBLE = HIM 9 HIS TURN TO SATISFY !M40 

.<#c#i.> ,A REF]5CE TO ,BRITI% ,PRIME ,M9I/] ,H>OLD ,WILSON1 :O WAS =C$ TO RESIGN ON #af ,M>* #a#i#g#f1 ?REE YE>S BE=E ! NEXT S*$UL$ ELECTION4 

.<#d.> ,= EXAMPLE3 ! RELATION%IP BETWE5 ! ,BUNDESNA*RI*T5DI5/ 7,F$]AL ,9TELLIG5CE ,S]VICE1 F\ND$ AFT] ,WORLD ,W> ,I,I BY ,RI*>D ,GEHL571 & ! ,C,I,A3 0,! ,P5TAGON ABSORB$ .<,GEHL5'S.> ORGANIZATION 9 ITS 5TIRETY 9 ! BELIEF ,GEHL5 HAD AN EFFICI5T 9TELLIG5CE NETWORK /RET*+ RI<T 9TO ! ,KREML9 ITSELF4 ,AS E>LY AS #a#i#d#i1 AN 9=M] 9 ONE ( ! EMIGRE ORGANIZATIONS US$ BY ,GEHL5 RECKON$ ?AT AB\T N9ETY P]C5T ( ALL 9TELLIG5CE REA*+ ! ,AM]ICANS WAS FALSE .<444.> ,FALSE 9TELLIG5CE FROM ! ,GEHL5 ORGANIZATION TO ! ,AM]ICANS WAS A MAJOR FACTOR 9 ! RISE ( ! ,COLD ,W>40 ,/U>T ,*RI/IE1 ,/EPHANO ,DELLE ,*IAIE3 ,PORTRAIT ( A ,BLACK ,T]RORI/ 7,LONDON1 #a#i#h#d74 ,SEE REC5TLY DECLASSIFI$ DOCUM5TS = MORE 9=MATION4 

.<#d#a.> ,! ,AM]ICAN ,PRESID5T ,JOHN ,F4 ,K5N$Y WAS ASSASS9AT$1 SUPPOS$LY BY ,LEE ,H>VEY ,OSWALD1 ON #bb ,NOVEMB] #a#i#f#c4 ,! =M] ,ITALIAN ,PRIME ,M9I/] ,ALDO ,MORO WAS EXECUT$1 SUPPOS$LY BY ! ,R$ ,BRIGADES1 ON #i ,MAY #a#i#g#h4 7,= MORE ON ,MORO1 SEE FOOTNOTES .<#b#c.> & .<#d#d.>47 ,! ,SW$I% ,PRIME ,M9I/] ,OLAF ,PALME WAS ASSASS9AT$ BY AN UNKN[N GUNMAN ON #bh ,FEBRU>Y #a#i#h#f4 ,POPE ,JOHN ,PAUL ,I DI$ ( A V]Y MY/]I\S HE>T ATTACK ON #bh ,SEPTEMB] #a#i#g#h1 ONLY #cc DAYS AFT] HIS ELECTION4 ,AMONG 0SOME O!RS :O W]E WOR? MORE ?AN ALL ( !M10 ,DEBORD W\LD SURELY 9CLUDE HIS FRI5D & PUBLI%]1 ,G]>D ,LEBOVICI 7SEE FOOTNOTE .<#a.>74 

.<#d#b.> ,! PRECISE BEG9N+ ( ?IS CONFLU5CE MI<T BE SET 9 #a#i#d#b1 :5 -- 9 ! AFT]MA? ( ! MAFIA'S DE/RUCTION ( A LUXURY CRUISE %IP 7! ,NORM&IE7 ?AT1 :ILE DOCK$ 9 ,NEW ,YORK'S H>BOR1 WAS BE+ R5OVAT$ TO S]VE AS A TROOP-C>RI] -- ! ,(FICE ( ,NAVAL ,9TELLIG5CE 7,O,N,I7 S\<T \T & RECEIV$ ASSI/ANCE FROM ! IMPRISON$ MOB BOSS ,*>LES 70,LUCKY07 ,LUCIANO4 ,EV5TUALLY GRANT$ E>LY RELEASE FROM PRISON1 ,LUCIANO ALSO HELP$ ! ,O,N,I NEGOTIATE AN AGREEM5T ) ! ,MAFIA CONC]N+ ! 9VASION ( ,SICILY4 ,ON #i ,JULY #a#i#d#c1 ! ,ALLIES L&$ ON ! ,ITALIAN ISL& FLY+ ,MAFIA COLORS4 

.<#d#c.> ,9 #a#i#h#a1 ,DEBORD DEVOT$ AN ESSAY TO ?IS SUBJECT4 

.<#d#d.> ,SEE FOOTNOTE .<#d#b.>4 

.<#d#e.> ,H]E ,DEBORD MAKES S>CA/IC USE ( ! PHRASE 0HI/ORIC COMPROMISE10 :I* WAS FIR/ US$ TO DESCRIBE ! HI<LY PUBLICIZ$ & ULTIMATELY UNSUCCESSFUL EF=TS ( ,PRIME ,M9I/] ,ALDO ,MORO TO BR+ ! ,ITALIAN ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY 9TO ,ITALY'S RUL+ COALITION4 ,UPON ?IS FIR/ 0COMPROMISE10 ,DEBORD HAS SUP]IMPOS$ ANO!R ONE3 ! SECRET & V]Y SUCCESSFUL COMPROMISE REA*$ BETWE5 ! ,MAFIA & ! ,ITALIAN /ATE1 :I* IS ONCE AGA9 ID5TIFI$ ) OR R$UC$ TO 0! P>ALLEL GOV]NM5T0 7SEE FOOTNOTE .<#b#c.>74 ,! 9T5T ( ?IS SUP]IMPOSITION IS ITSELF D\BL$3 TO UND]L9E ! PO9T MADE AB\T FALSE ATTACKS 7SEE FOOTNOTE .<#c#e.>71 & TO SUGGE/ ! DEGREE ( COLLUSION BETWE5 APP>5TLY UNRELAT$ & EV5 OPPOS+ =CES ACTIVE 9 ! SPECTACLE4 

.<#d#f.> ,TO PICK TWO EXAMPLES AMONG MANY3 ,LUIGI ,CALABRESI1 ! ,POLICE ,9SPECTOR 9 *>GE ( 9VE/IGAT+ V>I\S T]RORI/ BOMB+S ?AT TOOK PLACE 9 #a#i#f#i1 WAS KILL$ ON #ag ,MAY #a#i#g#b2 & ,VITTORIO ,OCCORSIO1 ! JUDGE 9VE/IGAT+ ! ,ITALICUS TRA9 BOMB+ ( #a#i#g#d1 WAS KILL$ ON #ad ,JUNE #a#i#g#f4 

.<#d#g.> ,JAURES WAS ASSASS9AT$ 9 ! ,*OPE DU ,CROISSANT 7N[ ! ,CAFE ,*OPE DU ,CROISSANT71 #adf RUE ,MONTM>TRE1 ON #c#a1 ,JULY #a#i#a#d4 .<,MALCOLM ,IMRIE.> 

.<#d#h.> ,! 0NEW G5]ATION ( ! NEGATIVE0 TO :I* ,DEBORD REF]S 9CLUD$ ! ,DADAI/S4 

.<#d#i.> ,9 ,DONALD ,LATE9]'S REVISION ( ,RI*>D ,CRAWLEY'S TRANSLATION 7,B>NES @& ,NOBLE ,CLASSICS1 #b#f71 PP4 #d#i#e-#d#i#f1 ?IS PASSAGE READS AS FOLL[S3 0,H[EV]1 ! ,ASSEMBLY & ! ,C\NCIL *OS5 BY LOT /ILL MET NOT)/&+1 AL?\< !Y DISCUSS$ NO?+ ?AT WAS NOT APPROV$ ( BY ! CONSPIRATORS1 :O BO? SUPPLI$ ! SPEAK]S1 & REVIEW$ 9 ADVANCE :AT !Y W]E TO SAY4 ,FE>1 & ! SI<T ( ! NUMB]S ( ! CONSPIRATORS1 CLOS$ ! M\?S ( ! RE/2 OR IF ANY V5TUR$ TO RISE 9 OPPOSITION1 HE WAS PRES5TLY PUT TO DEA? 9 SOME CONV5I5T WAY1 & !RE WAS NEI!R SE>* = ! MURD]]S NOR JU/ICE TO BE HAD AGA9/ !M IF SUSPECT$2 BUT ! PEOPLE REMA9$ MOTIONLESS1 BE+ SO ?OR\<LY C[$ ?AT M5 ?\<T !MSELVES LUCKY TO ESCAPE VIOL5CE1 EV5 :5 !Y HELD !IR TONGUES4 ,AN EXAGG]AT$ BELIEF 9 ! NUMB]S ( ! CONSPIRATORS ALSO DEMORALIZ$ ! PEOPLE1 R5D]$ HELPLESS BY ! MAGNITUDE ( ! CITY1 & BY !IR WANT ( 9TELLIG5CE ) EA* O!R1 & BE+ ) MEANS ( F9D+ \T :AT ?OSE NUMB]S REALLY W]E4 ,= ! SAME REASON IT WAS IMPOSSIBLE = ANY ONE TO OP5 HIS GRIEF TO A NEI<BOR & TO CONC]T MEASURES TO DEF5D HIMSELF1 AS HE W\LD HAVE TO SPEAK EI!R TO ONE HE DID NOT KN[1 OR :OM HE KNEW BUT DID NOT TRU/4 ,9DE$ ALL ! POPUL> P>TY APPROA*$ EA* O!R ) SUSPICION1 EA* ?9K+ HIS NEI<BOR CONC]N$ 9 :AT WAS GO+ ON1 ! CONSPIRATORS HAV+ 9 !IR RANKS P]SONS :OM NO ONE C\LD EV] HAVE BELIEV$ CAPABLE ( JO9+ AN OLIG>*Y2 & !SE IT WAS :O MADE ! MANY SO SUSCIPICI\S1 & SO HELP$ TO PROCURE IMPUNITY = ! FEW1 BY CONFIRM+ ! COMMONS 9 !IR MI/RU/ ( ONE ANO!R40 

.<#e.> ,ONE EXAMPLE W\LD BE ! 0,PALLAD90 ORGANIZATION 7ALSO KN[N AS 0,! ,GU]RILLAS ( ,*RI/ ! ,K+071 :I* WAS F\ND$ 9 ,SPA9 BY EX-,NAZI ,OTTO ,SKORZ5Y 9 ! LATE #a#i#fS4 ,LIKE ! ,G,A,L 7FOOTNOTE .<#b#i.>71 ,PALLAD9 WAS 9VOLV$ 9 ! ASSASS9ATION ( ,E,T,A SEP>ATI/S :O HAD ESCAP$ TO ,FRANCE4 ,O!R 0SPECIAL .<DEA?.> SQUADS0 9CLUDE ! ,BOLIVIAN GR\P ( EX-,NAZIS CALL$ 0,! ,FIANCES ( ,DEA?10 & ,/EFANO ,DELLE ,*IAIE'S 9T]NATIONAL NETWORK1 0,! ,BLACK ,OR*E/RA40 

.<#e#a.> ,ON #b ,OCTOB] #a#i#f#h1 POLICE OP5$ FIRE ON /UD5T DEMON/RATORS 9 ,PLAZA DE LAS ,TRES ,CULTURAS 9 ,MEXICO ,CITY1 KILL+ MANY4 ,DUR+ ! PREC$+ =TNI<T1 AT LEA/ FIFTY MORE /UD5TS HAD BE5 KILL$ DUR+ POLICE ATTACKS ON /RIKE MEET+S & ! UNIV]SITY CAMPUS4 .<,MALCOLM ,IMRIE.> ,SEE FOOTNOTE .<#c#c.>4 

.<#e#b.> ,IT IS POSSIBLE ?AT ?IS P>AGRAPH & ! ONE ?AT FOLL[S IT >E DISCUSS+ ! ,5CYCLOP$IA ( ,NUISANCES 7,$,N71 A SITUATIONI/-9SPIR$ J\RNAL F\ND$ 9 #aihd BY ,JAIME ,SEMPRUN & ! EX-SITU ,*RI/IAN ,SEBA/IANI4 ,= A CRITIQUE ( ! ,$,N1 & ,DEBORD'S ROLE 9 IT1 SEE ! TEXT BY ,JEAN-,FRANCOIS ,M>TOS & ,JEAN-,PI]RE ,BAUDET 5TITL$ ,! ,5CYCLOP$IA ( ,P[]S4 

.<#e#c.> 0,ROME IS NO LONG] 9 ,ROME40 ,! QUOTATION IS FROM A L9E 9 ,RAC9E'S ,MI?RIDATES3 ,ROME N'E/ PLUS DANS ,ROME2 ELLE E/ T\TE \ JE SUIS4 .<,MALCOLM ,IMRIE.> ,?AT LA/ PHRASE 9 ,FR5* MEANS1 0,IT .<,ROME.> IS EV]Y:]E ,I AM40 

.<#e#d.> ,IT IS SAID ?AT ONE ( ! REASONS :Y ,DONALD ,NI*OLSON-,SMI?'S #aiid TRANSLATION ( ,! ,SOCIETY ( ! ,SPECTACLE WAS NOT 0AU?ORIZ$0 BY ,DEBORD WAS ! FACT ?AT HE BELIEV$ ?AT ,ZONE ,BOOKS 7DI/RIBUT$ BY ! ,MASSACUSETTS ,9/ITUTE ( ,TE*NOLOGY7 WAS FUND$ BY ! ,C5TRAL ,9TELLIG5CE ,AG5CY4 

.<#e#e.> ,! ,FR5* IS1 ,SALUT1 LES >TI/ES6 ,TANT PIS SI JE ME TROMPES4 ,! OLD L[-LIFE GREET+ WAS1 ,SALUT1 LES HOMMES4 ,DEBORD HAS SUB/ITUT$ 0>TI/S0 = 0M540 .<,MALCOLM ,IMRIE.> 

.<#e#f.> ,ISIDOR ,DUCASSE WAS ( C\RSE ! ,COMTE DE ,LAUTREAMONT4 ,AUGU/E ,MACQUET 7OR ,MAQUET71 A HI/ORIAN1 WAS ONE ( ,DUMAS ,P]E'S *IEF LIT]>Y COLLABORATORS4 ,EMILE ,]CKMANN & ,ALEX&RE ,*ATRIAN 7#a#h#b#b-#i#i & #a#h#b#f-#i7 WROTE SEV]AL NOVELS & PLAYS TOGE!R OV] SOME =TY YE>S1 MANY ( !M SET 9 !IR NATIVE ,ALSACE4 ,C5SI]-,DAUB5TON IS A ,P>IS ,METRO /ATION4 .<,MALCOLM ,IMRIE.> ,DEBORD WAS GREATLY 9FLU5C$ BY ,LAUTREAMONT1 ESPECIALLY HIS ,POESIES 7#a#h#g71 FROM :I* ,! ,SOCIETY ( ! ,SPECTACLE 7#a#i#f#g7 PLAGI>IZ$ ! FOLL[+ FAM\S PASSAGE3 

0,IDEAS IMPROVE4 ,! MEAN+ ( WORDS HAS A P>T 9 ! IMPROVEM5T4 ,PLAGI>ISM IS NECESS>Y4 ,PROGRESS IMPLIES IT4 ,PLAGI>ISM TAKES AN AU?OR'S PHRASE1 USES HIS EXPRESSIONS1 ]ASES A FALSE IDEA1 REPLACES IT ) ! CORRECT ONE4 
0 

.<#e#g.> ,DEBORD IS QUOT+ FROM HIS FILM1 ,9 GIRUM IMUS NOCTE ET CONSUMIMUR IGNI4 .<,MALCOLM ,IMRIE.> 

.<#e#h.> ,ACCORD+ TO ,LUIS ,MANUEL ,GONZALES ,MATA1 A SPY 9 ! EMPLOY ( ! ,FRANCO REGIME3 0,AG5TS1 :5 !Y HAVE NO FUR!R 9=MATION TO REPORT1 9V5T SOME2 :5 !RE >E NO MORE \TRAGES TO BE PREV5T$1 !Y PROVOKE SOME2 :5 !RE IS NO LONG] ANY EXTREMI/ ORGANIZATION TO 9FILTRATE1 !Y SET SOME UP40 

.<#e#i.> ,LIKELY C&IDATES = MANIPULAT$ !ORIES W\LD HAVE TO 9CLUDE ?OSE ADVANC$ BY ! 0DOCTR9AIRES ( '>M$ /RUGGLE'0 7SEE FOOTNOTE .<#b#b.>72 & SU* 0NEW PHILOSOPH]S0 AS ,B]N>D-,H5RI ,LEVY4 ,NOTE AS WELL ?AT1 9 HIS #aige FILM1 ,REFUTATION ( ,ALL ! ,JUDGM5TS1 ,PRO OR ,CON1 ,?US ,F> ,R5D]$ ON ! ,FILM 0,! ,SOCIETY ( ! ,SPECTACLE10 ,DEBORD REF]S TO 0! DESOLATE WALLS ( ,V9C5NES ,UNIV]SITY10 & GOES ON TO SAY3 0,)9 LIV+ MEMORY NO ,V9C5NES /UD5T HAS EV] COME UP ) A S+LE !ORY4 ,?IS IS NO D\BT :Y WE >E CURR5TLY SEE+ SOME ( !M ADVOCATE 'ANTI-!ORY4' ,:AT ELSE C\LD !Y P>LAY 9TO AN ASSI/ANT PR(ESSOR%IP 9 ?AT NEO-UNIV]SITY80 ,DEBORD'S DISLIKE ( ,V9C5NES !ORI/S WAS 9 P>T A RESPONSE TO !IR !ORIES1 BUT ALSO TO !IR MEANS ( SUPPORT+ !MSELVES4 ,MI*EL ,F\CAULT 0UND]TOOK A NUMB] ( RESE>* PROJECTS = ! ,M9I/]E DE L',EQUIPM5T 9 ! #a#i#gS .<444.> ,MANY WELL KN[N SOCIOLOGI/S & PHILOSOPH]S P>TICIPAT$ 9 RESE>* F9ANC$ BY ?IS ,M9I/RY1 SU* AS ,DELEUZE & ,GUATT>I :O ALSO UND]TOOK CONTRACT RESE>* .<444.> ,LEFEBVRE PO9TS \T ?AT RECUP]ATION HAS TAK5 A SPECIFIC =M 9 ! YE>S AFT] #aifh 9 ?AT TE*NOCRATS GOT ! CRITICS !MSELVES TO WORK \T :AT W\LD BE APPLICABLE \T ( ! RADICAL CRITIQUE4 ,MANY ,M>XI/S SOCIOLOGI/S AT ?IS TIME ACCEPT$ CONTRACTS FROM ,/ATE M9I/RIES40 ,ELEONORE ,K(MAN & ,ELIZABE? ,LEBAS1 TRANSLATORS' 9TRODUCTION TO ,H5RI ,LEFEBVRE1 ,WRIT+S ON ,CITIES 7,BLACKWELL1 #a#i#i#f74 ,AS = 0CADRI/10 IT REF]S TO CADRES1 BUS9ESS EXECUTIVES4 

.<#f.> ,FOLL[+ ,DEBORD'S LETT] TO ,$ITIONS ,ANAGRAMA DAT$ #g ,JUNE #a#i#h#i1 WE HAVE TRANSLAT$ ?IS PASSAGE DIRECTLY FROM ! ,SPANI%4 

.<#f#a.> ,BECAUSE ( ,DEBORD'S USE ( A S]IES ( PR$ICTIONS TO CONCLUDE HIS ,COMM5TS1 ONE FEELS COM=TABLE 9 M5TION+ ?AT1 JU/ F\R YE>S AFT] HIS BOOK WAS PUBLI%$ & 9 ! AFT]MA? ( ! #aiia COLLAPSE ( ! ,SOVIET ,UNION1 SOME ( ! PEOPLE :O W\LD LAT] GO ON TO =M ! 0,PROJECT = A ,NEW ,AM]ICAN ,C5TURY0 W]E TRY+ TO CONV9CE !N-,PRESID5T ,GEORGE ,H4 ,BU% ?AT ! TIME WAS RI<T = ! ,U,S,A TO TAKE OV] ! WORLD4 ,?\< !SE PEOPLE 7,DICK ,*5EY1 ,PAUL ,WOLF[ITZ1 & ,DONALD ,RUMSFELD1 AMONG !M7 FAIL$ TO CONV9CE HIM1 !Y EV5TUALLY SUCC$$ ) HIS SON1 ,GEORGE ,W4 ,BU%1 :O WAS ! SELF-AV[$ ,PRESID5T ( ! C\NTRY ON #aa ,SEPTEMB] #b#a4 ,EV] S9CE !N -- ) & ?R\< ,AM]ICA'S MILIT>Y 9T]V5TIONS 9 ,AF<ANI/AN1 ,IRAQ & ,HAITI -- ! EF=TS TO CREATE A ,NEW ,AM]ICAN ,EMPIRE HAVE BE5 GO+ FULL-/EAM4 

,FROM 3 ,!,AN>*I/,LIBR>Y4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,JANU>Y #d1 #bba 3 ,COMM5TS ON ! ,SOCIETY ( ! ,SPECTACLE -- ,ADD$4 
,JANU>Y #d1 #bbb 3 ,COMM5TS ON ! ,SOCIETY ( ! ,SPECTACLE -- ,UPDAT$4 

 FILE G5]AT$ FROM 3  
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