,*APT] #f 
,! ,*9ESE ,TRAG$Y 

#aiceaice 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,GUY ,ALDR$ 

,TEXT 3 

,! COLLAPSE ( ! GREAT ,*9ESE REVOLUTION>Y MOVEM5T ( #a#i#b#e-#b#g IS A /&+ HI/ORICAL CONDEMNATION ( ! ,COMMUNI/ ,9T]NATIONAL4 ,CLO!D 9 ! =MAL AU?ORITY ( ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION & ! ,COM9T]N1 ,/AL9 & ,BU*>9 PROHIBIT$ ! ,*9ESE PROLET>IAT FROM /RUGGL+ = P[]4 ,!Y US$ ! PRE/IGE ( ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION TO DE/ROY ! ,*9ESE ,REVOLUTION & !Y EMPLOY$ ! ,SOVIETS ( ,RUSSIA TO PREV5T ! =MATION ( ! ,SOVIETS ( ,*9A4 ,!Y MADE HI/ORY BO? REPEAT & P>ODY ITSELF2 = !Y PLAY$ EXACTLY ! SAME P>T DUR+ ! ,*9ESE /RUGGLE AS !Y HAD PLAY$ 9 ! ,BOL%EVIK DISCUSSIONS FROM ,APRIL TO ,MAY #a#i#a#g1 :5 !Y OBJECT$ TO ! V]Y 9SURRECTION ?AT MADE POSSIBLE F9ALLY ,/AL9'S RISE TO P[]4 ,!Y TRANSLAT$ ,M5%EVISM 9TO ! LANGUAGE ( ,*9ESE POLITICS4 ,NAPOLEON ,I,I,I1 AS ,M>X SAID1 WAS ! NEPHEW BURLESQU+ ! UNCLE & HIS C\P D'ETAT WAS HI/ORY REPEAT+ ITSELF 2 ONCE A TRAG$Y1 & !N A F>CE4 ,/AL9 & ,BU*>9 PRES5T$ ! F>CE FIR/ & ! TRAG$Y AFT]W>DS4 ,NAPOLEON ,I,I,I HAD ABDICAT$ BE=E ! ,COMMUNE2 BUT ! ,RUSSIAN 0,NAPOLEON ,! ,LITTLE'S0 S\<T PRE/IGE FROM ! CAPITALI/ BUT*]Y1 :IL/ CLAIM+ TO BE ! ,COMMUN>DS P]PETUAT+ ! ,COMMUNE4 

,SUN ,YAT ,S5 FL\RI%$ #ahff TO #a#i#b#e4 ,HE WAS ! FA!R ( ! ,*9ESE ,NATIONALI/ MOVEM5T & F\ND$ ! ,K\ ,M9 ,TANG4 ,9 #a#i#a#a1 HE BECAME ,PROVISIONAL ,PRESID5T ( ! ,*9ESE ,REPUBLIC & WAS HEAD ( ! ,CANTON ,NATIONALI/ ,GOV]NM5T UNTIL HIS DEA?4 

,K\ ,M9 ,TANG MEANS1 LIT]ALLY1 ! ,PEOPLE'S ,P>TY4 ,IT WAS F\ND$ & ORGANIZ$ UND] ?AT NAME BY ,SUN ,YAT ,S5 9 #a#i#a#a-#a#b4 ,IT HAD A PETTY B\RGEOIS1 NATIONALI/1 SEMI-,SOCIALI/1 & V]Y SEMI-,SOCIALI/ F\NDATION4 ,UND] ,SUN ,YAT ,S5 ITS PLAT=M CONSI/$ ( ?REE PLANKS 3 ,NATIONALISM1 ,DEMOCRACY1 & ,SOCIALISM4 ,ITS SUCCESSORS =GOT ! SECOND & ?IRD PLANKS & DEF9$ ! FIR/ AS ,IMP]IALISM1 ,MILIT>ISM1 & ,P[]4 ,! ,COMMUNI/S 5T]$ ! ,K\ ,M9 ,TANG 9 #a#i#b#b1 :5 IT WAS REORGANIZ$1 & ADMITT$ 9TO ! ,COMMUNI/ ,9T]NATIONAL AS A SYMPA!TIC P>TY4 

,AS E>LY AS #a#i#b#c1 ,TROTSKY WAS OPPOS$ RESOLUTELY TO ! RIS+ ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY ( ,*9A JO9+ ! ,K\ ,M9 ,TANG1 & HE WAS AGA9/ ! ACCEPTANCE ( ! ,K\ ,M9 ,TANG 9TO ! ,COM9T]N4 ,RADEK & ,Z9OVIEV OPPOS$ HIM 9 ?IS ATTITUDE & ,RAKOVSKY WAS 9 ,P>IS & UNACQUA9T$ ) ! FACTS & 9CAPABLE ( EX]CIS+ ANY 9FLU5CE4 ,9 #a#i#b#e1 ,TROTSKY AGA9 PROPOS$ =MALLY ?AT ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY LEAVE ! ,K\ ,M9 ,TANG4 ,?IS WAS REJECT$ UNANIM\SLY BY ! O!R MEMB]S ( ! ,POLITICAL ,BUREAU4 ,UP TO #a#i#b#f1 ,TROTSKY VOT$ 9DEP5D5TLY & AGA9/ ALL O!RS 9 ! ,POLITICAL ,BUREAU ON ?IS QUE/ION4 ,DUR+ ?IS YE> & #a#i#b#g1 HE HAD UN9T]RUPT$ CONFLICTS ) ,Z9OVIEV & HIS SUPPORT]S ON ! MATT]2 BUT 9 ,APRIL #aibg ,Z9OVIEV EMBRAC$ ! ,OPPOSITION VIEWPO9T1 & PRES5T$ HIS !SIS ON ! ,*9ESE ,REVOLUTION TO ! ,POLITICAL ,BUREAU ( ! ,C5TRAL ,COMMITTEE ( ! ,C4,P4,S4,U4 ON ! #a#e? ( ?AT MON?4 ,BY WAY ( REW>D1 HE WAS REMOV$ FROM HIS POSITION 9 ! ,COMMUNI/ ,9T]NATIONAL & ! P>TY'S ,POLITICAL ,BUREAU & EXPELL$ FROM ! P>TY4 ,HE CAPITULAT$ & WAS GIV5 A M9OR ADM9I/RATIVE PO/4 ,OBVI\SLY1 ! ,*9ESE QUE/ION1 I4E41 ! SUPPORT ( ! ,K\ M9 ,TANG1 WAS ! ACID TE/ ( ,BOL%EVISM AT ?IS TIME4 

,! ,AM]ICAN ,DAILY ,WORK]1 9 ITS ISSUE = ,APRIL #b#c1 #a#i#b#e1 PUBLI%$ ! DEA?-B$ MESSAGE ( ,SUN ,YAT ,S51 UND] ! HEAD+3 

0,S,U,N ,Y,A,T,S,5 ,9 ,L,A,/ ,M,E,S,S,A,G,E ,G,R,E,E,T,$ ,S,O,V,I,E,T40 

0 ,L,5,9 ,%,[,$ ,! ,W,A,Y ,T,O ,F,R,E,$,O,M40 

,! COMMUNICATION WAS DAT$ ,PEK91 ,APRIL #b#b1 & /AT$ ?AT1 0 FEEL+ ! APPROA* ( HIS DEA?1 ,DR4 ,SUN ,YAT ,S5 CALL$ ! MEMB]S ( ! ,C5TRAL ,COMMITTEE ( ! ,K\ ,M9 ,TANG0 TOGE!R & HAD A 0 MESSAGE DRAFT$ TO ! ,C5TRAL ,EXECUTIVE ( ! ,U4,S4,S4,R410 :I* HE SIGN$ ) HIS [N H&4 ,?IS MESSAGE PROV$ ?AT ,SUN ,YAT ,S5'S \TLOOK WAS SIMIL> TO ?AT ( ,MAZZ9I4 ,LIKE ,MAZZ9I HE EXP\ND$ S9C]E S5TIM5TS1 BUT !IR V]Y S9C]ITY CONDEMN$ HIS UND]/&+ & REVEAL$ HIS IDEALI/IC 9ABILITY TO VISUALIZE ! SOCIAL CONFLICT4 ,SUN ,YAT ,S5 SIMPLY DID NOT REALIZE ! MEAN+ ( ,SOCIALISM & POSSESS$ NO GRASP ( ! ,CLASS ,/RUGGLE4 ,HE IS NOT TO BE CONDEMN$ = HIS FAILURE TO UND]/& ! REAL ISSUE & HE MAY BE WOR?Y ( PRAISE = HIS ALLEGIANCE TO PR9CIPLES ?AT TOOK HIM 9TO EXILE & MADE HIM ! SUBJECT ( POSSIBLE ASSASS9ATION = MANY YE>S4 ,! L(T9ESS ( HIS IDEALISM DID NOT MAKE HIM ! PROPAG&I/ ( ! POOR & IT WAS ABSURD = ANY ADVOCATE ( PROLET>IAN EMANCIPATION TO PLACE HIS FAI? 9 ,SUN ,YAT ,S5'S PROGRAM4 ,IT IS NOT ,S5 ?AT %\LD BE CONDEMN$ = 5T]TA9+ & PROCLAIM+ HIS IDEAS BUT ! ,COM9T]N = DEEM+ HIM AN ALLY4 ,?AT GE/URE ( WELCOME TO ! ,*9ESE LEAD] E/ABLI%$ ! FUTILITY & IMPOT5CE ( ! ,RUSSIAN LEAD]S4 ,BUT ,S5 WAS SUCCE$$ BY LEAD]S :O W]E UNWOR?Y ( BE+ RANK$ ) HIM = IDEALISM4 ,) HIM !Y PROCE$$ FROM ! /&PO9T ?AT ,*9A WAS A SEMI-COLONIAL C\NTRY1 SUBJECT$ TO ! YOKE ( AN ALI5 IMP]IALISM4 ,!Y PLAY$ !IR P>T 9 ! /RUGGLE NOT AS PROPHETS BUT AS ADV5TUR]S4 ,TO HONOR !SE SUCCESSORS ( ! F\ND] ( ! ,K\ ,M9 ,TANG WAS TO ID5TIFY ! ,COM9T]N ) A PROGRAM ( ACTION ?AT WAS A LONG WAY REMOV$ EV5 FROM ! IDEALS ( ,SUN ,YAT ,S54 ,! COMPROMISE WAS NOT ONLY FATAL1 BUT IT REPRES5T$ A MORTAL DEG5]ACY4 

,! TEXT ( ,SUN ,YAT ,S5'S MESSAGE WAS AS FOLL[S 3 

0 ,MY ,DE> ,COMRADES3 

,AS ,I LIE H]E1 ) A MALADY ?AT IS BEYOND M5'S SKILL MY ?\<TS TURN TO Y\ & TO ! FUTURE ( MY P>TY & MY C\NTRY4 

,Y\ >E ! HEAD ( A UNION ( FREE REPUBLICS :I* IS ! REAL H]ITAGE ?AT ! IMMORTAL ,L59 HAS LEFT TO ! WORLD ( ! OPPRESS$ PEOPLES4 ,?R\< ?IS H]ITAGE1 ! VICTIMS ( IMP]IALISM >E DE/9$ TO SECURE !IR FRE$OM & DELIV]ANCE FROM AN 9T]NATIONAL SY/EM :OSE F\NDATIONS LIE 9 ANCI5T SLAV]IES & W>S & 9JU/ICES4 

,I AM LEAV+ BEH9D ME A P>TY :I* ,I HOP$ W\LD BE ASSOCIAT$ ) Y\ 9 ! HI/ORIC WORK ( COMPLETELY LIB]AT+ ,*9A & O!R EXPLOIT$ C\NTRIES FROM ?IS IMP]IALI/ SY/EM4 ,FATE DECREES ?AT ,I MU/ LEAVE ! TASK UNF9I%$ & PASS IT ON TO ?OSE :O1 BY REMA9+ TRUE TO ! PR9CIPLES & TEA*+S ( ! P>TY1 WILL CON/ITUTE MY REAL FOLL[]S4 

,I HAVE1 !RE=E1 5JO9$ ! ,KUOM9TANG TO C>RY ON ! WORK ( ! NATIONAL REVOLUTION>Y MOVEM5T 9 ORD] ?AT ,*9A MAY BE FRE$ FROM ! SEMI-COLONIAL /ATUS :I* IMP]IALISM HAS IMPOS$ UPON H]4 ,TO ?IS 5D ,I HAVE *>G$ ! P>TY TO KEEP 9 CON/ANT T\* ) Y\1 & ,I LOOK ) CONFID5CE TO ! CONT9UANCE ( ! SUPPORT ?AT Y\R GOV]NM5T HAS H]ET(ORE EXT5D$ TO MY C\NTRY4 

,9 BIDD+ F>EWELL TO Y\1 DE> COMRADES1 ,I WI% TO EXPRESS ! F]V5T HOPE ?AT ! DAY MAY SOON DAWN :5 ! ,UNION ( ,SOVIET ,SOCIALI/ ,REPUBLICS WILL GREET1 AS A FRI5D & ALLY1 A /RONG & 9DEP5D5T ,*9A & ! TWO ALLIES MAY TOGE!R ADVANCE TO VICTORY 9 ! GREAT /RUGGLE = ! LIB]ATION ( ! OPPRESS$ PEOPLES ( ! WORLD4 

,) FRAT]NAL GREET+S1 

7,SIGN$7 ,SUN ,YAT ,S540 

,IF ,L59 %[$ ! WAY TO FRE$OM 9 ! S5SE ?AT ,SUN ,YAT ,S5 UND]/OOD1 IT MU/ BE CLE> ?AT ,L59ISM WAS A DEP>TURE FROM ,M>XISM & C]TA9LY ! ANTI!SIS ( ! PROLET>IAN REVOLUTION4 ,! ,COM9T]N WAS PLEAS$ AT ,S5'S TRIBUTE & WAS QUITE WILL+ TO DES]VE IT BY :OLESALE DEP>TURE FROM ! PR9CIPLES ( PROLET>IAN /RUGGLE4 ,IT ACCEPT$ ! P>TY ( ,SUN ,YAT ,S5 & DECL>$ ?AT IT WAS ! EMBODIM5T ( ! BLOC ( F\R CLASSES 9 ! ,*9ESE NATION2 ! WORK]S1 ! PEASANTS1 ! PETTY B\RGEOISIE1 & ! B\RGEOISIE ITSELF4 ,/AL9 DECL>$ ?AT ! ALI5 OPPRESSION WAS FELT BY ALL CLASSES 9 ! ,*9ESE NATION ) EQUAL SEV]ITY1 & ?AT ! ,*9ESE B\RGEOISIE MU/ BE SUPPORT$ BY ! MASSES ( WORK]S & PEASANTS 9 ! REVOLT & W> AGA9/ =EIGN ,IMP]IALISM4 ,?IS REVOLT NECESSITAT$ A REVOLUTION>Y ANTI-,IMP]IALI/ ,UNIT$ ,FRONT C5T]$ >\ND ! ,K\ ,M9 ,TANG4 ,! ,*9ESE ,COMMUNI/S W]E ORD]$ TO ACCEPT ! DECISIONS ( ! ,NATIONALI/ ,GOV]NM5T :I* E/ABLI%$ COMPULSORY >BITRATION1 & !Y W]E W>N$ BY ,MOSC[ NOT TO ORGANIZE ,SOVIETS BECAUSE ?AT W\LD M5ACE ! 0 REVOLUTION>Y C5T] 0 9 ,*9A4 

,?IS ,MOSC[ POLICY L$ DIRECTLY TO ! MASSACRE ( ! VANGU>D ( ! ,*9ESE PROLET>IAT & ! DE/RUCTION ( ! ,*9ESE ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY4 ,! P>TY WAS P]MITT$ TO POSSESS NO 9DEP5D5T CLASS \TLOOK4 ,IT WAS D5I$ ! RI<T TO CRITICIZE & IT ISSU$ A JO9T MANIFE/O ) ! ,K\ ,M9 ,TANG 9 :I* IT WAS ANN\NC$ ?AT ! DIFF]5CE BETWE5 ! TWO SECTIONS WAS ONLY 0 9 SOME DETAILS40 ,*IANG ,KAI ,%EK CONQU]$ L>GE SECTIONS ( T]RITORY ) ! AID ( ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY & ITS GULLIBLE PROLET>IAN FOLL[]S4 ,:]EV] HE TRIUMPH$1 ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY & ! ,TRADE ,UNIONS REMA9$ ILLEGAL4 ,UND] HIS FLAG ! RI* PEASANTS CONT9U$ TO [N ! L& & ! ,*9ESE ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY CONT9U$ TO RE/RA9 ! WORK]S FROM PROTE/ :IL/ IT URG$ ! POOR PEASANTS NOT TO RISE 9 REVOLT4 ,MOSC[ HAD WILL$ ?AT ! FUNCTION ( ! ,*9ESE ,P>TY WAS TO BETRAY ! PROLET>IAN & PEASANT MASSES & TO REMA9 IMPOT5T 9 ! REAL REVOLUTION>Y /RUGGLE4 ,9 OPPOSITION TO ,/AL9'S ATTITUDE1 ! ,TROTSKYI/ ,OPPOSITION DECL>$ ?AT ! ,NATIONALI/ >MIES W]E NOT ! >MIES ( PROLET>IAN REVOLUTION & ?AT ! ,K\ ,M9 ,TANG WAS NOT ! P>TY ( ! PROLET>IAT4 

,AID$ & ABETT$ BY ,/AL9 & ! ,*9ESE ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY1 ,*IANG ,KAI ,%EK & ! ,K\ ,M9 ,TANG EXECUT$ OV] ONE HUNDR$ ?\S& ,*9ESE ,COMMUNI/S 9 #a#i#b#g-#b#h4 ,ONLY A %ORT TIME BE=E !SE MASSACRES COMM5C$1 ,/AL9 HAD S5T ,*IANG ,KAI ,%EK HIS PICTURE ) AN EXPRESSION ( REG>DS & SOLID>ITY4 ,! 9K WAS H>DLY DRY ON ! REPORT ( ,/AL9'S ,MOSC[ ,SPEE* PRAIS+ ,*IANG ,KAI ,%EK AS A REVOLUTION>Y FI<T]1 :5 ! LATT] WIP$ \T ! V]Y FL[] ( ! ,*9ESE ,REVOLUTION4 ,! CATA/ROPHE ?AT OV] TOOK ! ,*9ESE ,REVOLUTION 9 #aibg WAS DUE TO ! POLICY ( ! ,COMMUNI/ ,9T]NATIONAL4 ,AS ! ,K\ ,MI9 ,TANG SWEPT NOR?W>DS & BECAME MORE & MORE P[]FUL1 ! ,*IANG ,KAI ,%EKS F\ND IT MORE & MORE NECESS>Y TO TURN !IR GUNS AGA9/ ! POOR WORK]S & PEASANTS :O W]E =M+ !IR [N ORGANIZATIONS & ?R[+ UP ,SOVIETS4 ,! ,K\ ,M9 ,TANG WAS NOT ABLE TO MAKE ITS REAL GE/URE AGA9/ ! POOR UNTIL IT WON ,%AN<AI4 ,P]SUAD$ BY ! ,COMMUNI/S ?AT ! ,K\ ,M9 ,TANG WAS ! P>TY ( ! WORK]S1 ! WORK]S ( ,%AN<AI DECL>$ A G5]AL /RIKE 9 ,APRIL #a#i#b#g1 OV]?REW ! REACTION>IES & E/ABLI%$ A ,SOCIALI/ ,PEOPLE'S ,GOV]NM5T4 ,! ,COMMUNI/S W]E REPRES5T$ 9 ?IS GOV]NM5T & URG$ ?AT WORD BE S5T TO ,*IANG ,KAI ,%EK ?AT IT WAS N[ SAFE = HIM TO 5T] ! CITY4 ,HE TOOK POSSESSION ( ! CITY1 ABOLI%$ ! GOV]NM5T & !N PROCE$$ TO SLAU<T] ?\S&S ( ,COMMUNI/S & WORK]S4 ,! PEOPLE RECOIL$ 9 HORROR FROM ! ,K\ ,M9 ,TANG ( ,*IANG ,KAI ,%EK1 BUT ! ,COMMUNI/ ,9T]NATIONAL APPEAL$ TO !M NOT TO LOSE FAI? 9 ! ,K\ ,M9 ,TANG BUT TO SUPPORT ! ,K\ ,M9 ,TANG ( ! LEFT AS OPPOS$ TO ! ,K\ ,M9 ,TANG ( ! RI<T4 ,! ,*9ESE WORK]S W]E TOLD TO PUT !IR FAI? 9 ! ,*RI/IAN ,G5]AL1 ,F5G1 & 9 ! ,K\ ,M9 ,TANG LEFT-W+ LEAD]1 ,WANG ,*9 ,WE94 ,A MON? LAT] !SE G5]ALS HAD PLAY$ ! SAME GAME AS ,*IANG ,KAI ,%EK1 & FUR!R MASSACRES ( ,COMMUNI/S & WORK]S W]E REPORT$ FROM ,NANK+ & ,HANK[4 ,! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY ( ,*9A WAS NOT M]ELY BEHEAD$4 ,IT WAS LIT]ALLY DISEMB[L$4 

,:5 ,*IANG ,KAI ,/ICK 5T]$ ,%AN<AI TO CONSECRATE 9 PROLET>IAN BLOOD ! VICTORY ( ! C\NT]-REVOLUTION1 ! ,FR5* ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY TELEGRAPH$ ITS CONGRATULATIONS ON ! =MATION ( ! 0 ,%AN<AI ,COMMUNE40 ,AFT] ! MASSACRE1 ! ,/AL9I/S LAUD$ ! B\RGEOIS G5]ALS1 ,F5G ,YU-HSIANG & ,WANG ,*9 ,WE9 9 ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY PRESS ( ! WORLD AS 0 \R [N40 ,IT WAS NOT = NO?+ ?AT AT A LAT] DATE ! SAME ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY PRESS CONDUCT$ AN 9FAM\S CAMPAIGN ( SL&] AGA9/ ! SOLIT>Y ,DUT*MAN H]O ( ! ,REI*/AG TRIAL1 ,VAN ,D] ,LUBBE4 ,TO BE CONDEMN$ BY SU* HIREL+S IS TO BE IMMORTALIZ$4 

,D[N TO ,AUGU/ #a#i#b#g1 ,TROTSKY'S DEM& = AN 9DEP5D5T ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY 9 ,*9A WAS D5\NC$ BY ,/AL9 & ,BU*>94 ,! OPPOSITION ADOPT$ ! SAME ATTITUDE T[>DS ! ,WUHAN GOV]NM5T :I* WAS E/ABLI%$ BY ! SO-CALL$ ,LEFTS AS IT HAD ADOPT$ T[>DS ,*IANG ,KAI ,%EK4 ,BUT ! ,/AL9I/S D5\NC$ ! CALL ( ! ,TROTSKY FACTION TO ! ,*9ESE PROLET>IAT & PEASANTS1 TO CONT9UE !IR 9/9CTIVE FI<T = ,SOVIETS4 ,AT LA/ ! ,COMMUNI/ ,9T]NATIONAL *ANG$ ITS C\RSE & TRI$ DESP]ATELY TO SAVE ! SITUATION BY COMM&+ ! ,*9ESE ,P>TY TO PREP>E = AN >M$ UPRIS+4 ,?IS UPRIS+ ACTUALLY OCCURR$ 9 ,DECEMB] #a#i#b#g1 9 ,CANTON1 & ,SOVIETS W]E ORGANIZ$ HA/ILY & MY/]I\SLY FROM ABOVE4 ,! MASSES ACTUALLY PLAY$ NO P>T 9 !SE ,SOVIETS1 :I* W]E =M$ >TIFICIALLY LONG AFT] ! REVOLUTION HAD BE5 BETRAY$4 ,! ,/AL9I/ ORGANIZ]S UND]/OOD REVOLUTION SO LITTLE ?AT !Y DID NOT REALIZE ?AT ,SOVIETS1 TO BE ,SOVIETS1 MU/ RISE SPONTANE\SLY ) ! SURG+ =W>D ( ! REVOLUTION>Y MOVEM5T ITSELF4 ,ALL ?AT RESULT$ FROM ! DESP]ATE APPEAL ( ! ,COM9T]N TO ! ,COMMUNI/S ( ,*9A WAS A MASSACRE ( ! WORK]S 9 ,CANTON ?AT CRU%$ ! LA/ REMNANTS ( ! REVOLUTION4 

,! ACTIVITY ( ! ,COMMUNI/ ,9T]NATIONAL 9 ,*9A 9 #aibg WAS F> WORSE ?AN ! CONDUCT ( ! ,M5%EVIKS DUR+ ! #aie ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION4 ,! ,M5%EVIKS NEV] OPPOS$ ! /RIKES ( WORKM5 OR ! =MATION ( ,SOVIETS4 ,!Y NEV] OPPOS$ ! =MATION ( REVOLUTION>Y GR\P+ ( ! WORK]S1 9DEP5D5T ( & CRITICAL ( ! CAPITALI/ CLASS P>TIES1 & !Y NEV] >GU$ ?AT ! REVOLUTION WAS A DEMOCRATIC REVOLUTION AGA9/ ,CZ>ISM1 & ?AT !RE=E !RE MU/ BE A BLOC ( F\R CLASSES4 ,!Y NEV] ADVIS$ ! WORK]S NOT TO BUILD UP !IR [N PRESS1 & !Y NEV] PRET5D$ ?AT WORK]S C\LD TAKE P[] ?R\< ANY O!R ?AN ! ,M>XI/ P>TY4 ,IT MAY BE ?AT :AT ! ,M5%EVIKS T]M ! ,M>XI/ ,P>TY WAS NOT ! P>TY ( G5U9E PROLET>IAN /R5G?1 BUT AT LEA/ ! IDEA WAS ?AT !RE WAS A SOCIAL W>1 & ?AT ! PROLET>IAT MU/ ?R[ UP ITS [N POLITICAL ORGANIZATION4 ,COMP>E ?IS ATTITUDE ) ?AT ( ! ,COMMUNI/ ,9T]NATIONAL 9 ,*9A TW5TY-TWO YE>S LAT]1 & !N ATTEMPT TO GAUGE TO :AT DEP?S ! DEG5]ATION ( ,BOL%EVISM HAS SUNK4 

,! EXPLANATION ( ?IS DEG5]ATION IS TO BE F\ND 9 ! 9T]E/ AS WELL AS ! IGNORANCE ( ! ,/AL9 BUREAUCRACY4 ,! /RATEGY ( PROLET>IAN /RUGGLE 9 ,*9A AS 9 ,RUSSIA1 WAS TO HAVE ! REVOLUTION BEG9 AS A DEMOCRATIC REVOLUTION1 & TO LET IT 5D UP AS A SOCIALI/ ONE4 ,?IS WAS ! !ORY ( ,M>X1 & AL?\< IT MAY NOT BE 9 ACCORDANCE ) ! ,N,E,P POLICY ( ,L591 AT LEA/ HE DID NOT D5Y ?AT IT WAS HIS PURPOSE4 ,L59 DECL>$ ?AT ONLY ! PROLET>IAT C\LD LEAD ! /RUGGLE = DEMOCRACY TO VICTORY1 ONLY ! PROLET>IAT C\LD LEAD ! COLONIAL /RUGGLE = 9DEP5D5CE1 & ONLY ?R\< ,SOVIETISM C\LD FRE$OM BE E/ABLI%$4 ,L59'S CONCEPTION ( ! FUNCTION ( ! ,SOVIETS AS ORGANS ( PO/ REVOLUTION>Y 9DU/RIAL ADM9I/RATION MAY HAVE BE5 HAZY & UNS\ND4 ,SOCIAL ADM9I/RATION IS ! TRUE PURPOSE ( ! ,SOVIETS1 BUT ,L59 ]R$ 9 REG>D+ ! ,SOVIETS M]ELY AS ORGANS ( 9SURRECTION & CIVIL W>1 :I* !Y >E1 & NOT AS ORGANS ( ADM9I/RATION1 :I* IS !IR F9AL & HI<] FUNCTION IF DEMOCRACY IS TO BE E/ABLI%$4 ,! ,SOVIETS >E ! EXPRESSION ( DEMOCRACY VICTORI\S AS WELL AS ! 9/RUM5TS ( A*IEV+ DEMOCRACY4 ,TO RECOGNIZE ?IS FACT IS TO LIQUIDATE ! POLITICAL P>TY 9 ! C\RSE ( ! /RUGGLE1 & TO CONCEIVE ( ! P>TY AS BE+ SUBSIDI>Y TO ! WORK+ CLASS4 ,L59 LACK$ ! ABILITY TO REALIZE ?IS SIMPLE TRU?1 & TO HIM ! P>TY WAS MORE IMPORTANT ?AN ! WORK]S4 ,! *UR* WAS ABOVE ! CONGREGATION & ! PRIE/ WAS GREAT] ?AN ,GOD4 ,L59ISM L$ TO ,/AL9ISM1 BUT IT DID NOT 9VOLVE ?AT T]RIBLE AB&ONM5T ( PR9CIPLES ?AT *>ACT]IZ$ ! CONDUCT ( ! ,RUSSIAN LEAD]S 9 !IR ATTITUDE T[>DS ! ,*9ESE ,REVOLUTION4 ,?AT DEG5]ACY CAME FROM ! FACT ?AT ! ,RUSSIAN LEAD]S HAD AB&ON$ ! WORLD REVOLUTION1 & ?AT ! ,COMMUNI/ ,9T]NATIONAL WAS ORGANIZ$1 NOT TO ADVANCE1 BUT TO >RE/1 ! CLASS /RUGGLE4 

,IF ! ,*9ESE WORK]S HAD OV]?R[N ! ,K\ ,M9 ,TANG & DE/ROY$ ,*IANG ,KAI ,%EK & ! O!R ADV5TUR]S :OM ,/AL9 DESCRIB$ AS ,R$ ,G5]ALS1 A REAL W> AGA9/ ,WE/]N CAPITALISM W\LD HAVE COMM5C$4 ,! ,RUSSIAN WORK]S W\LD HAVE BE5 CALL$ UPON TO HAVE UNIT$ !MSELVES ) ! ,*9ESE WORK]S2 ! ,RUSSIAN ,R$ ,FLAG W\LD HAVE BECOME ! REAL ,R$ ,FLAG 2 ! ,COMMUNI/ ,9T]NATIONAL W\LD HAVE BECOME A G5U9E PROLET>IAN 9T]NATIONAL2 & ,MOSC[ W\LD AT LA/ HAVE BECOME ,R$ ,MOSC[4 

,! BUREAUCRATS1 EAG] = DIPLOMATIC HONORS & =EIGN TREATIES1 DID NOT WANT ANY?+ SO REAL TO TAKE PLACE 9 ! ,EA/4 ,!Y ONLY WANT$ 0 ,SOCIALISM 9 ,ONE ,C\NTRY40 ,!Y WANT$ RECOGNITION1 PEACE1 & P[]4 ,!IR MOTTO WAS 3 0 ,WE HAVE \RS2 :Y %\LD WE WORRY40 ,!Y AB&ON$ ! ,*9ESE PROLET>IAT AS !Y AB&ON$ ! ,BRITI% PROLET>IAT 9 #a#i#b#f1 & ! ,G]MAN PROLET>IAT 9 #a#i#b#c1 & AS !Y W]E TO AB&ON ! ,G]MAN PROLET>IAT 9 #a#i#c#c4 ,!Y AB&ON$ PROLET>IAN ,9T]NATIONALISM = A YELL[ OPPORTUNI/ NATIONALISM1 :IL/ PRET5D+ TO BE ! DICTATORS ( COMMUNI/ ?\<T1 ACTION & /RUGGLE4 

,FROM 3 ,!,AN>*I/,LIBR>Y4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,APRIL #c1 #aice 3 ,*APT] #f -- ,PUBLICATION4 

 FILE G5]AT$ FROM 3  
HTTP3_/_/REVOLTLIB4COM_/