,COMMUNISM 
,/ORY ( ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY 

#aice 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,GUY ,ALDR$ 

,SECTIONS 7,T,O,C7 3 
     

O ,PREFACE 3 ,! ,AU?OR'S ,APOLOGY 

      #e* ,WORDS2 #c1#c#e#c ,*>ACT]S     

O ,*APT] #a 3 ,TROTSKYISM 

      #b1#b#b#h ,WORDS2 #a#d1#e#h#f ,*>ACT]S     

O ,*APT] #b 3 ,P>TY ,DEMOCRACY 

      #a1#b#h#f ,WORDS2 #h1#d#d#c ,*>ACT]S     

O ,*APT] #c 3 ,! ,LESSONS ( ,OCTOB] 

      #ibb ,WORDS2 #f1#a#b ,*>ACT]S     

O ,*APT] #d 3 ,SOCIALISM 9 ,ONE ,C\NTRY 

      #a1#a#a#e ,WORDS2 #g1#c#c#d ,*>ACT]S     

O ,*APT] #e 3 ,! ,BRITI% ,G5]AL ,/RIKE1 #aibf 

      #a1#e#e#f ,WORDS2 #i1#g#i#i ,*>ACT]S     

O ,*APT] #f 3 ,! ,*9ESE ,TRAG$Y 

      #b1#i#b#a ,WORDS2 #a#h1#g ,*>ACT]S     

O ,*APT] #g 3 ,PLANN$ ,ECONOMY 

      #a1#a#b ,WORDS2 #g1#c#e#i ,*>ACT]S     

O ,*APT] #h 3 ,! ,RI<T ,W+'S ,FATE 

      #cea ,WORDS2 #b1#c#e#c ,*>ACT]S     

O ,*APT] #i 3 0,GORILLA0 ,ADV5TURISM 

      #a1#c#h#f ,WORDS2 #i1#g#d ,*>ACT]S     

O ,*APT] #a 3 ,! ,G]MAN ,ASSASS9ATION 

      #d1#c#b#d ,WORDS2 #b#g1#h#h#b ,*>ACT]S     

O ,*APT] #aa 3 ,! ,SOVIET ,FA!RL& 

      #ffb ,WORDS2 #d1#b#d#a ,*>ACT]S     

O ,*APT] #ab 3 ,RUSSIA UND] ,L59 & ,/AL9 

      #b1#a#a#g ,WORDS2 #a#c1#c#g#i ,*>ACT]S     

O ,*APT] #ac 3 ,COMMUNISM 9 ,U4,S4,A4 

      #g1#e#c#f ,WORDS2 #d#i1#c#h ,*>ACT]S     

O ,*APT] #ad 3 ,ANTI-,P>LIAM5T>ISM1 #a#i#b#g3 ,G]MANY1 ,HOLL& & ,RUSSIA 

      #d1#i#b#i ,WORDS2 #c#d1#b#c#f ,*>ACT]S     

O ,*APT] #ae 3 ,ANTI-,P>LIAM5T>IASM 9 ,G]MANY1 #aib 

      #a1#h#i#b ,WORDS2 #a#b1#d#c#c ,*>ACT]S     

O ,*APT] #af 3 ,COMMUNISM 9 ,BRITA91 #a#i#a#g-#b#a 

      #c1#c#h#d ,WORDS2 #b#b1#d#f#a ,*>ACT]S     

O ,*APT] #ag 3 ,WILLIAM ,MORRIS & ,ANTI-,P>LIAM5T>ISM 

      #bfi ,WORDS2 #a1#i ,*>ACT]S     

O ,APP5DIX #a 3 ,ANTI-,P>LIAM5T>ISM 9 ,HOLL& 

      #a1#h#g#c ,WORDS2 #a#b1#i#h#i ,*>ACT]S     

O ,APP5DIX #b 3 ,MC,GOV]N & ,GALLA<] 

      #a1#b#b#i ,WORDS2 #g1#d#h#c ,*>ACT]S     

O ,APP5DIX #c 3 ,! ,SOVIET ,UNION & ! ,LEAGUE ( ,NATIONS 

      #a1#h#h ,WORDS2 #a#a1#a#c#g ,*>ACT]S     

O ,APP5DIX #d 3 ,! ,AM]ICAN ,RECOGNITION 

      #c1#d#b#h ,WORDS2 #b#a1#f#a ,*>ACT]S     

O ,APP5DIX #e 3 ,CAPITALISM 9 ,RUSSIA 

      #a1#a#c#i ,WORDS2 #g1#d#a#a ,*>ACT]S     

O ,APP5DIX #f 3 ,! ,SOVIET'S ,NATIONAL ,H]OES 

      #ca ,WORDS2 #a1#h#a ,*>ACT]S     

O ,APP5DIX #g 3 ,PEACE & ,W> FROM ,W>-,ZIG TO ,PEACE-,ZAG 

      #a1#i#e#d ,WORDS2 #a#c1#b#i#a ,*>ACT]S     

O ,APP5DIX #h 3 ,C4,P4 ,EXPOSURES 

      #d$ ,WORDS2 #c1#e ,*>ACT]S     

O ,APP5DIX #i 3 ,! ,C\NCIL 

      #cbi ,WORDS2 #b1#a#i#b ,*>ACT]S     

O ,APP5DIX #a 3 ,/AL9-,HITL] ,PACT 

      #aag ,WORDS2 #ggb ,*>ACT]S     

O ,APP5DIX #aa 3 ,COM9T]N ,CONCLUDES 

      #cga ,WORDS2 #b1#d#b#c ,*>ACT]S 

,SECTIONS 7,CONT5T7 3 

O ,PREFACE 3 ,! ,AU?OR'S ,APOLOGY 

,IT WAS NOT MY 9T5TION TO WRITE A HI/ORY ( ! ,ANTI-,P>LIAM5T>Y & ,COMMUNI/ MOVEM5TS4 ,C]TA9LY1 ,I HAD NO 9T5TION ( PUBLI%+ SU* A WORK4 ,I HAD A NUMB] ( COMPLET$ MANUSCRIPTS ON MY H&S & ,I DID NOT WI% TO WRITE A NEW WORK :IL/ !SE WRIT+S W]E UNPUBLI%$4 ,9 ADDITION TO :I*1 ,I WAS JEAL\S TO COLLECT ! POLITICAL ESSAYS ?AT L HAD PUBLI%$ 9 FUGITIVE =M DUR+ ! PA/ ?IRTY YE>S4 ,A CONSPIRACY ( CIRCUM/ANCES COMPELL$ ME TO SACRIFICE !SE AMBITIONS TO :AT SEEM$ TO BE ! USEFULNESS & WELL-BE+ ( ! PROLET>IAN /RUGGLE4 

,= A %ORT TIME 9 #aicd ,I RESUM$ MY OLD MISSION>Y ACTIVITY4 ,I VISIT$ ,LE$S1 :]E ,I SPOKE UND] ! AUSPICES ( ! ,LE$S ,AN>*I/ ,GR\P1 S9CE DEFUNCT4 ,9 ,AB]DE5 ,I CONDUCT$ AN 9T5SIVE CAMPAIGN1 SPEAK+ ON A FREE PLAT=M1 5?USIA/ICALLY SPONSOR$ BY ! LOCAL ,I4,L4,P4 ,A V]Y %ORT CAMPAIGN WAS CONDUCT$ 9 ,LONDON1 :]E AN 5DEAVOR WAS MADE TO RALLY SECTIONS ( ! OLD MOVEM5T ) :I* ,I HAD BE5 ASSOCIAT$ D[N TO ! E>LY DAYS ( ! ,W>1 & LAT] DUR+ #a#i#b#f-#b#g4 ,9 !SE T[NS1 SO MANY MILES AP>T1 ! QUE/ION >OSE AT MY MEET+S1 9 ALMO/ ID5TICAL T]MS 3 0 ,:AT IS ,ANTI-,P>LIAM5T>ISM8 ,:AT IS ITS HI/ORY & BACKGR\ND8 ,:AT MOVEM5T DO Y\ REPRES5T8 0 ,9 EV]Y CASE ! QUE/ION] SEEM$ TO IMAG9E ?AT ,ANTI-,P>LIAM5T>ISM WAS SOME BREAKAWAY FROM ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY & ! ,?IRD ,9T]NATIONAL4 

,IT WAS /RANGE TO SEE H[ LITTLE KN[L$GE EV5 SO-CALL$ ,SOCIALI/S HAD ( ! HI/ORY ( ! PROLET>IAN MOVEM5T4 ,IT WAS IMPOSSIBLE TO CONT9UE TO REF] TO ?IS PAP] & TO ?AT PAMPHLET4 ,:AT WAS NE$$ WAS A COMPLETE /ATEM5T ) ! FACTS BR\<T TOGE!R )9 ! CONF9ES ( A SMALL WORK ?AT C\LD BE CONSULT$ READILY4 ,& SO ?IS PAMPHLET BEGAN TO TAKE =M 9 MY M9D & ASSUM$ AN IMP]ATIVE CLAIM TO PREMI] PLACE 9 ! MATT] ( PUBLICATION4 

,EV5 SO1 ! MATT] MI<T HAVE BE5 PUT ON ONE SIDE BUT = ! 9T]NATIONAL CORRESPOND5CEE 9TO :I* ,I1 PLUNG$4 ,CONTACTS ) ,AN>*I/ & ,ANTI-P>LIAM5T>IAN COMRADES 9 ,NIMES1 ,AM/]DAM1 ,FRANKFURT1 ,B]L91 ,NEW ,YORK & ,*ICAGO1 9SPIR$ ME TO WRITE ,= ,COMMUNISM4 ,?IS WORK WAS PUBLI%$ 9 ,MAY #a#i#c#e4 ,IT 5JOY$ A L>GE CIRCULATION4,! M>* ( TIME HAS COMPELL$ ITS REVISION4 ,! ,SECOND ,WORLD ,W> HAS COLLAPS$ ! OLD ,LABOR MOVEM5T 9 ALL ITS PHASES & HAS DEVELOP$ A NEW /RATEGY ( /RUGGLE4 

,I HAVE REVIS$ ! ORIG9AL WORK ) C>E1 DELET+ AS LITTLE AS POSSIBLE ( ! ORIG9AL WRIT+1 OMITT+ ONLY ?AT :I* WAS UNNECESS>Y OR UNDAT$ DETAIL1 & ADD+ :]EV] FUR!R /ATEM5T ( FACT WAS ESS5TIAL TO A CLE> VISION ( ! ISSUES 9VOLV$4 ,?US REVIS$ ! #aice BOOKLET BECOMES ,P>T L ( ! PRES5T /UDY1 ,COMMUNISM4 ,P>T ,I,I WILL BE A COMPLETE HI/ORY ( ! CRIMES AGA9/ ,SOCIALI/S & ,SOCIALISM1 AGA9/ LIB]TY ( SPEE*1 ?\<T1 & EXPRESSION ?AT M>K$ & M>R$ ! ,SOVIET REGIME4 

,P>T ,I IS A COMPLETE WORK 9 ITSELF1 AL?\< ,P>T ,I,I WILL MAKE A WOR?:ILE COMPLETION1 NOT BECAUSE ( ITS /YLE ( WRIT+11 BUT ON ACC\NT ( ITS FACTUAL VALUE4 ,I BELIEVE ?AT ! PUBLICATION ( ?IS WORK S]VES A USEFUL PURPOSE 9 !SE DAYS ( GLOOM1 MIS]Y1 & REACTION4 

,G,U,Y ,A4 ,A,L,D,R,$4 

,G,L,A,S,G,[1 ,NOV4 #e1 #aidb 

O ,*APT] #a 3 ,TROTSKYISM 

,! ,COMMUNI/ ,9T]NATIONAL WAS F\ND$ 9 ,MOSC[ 9 #a#i#a#i4 ,! ,FEBRU>Y ,REVOLUTION ( #aiag HAD RECALL$ FROM EXILE & IMPRISONM5T A NUMB] ( ,AN>*I/S :O CO-OP]AT$ LOYALLY ) ! ,BOL%EVIKS TO EFFECT ! ,OCTOB] #aiag ,REVOLUTION4 ,BY ! TIME ?AT ! ,COMMUNI/ ,9T]NATIONAL WAS ORGANIS$1 ! P]SECUTION ( !SE ,AN>*I/S BY ! ,BOL%EVIKS HAD BEGUN4 ,?AT P]SECUTION CONT9U$ ALL ! TIME ?AT ,TROTSKY WAS AN \T/&+ MEMB] ( ! REVOLUTION>Y MOVEM5T 9 ,RUSSIA4 ,L591 ( C\RSE1 WAS AS MU* A P>TY TO ?IS P]SECUTION AS ,TROTSKY4 ,?IS FACT HAS TO BE BORNE 9 M9D :5 ONE CONSID]S ?AT A DI/9CTION IS MADE BY ! ,TROTSKYI/S BETWE5 ! FIR/ FIVE YE>S ( ! ,9T]NATIONAL & ! LATT] P]IOD DAT+ FROM #a#i#b#d4 ,IT IS CLAIM$ ?AT FROM #aiai TO #aibc ! ,COMMUNI/ ,9T]NATIONAL WAS A VIRILE1 GR[+ MOVEM5T & ?AT ITS AU?ORITY & PRE/IGE ROSE 9 EV]Y L& UND] ! GUIDANCE ( ,L59 & ,TROTSKY4 ,9 ! C\RSE ( ! NEXT N9E YE>S ! ,MOSC[ ,9T]NATIONAL DEG5]AT$ TO A ZOMBIE4 

,! WORK]S 9 ALL C\NTRIES W]E PREP>$ TO HALF CONSID] ITS EXI/5CE A FACT D[N TO ,JANU>Y #a#i#c#c4 ,BUT WE MU/ REG>D ! SECOND P]IOD FROM #aibd AS A N9E YE> CRISIS ( UN9T]RUPT$ DECL9E4 ,DUR+ ?IS P]IOD ! ,TROTSKYI/ W+ WAS AMPUTAT$ FROM ! (FICIAL MOVEM5T MU* AGA9/ ! VICTIM'S WILL4 

,AS LATE AS ,JANU>Y #aicc ! AV[$ 9T5TION ( ! ,TROTSKYI/ FACTION WAS TO RE=M ! ,?IRD ,9T]NATIONAL & TO WORK 9 CONJUNCTION ) ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY 9 ! V>I\S C\NTRIES4 ,! DEFEAT ( ! ,G]MAN WORK+-CLASS MOVEM5T & ! TRIUMPH ( ,HITL]ISM CAUS$ ! ,TROTSKYI/S TO BREAK ) !IR PA/ POLICY ( ACT+ AS A FACTION ( ! (FICIAL P>TY & TO ANN\NCE !IR 9T5TION ( BUILD+ UP A NEW ,COMMUNI/ ,9T]NATIONAL1 & NEW ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TIES 9 EV]Y C\NTRY 9 ! WORLD4 ,?IS 9CLUD$ ! ,SOVIET ,UNION4 

,ON ,AUGU/ #b#g? & #b#h?1 #a#i#c#c1 ! ,P>IS ,CONF]5CE WAS HELD ( ! ,LEFT ,SOCIALI/S & ,COMMUNI/ ,OPPOSITIONAL ORGANISATIONS4 ,F\RTE5 GR\P+S W]E REPRES5T$4 ,?IS ,CONF]5CE HAD AN UNSETTL+ EFFECT ON ! BODIES ?AT S5T DELEGATES4 ,! ,COMMUNI/ ,LEAGUE ( ,AM]ICA1 OR ,9T]NATIONAL ,LEFT ,OPPOSITION1 AT ITS ,PL5UM1 ON ,SEPTEMB] #a#g?1 #a#i#c#c1 PASS$ A L5G?Y RESOLUTION1 DIVID$ 9TO SEV5 P>AGRAPHS1 ( NO CONSEQU5CE4 ,! ,LOVE/ONE ,GR\P ( ! ,U4,S4,A1 F\ND ITSELF ISOLAT$4 ,! ,GITL[ ,GR\P1 ! ,WORK]S' ,COMMUNI/ ,LEAGUE1 OPPOS$ ,LOVE/ONE'S POLICY ( APPROA* TO ,/AL94 ,JITLEK & ,HAIS L$ !IR ,CZE*OSLOVAKIAN SECTIONS BACK TO ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRACY1 :IL/ ! ,NEURA? ,GR\P ( ,CZE*OSLOVAKIA MOV$ FROM ! ,9T]NATIONAL ,COMMUNI/ ,OPPOSITION TO ! ,9T]NATIONAL ,LEFT ,COMMUNI/ ,OPPOSITION4 ,! ,SWISS ,BR&L] SECTION 9CL9$ T[>DS ! ,LEFT ,OPPOSITION1 BUT ! ,FR5* ,P4,U4,P1 MOV$ T[>DS ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRACY4 

,IRRESPECTIVE ( !IR TURN1 :E!R T[>DS ! ,LEFT OR T[>DS ! ,RI<T1 ! ,TROTSKYI/ SECTIONS DECL>$ = A #d? ,9T]NATIONAL 9 ,SEPTEMB]1 #a#i#c#c1 ON ! GR\NDS ( ! DEG5]ATION ( ! #cRD ,9T]NATIONAL4 ,9 A FULL DECL>ATION ( ATTITUDE !Y TOOK !IR /& ON ! FOLL[+ PO9TS 3 -- 

,R,E,J,E,C,T,I,O,N ,( ,! #e? ,& #f? ,W,O,R,L,D ,C,O,N,G,R,E,S,S,E,S ,( ,! ,C4,I4 ,ACTUALLY1 9 #a#i#b#a1 ,PAUL ,LEVI OP5LY BROKE ) ! ,COM9T]N ON ! GR\NDS ( OBJECTIONS TO ,L59ISM1 :I* %[$ ?AT ! OBJECTION TO ! ,WORLD ,CONGRESS' DECISION %\LD NOT BEG9 ) ! #e? ,CONGRESS4 ,! HI/ORY ( ! BETRAYAL ( ! ,MUNI* UPRIS+ & ! CREATION ( ! ,K4,A4,P4,D4 AFT] ! CORRUPTION & FAILURE ( ! ,SP>TICI/ MOVEM5T & ! ,K4,P4,D4 DUR+ ! #aib EV5TS 9 ,G]MANY1 %[ ?AT ! ,TROTSKYI/ MOVEM5T IS SOME:AT BELAT$ 9 ITS HI/ORICAL CONCEPTS4 

,P,],M,A,N,5,T ,*,>,A,C,T,] ,( ,! ,W,O,R,L,D ,R,E,V,O,L,U,T,I,O,N4 ,?IS S\ND PROPOSITION IS ! HI/ORIC TEA*+ ( ,SOCIALISM1 & WAS NEV] QUE/ION$ UNTIL ! P]IOD ( ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION & ! URG5T ,RUSSIAN NE$ TO NATIONALISE ?AT REVOLUTION4 

,R,E,C,O,G,N,I,T,I,O,N ,( ,! ,S,O,V,I,E,T ,U,N,I,O,N ,A,S ,A ,W,O,R,K,],S' ,/,A,T,E2 ,& ,! ,C,O,N,D,E,M,N,A,T,I,O,N ,( ,/,A,L,9,I,S,M ,= ,U,N,D,],M,9,+ ,?,A,T ,/,A,T,E ,B,Y ,I,T,S ,M,E,?,O,D ,(3 7A7 ,E,C,O,N,O,M,I,C ,O,P,P,O,R,T,U,N,I,S,M1 #a#i#b#c-#b#h2 7B7 ,E,C,O,N,O,M,I,C ,A,D,V,5,T,U,R,I,S,M1 #a#i#b#h-#c#b4 ,TO BE S\ND1 IT %\LD ALSO BE /AT$ ?AT ! ,SOVIET ,UNION IS NOT A ,WORK]S' ,/ATE4 ,ALSO1 ! ECONOMIC OPPORTUNISM BEG9S ) ,L59 & GOES BACK TO #aiba & ! ,N4,E4,P4 

,R,E,J,E,C,T,S ,! ,/,A,L,9 ,!,O,R,Y ,( ,! ,J,O,9,T ,D,E,M,O,C,R,A,T,I,C ,D,I,C,T,A,T,O,R,%,I,P ,( ,! ,P,R,O,L,E,T,>,I,A,T ,& ,! ,P,E,A,S,A,N,T,R,Y1 ,O,N ,! ,G,R,\,N,D ,?,A,T ,?,I,S ,S,A,C,R,I,F,I,C,E,S ,! ,S,O,C,I,A,L,I,/ ,R,E,V,O,L,U,T,I,O,N ,T,O ,! ,9,T,],E,/,S ,( ,! ,P,E,A,S,A,N,T,S4 ,AL?\< ?IS !ORY HAS BE5 DEVELOP$ TO EXTREME C\NT]-REVOLUTION>Y L5G?S BY ,/AL91 IT WAS IMPLI$ 9 ,L59'S [N POLICY1 & PROBABLY ONLY MEANS ?AT A REAL ,SOCIALI/ REVOLUTION 9 ,RUSSIA WAS IMPOSSIBLE4 

,D,E,M,&,S ,P,>,T,Y ,D,E,M,O,C,R,A,C,Y4 

,! WORK]S ( ! WORLD W]E NOT MU* IMPRESS$ OR DI/URB$ BY ! ,AN>*I/ P]SECUTIONS4 ,D[N TO ! TIME ( ,TROTSKY'S FALL & EXILE1 ! ,COMMUNI/ ,9T]NATIONAL COMM&$ A TREM5D\S 5?USIASM 9 ALL PROLET>IAN C5TRES ( ! WORLD4 ,?IS DOES NOT MEAN TO SAY ?AT IT 5OY$ ! UNANIM\S SUPPORT ( ! ?9K+ ,COMMUNI/S ( ! WORLD4 ,! ,AN>*I/S ( ,RUSSIA & EV5 9 O!R C\NTRIES T5D$ TO FAV\R ! PEASANTRY AS OPPOS$ TO ! PROLET>IAT4 ,MANY ,SOCIALI/S ?\<T ?AT ?IS FACT JU/IFI$ !IR P]SECUTION4 ,TO MY M9D1 A ,SOCIAL ,REVOLUTION ?AT CONT9UES ,SIB]IA & A SY/EM ( EXILE & IMPRISONM5T IS A POLITICAL1 & NOT A ,SOCIAL ,REVOLUTION4 ,9 C\RSE ( TIME IT IS B\ND TO DEG5]ATE TO LITTLE MORE ?AN A ,PALACE ,REVOLUTION4 ,/AL9 REPLAC$ ! ,CZ> AS ,HITL] REPLAC$ ! ,KAIS]4 

,IF IT IS NECESS>Y TO P]PETUATE ! IMPRISONM5T ( EV5 C\NT]-REVOLUTION>IES ! P]PETUATION >GUES ! /R5G? ( ! C\NT]-REVOLUTION4 ,?AT 9 ITS TURN >GUES ! NON-SUCCESS ( ! REVOLUTION4 ,PEASANT ,AN>*I/ PHILOSOPHY MAY WELL BE BEYOND JU/IFICATION1 BUT ! /RANGE HI/ORIC FACT REMA9S ?AT ! GOV]NM5T ?AT P]SECUT$ ! PEASANT ,AN>*I/S F\ND$ ITS REVOLUTION 9 A COMPROMISE ) ! PEASANTS & DEVELOP$ A SY/EMATIC PEASANT POLICY ( PROLET>IAN RETREAT4 

,! T]RIBLE MASSACRE ( ! ,KRON/ADT SAILORS BY ,TROTSKY 9 ,M>* #a#i#b#a1 :OM ,TROTSKY HAD PREVI\SLY T]M$ ! FL[] ( ! ,REVOLUTION1 & ! SUPPORT ( ,TROTSKY BY ,Z9OVIEV & ,DIB5KO1 WAS A %AMELESS & %AMEFUL AFFAIR4 ,! =TRESS & CITY W]E BOMB>D$ = T5 DAYS & IT CANNOT BE PRET5D$ ?AT ! SAILORS W]E MOV$ BY PEASANT IDEAS OR ?AT !Y W]E O!R ?AN G5U9E ,SOCIALI/S OR ,COMMUNI/S4 ,TROTSKY'S CONDUCT WAS DEF5D$ & EV5 APPLAUD$ 9 ! ,COMMUNI/ PRESS ( ! WORLD BY ,RADEK1 :O IMM$IATELY AFT] ! ,OCTOB] #aiag ,REVOLUTION BOA/$ A LUXURI\S AP>TM5T & MAID-S]VANT4 ,RADEK'S APOLOGY NO LONG] C>RIES WEI<T = TIME EXPOS$ HIM AS A P&]]4 ,HE DEF5D$ ,TROTSKY'S [N EXILE & EXPULSION & ! P]SECUTION ( ,RAKOVSKY1 ,Z9OVIEV & ,KAM5EV4 ,RADEK'S #aiba APOLOGY WAS MADE WOR?LESS BY HIS SUBSEQU5T RECORD & CA/IGATION BY ,TROTSKY4 ,IF WE >E TO ACCEPT ,RADEK'S APOLOGY = ,KRON/ADT 9 #a#i#b#a1 !N WE MU/ ACCEPT ,RADEK'S APOLOGY = ,/AL9ISM & ! ,/AL9I/ P]SECUTION ( ,TROTSKY FROM #aibg ON TO ! TIME ( HIS ASSASS9ATION4 ,RADEK'S [N TRIAL & 0 CONFESSION 0 PUT HIM \T ( C\RT 5TIRELY AS A WITNESS4 

,! ,KRON/ADT MASSACRE WAS SUCCE$$ A MON? LATOR BY ! MASSACRE ( ! ,MOSC[ ,AN>*I/S :5 ,TROTSKY %ELL$ !IR HEADQU>T]S & F9ALLY ABOLI%$ !IR PROPAG&A4 ,ALL ?IS WAS JU/IFI$ ON ! GR\ND ?AT ,AN>*I/S W]E C\NT]-REVOLUTIONI/S4 ,/AL9 HAS POPUL>IS$ ?IS CRY SO ?OR\<LY ?AT NO G5U9E REVOLUTIONI/ TAKES IT S]I\SLY4 ,ROBESPI]RE ASSASS9AT$ ! ,FR5* ,REVOLUTION & F9ALLY HIMSELF BY ?IS V]Y SAME P>ROT CRY ( C\NT]REVOLUTION4 ,M5 DO EMBRACE C\NT]-REVOLUTION>Y PHILOSOPHY & !Y DO PURSUE C\NT]-REVOLUTION>Y POLICIES2 BUT IT DOES NOT FOLL[ ?AT WE MU/ !RE=E GIVE HE$ TO EV]Y CLAMOR\S CRY ( C\NT]-REVOLUTION :5 IT IS DICTAT$ BY ! HY/]ICAL NE$S ( AN ASPIR+ BUREAUCRAT1 :OSE AIM IS TO >RE/ ! DEVELOPM5T ( ! REVOLUTION & TO BUILD HIS SECT1 OR HIS P>TY1 OR HIS CLIQUE 9TO ! $IFICE ( P[]4 

,!RE W]E ,COMMUNI/ ELEM5TS1 ( A DEF9ITE ,ANTI-,P>LIAM5T>IAN K9D1 :O F\ND NO PLACE 9 ! ,COMMUNI/ LNT]NATIONAL OR ELSE W]E ALL[$ M]ELY A SUBSIDI>Y & ALTOGE?CR TEMPOR>Y REPRES5TATION AT ! OP5+ SESSIONS4 ,IT MAY BE CLAIM$ !RE=E ?AT ! ,COMMUNI/ ,9T]NATIONAL LIKE ! TRIUMPH ( ,L59ISM 9 ,RUSSIA CONTA9$ 9 ITSELF ! SE$S ( ,/AL9ISM & ( LAT] DEG5]ATION4 ,?AT WAS NOT OBVI\S AT ! BEG9N+ BECAUSE ! SUCCESS 9 ,RUSSIA ( ,L59 & ,TROTSKY WAS AN HI/ORICAL SUCCESS JU/ AS ! FAILURE ( ,/AL9 IS AN HI/ORICAL FAILURE4 ,! FUNCTION ( ,TROTSKYISM IS TO DIRECT PROLET>IAN ATT5TION TO ?AT FAILURE & 9 ?AT WAY TO CALL \R ATT5TION TO ! REAL OBJECT & NATURE ( ,COMMUNI/ AGITATION & /RUGGLE4 ,= ! PURPOSE ( COMP>ISON1 & = ?IS PURPOSE ONLY1 & NOT BECAUSE WE ACCEPT ! CRY1 0 ,BACK TO ,L5910 ?OSE ( US :O W]E ,COMMUNI/S BE=E ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION ( #a#i#a#g1 & REMA9 ,COMMUNI/S1 N[ ?AT REVOLUTION HAS PASS$ 9TO HI/ORY1 AGREE ?AT ! ,/AL9 LEAD]%IP REGI/]$ ! DECL9E ( ! ,9T]NATIONAL TO /AGNATION & DEA?4 ,WE DIFF] FROM ,TROTSKYISM 9 ?AT ! ,TROTSKYI/S ?9K ?AT !RE WAS A TIME :5 ! ,COMMUNI/ ,9T]NATIONAL REALLY LIV$ AS A HEAL?Y EXPRESSION ( ! WORK]S' /RUGGLE4 ,WE CLAIM ?AT ! ,COMMUNI/ ,9T]NATIONAL 5JOY$ ONLY A FEV]I% EXI/5CE AS ! AFT]-BIR? ( ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION4 ,IT WAS DOOM$ TO DISA/] & TO DEA? FROM ! MOM5T ( ITS F\NDATION = ITS V]Y ORGANISATION MADE IT IMPOSSIBLE = IT TO FUNCTION EXCEPT AS ! RAMIFICATION ( ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION4 

,! PET FALLACY ( ,/AL9ISM1 0,SOCIALISM 9 ,ONE ,C\NTRY10 MEAN+ LIT]ALLY1 0,CAPITALISM & ,DICTATOR%IP 9 ,RUSSIA10 WAS =E%AD[$ 9 EV]Y !SIS ( ! ,COMMUNI/ ,9T]NATIONAL4 ,?IS FACT WAS NOT REALIS$ BY ! SECTIONS ?AT BELONG$ TO ! ,COMMUNI/ ,9T]NATIONAL & IT MAY1 !RE=E1 BE P]FECTLY TRUE ?AT ,TROTSKY REACT$ TO IDEAS ( ,SOCIALISM1 :I* W]E QUITE =EIGN TO ! UND]/&+ ( ,/AL94 ,IT IS ALSO CORRECT TO REALISE ?AT L>GE SECTIONS ( ! ,COMMUNI/ COMRADES 9 ,RUSSIA BELIEV$ 9 ! PROLET>IAN /RUGGLE & CONSID]$ ?AT ! ,COMMUNI/ ,9T]NATIONAL EXPRESS$ ?AT /RUGGLE4 ,TO !SE ELEM5TS ! DIFF]5CE BETWE5 ! TWO P]IODS ( ! ,COMMUNI/ ,9T]NATIONAL WILL BE ABSOLUTELY REAL4 ,IT IS \R DUTY TO CONSID] EXACTLY :AT HAPP5$ DUR+ ! EVOLUTION ( ! ,/AL9 LEAD]%IP4 

,! ,SPANI% CRISIS F\ND ! ,COMMUNI/ ,9T]NATIONAL P[]LESS TO ACT BECAUSE !RE WAS NO ,COMMUNI/ P>TY & NO ,SPANI% PROLET>IAN POLICY4 ,/AL9ISM CONFRONT$ ! FACT ( ! ,SPANI% ,REVOLUTION ) ! SAME BLANKNESS ( VISION AS WAS EXHIBIT$ BY ! ,SECOND ,9T]NATIONAL 9 ,AUGU/ #a#i#a#d4 ,9 EV]Y O!R PORTION ( ! GLOBE1 EV5 9 PLACES :]E ! ,COM9T]N HAD BOA/$ ( ITS MASS P>TIES1 OR ITS P>TIES ON ! ROAD TO EMBRAC+ MASSES1 ! LOCAL SECTION ( ! ,9T]NATIONAL1 AT ! MOM5T ( ! LOCAL CRISIS1 WRI!D 9 ! AGONY ( IMPOT5CE4 

,) 9SIGNIFICANT EXCEPTIONS1 NOT ONE ( ! AU!NTIC LEAD]S ( SO-CALL$ ,WORLD ,COMMUNISM DUR+ ! FIR/ YE>S ( ITS ORGANIS$ EXI/5CE 7#a#i#a#i-#a#i#b#d71 WAS TO BE F\ND 9 ITS RANKS 9 ,JANU>Y #a#i#c#c4 ,?IS COMP>ISON 9CLUDES1 & PRIM>ILY RELATES TO1 ! LEAD]S ( ! ,RUSSIAN ,P>TY4 ,EV]Y:]E ! ,COMMUNI/ P>TIES HAD BECOME SIEVES 9TO :I* EV] NEW SECTIONS ( ! WORK+-CLASS W]E P\R$ BY ! DEVELOP+ & P]MAN5T ,CAPITALI/ CRISIS1 ONLY TO BE LO/ ?R\< ! HOLES ( BUREAUCRATISM & FALSE B\RGEOIS POLITICS4 ,?IRTE5 YE>S AFT] ! F\ND+ ( ! ,?IRD ,9T]NATIONAL1 ! OV]:ELM+ MAJORITY ( ITS GREATLY R$UC$ MEMB]%IP HAD NOT BE5 9 ! ,P>TY RANKS = LONG] ?AN TWO YE>S2 ! OLD MEMB]S HAD BE5 LO/ OR EXPELL$4 

,?IS CONDITION & DEVELOPM5T ( ! ,COMMUNI/ ,9T]NATIONAL WAS NOT A PRIVATE DISPUTE BUT ONE ?AT CONC]N$ ! :OLE WORK+-CLASS4 ,IT RAIS$ SEV]AL MO/ IMPORTANT QUE/IONS4 ,!RE WAS ! QUE/ION ( ,AN>*ISM & ! CLASS /RUGGLE1 OPPOSITION TO A BURCAUCRACY CLAIM+ TO BE EX]CIS+ ! ,DICTATOR%IP ( ! ,PROLET>IAT4 ,!RE WAS ! FACT ?AT TO-DAY !RE EXI/$ A DEF9ITE ,ANTI-,P>LIAM5T>Y MOVEM5T ?AT BELIEV$ 9 ! LIQUIDATION ( ! P>TY 9 ! REVOLUTION>Y WORK]S' /RUGGLE TO EMANCIPATION & AT ! PO9T ( CRISIS4 ,!RE WAS ! QUE/ION ( ,L59I/-,TROTSKYISM V]SUS ,/AL9ISM4 ,>IS+ \T ( ?AT !RE WAS ! FUR!R DISCUSSION 3 ,IS ! QUE/ION ONE ( ,/AL9ISM OR ,L59ISM OR IS IT ONE ( ,BOL%EVISM OR ,COMMUNISM8 ,IF IT CAN BE %[N ?AT ,/AL9ISM PROCE$S NATURALLY FROM ,L59ISM1 !N ( C\RSE ! ISSUE IS NOT :AT K9D ( ,BOL%EVISM DOES ! WORK] SUPPORT1 BUT RA!R H[ QUICKLY %\LD ,BOL%EVISM BE BURI$ AS A ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRATIC NEGATION ( ,COMMUNISM4 ,! QUE/ION ( ,M>XISM EV5 >OSE4 ,WE W]E COMPELL$ TO CONSID]1 :E!R1 9 C]TA9 PHASES1 ,/AL9ISM WAS NOT ! LOGICAL DEVELOPM5T ( ,M>XISM2 :E!R EV5 ,M>XISM ITSELF WAS NOT1 9 C]TA9 PHASES1 A NEGATION ( ,COMMUNISM4 

,!SE QUE/IONS W]E NOT ! QUE/IONS ( PROLET>IAN DESPAIR1 BUT ( PROLET>IAN /RUGGLE & PROGRESS4 ,?AT !Y >OSE 9 ?IS FA%ION DATES ! DIFF]5CE 9 \TLOOK1 & EV51 TOO1 ! NATURE ( ! /RUGGLE ?AT DIVIDES ! PROLET>IAT ( TODAY FROM ! PROLET>IAT TO :OM ,M>X & ,5GELS ADDRESS$ !MSELVES 9 !IR /RIK+ & HI/ORIC ,MANIFE/O ( #a#h#d#h4 

,WE NO LONG] DISCUSS B\RGEOIS P>TIES & B\RGEOIS LIT]ATURE1 BUT WE CONSID] ! HI/ORY ( ! PROLET>IAN MOVEM5ET ITSELF2 & EV5 !N NOT ! PROLET>IAN MOVEM5T RECONCIL+ ITSELF TO ,CAPITALISM BUT ! PROLET>IAN MOVEM5T 9 V>I\S /AGES ( 9SURRECTION4 ,/RANGELY 5\< ! LIT]ATURE ( ?IS MOVEM5T IS V]Y L>GELY 9 ! ,5GLI% LANGUAGE4 ,WE FOLL[ ! /ORY ( ! RISE1 PROGRESS & DECL9E ( ,TROTSKYISM4 ,! DECL9E ( ,TROTSKYISM DIFF]S HI/ORICALLY FROM ! DECL9E ( ,/AL9ISM4 ,TROTSKYISM P\RS ITS G5IUS LIKE A /REAM 9TO ! WAT]S ( ! PROLET>IAN REVOLUTION BUT ,/AL9ISM IS BUT ! FOSSIL REMA9S ( A GREAT REVOLUTION4 

O ,*APT] #b 3 ,P>TY ,DEMOCRACY 

,! ,LEFT ,OPPOSITION ROSE 9 ! ,SOVIET ,UNION1 & TOOK %APE AS A DI/9CT GR\P+ 9 #a#i#b#c1 HEAD$ BY ,TROTSKY4 ,AT ?AT TIME1 ! ,SOVIET ,UNION WAS PASS+ ?R\< :AT ,TROTSKY T]M$1 0 ! SCISSORS CRISIS40 ,?IS WAS ! CRISIS ( ! RELATIVE PRICES & !RE=E EX*ANGE VALUES ( MANUFACTUR$ >TICLES & AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS4 ,! PROBLEM WAS TO BR+ PRICES 9 BO? SECTORS 9TO H>MONY4 ,9ABILITY TO SOLVE ?IS PROBLEM DEVELOP$ A CRISIS ( UNEMPLOYM5T1 NE$1 & RESULT+ PROLET>IAN DISCONT5T :I* REFLECT$ ITSELF 9 ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY 9 ! EXPRESSION ( DISSATISFACTION ON ! P>T ( ! MEMB]S4 ,! ,N,E,P HAD BE5 PUT 9TO EFFECT 9 #a#i#b#a4 ,?IS HAD ELIM9AT$ ! ATMOSPH]E ( ,W> ,COMMUNISM FROM ,RUSSIAN ECONOMY1 BUT IT HAD NOT DE/ROY$ ! SPIRIT ( DICTATOR%IP & MILIT>Y TYRANNY POLITICALLY4 ,! ,DICTATOR%IP ( ! ,PROLET>IAT REALLY MEANT ! ,DICTATOR%IP ( ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY & ?IS MEANT ! ,DICTATOR%IP ( AN 9N] CIRCLE )9 ! P>TY4 ,! MILIT>Y REGIME IMPOS$ UPON ! P>TY BY ! CIVIL W> & ! ,CAPITALI/ 9T]V5TION WAS N[ ALLI$ TO A POLICY ?AT MADE CONCESSIONS TO ! ,N,E,P M5 & TO ! PEASANTS4 ,! MORE DIVORC$ ?IS P>TY DICTATOR%IP WAS FROM A PROLET>IAN REVOLUTION>Y /RUGGLE1 ! MORE DANG]\S IT BECAME TO PROLET>IAN DEVELOPM5T4 ,9 ?IS FACT IS SUMM>IS$ ! 5TIRE SUBSEQU5T HI/ORY ( ! PROGRESS FROM ,L59ISM TO ,/AL9ISM4 

,DUR+ ! W> P]IOD ! FREELY ELECT$ P>TY APP>ATUS ?AT HAD >IS5 DUR+ ! REVOLUTION GAVE PLACE AUTOMATICALLY TO A VA/ HI]>*Y ( (FICIALS4 ,! 9ITIATIVE & 9DEP5D5CE ( ! RANK & FILE P>TY MEMB] W]E /IFL$4 ,! 5TR5*M5T ( ! GR[+ BUREAUCRATIC CA/E PRODUC$ CL&E/9E FACTIONAL GR\P+S 9 ! P>TY4 ,!SE GR\P+S REFLECT$ ! DEEP DISSATISFACTION ( ! P>TY MEMB]%IP BUT !IR CABALS DID NOT SUCCE$ 9 EXPRESS+ P>TY DEMOCRACY4 ,BE=E ILLNESS COMPELL$ ,L59 TO )DRAW FROM ACTIVE P>TY LIFE1 HE OP5LY D5\NC$ ! DANG] ( BUREAUCRATISM & 9DICAT$ ! NE$ ( WORK]S' DEMOCRACY 9SIDE ! P>TY4 ,HE URG$ ,TROTSKY TO PURGE ! P>TY ( ?IS DE/RUCTIVE CANC]4 ,! ,T5? ,P>TY ,CONGRESS UND] ,L59'S DIRECTION ADOPT$ A VIGOR\S RESOLUTION ON ! NE$ ( P>TY DEMOCRACY :I* ! ,TWELF? ,P>TY ,CONGRESS RE-AFFIRM$4 ,! RESOLUTION REMA9$ A DEAD LETT] & ! BUREAUCRACY 5TR5*$ ITSELF4 ,BU*>9 SUPPORT$ ! BUREAUCRACY AT ?IS TIME4 ,NEV]!LESS1 9 ONE ( HIS SPEE*ES1 HE GAVE A VIVID PICTURE ( ! BUREAUCRATIC CONDITIONS PREVAIL+4 ,HE DECL>$ ?AT EV]Y 9VE/IGATION WAS DECID$ BY A QUE/ION FROM ! *AIR1 0,:O IS =80 OR 0,:O IS AGA9/8 0 ,! RESULT WAS ALL 0 ELECTIONS TO ! P>TY ORGANISATION HAVE BECOME ELECTIONS 9 QUOTATION M>KS10 S9CE ! VOT+ TOOK PLACE )\T DISCUSSION & ACCORD+ TO ?IS =MULA ( = & AGA9/1 IT BE+ A BAD BUS9ESS TO SPEAK AGA9/ ! AU?ORITIES4 

,) ?IS CONFESSION BE=E US1 WE CAN UND]/& :Y ,TROTSKY F\ND IT FUTILE & IMPOSSIBLE TO S5D SUGGE/IONS1 ?AT W]E NEV] CONSID]$1 TO ! SUB-COMMITTEE ( ! ,C4,C4 ?AT W]E BORN \T ( ! /RIKE-WAVE CRISIS ( ! SUMM] ( #a#i#b#c4 ,! BUREAUCRACY DROVE HIM 9TO NON-ATT5DANCE & !N MADE ! FACT ( HIS NON-ATT5DANCE A BASIC >GUM5T AGA9/ HIS ACTIVITY ( PROTE/4 

,ON ,OCTOB] #h1 #a#i#b#c1 ,TROTSKY ADDRESS$ A LETT] TO ! ,C5TRAL ,COMMITTEE ( ! P>TY ON ?IS QUE/ION ( DEMOCRACY & ALSO ON ! CONDITION ( NATIONAL ECONOMY4 ,=TY SIX ( ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY LEAD]S FOLL[$ ?IS UP BY SIGN+ ANO!R LETT] ( PROTE/ DEAL+ ) ! SAME ISSUE4 ,?IS GR\P ATTACK$ ! ,C4,C4 = HAV+ 0 9/ITUT$ A REGIME ( FACTIONAL DISCIPL9E10 :I* MEANT ! ASSASS9ATION ( P>TY DEMOCRACY4 ,! GR\P DEVELOP$ ALSO ITS ECONOMIC PROPOSALS ( PROLET>IAN 0 ,DICTATOR%IP ( ,9DU/RY40 ,PREOBRAJ5SKY1 :O SUPPORT$ ,TROTSKY1 WORK$ \T ! !ORY ( /RUGGLE AGA9/ ! PEASANT C\NT]-REVOLUTION & /RANGLEHOLD ON ! PROLET>IAN REVOLUTION1 9 ,! ,NEW ,ECONOMICS4 

,ON ,DECEMB] #e1 #a#i#b#c1 ! P>TY LEAD]%IP1 :I* 9CLUD$ ,TROTSKY1 UNANIM\SLY ADOPT$ A RESOLUTION ON ! QUE/IONS AT ISSUE4 ,?REE DAYS LAT] ,TROTSKY COLLECT$ ! >TICLES HE HAD WRITT5 ON ! MATT]S 9 DISPUTE & PUBLI%$ !M AS A PAMPHLET1 ADDRESS$ TO ! CONSID]ATION ( LOCAL P>TY CONF]5CES1 UND] ! TITLE ( ,! ,NEW ,C\RSE4 ,SUPPORT+ ! RESOLUTION1 ,TROTSKY D5\NC$ ! P>TY LEAD]%IP1 & DECL>$ ! TASK ( ! P>TY WAS TO 0 SUBORD9ATE ! APP>ATUS TO ITSELF40 ,HE P>ALLEL$ ! DEG5]ATION ( ! ,BOL%EVIK 0 OLD GU>D 0 ) ! DEG5]ATION ( ! LEAD]S ( ! ,SECOND ,9T]NATIONAL4 ,HE ADD$ ?AT ! 0 BANKRUPT REPRES5TATIVES ( ! APP>ATUS 0 W]E PREP>$1 AT ?AT MOM5T1 0 BUREAUCRATICALLY TO MAKE ! REVOLUTION NULL & VOID40 ,HE IMPEA*$ ! 0 FACTIONALISM 0 ( ! BUREAUCRACY4 

,AGA9/ ?IS PAMPHLET1 IT WAS COMPLA9$ ?AT TO OPPOSE ! P>TY TO ITS APP>ATUS WAS NOT ,BOL%EVISM 2 TO BLAME ! APP>ATUS = FACTIONALISM WAS ANTI-,BOL%EVISM2 & TO COMP>E ! ,BOL%EVIK LEAD]%IP ) ?AT ( ! ,SECOND ,9T]NATIONAL WAS TO ACCUSE ! ,BOL%EVIK LEAD]S ( 0 GR[+ GREY 9 ! FI<T = & NOT ! FI<T AGA9/ 0 ,OPPORTUNISM40 ,IT MU/ NOT BE =GOTT5 ?AT1 9 ! SUCCE$+ YE>S1 AS ! ,BOL%EVIK LEAD]S W]E DISC>D$ ONE BY ONE1 9 EV]Y CASE1 ,/AL9ISM ACCUS$ !M ( LIFE-LONG OPPORTAMISM 6 

,TROTSKY'S W>N+S W]E D5\NC$ AS SL&]S BY ! SECTION ( ! ,BOL%EVIK 0 ,OLD ,GU>D 0 & 0 ,L59I/ ,C5TRAL ,COMMITTEE0 :I* BROKE 9TO DOZ5S ( FRAGM5TS 9 ! YE>S ?AT FOLL[$4 ,AS ! 9DIVIDUAL MEMB]S SUCCUMB$ TO ! P]SECUTION ( ! BUREAUCRATIC MA*9E1 !Y MU/ HAVE MUS$ ON ,TROTSKY'S APPLICATION ( ,L59'S PHASE1 ?AT 0 HI/ORY KN[S DEG5]ATIONS ( ALL SORTS40 

,! ,TROTSKY PROGRAMME = RE/OR+ WORK]S' DEMOCRACY WAS C\PL$ ) A DEF9ITE POLICY ( PLANN$ ECONOMY = SPE$+ UP ! 9DU/RIALISATION ( AGRICULTURE4 ,! PLAN IDEA MET ) A/\ND+ ANTAGONISM FROM ! BUREAUCRACY BUT T5 YE>S AFT] WAS ACCEPT$ & APPLI$ EFFICI5TLY BY ! ,/AL9I/ APP>ATUS & POPUL>IS$ UND] ! TITLE ( ! ,FIVE ,YE> ,PLAN4 ,! FACT ?AT IT HAD BE5 ADVANC$ BY ! ,TROTSKYI/ ,OPPOSITION & RIDICUL$ BY ! ,/AL9 MAJORITY IS =GOTT5 MO/ CONV5I5TLY4 ,! ,/AL9I/ VIEW1 & ! ESS5CE ( ! DISPUTE1 WAS /AT$ WELL BY ,Z9OVIEV1 AT ?AT TIME A VIOL5T OPPON5T ( ,TROTSKY1 & ! SPOKESMAN ( ! ,/AL9 MAJORITY FACTION1 9 HIS SPEE* ( ,JANU>Y #f1 #a#i#b#d4 

,Z9OVIEV SPOKE ( ,TROTSKY'S 0 OB/9ATE P]SI/5CE 9 CL++ TO A BEAUTIFUL PLAN0 & DECL>$ IT TO BE 0 9TR9SICALLY NO?+ ELSE ?AN A CONSID]ABLE CONCESSION TO ! OLD-FA%ION$ VIEW ?AT A GOOD PLAN IS A UNIV]SAL REM$Y1 ! LA/ WORD 9 WISDOM40 

0 ,TROTSKY'S /&PO9T HAS GREATLY IMPRESS$ MANY /UD5TS4 ,WE WANT TO HAVE TRANSPORT AFFAIRS MANAG$ BY ,DZH]ZH9SKY2 ECONOMICS BY ,RYKOV2 F9ANCE BY ,SOKOLNIKOV2 ,T,R,O,T,S,K,Y1 ,O,N ,! ,O,!,R ,H,&1 ,W,A,N,T,S ,T,O ,C,>,R,Y ,\,T ,E,V,],Y,?,+ ,) ,! ,A,I,D ,( ,A ',/,A,T,E ,P,L,A,N'40 

,TROTSKY'S !ORY ( A ,/ATE PLAN LAT] BECAME ! POLICY ( ! ,/AL9 GR\P & ! SOLE JU/IFICATION = ITS CONT9UATION 9 P[]4 ,! ,/AL9 MAJORITY BORR[$ :OLESALE ! V]Y PROGRAMME AGA9/ :I* !Y HAD MOBILIS$ ! :OLE ,COMMUNI/ MOVEM5T YE>S BE=E1 & = URG+ :I* ,TROTSKY WAS EXIL$4 ,) ! APP>ATUS AT !IR COMM&1 ! P>TY LEAD]S W]E ABLE TO OBTA9 A MAJORITY = !IR DEMAGOGY4 ,! CONTROL ( ! MA*9]Y ( ! ,COMMUNI/ ,9T]NATIONAL FACILITAT$ ! 0 VOT+ D[N 0 ( ! OPPOSITION 9 ! SO-CALL$ P>TIES ABROAD4 ,TROTSKY WAS VOT$ D[N BY A MEMB]%IP ( :I* NOT ONE T5? HAD SE5 OR READ :AT HE ACTUALLY WROTE & /OOD =4 ,! MAJORITY WAS RIGG$ AGA9/ ,TROTSKYISM ) COMP>ATIVE EASE L>GELY BECAUSE ( ! ,OCTOB] #aibc RETREAT ( ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY 9 ,G]MANY4 ,?IS EV5T DEVELOP$ HY/]IA 9 ! RANKS ( ! ,COM9T]N1 9T5SIFI$ ! REACTION 9 ! ,SOVIET UNION1 & DECID$ ! PASS+ ( ! ,COMMUNI/ ,9T]NATIONAL4 

O ,*APT] #c 3 ,! ,LESSONS ( ,OCTOB] 

,! SITUATION 9 ,G]MANY 9 ! AUTUMN ( #aibc WAS FAVORABLE TO ! RISE ( A REVOLUTION>Y PROLET>IAT4 ,BUT ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY CONDUCT$ A REL5TLESS W> AGA9/ ! ,ANTI-,P>LIAM5T>Y ,K4,A4,P4,D41 :I* HAD BE5 BORN 9 #a#i#b1 [+ TO ! COLLAPSE1 AS AN ORGANIZATION ( /RUGGLE1 ( ! ,K4,P4,D1 FAVOR$ BY ,MOSC[1 & US$ ! ROMANCE ( ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION AS A %IELD = ITS [N >ROGANT 9EPTITUDE4 ,! ,G]MAN B\RGEOISE WAS ABLE TO EXTRICATE ITSELF FROM AN 0 9EXTRICABLE SITUATION10 AS ,TROTSKY SAID1 BECAUSE ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY DID NOT REALIZE ?AT ! POSITION WAS 0 9EXTRICABLE10 & SO FAIL$ TO ACT4 ,! REVOLUTION>Y CRISIS WAS REA*$ 9 ,OCTOB]1 & ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY W5T ON RECRUIT+1 & REMA9$ PASSIVE1 ADMIR+ ITS ACCUMULATION ( DEAD =CES4 ,IT DEVELOP$ NO 9ITIATIVE & WAT*$ ! B\RGEOISE OV]?R[ ( ! ,SOCIALI/-,COMMUNI/ COALITION ( ,GOV]NM5TS 9 ,SAXONY & ,?UR+IA4 ,AT ! CRITICAL MOM5T1 ! ,COMMUNI/ LEAD]S RETREAT$ & ?REW BO? ! P>TY & ! MASSES 9TO DESPAIR4 ,RESPONSIBILITY = ?IS DEBACLE RE/$ ON ! %\LD]S1 PRIM>ILY1 ( ! ,COMMUNI/ ,9T]NATIONAL BUREAUCRACY & ! LEAD]S ( ! ,RUSSIAN ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY4 ,/AL91 ,Z9OVIEV1 & ,BU*>9 W]E MORE RESPONSIBLE ?AN ,BR&L] & ,?ALHEIM]1 :O BECAME ! SCAPEGOATS4 

,WRIT+ TO ,Z9OVIEV1 9 ,AUGU/ #a#i#b#c1 ,/AL9 DECL>$ ?AT IF ! ,COMMUNI/S ATTEMPT$ TO SEIZE P[]1 !Y W\LD CRA%1 & RECEIVE 0 A TEA*+ DEMON/RATION 0 ?AT W\LD BECOME 0 A G5]AL SLAU<T]40 ,HE URG$ ?AT ! ,FASCI/S MU/ BE ALL[$ 0TO ATTACK FIR/2 ?IS WILL RALLY ! :OLE WORK+-CLASS >\ND ! ,COMMUNI/S4 ,G]MANY IS NOT ,BULG>IA4 ,BESIDES1 ! ,FASCI/S 9 ,G]MANY1 ACCORD+ TO ! DATA ,I HAVE1 >E WEAK4 ,9 MY E/IMATION1 ! ,G]MANS MU/ BE RE/RA9$1 NOT SPURR$ ON40 

,G]MANY WAS ,BULG>IA OV] AGA9 BUT MU* WORSE2 & ,FASCISM WAS NOT WEAK4 ,9/EAD ( 5C\RAG+ ,BR&L] & ,?ALHEIM] TO PURSUE A POLICY ( /RUGGLE1 ,/AL9 URG$ ON !M A /UDI$ PROGRAM ( 9ACTION4 

,! (FICIAL REPORT ( ! ,SEPTEMB] #aibc ,PL5UM ( ! ,RUSSIAN ,P>TY ,C5TRAL ,COMMITTEE1 ISSU$ WEEKS BE=E ! ,G]MAN RETREAT1 RECORD$1 9 T]MS ( CONDEMNATION1 ,TROTSKY'S VIEW ( ! MATT]1 AS /AT$ 9 A SPEE* MADE 0 BE=E LEAV+ ! SESSION ( ! ,C5TRAL ,COMMITTEE40 ,! REPORT DECL>$ ?AT ?IS SPEE* 0 GREATLY EXCIT$ ALL ! ,C5TRAL ,COMMITTEE MEMB]S40 ,TROTSKY /AT$ ?AT 0 ! LEAD]%IP ( ! ,G]MAN ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY IS WOR?LESS1 ITS ,C5TRAL ,COMMITTEE P]MEAT$ ) FATALISM & SLEEPYHEAD$NESS10 & 0 ?AT UND] !SE CONDITIONS ! ,G]MAN REVOLUTION IS CONDEMNE$ TO FAILURE40 ,! (FICIAL REPORT PROCE$$ TO DESCRIBE ?IS /ATEM5T AS A 0PHILLIPIC CALL$ =? BY AN 9CID5T 444 :I* HAD NO?+ TO DO ) ! ,G]MAN REVOLUTION 0 & 0WAS A CONTRADICTION TO ! OBJECTIVE /ATE ( AFFAIRS40 ,! REPORT ALSO SAID3 0 ,?IS SPEE* PRODUC$ AN A/\ND+ IMPRESSION40 

,NOT ,TROTSKY'S SPEE*1 T]RIBLE 9 ITS ACCURACY ( =ECA/ & DEPICTION ( REALITY1 BUT ! FACTS ON :I* IT WAS BAS$ %\LD HAVE PRODUC$ ! IMPRESSION4 

,AFT] ! ,G]MAN ,OCTOB] DEFEAT HAD CONFIRM$ ,TROTSKY'S CL>ITY ( UND]/&+1 ,/AL9 & ,Z9OVIEV D5\NC$ ,BR&L] & ,?ALHEIM] AS BE+ EXCLUSIVELY RESPONSIBLE = ! C\RSE :I* ! ,COM9T]N LEAD]%IP HAD DIRECT$4 ,= :AT HAPP5$1 & = :AT DID NOT HAPP51 A SIMPLE BUREAUCRATIC DECL>ATION MADE ,BR&L] CULPABLE4 

,TROTSKY EXAM9$ ! ,G]MAN ,OCTOB]1 9 HIS BRILLIANT WORK1 0 ,LESSONS ( ,OCTOB]10 9 :I* HE COMP>$ ! ,BOL%EVIK UPHEAVAL ( #aiag ) ! #aibc DEFEAT 9 ,G]MANY4 ,IT IS 9T]E/+ TO NOTE ?AT ! MON? BE=E ! ,G]MAN DEFEAT1 ! ,BULG>IAN ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY HAD SUCCUMB$4 ,?IS FACT EXPLA9S ,/AL9'S 9CAUTI\S OBS]VATION TO ,Z9OVIEV4 

,SUMM>IZ+ HIS /UDY ( ,OCTOB] VICTORY & DEFEAT1 ,TROTSKY DECL>$ ?AT ! TYPICAL1 & NOT P>TICUL>1 FEATURE ( ! ,G]MAN DEFEAT1 WAS ! DANG] ( 0 CRISIS ( REVOLUTION>Y LEAD]%IP ON ! EVE ( TRANSITION TO >M$ UPRIS+40 ,HE %[$ H[ 0 ! DEP?S ( ! PROLET>IAN P>TY 0 W]E 0 F> LESS SUSCEPTIBLE TO B\RGEOISE PUBLIC OP9ION 0 ?AN 0 ELEM5TS ( ! P>TY LEAD]%IP 0 & 0 ITS MIDDLE LAY]S 0 :O UNFAIL+LY SUCCUMB 0TO ! MAT]IAL & IDEOLOGICAL T]ROR ( ! B\RGEOISE40 ,:]EAS 0 ONLY A M9ORITY0 ( ! ,RUSSIAN ,P>TY LEAD]%IP 0WAS SEIZ$' BY ?IS DANG]\S IRRESOLUTION & VACILLATION 9 #a#i#a#g10 & 0 W]E OV]COME BY ! %>P 5]GY ( ,L5910 9 ,G]MANY ! 5TIRE LEAD]%IP VACILLAT$4 ,& SO ! REVOLUTION>Y SITUATION WAS PASS$ BY4 ,! BUS9ESS ( ! ,COMMUNI/S WAS TO LE>N ! ,LESSONS ( ,OCTOB] & SO LIMIT SU* FATAL CRISES4 

,! ,/AL9 FACTION WI%$ TO AVOID FAC+ ?IS ANALYSIS4 ,:5 ,TROTSKY REF]R$ TO ! ,RUSSIAN W+ ( #a#i#a#g1 IT WAS KN[N ?AT HE WAS C5SUR+ ,Z9OVIEV1 ,KAM5EV1 ,RYKOV1 ,TOMSKY1 ,/AL9 & COMPANY :O1 9 ! MON?S PREC$+ ! ,BOL%EVIK UPRIS+1 OPPOS$ ! IDEA ( 9SURRECTION T[>DS :I* ,L59 & ,TROTSKY W]E /E]+ ! P>TY4 ,/AL9 & HIS H5*M5 KNEW ?AT AN EXAM9ATION 9TO ! ,G]MAN RETREAT W\LD PROVE ?AT ! RI<T W+ ( #aiag HAD REPEAT$ ITS FAILURE 9 #a#i#b#c4 ,CONSEQU5TLY ! LEAD]%IP ( ! ,COMMUNI/ ,9T]NATIONAL DEM&$ ?AT ! :OLE ,9T]NATIONAL \TLAW ,TROTSKY & HIS WRIT+S4 

,AN 9T]E/+ EXAMPLE ( ! EXCOMMUNICATION AT WORK WAS (F]$ BY ! VOT+ 9 ! ,AM]ICAN P>TY4 ,! 0 ,LESSONS ( ,OCTOB] 0 WAS NOT PR9T$ BY ! P>TY 9 ! ,5GLI% LANGUAGE & #ii P] C5T4 ( ! MEMB]%IP & LEAD]%IP ( ! ,AM]ICAN P>TY KNEW NO?+ AB\T ITS CONT5TS4 ,BUT !Y CA/ ! SOLEMN VOTE 9 CONDEMNATION ( ,TROTSKY'S VIEW4 ,IT WAS TAK5 = GRANT$ ?AT ! ,OPPOSITION WAS WRONG4 

O ,*APT] #d 3 ,SOCIALISM 9 ,ONE ,C\NTRY 

,AS LATE AS ! #e? ,CONGRESS ( ! ,COM9T]N1 9 #a#i#b#d1 ,/AL91 ,Z9OVIEV1 ,BU*>91 & O!R ,TROTSKY-BAIT]S1 D5I$ ?AT ! ,G]MAN DEFEAT HAD GIV5 ! B\RGEOISIE ( ,C5TRAL ,EUROPE ! BREA?+ SPACE IT S\<T & NE$$4 ,!Y DEF9$ IT AS A M]E EPISODE & DECL>$ ?AT ! ,OPPOSITION HAD LO/ FAI? 9 ! ,REVOLUTION4 ,IT WAS BUT A /EP FROM ?IS D5UNCIATION TO ! ASS]TION ?AT ! REVOLUTION>Y SITUATION WAS RI<T AHEAD4 ,FROM ?IS FLAMBUOYANT OPTIMISM1 ,/AL9ISM PROGRESS$ RAPIDLY TO ! PESSIMI/IC BELIEF ?AT ! ,REVOLUTION 9 ,WE/]N ,EUROPE WAS PO/PON$ 9DEF9ITELY4 ,! ,/AL9I/ BUREAUCRACY BECAME ! LIQUIDATORS2 & SO !Y DEVELOP$ ! ABSURD !ORY ( 0 ,SOCIALISM 9 ,ONE ,C\NTRY40 ,BY ITS V]Y =MULATION1 ?IS !ORY REGI/]S ! FACT ?AT ITS AU?ORS HAD LO/ FAI? 9 ! WORLD REVOLUTION4 0 ,SOCIALISM 9 ,ONE ,C\NTRY 0 IS ! DOCTR9E ( CAPITALI/ /ABILIZATION4 ,LOSOVSKY1 AS HEAD ( ! ,R$ ,9T]NATIONAL ( ,LABOR ,UNIONS1 DECL>$1 ON BEHALF ( ,/AL9ISM1 ?AT ! /ABILIZATION ( ,EUROPE W\LD LA/ = DECADES4 ,?IS WAS A D5IAL ( ! ,SOCIALI/ DICTUM ?AT WE >E LIV+ 9 A P]IOD ( W>S & PROLET>IAN REVOLUTION4 ,L59 C]TA9LY EMBRAC$ ?IS DICTUM2 BUT IT DOES NOT FOLL[ ?AT HE NEV] FLIRT$ ) ! IDEA ( BUILD+ ,SOCIALISM 9 ,RUSSIA4 

,UNTIL #a#i#b#d1 ! ,UTOPIAN IDEA ( 0 ,SOCIALISM 9 ,ONE ,C\NTRY 0 WAS NEV] 5T]TA9$ S]I\SLY BY ! ,COMMUNI/3 MOVEM5T4 ,M>X & ,5GELS HAD ATTACK$ ! IDEA AS ,UTOPIAN & EV5 ,/AL9 ADMITT$ ?AT !SE PIONE]S ( SCI5TIFIC ,SOCIALISM NEV] CONSID]$ ! POSSIBILITY ( A NATIONAL ,SOCIALI/ ,UTOPIA4 ,/AL9 DECL>$ ?AT ! IDEA WAS 0 =MULAT$ FIR/ BY ,L59 9 #a#i#a#e40 

,/AL9I/S CLAIM ?AT ?IS !ORY ( 0,SOCIALISM 9 ,ONE ,C\NTRY10 MEAN+ ,RUSSIA1 WAS A MATT] ( VITAL DIFF]5CE BETWE5 ,L59 & ,TROTSKY S9CE #a#i#a#e4 ,ON ,APRIL #a#b1 #a#i#a#f1 WRIT+ 9 HIS PAP]1 ,NA%E ,SLAVO1 ,TROTSKY REPLI$ TO ,L59 & *ALL5G$ HIS CONCEPTION AS 0 NATIONAL LIMIT$NESS40 ,HE DECL>$ ?AT ! ,WE/]N ,CAPITALI/ P[]S W]E 0 RIPE = ! SOCIAL REVOLUTION10 BUT ?AT ,RUSSIA1 ,AFRICA1 & ,ASIA W]E NOT4 ,TROTSKY ADD$ 3 

0 ,TO EXAM9E ! PROSPECTS ( SOCIAL REVOLUTION 9 A NATIONAL FRAMEWORK W\LD MEAN BECOM+ A VICTIM ( ?AT SAME ,N,A,T,I,O,N,A,L ,L,I,M,I,T,$,N,E,S,S :I* CON/ITUTES ! ESS5CE ( SOCIAL-PATRIOTISM4444 ,TO /RUGGLE = ! MA9T5ANCE ( ! NATIONAL BASE ( ! REVOLUTION BY ME?ODS :I* BREAK UP ! 9T]NATIONAL CONNECTIONS ( ! PROLET>IAT MEANS1 9 FACT1 UND]M9+ ! REVOLUTION40 

,9 #a#i#b#b1 ,L59 9=M$ ! ,MOSC[ ,SOVIET ?AT 8 WE HAVE DRAGG$ ,SOCIALISM 9TO EV]YDAY LIFE 0 & PROPHESI$ ?AT 0 ,RUSSIA ( ,N4,E4,P4 WILL BECOME ,SOCIALI/ ,RUSSIA40 ,?IS /ATEM5T WAS FALSE & ! FACT ?AT ,L59 UTT]$ IT DOES NOT MAKE IT TRUE4 

,! SAME YE> ,TROTSKY REPUBLI%$ HIS #a#i#a#e-#a#f >TICLES1 UND] ! TITLE1 0 ,A ,PEACE ,PROGRAM10 ) AN 0,AFT]WORD10 9 :I* HE DECL>$ ?AT ,RUSSIA HAD 0 NOT COME TO ! CREATION ( A ,SOCIALI/ ORD] & 0 HAD 0 NOT EV5 APPROA*$ IT40 ,HE ADD$ ?AT 0 ! G5U9E RISE ( ,SOCIALI/ ECONOMY 9 ,RUSSIA WILL BECOME POSSIBLE ONLY AFT] ! VICTORY ( ! PROLET>IAT 9 ! MO/ IMPORTANT C\NTRIES 9 ,EUROPE40 

,F\R YE>S LAT]1 ,TROTSKY REPEAT$ ?IS VIEW1 & >GU$ RI<TLY ?AT ! !ORY ( BUILD+ ,SOCIALISM 9 ONE C\NTRY IS 0 ! !ORETICAL JU/IFICATION ( NATIONAL LIMIT$NESS40 ,9 #a#i#c#c1 HE D5\NC$ ! !ORY AS 0 A PETTY B\RGEOIS ,UTOPIA40 

,! ,/AL9I/S URGE ?AT ?IS IS NOT AN ATTACK ON ,/AL9 BUT ON ,L594 ,EV5 SO1 SU* AN ATTACK W\LD NOT BE CRIM9AL4 ,IT MAY PROVE ?AT ,TROTSKY IS NOT A0 ,L59I/10 BUT IT DOES NOT E/ABLI% ,L59'S REPUTATION AS A ,SOCIALI/1 & IT C]TA9LY DE/ROYS HIS CLAIM TO BE REG>D$ AS A CLE> SOCIAL ?9K]4 

,IT IS CONT5D$ ?AT ! ONLY CONCESSION MADE TO ! NECESSITY = WORLD REVOLUTION BY ,L59 WAS ! ADMISSION ?AT ! ONLY F9AL GU>ANTEE ?AT IT C\LD EXI/ ONCE IT HAD BE5 BUILT WAS 9 ! OV]?R[ ( ! ,CAPITALI/ /ATES1 I4E41 WORLD REVOLUTION 9 ORD] TO PROTECT ,RUSSIA AGA9/ MILIT>Y ATTACK4 

,! REPLY TO ?IS APOLOGY = NATIONALI/ ]ROR IS SIMPLE4 ,IT IS TO D5\NCE ! ABSURDITY ( ?IS ONE C\NTRY !ORY1 IRRESPECTIVE ( RESPONSIBILITY = AU?OR%IP4 ,L59'S ATTITUDE DID CONTRIBUTE TO ! DEVELOPM5T ( ?IS REACTION>Y !SIS1 BUT !RE CAN BE NO QUE/ION ?AT HI/ORY LEFT ,/AL9 TO *AMPION & EXALT ! ABSURD NOTION TO A VISION ( 0 REVOLUTION>Y 0 A*IEVEM5T4 

,L59 PLAY$ A MO/ IMPORTANT P>T 9 ! #aiag REVOLUTION1 BUT !RE IS NOT A S+LE REF]5CE TO ?IS !ORY 9 ! PROGRAM ( ! ,BOL%EVIK P>TY AT ! TIME4 ,! PROGRAM ( ! ,Y\NG ,COMMUNI/ ,LEAGUE ( ,RUSSIA1 ADOPT$ 9 #a#i#b#a1 UND] ! SUP]VISION ( ,BU*>9 & ! ,C5TRAL ,COMMITTEE ( ! P>TY1 DECL>ES ?AT ,RUSSIA 0 CAN >RIVE AT ,SOCIALISM ONLY ?R\< ! ,WORLD ,PROLET>IAN ,REVOLUTION1 :I* EPO* WE HAVE N[ 5T]$40 ,! #d? ,CONGRESS ( ! ,COM9T]N 9 #a#i#b#b1 RESOLV$ UNANIM\SLY ?AT ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION 0 REM9DS ! PROLET>IANS ( ALL C\NTRIES ?AT ! ,PROLET>IAN ,REVOLUTION CAN NEV] BE COMPLETELY VICTORI\S )9 ONE S+LE C\NTRY1 BUT ?AT IT MU/ W9 ! VICTORY ,9T]NATIONALLY1 AS ! ,WORLD ,REVOLUTION4 0 

,?REE YE>S BE=E ?IS1 ,BU*>9 HAD DECL>$ ?AT ! E/ABLI%M5T ( ,SOCIALISM 9 ,RUSSIA C\LD 0 BEG9 ONLY ) ! VICTORY ( ! PROLET>IAT 9 SEV]AL L>GE C\NTRIES40 ,/AL91 9 ! SECOND $ITION ( HIS 0 ,PROBLEMS ( ,L59ISM10 ADVANC$ ! CAUTI\S =MULA ?AT 0 ! VICTORI\S PROLET>IAT ( ONE C\NTRY10 AFT] IT 0 HAD CONSOLIDAT$ ITS P[] & WON OV] ! PEASANTRY = ITSELF10 0 CAN & MU/ BUILD UP ! ,SOCIALI/ ,SOCIETY40 ,?IS /ATEM5T IS REMOV$ F> FROM ! UNRE/RA9$ NATIONALI/IC GOSPEL ( 0 ,SOCIALISM 9 ,ONE ,C\NTRY10 ( DEVELOP$ ,/AL9ISM4 ,EV5 SO1 ! =MULA HAS BE5 SUB/ITUT$ = ALMO/ DEF9ITE OPPOSITE /ATEM5T 9 ! FIR/ $ITION ( ?IS WORK4 ,H]E ,/AL9 DECL>$ ?AT ! F9AL VICTORY ( ,SOCIALISM = ! ORGANIZATION ( ,SOCIALI/ CON/RUCTION C\LD NOT BE ATTA9$ 9 ONE C\NTRY1 BUT REQUIR$ ! 0 JO9T EF=TS 0 ( ! PROLET>IAT ( SEV]AL ADVANC$ C\NTRIES4 ,:I* IS1 ( C\RSE1 ! CORRECT VIEW4 

,! !ORY ( ,SOCIALISM 9 ONE C\NTRY WAS NOT WRITT5 9TO ! PROGRAM ( ! ,COMMUNI/ ,9T]NATIONAL UNTIL #a#i#b#h4 ,IT HAD BE5 ADVANC$ BY ,/AL9 S9CE #a#i#b#d1 & WAS ASSOCIAT$ ) AN UNBROK5 *A9 ( PROLET>IAN DEFEATS4 ,! !ORY UND]M9$ ! PROLET>IAN /RUGGLE T[>DS ! WORLD REVOLUTION & SUB/ITUT$ C\NT]-REVOLUTION>Y POLITICAL DICTATOR%IP OV] ! PROLET>IAT = ! REVOLUTION>Y /RUGGLE ( ! PROLET>IAT T[>DS A WORLD ( FRE$OM4 ,IT MADE A F>CE ( ! REVOLUTION>Y CLAIMS ( ! ,SOVIET 

,UNION & ,SOCIALI/ ,REPUBLIC4 ,ONE ( ! EV5TS :I* ILLU/RAT$ ! GR[+ M5ACE ( ! !ORY WAS ! ,BRITI% ,G5]AL ,/RIKE ( #a#i#b#f4 

O ,*APT] #e 3 ,! ,BRITI% ,G5]AL ,/RIKE1 #aibf 

,/AL9ISM CONT9U$ ITS RAKE'S PROGRESS ( ,G]MAN DEBACLE & 0 ,SOCIALISM 9 ,ONE ,C\NTRY10 BY PURSU+ A POLICY ( /UDI$ DISA/] 9 CONNECTION ) ! ,BRITI% ,G5]AL ,/RIKE ( #a#i#b#f4 ,?IS ,BRITI% POLICY WAS ! 9EVITABLE CONSEQU5CE ( ! ,COM9T]N'S ,G]MAN FIASCO & ITS ,RUSSIAN ABSURDITY4 

,SUPPORT+ ,/AL9'S /ATEM5T ?AT ! ,G]MAN PROLET>IAT HAD SUFF]$ NO DEFEAT1 ,Z9OVIEV ADVIS$ ! #e? ,CONGRESS ( ! ,COM9T]N1 #a#i#b#d1 ?AT ,G]MANY WAS 0 APPROA*+ A %>P5$ CIVIL W>40 ,?IS WAS NOT A DISCR$IT$ PR$ICTION1 BUT A BRAGG>T'S GE/URE ( BAD FAI?2 = ! TIME ( PR$ICTION HAD PASS$ & ! FACTS TOLD !IR [N TALE ( C\NT]-REVOLUTION>Y TRIUMPH4 ,IT WAS NOT POSSIBLE = ! LEAD]S ( ! ,COM9T]N TO SAVE !IR FACES BY CRY+ 9 MORE TR5*ANT TONES !IR SLOGAN ( HY/]IA3 0 ,SOCIALISM 9 ,ONE ,C\NTRY40 ,TO MA9TA9 !IR HOLD ON ! ,RUSSIAN PROLET>IAT1 & TO RAMIFY !IR POSITION 9 O!R C\NTRIES1 ! ,RUSSIAN LEAD]S HAD TO 9V5T REVOLUTION>Y PH5OM5A & TO PA9T 9 REVOLUTION>Y COLORS MOVEM5TS & M5 :O HAD NO?+ 9 COMMON ) ! REVOLUTION4 ,JUDAS MOV$ 9 ! DIRECTION ( ,JUDAS2 & !Y HAD TO ID5TIFY !MSELVES ) ! DISCR$IT$ ,LABOR POLITICIANS LEFT OV] FROM ! ,SECOND ,9T]NATIONAL & PETTY B\RGEOIS ?9K]S :O W]E REG>D$ AS ! LIT]>Y MESSIAHS 9 G>D5 CITIES & 0 SO-CORRECT 0 9TELLECTUAL C5T]S4 ,! ,WORLD ,LEAGUE ,AGA9/ ,IMP]IALISM WAS =M$ BY ! ,COM9T]N AS A REFUGE = ! MEMB]S ( ?IS 9TRIGU+ ALLIANCE1 & ! ,ANGLO-,RUSSIAN ,COMMITTEE WAS CALL$ 9TO EXI/5CE TO PROP UP ! FANTA/IC $IFICE ( ! #e? ,CONGRESS4 ,! LIQUIDATION ( ,COMMUNISM PROCE$$4 

,! ,ANGLO-,RUSSIAN ,COMMITTEE WAS =M$ AS A RESULT ( ! ,BRITI% ,TRADE ,UNION ,DELEGATION VISIT TO ! ,SOVIET ,UNION AT ! 5D ( #a#i#b#d4 ,IT WAS COMPOS$ ( ! ,C\NCILS ( ! ,TRADE ,UNIONS ( ,BRITA9 & ,RUSSIA4 ,= A YE> PRIOR TO ! ,BRITI% ,G5]AL ,/RIKE1 ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY ( ,GREAT ,BRITA9 PROCLAIM$ ! IMBECILE SLOGAN 3 0 ,ALL ,P[] TO ! ,G5]AL ,C\NCIL40 ,SUNDAY AFT] ,SUNDAY1 ! ,SUNDAY ,WORK] POPUL>IZ$ ! SLOGAN & IT WAS ! WAT*WORD ( ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY MEET+S4 ,! REASON = ?IS SLOGAN WAS ! REASON = ! ALLIANCE ITSELF4 ,/AL9ISM HAD CONV]T$ ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY 9TO A ,SOVIET ,BORD] ,PATROL & ! WORLD REVOLUTION1 & ! /RUGGLE ( ! ,BRITI% PROLET>IAT1 W]E SUBSIDI>Y TO ! 0 ,SOCIALISM 9 ,ONE ,C\NTRY 0 IDEAL1 TO ! 5TR5*M5T ( ! ,SOVIET BUREAUCRACY4 

,AS ,I WRITE1 ,I HAVE BE=E ME A COPY ( ! ,SUNDAY ,WORK] = ,MAY #b#d1 #a#i#b#e4 ,IT COMM5CES A S]IES ( >TICLES1 5TITL$ FALSELY1 0,LEAD]S ( ! ,LEFT10 & 0 ,NO4 #a0 IS 0 ,A4 ,B4 ,SWALES10 !N ,PRESID5T ( ! ,TRADES ,UNION ,CONGRESS1 A MEMB] ( ! ,G5]AL ,C\NCIL1 & ALSO ,E4,C4 ,MEMB] ( ! ,A4,E4,U4 ,9 #a#i#b#d1 HE WAS ,BRITI% ,FRAT]NAL DELEGATC TO ! ,A4,F4,L4 ,! ,MOSC[ SUBSIDIZ$ ,SUNDAY ,WORK] SAID 3 

0 ,IT WILL BE SE5 ?AT HE HAD HELD EV]Y HI< (FICE 9 ! TRADE UNION MOVEM5T4 ,& YET -- & ?IS IS HIS /RONGE/ PO9T AS A ,LABOR LEAD] -- HE IS /ILL AN >D5T RANK & FIL] & VIEWS EV]Y BIG PROBLEM FROM ! ANGLE ( ! ,WORK] AT ! B5*4 

0 ,MANY SUP]FICIAL PEOPLE :5 !Y >E DRESS$ ' 9 A LITTLE BRIEF AU?ORITY ' BECOME V]Y ' UPPI% ' & BEG9 TO APE ! MANN]ISMS ( ' SOCIETY4' ,NOT SO \R FRI5D ,SWALES4 ,HE IS AT ONE ) ! ,WORK]S1 BODY & S\L1 9 !IR EV]YDAY /RUGGLE4 ,& HE HAS NO?+ BUT CONTEMPT = ?OSE LEAD]S :O1 :5 !Y LEAVE ! WORK%OP1 =GET ! MASSES & !IR /RUGGLE4444 

0 ,AT ! ,TRADES ,UNION ,CONGRESS TO BE HELD 9 ,SEPTEMB] AT ,SC>BOR\< HE WILL DELIV] ! ,*AIRMAN'S SPEE*4 ,KN[+ HIM AS WE DO WE PROPHESY ?AT ?IS WILL NOT BE A ?+ MADE UP ( RHETORIC FIREWORKS -- IT WILL BE SOME?+ MU* MORE IMPORTANT4 ,IT WILL BE SOME?+ /AT$ 9 PLA9 BLUNT LANGUAGE1 & IT WILL GIVE ! :OLE MOVEM5T A BOLD & CLEV] LEAD4 ,IT WILL P]SONIFY ! SIMPLE & RUGG$ /R5G? ( A F>-SEE+ & C\RAGE\S LEAD]4 

0 ,SWALES IS NOT ONE ( Y\R ' /&(FI%' K9D4 ,AT A SOCIAL GA!R+ HE IS ! S\L ( M]RIM5T & CAN S+ A GOOD SONG1 9 A SPL5DID RESONANT VOICE1 ) ! BE/ ( !M40 

,/AL9 & ,BU*>9 5D[$ ! ,ANGLO-,RUSSIAN ,COMMITTEE ) CAPACITIES & OBJECTIVES ?AT W]E NOT ONLY BEYOND IT1 BUT ALI5 TO ITS V]Y NATURE4 LN #a#i#b#f1 ITS YE> ( COLLAPSE & PATRIOTIC FAILURE1 ,/AL9 DEPICT$ IT AS ! /AUN* BULW>K ( ! WORLD-PROLET>IAT AGA9/ 0 ,IMP]IALI/ W> 9 G5]AL10 :I* IT MO/ CLE>LY WAS NOT4 ,/AL9 ADD$ 0 & AGA9/ AN 9T]V5TION 9 \R C\NTRY ESPECIALLY ON ! P>T ( ,5GL&1 ! MI<TIE/ ( ,IMP]IAL ,/ATES ( ,EUROPE40 

,?IS PHRASE IS ! REAL EXPLANATION ( ,/AL9'S BELIEF 9 ! ,ANGLO-,RUSSIAN ,COMMITTEE1 ?IS 0 ORGANIZATION ( BROAD MOVEM5T ( ! WORK+-CLASS 0 -- = :AT8 

,HYMNS ( PRAISE W]E SUNG TO ,PURCELL1 ,COOK1 ,HICKS1 ,SWALES1 ,TILLET1 & ,CITR9E1 AS ! REVOLUTION>Y ORGANIZ]S ( ! PROLET>IAT 9 ALL ! LANGUAGES ( ! ,COM9T]N4 ,! ,TROTSKYI/ ,OPPOSITION MA9TA9$ ?AT IT WAS A FALSE IDEA TO SET !SE ,BRITI% ,LABOR ,LIEUT5ANTS ( ,CAPITALISM ON A REVOLUTION>Y P$E/AL4 ,! ,OPPOSITION ADD$1 ) A SCA?+ ACCURACY1 ?AT ! 0 MORE ACUTE ! 9T]NATIONAL SITUATION BECOMES ! MORE ! ,ANGLO-,RUSSIAN ,COMMITTEE WILL BE TRANS=M$ 9TO A WEAPON ( ,5GLI% & ,9T]NATIONAL ,IMP]IALISM40 ,/AL9ISM D5\NC$ ?IS ATTITUDE AS ANTAGONISM TO ! ,UNIT$ ,FRONT1 & PAID S]VITUDE TO ,SIR ,AU/5 ,*AMB]LA9 6 

,PURCELL NE$$ ! ALLIANCE ( ! ,SOVIETS AS A %IELD FROM ! ATTACKS ( ! REVOLUTIONI/S 9 ,BRITA94 ,! ,SOVIETS HAIL$ HIM AS ONE ( ! ORGANIZ]S ( ! /RUGGLE AGA9/ ! MILIT>Y 9T]V5TION :I* ALONE C\LD PREV5T ,RUSSIA FROM BUILD+ ! ,SOCIALI/ ,SOCIETY4 ,! ,TRADE ,UNION BLOC QUICKLY BECAME A POLITICAL BLOC BETWE5 ! RE=MI/S ( ,5GL& & ! ,RUSSIAN P>TY BUREAUCRACY4 ,?IS BLOC LA/$ NOT = A MOM5T BUT SURVIV$ ! COLLAPSE ( ! ,G5]AL ,/RIKE & WAS MA9TA9$ BY ,/AL9 UNTIL WELL AFT] ! ,B]L9 ,CONF]5CE ( ! ,ANGLO-,RUSSIAN ,COMMITTEE1 HELD 9 ,APRIL #a#i#b#g4 

,9TO ! DETAILS ( ! ,G5]AL ,/RIKE ( #a#i#b#f1 :I* WAS BR\<T AB\T BY ! ,M9]S' ,/RIKE1 ONE NE$ NOT GO 9 ! PRES5T PAMPHLET4 ,?AT HAS BE5 DEALT ) BY ! PRES5T WRIT] FULLY ELSE:]E4 ,AFT] N9E DAYS ( RESI/ANCE ON ! P>T ( ! WORK]S1 ?AT D>L+ ( ! ,C4,P41 ! ,G5]AL ,C\NCIL ( ! ,TRADE ,UNIONS1 BETRAY$ ! /RUGGLE & ITS MEMB]S MADE ONE MAD COLLECTIVE RU% TO ,:ITEHALL TO CONF] ) ! ,BALDW9 ,GOV]NM5T ON H[ TO CRU% ! /RIKE4 ,) PATRIOTIC FR5ZY1 !SE 0 ,LEFT ,LABOR ,LEAD]S 0 HA/ILY WIP$ (F ! R$ V5E] ) :I* ! ,COM9T]N HAD COAT$ !M4 ,! F9ANCIAL AID FROM ! ,SOVIET ,UNION WAS REJECT$ ) 9DIGNATION AS 0 ?AT DAMN$ ,RUSSIAN GOLD40 ,PURCELL & ,SWALES DROPP$ ! ,R$ ,FLAG ) UNGRACI\S HA/E 9 FAVOR ( ! ,UNION ,JACK4 ,9/EAD ( BE+ 0 ! ORGANISATORY C5T] ?AT EMBRACES ! 9T]NATIONAL PROLET>IAT = ! /RUGGLE 0 !Y PROV$ TO BE ! RELIABLE PROP ( ! ,BRITI% RUL+ CLASS AGA9/ ! />V+ & /RUGGL+ WORK]S4 ,! ONLY ILLUM9AT+ EV5T ( ! /RUGGLE WAS ,Z9OVIEV'S EXCELL5T ANALYSIS ( ! POSITION ( ,COOK2 & ?IS ANALYSIS WAS 9 DIRECT OPPOSITION TO ! VIEWS ADVANC$ BY ALL MEMB]S ( ! ,/AL9I/ FACTION & TO ! POLICY ( ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY 9 ,GREAT ,BRITA94 ,IT WAS ONE ( ,Z9OVIEV'S BRILLIANT DEVIATIONS4 

,DUR+ ! ,G5]AL ,/RIKE DAYS ( /RUGGLE & TREA*]Y1 IT MAY BE SAID ?AT ! ,ANGLO-,RUSSIAN ,COMMITTEE WAS AS C]TA9LY WOR?LESS TO ! CAUSE ( ,SOCIALISM 9 ,RUSSIA AS IT WAS TO ! CAUSE ( ,SOCIALISM 9 ,BRITA94 ,IT HAD A DI/9CT VALUE ONLY = ! ,BRITI% ,TRADE ,UNION LEAD]S & = ! ,BRITI% RUL+ CLASS4 ,PURCELL1 ,SWALES & ,HICKS UTILIZ$ TO A MAXIMUM ! PRE/IGE ACCRU+ TO !M \T ( !IR =MAL & 9EXP5SIVE COLLABORATION ) ! ,BOL%EVIK REPRES5TATIVES ON ! ,ANGLO-,RUSSIAN ,COMMITTEE4 ,EV5 :5 ! ,G5]AL ,/RIKE HAD PROV$ A DISA/]1 ,/AL9 & ,BU*>9 /ILL REFUS$ TO BREAK ) !SE BETRAY]S ( ! WORK+ CLASS4 ,:5 AT LA/ ! ,/AL9I/S DID OPPOSE ! ,PURCELLS1 ?CY !N D5\NC$ NOT ONLY ! LEAD]S BUT ALSO DESCRIB$ ,SOCIAL-,FASCI/S ! WORK]S :O HAD BE5 BETRAY$ 9TO FOLL[+ !SE LEAD]S BY ! POLICY ( ! ,COM9T]N & ! ,ANGLO-,RUSSIAN ,COMMITTEE4 

,! ,ANGLO-,RUSSIAN ,COMMITTEE MADE NO PROTE/ AGA9/ ! BOMB>DM5T ( ,NANK+ BY ,BRITI% GUNBOATS2 AGA9/ ! POLICE RAID UPON ! ,>COS1 ! ,SOVIET TRAD+ ORGANIZATION 9 ,LONDON2 AGA9/ ! TREA*]Y ( ! BETRAYAL ( ! ,G5]AL ,/RIKE2 BUT IT DID ADOPT A RESOLUTION 9 :I* ! ,RUSSIANS & ,5GLI%M5 DECL>$ ?AT ! ONLY REPRES5TATIVES & SPOKESM5 ( ! ,TRADE ,UNION MOVEM5T W]E ! ,CONGRESS ( ! ,BRITI% ,TRADES ,UNION & ITS ,G5]AL ,C\NCIL3 & ?AT ! FRAT]NAL UNION 9CORPORAT$ 9 ! ,ANGLO-,RUSSIAN ,COMMITTEE C\LD NOT & MU/ NOT VIOLATE OR RE/RICT ! RI<TS & AUTONOMY ( ! RESPECTIVE ,TRADE ,UNION MOVEM5TS ( EA* C\NTRY2 NOR 9T]F]E 9 ANY MANN] :ATSOEV] 9 !IR 9T]NAL AFFAIRS4 

,! ,ANGLO-,RUSSIAN ,COMMITTEE WAS A PROLET>IAN CLASSIC FAILURE4 ,IT DEF5D$ ,LABOR ,FAKIRISM 9 ,5GL&2 ID5TIFI$ ITSELF ) BUREAUCRACY & DESPOTISM 9 ,RUSSIA1 & PROV$ ! NATURAL PRELUDE TO ! TRAG$Y ( ! ,*9ESE ,REVOLUTION4 

O ,*APT] #f 3 ,! ,*9ESE ,TRAG$Y 

,! COLLAPSE ( ! GREAT ,*9ESE REVOLUTION>Y MOVEM5T ( #a#i#b#e-#b#g IS A /&+ HI/ORICAL CONDEMNATION ( ! ,COMMUNI/ ,9T]NATIONAL4 ,CLO!D 9 ! =MAL AU?ORITY ( ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION & ! ,COM9T]N1 ,/AL9 & ,BU*>9 PROHIBIT$ ! ,*9ESE PROLET>IAT FROM /RUGGL+ = P[]4 ,!Y US$ ! PRE/IGE ( ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION TO DE/ROY ! ,*9ESE ,REVOLUTION & !Y EMPLOY$ ! ,SOVIETS ( ,RUSSIA TO PREV5T ! =MATION ( ! ,SOVIETS ( ,*9A4 ,!Y MADE HI/ORY BO? REPEAT & P>ODY ITSELF2 = !Y PLAY$ EXACTLY ! SAME P>T DUR+ ! ,*9ESE /RUGGLE AS !Y HAD PLAY$ 9 ! ,BOL%EVIK DISCUSSIONS FROM ,APRIL TO ,MAY #a#i#a#g1 :5 !Y OBJECT$ TO ! V]Y 9SURRECTION ?AT MADE POSSIBLE F9ALLY ,/AL9'S RISE TO P[]4 ,!Y TRANSLAT$ ,M5%EVISM 9TO ! LANGUAGE ( ,*9ESE POLITICS4 ,NAPOLEON ,I,I,I1 AS ,M>X SAID1 WAS ! NEPHEW BURLESQU+ ! UNCLE & HIS C\P D'ETAT WAS HI/ORY REPEAT+ ITSELF 2 ONCE A TRAG$Y1 & !N A F>CE4 ,/AL9 & ,BU*>9 PRES5T$ ! F>CE FIR/ & ! TRAG$Y AFT]W>DS4 ,NAPOLEON ,I,I,I HAD ABDICAT$ BE=E ! ,COMMUNE2 BUT ! ,RUSSIAN 0,NAPOLEON ,! ,LITTLE'S0 S\<T PRE/IGE FROM ! CAPITALI/ BUT*]Y1 :IL/ CLAIM+ TO BE ! ,COMMUN>DS P]PETUAT+ ! ,COMMUNE4 

,SUN ,YAT ,S5 FL\RI%$ #ahff TO #a#i#b#e4 ,HE WAS ! FA!R ( ! ,*9ESE ,NATIONALI/ MOVEM5T & F\ND$ ! ,K\ ,M9 ,TANG4 ,9 #a#i#a#a1 HE BECAME ,PROVISIONAL ,PRESID5T ( ! ,*9ESE ,REPUBLIC & WAS HEAD ( ! ,CANTON ,NATIONALI/ ,GOV]NM5T UNTIL HIS DEA?4 

,K\ ,M9 ,TANG MEANS1 LIT]ALLY1 ! ,PEOPLE'S ,P>TY4 ,IT WAS F\ND$ & ORGANIZ$ UND] ?AT NAME BY ,SUN ,YAT ,S5 9 #a#i#a#a-#a#b4 ,IT HAD A PETTY B\RGEOIS1 NATIONALI/1 SEMI-,SOCIALI/1 & V]Y SEMI-,SOCIALI/ F\NDATION4 ,UND] ,SUN ,YAT ,S5 ITS PLAT=M CONSI/$ ( ?REE PLANKS 3 ,NATIONALISM1 ,DEMOCRACY1 & ,SOCIALISM4 ,ITS SUCCESSORS =GOT ! SECOND & ?IRD PLANKS & DEF9$ ! FIR/ AS ,IMP]IALISM1 ,MILIT>ISM1 & ,P[]4 ,! ,COMMUNI/S 5T]$ ! ,K\ ,M9 ,TANG 9 #a#i#b#b1 :5 IT WAS REORGANIZ$1 & ADMITT$ 9TO ! ,COMMUNI/ ,9T]NATIONAL AS A SYMPA!TIC P>TY4 

,AS E>LY AS #a#i#b#c1 ,TROTSKY WAS OPPOS$ RESOLUTELY TO ! RIS+ ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY ( ,*9A JO9+ ! ,K\ ,M9 ,TANG1 & HE WAS AGA9/ ! ACCEPTANCE ( ! ,K\ ,M9 ,TANG 9TO ! ,COM9T]N4 ,RADEK & ,Z9OVIEV OPPOS$ HIM 9 ?IS ATTITUDE & ,RAKOVSKY WAS 9 ,P>IS & UNACQUA9T$ ) ! FACTS & 9CAPABLE ( EX]CIS+ ANY 9FLU5CE4 ,9 #a#i#b#e1 ,TROTSKY AGA9 PROPOS$ =MALLY ?AT ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY LEAVE ! ,K\ ,M9 ,TANG4 ,?IS WAS REJECT$ UNANIM\SLY BY ! O!R MEMB]S ( ! ,POLITICAL ,BUREAU4 ,UP TO #a#i#b#f1 ,TROTSKY VOT$ 9DEP5D5TLY & AGA9/ ALL O!RS 9 ! ,POLITICAL ,BUREAU ON ?IS QUE/ION4 ,DUR+ ?IS YE> & #a#i#b#g1 HE HAD UN9T]RUPT$ CONFLICTS ) ,Z9OVIEV & HIS SUPPORT]S ON ! MATT]2 BUT 9 ,APRIL #aibg ,Z9OVIEV EMBRAC$ ! ,OPPOSITION VIEWPO9T1 & PRES5T$ HIS !SIS ON ! ,*9ESE ,REVOLUTION TO ! ,POLITICAL ,BUREAU ( ! ,C5TRAL ,COMMITTEE ( ! ,C4,P4,S4,U4 ON ! #a#e? ( ?AT MON?4 ,BY WAY ( REW>D1 HE WAS REMOV$ FROM HIS POSITION 9 ! ,COMMUNI/ ,9T]NATIONAL & ! P>TY'S ,POLITICAL ,BUREAU & EXPELL$ FROM ! P>TY4 ,HE CAPITULAT$ & WAS GIV5 A M9OR ADM9I/RATIVE PO/4 ,OBVI\SLY1 ! ,*9ESE QUE/ION1 I4E41 ! SUPPORT ( ! ,K\ M9 ,TANG1 WAS ! ACID TE/ ( ,BOL%EVISM AT ?IS TIME4 

,! ,AM]ICAN ,DAILY ,WORK]1 9 ITS ISSUE = ,APRIL #b#c1 #a#i#b#e1 PUBLI%$ ! DEA?-B$ MESSAGE ( ,SUN ,YAT ,S51 UND] ! HEAD+3 

0,S,U,N ,Y,A,T,S,5 ,9 ,L,A,/ ,M,E,S,S,A,G,E ,G,R,E,E,T,$ ,S,O,V,I,E,T40 

0 ,L,5,9 ,%,[,$ ,! ,W,A,Y ,T,O ,F,R,E,$,O,M40 

,! COMMUNICATION WAS DAT$ ,PEK91 ,APRIL #b#b1 & /AT$ ?AT1 0 FEEL+ ! APPROA* ( HIS DEA?1 ,DR4 ,SUN ,YAT ,S5 CALL$ ! MEMB]S ( ! ,C5TRAL ,COMMITTEE ( ! ,K\ ,M9 ,TANG0 TOGE!R & HAD A 0 MESSAGE DRAFT$ TO ! ,C5TRAL ,EXECUTIVE ( ! ,U4,S4,S4,R410 :I* HE SIGN$ ) HIS [N H&4 ,?IS MESSAGE PROV$ ?AT ,SUN ,YAT ,S5'S \TLOOK WAS SIMIL> TO ?AT ( ,MAZZ9I4 ,LIKE ,MAZZ9I HE EXP\ND$ S9C]E S5TIM5TS1 BUT !IR V]Y S9C]ITY CONDEMN$ HIS UND]/&+ & REVEAL$ HIS IDEALI/IC 9ABILITY TO VISUALIZE ! SOCIAL CONFLICT4 ,SUN ,YAT ,S5 SIMPLY DID NOT REALIZE ! MEAN+ ( ,SOCIALISM & POSSESS$ NO GRASP ( ! ,CLASS ,/RUGGLE4 ,HE IS NOT TO BE CONDEMN$ = HIS FAILURE TO UND]/& ! REAL ISSUE & HE MAY BE WOR?Y ( PRAISE = HIS ALLEGIANCE TO PR9CIPLES ?AT TOOK HIM 9TO EXILE & MADE HIM ! SUBJECT ( POSSIBLE ASSASS9ATION = MANY YE>S4 ,! L(T9ESS ( HIS IDEALISM DID NOT MAKE HIM ! PROPAG&I/ ( ! POOR & IT WAS ABSURD = ANY ADVOCATE ( PROLET>IAN EMANCIPATION TO PLACE HIS FAI? 9 ,SUN ,YAT ,S5'S PROGRAM4 ,IT IS NOT ,S5 ?AT %\LD BE CONDEMN$ = 5T]TA9+ & PROCLAIM+ HIS IDEAS BUT ! ,COM9T]N = DEEM+ HIM AN ALLY4 ,?AT GE/URE ( WELCOME TO ! ,*9ESE LEAD] E/ABLI%$ ! FUTILITY & IMPOT5CE ( ! ,RUSSIAN LEAD]S4 ,BUT ,S5 WAS SUCCE$$ BY LEAD]S :O W]E UNWOR?Y ( BE+ RANK$ ) HIM = IDEALISM4 ,) HIM !Y PROCE$$ FROM ! /&PO9T ?AT ,*9A WAS A SEMI-COLONIAL C\NTRY1 SUBJECT$ TO ! YOKE ( AN ALI5 IMP]IALISM4 ,!Y PLAY$ !IR P>T 9 ! /RUGGLE NOT AS PROPHETS BUT AS ADV5TUR]S4 ,TO HONOR !SE SUCCESSORS ( ! F\ND] ( ! ,K\ ,M9 ,TANG WAS TO ID5TIFY ! ,COM9T]N ) A PROGRAM ( ACTION ?AT WAS A LONG WAY REMOV$ EV5 FROM ! IDEALS ( ,SUN ,YAT ,S54 ,! COMPROMISE WAS NOT ONLY FATAL1 BUT IT REPRES5T$ A MORTAL DEG5]ACY4 

,! TEXT ( ,SUN ,YAT ,S5'S MESSAGE WAS AS FOLL[S 3 

0 ,MY ,DE> ,COMRADES3 

,AS ,I LIE H]E1 ) A MALADY ?AT IS BEYOND M5'S SKILL MY ?\<TS TURN TO Y\ & TO ! FUTURE ( MY P>TY & MY C\NTRY4 

,Y\ >E ! HEAD ( A UNION ( FREE REPUBLICS :I* IS ! REAL H]ITAGE ?AT ! IMMORTAL ,L59 HAS LEFT TO ! WORLD ( ! OPPRESS$ PEOPLES4 ,?R\< ?IS H]ITAGE1 ! VICTIMS ( IMP]IALISM >E DE/9$ TO SECURE !IR FRE$OM & DELIV]ANCE FROM AN 9T]NATIONAL SY/EM :OSE F\NDATIONS LIE 9 ANCI5T SLAV]IES & W>S & 9JU/ICES4 

,I AM LEAV+ BEH9D ME A P>TY :I* ,I HOP$ W\LD BE ASSOCIAT$ ) Y\ 9 ! HI/ORIC WORK ( COMPLETELY LIB]AT+ ,*9A & O!R EXPLOIT$ C\NTRIES FROM ?IS IMP]IALI/ SY/EM4 ,FATE DECREES ?AT ,I MU/ LEAVE ! TASK UNF9I%$ & PASS IT ON TO ?OSE :O1 BY REMA9+ TRUE TO ! PR9CIPLES & TEA*+S ( ! P>TY1 WILL CON/ITUTE MY REAL FOLL[]S4 

,I HAVE1 !RE=E1 5JO9$ ! ,KUOM9TANG TO C>RY ON ! WORK ( ! NATIONAL REVOLUTION>Y MOVEM5T 9 ORD] ?AT ,*9A MAY BE FRE$ FROM ! SEMI-COLONIAL /ATUS :I* IMP]IALISM HAS IMPOS$ UPON H]4 ,TO ?IS 5D ,I HAVE *>G$ ! P>TY TO KEEP 9 CON/ANT T\* ) Y\1 & ,I LOOK ) CONFID5CE TO ! CONT9UANCE ( ! SUPPORT ?AT Y\R GOV]NM5T HAS H]ET(ORE EXT5D$ TO MY C\NTRY4 

,9 BIDD+ F>EWELL TO Y\1 DE> COMRADES1 ,I WI% TO EXPRESS ! F]V5T HOPE ?AT ! DAY MAY SOON DAWN :5 ! ,UNION ( ,SOVIET ,SOCIALI/ ,REPUBLICS WILL GREET1 AS A FRI5D & ALLY1 A /RONG & 9DEP5D5T ,*9A & ! TWO ALLIES MAY TOGE!R ADVANCE TO VICTORY 9 ! GREAT /RUGGLE = ! LIB]ATION ( ! OPPRESS$ PEOPLES ( ! WORLD4 

,) FRAT]NAL GREET+S1 

7,SIGN$7 ,SUN ,YAT ,S540 

,IF ,L59 %[$ ! WAY TO FRE$OM 9 ! S5SE ?AT ,SUN ,YAT ,S5 UND]/OOD1 IT MU/ BE CLE> ?AT ,L59ISM WAS A DEP>TURE FROM ,M>XISM & C]TA9LY ! ANTI!SIS ( ! PROLET>IAN REVOLUTION4 ,! ,COM9T]N WAS PLEAS$ AT ,S5'S TRIBUTE & WAS QUITE WILL+ TO DES]VE IT BY :OLESALE DEP>TURE FROM ! PR9CIPLES ( PROLET>IAN /RUGGLE4 ,IT ACCEPT$ ! P>TY ( ,SUN ,YAT ,S5 & DECL>$ ?AT IT WAS ! EMBODIM5T ( ! BLOC ( F\R CLASSES 9 ! ,*9ESE NATION2 ! WORK]S1 ! PEASANTS1 ! PETTY B\RGEOISIE1 & ! B\RGEOISIE ITSELF4 ,/AL9 DECL>$ ?AT ! ALI5 OPPRESSION WAS FELT BY ALL CLASSES 9 ! ,*9ESE NATION ) EQUAL SEV]ITY1 & ?AT ! ,*9ESE B\RGEOISIE MU/ BE SUPPORT$ BY ! MASSES ( WORK]S & PEASANTS 9 ! REVOLT & W> AGA9/ =EIGN ,IMP]IALISM4 ,?IS REVOLT NECESSITAT$ A REVOLUTION>Y ANTI-,IMP]IALI/ ,UNIT$ ,FRONT C5T]$ >\ND ! ,K\ ,M9 ,TANG4 ,! ,*9ESE ,COMMUNI/S W]E ORD]$ TO ACCEPT ! DECISIONS ( ! ,NATIONALI/ ,GOV]NM5T :I* E/ABLI%$ COMPULSORY >BITRATION1 & !Y W]E W>N$ BY ,MOSC[ NOT TO ORGANIZE ,SOVIETS BECAUSE ?AT W\LD M5ACE ! 0 REVOLUTION>Y C5T] 0 9 ,*9A4 

,?IS ,MOSC[ POLICY L$ DIRECTLY TO ! MASSACRE ( ! VANGU>D ( ! ,*9ESE PROLET>IAT & ! DE/RUCTION ( ! ,*9ESE ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY4 ,! P>TY WAS P]MITT$ TO POSSESS NO 9DEP5D5T CLASS \TLOOK4 ,IT WAS D5I$ ! RI<T TO CRITICIZE & IT ISSU$ A JO9T MANIFE/O ) ! ,K\ ,M9 ,TANG 9 :I* IT WAS ANN\NC$ ?AT ! DIFF]5CE BETWE5 ! TWO SECTIONS WAS ONLY 0 9 SOME DETAILS40 ,*IANG ,KAI ,%EK CONQU]$ L>GE SECTIONS ( T]RITORY ) ! AID ( ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY & ITS GULLIBLE PROLET>IAN FOLL[]S4 ,:]EV] HE TRIUMPH$1 ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY & ! ,TRADE ,UNIONS REMA9$ ILLEGAL4 ,UND] HIS FLAG ! RI* PEASANTS CONT9U$ TO [N ! L& & ! ,*9ESE ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY CONT9U$ TO RE/RA9 ! WORK]S FROM PROTE/ :IL/ IT URG$ ! POOR PEASANTS NOT TO RISE 9 REVOLT4 ,MOSC[ HAD WILL$ ?AT ! FUNCTION ( ! ,*9ESE ,P>TY WAS TO BETRAY ! PROLET>IAN & PEASANT MASSES & TO REMA9 IMPOT5T 9 ! REAL REVOLUTION>Y /RUGGLE4 ,9 OPPOSITION TO ,/AL9'S ATTITUDE1 ! ,TROTSKYI/ ,OPPOSITION DECL>$ ?AT ! ,NATIONALI/ >MIES W]E NOT ! >MIES ( PROLET>IAN REVOLUTION & ?AT ! ,K\ ,M9 ,TANG WAS NOT ! P>TY ( ! PROLET>IAT4 

,AID$ & ABETT$ BY ,/AL9 & ! ,*9ESE ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY1 ,*IANG ,KAI ,%EK & ! ,K\ ,M9 ,TANG EXECUT$ OV] ONE HUNDR$ ?\S& ,*9ESE ,COMMUNI/S 9 #a#i#b#g-#b#h4 ,ONLY A %ORT TIME BE=E !SE MASSACRES COMM5C$1 ,/AL9 HAD S5T ,*IANG ,KAI ,%EK HIS PICTURE ) AN EXPRESSION ( REG>DS & SOLID>ITY4 ,! 9K WAS H>DLY DRY ON ! REPORT ( ,/AL9'S ,MOSC[ ,SPEE* PRAIS+ ,*IANG ,KAI ,%EK AS A REVOLUTION>Y FI<T]1 :5 ! LATT] WIP$ \T ! V]Y FL[] ( ! ,*9ESE ,REVOLUTION4 ,! CATA/ROPHE ?AT OV] TOOK ! ,*9ESE ,REVOLUTION 9 #aibg WAS DUE TO ! POLICY ( ! ,COMMUNI/ ,9T]NATIONAL4 ,AS ! ,K\ ,MI9 ,TANG SWEPT NOR?W>DS & BECAME MORE & MORE P[]FUL1 ! ,*IANG ,KAI ,%EKS F\ND IT MORE & MORE NECESS>Y TO TURN !IR GUNS AGA9/ ! POOR WORK]S & PEASANTS :O W]E =M+ !IR [N ORGANIZATIONS & ?R[+ UP ,SOVIETS4 ,! ,K\ ,M9 ,TANG WAS NOT ABLE TO MAKE ITS REAL GE/URE AGA9/ ! POOR UNTIL IT WON ,%AN<AI4 ,P]SUAD$ BY ! ,COMMUNI/S ?AT ! ,K\ ,M9 ,TANG WAS ! P>TY ( ! WORK]S1 ! WORK]S ( ,%AN<AI DECL>$ A G5]AL /RIKE 9 ,APRIL #a#i#b#g1 OV]?REW ! REACTION>IES & E/ABLI%$ A ,SOCIALI/ ,PEOPLE'S ,GOV]NM5T4 ,! ,COMMUNI/S W]E REPRES5T$ 9 ?IS GOV]NM5T & URG$ ?AT WORD BE S5T TO ,*IANG ,KAI ,%EK ?AT IT WAS N[ SAFE = HIM TO 5T] ! CITY4 ,HE TOOK POSSESSION ( ! CITY1 ABOLI%$ ! GOV]NM5T & !N PROCE$$ TO SLAU<T] ?\S&S ( ,COMMUNI/S & WORK]S4 ,! PEOPLE RECOIL$ 9 HORROR FROM ! ,K\ ,M9 ,TANG ( ,*IANG ,KAI ,%EK1 BUT ! ,COMMUNI/ ,9T]NATIONAL APPEAL$ TO !M NOT TO LOSE FAI? 9 ! ,K\ ,M9 ,TANG BUT TO SUPPORT ! ,K\ ,M9 ,TANG ( ! LEFT AS OPPOS$ TO ! ,K\ ,M9 ,TANG ( ! RI<T4 ,! ,*9ESE WORK]S W]E TOLD TO PUT !IR FAI? 9 ! ,*RI/IAN ,G5]AL1 ,F5G1 & 9 ! ,K\ ,M9 ,TANG LEFT-W+ LEAD]1 ,WANG ,*9 ,WE94 ,A MON? LAT] !SE G5]ALS HAD PLAY$ ! SAME GAME AS ,*IANG ,KAI ,%EK1 & FUR!R MASSACRES ( ,COMMUNI/S & WORK]S W]E REPORT$ FROM ,NANK+ & ,HANK[4 ,! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY ( ,*9A WAS NOT M]ELY BEHEAD$4 ,IT WAS LIT]ALLY DISEMB[L$4 

,:5 ,*IANG ,KAI ,/ICK 5T]$ ,%AN<AI TO CONSECRATE 9 PROLET>IAN BLOOD ! VICTORY ( ! C\NT]-REVOLUTION1 ! ,FR5* ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY TELEGRAPH$ ITS CONGRATULATIONS ON ! =MATION ( ! 0 ,%AN<AI ,COMMUNE40 ,AFT] ! MASSACRE1 ! ,/AL9I/S LAUD$ ! B\RGEOIS G5]ALS1 ,F5G ,YU-HSIANG & ,WANG ,*9 ,WE9 9 ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY PRESS ( ! WORLD AS 0 \R [N40 ,IT WAS NOT = NO?+ ?AT AT A LAT] DATE ! SAME ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY PRESS CONDUCT$ AN 9FAM\S CAMPAIGN ( SL&] AGA9/ ! SOLIT>Y ,DUT*MAN H]O ( ! ,REI*/AG TRIAL1 ,VAN ,D] ,LUBBE4 ,TO BE CONDEMN$ BY SU* HIREL+S IS TO BE IMMORTALIZ$4 

,D[N TO ,AUGU/ #a#i#b#g1 ,TROTSKY'S DEM& = AN 9DEP5D5T ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY 9 ,*9A WAS D5\NC$ BY ,/AL9 & ,BU*>94 ,! OPPOSITION ADOPT$ ! SAME ATTITUDE T[>DS ! ,WUHAN GOV]NM5T :I* WAS E/ABLI%$ BY ! SO-CALL$ ,LEFTS AS IT HAD ADOPT$ T[>DS ,*IANG ,KAI ,%EK4 ,BUT ! ,/AL9I/S D5\NC$ ! CALL ( ! ,TROTSKY FACTION TO ! ,*9ESE PROLET>IAT & PEASANTS1 TO CONT9UE !IR 9/9CTIVE FI<T = ,SOVIETS4 ,AT LA/ ! ,COMMUNI/ ,9T]NATIONAL *ANG$ ITS C\RSE & TRI$ DESP]ATELY TO SAVE ! SITUATION BY COMM&+ ! ,*9ESE ,P>TY TO PREP>E = AN >M$ UPRIS+4 ,?IS UPRIS+ ACTUALLY OCCURR$ 9 ,DECEMB] #a#i#b#g1 9 ,CANTON1 & ,SOVIETS W]E ORGANIZ$ HA/ILY & MY/]I\SLY FROM ABOVE4 ,! MASSES ACTUALLY PLAY$ NO P>T 9 !SE ,SOVIETS1 :I* W]E =M$ >TIFICIALLY LONG AFT] ! REVOLUTION HAD BE5 BETRAY$4 ,! ,/AL9I/ ORGANIZ]S UND]/OOD REVOLUTION SO LITTLE ?AT !Y DID NOT REALIZE ?AT ,SOVIETS1 TO BE ,SOVIETS1 MU/ RISE SPONTANE\SLY ) ! SURG+ =W>D ( ! REVOLUTION>Y MOVEM5T ITSELF4 ,ALL ?AT RESULT$ FROM ! DESP]ATE APPEAL ( ! ,COM9T]N TO ! ,COMMUNI/S ( ,*9A WAS A MASSACRE ( ! WORK]S 9 ,CANTON ?AT CRU%$ ! LA/ REMNANTS ( ! REVOLUTION4 

,! ACTIVITY ( ! ,COMMUNI/ ,9T]NATIONAL 9 ,*9A 9 #aibg WAS F> WORSE ?AN ! CONDUCT ( ! ,M5%EVIKS DUR+ ! #aie ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION4 ,! ,M5%EVIKS NEV] OPPOS$ ! /RIKES ( WORKM5 OR ! =MATION ( ,SOVIETS4 ,!Y NEV] OPPOS$ ! =MATION ( REVOLUTION>Y GR\P+ ( ! WORK]S1 9DEP5D5T ( & CRITICAL ( ! CAPITALI/ CLASS P>TIES1 & !Y NEV] >GU$ ?AT ! REVOLUTION WAS A DEMOCRATIC REVOLUTION AGA9/ ,CZ>ISM1 & ?AT !RE=E !RE MU/ BE A BLOC ( F\R CLASSES4 ,!Y NEV] ADVIS$ ! WORK]S NOT TO BUILD UP !IR [N PRESS1 & !Y NEV] PRET5D$ ?AT WORK]S C\LD TAKE P[] ?R\< ANY O!R ?AN ! ,M>XI/ P>TY4 ,IT MAY BE ?AT :AT ! ,M5%EVIKS T]M ! ,M>XI/ ,P>TY WAS NOT ! P>TY ( G5U9E PROLET>IAN /R5G?1 BUT AT LEA/ ! IDEA WAS ?AT !RE WAS A SOCIAL W>1 & ?AT ! PROLET>IAT MU/ ?R[ UP ITS [N POLITICAL ORGANIZATION4 ,COMP>E ?IS ATTITUDE ) ?AT ( ! ,COMMUNI/ ,9T]NATIONAL 9 ,*9A TW5TY-TWO YE>S LAT]1 & !N ATTEMPT TO GAUGE TO :AT DEP?S ! DEG5]ATION ( ,BOL%EVISM HAS SUNK4 

,! EXPLANATION ( ?IS DEG5]ATION IS TO BE F\ND 9 ! 9T]E/ AS WELL AS ! IGNORANCE ( ! ,/AL9 BUREAUCRACY4 ,! /RATEGY ( PROLET>IAN /RUGGLE 9 ,*9A AS 9 ,RUSSIA1 WAS TO HAVE ! REVOLUTION BEG9 AS A DEMOCRATIC REVOLUTION1 & TO LET IT 5D UP AS A SOCIALI/ ONE4 ,?IS WAS ! !ORY ( ,M>X1 & AL?\< IT MAY NOT BE 9 ACCORDANCE ) ! ,N,E,P POLICY ( ,L591 AT LEA/ HE DID NOT D5Y ?AT IT WAS HIS PURPOSE4 ,L59 DECL>$ ?AT ONLY ! PROLET>IAT C\LD LEAD ! /RUGGLE = DEMOCRACY TO VICTORY1 ONLY ! PROLET>IAT C\LD LEAD ! COLONIAL /RUGGLE = 9DEP5D5CE1 & ONLY ?R\< ,SOVIETISM C\LD FRE$OM BE E/ABLI%$4 ,L59'S CONCEPTION ( ! FUNCTION ( ! ,SOVIETS AS ORGANS ( PO/ REVOLUTION>Y 9DU/RIAL ADM9I/RATION MAY HAVE BE5 HAZY & UNS\ND4 ,SOCIAL ADM9I/RATION IS ! TRUE PURPOSE ( ! ,SOVIETS1 BUT ,L59 ]R$ 9 REG>D+ ! ,SOVIETS M]ELY AS ORGANS ( 9SURRECTION & CIVIL W>1 :I* !Y >E1 & NOT AS ORGANS ( ADM9I/RATION1 :I* IS !IR F9AL & HI<] FUNCTION IF DEMOCRACY IS TO BE E/ABLI%$4 ,! ,SOVIETS >E ! EXPRESSION ( DEMOCRACY VICTORI\S AS WELL AS ! 9/RUM5TS ( A*IEV+ DEMOCRACY4 ,TO RECOGNIZE ?IS FACT IS TO LIQUIDATE ! POLITICAL P>TY 9 ! C\RSE ( ! /RUGGLE1 & TO CONCEIVE ( ! P>TY AS BE+ SUBSIDI>Y TO ! WORK+ CLASS4 ,L59 LACK$ ! ABILITY TO REALIZE ?IS SIMPLE TRU?1 & TO HIM ! P>TY WAS MORE IMPORTANT ?AN ! WORK]S4 ,! *UR* WAS ABOVE ! CONGREGATION & ! PRIE/ WAS GREAT] ?AN ,GOD4 ,L59ISM L$ TO ,/AL9ISM1 BUT IT DID NOT 9VOLVE ?AT T]RIBLE AB&ONM5T ( PR9CIPLES ?AT *>ACT]IZ$ ! CONDUCT ( ! ,RUSSIAN LEAD]S 9 !IR ATTITUDE T[>DS ! ,*9ESE ,REVOLUTION4 ,?AT DEG5]ACY CAME FROM ! FACT ?AT ! ,RUSSIAN LEAD]S HAD AB&ON$ ! WORLD REVOLUTION1 & ?AT ! ,COMMUNI/ ,9T]NATIONAL WAS ORGANIZ$1 NOT TO ADVANCE1 BUT TO >RE/1 ! CLASS /RUGGLE4 

,IF ! ,*9ESE WORK]S HAD OV]?R[N ! ,K\ ,M9 ,TANG & DE/ROY$ ,*IANG ,KAI ,%EK & ! O!R ADV5TUR]S :OM ,/AL9 DESCRIB$ AS ,R$ ,G5]ALS1 A REAL W> AGA9/ ,WE/]N CAPITALISM W\LD HAVE COMM5C$4 ,! ,RUSSIAN WORK]S W\LD HAVE BE5 CALL$ UPON TO HAVE UNIT$ !MSELVES ) ! ,*9ESE WORK]S2 ! ,RUSSIAN ,R$ ,FLAG W\LD HAVE BECOME ! REAL ,R$ ,FLAG 2 ! ,COMMUNI/ ,9T]NATIONAL W\LD HAVE BECOME A G5U9E PROLET>IAN 9T]NATIONAL2 & ,MOSC[ W\LD AT LA/ HAVE BECOME ,R$ ,MOSC[4 

,! BUREAUCRATS1 EAG] = DIPLOMATIC HONORS & =EIGN TREATIES1 DID NOT WANT ANY?+ SO REAL TO TAKE PLACE 9 ! ,EA/4 ,!Y ONLY WANT$ 0 ,SOCIALISM 9 ,ONE ,C\NTRY40 ,!Y WANT$ RECOGNITION1 PEACE1 & P[]4 ,!IR MOTTO WAS 3 0 ,WE HAVE \RS2 :Y %\LD WE WORRY40 ,!Y AB&ON$ ! ,*9ESE PROLET>IAT AS !Y AB&ON$ ! ,BRITI% PROLET>IAT 9 #a#i#b#f1 & ! ,G]MAN PROLET>IAT 9 #a#i#b#c1 & AS !Y W]E TO AB&ON ! ,G]MAN PROLET>IAT 9 #a#i#c#c4 ,!Y AB&ON$ PROLET>IAN ,9T]NATIONALISM = A YELL[ OPPORTUNI/ NATIONALISM1 :IL/ PRET5D+ TO BE ! DICTATORS ( COMMUNI/ ?\<T1 ACTION & /RUGGLE4 

O ,*APT] #g 3 ,PLANN$ ,ECONOMY 

,! /RUGGLE ( ! ,TROTSKYI/ ,OPPOSITION = PLANN$ ECONOMY LA/$ FROM #aibc TO #a#i#b#h4 ,PLAN WAS 9TRODUC$ 9TO ,SOVIET ECONOMY 9 ,JULY #a#i#b4 ,! 5TIRE RAILROAD SY/EM WAS A WRECK1 & ,TROTSKY WAS GIV5 ! JOB ( RE/OR+ TRANSPORTATION4 ,HIS FAM\S 0 ,ORD] ,NO4 #adb 0 WAS ! FIR/ ( A S]IES ( SY/EMATIC DECREES 9/RUCT+ MEASURES :I* EVOLV$ ORD] & REGUL>ITY \T ( COLLAPSE & *AOS4 ,L59 DESCRIB$ ,TROTSKY'S MEASURES AS EXAMPLES ( :AT HAD TO BE DONE 9 O!R BRAN*ES ( 9DU/RY4 ,TROTSKY REPORT$ TO ! #h? ,CONGRESS ( ! ,SOVIETS & ) ,EM%ANOV PREP>$ A !SIS ON ! NE$ = A PLAN 9 ECONOMY4 ,?IS !SIS WAS DEF5D$ BY ,L594 ,BY #aibc ,L59 HAD )DRAWN FROM ! P>TY C\NCIL & ,TROTSKY /OOD ALONE 9 ! ,EXECUTIVE ,C\NCIL ( ! P>T Y 9 DEF5SE ( PLANN$ ECONOMY4 ,HE 9SI/$ ?AT ! ONLY MAT]IAL F\NDATION = ,SOCIALISM 9 ,RUSSIA WAS ! DEVELOPM5T ( L>GE MA*9E 9DU/RY1 P>TICUL>LY 9 ! REALM ( AGRICULTURE1 & URG$ ?AT SU* DEVELOPM5T WAS IMP]ATIVE 9 VIEW ( ! RET>DATION ( ! 9T]NATIONAL REVOLUTION & ! M5ACE ( ! PETTY B\RGEOIS /RATA ( ! VILLAGE POPULATION4 ,! REPLY ( ! BUREAUCRACY WAS TO LAUN* A FURI\S ATTACK UPON HIM4 ,?IS ATTACK WAS ! BEG9N+ ( ! /RUGGLE = :AT AFT]W>DS BECAME KN[N AS ! ,FIVE ,YE> ,PLAN4 

,! ,/AL9I/S URG$ ?AT ! PLANN$ ECONOMY PROPOS$ BY ,TROTSKY WAS TOO EXTREME & ?AT IT M5AC$ ! BUILD+ ( ,SOCIALISM 9 ,RUSSIA4 ,IT IS OBVI\S ?AT !SE OBJECTIONS W]E CONTRADICTORY4 ,RYKOV REPORT$ TO ! #e? ,CONGRESS ( ! ,COM9T]N ?AT ,TROTSKY'S PROPOSALS W]E A PETTY B\RGEOIS DEVIATION FROM ,L59ISM & ?AT ! ,RUSSIAN P>TY LEAD]%IP WAS DO+ ALL ?AT C\LD BE EXPECT$ ( IT 9 ! FIELD ( 9DU/RY & AGRICULTURE4 ,/AL9 SNE]$ ?AT IT WAS NOT A PLAN ?AT ! PEASANT NE$$ BUT A GOOD RA9 = HIS CROPS4 ,TROTSKY'S 9SI/5CE ON ! DANG] ( ! RIS+ ,KULAKS WAS D]ID$4 

,AT ?IS TIME ! ,KULAK WAS BECOM+ ! DOM9ANT FIGURE 9 ! C\NTRYSIDE & WAS P]MEAT+ ! P>TY ) HIS IDEOLOGY4 ,! ,L5+RAD PROLET>IAT BECAME AL>M$ AT ! 9ROADS MADE BY HIM & HIS URBAN ASSOCIATES1 ! ,NEPM54 ,! ,/AL9-,BU*>9 LEAD]%IP ID5TIFI$ ITSELF ) ! ,KULAK AGA9/ ! PROLET>IAT & SO ! ,L5+RAD PROLET>IAT F9ALLY COMPELL$ ,Z9OVIEV1 :O HAD FA!R$ ! CAMPAIGN AGA9/ ,TROTSKYISM1 TO MAKE A BLOC ) ! #aibc OPPOSITION4 

,KAL99 D5\NC$ ! POOR PEASANTS AS 0 LAZY-GOOD-=-NO?+S 0 BECAUSE !Y DID NOT ACCUMULATE4 ,! FACT ?AT ! ,PRESID5T ( ! ,SOVIET ,REPUBLIC C\LD ADVANCE ! !ORY ( PRIVATE ACCUMULATION AS OPPOS$ TO PLANN$ ECONOMY ILLU/RATES ! CAPITALI/IC BASIS ( ! ,SOVIET ,UNION4 ,?IS M$IOCRE (FICIAL PRAIS$ ! 9DU/RY ( 0 ! ECONOMICALLY P[]FUL PEASANT10 ! ,KULAK4 ,BU*>9 9 A FAM\S OR 9FAM\S SPEE*1 ACCORD+ TO ! ,SOCIALI/ VIEWPO9T1 ADVIS$ ! WELL-TO-DO-PEASANTS3 0 ,5RI* Y\RSELVES40 ,PRAVDA 9 ,APRIL1 #a#i#b#e1 PRAIS$ ! ,KULAKS = BE+ 0 WELL-TO-DO0 PEASANTS & ADD$ ?AT ! 0 ECONOMIC POSSIBILITIES ( ! ,KULAKS MU/ BE UNFETT]$40 ,CONT9U+ ITS OPPOSILION TO PLANN$ ECONOMY1 ! ,C5TRAL ,EXECUTIVE ,COMMITTEE ( ! ,SOVIETS1 9 #a#i#b#f1 GRANT$ ! VOTE TO ! ,KULAKS1 ?US EXT5D+ POLITICAL RECOGNITION TO ! EXPLOIT+ & ACTUALLY MONEY-L5D+ PEASANTS4 

,9 #a#i#b#e1 ,TROTSKY PUBLI%$ HIS 0,:I!R ,RUSSIA10 9 :I* HE URG$ ?AT ! ,SOVIET ,REPUBLIC %\LD ADOPT AN 9DEP5D5T AGRICULTURAL REPRODUCTION BAS$ ON COLLECTIVE ACCUMULATION4 ,HE DECL>$ ?AT ?IS W\LD %[ A SPE$ ( 9DU/RIAL PROGRESS UNKN[N & IMPOSSIBLE UND] ! PRIVATE ACCUMULATION ( ORD9>Y CAPITALISM4 ,HIS PR$ICTION1 :I* TIME %[$ TO BE A S]I\S UND]E/IMATION ( ! REALITY1 WAS ! SUBJECT = GREAT M]RIM5T AMONG ! ,/AL9I/S4 ,/AL9 MET ! IDEA ) IRONICAL RIDICULE & ,BU*>9 DECL>$ ?AT ALONG ! L9ES ( COLLECTIVE ACCUMULATION ,RUSSIA W\LD BUILD ,SOCIALISM 0 ) ! SPE$ ( ! TORTOISE 0 OR AT A SNAIL'S PACE4 

,! #aibg PLAT=M ( ! OPPOSITION WAS SUPPRESS$4 ,! BUREAUCRACY REFUS$ TO HAVE IT PR9T$1 :I* ONLY %[S H[ ! IDEA ( ! DICTATOR%IP ( ! PROLET>IAT CAN BE US$ TO SUPPRESS ! 5LI<T5M5T ( ! PROLET>IAT4 ,! PLAT=M WAS CIRCULAT$ 9 MIMEOGRAPH$ =M & ITS CIRCULATION WAS MADE A CRIME PUNI%ABLE BY IMPRISONM5T OR EXILE4 ,!RE >E ,BOL%EVIKS 9 ,SIB]IA TO-DAY :O W]E S5T !RE 9 #aibg = HAV+ CIRCULAT$ A PROPOSAL = PLANN$ ECONOMY :I* ,/AL9 WAS COMPELL$ TO ADOPT1 9 A CORRUPT$ & P]V]T$ =M 9 #a#i#b#i4 ,!SE ,BOL%EVIKS JO9$ ! OLD ,BOL%EVIKS :O HAD BE5 P]SECUT$ 9 #aib OR #aibc = DEVELOP+ A DEF9ITE ,ANTI-,P>LIAM5T>IAN PROGRAM2 & !Y MU/ HAVE JO9$ SOME ,AN>*I/S :O HAD BE5 S5T 9TO EXILE = ALLEG$ PEASANT C\NT]-REVOLUTION4 ,H[ ANY PEASANT C\NT]-REVOLUTION C\LD EXCE$ 9 REACTION ! REACTION ( ! POLICY ( ,/AL9ISM IT IS DIFFICULT TO UND]/&4 

,A FIR/ ,FIVE ,YE> ,PLAN WAS ELABORAT$ ON BEHALF ( ! ,/AL9I/S BY ,RYKOV & ,KRZHIZHANOVSKY4 ,IT WAS ! ANSW] TO ! ,OPPOSITION & IT WAS VIRTUALLY ! NEGATION ( ALL IDEA ( PLANN$ ECONOMY4 ,! TIMID WOR?LESS PROPOSAL SUGGE/$ AN ANNUAL GR[? ( #i P] C5T4 = ! FIR/ YE>1 ) A DECREAS+ P]C5TAGE TO #d P] C5T4 = ! LA/ YE> ( ! PLAN4 ,! ,TROTSKYI/ ,OPPOSITION DEM&$ A CATEGORICAL CONDEMNATION ( ?IS PLAN1 & PROPOS$ A #b P] C5T4 ANNUAL GR[?4 ,SIX YE>S LAT] ! BOLD] PROPOSAL PROV$ AN 5TIRELY MOD]ATE FIGURE COMP>$ ) ! REALITY4 

,ANSW]+ ! ,/AL9I/S1 ! ,OPPOSITION PROPOS$ TO RAISE ITS FUNDS BY A =C$ LOAN FROM ! ,KULAKS4 ,!REUPON ! ,/AL9I/S RAIS$ ! HUE & CRY AGA9/ 0 ! C\NT]REVOLUTION>Y ,TROTSKYI/S40 ,/AL91 ,RYKOV1 & ,KUYBIS*EV ISSU$ A SIGN$ MANIFE/O TO ! :OLE ,RUSSIAN PEOPLE1 ANN\NC+ ?AT ! ,OPPOSITION PROPOS$ 0 TO ROB ! PEASANTRY40 ,9 ! CITIES1 ,/AL9 & ,BU*>9 ASSUR$ ! DI/URB$ PROLET>IANS ?AT !RE WAS NO DANG] TO BE FE>$ FROM ! ,KULAKS [+ TO !IR 0 9SIGNIFICANT P]C5TAGE40 ,! NE$ = COLLECTIVIZATION1 OR :AT ,L59 PRET5D$ WAS ,/ATE ,CAPITALISM CONTROLL$ BY A PROLET>IAN /ATE1 WAS M9IMIZ$ TO VANI%+ PO9T4 ,AS LATE AS #a#i#b#h1 ! PR9CIPAL AGR>IAN 0 SPECIALI/ 0 ( ! ,/AL9I/ APP>ATUS1 ,YAKOVLOV1 ! ,COMMIS> = ,AGRICULTURE1 DECL>$ ?AT COLLECTIVE F>M+ W\LD = YE>S TO COME1 0 REMA9 LITTLE ISLETS 9 ! SEA ( PRIVATE PEASANT F>MS40 ,! ,OPPOSITION W]E ALL EXPELL$ AT ! #a#e? ,P>TY ,CONGRESS & ,RYKOV HECTOR$ ! EXPELL$ LEAD]S ) ! QUE/ION 3 0 ,IF ! ,KULAK IS SO /RONG :Y HASN'T HE 4444 8 0 

,RYKOV DID NOT HAVE LONG TO WAIT4 ,A FEW MON?S LAT] ! ,RYKOV-,/AL9 ,FIVE ,YE> ,PLAN WAS REVIS$ COMPLETELY1 ?US JU/IFY+ ! ATTACK UPON ITS 9ADEQUACY4 ,IF1 LAT]1 ! ,RUSSIAN ,FIVE ,YE> ,PLANS REVEAL$ ESS5TIAL1 POSITIVE FEATURES1 ?IS FACT WAS DUE TO ! FIVE YE> UNREMITT+ /RUGGLE ( ! EXPELL$ ,TROTSKYI/ ,OPPOSITION4 ,CONV]T+ ! ,/AL9I/S TO EV5 AN ELEM5T>Y IDEA ( ! NE$ = PLANN$ ECONOMY WAS ITSELF A ,FIVE ,YE> ,PLAN4 

O ,*APT] #h 3 ,! ,RI<T ,W+'S ,FATE 

,! EBB TIDE ( REACTION WAS REA*$ BY ! 5D ( #a#i#b#g4 ,! \TLOOK ( ! 9T]NATIONAL PROLET>IAT WAS TURN+ T[>DS ! ,LEFT4 ,E>LY 9 #aibh ! 0 BLOODLESS ,KULAK UPRIS+ 0 DI/URB$ ! ,RUSSIAN WORK]S & PRESS$ ! P>TY LEAD]%IP T[>DS ! ,LEFT4 ,/AL9 FELT ! TIME HAD COME TO SACRIFICE ! ,RI<T ,W+4 

,HE MADE CAUTI\S ATTACKS UPON OBSCURE REPRES5TATIVES & SO UND]M9$ ! AU?ORITY ( HIS 9T5D$ VICTIM1 BUT HE DID NOT MAKE HIS FRONTAL ATTACK UPON ! ,RI<T ,W+ LEAD]%IP UNTIL #a#i#b#i-#c4 ,HE !N ATTACK$ ,RYKOV1 ,BU*>9 & ,TOMSKY1 & PRES5T$ !SE ?REE LEAD]S TO ! WORK]S AS ! BANN]-BE>]S ( ! CAPITALI/ RE/ORATION4 ,Z9OVIEV'S SUCCESSOR1 ! HEAD ( ! ,COMMUNI/ ,9T]NATIONAL1 ! HEAD ( ! ,SOVIET ,GOV]NM5T1 & ! LEAD] ( ! ,SOVIET ,TRADE ,UNIONS1 ! MAN :O HAD BE5 SO PROM95T 9 ! ,ANGLO-,RUSSIAN ,COMMITTEE1 W]E D5\NC$ BY ,/AL9 AS ! AG5TS ( ! ,!RMIDORIAN C\NT]-REVOLUTION4 

,= SIX YE>S ,/AL9 HAD BE5 9 9DISSOLUBLE ALLIANCE ) ?IS TRIO & !IR 9DICTM5T WAS AN 9DICTM5T ( HIMSELF1 & HIS C5TRI/ FACTION4 ,HE BORR[$ ! >GUM5TS ( ,TROTSKYISM & WAS ACCUS$ 9 REPLY ( BE+ A ,TROTSKYI/4 ,TROTSKY =ETOLD ?IS DEVELOPM5T 9 #a#i#b#f4 

,! 5TIRE #a#e? ,P>TY ,CONGRESS CONDEMN$ ! ,OPPOSITION PANIC-MONG]S4 ,MOLOTOV1 ,/AL9'S 9TIMATE1 IMPATI5TLY DEF5D$ ,RYKOV 9 ,DECEMB]1 #a#i#b#g1 ) ! DECL>ATION ?AT ! ,KULAK WAS NO?+ NEW1 ADD+ 3 0 ,IT EXI/S1 & !RE IS NO NE$ TO SPEAK AB\T IT40 ,A MON? LAT] WITNESS$ ! 0 BLOODLESS UPRIS+40 

,FEEL+ ?AT !Y W]E DEF5D$ BY ,BU*>91 ,/AL91 ,MOLOTOV & ,RYKOV1 ! LEAD]S ( ! ,SOVIET ,GOV]NM5T & ! LEAD]S ( ! ,COM9T]N1 ! ,KULAKS REFUS$ TO TURN OV] !IR HO>D$ /OCKS ( GRA9 UNLESS ! ,SOVIETS YIELD$ TO !IR PRICE DEM&S4 ,!Y PROCLAIM$ A G5]AL /RIKE & DECL>$ !IR 9T5TION ( />V+ ! CITIES1 ! PROLET>IAN C5T]S1 9TO SUBMISSION4 ,! ,SOVIET ,GOV]NM5T !REUPON DET]M9$ TO REQUISITION GRA9 FROM ! VILLAGES BY >M$ =CE4 ,! FRI<T5$ BUREAUCRATS TOOK FLI<T FROM ! RANK OPPORTUNISM ( !IR ,KULAK FLIRTATION TO %E] ADV5TURISM4 ,BU*>91 ,RYKOV & ,TOMSKY HAD TO GO ! WAY ( ,Z9OVIEV1 ,KAM5EV & ,TROTSKY4 

O ,*APT] #i 3 0,GORILLA0 ,ADV5TURISM 

,! ,/AL9I/ P]IOD ( 0 GORILLA 0 ADV5TURISM COMM5CES ) ! #i? ,PL5UM ( ! ,COMMUNI/ ,9T]NATIONAL E>LY 9 #a#i#b#h4 ,IT BAS$ ITS >GUM5TS ON A COMPLETE MISUND]/&+ ( ! IMPORTANCE ( P>LIAM5T>ISM4 ,! VOTE CA/ = ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY 9 ,G]MANY HAD 9CREAS$4 ,SO ALSO HAD ! VOTE CA/ = ! ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRACY4 ,?IS VOT+ WAS 9T]PRET$ AS A FIR/ SIGN ( WORK+ CLASS RESURG5CE4 ,9SPIR$ BY ?IS ILLUSION1 ! #i? ,PL5UM TURN$ ITS EYES T[>DS ,*9A1 & !RE DISCOV]$ ! RISE ( A 0 NEW & HI<] 0 /AGE ( ! ,*9ESE ,REVOLUTION4 ,AT ?IS TIME ,*9A WAS 9 ! ?ROES ( C\NT]-REVOLUTION4 

,UNDI/URB$ BY ! ,*9ESE TRAG$Y & 9CAPABLE ( VISION+ :AT WAS TO HAPP5 9 ,G]MANY1 ! ,PL5UM ANN\NC$ ?R\< ! M$IUM ( ,?AELMANN & O!RS1 ?AT ! WORK+ MASSES ?R\<\T ! WORLD W]E BECOM+ 0 MORE & MORE RADICALIZ$404 ,IT IS TO BE BELIEV$1 & HOP$1 ?AT 9 ! C\RSE ( TIME ?IS /ATEM5T WILL BECOME CORRECT4 ,AS AN OBS]VATION ( :AT WAS OCCURR+ 9 #a#i#b#h1 IT LEFT MU* TO BE DESIR$ 9 ! MATT] ( ACCURACY4 

,! SIX? ,CONGRESS WAS HELD 9 ! MIDDLE ( #a#i#b#h4 ,IT C>RI$ ! ABSURDITIES ( ! #i? ,PL5UM A /EP FUR!R4 ,TROTSKY PRES5T$ TO ?IS ,CONGRESS A W>N+ AGA9/ ! LI<T-M9D$ CONCEPTION ( AN AUTOMATIC HORIZONTAL PROGRESS ( ! REVOLUTION>Y MOVEM5T ?R\<\T ! WORLD4 ,?IS W>N+ WAS NOT P]MITT$ BY ! (FICIAL FACTION TO BE PASS$ ON TO ! ASSEMBL$ DELEGATES4 

,! SIX? ,CONGRESS HAD SEV]AL PO9TS ( SIMIL>ITY ) ! FIF?1 :I* WAS HELD 9 #a#i#b#d1 AFT] ! DEFEAT 9 ,G]MANY4 ,ON ! QUE/IONS ( ! NE>NESS ( REVOLUTION1 ! RELATION ( SOCIAL DEMOCRACY TO ,FASCISM1 ,BOL%EVISATION1 & ! ,RI<T DANG]1 ! #aibh CONGRESS M]ELY P>ODI$ ?AT ( #a#i#b#d4 ,= EXAMPLE1 ! ,G]MAN REVOLUTION HAV+ EXP]I5C$ DEFEAT1 ! #aibd ,CONGRESS DECL>$ ?AT NO DEFEAT HAD OCCURR$1 ?AT ! ,G]MAN REVOLUTION WAS RI<T AHEAD4 ,! ,*9ESE REVOLUTION HAV+ MET ) DISA/]1 ! #aibh ,CONGRESS ACKN[L$G$ NO DEFEAT1 BUT DECL>$ ?AT ! ,*9ESE REVOLUTION WAS RI<T AHEAD4 ,9 #a#i#b#d1 SOCIAL DEMOCRACY WAS DECL>$ TO BE 0 ! MO/ MOD]ATE W+ ( FASCISM10 & 9 #aibh ALL SOCIALI/S & NONCOMMUNI/ P>TY ELEM5TS AMONG ! WORK]S W]E T]M$ 0 ,SOCIAL ,FASCI/S40 ,9 #aibd ! ,CONGRESS CELEBRAT$ ! VICTORY ( 0 ,BOL%EVISATION 0 AT A TIME :5 ! V>I\S 0 ,BOL%EVI/ LEAD]%IPS 0 IMPOS$ ON ! NATIONAL SECTIONS W]E UND]M9$4 ,9 #aibh ! VICTORY ( ! 0 UNIFI$ COMMUNI/ 9T]NATIONAL 0 WAS CELEBRAT$1 :IL/ ! MO/ VIOL5T 9T]NAL /RUGGLES W]E BE+ F\<T BEH9D ! SC5ES1 & ! DE/RUCTION & EXILE ( ! RI<T W+ WAS BE+ PLANN$4 ,9 #a#i#b#d1 ) MU* ULTRA-LEFTI/ PALAV]1 ! FIF? ,CONGRESS MADE A PRET5D$ MOVE TO ! LEFT1 & !N SWUNG COMPLETELY TO ! RI<T1 & 5T]$ ON ! MIS]ABLE OPPORTUNI/ P]IOD ( ! ,ANGLO-,RUSSIAN ,COMMITTEE1 & ! ,*IANG ,KAI ,%EK ALLIANCE1 ! ANTI-,IMP]IALI/ LEAGUE1 ETC4 ,9 #aibh ! SIX? ,CONGRESS 5DORS$ ADV5TURI/ CONCLUSIONS ONLY TO CONSECRATE ! REVISIONI/ !ORY ( 0 ,SOCIALISM 9 ,ONE ,C\NTRY10 ) ! T]RIBLE 9T]NATIONAL CONSEQU5CES ?AT WE HAVE DISCUSS$4 

,! #aibh /RUGGLE AGA9/ ! 0 ,RI<T DANG] 0 WAS A TRIUMPH ( HYPOCRISY4 ,IT WAS LAUN*$ AT ! SIX? ,CONGRESS BY ,BU*>91 ! 9T]NATIONAL RI<T W+ LEAD]1 AFT] HE HAD RESI/$ ! CAMPAIGN AT ! FIFTE5? ,CONGRESS ( ! ,RUSSIAN P>TY4 ,RUMORS ( DISAGREEM5T W]E DISMISS$ AS 0 ,TROTSKYI/ SL&]S 0 BY ! V]Y SPOKESM5 :O W]E CRU%$ ORGANIZATIONALLY IMM$IATELY AFT] ! ,CONGRESS1 & EI!R EXPELL$ \TRI<T OR SAV$ TEMPOR>ILY FROM EXPULSION & EXECUTION BY HURNILIAT+ CAPITULATION4 ,! LEAD]S ( ! SIX? ,CONGRESS1 LIKE ?OSE ( ! FIF?1 MET ) A SPE$Y 5D1 ONCE ! ,CONGRESS HAD CONCLUD$4 

,AT ! SIX? ,CONGRESS1 ,/AL9 MADE A SPECIAL REPORT TO ! ,C\NCIL ( ,ELD]S1 & 9TRODUC$ A RESOLUTION SIGN$ BY HIMSELF1 ,BU*>9 & EV]Y O!R MEMB] ( ! ,POLITICAL ,BUREAU1 DECL>+ ?AT !Y 0MU/ EMPHATICALLY PROTE/ AGA9/ ! CIRCULATIOR ( RUMORS ?AT !RE >E DISS5TIONS AMONG ! MEMB]S ( ! ,POLITICAL ,BUREAU ( ! ,C5TRAL ,COMMITTEE ( ! ,C4,P4,S4,U40 ,! ASSEMBL$ M>IONETTES LI/5$ SOLEMNLY & APPROV$ 5?USIA/ICALLY ( ?IS LUDICR\S DECEPTION4 ,A FEW MON?S LAT]1 ,BU*>91 ! POLITICAL LEAD] ( ! ,CONGRESS1 ! REPORT] ON ! PROGRAM1 ! PRESID5T ( ! ,COM9T]N1 ) ,/AL91 ! CONCOCTOR ( ! ABSURDITY1 WAS D5\NC$ AS ! LEAD] ( ! CAPITALI/ RE/ORATION T5D5CY 9 ! ,SOVIET ,UNION4 ,! RI<T W+ WAS EXPELL$ 9 EV]Y C\NTRY 9 ! WORLD4 ,9 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES ( ,AM]ICA1 ,LOVE/ONE1 ,GITL[ & ,WOLFE W]E EXPELL$ AS AG5TS ( ! ,AM]ICAN B\RGEOISIE4 ,9 ,9DIA1 ! NOTORI\S ,ROY1 :O HAD MADE A LIVELIHOOD D5\NC+ ,TROTSKY AS AN AG5T ( ,*AMB]LA91 WAS EXPELL$ ON ! *>GE ?AT HE WAS AN AG5T ( ,*AMB]LA94 ,! RI<T W+ WAS CUT (F 9 ,SW$51 ,FRANCE & ,CZE*OSLOVAKIA2 & 9 ,G]MANY1 ,BR&L] & ALSO ,EW>T W]E BANI%$ FROM ! ,COM9T]N4 

,TO ANY SANE M9D ! DECL>ATIONS ( ! #i? ,PL5UM1 ) ! COMM5T>Y ( ! EV5TS ( ! MON?S FOLL[+1 W\LD HAVE PROV$ A W>N+ AGA9/ FUR!R ABSURDITIES4 ,! LIMITS ( ,/AL9I/ ABSURDITY W]E NOT REA*$ EV5 :5 ! ,KREML9 C\NT]-REVOLUTION MADE ITS #aici PACT ) ,HITL]1 & ITS #aidb PACTS ) ,*UR*ILL & ,ROOSEVELT4 

,! ,/AL9I/S W]E NOT ONLY UNDISMAY$ BY ! EV5TS ( #a#i#b#h1 BUT !Y DREW POSITIVE 9SPIRATION FROM ALL ?AT HAD HAPP5$4 ,AT ! #a? ,PL5UM1 9 #a#i#b#i1 ,MOLOTOV CELEBRAT$ ! EXPULSION & EXILE ( HIS COLLEAGUES ( ! YE> BE=E BY PROCLAIM+ :AT ! ,/AL9I/S T]M 0 ! ?IRD P]IOD10 OR ! CON/ANTLY 9CREAS+ RADICALIZATION ( ! MASSES1 SIMULTANE\SLY 9 EV]Y C\NTRY4 ,!RE CAN BE NO F\R? P]IOD1 DECL>$ ?IS COMMUNI/ CL[N1 = ! ?IRD P]IOD 5DS ! REVOLUTION4 ,ONE MI<T SUSPECT ! REVOLUTION WAS 5D$1 BUT NOT 9 ! S5SE ?AT ,MOLOTOV MEANT US TO UND]/& HIS WORDS4 ,ACTUALLY1 ,MOLOTOV WAS PREP>+ ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY = ! RISE ( ,HITL]ISM 9 ,G]MANY4 

,LOSOVSKY SUPPORT$ ,MOLOTOV4 ,HE EXPLA9$ ?AT ! 0 HEI<T5$ POLITICAL S5SITIVITY1 ( ! BROAD MASSES IS A *>ACT]I/IC SIGN1 ( ! EVE ( REVOLUTION40 ,MOIREVA1 A MEMB] ( ! ,E4,C4,C4,I41 DECL>$ ?AT ! WORLD SITUATION RECALL$ ! ,RUSSIAN ,JULY DAYS1 ?AT W]E ! PRECURSORS ( ! ,OCTOB] REVOLUTION4 ,FRANCE WAS SAID BY ?IS IMBECILE SPEAK]1 ) ! APPLAUSE ( ! ASSEMBL$ CONGREGATION1 TO BE DE/9$ TO HEAD ! REVOLUTION>Y PROSPECTS ( ?IS ?IRD P]IOD4 ,! D\BLE M5ACE ( ?IS ,FR5* ABSURDITY1 & ( ?IS P]IOD NONS5SE1 WAS TO BE F\ND 9 ! FACT ?AT FROM ! !ORY ( ! ?IRD P]IOD FL[$ ! !ORY ( ,SOCIAL ,FASCISM :I* DIVID$ ! WORK+ CLASS MOVEM5T 9 ,G]MANY DUR+ ! CRITICAL RISE TO P[] ( ,FASCISM2 :IL/ ! FANTA/IC PR$ICTIONS CONC]N+ ,FRANCE CAUS$ ! COMMUNI/ ELEM5TS 9 ,SPA9 TO BE TAK5 :OLLY UNAW>ES BY ! ,SPANI% UPRIS+4 ,?IS PR$ICTION EXPLA9S :Y ! ,COM9T]N HAD NO ,SPANI% POLICY4 ,IT WAS LOOK+ TO ,FRANCE = A LEAD AT A TIME :5 ! ,FR5* WORK]S W]E UTT]LY 9CAPABLE ( LEAD+4 

,AL?\< ! !ORY ( ,SOCIAL ,FASCISM DID NOT ASSI/ ! WORK+ CLASS /RUGGLE1 IT JU/IFI$ ! 5TIRE POLICY ( ! ,COMMUNI/ ,9T]NATIONAL4 ,?IS WAS A MORE IMPORTANT MATT] TO ,/AL91 ,MANUILISKY1 & ,BELA ,KUN1 ?AT MA/] /RATEGI/ ( ! ,HUNG>IAN REVOLUTION1 ?AN ! EMANCIPATION ( ! WORK]S4 

,BELA ,KUN DECL>$ ?AT ! SOCIAL DEMOCRACY1 FROM TOP TO BOTTOM1 LEAD] & COMMONE/ MEMB]1 ALL ALONG ! L9E1 WAS A FUSION ) ! CAPITALI/ /ATE4 ,! ESS5TIAL VALUE ( ?IS !ORY WAS ?AT IT JU/IFI$ ! 0 ,UNIT$ ,FRONT FROM ! TOP0 ) ,*IANG ,KAI ,%EK & ,PURCELL1 & LAT] IT JU/IFI$ ALSO ! TOTAL NEGATION ( ! ,UNIT$ ,FRONT ) WORK+ CLASS ELEM5TS ORGANIZ+ ! SOCIAL DEMOCRACY4 ,ACCORD+ TO ?IS DOGMA1 IT WAS ! ESS5CE ( ,BOL%EVISM TO MA9TA9 A UNIT$ FRONT ) PROV$ /RIKE BREAK]S 9 RETURN = !IR 0 /RUGGLE TO DEF5D ! ,SOVIET ,UNION40 ,?IS WAS ! 0 SECOND P]IOD40 ,BUT 9 ! ?IRD P]IOD1 ! ,SOVIET ,UNION1 NOT REQUIR+ ! SAME DEF5SE1 ! COMMUNI/ MU/ REPUDIATE ALL SOCIAL DEMOCRATS FROM ,PURCELL TO ! UNEMPLOY$ SOCIALI/ WORK] BECAUSE ALL W]E FASCI/S4 

,/AL9ISM EMPLOY$ ! ,SOCIAL ,FASCISM =MULA TO L9K TOGE!R ! TWO MUTUALLY SUPPLEM5T>Y P]IODS ( ITS BLUND]S & CRIMES1 & IDEALIZ$ ! DISORD] ( ITS ACTIVITY 9 ORD] TO 5CASE ITSELF ) A PROTECTIVE GLAM\R4 ,! ?IRD P]IOD1 ! P]IOD ( SO-CALL$ REVOLUTION1 BECAME 9 REALITY ! P]IOD ( ! MO/ TRIUMPHANT C\NT]-REVOLUTION1 & WITNESS$ ! ASSASS9ATION ( ! ,G]MAN REVOLUTION>Y MOVEM5T4 

O ,*APT] #a 3 ,! ,G]MAN ,ASSASS9ATION 

,:5 ! ,/AL9I/S >E ACCUS$ ( ASSASS9AT+ ! ,G]MAN WORK+ CLASS /RUGGLE !Y EXPLA9 ?AT ON V>I\S OCCASIONS BETWE5 #aibe & #aicc !Y PROPOS$ A ,UNIT$ ,FRONT ) ! ,G]MAN ,SOCIAL -,DEMOCRATS4 ,!IR ASS]TIONS 9 ?IS MATT] MU/ BE CORRELAT$ TO !IR *>GE AGA9/ ! ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRATS 9 #aibd ( BE+ ! 5EMY ( ! WORK+-CLASS & 9 #aibh ( BE+ ! ,SOCIAL-,FASCI/S4 

,! 9DICTM5T ( ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRACY AS A POLITICAL PR9CIPLE OR ORGANIZATION IS CORRECT4 ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRACY HAS EV] BE5 ! 5EMY ( WORK+-CLASS /RUGGLE & WAS SO 9 ! DAYS :5 ,WILLIAM ,LIEBKNE*T ORGANIZ$ ! FAM\S UNION ( ,M>XIANS & ,LASSALLEANS1 & ,5GELS FLIRT$ ) ! ALLIANCE :IL/ ,M>X D5\NC$ ! ,AN>*I/S & 9 MO/ 9/ANCES WRONGLY D5\NC$ !M4 

,?IS ACKN[L$GM5T ( A SIMPLE POLITICAL FACT DOES NOT MEAN TO SAY ?AT ! ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRATIC WORK] HAS ANY MORE TO GA9 FROM ! P]PETUATION ( CAPITALI/ SOCIETY -- OR IS ANY LESS ITS FUNDAM5TAL CLASS 5EMY -- ?AN ! ,COMMUNI/ OR ,AN>*I/ WORK]4 

,! APPROA*ES ?AT ! ,/AL9I/S MADE T[>DS ! ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRATS W]E ALWAYS P>TY POLITICAL APPROA*ES CONCEAL+ ! JEAL\S /RUGGLE BETWE5 TWO P>TIES = POLITICAL P[]4 ,! APPROA*ES W]E NEV] CLASS APPROA*ES SEEK+ TO LIQUIDATE ! V>I\S FACTIONS & POLITICAL SECTIONS 9 ! /RUGGLE T[>DS EMANCIPATION ( ! WORK+ CLASS4 ,!Y W]E M]ELY EXPRESSIONS ( ! ,/AL9I/ ZIG-ZAG POLICY =C$ ON ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY BY ! REALITIES ( LIFE ITSELF4 ,!Y CONDEMN$ ! 5TIRE PROGRAM ( ! ,COM9T]N & W]E ACTUALLY A MOCK]Y ( ! WORK+-CLASS /RUGGLE4 

,H]E >E ! OCCASIONS ON :I* ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY S\<T A ,UNIT$ FRONT ) ! ,G]MAN ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRATS 3 -- 

#a#i#b#e4- ,PRUSSIAN ,P>LIAM5T>Y ,GR\P ( ! ,C4 ,P4 (F]$ TO UNITE ) ! ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRATIC MEMB]S 9 A CONC5TRATION ( ALL =CES TO FI<T ! ,MON>*I/ DANG]4 ,!Y PROPOS$ ?AT JO9T DEM&S %\LD BE PUT =W>D = ! CLEANS+ ( ! ,C\RTS1 POLICE & >MY ( ,MON>*I/S4 ,ON ! ,B]L9 ,CITY ,C\NCIL ! ,C4 ,P4 & ! ,S4,D4,P4 ,W]E 9 A MAJORITY4 ,H]E ! ,C4 ,P4 URG$ ! UNIT$ PROGRAM4 ,IT IS OBVI\S ?AT !SE ADVANCES W]E UNREAL & FANTA/IC4 ,!RE WAS NO ,MON>*I/ DANG]4 ,! SUGGE/ION WAS M]ELY SO MU* CLAMOR ?AT CONCEAL$ ! RIS+ ,FASCI/ DANG] :I* HAD NO?+ 9 COMMON ) ! OLD ,MON>*Y4 ,! ,MUNICIPAL ALLIANCE W\LD HAVE BE5 PURELY REVISIONI/IC & QUITE UNREAL4 ,FUR!R1 ! ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRATS HAD ! FEEL+1 QUITE RI<TLY1 ?AT ! PURPOSE ( !SE APPROA*ES WAS NOT TO ADVANCE ! CAUSE ( ! WORK]S1 BUT TO DISPOSSESS ! ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRATS ( !IR PLACE & PELF1 & TO SECURE POSITIONS & C>E]S = ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY LEAD]S4 ,! LATT] W]E M]ELY DISGRUNTL$ ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRATS :O BELIEV$ ?AT S9CE ! OLD ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRAT MOVEM5T WAS LIV+ UND] ! %AD[ ( FAILURE1 !IR C>E]ISM W\LD BE ADVANC$ MORE RAPIDLY IF !Y %ELT]$ B5EA? ! FLAG ( ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION4 ,!Y HOP$ TO GA9 FROM ! GREAT] GLAM\R4 

#a#i#b#f4- ,9 ,JANU>Y ! ,C4 ,P4 ASK$ ! ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRATIC LEAD]S TO UNITE 9 A PLEBISCITE ON ! QUE/ION ( RETURN+ PROP]TY TO ! =M] ,G]MAN ROYALTY4 ,! ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRATS DID NOT AGREE UNTIL ! CAMPAIGN WAS OV]1 & !N REV]S$ !IR DECISION BY MOV+ 9 ,P>LIAM5T ?AT PAYM5T BE MADE TO ! EX-,KAIS]4 ,?IS ISSUE WAS ALTOGE!R UNREAL & PURELY POLITICAL4 ,IT HAD NO RELATION TO ! ,SOCIAL ,REVOLUTION1 S9CE ! REVOLUTION DE/ROYS ! PROP]TY SY/EM ITSELF4 

,IT IS QUITE TRUE ?AT ,SOCIALISM OR ,COMMUNISM %\LD BE OPPOS$ TO ROYALTY ON PR9CIPLE1 BUT IT IS A KN[N FACT ?AT 9 ,BRITA91 ,WALT] ,NEWBOLD 7:5 ,COMMUNI/ ,M4,P4 = ,MO!RWELL7 DEF5D$ ! OA? ( ALLEGIANCE TO ! ,BRITI% ,MON>*Y ) ! APPROVAL ( ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY1 & 9 T]MS MU* MORE SUBS]VI5T ?AN ?OSE EMPLOY$ BY ,GEORGE ,LANSBURY1 :O AT LEA/ DID NOT DISGUISE HIS F9AL REPUBLICAN AMBITION4 ,SAKLATVALA ALSO AS ,COMMUNI/ ,M4,P4 = ,BATT]SEA DEF5D$ ! ALLEGIANCE TO ,MON>*Y4 

,! ,G]MAN ,C4 ,P4 PROPOSAL WAS PURELY DEMON/RATIVE & DESIGN$ TO S]VE ! 9T]E/S ( ! P>TY AS DI/9CT FROM ! WORK]S4 ,IT WAS POLITICAL OPPORTUNISM1 & HAD NO RELATION TO ! ECONOMIC CLASS /RUGGLE4 

#a#i#b#h4- ,! ,C4,P4 CALL$ ON ! ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRACY1 ) SOME LOCAL SUCCESSES1 DESPITE (FICIAL ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRATIC PROHIBITIONS1 TO ORGANIZE JO9T ,MAY ,DAY DEMON/RATIONS4 ,?IS AGA9 WAS PURELY A /RUGGLE = P>TY POLITICAL C>E]ISM & ! CONTROL ( WORK+-CLASS ORGANIZATION4 ,IT >GU$ NO BELIEF 9 UNITY ON ! P>T ( ! ,C4,P41 & ! REFUSAL TO P>TICIPATE DID NOT IMPLY ?AT ! ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRATS W]E OPPOS$ TO UNITY4 ,9DE$1 ! REFUSAL ( ! ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRATS1 AL?\< DICTAT$ BY SIMIL> MOTIVES TO ?OSE :I* 9SPIR$ ! APPROA* ( ! ,COMMUNI/S & BY NO IDEAS ( AB/RACT HONOR1 WAS ! MORE HONORABLE ( ! TWO ATTITUDES4 ,AGA9 IT WAS NOT A QUE/ION ( WORK+-CLASS UNITY BUT ( ! BIRDS ( PREY HOV]+ OV] ! C>CASS4 

,9 ,OCTOB]1 ! ,C4,P4 9VIT$ ! ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRATS TO JO9 9 ! PLEBISCITE AGA9/ ! BUILD+ ( A ,G]MAN CRUIS]4 ,9 VIEW ( ! REVELATIONS CONTA9$ 9 ANO!R *APT] ( ?IS WORK1 REVEAL+ H[ ,SOVIET ,RUSSIA >M$ ! ,G]MAN B\RGEOISIE & H[ ,BU*>9 DEF5D$ ?AT >M+ AT ! ,COM9T]N1 & ,CL>A ,ZETK9 DEF5D$ ! >M+ 9 ! ,REI*/AG1 ?IS GE/URE WAS %E] HYPOCRISY4 

,BETWE5 #aibi TO #a#i#c#b1 ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY MADE REPEAT$ PROPOSALS TO ! ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRATS = A ,UNIT$ ,FRONT AGA9/ WAGE-CUTS EFFECT$ BY COMPULSORY >BITRATION4 ,ALL !SE PROPOSALS W]E REJECT$4 

,! ABOVE RECORD ( APPROA*ES TO UNITY IS ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY REASON = DECL>+ ?AT ! ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRATS PREP>$ ! WAY TO ,FASCISM & W]E ! 5EMIES ( ! WORK+-CLASS4 ,! REASON = MAK+ !SE APPROA*ES WAS SAID TO BE ?AT ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY WAS NOT /RONG 5\< TO ORGANIZE ! WORK+-CLASS )\T ! AID ( ! ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRATS4 

,9 REPLY TO ?IS /ATEM5T1 IT MAY BE ASK$ H[1 IF ! ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRACY WAS ! 5EMY 9 #a#i#b#d1 & WAS ,SOCIAL ,FASCISM 9 #a#i#b#h1 ! ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRACY C\LD BE EXPECT$ TO ORGANIZE ! WORK+-CLASS AGA9/ CAPITALISM4 ,IF ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY HAD BE5 A REVOLUTION>Y P>TY1 ITS L9E ( CONDUCT & /RATEGY IS P]FECTLY CLE>4 ,IT %\LD DEF9ITELY HAVE ATTACK$ ! ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRATIC LEAD]%IP & ! ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRATIC ORGANIZATION1 BUT IT %\LD NOT HAVE ATTEMPT$ TO UND]M9E ?AT LEAD]%IP BY 9TRIGUE4 ,IT %\LD HAVE ATTACK$ ! LEAD]%IP1 BUT ITS [N RANK & FILE %\LD HAVE WELCOM$ AS COMRADES 9 ! REAL ISSUES ( ECONOMIC & SOCIAL LIFE ! RANK & FILE MEMB]S ( ! ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRATIC MOVEM5T4 

,! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION KNEW H[ TO W9 OV] ! SOLDI]S ( ! ,:ITE ,>MY 9VAD]S4 ,IT KNEW H[ TO DEFEAT ,D5IK5'S >MY & TO W9 OV] ITS REGIM5TS4 ,IT KNEW H[ TO DEFEAT ! ,COSSACKS :5 CALL$ \T BY ! C\NT]-REVOLUTION AGA9/ ! />V+ PEOPLE & TO W9 OV] ! 9DIVIDUAL ,COSSACK4 ,DESPITE HIS REPUTATION AS A SOLDI] & EXP,IOR]1 & HE WAS BO?1 ! REVOLUTION KNEW H[ TO DEFEAT ,KOL*AK1 W9 OV] HIS >MY1 & HAVE HIM MADE PRISON] BY HIS [N TROOPS1 :O EXECUT$ HIM = C\NT]-REVOLUTION4 

,IF ! REVOLUTION KNEW H[ TO DO ?IS :Y C\LD NOT ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY 9 ,G]MANY1 ) ITS ,RUSSIAN TRADITIONS & 9FLU5CE1 W9 OV] ! RANK & FILE ( ! ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRACY4 ,HAD IT BE5 ! MOVEM5T ( ! WORK+-CLASS1 HAD IT BE5 ! SPONTANE\S MOVEM5T ( ! MASSES1 IT W\LD HAVE DE/ROY$ ! ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRATIC P>TY & CAPTUR$ ITS EV]Y LOCAL = ,SOCIALISM & ,COMMUNISM4 ,BUT ! ,G]MAN ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY WAS NOT ! MOVEM5T ( ! WORK]S4 ,DESPITE ITS P>ADES ( ! ,IRON ,FRONT1 DESPITE ITS WILD TALK AB\T CIVIL W>1 IT WAS A POLITICAL P>TY1 HI<LY C5TRALIZ$1 9SPIR$ BY C>E]ISM & NOT BY PROLET>IAN CLASS /RUGGLE4 ,ITS PURPOSE WAS NOT TO DE/ROY ! ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRATIC P>TY BY /RUGGLE BUT TO OV]?R[ IT BY COMPETITION4 ,IT WANT$ CAPITALISM TO REMA94 ,IT WANT$ ,P>LIAM5T>ISM4 ,IT WANT$ C>E]ISM4 ,BUT :]E YE/]DAY ! MEMB]S ( ! ,REI*/AG W]E ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRATS1 TO-DAY & TO-MORR[ !Y W]E TO BE ,COMMUNI/ ,DEPUTIES4 ,& SO C>E]ISM WRECK$ ! REVOLUTION 2 C>E]ISM DICTAT$ BY 'LIE BUREAUCRATS ( ! ,COM9T]N1 C>E]ISM DICTAT$ BY ! ,I RICNDS ( ,*IANG ,KAI ,%EK1 C>E]ISM DICTAT$ BY ! ,MOSC[ ALLIES ( ! ,KULAKS1 C>E]ISM ?AT DEF5D$ ,/ATE ,CAPITALISM ) ! ABSURD CRY3 0 ,SOCIALISM 9 ,ONE ,C\NTRY40 

,! CASE AGA9/ ! ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRATS ( ,G]MANY FROM #aibd ONW>DS WAS A /RONG ONE4 ,NO 9DICTM5T C\LD BE TOO SEV]E4 ,9 #a#i#b#d1 !RE WAS AN ANTI-,FASCI/ DEMON/RATION ( #a1 WORK]S AT ,HALLE4 ,!Y W]E FIR$ ON & MANY W]E KILL$ & W\ND$ BY ! POLICE UND] ! ORD]S ( A ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRATIC ,*IEF ,CON/ABLE1 ) ! AGREEM5T ( A ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRATIC ,GOV]NOR1 & ! (FICIAL CONCURR5CE ( A ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRATIC ,HOME ,SECRET>Y OR ,M9I/] = ! ,9T]IOR1 ,SEV]+4 ,?IS SORT ( CONDUCT CONT9U$ UNTIL ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRACY WAS SUPPLANT$ BY ,FASCISM4 

,ON ,MAY ,DAY1 #a#i#b#i1 9 ,B]L91 ! ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRATIC ,*IEF ( ,POLICE1 ,ZO]GIBEL1 PROHIBIT$ DEMON/RATIONS = ! FIR/ TIME 9 ! HI/ORY ( ! ,G]MAN ,LABOR ,MOVEM5T S9CE ! DAYS :5 ,MO/1 ,WILLIAM ,LIEBKNE*T & ,BEBEL W]E IMPRISON$ UND] ! ANTI-,SOCIALI/ LAWS ( ,BISM>CK4 ,?IRTY-?REE WORK]S W]E %OT 9 ! /REETS ( ,B]L94 

,BETWE5 #aibi & #a#i#c#b1 ! ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRATS SUPPORT$ ?REE SUCCESSIVE CAPITALI/ GOV]NM5TS :I* RUL$ 9 DEFIANCE ( ,P>LIAM5T & SO PREP>$ ! WAY = ,HITL]ISM4 ,!SE W]E ! GOV]NM5TS ( ,BRUN+1 ,PAP5 & ,S*LEI*]4 ,! ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRATS ALSO SUPPORT$ ,PRESID5T ,VON ,H9D5BURG1 :5 HE WAS OBVI\SLY PREP>+ ! WAY = ,FASCISM BY SAY+ ?AT IT REPRES5T$ ! LESS] EVIL4 ,DUR+ ?IS P]IOD ! ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRATS SUPPORT$ ! GOV]NM5TAL POLICY ( WAGE-CUTS4 

,9 ! W9T] ( #a#i#c1 ! ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRAT1 ,SEV]+1 DEF5D$ ! 0 ,LAW = ! ,DEF5SE ( ! ,REPUBLIC 0 BE=E ! ,NAZIS4 ,HE EXPLA9$ ?AT IT WAS NOT DIRECT$ AGA9/ !M BUT AGA9/ DEMON/RATIONS ( ! MASSES4 ,HIS CONDUCT E/ABLI%$ ! S9C]ITY ( HIS EXPLANATION4 

,9 ,JULY1 #a#i#c#b1 ! FIR/ SEMI-,FASCI/ GOV]NM5T ( ,VON ,PAP5 WAS E/ABLI%$4 ,ON ! EVE ( ! #b? ( ?IS MON? ! ,C,C4 ( ! ,G]MAN ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY ADOPT$ A RESOLUTION1 AS IT SAID1 0 BE=E ! PROLET>IAN PUBLIC40 ,?IS RESOLUTION WAS ADDRESS$ TO ! ,S4,P4,D41 ?AT IS1 ! ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRATS1 TO ! ,ALPHA-,BUND1 & TO ! ,A4,D4,G4,B41 & ASK$ !SE P>TIES IF !Y W]E 0 PREP>$ TO C>RY \T1 TOGE!R ) ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TLY1 ! ,G5]AL ,/RIKE = ! PROLET>IAN DEM&S40 

,! /RANGE ?+ AB\T ?IS RESOLUTION IS ?AT ON ,JULY #b1 #a#i#c#b1 ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY REG>D$ ! ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRATS AS A PROLET>IAN P>TY4 ,BUT ON ,JULY ,I/1 #a#i#c#b1 !Y REFUS$ TO CONSID] ! ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRATS AS A PROLET>IAN BODY1 BUT D5\NC$ !M AS ,SOCIAL-,FASCI/S & DECL>$ ?AT ONLY ! 0 ,UNIT$ ,FRONT FROM BEL[ 0 WAS POSSIBLE4 ,!Y REPEAT$ ?IS DECL>ATION ON ,AUGU/ #a/1 #a#i#c#b4 

,9 ! ,DAILY ,WORK] 7,AM]ICA71 ,BELA ,KUN1 ! ,HUNG>IAN /RATEGI/1 DESCRIBES H[ ! ,G]MAN ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY APPEAL$ TO ! LEAD]%IP ( ! ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRACY = A ,UNIT$ ,FRONT AGA9/ ! ,FASCI/ T]ROR ON ! DATE GIV51 NAMELY1 ,JULY #b?1 #a#i#c#b4 ,?IS IS 9 ! ISSUE ( ,! ,WORK] = ,SEPTEMB] #b#a/1 #a#i#c#d4 ,CONT9U+ HIS LIFE /ORY1 ,BELA ,KUN ?REE DAYS LAT] ANSW]S ! QUE/ION :Y ! ,COMMUNI/S DID NOT MAKE ! (F] TO ! ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRATIC P>TIES BE=E ! ,FASCI/ DANG] 9 ,G]MANY WAS AN IMM$IATE ONE4 ,HE ADMITS ?AT NO G5U9E PROPOSAL = UNITY WAS MADE 9 ! FOLL[+ ANSW] TO ?IS SELF-POS$ QUE/ION4 

0 ,WE ANSW] AS FOLL[S3 

444 ,TO PROPOSE A UNIT$ FRONT AT ?AT TIME TO ! P>TY LEAD]%IP ( ,WELS1 ,SEV]+1 ,BRAUN1 ,LEIP>T & ! RE/ W\LD 9DE$ HAVE BE5 PURELY A MANEUV] DESIGN$ TO UNMASK !M4444 ,?IS W\LD NOT ONLY HAVE BE5 A MANEUV]2 IT W\LD HAVE BE5 A /UPID MANEUV]40 

,9 ! FACE ( ?IS DECL>ATION ( :AT CONSEQU5CE IS ! ,C4,P4 >GUM5T ?AT !Y R5EW$ ?IS (F] ( A ,UNIT$ ,G5]AL ,/RIKE ON ,JANU>Y #c1 #a#i#c#c1 AGA9/ ! FIR/ ,HITL] GOV]NM5T & REPEAT$ IT ON ,M>* #a/ ( ! SAME YE> ON ! EVE ( ! ,/ATE ELECTIONS4 ,( :AT CONSEQU5CE IS ! FUR!R EXPLANATION ?AT 9 ,JUNE #a#i#c#b1 ! ,C4,P4 MEMB]S ( ,P>LIAM5T (F]$ ! ,UNIT$ ,FRONT TO ! ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRATS = ! ,SOCIALI/ CONTROL ( ,P>LIAM5T4 

,IF ! ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRATS W]E NOT ,SOCIALI/S & HAD NO ,SOCIALI/ POLICY1 H[ C\LD !RE BE A ,SOCIALI/ CONTROL ( ,P>LIAM5T8 ,& :AT IS ! WOR? ( A ,SOCIALI/ CONTROL ( P>LIAM5T IF !RE REMA9S A CAPITALI/IC CONTROL1 ( 9DU/RY8 ,! V]Y DECL>ATION SELF-EXPOSES L! POLITICIAN & PRES5TS US ) AN APOLOGY ( A C\NT]-REVOLUTIONI/4 

,! ,/AL9I/S DECL>E ?AT [+ TO ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRATIC TREA*]Y1 ! CONDITIONS = A SUCCESSFUL REVOLUTION DID NOT EXI/ 9 ,G]MANY 9 ,JANU>Y & ,M>*1 #a#i#c#c4 ,BUT :AT ( ! YE>S ( ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY PRET5SE1 ! SPEE*ES 9 ,MOSC[1 ! W> ON ! ,K4,A4,P4,D41 ! 9EFFECTIVE POLITICAL POS+2 BE=E ! M>IONETTES ( ! ,COM9T]N4 

,TROTSKY HAS DEVOT$ F\R PAMPHLETS TO ?IS QUE/ION ( ! ,G]MAN ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY DEBACLE4 ,! SUBJECT IS DEALT ) V]Y ?OR\<LY 9 HIS 0 ,:AT ,NEXT8 0 & 0 ,! ,ONLY ,ROAD10 BO? ( :I* >E OBTA9ABLE 9 ,5GLI%4 

,G]MANY IS ! KEY C\NTRY 9 ,EUROPE4 ,AFT] ! ,P>IS ,COMMUNE IT GAVE US P>LIAM5T>Y ,SOCIALISM1 & D[N TO ! \TBREAK ( ! WORLD W> DOM9AT$ SOCIALI/ ?\<T & ACTIVITY4 ,AFT] ! ,RUSSIAN REVOLUTION ,G]MANY RECOV]$ ITS IMPORTANCE 9 RELATION TO PROLET>IAN /RUGGLE4 ,HAD ,G]MANY TURN$ ,SOVIET 9 #a#i#a#h1 HAD ,K>L ,LIEBKNE*T & ,ROSA ,LUXEMB\RG TRIUMPH$1 ! :OLE CIVILIZ$ WORLD W\LD HAVE BE5 PLUNG$ 9TO ! CLASS /RUGGLE1 & ! BATTLE W\LD HAVE BE5 F\<T ON ! /REETS ( ! CITIES & 9 ! VILLAGES1 ( ,SOVIETS OR ,P>LIAM5T1 ( ,SOVIETS OR BUREACRACY1 ( WORLD SOCIALISM OR WORLD CAPITALISM4 ,LEIBKNE*T & ,LUXEMB\RG W]E ASSASS9AT$ BY ! SOCIAL DEMOCRACY !Y HAD PIONE]$1 & ,G]MAN CAPITALISM SCOR$ ITS FIR/ VICTORY4 

,9 #a#i#b#c1 ! ,G]MAN REVOLUTION>Y =CES TAMELY SURR5D]$ TO ! REACTION1 & A DECISIVE TURN+ PO9T WAS REA*$ 9 ! REVOLUTION>Y /RUGGLE 9 ,EUROPE4 ,HUGE DEMON/RATIONS & MEET+S W]E HELD 9 ! ,SOVIET ,UNION TO SUPPORT ! ,G]MAN PROLET>IAN REVOLUTION ?AT ! ,CORN9T]N HAD =BIDD5 TO TAKE PLACE4 ,!SE MEET+S W]E HELD PURELY = ! PURPOSE ( CAM\FLAGE1 & TO PREV5T ! ,RUSSIAN WORK] FROM BECOM+ RE/LESS4 ,ACTUALLY1 ! CAPITALI/ WORLD WAS ABLE TO BREA! DEEP] & FRE]4 ,)9 T5 YE>S IT WAS CLE> ?AT ! CLASS /RUGGLE 9 ,G]MANY HAD REA*$ A CRISIS1 & ?AT ! ISSUE MU/ N[ BE F\<T ( WORLD COMMUNISM OR WORLD FASCISM4 

,DESPITE ! ASSASS9ATIONS ( ,LIEBKNE*T & ,LUXEMB\RG1 DESPITE ! T]RIBLE ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRATIC BETRAYALS1 ! ,G]MAN WORK+-CLASS /ILL RANK$ AS ! MO/ P[]FUL & ! MO/ IMPORTANT 9 ALL ,EUROPE4 ,IT WAS REPUT$ TO HAVE A HI< 9TELLECTUAL LEVEL4 ,IT WAS V]S$ 9 ! DOCTR9ES ( ,K>L ,M>X1 :I* DOES NOT SAY TOO MU* = ! DOCTR9ES ( ?AT G5TLEMAN4 

,CONTR>Y TO ! LOGIC ( ,M>XISM ! ,G]MAN WORK]S HAD LOYALLY EXP]I5C$ W>1 & HAD EM]G$ FROM ! CAPITALI/ BATTLEFIELD TO PASS ?R\< ?REE REVOLUTIONS4 ,!Y W]E ?OR\<LY 9DU/RIALIZ$4 ,SIX MILLIONS ( !M HAD VOT$ COMMUNI/1 & EI<T MILLIONS HAD VOT$ SOCIALI/ 9 ! LA/ ELECTION AGA9/ ,FASCISM4 ,IF P>LIAM5T>ISM SIGNIFI$ ANY?+1 F\RTE5 MILLION WORK]S /OOD BEH9D ! DOCTR9ES ( ,SOCIALISM4 ,AGA9/ !M WAS A RUL+ CLASS ?AT HAD LO/ ! W>1 LO/ ITS ,KAIS]1 & LO/ ITS BUS9ESS PRE/IGE & TRADITION ( RUL+4 ,! RUL+ CLASS >MY WAS LIMIT$ TO #a1 M54 ,9 ADDITION TO ?IS SMALL /&+ >MY ! RUL+ CLASS HAD SOME POLITICAL TROOPS LIKE ?OSE ( ! ,NAZIS ( ,HITL]4 ,!Y W]E MA9LY /UD5TS1 Y\? )\T MILIT>Y EXP]I5CE1 DECLASS$ PETTY B\RGEOISE & LUMP5 PROLET>IAN ELEM5TS4 ,?IS COMB9ATION ( TRA% C\LD NOT BE CONSID]$ A MAT* = ! WELL ORGANIZ$ W> H]OES & 9DU/RIALLY TRA9$ WORKM54 ,YET ?IS 9EXP]I5C$ SCUM ( REACTION DEFEAT$ OV]:ELM+LY & CRU%$ M]CILESSLY ! /RONGE/ WORK+ CLASS 9 ! WORLD4 ,! WOND]FUL ,G]MAN ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY1 ) ITS MU* BOA/$ /ORM TROOPS1 #b#e1 /RONG1 GAVE UP )\T A FI<T4 

,:IL/ ?IS DISGRACEFUL CAPITULATION WAS TAK+ PLACE1 ! ,COMMUNI/ ,9T]NATIONAL PR9T$ NO NEWS ( ! EV5TS1 CALL$ NO EM]G5CY ,CONGRESS1 & OP5$ NO DISCUSSION ON ! MATT]4 ,/AL9ISM NO LONG] CONSID]$ ?AT ! SAFETY ( ! ,SOVIET ,UNION DEP5D$ UPON ! 9T]NATIONAL PROLET>IAT4 ,! ]A ( REVOLUTION HAD GIV5 PLACE TO ?AT ( DIPLOMACY1 & ! ,COMMUNI/ ,9T]NATIONAL HAD S]V$ ITS HI/ORIC PURPOSE ( ASSASS9AT+ ! WORLD REVOLUTION4 ,! DEA? ( ! ,G]MAN REVOLUTION>Y MOVEM5T WAS ! SIGN1 ACCORD+ TO ! ORD9>Y POLITICAL REVOLUTION>Y CAL5D> !N 9 VOGUE1 ?AT ! WORLD REVOLUTION HAD BE5 BUT A DREAM ?AT WAS 5D$4 ,IF ! WORLD REVOLUTION %\LD YET PROVE TO BE A REALITY IT WILL BE NO ?ANKS TO ,/AL9ISM OR TO ! OLD SOCIALI/ PHILOSOPHY2 IT WILL BE BECAUSE !SE SAVANTS1 OR PR(ESSIONAL WISE-M5 ( ! REVOLUTION1 WORK$ ACCORD + TO ! WRONG CAL5D>4 ,9 ! CANT T]M ( ! ,TROTSKYI/ & ,/AL9I/ DISCUSSIONS1 !V DID NOT UND]/& ! TEMPO ( EV5TS4 ,P]HAPS ?AT EXPLA9S H[ !Y PREP>$ ! MONUM5TAL BETRAYAL ( ! ,G]MAN & 9T]NATIONAL PROLET>IAT BY ! PURSUIT ( A FALSE L9E ( POLICY FROM ALMO/ ! FIR/ DAY ( ! =M+ ( ! COMMUNI/ ,9T]NATIONAL4 ,IT IS NOTICEABLE1 AS CONTRA/$ ) ! DEMON/RATIONS 9 ! ,SOVIET ,UNION ( #a#i#b#c1 NO ANTI-,NAZI DEMON/RATION TOOK PLACE 9 ! ,U4,S4,S4,R4 BE=E OR AFT] ,HITL]'S RISE TO P[]4 

,9 #a#i#b#i1 ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY SPLIT ! ,G]MAN ,TRADE ,UNIONS4 ,IT DID NOT >GUE1 AS ,COMMUNI/S >E 5TITL$ TO >GUE ?AT ,TRADES ,UNIONISM DOES NOT EXPRESS ! ,CLASS ,W> BUT ! COMMODITY /RUGGLE4 ,IT DID NOT TAKE ITS /& AGA9/ ! ,TRADES ,UNIONS BECAUSE !Y W]E RE=MI/ ORGANIZATIONS4 ,IT 5T]$ 9TO COMPETITIVE RE=MISM &1 )DREW !IR MEMB]S & SYMPA?IZ]S FROM ! E/ABLI%$ ,TRADE ,UNIONS4 ,! ,TRADE ,UNIONS W]E #h11 WORK]S /RONG & !Y W]E CONTROLL$ BY ! AV[$ RE=MI/S & C>E]I/S ( ! ,SOCIALI/ ,P>TY4 ,! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY )DREW #c1 MEMB]S & ORGANIZ$ 9TO !IR [N PAP] UNIONS4 ,?IS DID NOT DEVELOP ! REVOLUTION>Y MOVEM5T BUT ISOLAT$ NOM9ALLY ,COMMUNI/ WORK]S FROM ,SOCIALI/ WORK]S4 ,! P[] ( ! C>E]I/S ( ! ,SOCIALI/ MOVEM5T WAS CEM5T$ & ! SO-CALL$ ,COMMUNI/S W]E LEFT TO ORGANIZE LITTLE SECT>IAN GR\PS 9 EA* FACTORY OR 9DU/RIAL C5T]4 ,?IS WAS NOT MAK+ W> ON ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRATIC C>E]ISM4 ,?IS WAS NOT 9SPIR+ ! WORK]S BY PROMULGAT+ A NEW PR9CIPLE4 ,IT WAS ONLY SPLITT+ ! WORK]S ON ! FIELD ( 9DU/RY & CAUS+ !M TO LOSE BATTLE AFT] BATTLE4 ,IT WAS ! DISA/] ( 9TRIGUE & NOT ! ADVANCE ( REVOLUTION4 

,PROCE$+ ) !IR P>TY W>F>E AGA9/ ! ,SOCIALI/ ,DEMOCRATIC P>TY1 ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY DECL>$ ?AT ! *IEF 5EMY ( ! ,G]MAN WORK]S WAS NOT ,FASCISM BUT ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRACY4 ,! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY MAY HAVE (F]$ A ,UNIT$ ,FRONT TO ! ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRATS1 BUT TO ! WORK]S !Y ISSU$ ! SLOGAN ?AT ! FIR/ TASK ( ! WORK+-CLASS /RUGGLE WAS TO DE/ROY ! ,SOCIALI/ MOVEM5T1 ! SO-CALL$ ,SOCIAL-,FASCI/S4 ,IF ANYONE VISUALIZES ! ORGANIZATION ( ,IHC ,LABOR MOVEM5T1 ! GA!R+ ( ACTUAL WORK]S 9 ! SMALL LOCAL HALLS1 ONE MU/ REALIZE1 H[EV] GREAT ! 9DICTM5T MAY BE ( ! C>E]I/ LEAD]S1 ?AT TO D5\NCE ! WORK+-CLASS LOCALS ( ! ,SOCIALI/ MOVEM5T AS GA!R+S ( ,FASCI/S IS ! QU9TESS5CE ( ABSURDITY4 ,! RESULT ( ?IS ABSURD SLOGAN WAS ! COMPLETE SECT>IAN DIVISION ( ! WORK]S !MSELVES :I* SPREAD AMONG ! LABOR+ MASSES LIKE SOME UNHOLY RELIGI\S W>4 ,! ,FASCI/S HAD AN EASY TIME DEVELOP+ !IR MOVEM5T [+ TO ?IS 9CAPACITY ( ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY = REVOLUTION>Y UND]/&+ & REVOLUTION>Y /RUGGLE4 ,! ,FASCI/S %OT ,SOCIALI/ WORK]S 9 ! /REET & IF ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY DID NOT ACTUALLY APPLAUD IT MO/ C]TA9LY DID NOT PROTE/4 ,! ,FASCI/S %OT ,COMMUNI/ WORK]S ON ! /REET & ( C\RSE ! ,SOCIALI/S MADE NO PROTE/4 

,! NEXT /EP 9 ?IS /RANGE REVOLUTION>Y /RUGGLE1 :I* EMPHASIZES ,BAKUN9'S PO9T ?AT A SOCIAL REVOLUTION MU/ NOT BE REG>D$ AS A POLITICAL REVOLUTION & MU/ NOT BE DOM9AT$ BY ! METAPHYSICS ( P>TY DOGMA1 WAS ! DELIB]ATE ALLIANCE ( ! ,COMMUNI/S ) ! ,FASCI/S TO DE/ROY P>LIAM5T>Y ,SOCIALISM & TO PLACE ! ,FASCI/S 9 P[]4 

,9 #aic ! REF]5DUM WAS TAK5 TO DECIDE ! QUE/ION :E!R ! ,L&TAG1 ?AT IS ! ,PRUSSIAN ,P>LIAM5T1 %\LD BE ABOLI%$4 ,! ,COMMUNI/S VOT$ -- ) ! ,FASCI/S -- AGA9/ ! ,SOCIALI/S & ,DEMOCRATS4 ,HAD ! ,COMMUNI/S & ,FASCI/S REALLY WON & HAD ! ,G]MAN ,P>LIAM5T BE5 ABOLI%$1 ! RESULT W\LD HAVE BE5 NOT ! E/ABLI%M5T ( ,SOVIETS1 BUT ! ]ECTION ( A ,FASCI/ DICTATOR%IP4 

,EV]YONE KN[S ?AT ! ,V]SAILLES ,TREATY WAS A DAMNABLE PIECE ( REACTION4 ,ITS M5ACE TO PROLET>IAN DEVELOPM5T WAS ?AT IT 9SPIR$ 9EVITABLY ,G]MAN MILIT>ISM & A ,G]MAN W> SPIRIT & MADE ?AT MILIT>ISM SEEM A RADICAL EXPRESSION ( ,JU/ICE4 ,IT WAS ! FUNCTION ( ,COMMUNI/S TO UND]/& ?IS TREATY & TO EXPLA9 IT 9 RELATION TO ! CLASS /RUGGLE4 ,! ,G]MAN ,COMMUNI/S TOOK UP ! SLOGAN 0 ,GEG5 ,V]SAILLES 0 7,AGA9/ ! ,V]SAILLES ,TREATY7 & SO MADE A ,UNIT$ ,FRONT ) ! ,NAZIS4 ,?IS COMPLETELY DE/ROY$ ! CLASS /RUGGLE4 ,! ,COMMUNI/S MADE ?IS SLOGAN !IR *IEF WAT*WORD & SO CAT]$ TO ?OSE REACTION>Y NATIONAL PREJUDICES TO :I* ! ,NAZIS W]E APPEAL+ & ! RESULT ( :I* MADE 9EVITABLE ! RISE ( HASCISM4 ,9/EAD ( PREA*+ A ,G]MAN REVOLUTION & *ALL5G+ ! CAPITALI/ C\NTRIES TO MAKE W> ON ! PROLET>IAN ,SOCIAL ,REVOLUTION>Y /RUGGLE 9 ,G]RNANY1 !REBY CA/+ ASIDE ALL CAPITALI/ TREATIES & ! DIPLOMATS ( ,EUROPE1 ! ,COMMUNI/S TAU<T ! ,G]MAN MASSES ?AT !Y W]E TO UNITE ) !IR CAPITALI/ FOES )9 ! C\NTRY TO MAKE W> ON ! CAPITALI/ 5EMY ( ! C\NTRY4 ,( :AT C\NTRY8 ,! ,G]MAN ,FA!RL&1 ! ,G]MAN CAPITALI/ C\NTRY1 ! C\NTRY ?AT 5SLAV$ ! WORK]S ( ,G]MANY4 ,& SO1 ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY AP$ ! ,FASCI/S & RAIS$ ! SLOGAN ( A ,FOLKS' ,REVOLUTION1 A ,PEOPLE'S ,REVOLUTION4 ,& ?IS CRIM9AL FOLLY WAS 9DULG$ BY ! ALLEG$ EXTREME DISCIPLES ( ,M>X 9 ! MO/ ADVANC$ 9DU/RIAL C\NTRY ( ,EUROPE1 9 :I* ! ,CAPITALI/ ,REPUBLIC C\LD HAVE BE5 OV]?R[N & SOME SUGGE/ION ( A PROLET>IAN /ATE E/ABLI%$4 

,! ,COMMUNI/S =GOT ?AT ! MASS ( ! WORK]S W]E BEH9D ! ,SOCIALI/ ,P>TY & ?AT ! ONLY WAY TO UND]M9E ! ,SOCIALI/ ,P>TY WAS 9CESSANT PROPAG&A1 MORE P[]FUL REVOLUTION>Y /RUGGLE1 REAL PROLET>IAN APPEALS TO ! WORK]S1 & NOT FLAMBOYANT ULTIMATUMS1 S5SELESS P>ADES )\T =CE OR C\RAGE1 & ! HUNDR$ & ONE !ATRICAL ACTIVITIES 9 :I* ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY LOV$ TO 9DULGE4 ,:5 !Y %\LD HAVE BE5 PREP>+ = REVOLUTION1 ! ,COMMUNI/S EV9C$ !IR HOPELESS RE=MISM BY P>AD+ AGA9/ WAGE-CUTS4 ,IT WAS EASI] TO RALLY ! MASSES TO SU* P>ADES4 ,IT WAS EASI] & SO ?OR\<LY FUTILE4 ,! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY DID ! SAME ?+ 9 ,AM]ICA DUR+ ! 9T]LUDE BETWE5 TWO WORLD W>S1 ) ITS HUNG] M>*ES & IT DID ! SAME ?+ 9 ,BRITA94 ,IT T]M$ !SE ANTI-WAGE-CUTS & ANTI-DOLE-CUTS P>ADES REVOLUTION1 :]EAS SU* PROTE/S DID NOT T\* ! FR+E ( ! QUE/ION4 

,9 ,BRITA9 WE WITNESS$ ! COMPLETE TRANS=MATION ( ! WORK]S' 9SURANCE SY/EM & ! ,POOR ,LAW ( ,PUBLIC ,ASSI/ANCE4 ,WE HAD ! COMPLETE DE/RUCTION ( LOCAL GOV]NM5T 9 ! ADM9I/RATION ( UNEMPLOY$ RELIEF & WE HAD E/ABLI%$ ! ,BO>D :I* IS VIRTUALLY A ,C\RT ( ,ADM9I/RATION1 ! MEMB]S ( :I* >E NON-RESPONSIBLE TO ,P>LIAM5T1 RECEIVE JUDGES' SAL>IES1 & >E APPO9T$ BY ,ROYAL ,W>RANT4 ,! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY PROTE/$ NOT AGA9/ ! E/ABLI%M5T ( SU* ,C\RTS1 :I* IS ,FASCISM 9 LOCAL GOV]NM5T & IS P>T ( ! G5]AL ,FASCI/ UND]M9+ ( ,DEMOCRACY1 BUT ONLY AGA9/ ! DOLE CUTS ?AT M>K$ ! FIR/ /EPS ( ?IS ADM9I/RATION4 

,! ,G]MAN ,COMMUNI/S =GOT ?AT ! WORK]S W]E 5 MASSE BEH9D ! ,SOCIALI/ ,P>TY UNTIL ! TIME CAME TO APOLOGIZE = ! TRIUMPH ( ,HITL]ISM4 ,!N IT REMEMB]$ 9 ORD] TO EXCUSE4 ,BUT :AT HAD ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY BE5 DO+ S9CE #aiai & :AT WAS ! WOR? ( ALL ITS BRAGGADOCIO :5 REPORT+ ! TRIUMPHS ( ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY OV] ! ,SOCIALI/ ,P>TY TO ,MOSC[8 ,! WAY TO DE/ROY ! ,SOCIALI/ ,P>TY WAS TO UNITE ALL WORK+-CLASS ORGANIZATIONS AGA9/ ,FASCISM & TO LEAVE ! LEAD]%IP ( ! ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRACY HI< & DRY1 ITS YELL[ COLOR BETRAY$ 9 ! TIME ( CRISIS1 AS ON ! OCCASION :5 IT VOT$ = ,H9D5BURG4 

,! RESULT ( ?IS ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY 9TRIGUE & 9ABILITY TO DI/+UI% BETWE5 A P>TY DICTATOR%IP & ! CLASS /RUGGLE1 BETWE5 P>TY POLITICAL ASPIRATIONS & PROLET>IAN SOCIAL REVOLUTION1 WAS TO PLACE ,HITL] & HIS GUNM5 9 P[] 9 ,G]MANY 9 ,M>*1 #a#i#c#c1 TO DE/ROY ALL WORK+-CLASS & ALL RADICAL ?\<T ORGANIZATION2 TO SEE ! ,TRADE ,UNIONS SMA%$ TO BITS1 !IR BUILD+S SEIZ$1 !IR TREASURIES CONFISCAT$ 2 TO HAVE ! ,SOCIALI/ & ,COMMUNI/ P>TIES DISSOLV$1 & TO HAVE ALL PROLET>IAN ELEM5TS ( /RUGGLE DRIV5 UND]GR\ND4 ,?\S&S ( ,COMMUNI/S & ,SOCIALI/S W]E KILL$4 ,T5S ( ?\S&S W]E JAIL$ & HELD 9 CONC5TRATION CAMPS4 ,O!RS W]E BRUTALLY BEAT5 & T]RORIZ$ ?R\<\T ! L&4 ,/AL9 DECL>$ DUR+ ?IS P]IOD ( ,SOCIALI/ COLLAPSE ?AT EV]Y?+ WAS GO+ ALONG AS PR$ICT$1 ?AT ! ,SOCIAL ,REVOLUTION WAS RI<T AHEAD 9 ,G]MANY1 ?AT ,L59ISM & ! ,COMMUNI/ ,9T]NATIONAL W]E V9DICAT$4 

,! EV5TS 9 ,G]MANY W]E ! TURN+ PO9T ( ! WORLD PROLET>IAN /RUGGLE4 ,!Y 5D$ ! EPO* ( ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRACY4 ,SO F> AS ! PROLET>IAT ( ,BRITA9 & ! ,5GLI% SPEAK+ C\NTRIES ( ! WORLD W]E CONC]N$ ! ,EUROPEAN /RUGGLE CEAS$ TO C\NT4 ,IT GAVE ! ,BRITI% WORK]S NO POLITICAL BACK+1 NO ORGANIZATIONAL HOPE4 

,9 #a#g#i1 ,FRANCE WAS ! ,REVOLUTION>Y C5T] ( ! WORLD4 ,AFT] ! ,P>IS ,COMMUNE1 ,G]MANY BECAME1 DESPITE ITS NOTORI\S AU?ORIT>IANISM1 ! POLITICAL C5T] ( WORK+-CLASS ?\<T4 ,G]MAN ,SOCIALISM WAS NEV] SATISFACTORY = IT WAS ALWAYS HEAVY & DULL & LACK$ ! ELAN ?AT BELONGS TO REVOLUTION4 ,IT LACK$ ! SPIRIT ( FIRE & VIGOR4 ,:5 IT DID DISCOV] SPIRIT 9 ,K>L ,LEIBKNE*T & ,ROSA ,LUXEMB\RG1 ALL IT C\LD DO WAS TO MURD] ! H]OES ?AT EMBODI$ IT4 ,AFT] ,G]MANY & ! W> DEBACLE !RE CAME ,RUSSIA4 

,! ,SOVIET ,UNION TURN$ A ,SOCIAL ,REVOLUTION 9TO A POLITICAL REVOLUTION & A DIPLOMATIC 9TRIGUE4 ,& N[ ! :OLE ( ,EUROPE LIES 9 RU9S4 ,FASCISM HAS MADE 9ROADS AMONG ! ,5GLI%-SPEAK+ RACES UND] ! GUISE ( DEMOCRATIC DEF5SE & MILIT>Y NECESSITY4 ,IT IS LEFT TO ! WORK]S ( ?OSE RACES TO MAKE ! /& = REVOLUTION & SO RALLY ! WORK]S ( ! WORLD = ,SOCIALISM4 

O ,*APT] #aa 3 ,! ,SOVIET ,FA!RL& 

,IT WAS IMPOSSIBLE = ! ,COMMUNI/ ,9T]NATIONAL TO DE/ROY ! ,*9ESE REVOLUTION1 ! ,BRITI% ,G5]AL ,/RIKE1 & TWO ,G]MAN REVOLUTIONS1 )\T DEVELOP+ A PROLET>IAN RETREAT 9 ,SOVIET ,RUSSIA4 ,! FACT ?AT ! ,KULAK PROBLEM /ILL REMA9S DEMON/RATES ! FALLACY ( REG>D+ ,SOVIET ,RUSSIA AS ! WORK]S' FA!RL&4 

,! ,TROTSKYI/ ELEM5TS1 D[N TO !IR LIQUIDATION 9 #a#i#c#e1 MA9TA9$ ?AT ,SOVIET ,RUSSIA WAS /ILL ! SOCIALI/ FA!RL&1 NOT)/&+ ! ]RORS ( ,/AL9ISM4 ,BUT ! ,TROTSKYI/S CLUNG TO ! IDEA ( ! RE=M ( ! ,?IRD ,9T]NATIONAL & ( ! (FICIAL ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY 9 ! ,SOVIET ,UNION UNTIL #a#i#c#c4 ,IT WAS LEFT TO ! ANTI-P>LIAM5T>IAN ELEM5TS TO PROCLAIM CORRECTLY1 YE>S BE=E1 ! DEA? ( ! ,?IRD ,9T]NATIONAL1 & ! NECESSITY EI!R ( A F\R? OR A NEW 9T]NATIONAL1 OR ELSE ( NO =MAL 9T]NATIONAL AT ALL4 ,! ANTI-P>LIAM5T>IANS W]E DIVID$ ON ?IS QUE/ION1 = AL?\< !Y ALL WI%$ TO L9K UP ! REVOLUTION>Y MOVEM5T 9 ! DIFF]5T C\NTRIES1 SOME ANTI-P>LIAM5T>IANS DID NOT SEE ! USEFULNESS ( SOLEMN CONCLAVES & MIX$ LANGUAGE GA!R+S4 ,! ,TROTSKYI/S W]E RELUCTANTLY DRIV5 TO ACCEPT ! VIEW ?AT ! ,?IRD ,9T]NATIONAL WAS DEAD1 :5 ! FACT C\LD BE DISPUT$ NO1 LONG]4 ,IT WAS ONLY A MATT] ( TIME = SU* ,TROTSKYI/S AS RETA9$ !IR 9TEGRITY ( UND]/&+ TO BE DRIV5 R\ND TO ! VIEWPO9T ?AT ,SOVIET ,RUSSIA IS NOT ! SOCIALI/ FA!RL&4 

,ON ! DISPUT$ QUE/ION ( ! SOCIALI/ FA!RL&1 ! VIEW ( ! ,AN>*I/S & ( ! ,ANTIP>LIAM5T>IANS IS ?AT AL?\< ,SOVIET ,RUSSIA MAY RETA9 SOME ELEM5TAL AFT] EFFECTS ( H] PREMATURE BUT 9EVITABLE WORK+-CLASS REVOLUTION -- & IT W\LD BE /RANGE 9DE$ IF SU* A TREM5D\S UPHEAVAL S]V$ NO USEFUL PURPOSE AT ALL -FUNDAM5TALLY %E IS A CAPITALI/ C\NTRY4 ,ONLY ! WORLD REVOLUTION CAN NO LONG] COME FROM ,EUROPE4 ,IT HAS BE5 SMA%$ 9 ,ITALY1 9 ,G]MANY & 9 ,SPA94 ,?AT WORLD REVOLUTION CANNOT COME FROM ,ASIA1 = 9 ,JAPAN ,FASCISM IS RIS+1 & 9 ,*9A ! ,K\ ,M9 ,TANG REPRES5TS ! TRIUMPH ( ! C\NT]-REVOLUTION4 

,9 #aicd ! F9AL PRET5D$ HOPES ( ,COMMUNISM1 ! LA/ L9E ( ,MOSC['S R$ G5]ALS1 SURR5D]$ TO ,*IANG ,KAI ,%EK 2 9 ,AUGU/ ( ?AT1 YE>1 9 ! DI/RICT ( ,HUNAN1 ,LI ,*I5 ,WU1 COMM&] ( ! 9DEP5D5T R$ REGIM5TS1 & ! O!R R$ G5]AL1 ,LE ,TSE-LIANG4 ,! MON? BE=E1 ,KUNG ,HO ,*UNG1 :O HAD BE5 ! PET ( ! ,/AL9I/S = SEV]AL YE>S1 AFT] EV5TS COMPELL$ !M TO GIVE UP PRAIS+ ,*IANG ,KAI ,%EK1 SURR5D]$ TO ! LATT] & (F]$ HIS S]VICES = ! SUPPRESSION ( ,COMMUNISM 9 ,*9A4 

,KUNG WAS A MEMB] ( ! G5]AL EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE ( ! SO-CALL$ ,SOVIET GOV]NM5T ( ,JUIK94 ,HE SURR5D]$ ON ,JULY ! #b#g?1 & AT ONCE PROCE$$ TO ,*IANG ,KAI ,%EK'S MILIT>Y HEADQU>T]S AT ,NAN*UNG4 ,HE RECEIV$ AN IMM$IATE MILIT>Y COMM&1 & HIS ANTI-COMMUNI/ DECL>ATIONS W]E WIDELY CIRCULAT$ ) A FULL ACC\NT ( HIS C>E] AS A COMMUNI/ G5]AL4 ,*IANG ,KAI ,%EK EXTOLL$ ,KUNG'S FIVE YE>S' MILIT>Y PR[ESS1 & DECL>$ ?AT HIS ALLIANCE WAS A TREM5D\S EV5T 9 ! HI/ORY ( ,*9A4 ,KUNG DECL>$ ?AT HE JO9$ ! COMMUNI/S 9 #aibg ) ! IDEA ( WORK+ = ! MASSES1 BUT ?AT HE N[ REALIZ$ ?AT ,COMMUNISM WAS IMPOSSIBLE 9 ,*9A1 & ?AT TO PURSUE ITS REALIZATION WAS TO IMP]IL ! BE/ 9T]E/S ( ! ,*9ESE PEOPLE4 ,H5CE HIS SURR5D] & HIS ALLEGIANCE TO ! ,K\ ,M9 ,TANG4 

,KUNG'S SURR5D] MEANT ! COMPLETE TRIUMPH ( ! C\NT]-REVOLUTION 9 ,ASIA1 & SETTL$ REACTION 9 ,RUSSIA UNTIL ! ,WORLD REVOLUTION CRIES A HALT4 ,?AT REVOLUTION CAN BE BR\<T AB\T ONLY 9 ! ,5GLI%-SPEAK+ C\NTRIES & ONLY !RE IF P>LIAM5T>Y SOCIAL DEMOCRACY & ! FUTILE ,COMMUNI/ ,9T]NATIONAL >E REPUDIAT$1 ! EXI/+ COMMUNI/ P>TIES & SOCIAL DEMOCRATIC FACTIONS DE/ROY$1 & A DIRECT REVOLUTION>Y MOVEM5T />T$ AMONG ! WORK]S4 ,IT IS ! DUTY ( ! WORK]S ( ,BRITA9 & ,AM]ICA TO LOOK NO LONG] TO ,G]MANY OR ,RUSSIA1 BUT TO1 UNITE 9 BUILD+ UP A NEW & CLOSELY-F$]AT$ COMMUNI/ MOVEM5T ( ACTION & ( /RUGGLE4 

O ,*APT] #ab 3 ,RUSSIA UND] ,L59 & ,/AL9 

,! DE/RUCTION ( ,SOVIET ,RUSSIA AS ! L& ( ,SOVIETISM & ! TEMPOR>Y /ABILIZATION ( CAPITALISM IS SAID BY ! ,TROTSKYI/S TO DATE FROM ! DEA? ( ,L594 ,! PROCESS MO/ C]TA9LY HAS BE5 SPE$$ S9CE ?AT TIME4 ,!RE CAN BE NO D\BT ?AT ,/AL9 P]PETUAT$ & DEVELOP$ ! UND]M9+ ( ! ,SOVIET ,REPUBLIC4 ,TROTSKY WAS QUITE WRONG TOO MAKE ,/AL9 SOLELY RESPONSIBLE4 ,! PRES5T DEMI-GOD ( ,RUSSIAN BUREAUCRACY BUT CONT9U$ ! WORK ,L59 BEGAN4 ,/AL9 HA/5$ ! DEG5]ATION4 ,?AT DEG5]ATION WAS ! 9EVITABLE PRODUCT ( ! DEFEAT ( ! ,G]MAN ,REVOLUTION 9 #a#i#b#c1 & ! SUBSEQU5T ISOLATION ( ! ,SOVIET ,UNION4 ,IT IS POSSIBLE ?AT ,L59'S REACTION TO ! #aibc MOVEM5T W\LD HAVE BE5 DI/9CT FROM ?AT ( ,/AL9 & MORE USEFUL TO ! G5]AL REVOLUTION>Y CAUSE BUT IT IS C]TA9 ?AT1 AS REG>DS ! COLLAPSE ( ,SOCIALISM 9 ,RUSSIA1 ,/AL9 HAD AN ABLE MA/] 9 ,L594 

,! WORLD SITUATION FROM #aiah TO #aiba WAS FAVORABLE TO ! MY? -- PROMOT$ BY ! ,TROTSKYI/S1 ?AT ,L59ISM WAS MU* SUP]IOR TO ,/AL9ISM4 ,! ,COMMUNI/ ,9T]NATIONAL & ITS HIR$ SATELLITES 9 ALL C\NTRIES TALK NONS5SE :5 !Y REF] TO ,COMRADE ,L59 & ,COMRADE ,/AL9 9 ! SAME BREA?4 ,!RE IS NO COMP>ISON BETWE5 ! TWO M5 & IT IS P]FECTLY CLE> FROM !IR RECORDS ?AT !RE WAS NO SYMPA?Y BETWE5 !M4 ,! MANTLE ( ,L59 HAS NOT FALL5 UPON ,/AL9 ANY MORE ?AN ! MANTLE ( ,JESUS HAS FALL5 UPON ! ,POPE ( ,ROME4 ,ON ! O!R H& ,L59 WAS NOT ! UNCOMPROMIS+ REVOLUTION>Y & ,/AL9 IS NOT ! P]FECT ,COMMUNI/ ANTI-,*RI/4 ,! DIIF]5CE BETWE5 ! P>TS PLAY$ BY !SE TWO M5 IS EXPLA9ABLE P>TLY 9 ! T]MS ( !IR DI/9CT G5IUS1 BUT IT IS CQUALLY EXPLA9ABLE ALSO 9 ! DIFF]5T CIRCUM/ANCES ?AT CONFRONT$ !M4 

,9 ! TIME ( ,L59 ! PECULI> EQUILIBRIUM :I* PREVAIL$ 9 ! CAPITALI/ WORLD OPPOS$ ! CAPITALI/ ANXI\S TO FI<T BUT 9CAPABLE ( VICTORY1 TO ! COMMUNI/ 9CAPABLE ( FI<T+ BUT UNCONV9C$ ( DEFEAT4 ,! =EIGN CAPITALI/ DID TRY TO OV]?R[ ! ,SOVIETS BETWE5 #aiah & #a#i#b#a4 ,:ITE ADV5TUR]S W]E F9ANC$ BY ! ,BRITI% ,GOV]NM]IT & HONOR$ BY ! ,BRITI% K+4 ,BUT ! ,:ITE ADV5TURE DID NOT GO V]Y F>1 = ! REVOLUTION>Y PEASANTS & WORK]S ( ,RUSSIA W]E TOO DET]M9$ 9 !IR RESI/ANCE TO SU* ALI5 9VASIONS1 & ! 9T]NATIONAL PROLET>IAT WAS CONV9C$ ?AT ,SOVIET ,RUSSIA WAS ! ,WORK]S' ,FA!RL&4 ,! CAPITALI/ CLASS F\ND IT WAS 9CAPABLE ( A*IEV+ ! TASK IT HAD SET ITSELF2 NAMELY ! OV]?R[ ( ! SOCIAL REVOLUTION 9 ,RUSSIA4 ,! 9T]NATIONAL PROLET>IAT DISCOV]$ IT C\LD NOT OV]?R[ ! CAPITALI/ WORLD \TSIDE ( ,RUSSIA4 ,& SO IT CAME AB\T ?AT ,SOCIALI/ ,RUSSIA1 DEVELOP+ ITS [N G]MS ( ANTI-,SOCIALISM1 LIV$ SIDE BY SIDE ) AN EXT]NAL CAPITALI/ WORLD1 ?AT CONTA9$ ITS [N G]MS ( ,SOCIALISM & REVOLUTION4 ,! COMMUNI/S GREW TIR$ & ) ! 9T]NAL /RUGGLE DEVELOP$ 9TO TIR$ BUREAUCRATS4 ,! CAPITALI/S GREW TIR$ & FAC+ !IR [N PROBLEMS ( ! ECONOMIC DEBACLE TURN$ FROM MILIT>ISM TO DIPLOMACY4 ,UND] !SE CIRCUM/ANCES1 UNLESS ! WORK+-CLASS C\LD DEVELOP A SPIRIT ( REVOLUTION>Y AGGRESSION1 IT WAS 9EVITABLE ?AT CAPITALI/ /ABILIZATION W\LD \T/RIP ,SOCIALI/ REVOLUTION & ! C\NT]-REVOLUTION W\LD DEVELOP ITSELF 9 ,RUSSIA NOT ) ! AID ( ! BAYONET BUT ?R\< ! P[] ( ECONOMY4 ,IT WAS UND] PRESSURE ( !SE EV5TS ?AT ,L59 DEVELOP$ HIS ,NEW ,ECONOMIC ,POLICY1 A POLICY :I*1 ON HIS [N CONFESSION1 HE 9T5D$ TO 9TRODUCE NOT 9 #a#i#b#a1 BUT 9 #a#i#a#h4 

,L59'S SPEE* TO ! ,9T]NATIONAL ,COMMUNI/ ,CONGRESS1 #a#i#b#a1 WAS PUBLI%$ 9 ! ,COMMUNI/ ,REVIEW1 ,LONDON1 = ,AUGU/1 #a#i#b#a4 ,! REPORT WAS V]BATIM4 ,! SPEE* WAS DIVID$ 9TO F\R P>TS 3 7#a7 ,9T]NATIONAL ,SITUATION2 7#b7 ,POSITION 9 ,RUSSIA2 7#c7 ,! ,NEW ,POLICY T[>DS ,PEASANTS2 7#d7 ,RUSSIA & ! ,WORD ,REVOLUTION4 ,\R CONC]N IS ) P>T #c1 9 :I* ,L59 DESCRIB$ ! ,NEW ,POLICY T[>DS ! PEASANTS4 ,HE DEF9$ ?IS POLICY AS 0 A PROLET>IAN SACRIFICE = ! ,REVOLUTION 0' & DECL>$ ?AT IT IMPLI$ A SY/EM ( ,/ATE ,CAPITALISM4 ,HE ADD$ 3 

0 ,BUT ?IS IS A NEW =M ( CAPITALISM -- ,/ATE ,CAPITALISM4 ,/ATE ,CAPITALISM 9 A CAPITALI/ SOCIETY1 & ,/ATE ,CAPITALISM 9 A PROLET>IAN ,SOCIETY >E TWO 5TIRELY DIFF]5T ?+S4 ,9 ! FIR/ CASE1 IT MEANS ?AT ,CAPITALISM IS CONTROLL$ & RECOGNIZ$ 9 ! 9T]E/S ( ! B\RGEOISIE & AGA9/ ! PROLET>IAT4 ,9 ! SECOND CASE1 IT IS PROMOT+ ! 9T]E/S ( ! PROLET>IAT 444 WE EXI/ 9 ! MID/ ( CAPITALI/ ,/ATES4 ,WE >E ALONE JU/ N[1 & UNTIL ! REVOLUTION 9 HI<LY DEVELOP$ 9DU/RIAL C\NTRIES HAS FRE$ US FROM ?IS1 WE >E COMPELL$ TO PAY TOLL TO 9T]NATIONAL CAPITALISM4 ,WE WILL ?US W9 TIME2 & ?IS MEANS W9N+ EV]Y?+40 

,:E!R ,L59 WAS RI<T OR WRONG 9 HIS DEVELOPM5T ( ! ,N4,E4,P4 IT IS C]TA9 ?AT HIS CONCLUSIONS W]E WRONG4 ,! ,N4,E4,P4 DID NOT GIVE TIME TO ,SOVIET ,RUSSIA BUT IT DID GIVE TIME TO ! C\NT]-REVOLUTION4 ,ADDRESS+ ! ,MOSC[ ,SOVIET 9 #a#i#b#b1 ,L59 DECL>$ ?AT 0 WE HAVE DRAGG$ ,SOCIALISM 9TO EV]YDAY LIFE10 & HE ADD$ ! PROPHECY3 0 ,RUSSIA ( ,N4,E4,P4 WILL BECOME ,SOCIALI/ ,RUSSIA40 ,?IS WAS PREP>+ ! WAY = ! ,/AL9 GOSPEL ( 0 ,SOCIALISM 9 ,ONE ,C\NTRY 0 & F9ALLY = ! DEFEAT ( ,SOVIET ,RUSSIA & ! 5TR5*M5T ( ! C\NT]-REVOLUTION 9 ! SOCALL$ ,SOCIALI/ ,FA!RL&4 ,IT DOES NOT FOLL[ ?AT ,L59ISM W\LD HAVE BECOME ,/AL9ISM4 ,IT DOES NOT FOLL[ ?AT ,L59'S POLICY W\LD HAVE BE5 ,/AL9'S POLICY4 ,BUT ONE IS JU/IFI$ 9 CONCLUD+ ?AT ,L59ISM WAS NOT ID5TICAL ) ,SOCIALISM & ?AT IT DID CONTA9 )9 ITSELF ?OSE G]MS ( M5ACE :I* HAVE S9CE /AGG]$ EV]Y ?9K+ REVOLUTIONI/ AS ! FULLY-MATUR$ ,ROBESPI]REAN POLICY1 ,/AL9ISM4 

,9 ,RUSSIA TO-DAY ONE HAS A POLICE SY/EM & ALSO A SY/EM ( POLITICAL P]SECUTION :I* PROBABLY EXCELS ?AT ( ! ,CZ>DOM & IS SECOND ONLY TO ?AT ( ,FASCISM1 AS EXPRESS$ 9 ! REGIMES ( ,ITALY & ,G]MANY4 ,:]EAS ,FASCISM OP]ATES NATIONALLY1 ,/AL9ISM OP]ATES 9T]NATIONALLY2 & UND] ! GUISE ( PROLET>IAN REVOLUTION1 ?AT ,HITL] & ,MUSSOL9I C\LD NEV] ASSUME1 EXCOMMUNICATES ) A RU?LESS ZEAL ?AT HAS BE5 EQUAL$ ONLY BY ! ,PAPACY 9 ITS M$IEVAL PRIME4 

,P]SECUTION & EXCOMMUNICATION BEGAN 9 #a#i#b2 & TO PUT ASIDE ! P]SECUTION ( ! ,AN>*I/S1 & !IR UNJU/IFIABLE IMPRISONM5T & EXILE )\T TRIAL1 !RE IS ON RECORD ! P]SECUTION ( ,MJASNIKOV & HIS ,BOL%EVIK ,ANTI-,P>LIAM5T>IAN COMRADES :I* DATE BACK TO ?AT TIME4 ,:ATEV] MAY HE SAID AB\T ! ,AN>*I/ POSSESS+ A PETTY PEASANT PSY*OLOGY & BE+ !RE=E 9CL9$ TO C\NT]-REVOLUTION1 IT CANNOT BE D5I$ ?AT ,MJASNIKOV & HIS COMRADES W]E OLD ,BOL%EVIKS & HAD F\<T AS ,BOL%EVIKS 9 ! ,BOL%EVIK UPRIS+4 ,IT WAS NOT UNTIL ,TROTSKY HIMSELF WAS 9 EXILE ?AT HE FELT ! NE$ TO ASSI/ ,MJASNIKOV :O WAS EXP]I5C+ A WORSE EXILE4 ,BUT ,MJASNIKOV'S FIR/ IMPRISONM5T & EXILE MET ) NO PROTE/ FROM ,TROTSKY :O WAS !N AT ! HEI<T ( HIS P[] AS ,COMMISS> ( ,W> & C\LD NEV] HAVE ANTICIPAT$ ! FATE ?AT AFT]W>DS OV]TOOK HIM2 ?AT IS1 NOT UNLESS HE RECALL$ AS W>N+S ! EV5TS ( ! ,FR5* ,REVOLUTION4 

,PASS+ OV] ! 9T]V5+ YE>S1 IT MAY HELP US TO UND]/& ! REAL ISSUES 9 ! ,SOVIET ,UNION1 IF WE CONSID] ! ,KIROV ASSASS9ATION & ! EXECUTIONS ?AT FOLL[$ IT4 ,FOLL[+ ! ASSASS9ATION ( ,KIROV #aag PEOPLE W]E EXECUT$ )\T PUBLIC TRIAL & ! ,*IEF ( ,POLICE & SEV]AL ( HIS (FIC]S W]E S5T5C$ TO LONG YE>S ( IMPRISONM5T TO BE S]V$ 9 CONC5TRATION CAMPS NOT = BE+ P>TIES TO ! ASSASS9ATION BUT = NOT HAV+ BE5 ABLE TO PREV5T IT4 ,IF SU* BRUTAL & BLOODY T]RORISM HAD TAK5 PLACE UND] ! ,CZ> ! ,SOCIALI/ MOVEM5T ( ! WORLD W\LD HAVE RIS5 9 PROTE/4 

,IT IS NOT POSSIBLE TO BELIEVE ?AT ! GR\P :O ASSASS9AT$ ,KIROV WAS A ,:ITE ,GU>D ,T]RORI/ GR\P4 ,NEI!R IS !RE ANY REASON TO BELIEVE ?AT ! ASSASS9ATION ( ,KIROV WAS ! WORK ( ,Z9OVIEV & ,KAM5EV & ! ,BOL%EVIK OPPOSITION4 ,VICTIMS ( A FALSE TRIAL !SE TWO OLD ,BOL%EVIKS & CLOSE COLLEAGUES ( ,L59 DUR+ YE>S ( /RUGGLE & EXILE1 W]E MADE BY ! UP/>T HIREL+S ( ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY1 BY M5 :O HAD NOT A T5? ( !IR CULTURE OR REVOLUTION>Y EXP]I5CE1 TO APPE> AS CRIM9AL IMBECILES4 :O KN[+ ?AT !Y W]E GO+ 9TO IMPRISONM5T & EXILE -- & DEA?1 AS IT PROV$ F9ALLY -- MADE /AGE SPEE*ES ADMITT+ !IR RESPONSIBILITY & T]M+ ! ASSASS9ATION CRIM9AL C\NT]-REVOLUTION4 ,!RE WAS NEV] ! LEA/ EVID5CE ?AT ,Z9OVIEV & ,KAM5EV1 ) !IR CLE> UND]/&+ ( ,SOCIALI/ PR9CIPLES & PA/ ATTITUDE T[>DS ASSASS9ATION HAD BE5 P>TIES TO A PLOT AGA9/ ! LIFE ( ANY MEMB] ( ! ,/AL9I/ BUREAUCRACY4 

,! P]SONS :O W]E IMPLICAT$1 ACCORD+ TO ! ,/AL9I/ BUREAUCRACY1 9 ! ASSASS9ATION ( ,KIROV MU/ HAVE BE5 BETWE5 ! AGES ( #ac & #ah AT ! TIME (' ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION & !RE=E HAD NO REAL CONNECTION ) ! ,BOL%EVIK ,OPPOSITION4 ,NOR W]E !Y CONNECT$ ) ! ,:ITE ,GU>DS4 ,!Y W]E KN[N TO BE WORK]S & W]E NATIVE ,RUSSIANS4 ,MANY ( ! P]SONS EXECUT$ HAD NO?+ :ATEV] TO DO ) ! SMALL GR\P ?AT MU/ HAVE PLANN$ ! ASSASS9ATION1 SOME ACTUALLY HAV+ BE5 9 PRISON AT ! TIME ( ! ASSASS9ATION4 ,IT IS OBVI\S1 !RE=E1 ?AT AL?\< ! ASSASS9ATION ( ,KIROV MAY HAVE BE5 ! RESULT ( A PROTE/ AGA9/ SOME ( ! CRIMES ( ,/AL9ISM1 ! ASSASS9ATION WAS SEIZ$ UPON AS A PRETEXT TO SUPPRESS WORK+-CLASS /RUGGLE & ! BUILD+ ( A WORK+-CLASS MOVEM5T 9 ,RUSSIA4 ,:AT ,/AL9ISM FE>S IS ! RISE ( A G5U9E ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY 9 ,RUSSIA & LIKE ALL DESPOTISM IT MU/ MURD] ?\<T AT ALL CO/ & AT :ATEV] PRETEXT IT CAN DISCOV]4 ,IT IS A GREAT PITY ?AT ,AZEF ! NOTORI\S IS DEAD4 ,HE W\LD HAVE F\ND A BOON COMPANION 9 ,/AL9 & W\LD HAVE BE5 MORE COMPLETELY AT HOME UND] ! PRES5T POLICE REGIME 9 ,RUSSIA ?AN HE WAS UND] ?AT ( ! ,CZ>4 

,! ,TROTSKYI/S COMP>E ! FAKE TRIAL ( ,Z9OVIEV & ,KAM5EV1 & 9 P>TICUL> ! SECRET CONDEMNATION ( ! #aag M5 :O W]E EXECUT$ )\T ANY PRET5SE ( A TRIAL1 ) ! TRIAL ( ! LEAD]S ( ! ,SOCIAL ,REVOLUTION>Y P>TY 9 ! SUMM] ( #a#i#b#b4 ,?IS WAS 9 ! DAYS ( ,L59 & ,TROTSKY4 ,!SE LEAD]S W]E *>G$ ) RESPONSIBILITY = AN ORGANIZ$ CAMPAIGN ( T]RORISM & SABOTAGE4 ,! TRIAL TOOK PLACE 9 ! =M] ,HALL ( ! ,NOBLES1 AT ?AT TIME ! HEADQU>T]S ( ! ,MOSC[ ,TRADE ,UNIONS4 ,MASS PUBLICITY WAS GIV5 TO ALL ! ACTIONS ( ! DEF5DANTS4 ,! ACCUS$ W]E ALL[$ =EIGN ,C\NSEL1 ONE BE+ ,V&]VELDE4 ,! ACCUS$ W]E CONVICT$ ( ! ASSASS9ATION ( ,VOLAD>SKY1 ( AN ATTEMPT ON ! LIFE ( ,L591 & ( DYNAMIT+ BRIDGES4 ,! DEA? S5T5CE WAS PASS$ BUT COMMUT$ TO P]IODS ( IMPRISONM5T4 ,TROTSKY APPE>$ BE=E ! ,EXECUTIVE ,COMMITTEE ( ! ,COMMUNI/ ,9T]NATIONAL & ASK$ ?AT BODY TO APPROVE ( ?IS COMMUTATION4 

,! ,TROTSKYI/S ASK :Y DID ?IS TAKE PLACE AT ! TRIAL ( ! ,SOCIAL ,REVOLUTIONI/S 9 #a#i#b#b1 & :Y WAS !RE SO MU* SPE$ &' SECRECY 9 ! CASE ( ! #aag 9 ,JANU>Y1 #a#i#c#e4 ,! ANSW] IS OBVI\S4 ,A MASS TRIAL W\LD HAVE %[N ?AT !RE W]E NO ,CZ>I/ G5]ALS1 NO ,BRITI% AG5TS1 NO HI<-PRIC$ SABOTEURS ON TRIAL1 BUT PLA9 WORK]S & =M] MEMB]S ( ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY4 ,! MASS TRIAL W\LD HAVE BR\<T \T ! FACT ?AT ! ,SOVIETS W]E NO LONG] ORGANS ( PROLET>IAN DEMOCRACY1 ?AT ! ,TRADE ,UNIONS W]E M]ELY ORGANS ( ,/ATE OPPRESSION & NOT DEF5SIVE ORGANIZATIONS ( ! WORK+-CLASS1 ?AT ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY EXI/$ 9 NAME ONLY AS A MASK = AN 9SUFF]ABLE BUREAUCRATIC DESPOTISM4 ,! MASS TRIAL W\LD HAVE DEMON/RAT$ ! BANKRUPTCY ( ,COMMUNISM 9 ,RUSSIA & ! DESP]ATE 9SOLV5CY ( ! ,COMMUNI/ ,9T]NATIONAL4 ,A MASS TRIAL 9 OP5 ,C\RT1 UND] ! GL>E ( FULL PUBLICITY W\LD HAVE EVOK$ PROLET>IAN SYMPA?Y = ! P]SONS ACCUS$1 & HATR$ = ! MASQU]AD]S :O W]E PROSECUT+ & JUDG+4 

,ALL ?IS IS P]FECTLY TRUE1 BUT A FUR!R D$UCTION FOLL[S 3 :I* IS1 ?AT :IL/ ! ,SOVIET ,REPUBLIC PUBLICLY TRI$ ! ,SOCIAL ,REVOLUTIONI/S 9 #a#i#b#b1 IT SECRETLY CONDEMN$ ! ,ANTI-,P>LIAM5T>IANS & ! ,AN>*I/S4 ,MI<T WE NOT !RE=E DRAW A P>ALLEL BETWE5 ! SECRET CONDEMNATIONS ( #aibb & ! SECRET CONDEMNATIONS ( #a#i#c#e8 ,& IF ?AT IS SO MI<T WE NOT SAY ?AT ,L59ISM LEAD TO ,/AL9ISM 8 

,:5 ONE CONSID]S ?AT ! EXI/+ ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY HAS ONE SOLE PURPOSE1 ! UNPR9CIPL$ DEF5SE ( ! PRES5T GOV]NM5T ( ! ,SOVIET ,REPUBLIC1 & ?AT ITS (FICIAL =EIGN POLICY IS DE/9$ TO SECURE RECOGNITION ( ?AT GOV]NM5T BY ALL ! CAPITALI/ NATIONS ( ! E>?1 ONE UND]/&S ?AT ! EXI/+ ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY ( ! ,SOVIET ,UNION /&S NOT = ,COMMUNISM EI!R 9 ,RUSSIA OR \TSIDE1 BUT = ! /ABILIZATION ( CAPITALISM ?R\<\T ! WORLD4 ,:I* ONLY GOES TO %[ ?AT ,SOVIET ,RUSSIA IS NOT1 & NEV] WAS1 ! ,SOCIALI/ ,FA!RL&4 

O ,*APT] #ac 3 ,COMMUNISM 9 ,U4,S4,A4 

,JU/ AFT] ! ,FRANCO-,PRUSSIAN ,W> ( #a#h#g1 ,M>X REASON$ 3 

0 ,G]MANY WILL BECOME A =MIDABLE RIVAL ( ,5GL&1 BUT ! ,FR5* B\RGEOISIE1 DI/RU/+ ,5GL&1 WILL SEEK AN ALLIANCE ) ,RUSSIA4 ,FR5* LOANS WILL DEVELOP ISL&S ( ,CAPITALISM 9 ! SEA ( ,RUSSIAN FEUDALISM1 BUT IF & :5 ,EUROPEAN W> COMES1 NEI!R ,RUSSIAN ,CAPITALISM NOR ITS CURRUPT FEUDALISM WILL BE /RONG 5\< TO SURVIVE ! %OCK4 ,P[] WILL PASS TO ! WORK]S & PEASANTS1 ) ! POSSIBILITY ( ! REVOLUTION>Y ELEM5TS GIV+ ! NEXT IMPORTANT IMPULSE TO SOCIAL ADVANCE40 

,?IS WAS A WOND]FUL PROPHECY1 BAS$1 ( C\RSE1 UPON KN[L$GE1 AS ALL PROPHECY & VISION IS4 ,IT IS A PITY ?AT ! IMPORTANT IMPULSE TO SOCIAL ADVANCE GIV5 BY ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION WAS NOT SU/A9$4 

,L591 AS A FAI?FUL ,M>XI/1 9 ! FIR/ DAYS ( ! ,?IRD ,9T]NATIONAL1 NOT)/&+ HIS AMAZ+ COMPROMISES1 DID EXPECT ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION TO BE ! REAL 9SPIR] ( WORLD REVOLUTION & ! V]Y C5T] ( PROLET>IAN ?\<T & ACTION4 ,HE DECL>$ ) F]VOR ?AT LIFE ITSELF WAS ) ! ,COMMUNI/ ,9T]NATIONAL1 & ?AT AL?\< ! ,COMMUNI/S ( ! ,SOVIET ,UNION MI<T MAKE MI/AKES1 ALL REVOLUTIONI/S 9 ! WORLD W\LD HAVE TO JO9 IT4 ,IF ?IS F]V5T AV[AL SEEM$ TO BE TRUE :5 ,L59 MADE IT1 IT MU/ FOLL[ ?AT ! ,?IRD ,9T]NATIONAL DEVELOP$ ALONG L9ES NOT 9T5D$ OR SUSPECT$ AT ! TIME4 ,EV5 9 #aib IT WAS OBVI\S TO MANY ,ANTI-,P>LIAM5T>IANS ?AT !RE WAS NO PLACE 9 ! ,?IRD ,9T]NATIONAL = G5U9E REVOLUTIONI/S4 ,EA* SUCCE$+ YE> PROV$ ?AT ! HI/ORIC FUNCTION ( ! ,?IRD ,9T]NATIONAL WAS TO REPUDIATE /EADILY ! WORLD REVOLUTIONI/ & TO JU/IFY JAIL+S & EXILES ?AT NO REVOLUTIONI/ CAN DEF5D OR EXCUSE4 ,IT IS NOT ?AT ! ,?IRD ,9T]NATIONAL MADE MI/AKES4 ,! ]RORS ( ! ,COM9T]N W]E NOT MI/AKES BUT CALCULATIONS4 ,! 5TIRE ORGANIZATION WAS ! CRIM9AL C\NT]-REVOLUTION>Y AFT]MA? ( GLORI\S & TRIUMPHANT 9SURRECTION4 

,CRIM9AL C\NT]-REVOLUTION SPREAD \T ITS T5TACLES FROM ,MOSC[ & GRASP$ & CRU%$ ! ,SOCIALI/ OR ,COMMUNI/ MOVEM5T 9 EV]Y CIVILIZ$ C\NTRY4 ,! RECORD ( ITS DISA/] WAS MEASUR$ NOT M]ELY BY ! CORRUPTION ( ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY BUT BY ! EVOLUTION ( ! ,COMMUNI/ ,OPPOSITION & BY ! CONT9U\S EXPULSIONS ?AT S]V$ AS SO MANY MILE-/ONES4 ,BY 0 ,OPPOSITIONS 0 ! READ] MU/ NOT UND]/& ! V>I\S ,ANTI-,P>LIAM5T>Y SECTIONS1 SOME ( !M CONCEIV$ BE=E ! ,COMMUNI/ LNT]NATIONAL1 & O!RS DEF9ITELY EM]G+ FROM ITS RANKS4 ,! WORD 0 ,OPPOSITION 0 IS LIMIT$ 9 ITS APPLICATION TO ?OSE ELEM5TS 9 ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY1 :O W]E COMPELL$ TO =M FACTIONS 9 DEF5SE ( !IR PR9CIPLES2 :O REG>D$ !MSELVES AS HAV+ TO R5D] ALLEGIANCE TO ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY DESPITE !IR FACTIONAL PR9CIPLES 2 :O WANT$ TO RE=M ! ,?IRD ,9T]NATIONAL FROM )91 & W]E EXCLUD$ AGA9/ !IR WI%ES & FROM ! LOGIC ( EV5TS4 ,9 ! 5D1 !SE 0 OPPOSITIONS 0 DISSOCIAT$ !MSELVES FROM ! ,COM9T]N & ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY ( ! ,SOVIET ,UNION ) TREM5D\S RELUCTANCE4 ,! CANT PHRASE ( ABUSE 9 CONNECTION ) !SE SECTIONS WAS ! *>GE ( 0 ,TROTSKYISM10 :I* HAD MU* ! SAME SIGNIFICANCE 9 PO/-REVOLUTION ,MOSC[ CIRCLES AS ! WORD 0 9FIDEL 0 HAD TO ! CRUSAD+ ,*RI/IAN OR ! ,MOHAMM$AN1 & ! WORD 0 ,AN>*I/ 0 TO ! PRE-W> ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRAT4 ,SOMETIMES ,TROTSKYISM WAS US$ AS ! C\NT]-*>GE AGA9/ ! ,/AL9I/S BY C]TA9 SECTIONS ( ! ,RI<T ,W+1 BUT F9ALLY ALL E,IEM5TS ( OPPOSITION ?AT W]E NOT PREP>$ TO RETURN TO ! ,/AL9I/ FOLD TOOK ON SOME PHASE ( ,TROTSKYISM 2 & ,TROTSKYISM AT LA/ LIQUIDAT$ ITSELF 9 A SEMI-CRITICAL & FANTA/IC MILIT>I/ LOYALISM ( ! SECOND WORLD W>4 ,?IS COMPLET$ ! CIRCLE ( PO/ ,RUSSIAN REVOLUTION>Y ?\<T :I* LEFT ! ,REVOLUTION ( ! WORLD'S PROLET>IAT TO PURSUE ITS [N ?\<T AS ?\< ! GREAT ,BOL%EVIK ,REVOLUTION WAS SOME ALI5 EPISODE =EIGN TOO ! REAL /RUGGLE ( ! WORLD'S PROLET>IAT OR SOME VILLAGE 9CID5T F> REMOV$ FROM ! G5]AL EVOLUTION ( PROLET>IAN /RUGGLE4 

,TROTSKYISM & 9T]NAL P>TY ,OPPOSITION CAME 9TO EXI/5CE :5 ! ,5L>G$ ,EXECUTIVE MEET+ ( ! ,ELEV5? ,SESSION ( ! ,COMMUNI/ ,9T]NATIONAL MET AT ,MOSC[ ON ,APRIL #b#cRD1 #a#i#b#e1 TO =MALLY D5\NCE ,TROTSKYISM4 ,NO ONE DEF5D$ ,TROTSKY'S POSITION1 & AT ! CONCLUSION ( ! PROCE$+S1 ,BU*>9 WAS GREET$ ) APPLAUSE1 :5 HE =MALLY CLOS$ ! 0 DISCUSSION 0 6 ,BU*>9 PREP>$ ! WAY = HIS [N EXPULSION & LAT] EXECUTION4 ,!RE COMM5C$ A SY/EM ( H]ESY-HUNT+ AMONG ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TIES ( ! WORLD1 :I* R$UC$ ,/AL9ISM TO AN ABSURDITY & ELEVAT$ ,TROTSKYISM 9TO A MAGNIFIC5T H]ESY4 ,AS1 ! EXPULSIONS 9CREAS$1 ! FACTIONS1 F9ANCIALLY WEAK1 BUT 9TELLECTUALLY /RONG1 =M$ !MSELVES 9TO ! ,9T]NATIONAL ,LEFT ,OPPOSITION4 ,O!R FACTIONS ACCUS$ ( ,TROTSKYISM1 & C\NT] ACCUS+ ! ,/AL9I/S ( ! SAME (F5SE1 =M$ ! ,9T]NATIONAL ,COMMUNI/ ,OPPOSITION4 ,9 #a#i#c#b1 WE F9D !SE FACTIONS BR\<T TOGE!R = DISCUSSION1 ) ! RESULT ?AT ! ,9T]NATIONAL ,COMMUNI/ ,OPPOSITION BECAME ! ,9T]NATIONAL ,LEFT ,OPPOSITION4 ,?REAT5+ TO BECOME A G5U9E MOVEM5T1 ! ,TROTSKYI/ MOVEM5T DECL>$ = A ,F\R? ,9T]NATIONAL :I* HAD BE5 PIONE]$ BY ,ANTI-,P>LIAM5T>IANS4 ,REP5T+ ( ITS BOLDNESS1 IT RETREAT$ AT ! 5D ( #a#i#c#d1 & L9K$ ITSELF UP ) ! ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRACY1 ?AT ,BOL%EVISM HAD PRET5D$ TO OPPOSE = SO MANY YE>S1 BUT ( :I* IT WAS ACTUALLY AN 9TEGRAL P>T4 ,IT MU/ NOT BE CONCLUD$ ?AT ! RECORD ( ,TROTSKYISM DUR+ ?IS P]IOD ( OPPOSITION WAS WOR?LESS OR FUTILE4 ,TROTSKYISM GAVE ! WORK+-CLASS MOVEM5T AN 9VALUABLE HI/ORY ( PROLET>IAN DEVELOPM5T & SUPPLI$ AN UNANSW]ABLE COMM5T>Y ON ! DEVELOPM5T ( AN AU?ORIT>IAN BUREAUCRATIC P>TY DICTATOR%IP OV] ! WORK+-CLASS & ITS /RUGGLES4 

,BY #a#i#c#c1 ! ,COMMUNI/ MOVEM5T1 9SPIR$ BY ,MOSC[1 WAS DIVID$ 9TO ! USUAL ?REE FACTIONS ( ,LEFT1 ,RI<T & ,C5T]4 ,S9CE ! MOVEM5T HAD COLLAPS$ 9 ,EUROPE1 ! *IEF BATTLEGR\ND ( !SE GR\PS WAS ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES ( ,AM]ICA4 ,H]E !Y PROCE$$ TO LIQUIDATE !MSELVES4 

,! LEA/ RADICAL ( ! ,COMMUNI/ DIVISIONS 9 ,AM]ICA WAS ! ,LOVE/ONE GR\P4 ,ITS LEAD]1 ,JAY ,LOVE/ONE1 WAS EXPELL$ FROM ! ,C4,P4 7,U4,S4,A47 BY ORD]S ( ,MOSC[1 9 #a#i#b#i4 ,HE WAS ACCUS$ ( ,RI<T ,OPPORTUNI/ LIQUIDATION & ALSO ( TAK+ ! SAME POSITION AS ! ,TROTSKYI/S ( ! ,U4,S4,A41 ,LOVE1 ,CANNON1 ETC4 

,ACTUALLY1 ,LOVE/ONE HAD NO?+ 9 COMMON ) ,LOVE1 :O WAS CONDEMN$ AT ! #aibe ,MOSC[ ,5L>G$ ,EXECUTIVE ALREADY M5TION$4 ,AT ?IS SELECT GA!R+1 ,LOVEISM WAS DESCRIB$ AS 0 A MANIFE/ATION ( ,TROTSKYISM 9 ,AM]ICA40 ,IT WAS ADD$ ?AT 0 ,LOVE1 ! $ITOR ( \R ,G]MAN ORGAN1 ! ,VOLKS ,ZEITUNG1 SUPPORTS ,TROTSKY '9 EV]Y WAY HE CAN1' & CRITICIZES & OPPOSES ! P>TY'S WORK & 9FLU5CE AMONG ! F>M]S ( ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES40 ,ON :I* IT MAY BE COMM5T$ ?AT ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY1 AS ! AV[$ P>TY ( ! LABOR]S1 HAD NO RI<T TO BE ADDRESS+ ITSELF TO ! F>M]S ( ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES OR ANY O!R C\NTRY4 

,9 ,AUGU/1 #a#i#b#i1 ! ,E4,C4,C4,I4 AT ,MOSC[1 BY CABLE TO ! ,C4,P4 7,U4,S4,A47 9/RUCT$ ! EXPULSION ( ,B5JAM9 ,GITL[ & O!RS = ACT+ AS (FICIAL LEAD]S ( ! ,LOVE/ONE GR\P2 & ,H]B]T ,ZAM & O!RS = HAV+ SOLID>IS$ !MSELVES ) ?IS GR\P4 ,MEMB]S ( ! P>TY 9 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES W]E W>N$ 0 ?AT ANY DEF5SE ( ,LOVE/ONE ,OPPORTUNI/ OP9IONS 0 & 0ANY POLITICAL RELATIONS 5T]$ 9TO WIT? HIM0 W]E 09COMPATIBLE ) MEMB]%IP ( ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY40 ,IT WAS ADD$ 0 ?AT SU* WAV]+ ELEM5TS %\LD MAKE A DEF9ITE *OICE0 & EI!R JO9 ,LOVE/ONE 0 9 ! SWAMP ( ! R5EGADES ( ,COMMUNISM 0 OR ELSE TAKE !IR /& BY ,MOSC[4 

,H]ESY IS A RAPID GR[? 9 ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY4 ,OR?ODOX & APPLAUD$ ONE YE>1 ! A/ONI%$ COMRADE F9DS HIMSELF EXCOMMUNICAT$ & LEPR\S ! NEXT4 ,ONE DAY1 HE IS ! HI< PRIE/1 & NO ONE IS TO BE COMP>$ ) HIM = G5IUS & UND]/&+ ( ALL ! SUBTLE MEAN+S ( ,COMMUNISM & ! ,SOCIAL ,W>4 ,! NEXT DAY1 HE IS A V]ITABLE IGNORAMUS1 AN ILLIT]ATE1 AN IMPOSSIBLE ASSOCIATE :O KN[S NO?+ ( ,COMMUNISM1 NEV] WILL KN[ ANY?+ ( ,COMMUNISM1 & NEV] DID KN[ ANY?+ ( ,COMMUNISM4 ,HE IS NOT M]ELY AN IMBECILE BUT A PR$E/9$ IMBECILE1 PROCE$+ FROM ! CRADLE TO ! GRAVE ALONG A FATAL PA? ( PR$ET]M9$ IGNORANCE4 

,ONLY ! YE> BE=E HIS EXPULSION1 ,JAY ,LOVE/ONE HAD BE5 ! ,EXECUTIVE ,SECRET>Y ( ! ,WORK]S 7,COMMUNI/7 ,P>TY4 ,HIS WRIT+S W]E ADV]TIS$ 9 ! ,AM]ICAN ,DAILY ,WORK] AS ! PURE WORD ( ,L59ISM ?US 3 

0,A,M,],I,C,A ,P,R,E,P,>,E,S ,! ,N,E,X,T ,W,>4 

0,BY ,J,A,Y ,L,O,V,E,/,O,N,E4 

0 ,! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES IS PREP>+ = ANO!R W>4 ,:Y80 

,H]E FOLL[$ ! /ATEM5T ( ! DIFF]5T *APT]S ON ! ROLE ( ,AM]ICAN ,IMP]IALISM2 ,UNIT$ ,/ATES V]SUS ,GREAT ,BRITA92 ! ,ROLE ( ,RE=MISM 2 & ( ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY1 ETC4 ,! ANN\NCEM5T 

ADD$ 3 -- 

0 ,?IS PAMPHLET %\LD BE 9 ! H&S ( EV]Y WORK] 9T]E/$ 9 A CLE> ANALYSIS ( ,AM]ICA TO-DAY & ! ATTITUDE ( ! ,WORK]S' ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY T[>DS ! COM+ W>40 

,AS REG>DS ,GITL[1 ! SAME ,DAILY ,WORK] = ,NOVEMB] #cRD1 #d?1 & #e?1 #a#i#b#h1 ADVIS$ US :AT A GREAT REVOLUTION>Y FIGURE' HE WAS4 ,WE >E TOLD ?AT 05?USIASM & MASS SOLID>ITY GREET$ ,B5JAM9 ,GITL[1 ,COMMUNI/ ,VICE-,PRESID5TIAL C&IDATE10 AT ,NEW ,B$=D4 ,HE RECEIV$ 0AN 5?USIA/IC OVATION0 & WAS MET ) 0! S++ ( ! ,9T]NATIONAL40 ,! TIDBIT FOLL[S 3 0A NUMB] ( WORK+ WOM5 BR\<T A B\QUET ( FL[]S :I* !Y HAD GA!R$40 

,BIG HEAD+S DISPLAY$ RI<T ACROSS ! FRONT PAGE ( ! ,DAILY ,WORK] 9=M US3 

0#b1 ,9 ,N4,Y4 ,R,$ ,E,L,E,C,T,I,O,N ,R,A,L,L,Y ,A,T ,G,>,D,53 0,F,O,/,] ,& ,G,I,T,L,[ ,H,E,A,D #b#e1 ,9 ,G,I,A,N,T ,P,>,A,D,E40 

,SUB-HEAD+S READ 3 

0,W,O,R,K,],S ,H,A,I,L ,C,O,M,M,U,N,I,/ ,N,O,M,9,E,E,S ,A,T ,H,U,G,E ,M,E,E,T4 

0,T,W,5,T,Y-,M,9,U,T,E ,O,V,A,T,I,O,N ,G,R,E,E,T,S ,F,O,/,] ,& 0,G,I,T,L,[3 ,W,O,R,K,],S ,A,C,C,L,A,I,M ,R,$ ,P,R,O,G,R,A,M40 

,! LETT]PRESS EXPLA9$ ?AT1 ON ,SUNDAY1 ,NOVEMB] #d?1 #a#i#b#h1 ,B5JAM9 ,GITL[ ) ,FO/] WAS MET ) A RO> ( MI<TY WELCOME FROM #b1 WORK]S AT A DEMON/RATION 9 ,MADISON ,SQU>E ,G>D51 ,NEW ,YORK4 ,HE RECEIV$ A ?UND]\S OVATION & F\ND HIMSELF ! C5T] ( A SEA ( SURG+ R$ SPLA%$ ) R$ PO/] SLOGANS ?AT COV]$ ! HI< >EA ( ,MADISON ,SQU>E ,G>D54 ,! AUDI5CE EXPRESS$ ITS COMMUNI/ EMOTIONS ) HORNS1 :I/LES & O!R NOISE-MAK+ APP>ATUS4 ,! 5TIRE SC5E SEEMS TO HAVE BE5 A CROSS BETWE5 ! TAK+ ( ! ,BA/ILLE & A VISIT TO ,CONY ,ISL&4 ,:5 ,GITL[ APPE>$ ON ! PLAT=M !RE WAS A TREM5D\S \TBUR/ ( COMMUNI/ *E]+1 & SO ON4 ,! PREVI\S DAY !RE HAD BE5 A HUGE DEMON/RATION FROM ,P>K ,AV5UE TO ,UNION ,SQU>E4 ,GITL[ & ,FO/] SAT 9 SEP>ATE MOTOR-C>S PLAC>D$ ) ,C4 ,P4 SLOGANS4 ,!Y SMIL$ & B[$ AT WELCOMES ( FLA%LI<TS1 %\T+ & TOOT+ ( HORNS4 ,9 ! RE> ( EA* C> TWO ,Y\NG ,COMMUNI/ ,PIONE]S /OOD AT ! SALUTE AS ! C>S FOLL[$ SL[LY ! ,R$ ,FLAG :I* HEAD$ ! L9E4 ,?IS WAS DEEM$ A GREAT EV5T AS ?IS WAS ! FIR/ TIME ?AT ! ,R$ ,FLAG1 =BIDD5 UND] ! ,LUSK ,LAWS1 HAD APPE>$ ON ! /REETS ( ,NEW ,YORK S9CE #a#i#a#i4 ,?US ! WORK]S W]E P]SUAD$1 B5EA? BIG HEADL9ES1 BY ! ,DAILY ,WORK].<I.> ?AT ,B5JAM9 ,GITL[ WAS ONE ( ! GREATE/ COMMUNI/S ! WORLD HAD KN[N4 

,! IDEA ( ,GITL['S GREATNESS WAS ! MA9 !SIS ( ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY PUBLICITY 9 ! COLUMNS ( ! .<I.>,DAILY ,WORK] = ! YE> #a#i#b#h4 ,ON ,MAY #b#h? ( ?AT YE>1 ?IS ORGAN1 :I* SUBSEQU5TLY SL&]$ ,GITL[ \T ( ALL RECOGNITION TO HIMSELF1 & EXPECT$ ITS DUPES TO BELIEVE :ATEV] IT SAID1 :E!R ITS MOOD WAS HOT OR COLD1 DECL>$ 3 -- 

0 ,B,5,J,A,M,9 ,G,I,T,L,[4 

0,BORN ,ELIZABE?PORT1 ,N4,J41 ,DEC4 #b#b1 #a#h#i#a4 ,FA!R & MO!R BO? REVOLUTION>Y ,SOCIALI/S4 ,PUBLIC S*OOL $UCATION4 ,HI< S*OOL1 ?REE YE>S4 ,HAS WORK$ 9 T9 FOIL FACTORY1 CLO?+ %OPS1 MILL9]Y FACTORIES & DEP>TM5T /ORES4 

,JO9$ ,SOCIALI/ ,P>TY1 #a#i#g4 ,PRESID5T ( ,RETAIL ,CL]KS' ,UNION ( ,NEW ,YORK1 AN ORGANIZATION ( DEP>TM5T /ORE WORK]S1 #a#i#a#c-#a#d4 ,BLACKLI/$ BY ,DEP>TM5T ,/ORE ,RETAIL ,M]*ANTS' ,ASSOCIATION4 ,MEMB] ( ! ,AMALGAMAT$ ,CLO?+ ,WORK]S ( ,AM]ICA S9CE #a#i#a#h4 ,ELECT$ TO ,NEW ,YORK LEGISLATURE ON ,SOCIALI/ TICKET4 ,ELECT$ AS ,SOCIALI/ ASSEMBLYMAN TO ! ,NEW ,YORK LEGISLATURE ON ANTI-W> PLAT=M ( #aiag -- ! ONLY ONE ( ! T5 ,SOCIALI/ ASSEMBLYM5 :O REMA9$ CONSI/5TLY ANTI-W>4 ,ACTIVELY F\<T AGA9/ ! LA/ IMP]IALI/ W>4 

,MANAG] ( ! ,NEW ,YORK 0 ,COMMUNI/10 0 ,REVOLUTION>Y ,AGE10 & 0 ,VOICE ( ,LABOR10 #a#i#a#h-#a#i4 ,MEMB] ( ! NATIONAL C\NCIL ( ! LEFT W+ ( ! ,SOCIALI/ ,P>TY 9 #a#i#a#h-#a#i4 ,HELP$ TO ORGANIZE ! ,COMMUNI/ ,LABOR ,P>TY ( ,AM]ICA1 #a#i#a#i4 

,CONVICT$ AS A ,COMMUNI/ UND] ! ,NEW ,YORK CRIM9AL SYNDICALI/ LAW 9 #aiai & W5T TO ,S+ ,S+ PRISON TO S]VE A T]MM ( FIVE YE>S40 

,GITL['S EXPULSION = SUPPORT+ ,LOVE/ONE WAS A CONSI/5T EXPRESSION ( ! ZIG-ZAG POLICY ( ,/AL9ISM4 ,! ,LOVE/ONE POLICY WAS 9/RUCT$ BY ,MOSC[ 9 #a#i#b#c1 & WAS CLAIM$ ONE YE> LAT] TO BE ! BASIS ( ! ,AM]ICAN ,P>TY'S 0 TREM5D\S SUCCESS 0 DUR+ ?AT YE>4 ,IT WAS A POLICY ?AT REQUIR$ SEV]AL YE>S' CONSECRAT$ DEVOTION = ITS SUCCESSFUL DEVELOPM5T4 ,GITL[ WAS EXPELL$ = PURSU+ IT AS A S]I\S POLICY & NOT REG>D+ IT AS A PASS+ EXP$I5T1 A M]E POLITICAL IRRITATION1 OR IMPO/URE4 

,EV]Y ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY LEAD] 9 ! ,U4,S4,A4 PURSU$ ! SAME C\RSE AS ,GITL[4 ,ONLY !Y TURN$ :5 ! ,GREAT ,BE> TOLD ITS LITTLE *ILDR5 TO TURN4 ,EXPLA9+ HIS 5?USIASM = A F>M]-LABOR P>TY1 ,W4 ,Z4 ,FO/]1 AS $ITOR1 9 ! ,LABOR ,H]ALD1 = ,M>*1 #a#i#b#c1 DECL>$ 3 0,A ,LABOR ,P>TY IS ONE ( ! MO/ VITAL NE$S ( ! ,AM]ICAN ,LABOR ,MOVEM5T40 ,! REPORT ( ! ,C5TRAL ,EXECUTIVE ,COMMITTEE TO ! ,?IRD ,NATIONAL ,CONV5TION ( ! ,WORK]S' ,P>TY1 PUBLI%$ 9 ,! ,WORK] = ,JANU>Y #a#b1 #a#i#b#d1 NAIVELY /AT$ ?AT ! ,F>M]-,LABOR POLICY WAS 0! GREATE/ /EP =W>D 0 MADE BY ! ,P>TY S9CE ITS F\NDATION1 & AV[$ ?AT ?IS WAS ! 0CORRECT0 POLICY 0 F9ALLY =MULAT$40 ,CORRECT POLICY 6 ,= MA9TA9+ :I*1 ,GITL[ WAS EXPELL$4 

,TIME HAS E/ABLI%$ ?AT ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY & ! ,?IRD ,9T]NATIONAL NEV] =MULAT$ CORRECT POLICIES 3 & ( ALL ITS POLICIES1 !1 MO/ ABSURD WAS ! ,F>M]-,LABOR POLICY4 ,IT DECL>$ ?AT ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY 9 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES1 IMM$IATELY AFT] ! ,JULY #cRD1 #a#i#b#c1 ,CONF]5CE1 0LAUN*$ A CAMPAIGN TO ASSI/ 9 ! ORGANIZATION ( ! ,F$]AT$ ,F>M]-,LABOR ,P>TY 02 ?AT ! P>TY UNITS HAD TO RAISE ?IS ISSUE 9 ALL LOCAL UNIONS1 CO-OP]ATIVES1 ETC4 2 ?AT 9 NOT 0 A S+LE 9/ANCE 0 HAD 0 A MI/AKE 0 BE5 MADE 9 ADOPT+ ?IS POLICY2 ?AT 0! ORGANIZATION ( ! ,F$]AT$ ,F>M]-,LABOR ,P>TY 0 HAD 0 GREATLY /R5G!N$ ! POSITION ( ! ,WORK]S' ,P>TY10 I4E41 ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY4 

,! REPORT ALSO SAID 3 

0 ,DUR+ ! PA/ YE> ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY 9 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES HAS BECOME A REAL POLITICAL FACTOR40 

,! TRU? IS1 ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY HAS NEV] BE5 A POLITICAL FACTOR 9 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES NOR 9 ANY O!R C\NTRY4 

,GITL[ OBVI\SLY C\LD NOT BE BLAM$ BY ! ,C4,P4 = /ICK+ TO ! ,F>M]-,LABOR P>TY !SIS4 ,HE DID SO & F\ND HIMSELF 9 A M9ORITY ( ONE 9 CONSEQU5CE4 ,DESPITE HIS /ATUS 9 ! P>TY HIS P]SI/5CY 9 ! MATT] 9VOLV$ HIS SUBSEQU5T EXPULSION4 

,)9 A YE> ( 5UNCIAT+ ! ,F>M]-,LABOR SLOGAN1 ,FO/] DECL>$ ?AT IT HAD LO/ ITS P[]4 ,HE RECEIV$ ! SUPPORT ( ! MAJORITY ( ! ,G4,E4,C4 ( ! ,AM]ICAN ,WORK]S' 7,COMMUNI/7 ,P>TY1 :O HAD DECL>$ IT TO BE A CORRECT POLICY 9 ! ANNUAL REPORT ALREADY SUMM>IZ$4 ,! ,COMMUNI/ ,9T]NATIONAL ORD]$ ! ,RU!NB]G 7,M9ORITY7 & ,FO/] 7,MAJORITY7 ,GR\PS TO WORK TOGE!R1 & REPUDIATE ! IDEOLOGY ( ,LOVE1 :OM ! ,FO/] ,GR\P HAD DEF5D$ 9 ! ,C\NCIL1 ,FO/] VOT+ = ,LOVE ?IRTY TIMES DUR+ ! ?IRTY BALLOTS TAK5 BETWE5 ,M>* #g & ,DECEMB] #a1 #a#i#b#d4 ,AT ?AT TIME ,LOVE WAS DEF5D+ ,TROTSKY'S POSITION4 

,WRIT+ 9 ! ,NEW ,YORK ,VOLKS ,ZEITUNG1 = ,JANU>Y #f1 #a#i#b#d1 ,LOVE AV]R$ ?AT AL?\< ,TROTSKY WAS 0 9 A M9ORITY 0 9 ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY1 0 9 ! 5D HE WILL PROVE TO BE RI<T40 ,YET1 :5 ,GITL[ WAS EXPELL$ HE WAS ACCUS$ ( ACT+ AS LEAD] ( A GR\P ?AT ADOPT$ ,LOVE'S POSITION 6 ,GIV+ A ,ROL& = AN ,OLIV]1 ,GITL[ RETORT$ BY D5\NC+ ! ,/AL9I/S AS 0 ,TROTSKYI/S10 & AT A LAT] DATE OPPOS$ ,LOVE/ONE'S APPROA* TO ,BR&L]1 ,AMT]1 ETC41 ON ?IS GR\ND4 

,CANNON1 AFT]W>DS ( ! ,TROTSKYI/ ,COMMUNI/ ,LEAGUE1 SUPPORT$ ! ,F>M]-,LABOR POLICY1 & ALLI$ HIMSELF ) ,PEPP]1 ! ,HUNG>IAN ,COMMUNI/1 :O PLAY$ A C\NT]-REVOLUTION>Y P>T DUR+ ! ,HUNG>IAN ,REVOLUTION4 ,AS 0 ,PEPP] 0 HE W5T TO ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES & BECAME LEAD] ( ! ,AM]ICAN ,P>TY4 ,A NOTORI\S ADV5TUR]1 HE WAS VIOL5TLY OPPOS$ TO ,TROTSKY S9CE ! ,?IRD ,CONGRESS ( ! ,COMMUNI/ ,9T]NATIONAL1 SOMETIMES POS+ AS AN 0 ULTRA-,LEFTI/10 AT O!RS AS A PURE 0 ,RI<T ,W+]40 ,HE WAS EXPELL$ FROM ! ,COMMUNI/ ,9T]NATIONAL = SUPPORT+ ,BU*>91 BUT RETURN$ TO ! ,SOVIET ,UNION AFT] HIS ,AM]ICAN ADV5TURES4 ,9 #a#i#b#e1 ,CANNON SUPPORT$ ,LOVE/ONE AGA9/ ,TROTSKY4 

,LOVE/ONE OPPOS$ ! APPLICATION TO ! ,C4,P41 ,U4,S4,A41 ( ! DECISIONS ( ! #i? ,PL5UM ( ! ,E4,C4,C4,L1 ,FEBRU>Y1 #a#i#b#h1 & ID5TIFI$ HIMSELF ) ,PEPP]4 ,AFT] ,BR&L]'S EXPULSION1 ! ,LOVE/ONE ,GR\P SUPPORT$ HIS POLICY1 & =M$ ! ,9T]NATIONAL ,COMMUNI/ ,OPPOSITION4 

,! ,COMMUNI/ ,LEAGUE ( ,AM]ICA1 OR ,TROTSKYI/ ,LEFT ,OPPOSITION1 WAS =M$ 9 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES 9 ,NOVEMB]1 #a#i#b#h4 ,! SAME MON? IT ISSU$ ITS PAP]1 ,! ,MILITANT1 :I*1 :ATEV] ONE'S CRITICISM ( ! POLITICAL HI/ORY ( ! ,COMMUNI/ ,LEAGUE MAY BE1 DES]VES TREM5D\S CR$IT = ITS CONSI/5T $UCATIONAL PROPAG&A4 ,! ,COMMUNI/ ,LEAGUE TOOK ! /& ?AT ! FIR/ F\R ,CONGRESSES ( ! ,COMMUNI/ ,9T]NATIONAL W]E V9DICAT$1 & ?AT ! ,COMMUNI/ ,9T]NATIONAL M>*$ =W>D TILL #a#i#b#c4 ,! ,COMMUNI/ ,LEAGUE DEM&$ ! RE-9/ATEM5T ( ! ,OPPOSITION & URG$ ?AT ! WORK]S ( ,EUROPE %\LD ADOPT ! SLOGAN 30,SOVIET ,UNIT$ ,/ATES ( ,EUROPE40 

,D[N TO ! CITY ELECTIONS ( ,JUNE1 #a#i#c#c1 ! ,COMMUNI/ ,LEAGUE SUPPORT$ ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY C&IDATES1 ON ! GR\ND ?AT IT WAS1 AL?\< ! ,OPPOSITION1 AN 9TEGRAL P>T ( ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY4 ,9 ,! ,MILITANT1 = ,MAY #b#g1 #a#i#c#c1 ! ,COMMUNI/ ,LEAGUE PUBLI%$ A LETT] TO ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY1 DAT$ ,MAY #a#i1 CRITICIZ+ ! P>TY 9 ,M9NEAPOLIS = MAK+ A ,UNIT$ ,FRONT ,WORK]S' ,TICKET 9/EAD ( A /RAI<T ,COMMUNI/ TICKET4 ,! ,LEAGUE PL$G$ ITS FULL SUPPORT TO ! P>TY 9 ITS CAMPAIGN1 CRITICISM NOT)/&+4 

,DUR+ ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES1 ,MUNICIPAL ELECTIONS ( #a#i#c#a1 ,! ,MILITANT C>RI$ ! SLOGAN1 0 ,VOTE ,COMMUNISM10 MEAN+ ,VOTE ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY4 ,DESPITE ! ,OPPOSITION'S EXCELL5T & 9=M+ CRITICISMS ( ,/AL9ISM1 ! ,C4,P4 PROGRAM IT SUPPORT$ WAS A MASS ( ABSURD RE=MISM1 AS IT IS EVID5C$ BY ! 0 CAMPAIGN LIT]ATURE 0 ISSU$ BY ! P>TY 2 

7#a7 ,COMMUNI/ ,ELECTION ,PROGRAM2 

7#b7 ,COMMUNI/ ,CALL TO ! ,TOIL+ ,F>M]S 2 

7#c7 ,UNEMPLOYM5T ,RELIEF & ,SOCIAL ,9SURANCE4 

,! FIR/ C>RI$ A LI/ ( OV] #f 0 IMM$IATE DEM&S10 ?AT IS1 RE=M MEASURES1 DE/9$ TO /R5G!N ! ,CAPITALI/ ,/ATE4 ,IT WAS SIMPLE ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRATIC ,P>LIAM5T>ISM4 

,FROM ! ,TOIL+ ,F>M]S PAMPHLET1 PAGE #a#a1 SUB-TITLE1 0 ,H[ TO ,GET ,BETT] ,PRICES 01 ,I SELECT ?IS GEM 3 -- 

0 ,\T ( ! MIS]Y & HUNG] ( MILLIONS ( TOIL]S ( CITY & F>M !SE MONOPILIES CO9 5ORM\S =TUNES = !MSELVES UND] ! PROTECTION ( CAPITALI/ LAW :I* MAKES PRIVATE PROP]TY & PRIVATE PR(ITS FROM TRADE SACR$4 ,ONLY :5 CAPITALISM IS OV]?R[N1 :5 ! POOR & OPPRESS$ ( CITY & C\NTRY RISE 9 UNIT$ REVOLUTION>Y ACTION AGA9/ ! ROBB] CAPITALI/ CLASS & E/ABLI% !IR [N ,WORK]S' & ,F>M]S' ,GOV]NM5T1 CAN !SE CONDITIONS BE 5D$4 ,ONLY SU* A GOV]NM5T WILL \TLAW ! ROBB]S ( ! TOIL]S & FIX PRICES SO ?AT ! CITY WORK]S PAY LESS1 & TOIL+ F>M]S GET MORE = F>M PRODUCTS40 

,9 O!R WORDS 9 ORD] ?AT ! 0 SMALL & MIDDLE F>M] 0 MI<T SECURE BETT] PRICES = PRODUCTS RAIS$ ) ANTIQUAT$ ME?ODS1 CAPITALISM MU/ BE OV]?R[N 6 ,! ,SOCIALI/ ,REPUBLIC WILL SEE TO IT ?AT ! PETTY F>M] UND] 0 ,SOCIALISM 0 RECEIVES R$UCTION 9 TAXES1 RELIEF FROM MORTGAGES1 HI<] PRICES = !IR PRODUCTS 7) HI<] WAGES = CITY WORK]S SO ?AT !IR 9CREAS$ PUR*AS+ P[] MAY 5ABLE !M TO PAY ! HI<] PRICES ASK$ BY ! PETTY F>M]S 671 ETC41 ETC4 ,BY P>ITY ( REASON+ ! PETTY CORN] GROC] & SMALL MANUFACTUR] WILL LIKEWISE SURVIVE 9 ! NEW SOCIAL SY/EM & WILL LIKEWISE BE 0 SAV$ 0 9 L9E ) ! A=EM5TION$ RECIPE4 ,WAS EV] SU* HUMBUG1 SU* REACTION>Y IMBECILITY ADVANC$8 ,ADVANC$ BRAZ5LY1 & ) 9CR$IBLE IMPUD5CE1 9 ! NAME ( ,M>XISM 6 ,& SUPPORT$ BY ! ,TROTSKYI/ ,OPPOSITION :O CRI$ 30 ,VOTE ,COMMUNI/ 0 6 

,IMM$IATELY FOLL[+ ! EXC]PT QUOT$1 WE READ 3 

0 ,! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY DEM&S ! REPEAL ( ALL SU* T>IFFS & ,9,D,I,R,E,C,T ,T,A,X,E,S ON ! POOR 9 ! 9T]E/S ( ! RI*40 

,LITTLE TIME NE$1 BE WA/$ ON ! ?IRD ( ! PAMPHLET TR9ITY 9 ! ,/AL9I/ 0 ,COMMUNI/ 0 !OLOGY1 VIZ41 0 ,UNEMPLOYM5T ,RELIEF & ,SOCIAL ,9SURANCE2 0 ,DEM&S >E MADE = A SEV5 H\R DAY1 :5 ECONOMIC DICTATES1 ! MAXIMUM REQUIR$ BE TWO OR ?REE H\RS AT ! MO/6 

,) RESPECT TO ! SPECIAL CASE ( ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES BANK DEPOSITORS1 ! ,DAILY ,WORK] 9 ITS ,ISSUE ( ,OCTOB] #b#g1 #a#i#c#a1 REPORT$ ?AT ,I4 ,AMT]1 ! !N ,C4,P4 C&IDATE = ! BOR\< PRESID5CY ( ,MANHATT51 APPE>$ BE=E A GA!R+ ( AB\T #a1 ( !SE DEPOSITORS :O HAD MET TO HE> :AT ! POLITICIANS RUNN+ = (FICE HAD TO PROMISE !M 9 ! WAY ( SECUR+ RE/ITUTION4 ,A LETT] FROM ,NORMAN ,?OMAS1 ! ,S4,P4 C&IDATE = ! BOR\< PRESID5CY1 WAS READ1 :]E91 QUITE HONE/LY1 ,?OMAS TOLD !M ) 9CR$IBLE C&OR = HIS TYPE1 ?AT ! BOR\< PRESID5CY ( ,MANHATT5 C\LD DO NO?+ AB\T BANKS1 ETC4 ,( 9T]E/1 BY CONTRA/1 WAS ,AMT]'S ,C4,P4 P]=MANCE4 ,I QUOTE ! ,DAILY ,WORK]3 

0 ,A GREAT OVATION WAS GIV5 TO ,AMT] :5 HE WAS 9TRODUC$4 ,SEV]AL TIMES DUR+ HIS SPEE* HE WAS L\DLY APPLAUD$4 ' ,NORMAN ,?OMAS SAYS 9 HIS LETT] ?AT HE DOES NOT KN[ :AT HE C\LD DO IF ELECT$ BOR\< PRESID5T4 ,! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY PL$GES TO Y\ ?AT IF ,I BE ELECT$1 ,I'LL USE ALL MY (FICIAL P[] AS BOR\< PRESID5T1 TO ORGANIZE ALL ! #d1 WORK]S & SMALL DEPOSITORS1 = A MILITANT FI<T TO GET !IR MONEY BACK1' SAID ,AMT]40 

,ONLY A ?OR\< FAKIR C\LD HAVE MADE SU* A PROMISE 6 ,?REE DAYS LAT]1 ! ,DAILY ,WORK] C>RI$ A FRONT PAGE >TICLE1 FEATUR$ ) A FIVE COLUMN SC>E-L9E HEAD+ 3 0,FI<T = ,Y\R ,BABY'S ,MILK0 6 ,! >TICLE CRITICIZ$ V>I\S EF=TS MADE BY O!R RE=M BODIES TO PURIFY ! MILK SUPPLY1 & CONCLUD$ 3 

0 ,! ISSUE IS1 BETWE5 ! MILK COMPANIES1 ( :O GETS ! PR(ITS1 ! LOOSE MILK COMPANIES1 OR ! BOTTL$ MILK TRU/4 ,BUT ?AT ISSUE IS ( NO CONC]N TO ,NEW ,YORK WORK]S4 ,:AT IS ( IMPORTANCE TO !M IS ! QUE/ION ( ,P,R,I,C,E4 ,9 ANO!R >TICLE WE WILL TAKE ?IS UP4 ,BUT H]E & N[ WE SAY3 ,D,E,M,& ,?,A,T ,M,I,L,K1 ,B,O,T,T,L,$ ,O,R ,L,O,O,S,E1 ,B,E ,S,O,L,D ,= ,N,O ,M,O,R,E ,?,A,N ,E,I,<,T ,C,5,T,S ,A ,Q,U,>,T60 

,LET ME ADMIT ?AT ! EMPHASIS IS M9E1 & LET ME ADD ?AT1 DUR+ ! CAMPAIGN MADE BY ,HILLQUIT = ! MAYORALTY ( ,NEW ,YORK ,CITY 9 #a#i#a#g1 ! 0 BURN+ ISSUE 0 WAS *EAP MILK = ! BABIES 6 ,! 0 ISSUE 0 WAS SYMBOLIZ$ BY DI/RIBUT+ BROADCA/ ADV]TIS+ MATT] 9 ! =M ( A MILK BOTTLE1 ) ! 9SCRIPTION1 0 ,FIVE C5T MILK & ,HILLQUIT10 ) ! IMPLICATION1 ( C\RSE1 ?AT IF ,HILIQUIT WAS ELECT$ MAYOR ( ,NEW ,YORK ,CITY1 MILK W\LD BE FIVE C5TS A QU>T 6 ,SO ?AT ! ,C4,P4 BACK$ BY ! ,COMMUNI/ ,LEAGUE1 WAS SOME:AT BEH9D ! TIMES 9 RESPECT TO ?IS 0 BURN+ ISSUE40 ,EV5 AS 9 !IR DEM& = A %ORT] WORK+ DAY1 !Y RAIS$ ! ,I4,W4,W4 SLOGAN ( A SIX H\R DAY TO A SEV5 H\R DAY1 SO !Y 9CREAS$ ,HILLQUIT'S PRICE ( MILK FROM FIVE C5TS TO EI<T C5TS P] QU>T4 ,TO SUPPORT :I* WAS NOT ONLY ,/AL9ISM BUT ,TROTSKYISM ALSO 6 

,! ,MILITANT ADMITT$ 9 #aicd ?AT ! ,COMMUNI/ ,LEAGUE DID NOT ATTEMPT TO CRITICIZE ! DETAILS ( ! ,C4,P4 ELECTION PLAT=M1 & REF]R$ /UD5TS TO ITS ,OCTOB] ISSUES = #aic & #a#i#c#b4 ,IT EXPLA9$ 3 

0 ?AT ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY IS ! ONLY WORK+-CLASS P>TY 9 ! FIELD1 ! ONLY REVOLUTION>Y P>TY 444 ,! ,LEFT ,OPPOSITION1 !RE=E1 RANGES ITSELF ALONGSIDE ITS P>TY1 & CALLS UPON EV]Y WORK] TO CA/ HIS VOTE = HIS P>TY1 ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY40 

,! ,COMMUNI/ ,LEAGUE TOOK ?IS /& BECAUSE IT CONSID]$ ITSELF A FACTION ( ! P>TY 6 

,FOLL[+ ON ! ,P>IS ,CONF]5CE ( ,AUGU/1 #a#i#c#c1 ,LOVE/ONE1 9 HIS ORGAN1 ,! ,WORK]S' ,AGE1 = ,SEPTEMB] #a#e?1 #a#i#c#c1 ATTACK$ ,TROTSKYISM & 0 BR&$ 0 ALL ATTACKS ON 0,SOCIALISM 9 ,ONE ,C\NTRY 0 !ORY 0 AS DANG]\S ANTI-,BOL%EVISM40 ,! ,9T]NATIONAL ,COMMUNI/ ,OPPOSITION1 & ,! ,WORK]S' ,AGE1 F\<T 0 TO LIQUIDATE ! FALSE TACTICS ( ! ,C4,I41 & NOT TO OPPOSE ! POLICY ( ! ,C4,P,S4,U4 9 ! ,SOVIET ,UNION40 ,BUT ,H4 ,ZAM1 9 ,! ,WORK]S' ,AGE1 = ,NOVEMB] #a#i#c#c1 DECL>$ = A NEW ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY 9 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES & 9 EV]Y O!R CAPITALI/ C\NTRY1 & A NEW ,COMMUNI/ ,9T]NATIONAL1 \TSIDE ! ,SOVIET ,UNION1 & EXCLUSIVE ( ANY ,RUSSIAN SECTION4 ,A V]Y S\ND ADVANCE ON ,LOVE/ONE'S POSITION4 

,UN=TUNATELY1 ,ZAM DID NOT LA/ ! DI/ANCE4 ,9 ,NOVEMB]1 #a#i#c#d1 ) ,GITL[1 HE RETURN$ TO ! ,SOCIALI/ ,P>TY4 ,! ,LEFT ,OPPOSITION OR ,COMMUNI/ ,LEAGUE ( ,AM]ICA C\LD H>DLY HAVE EXPECT$ SU* A TOTAL COLLAPSE ( ,GITL['S ,COMMUNISM1 :5 IT MADE HIM ! GUE/ ( HONOR AT ITS #e? ,YE> ,BANQUET ,CELEBRATION1 AT ! ,/UYVESANT ,CAS9O1 ,NEW ,YORK1 ON ,NOVEMB] #d?1 #a#i#c#c4 ,BUT !N1 ! ,C4,L4,A4'S [N RECORD WAS NONE TOO GOOD & ITS GREAT T5D5CY TO BANQUETS1 & ITS ASSOCIATION AT !SE BANQUETS1 W]E ALMO/ AS BAD AS ! PETTY B\RGEOIS AFFILIATIONS & 5T]TA9M5TS ( ! ,C4,P4 ITSELF4 ,AT ?IS #e? ,YE> ,BANQUET1 :I* WAS ALSO CELEBRAT$ AS ! #a#f? ,ANNIV]S>Y ( ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION1 !RE W]E PRES5T ,E4 ,SU!RL& ,BATES1 A NOT$ PUBLICI/2 ,$W>D ,L+R51 :O WAS PROM95T 9 ! E>LY DAYS ( ! ,SOCIALI/ ,LEFT ,W+ MOVEM5T & A SUPPORT] ( ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION 2 ,DIEGO ,RIV]A1 ! FAM\S >TI/2 ,SYDNEY ,HOOK1 ! ANTI-,M>XI/1 *IEF ( ! ,DEP>TM5T ( ,PHILOSOPHY AT ,NEW ,YORK ,UNIV]SITY1 :OM ,SWABECK ( ! ,C4,L4,A4 HAIL$ *E]ILY AS 0 ,COMRADE 02 & O!RS :OSE NAMES ,I HAVE OMITT$4 

,GITL[ WAS ACCOMPANI$ BY HIS AG$ MO!R1 :O REJOIC$ 9 ! HONOR PAID TO H] SON4 ,%A*TMAN EULOGIZ$ ,GITL[ & DECL>$ ?AT HE KNEW 9 #aibf ?AT A NEW ,9T]NATIONAL WAS NE$$ & ?AT HE HAD F\ND IT AT LA/4 ,IT IS A PITY ?AT1 9 VIEW ( ?IS KN[L$GE1 HIS P>TY %\LD HAVE WORK$ SO H>D TO RE=M ! #cRD ,9T]NATIONAL D[N TO ,SEPTEMB]1 #a#i#c#c4 ,GITL[ SPOKE ( ,COMMUNI/ P>TIES AS BE+ SOME?+ ?AT Y\ MU/ IMPOSE UPON ! MASSES & NOT A MOVEM5T ?AT CAME FROM !M1 = HE DECL>$ ?AT IT WAS NO USE HAV+ A GOOD P>TY UNLESS 0Y\ ATTA*$ IT TO ! MASSES40 

,! ,C4,L4,A4 WAS =M$ ON ,NOVEMB] #d?1 #a#i#b#h4 ,IT HAD A GREAT T5D5CY TO UNITY ) ! ,9TELLECTUALS1 SUPPORT$ ! ,C4,P4 PROGAMME1 & CONSORT$ ) ,GITL[ RI<T UP TO ! EVE ( HIS RETURN TO ! ,SOCIALI/ ,P>TY4 

,AFT] ! EV5TS ( ,FEBRU>Y1 #a#i#c#d1 ! MAJORITY DECISION ( ! ,FR5* ,TROTSKYI/S1 AT !IR #cRD ,NATIONAL ,CONF]5CE1 WAS ?AT !Y DID NOT HAVE ! /R5G? TO /& ALONE ANY LONG] & ?AT1 !RE=E1 !Y MU/ 5T] ! RANKS ( ! ,SOCIALI/ ,P>TY4 ,?IS MEANT ?AT FROM BE+ ! ,LEFT ,OPPOSITION TO ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY ! ,TROTSKYI/ MOVEM5T WAS N[ ! ,LEFT ,OPPOSITION TO ! ,SOCIALI/ ,P>TY4 ,FROM ! #d? ,9T]NATIONAL1 IT HAD DEG5]AT$ TO ! ADVOCACY ( ! #bND ,9T]NATIONAL4 ,ON LE>N+ ( ! DECISION ( ! ,FR5* ,TROTSKYI/ ,GR\P1 ! ,COMMUNI/ ,LEAGUE ( ,AM]ICA DECID$ TO EFFECT A SIMIL> TRANS=MATION & TO 5T] ! ,AM]ICAN ,WORK]S' ,P>TY1 PREVI\SLY ! ,PROGRESSIVE ,CONF]5CE ( ,LABOR ,ACTION4 ,BY A MAJORITY ( #h TO #a ! ,C4,L4,A4 ,NATIONAL ,COMMITTEE COMM5D$ ! C\RSE ( ! ,FR5* P>TY & BR\<T AB\T ! ,AM]ICAN M]G] ON ,DECEMB] #a/1 #a#i#c#d4 

,TRUE TO =M1 ON ,W$NESDAY1 ,JANU>Y #i?1 #a#i#c#e1 A TE/IMONIAL D9N] WAS GIV5 = ,A4 ,J4 ,MU/E1 ,NATIONAL ,SECRET>V ( ! ,WORK]S' ,P>TY1 AT ,IRV+ ,PLAZA1 ,NEW ,YORK ,CITY1 BY ! EX-MEMB]S ( ! DEFUNCT ,C4,L4,A4 ,! D9N] COMMEMORAT$ ,MU/E'S #e? BIR?DAY & ! SO-CALL$ #a#e? YE> ( HIS MEMB]%IP ( ! REVOLUTION>Y ,LABOR MOVEM5T4 ,SPONSORS ( ! D9N] W]E ( MU* ! SAME TYPE AS ! P]SONS :O W]E ASSOCIAT$ ) ! ,B>BUSSE ,AM/]DAM ,ANTI-,W> ,CONF]5CE ORGANIZ$ BY ! ,C4,P4 9 #a#i#c#b1 NAMELY1 9TELLECTUALS :O HAD NO REAL CONTACT ) ! REVOLUTION>Y /RUGGLE4 ,JU/ AS ! #aicb ASSOCIATION CONDEMN$ ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY SO ! #aice ASSOCIATION CONDEMN$ ! REMNANTS ( ! ,C4,L4,A4 ,! SPONSORS 9CLUD$ ,ROG] ,BALDW91 ,]NE/ ,SU!RL& ,BATES1 ,MAX ,EA/MAN1 ,SYDNEY ,HOOK1 ,OSWALD ,G>RISON ,VILL>D1 ,/EPH5 ,WISE & O!RS1 AMONG :OM W]E ! EX-,COMMUNI/S ,LUDWIG ,LORE & ,JAMES ,P4 ,CANNON4 

,! BEG9N+S ( ! ,AM]ICAN ,WORK]S' ,P>TY DATES BACK TO ! TIME :5 ,MU/E 5T]$ ! ,A4,F4 ( ,L4 TO ORGANIZE ! SO-CALL$ $UCATION ( ! WORK+-CLASS UND] ! AUSPICES ( ! ,TRADE ,UNION BUREAUCRACY4 ,HE />T$ ! ,BROOKWOOD ,COLLEGE 9 ORD] TO *ALL5GE ! WORK ( ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY ,TRADE ,UNION ,$UCATIONAL ,LEAGUE4 ,! WORK ( ?IS ,LEAGUE WAS PURELY P>TISAN & !RE=E NO GREAT IMPROVEM5T ON ANY ACTIVITY ( ! ORD9>Y ,TRADE ,UNION4 ,BUT ! PURPOSE ( ,BROOKWOOD ,COLLEGE WAS NOT TO *ALL5GE OR DE/ROY 9 ! LI<T ( WID] UND]/&+ ! SECT>IAN *>ACT] OR EFFECTS ( ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY ORGANIZATION BUT ONLY TO SAFEGU>D ! ,TRADE ,UNION BUREAUCRACY AGA9/ COMPETITION4 ,! PURPOSE ( ,BROOKWOOD ,COLLEGE WAS PURE C>E]ISM4 ,9 ! 5D IT PROV$ NOT SUFFICI5TLY BUREAUCRATIC & ! ,A4,F4 ( ,L4 ORGANIZ$ ! ,WORK]S' ,$UCATIONAL ,BUREAU 9 OPPOSITION TO ! COLLEGE4 ,BY WAY ( PROTE/ ,MU/E ORGANIZ$ HIS ,CONF]5CE = ,PROGRESSIVE ,LABOR ,ACTION & E/ABLI%$ HIS ORGAN1 ! ,LABOR ,AGE4 

,9 ,JANU>Y1 #a#i#c#a1 ! ,LABOR ,AGE DEM&$ ! RECOGNITION ( ,SOVIET ,RUSSIA BY ! ,U4,S4,A4 0 AS A S\ND BUS9ESS POLICY 9 ?IS ]A ( DEPRESSION40 ,! SAME ISSUE DECL>$ ?AT !RE WAS NO CLASS W> 9 ,AM]ICA1 BUT ?AT 0 IF !RE IS ANY SU* ?+ 9 ,AM]ICA AS CLASS W> !N IT IS ! CLASS W> BETWE5 ! ,A4,F4 ( ,L4 & ! ,COMMUNI/S40 ,! FOLL[+ MON? ! ,LABOR ,AGE CONGRATULAT$ 9 ITS $ITORIALS ! ,BRITI% ,LABOR ,GOV]NM5T = ITS CONDUCT ( =EIGN AFFAIRS & DECL>$ ?AT ITS POLICY WAS 0BRILLIANT1 BOLD & C\RAGE\S40 ,IT EULOGIZ$ ,MAC,DONALD ON HIS ,LONDON ,9DIA ,CONF]5CE1 :I* AS EV]YONE KN[S %\LD HAVE BE5 A MATT] ( NO MOM5T TO A REVOLUTION>Y LABOR PAP]4 

#aN #a#i#c#c1 AT ! TIME ( ! ,NOVEMB] ,PITTSBURG ,CONF]5CE ( ! ,C4,P4,L4,A4 PROPOSALS W]E DEVELOP$ = A NEW ,9T]NATIONAL & = AN APPROA* TO ! ,TROTSKYI/S4 ,ON ,NOVEMB] #a#a? ( ?AT YE> ,! ,MILITANT SUGGE/$ ?AT ! ,COMMUNI/ ,LEAGUE ( ,AM]ICA %\LD UNITE ) ! ,C4,P4,L4,A41 ! CONDITION BE+ ?AT ! NEW P>TY %\LD BE A ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY & ?AT IT %\LD ORGANIZE A ,COMMUNI/ ,9T]NATIONAL4 ,:5 AT LA/ UNITY WAS BR\<T AB\T ! IDEA ( ,COMMUNISM WAS DROPP$ AS BE+ SECT>IAN & ! T]M ! ,AM]ICAN ,WORK]S' ,P>TY ACCEPT$ BECAUSE IT WAS ABOVE BO? ,COMMUNISM & ,SOCIALISM4 

,! FIR/ DRAFT PROGRAM WAS PUT \T BY ! ,A4,W4,P4 9 ! E>LY P>T ( #a#i#c#d1 & WAS AN ORD9>Y P>LIAM5T>Y ,SOCIALI/ DOCUM5T4 ,! SECOND DRAFT WAS ISSU$ 9 ! FALL ( ! SAME YE> & 5DEAVOR$ TO SMUGGLE 9 ! IDEA ( P>LIAM5T>ISM UND] COV] ( VAGUE REVOLUTION>Y PHRASES4 ,! ,MU/EITES WROTE 3 

0 TO DEFEAT ! CAPITALI/ GOV]NM5T & TO TRANSF] ALL P[]1 TO ! WORK]S' C\NCILS1 ! WORK]S MU/ BE PREP>$ TO USE :ATEV] MEANS >E NECESS>Y40 

,?IS S\NDS LIKE 9SURRECTION & /REET FI<T+1 OR AT LEA/ ! ,G5]AL ,/RIKE4 ,ACTUALLY1 IT MEANT ! BALLOT BOX4 ,ON ,SEPTEMB] #b#g? ?IS REVIS$ DRAFT WAS ACCEPT$ BY ! ,COMMUNI/ ,LEAGUE AS A BASIS = FUSION4 

,AFT] COM+ TOGE!R ! COMB9$ GR\PS PUT \T TWO DOCUM5TS 3 7#a7 ,A PROPOS$ NEW PROGRAM1 PUBLI%$ 9 ,! ,MILITANT = ,OCTOB] #b#g?2 & 7#b7 A DECL>ATION ( PR9CIPLES1 :I* APPE>$ 9 ,! ,MILITANT = ,DECEMB] #h?4 ,! SECOND /ATEM5T WAS ! 5D ( ! ,COMMUNI/ ,LEAGUE & ! IDEALS ( ,SOCIALI/ ,SOVIET PROPAG&A4 ,:]EAS ! PROPOS$ PROGRAM SPOKE ( ! WORK]S US+ ANY MEANS 0 TO DEFEAT ! CAPITALI/ GOV]NM5T10 :I* C\LD MEAN SMA%+ ! CAPITALI/ GOV]NM5T1 ! DECL>ATION ( PR9CIPLES AM5DS ?IS 0 TO TAKE CONTROL ( ! ,/ATE BY REVOLUTION>Y MEANS40 ,! 0 MEANS 0 >E NOT DEF9$ BUT ( C\RSE ! T]M1 0 REVOLUTION>Y10 9 ! LIPS ( ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRATS IMPLIES NO?+ AT ALL4 ,:]EAS ! ,COMMUNI/ ,LEAGUE HAD /OOD = NUCLEI1 ! NEW ,AM]ICAN ,WORK]S' ,P>TY /OOD = BRAN*ES4 ,:I* MEANT ?AT IT WAS A POLITICAL P>TY4 

,! PROGRAM ( ! ,A4,W4,P4 NOM9ALLY REJECT$ ! B\RGEOIS SOCIAL ORD] & ITS ECONOMIC F\NDATION & ALL SUGGE/$ ECONOMIC RE=MISMS1 SU* AS 0 ,SOCIAL ,CR$IT0 & ,/ALE ,SOCIALISM4 ,IT D5\NC$ ! REPLACEM5T ( ! REAL POLITICAL MOVEM5T ( SOCIAL /RUGGLE BY ! P>LIAM5T>Y ELECTORAL MOVEM5T4 ,IT PROCLAIM$ ITS AIM AS ! WORK]S' /ATE BAS$ ON ! WORK]S' C\NCILS & DECL>$ ?AT WAS NOT M]ELY ! GOAL BUT ALSO ! DEMOCRATIC 9/RUM5T = SOLV+ ! CONTRADICTIONS ( ! CAPITALI/ SY/EM & ACCOMPLI%+ ! TRANSITION TO ,COMMUNISM4 ,IT OPPOS$ ! #cRD ,9T]NATIONAL BECAUSE IT WAS CONTROLL$ BY ,MOSC[ & WAS S]VICEABLE ONLY TO ! 9T]E/S ( ! RUL+ BUREAUCRACY ( ! ,SOVIET ,UNION4 ,IT DECL>$ ?AT ! PRES5T CRISIS WAS ! BEG9N+ ( ! 5D ( ! PRES5T =M ( SOCIETY & ?AT EV5 TO OV]COME ?AT CRISIS W\LD NOT REV]SE ! DECL9E ( ! CAPITALI/ SY/EM4 

,! ,A4,W4,P4 ADMITT$ ?AT ECONOMIC CONTRADICTIONS EXI/$ 9 ,RUSSIA & !N SPOKE ( ! UNLIMIT$LY SOCIALI/ *>ACT] ( ,RUSSIAN PLANN$ ECONOMY4 ,AGA9 ! PROGRAM DROPP$ 9TO PURE ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRACY BY DI/+UI%+ BETWE5 ITS F9AL AIMS & ITS IMM$IATE AIMS1 ?US HAV+ A MAXIMUM & A M9IMUM PROGRAM4 ,! 5D ( A GREAT DEAL ( ATTACK ON ! IDEA ( EMPLOY+ P>LIAM5T>Y ACTION WAS ?AT ! ,AM]ICAN ,WORK]S' ,P>TY W\LD FUNCTION POLITICALLY ALONG ! TRADITIONAL ,AM]ICAN L9ES4 

,! TRU? IS ! ,A4,W4,P4 WAS BUT A CAMP+ GR\ND = ! DECLASS$ 9TELLECTUAL R$UC$ TO POV]TY BY ! CAPITALI/ DEPRESSION1 & SPURR$ ON TO C>E]ISM BY HIS S5SE ( SNOBB]Y & P$ANTIC IMPORTANCE4 ,! ,AM]ICAN CONT95T HAS BE5 S+UL>LY B>R5 ( REAL ,SOCIALI/ 9TELLECTUALS4 ,! ,NEW ,5GL& S*OOL ( ,EM]SON & ,!ODORE ,P>K] SEEM TO HAVE EXHAU/$ ! P[] ( ,AM]ICAN G5IUS1 :I* HAS ATTEMPT$ NO FLI<TS S9CE ! ,CIVIL ,W>4 ,! ONLY REAL ORIG9AL ,SOCIALI/ ?9K] ( ! ,AM]ICAN CONT95T WAS ,DANIEL ,DE ,LEON & HE HAD A LAWY]'S HORROR ( ALL UNCIVILIZ$ ACTION1 & WAS HIDEB\ND BY HIS S5SE ( 9F]IORITY TO ,M>X4 ,! REVOLUTION HAD TO BE CLEAN & BLOODLESS TO SUIT ,DE ,LEON'S TA/E4 ,?IS MADE HIS 5TIRE PROPAG&A ,UTOPIAN4 ,HE D5\NC$ ! ,SOCIALI/ P>LIAM5T>IANS BECAUSE HE WAS AT HE>T A P>LIAM5T>IAN2 & HE SL&]$ ! ,AN>*I/S BECAUSE HE /OLE FROM !M ! ,SYNDICALI/ !SIS4 ,HE COMB9$ AN IDEALI/IC REVOLUTION>Y P>LIAM5T>ISM ) A RE=MI/ ,SYNDICALISM & URG$ ! =MATION ( 9DU/RIAL UNIONS BY ! WORK]S ) A ,SOCIALI/ OBJECTIVE4 ,?IS WAS ATTEMPT+ TO DO TWO ?+S AT ONCE & WAS CLE>LY IMPOSSIBLE4 

,IT IS POSSIBLE UND] C]TA9 M>KET CONDITIONS TO ORGANIZE ! WORK]S 9TO 9DU/RIAL UNIONS BUT !N IT MU/ BE = A /RUGGLE ON MATT]S CONNECT$ ) ! 9DU/RY 9 :I* !Y >E 5GAG$4 ,IT IS POSSIBLE TO ORGANIZE ! WORK]S = ,SOCIALISM BUT OBVI\SLY ?IS MU/ BE ON ! POLITICAL OR 9TELLECTUAL RA!R ?AN ! 9DU/RIAL FIELD4 ,! PLANN$ ECONOMY OR ACTION BELONGS TO ! 9DU/RIAL FIELD1 BUT ! ,SOCIALI/ IDEA & PROPAG&A BELONGS ESS5TIALLY TO ! POLITICAL PLANE4 

,DE ,LEON WANT$ ! WORK]S TO CAPTURE POLITICAL P[] PEACEFULLY ?R\< ! BALLOT BOX & !N ! POLITICAL REPRES5TATIVES W]E TO ADJ\RN ON ! SPOT1 S9E DIE1 & ! 9DU/RIAL UNIONS W]E !N TO BECOME SOCIETY4 ,! ONLY REASON GIV5 BY ,DE ,LEON AS TO :Y ! WORK]S' REPRES5TATIVES 9 P>LIAM5T %\LD ADJ\RN P>LIAM5T WAS ?AT IF !Y DID NOT DO SO1 !IR ACTION W\LD BE A 0 USURPATION40 ,( C\RSE1 TO BE ?REAT5$ ) A *>GE ( ?IS *>ACT] W\LD PREV5T A POLITICAL C>E]I/ FROM ATTEMPT+ TO CL+ TO P[] :]E A ?REAT ( 9DU/RIAL OR SOCIAL =CE W\LD FAIL TO MOVE IT 6 

,! ,COMMUNI/ ,LEAGUE1 9 ,! ,MILITANT1 = ,OCTOB] #b#g?1 #a#i#c#d1 MADE A BOLD ATTACK ON ,DE ,LEONISM = ITS UTOPIAN RE=MISM 2 BUT ACTUALLY ,DE ,LEON'S POSITION IS NO WORSE ?AN ?AT ( MANY ( ! 9TELLECTUALS :O MADE UP ! PROPAG&A COMMITTEE ( ! ,A4,W4,P4 & DID NOT POSSESS ! VIGOR & CONSI/5CY ( DOCTR9E ?AT *>ACT]IZ$ ! ACTIVITY ( ,DE ,LEON4 

,! 9TELLIG5TSIA ( ! ,A4,W4,P4 W]E ! OLD PRE-W> 9TELLECTUALS ( ,! ,LIB]ATOR & ,! ,MASSES1 LIV+ UND] PO/W> CONDITIONS ( BE+ P]MAN5TLY 0 BROKE10 ) Y\NG] ADDITIONS TO !IR RANKS1 EQUALLY 0 BROKE 0 BUT 5TIRELY DEVOID ( !IR CLAIMS TO FAME4 ,MAX ,EA/MAN CONNECT$ ! TWO ]AS4 

,BE=E ! ,W> ,EA/MAN HAD NO ,SOCIALI/ RECORD BUT WAS A PLA9 B\RGEOIS LIB]AL1 :O FLIRT$ ) WOMAN'S SUFFRAGE 9 #a#i#a#b1 & AFT]W>DS PRET5D$ TO POETRY4 ,! *>ACT] ( HIS PAP] DUR+ ! ,W>1 ONCE ,AM]ICA HAD 5T]$ ! /RUGGLE1 CAUS$ ,EA/MAN TO BE *>G$ ) S$ITION4 ,IT IS POSSIBLE ?AT IF ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES HAD DECL>$ W> 9 #a#i#a#d1 EV5 ?IS *>GE W\LD NOT HAVE BE5 PREF]R$ AGA9/ HIM4 ,! ?REE YE>S ( GRACE 5ABL$ HIM TO DEVELOP HIS 9TELLECTUAL GYMNA/ICS )\T MOLE/ATION SO LONG AS ,AM]ICA WAS NEUTRAL4 

,9 ,C\RT ,EA/MAN >GU$1 AS ONLY A ,GRE5WI* VILLAG] C\LD1 AFT] ! /YLE ( HIS ,*ELSEA PROTOTYPE1 ?AT HE WAS NOT = ANY W>1 :I* MEANT ?AT HE WAS AGA9/ ! )DRAWAL ( ! ,U4,S4,A4 FROM ! W>1 & ?AT HE WAS AGA9/ ! DEFEAT ( ! ,U4,S4,A4 ,JAMES ,RUSSELL ,L[ELL HAS SATIRIZ$ ?IS TYPE 9 HIS IMMORTAL ,BIGL[ ,PAP]S1 ! TYPE ?AT COMB9ES NON*ALANT SEEM+ ANTI-PATRIOTISM ) A /UDI$ REFUSAL TO OPPOSE ! PATRIOTISM ( ! H]D4 

,EA/MAN MADE NO FLIRTATION ) POLITICS UNTIL ! ROMANCE ( ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION BEGAN TO /IR ! VAGUE UND]/&+ ( ! 9TELLECTUALS4 ,HIS 9T]E/ WAS ONE ( 0 ,COPY 0 & NOT ( UND]/&+4 ,= A %ORT TIME 9 #a#i#b#d1 HE FLIRT$ ) ,TROTSKY & TRANSLAT$ HIS WRIT+SS 9TO ,5GLI%1 UNTIL ,TROTSKY1 GRATEFUL = BE+ TRANSLAT$1 FELT HE HAD TO REPUDIATE ,EA/MAN S9CE HE DID NOT WANT TO BE ID5TIFI$ ) ,ANTI-,M>XISM4 ,IT MU/ BE ACKN[L$G$ ?AT ,EA/MAN MADE A SPL5DID JOB ( HIS TRANSLATION & ?AT = ?IS WORK ! REVOLUTION>Y MOVEM5T IS UND] A GREAT DEBT ( GRATITUDE TO HIM4 ,?IS FACT DOES1 NOT TAKE HIM \T ( ! CATEGORY 9 :I* A /UDY ( HIS C>E] PLACES HIM2 ! CATEGORY TO :I* ,SYDNEY ,HOOK & O!R LEAD+ LI<TS ( ! ,A4,W4,P4 BELONG$4 ,! /UDY ( !SE P]SONS' C>E]S REVEAL !M AS TYPES :O HAVE DABBL$ 9 NEUROTICS1 SUPPOS$LY NAU<TY !ORIES & S5SATIONAL IDEAS1 & HAVE NO 9T]E/ 9 ANY REALLY VITAL OR RADICAL PR9CIPLE4 ,!IR BACKGR\ND MAY BE LESS C]TA9 ?AN ?AT ( ! ,B]TR& ,RUSSELL & ,H4 ,G4 ,WELLS CLIQUE ( ,M]RY ,5GL&1 BUT !Y >E WOV5 \T ( ! SAME %ODDY CLO?4 

,! ,UNIT$ ,WORK]S' ,P>TY WAS ORGANIZ$ 9 ,JANU>Y1 #a#i#c#c1 & WAS COMPOS$ ( ! PREVI\S ,PROLET>IAN ,P>TY ,OPPOSITION :I* HAD >IS5 9 ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY ( ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES & !N ORGANIZ$ ITSELF AS A SEP>ATE GR\P 9 #a#i#a#h-#a#i4 ,! FIR/ PROGRAM ( ! ,U4,W4,P4 CONTA9$ EI<T PO9TS1 :I* MAY BE SUMM>IZ$ AS FOLL[S 3-- 

,! ,P]MAN5T ,CRISIS ( ,CAPITALISM4 

,! ,ONLY ,REVOLUTION>Y ,CLASS IS ! ,PROLET>IAT4 ,!RE=E !RE MU/ BE NO CONCESSIONS TO ! AGR>IAN & PETTY B\RGEOIS CLASS1 & NO UNIT$ ,WORK]S' & ,PEASANTS' POLICY4 ,! P>TY /OOD = A ,WORK]S' ,REPUBLIC & A ,WORK]S' ,REPUBLIC ONLY4 

,DECL>$ ITS OPPOSITION TO ,TRADE ,UNIONISM1 & AV]R$ ?AT ,TRADE ,UNIONS W]E UNABLE TO OBTA9 CONCESSIONS4 

,DID NOT BELIEVE 9 URG+ UNEMPLOYM5T RE=MS4 ,BUT DID URGE AN ACTIVE DAY-TO-DAY /RUGGLE = IMM$IATE RELIEF4 

,ANTI-,P>LIAM5T>Y4 ,PRES5T CRISIS ( CAPITALISM DID NOT P]MIT ! REVOLUTIONI/S TO WA/E TIME & 5]GY P>TICIPAT+ P>LIAM5T>Y ACTIVITY 4 

,:IL/ NOT NECESS>ILY OPPOS$ TO ! ,?IRD ,9T]NATIONAL1 WAS MO/ CRITICAL TO IT4 ,REPR9T$ 9 ,SEPTEMB]1 #a#i#c#c4 

,! DICTATOR%IP ( ! PROLET>IAT4 ,ON ?IS PO9T ! ATTITUDE ( ! ,U4,W4,P1 REG>D$ ! P>TY AS ONLY AN 9/RUM5T ( ! REVOLUTION1 NOT ! REVOLUTION ITSELF4 ,ON ?IS PO9T1 ! SUBSIDI>Y *>ACT] ( ! P>TY TO ! ,SOVIETS OR ,WORK]S' ,COMMITTEES ( ,ACTION1 ! ,U4,P4,W4 POSITION IS ANTI-,BOL%EVIK & TO \R M9D 9 L9E ) ,AN>*ISM4 ,! ,U4,W4,P4 CLAIM WAS ?AT ?IS IS A S\ND ,M>XI/ ATTITUDE4 

,9 ,SEPTEMB]4 #a#i#c#c1 ! ,UNIT$ ,WORK]S' ,P>TY DEF9$ ITS ATTITUDE T[>DS ! DECL>ATION ( ! ,NATIONAL ,COMMITTEE ( ! ,COMMUNI/ ,LEAGUE ( ,AM]ICA ON ! QUE/ION ( A NEW P>TY & A F\R? ,9T]NATIONAL4 ,IT 5DORS$ ! VIEW !N PUT =W>D BY ! ,C4,L4 ?AT IT WAS NECESS>Y TO REJECT ! POLICY ( RE=M+ ! OLD CORRUPT ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY & ?AT :AT W]E NE$$ W]E A NEW ,C4,P4 & A NEW ,9T]NATIONAL4 ,! ,U4,W4,P4 ISSU$ ITS /ATEM5T AS A PAMPHLET E>LY 9 #aicd UND] ! TITLE ( ,BOL%EVISM OR ,COMMUNISM4 ,FROM ?AT EXCELL5T PAMPHLET WE MAKE TWO QUOTATIONS 3 

0 ,WE HAVE NO BUREAUCRACY ?AT IS 5GAG$ 9 ! COMPETITIVE /RUGGLE ) ! APP>ATUS ( O!R ORGANIZATIONS2 WE BELIEVE ?AT ! ,R,E,V,O,L,U,T,I,O,N ,I,S ,N,O,T ,A ,P,>,T,Y ,Q,U,E,/,I,O,N ,B,U,T ,! ,J,O,B ,( ,! ,W,O,R,K,],S ,A,S ,A ,C,L,A,S,S2 & WE >E WILL+ TO WORK 9 ! ,A,C,T,U,A,L ,C,L,A,S,S ,/,R,U,G,G,L,E1 9 SPITE ( !ORETICAL DIFF]5CES1 TOGE!R ) ! ,L4,O4 AS WELL AS ) ALL O!R PROLET>IAN GR\PS1 HOP+ ?AT \R POLICY WILL 9 ! C\RSE ( ! /RUGGLE BE ACCEPT$ AS A SUCCESSFUL ONE40 

0,! ,U4,W4,P4 DOES NOT RECOGNIZE SU* 9V5T$ ?+S AS ,L59ISM2 IT ONLY CONSID]S ,L59 AS A ,M>XI/ :O WAS NOT ABLE TO FREE HIMSELF TOTALLY FROM ! 9FLU5CE ( ! DEG5]AT$ SO-CALL$ OR?ODOX ,M>XISM ( ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRACY4 ,! ,U4,W4,P41 9/EAD ( GO+ BACK TO ,L591 REVIVES REAL ,M>XISM 9 ITS ORIG9AL =M BE=E ! EPIGONES HAD DE/ROY$ ITS REVOLUTION>Y VALUE4 ,W,E ,>,E ,N,O,T ,A ,L,5,9,I,/ ,B,U,T ,A ,M,>,X,I,A,N ,O,R,G,A,N,I,Z,A,T,I,O,N3 ,9 \R OP9ION A DI/9CTION BETWE5 ,/AL9ISM & ,L59ISM IS IMPOSSIBLE1 AS ! FIR/ WAS ! RESULT1 ! ACTUAL \TCOME ( ! LATT]4 ,SO 9 \R OP9ION1 A DI/9CTION BETWE5 ,TROTSKYISM & ,/AL9ISM IS ONLY POSSIBLE ON A ,P,U,R,E,L,Y ,C,O,N,C,E,P,T,I,O,N,A,L1 ,?,A,T ,I,S1 ,U,N,R,E,A,L ,B,A,S,I,S4 ,9 REALITY ?IS DI/9CTION DOES NOT EXI/1 & ! FAILURE ( ! ,TROTSKY GR\P TO DIFF]5TIATE NOT ONLY ON TACTICAL QUE/IONS1 BUT ALSO ON QUE/IONS ( PR9CIPLE1 IS MORE ?AN PRO( ( ?IS4 ,9 \R OP9ION1 ! POLICY ( ,/AL9 HI/ORICALLY IS NOT ONLY DEFEAT$1 BUT ! ,:,O,L,E ,B,O,L,%,E,V,I,K ,P,O,L,I,C,Y1 ,:,I,* ,9,C,L,U,D,E,S ,L,5,9 ,& ,T,R,O,T,S,K,Y1 ,H,A,S ,F,\,N,D ,I,T,S ,L,O,G,I,C,A,L ,5,D4 ,! ,BOL%EVISM ( ALL =MS IS BANKRUPT4 ,! ,Q,U,E,/,I,O,N ,I,S ,N,O,T ,/,A,L,9,I,S,M ,O,R ,L,5,9,I,S,M1 ,B,U,T ,B,O,L,%,E,V,I,S,M ,O,R ,C,O,M,M,U,N,I,S,M40 

0 ,WE CAN ONLY L9E UP ) AN ORGANIZATION :I* ADOPTS AS A PR9CIPLE & A TACTIC ! RECOGNITION ( ! PRES5T CRISIS AS ! DEA? CRISIS ( CAPITALISM4 ,! NECESSITY ( A PROLET>IAN REVOLUTION AS ! ONLY WAY TO ESCAPE A SITUATION ( WIDE WORLD ,FASCISM4 ,! RECOGNITION ( ,/ATE ,CAPITALISM 9 ,RUSSIA1 & ) ?AT ! CALL = ! OV]?R[ ( ! PRES5T SY/EM 9 ,RUSSIA BY ! REVOLUTION>Y PROLET>IAT ( ,RUSSIA40 

,ON ALL !SE PO9TS1 AS ALSO ON ,U4,W4,P4 5DORSEM5T ( ! POSITION ( ,ROSA ,LUXEMBURG 9 H] CONTROV]SY ) ,L59 7#a#i#d-#h71 MY SYMPA?IES >E ) ! ,U4,W4,P4 ,! PAMPHLET1 ,BOL%EVISM OR ,COMMUNISM1 & ALSO ! O!R PAMPHLET ISSU$ AB\T ! SAME TIME AS A MANIFE/O & PROGRAM ( ! P>TY1 ON ,FASCISM OR ,REVOLUTION1 %\LD BE WIDELY READ BY ALL ,5GLI%-SPEAK+ WORK]S4 

,! ,ANTI-,P>LIAM5T>Y ,COMMUNI/ MOVEM5T ( ,BRITA9 IS ! REAL P>5T ( MOD]N ,SOCIALI/ ?\<T2 & POSSESSES ! M]IT ( HAV+ OPPOS$ ! PUNDITS ( ! TRADITIONAL MOVEM5T1 & DESPITE ITS POV]TY ( HAV+ LA/$ ! DI/ANCE4 ,IT WAS RIDICUL$ 9 #aif = ATTACK+ ,TRADE ,UNIONISM & ,P>LIAM5T>ISM BY FACTIONS :O W]E COMPELL$1 AFT] V>I\S SQUIRM+S & ATTA*M5TS1 TO ADMIT ?AT ! WORK]S HAVE NO?+ :ATEV] TO GA9 FROM EI!R ,P>LIAM5T>ISM OR ,TRADE ,UNIONISM4 

,IT IS 9T]E/+ TO NOTE H[EV] ?AT ,ANTI-,P>LIAM5T>ISM1 :IL/ NOT UNRELAT$ TO ,M>XI/ ?\<T1 ANY MORE ?AN IT IS UNRELAT$ TO SOME ( ! LIT]ATURE ?AT WAS 9SPIR$ BY ! ,FR5* ,REVOLUTION1 >OSE AS A DI/9CT PROPAG&A 9 ,BRITA91 & ?AT ITS PIONE] WAS AN ,5GLI% ,SOCIALI/ :O HAD V]Y LITTLE TIME = ! /UDY ( ,M>XIAN ECONOMICS OR ( ,M>X'S POLITICAL WRIT+S4 ,WILLIAM ,MORRIS1 9 ! DAYS ( ! ,SOCIALI/ ,LEAGUE1 PIONE]$ ,ANTI-,P>LIAM5T>Y ,SOCIALISM 9 OPPOSITION ALIKE TO ,AN>*ISM & TO ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRACY4 ,HE C\LD NOT BE> ! WANT ( FELL[%IP ?AT BELONGS TO /&+ ALONE & SO RETURN$1 RELUCTANTLY1 A FEW YE>S BE=E HIS DEA?1 TO AN UN=TUNATE ASSOCIATION ) ! ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRATS4 

O ,*APT] #ad 3 ,ANTI-,P>LIAM5T>ISM1 #a#i#b#g3 ,G]MANY1 ,HOLL& & ,RUSSIA 

,! PURPOSE ( ?IS *APT] IS NOT TO DISCUSS ! ACTIVITY ( ! ,ANTI-,P>LIAM5T>Y MOVEM5T ?AT WAS CONDUCT+ A VIGOR\S PROPAG&A 9 ,5GL& & ,SCOTL& DUR+ ! YE> #a#i#b#g4 ,?AT WAS M]ELY P>T & P>CEL ( ! G5]AL MOVEM5T ?AT HAD BE5 CONDUCT$ 9 ,BRITA9 S9CE #a#i#f1 & ( :I* SOME DETAILS >E GIV5 9 ! APP5DICES TO MY PAMPHLET ,SOCIALISM & ,P>LIAM5T1 ,P>T ,I4 ,9 ?IS *APT] MY DESIRE IS TO TRACE ! EVOLUTION ( ! ,ANTI-,P>LIAM5T>Y MOVEM5T 9 ,G]MANY & ,HOLL& & ALSO ( ! ,ANTI-,P>LIAM5T>Y ,COMMUNI/ ,OPPOSITION GR\PS 9 ! ,SOVIET ,UNION4 ,! P]IOD COV]$ IS CONF9$ TO ! YE> #a#i#b#g1 BECAUSE DUR+ ?AT YE>1 ! ,BRITI% MOVEM5T WAS BR\<T 9TO CONTACT ) ! MOVEM5T ON ! CONT95T ( ,EUROPE1 & FIR/ H& 9=MATION WAS PUBLI%$ 9 ! COLUMNS ( ,! ,COMMUNE FROM ,M>* TO ,OCTOB]1 #a#i#b#g1 ,VOLUME ,I,I4 

,9 ,! ,COMMUNES M5TION$ ,I PUBLI%$ A MO/ 9T]E/+ CORRESPOND5CE FROM ,G]MAN & ,DUT* COMRADES4 ,APP5D$ TO ?AT CORRESPOND5CE WAS A REVIEW ( ! MOVEM5T AS IT HAD DEVELOP$ 9 ,G]MANY & ,HOLL&4 ,?AT CORRESPOND5CE IS REPRODUC$1 ) SU* ABRIDGM5T AS TIME & SPACE R5D] NECESS>Y4 ,REPETITION HAS BE5 OMITT$ 9 ORD] TO FUR!R 9T]E/4 ,! HEAD+ ( ! CORRESPOND5CE IS REPRODUC$ FROM ,! ,COMMUNE 3 -- 

,I,T ,G,R,[,S6 ,I,T ,G,R,[,S6 

,A,N,T,I-,P,>,L,I,A,M,5,T,>,Y ,9,T,],N,A,T,I,O,N,A,L ,L,E,T,T,]-,B,O,X4 

,DE> ,COMRADE1 

,MY FRI5D1 \R COMRADE & 0 MANAG] 0 ( ! 0 ,9,O10 ,]NE/ ,LIEBETRAU1 ASKS ME TO ACKN[L$GE RECEIPT ( ! 0 ,COMMUNES 0 & PAMPHLETS1 = :I* WE ?ANK Y\ V]Y MU*4 

,WE %ALL DO ALL WE CAN TO MEET Y\R WI%ES AS TO ! TRANSLATION ( ! PAMPHLETS S5T TO US1 ESPECIALLY 0 ,SOCIALISM OR ,P>LIAM5T 0 & 0 ,LABOR 9 ,(FICE40 ,! LATT] HAS ALREADY BE5 TRANSLAT$ 9 ,G]MAN BY ! WRIT] ( ?IS LETT]41 & WE WILL PUBLI% IT 9 \R V>I\S ANTI-AU?ORIT>IAN PAP]S3 0 ,DIE ,PROLET>IS*E ,REVOLUTION10 0,D] ,FREIE ,>BEIT]10 0 ,D] ,PROLET>IS*E ,ZEITGEI/10 ETC4444 

,) FRAT]NAL GREET+S FROM ALL COMRADES ( ! 0 ,9,O40 

,FRANKFURT-A-,MA91 ,FEB4 #c1 #a#i#b#g4 ,H,E,9,R,I,* ,B,],G,E,S4 

,DE> ,COMRADE1 

,BY HAZ>D WE GOT SOME DAYS AGO A COPY ( Y\R PAP]1 0 ,! ,COMMUNE 0 = ,DECEMB]1 #a#i#b#f4 

,WE1 ! EXTREME GR\P ( ! ,OPPOSITION 9 ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY ( ,G]MANY -- CALL$ ,5TS*I$5E ,L9KE -- >E N[1 AFT] LONG DEVELOPM5T1 ANTI-P>LIAM5T>IAN AS WELL AS ANTI-TRADE UNIONI/4444 

,\R MEET+S >E FREQU5T$ BY ?\S&S ( ,G]MAN WORK]S & !IR NUMB]S >E GR[+ /EADILY4 ,WE WORK 9 CLOSE ALLIANCE ) ! ,COMMUNI/ ,WORK]S' ,P>TY 7,K4,A4,P47 & ! ',G5]AL ,WORK]S' ,UNION ORGANIZATION 7,A4,A4,U474444 

,) REVOLUTION>Y GREET+S 9 ! GREAT /RUGGLE1 Y\RS1 

,= ! ,POLITICAL ,(FICE ( ,5T*I$5E ,L9KE4 

,B]L91 ,FEB4 #a#b1 #a#i#b#g1 ,C,>,L ,P,O,R,?4 

,DE> ,COMRADE1 

444 ,! WAY 9 :I* ,RUSSIA HAS BROK5 UP ! REVOLUTION>Y WORK]S1 ! WAY ( ! P>LIAM5T & ( ! TRADE UNIONS MAY BE CONSID]$ ! WAY ( RE=MISM1 ! WAY :I* HOLDS ! LABOR]S BACK FROM ! REVOLUTION4 ,RUSSIA IS ALREADY V]Y F> ON ! WAY TO CAPITALISM4 ,IT CANNOT LONG] BE A REVOLUTION>Y FACTOR = ! WORK+ CLASS ( ,EUROPE4 ,9 ?IS SITUATION WE HAVE TO LOOK = ?OSE 9T]NATIONAL =CES :I* >E WILL+ TO MAKE REALLY REVOLUTION>Y TACTICS4 

,AS = ,G]MANY1 WE HAVE ! ,K4,A4,P4,D41 ! ,KOMMUNI/IS*E ,>BEIT] ,P>TEI ,DEUTS*L&S 7! ,COMMUN4 ,LAB4 ,P>TY71 :I* WAS BORN DUR+ ! ,G]MAN ,REVOLUTION4 ,ITS PR9CIPLES >E3 ,DICTATION ( ! WORK+ CLASS4 7,! ,MOSC[ ,COMMUN4 ,P>TY WILL DICTATION ,O,V,] ! WORK+ CLASS BY ! ,COMM4 ,P>TY47 ,! WEAPON ( ! DICTATION >E ! SOVIETS1 R\<LY ! %OP COMMITTEES 9 Y\R L&4 ,FUR!R1 ! ,K4,A4,P4,D4 IS AGA9/ ! P>LIAM5T1 & WILL RALLY ALL ! PROLET>IAN =CES 9 ! COMMITTEES4444 

,AM/]DAM1 ,FEB4 #b#h1 #a#i#b#g4 ,H4 ,C,A,N,N,E ,M,E,I,J,]4 

,DE> ,COMRADE1 

,Y\R LA/ 0 ,COMMUNE 0 CALLS3 0 ,IT GR[S6 ,IT GR[S6 0 & REALLY1 ,I WAS AS GLAD AS Y\1 :5 ,I SAW H[ DIFF]5T ,G]MAN & ,DUT* COMRADES HAVE ADDRESS$ !MSELVES TO Y\R GR\P1 BECAUSE IT 9SPIRES US TO FEEL ?AT ! REVOLUTION CANNOT BE BESIEG$1 ?AT ! HEAD ( ! REVOLUTION ALWAYS PEEPS ABOVE ! SWAMPS ( CAPITALI/IC-RE=MI/IC MA*9ATIONS ( ! ,SECOND & ! ,?IRD ,9T]NATIONAL4 ,!RE=E ! ,DUT* COMRADES :I* HAVE RALLI$ ON A REVOLUTION>Y BASIS1 EXPRESS ! DESIRE ?AT Y\ CONVEY !IR GREET+S TO ALL ,BRITI% ,ANTI-,P>LIAM5T>IAN COMRADES4 

,I S5D Y\ A TRANSLATION ( A PAMPHLET BROADCA/$ BY US %[+ H[ ,RUSSIA IS SUPPLY+ ! ,G]MAN B\RGEOISIE ) >MS4 ,I S5D Y\ SOME ISSUES ( 0 ,IMPRECORR40 ,TO ! ,?IRD ,9T]NATIONAL ! CAPITALI/IC MORAL APPEALS3 ,MONEY NEV] /9KS4 ,Y\ WILL NOTE ! !ORETICAL /ATEM5T ( ! NATIONALI/IC POLICY ( ! ,?IRD ,9T]NATIONAL DUR+ ! ,RUHR ,W> & :Y ! NATIONALI/IC /RUGGLE OV]%AD[$ ! CLASS-/RUGGLE4 ,?AT IS ALSO ! !ORETICAL /ATEM5T :Y IT IS A REVOLUTION>Y ACT TO SUPPLY ! ,G]MAN B\RGEOISIE ) >MS4444 

,BY P>LIAM5T>ISM WE MEAN1 9 ,HOLL&1 NOT M]ELY ! P>LIAM5T1 BUT ALSO TRADES UNIONISM4 ,P>LIAM5T>ISM IS ! NECESS>Y COMPLEM5T ( UNIONISM4 ,! 

0 DEMOCRATIC 0 SUPPORTS ( CAPITALISM >E P>LIAM5T & UNION1 ! TWO1 REAL OB/ACLES TO WORLD REVOLUTION & ! WORK]S' EMANCIPATION4 ,!RE=E WE FI<T ! UNION AS WELL AS ! P>LIAM5T4 ,IT IS \R CONVICTION ?AT CAPITALISM CANNOT BREAK D[N BE=E ! UNIONS >E BROK5 D[N4 ,9 \R PROPAG&A WE SAY3 ,L,E,A,V,E ! ,UNIONS4 ,BREAK !M D[N4 ,ALL P[] TO ! WORK]S !MSELVES4 

,BRITA9 IS ! CLASSIC L& ( ,UNIONISM4 ,!RE=E ! PROPAG&A AGA9/ TRADES UNIONISM WILL BE MO/ DIFFICULT4 ,BUT WE BELIEVE ?AT ! ,BRITI% WORK]S CANNOT WAGE ! CLASS /RUGGLE EXCEPT BY & ?R\< COMMITTEE ORGANIZATION AGA9/ TRADES UNIONISM4 ,WE MU/ OPPOSE ! UNIONS AS CAPITALI/IC ORGANISMS4 

,! 0 ,5T*I$5E ,L9KE 0 IS ! =TNI<TLY REVIEW ( ! ,OPPOSITION SECTION ( ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY ( ,G]MANY4 ,BUT ONLY SOME ( !SE GR\PS /ILL BELONG TO ! ,K4,P4,D4 ,O!R GR\PS HAVE BE5 EXPELL$4 

,NO4 #b ( ?IS J\RNAL DEALS ) ! QUE/ION1 ,! ,C,O,N,Q,U,E,/ ,( ,! ,T,R,A,D,E ,U,N,I,O,N,S BY ! ,COMMUNI/S6 ,IT CONCLUDES ?AT IT IS AN ILLUSION TO ?9K & TO BELIEVE ?AT ! TRADE UNION MA*9]Y CAN BE CONQU]$ & US$ = REVOLUTION>Y PURPOSES1 BY CAPTUR+ ! MAJORITY ( ! MEMB]%IP4 ,IT IS NO LESS AN ILLUSION TO BELIEVE ?AT ! WORK]S CAN CONQU] POLITICAL P[] BY P>LIAM5T>Y MEANS4 

,! WORK]S CANNOT EXPEL ! BUREAUCRATS FROM ! UNIONS4 ,!Y CANNOT RESCUE !IR P>LIAM5T>Y REPRES5TATIONS FROM ! BUREAUCRATS4 0 ,LEAVE ! ,UNIONS 0 IS ! TRUE REVOLUTION>Y SLOGAN4 

0 ,! ,KOMMUNI/ ,>BEIT] ,ZEITUNG 0 IS ! ORGAN ( ! ,K4,A4,P4,D4 ,IT IS PUBLI%$ TWICE A WEEK4 ,9 ITS ISSUE = ,M>* #a#g1 ?IS J\RNAL PUBLI%$ AN IMPORTANT >TICLE TO PROVE H[ ! ,?IRD ,9T]NATIONAL HAS >RIV$1 FROM ONE ALT]ATION TO ANO!R1 TO ! /&PO9T HELD BY ! ,SECOND ,9T]NATIONAL ON ,AUGU/ #d1 #a#i#a#d4 ,AT ! ,F\R? ,CONGRESS ( ! ,COM9T]N1 ON ,NOVEMB] #a#h1 #a#i#b#c1 ,BU*>9 DECL>$ ?AT !RE WAS NO DIFF]5CE BETWE5 A LOAN FROM A B\RGEOIS /ATE1 & A MILIT>Y BLOCK ) A B\RGEOIS /ATE3 & ?AT IT WAS S\ND PROLET>IAN TACTICS TO CONCLUDE A MILIT>Y ALLIANCE ) ONE B\RGEOIS /ATE 9 ORD] TO OV]?R[ ANO!R B\RGEOIS /ATE3 & ?AT :]E SU* A MILIT>Y ALLIANCE WAS CONCLUD$ BY ! ,SOVIET ,GOV]NM5T1 0,I,T ,I,S ,! ,D,U,T,Y ,( ,! ,C,O,M,R,A,D,E,S ,( ,S,U,* ,A ,L,& ,T,O ,H,E,L,P ,?,I,S ,B,L,O,C,K0 7SIC7 TO ! CAPITALI/ SIEGE ( ! ,SOVIET ,REPUBLIC6 

,IT GOES )\T SAY+ ?AT ! MILIT>Y BLOCK ?AT WAS MEANT WAS ,G]MANY4 ,& SO ! ,G]MAN PROLET>IANS >E PL$G$1 BY ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY & ! ,?IRD ,9T]NATIONAL1 TO SUPPORT ! ,G]MAN CAPITALI/IC CLASS 9 A COM+ W>4 ,& ?AT IS ALL ,/,I,L,L CALL$ ,COMMUNISM6 444 

,) GREET+S1 ,AM/]DAM1 ,M>* #a#d1 #a#i#b#g4 ,H4 ,C,A,N,N,E ,M,E,I,J,]4 

,DE> ,COMRADE1 

,! ,EXECUTIVE ( ! ,F\R? 7,COMMUNI/ ,WORK]S'7 ,9T]NATIONAL DECID$1 9 ITS SESSION ( ,FEBRU>Y #b-#b#f1 TO PUT ITSELF 9TO COMMUNICATION ) Y\R GR\P4 ,IT BELIEVES ?AT ! RELATION%IP BETWE5 ! B\RGEOISIE & ! PROLET>IAT1 9SIDE ! ,BRITI% ,EMPIRE1 IS UND]GO+ A FUNDAM5TAL *ANGE4 ,?IS *ANGE WILL COMPEL ! WORK+ CLASS ( ,BRITA9 TO EVOLVE AN 9DEP5D5T CLASS MOVEM5T1 9 OPPOSITION TO ! PRES5T MISCALL$ 0 ,LABOR 0 MOVEM5T1 FRE$1 9 ITS =MS & ITS 9TEGRITY1 FROM ALL ?AT *A9S ! 

0 LABOR 0 MOVEM5T TO B\RGEOIS 9T]E/S & SO SUBJECTS ! WORK]S TO ! DOM9ATION ( CAPITALISM4 ,! TOTAL DEFEAT :I* ! ,BRITI% WORK+ CLASS HAVE SUFF]$ ?R\< ! BETRAYAL ( ! ,G5]AL ,/RIKE & ( ! M9]S WILL HAVE BR\<T ! ,BRITI% PROLET>IANS TO ! ACKN[L$GM5T ?AT !IR EXI/+ POLITICAL & 9DU/RIAL ORGANIZATIONS & ME?ODS HAVE BECOME MEANS ( OPPRESSION ( ! WORK] 9 ! H&S ( ! B\RGEOISIE & ITS LABOR-LEAD+ SATELLITES4 ,AN IMPROVEM5T 9 ! EXI/5CE LEVEL ( ! PROLET>IAT WAS IMPOSSIBLE [+ TO ! G5]AL CRISIS ( CAPITALISM1 BUT ! B\RGEOIS & CAPITALI/IC M5TALITY ( ! WORK+ CLASS AS A :OLE1 CANNOT UND]/& ?IS FACT4 

,IT WAS DUR+ ! ,G]MAN ,REVOLUTION 7#a#i#a#h-#a#i#b#a7 ?AT ! ,COMMUNI/ ,WORK]S' ,P>TIES & ,REVOLUTION>Y ,9DU/RIAL ,C\NCILS ROSE TO ORGANIZE ! WORK]S1 NOT = RE=MS1 BUT ON ! TACTIC & !ORY ( ! DEA? CRISIS ( CAPITALISM1 ! DIRECT HI/ORICAL /RUGGLE T[>DS ,COMMUNISM4 

,! ,COMMUNI/ ,WORK]S ,9T]NATIONAL CALLS UPON ALL REAL REVOLUTION>Y ELEM5TS 9 ! PROLET>IAT TO =M A SUB/ANTIAL 9T]NATIONAL PROLET>IAN CLASS-MOVEM5T AGA9/ CAPITALISM & ! B\RGEOIS /ATE4 

,! ,C4,W4,I4 CONSID]S IT AS ITS FIR/ TASK TO UNITE ALL REAL REVOLUTION>Y ,COMMUNI/S 9TO A WORLD MOVEM5T R\ND ! BANN] ( ,COMMUNISM1 = ! PROLET>IAN REVOLUTION MU/ BE A WORLD 9DU/RIAL MOVEM5T4 ,?IS MOVEM5T MU/ /& = ! DE/RUCTION1 BY UNTIR+ AGITATION -- ON ! GR\ND ( ITS 0 CYNICAL REACTION>Y1 AV[$LY C\NT]-REVOLUTION>Y1 &D DEF9ITELY ANTI-PROLET>IAN *>ACT] -- ( ! EXI/+ SO-CALL$ ,LABOR MOVEM5T1 CONSI/+ ( ! ,SECOND & ,?IRD TNT]NATIONALS1 ) ITS ,LABOR ,P>LIAM5T>ISM & ,TRADES ,UNIONISM4 

,A P5ETRAT+ DISCUSSION ON !SE ISSUES IS NE$$4 

,) ,COMMUNI/ GREET+S WE REMA91 = ! ,EXECUTIVE ( ! ,F\? ,9T]NATIONAL4 

,AM/]DAM1 ,M>* #b1 #a#i#b#g4 ,L4 ,C,>,D,O,Z,A 7,SECRET>Y74 

,! $ITORIAL COMM5T PUBLI%$ ON ?IS CORRESPOND5CE BR\<T FUR!R COMMUNICATIONS FROM ,C>DOZA1 ,CANNE ,MEIJ]1 & ,KATE ,RUMONOVA4 ,CONSEQU5TLY ,I WAS ABLE TO PUBLI% A COMPLETE ACC\NT ( ! PHASES & DIVISIONS ( ! ANTI-P>LIAM5T>Y & SEMI-ANTI-P>LIAM5T>Y MOVEM5T 9 ,G]MANY & ,HOLL&4 

#a4 ,5,T,S,*,I,$,5,E ,L,9,K,E4 -- ,?IS GR\P >OSE UND] ! 9FLU5CE ( ! OPPOSITION 9 ! (FICIAL 7,MOSC[7 ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY ( ,G]MANY 7,K4,P4,D74 ,ORIG9ALLY CONSI/$ ( ! FOLL[]S ( ! ,KORS*-,S*LAGEWCRT SECTION & ?OSE ( ,KORS*4 ,AT ! TIME ( ,! ,COMMUNE CORRESPOND5CE CONSI/$ ( ! FOLL[]S ( ,S*W>Z ONLY4 ,S*W>Z WAS /ILL A MEMB] ( ! ,REI*/AG BUT TURN$ TO ! ,K4,A4,P4,D4 & APPEAL$ TO HIS FOLL[]S TO 5T] ?AT P>TY4 ,! OLD ,ANTI-,P>LIAM5T>Y ,P>TY ( ! WORK]S ( ,G]MANY 7,K4,A4,P4,D47 WELCOM$ ?IS APPEAL4 

,BE=E JO9+ ! ,K4,A4,P4,D4 COMPLETELY 9 ,SEPTEMB]1 #a#i#b#g1 ?IS GR\P DECL>$ ITS ATTITUDE T[>DS ,TRADES ,UNIONISM4 ,IT /OOD = ! BREAK+ D[N ( ,TRADES ,UNIONISM BY 

WO?DRAWAL & FROM )\T1 & ! BUILD+ ( %OP-COMMITTEES4 ,!ORETICALLY1 UNTIL ITS DEF9ITE M]G+ 9TO ! ,K4,A4,P4,D41 ! ,S*W>ZE ,5TS*I$5E ,L9KE GR\P /OOD = P>TY DICTATOR%IP AS OPPOS$ TO ! SUPREME IMPORTANCE ( ! 9DU/RIAL /RUGGLE4 ,?IS 9VOLV$ ,Z9OVIEV'S VIEW ?AT ,SOVIET ORGANIZATION WAS USELESS UNLESS ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY DOM9AT$ IT2 AN OPPRESSIVE POLITICAL DICTATOR%IP /AGNAT+ REAL PROLET>IAN EMANCIPATION1 & F9ALLY MAK+ = ! EXILE1 IMPRISONM5T & EXECUTION ( ,Z9OVIEV HIMSELF4 ,! ,5TS*I$5E ,L9KE WAS ,MOSC[ ) A LEFT-T]M9OLOGY ?AT F9ALLY DEVELOP$ A LEFT UND]/&+4 ,H5CE ITS COMPLETE BREAK ) ,MOSC[ & ,P>LIAM5T>Y ,COMMUNISM4 

,! ,5TS*I$5E ,L9KE EMPHASIZ$ ?IS BREAK :5 IT PUBLI%$ AN ACC\NT ( ! RESIGNATION FROM ! ,WEISS5FELS ,T[N ,C\NCIL ( ,AUGU/ ,ME]HEIM4 ,! MAYOR OR ,PROVO/ ( ,WEISS5FELS1 ?AT IS1 ! *IEF MAGI/RATE1 DEM&$ AN EXPLANATION FROM ,ME]HEIM1 AS TO HIS REASONS = HIS RESIGN+ FROM ! ,T[N ,C\NCIL1 TO :I* HE HAD 1BE5 ELECT$4 ,ME]HEIM REPLI$ AS FOLL[S 3 -- 

0 ,WEISS5FELS1 ,M>* #a#b1 #a#i#b#g4 

0 ,I H]EBY ACKN[L$GE ! RECEIPT ( Y\R LETT] ( ,FEBRU>Y #a#b1 & BEG TO /ATE ?AT ,I DECL9E TO KEEP ! PLACE ( ,C\NCILOR :I* ,I US$ TO OCCUPY4 

0 ,AS AN EXPLANATION ( MY VIEWPO9T1 ,I SUBMIT ! FOLL[+ CONSID]ATIONS3 -- 

0 ,9 VIEW ( ! RESOLUTIONS ( ! SECOND CONGRESS ( ! ,COMMUNI/ 7,MOSC[7 ,9T]NATIONAL1 ,I ?\<T ,I W\LD BE JU/IFI$1 AS A REVOLUTION>Y ,COMMUNI/1 9 US+ P>LIAM5T AS A TRIBUNE TO %[ ! PROLET>IAT ?AT B\RGEOIS SOCIETY ONLY USES P>LIAM5T AS A PSEUDO-DEMOCRACY TO KEEP ! PROLET>IAT D[N4 ,BUT MY ACTIVITY1 = YE>S1 AS A ,C\NCILOR1 & ! 9CREAS+ T5D5CY ( ! ,G]MAN ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY T[>DS ,RE=MISM1 HAVE =C$ ME TO REALIZE ?AT P>LIAM5T & ITS SUBSIDI>Y LOCAL BODIES1 >E CREAT$ BY ,CAPITALISM TO DECEIVE ,! ,M,O,/ ,A,D,V,A,N,C,$ ,S,E,C,T,I,O,N ( ! PROLET>IAT4 

0 ,?IS DEVELOPM5T %[S ITSELF1 V]Y DI/9CTLY1 9 ! LATE/ RESOLUTIONS ( ! ,K4,P4,D4 7,COMM4 ,P>TY ( ,G]M471 :]E9 IT IS ACKN[L$G$ ?AT ! ,COMMUNI/S MU/ /ABILIZE ! CLASS 9/ITUTIONS ( ,CAPITALI/ ,SOCIETY4 ,! B\RGEOIS *>ACT] ( !SE 9/ITUTIONS REVEALS ITSELF1 = EXAMPLE1 9 ! DIM9I%+ ( PUBLICITY TO A M9IMUM1 & 9 ! OBLIGATION TO KEEP ALL RESOLUTIONS & DISCUSSIONS ( ! NONPUBLIC SESSIONS SECRET1 :I* ,M,U,/ LEAD TO CORRUPTION4 

0,!RE=E1 ,I H]EBY ,R,E,J,E,C,T P>LIAM5T>ISM & DECL>E MY BELIEF 9 ! REVOLUTION>Y CLASS-/RUGGLE1 & 9 ! DEM&1 ,A,L,L ,P,[,] ,T,O ,! ,S,O,V,I,E,T,S1 PIONE]$ BY ,ROSA ,LUXEMB\RG & ,K>L ,LIEBKNE*T4 

0 ,I ?9K ?IS EXPLANATION %\LD SUFFICE TO CONV9CE A MAGI/RATE ( ! S5SELESSNESS ( RETA9+ MY M&ATE AS ,C\NCILOR4 ,! FAVOR ( AN E>LY ACKN[L$GM5T ( MY RESIGNATION WILL OBLIGE4 7,SIGN$7 ,A,U,G,U,/ ,M,E,],H,E,I,M4 0 

#b4 ,S,*,L,A,G,E,W,],T-,K,O,R,S,* ,G,R,\,P4- ,?IS GR\P ORIG9AT$ FROM ,C4,P4 MEMB]S4 ,?R[N \T ON ACC\NT ( !IR RADICALLY ,COMMUNI/ T5D5CIES & OPPOSITION TO ,MOSC[ RE=MISM4 ,BELIEV$ 9 RETURN+ MEMB]S TO ! ,REI*/AG TO C>RY ON ,ANTI-,P>LIAM5T>Y ACTIVITY1 & TO DEVELOP DEF9ITE POLITICAL OPPOSITION TO P>LIAM5T>ISM4 ,IT C>RI$ ON A P[]FUL ANTI-P>LIAM5T>Y ACTIVITY \TSIDE ( ,P>LIAM5T4 ,! P>LIAM5T>Y REPRES5TATIVES ( ?IS GR\P W]E GOOD COMRADES1 ALWAYS LIV+ & AGITAT+ AMONG ! WORK]S1 & DEVOT+ !IR (FICIAL SAL>Y TO ! FUR!RANCE ( ,ANTI-,P>LIAM5T>Y PROPAG&A4 ,!Y W]E LOYAL TO ! PROLET>IAN /RUGGLE & DEF9ITELY REVOLUTION>Y 9 !IR SYMPA?Y4 ,LIKE ! ,PROLET>IS*E ,ZIETGEI/ GR\P1 !Y /OOD = F$]ATION AS OPPOS$ TO C5TRALISM4 

,! ,KORS* GR\P ID5TIFI$ ,COMMUNISM & ,ANTI-,P>LIAM5T>ISM4 ,IT DID NOT CONSID] ,ANTI-,P>LIAM5T>ISM TO BE M]ELY A TACTIC4 ,ON ! CONTR>Y1 IT DEEM$ ,ANTI-,P>LIAM5T>ISM TO BE AN ACCURATE DESCRIPTION ( ! !ORY OR CONCEPTION ( ,COMMUNISM 9 RELATION TO ! ,/ATE OR ! POLITICAL MA*9]Y ( CLASS SOCIETY4 ,IT DEF9$ ,ANTI-,P>LIAM5T>ISM AS ! FUNDAM5TAL PR9CIPLE ( ! NEW SOCIAL ORD]4 ,! WORK]S' EMANCIPATION C\LD NOT BE BR\<T AB\T BY A ,LABOR OR ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRATIC1 OR EV5 ,COMMUNI/IC ,ADM9I/RATION SITT+ 9 ! ,REI*/AG1 PL$G$ TO UPHOLD & ADM9I/] CAPITALI/ SOCIETY & MA9TA9 CAPITALI/ ,IMP]IALISM4 ,IT C\LD BE A*IEV$ ONLY BY ! DEF9ITE1 PRACTICAL1 ANTI-P>LIAM5T>Y ORGANIZATION ( ! WORK]S ON ! POLITICAL FIELD 9 OPPOSITION TO1 9 DEF9ITE *ALL5GE TO1 P>LIAM5T>ISM4 ,= ! ,S*LAGEW]T-,KORS* GR\P1 !RE=E1 ,ANTI-,P>LIAM5T>ISM DEF9$ ,COMMUNISM POLITICALLY UND] CAPITALISM1 ITS ANTAGONISM T[>DS ! B\RGEOIS POLITICAL CON/ITUTION4 ,& IT DEF9$ ,COMMUNISM POLITICALLY AFT] ! PROLET>IAN REVOLUTION1 9 ?AT IT PO9T$ ! MEAN+ ( ,ANTI-,P>LIAM5T>ISM WAS ! 5D ( POLITICAL SOCIETY1 & ! DAWN ( PRACTICAL SOCIETY4 ,! ,KORS* GR\P /OOD = AN 9DU/RIAL F$]ATION ( LABOR1 L9K$ 9DU/RY1 WORK]S' C\NCIL ADM9I/RATION2 A COMMONWEAL ADM9I/]$ BY ! PRODUC]S4 ,SOVIETS W]E TO REPLACE MUNICIPALITIES 7:I* W]E REPRES5TATIVE ONLY ( ! CONSUM]S' 9T]E/S & SO CONS]V$ ! AUTONOMY ( ! CAPITALI/ /ATE7 & ! ,SOVIET SY/EM W\LD REPLACE P>LIAM5T>ISM4 

,! ,S*LAGEW]T-,KORS* GR\P WORK$ 9SIDE ! ,REI*/AG & ON ! /REETS TO GIVE EXPRESSION TO ?IS IDEA ( ! CLASS-W> & TO DEVELOP ! MA*9]Y ( ACTION ?AT W\LD EFFECT ! REVOLUTION ?AT IT 9VOLVES4 

,:5 ! ,MJASNIK[ GR\P 9 ,B]L9 ISSU$1 ILLEGALLY1 AN APPEAL ON BEHALF ( ,MJASNIK[ & ! JAIL$ LEFT ,RUSSIAN ,COMMUNI/S1 ! LEAFLET WAS IGNOR$ BY ! ,KOMMUNI/IS*E ,>BEIT] ,ZEITUNG & ! ,5TS*I$5E ,L9KE4 ,BUT ,S*LAGEW]T PUBLI%$ IT1 ACCEPT+ RESPONSIBILITY = ITS CIRCULATION4 ,IT WAS !N PUBLI%$ BY ! ,ANTI-,P>LIAM5T>Y ,PROLET>IS*] ,ZEITGEI/ 7,NO4 #b#b71 & WIDELY CIRCULAT$ 9 ,AU/RIA4 ,AS A RESULT IT WAS TRANSLAT$ & PUBLI%$ 9 ,CZE*O-,SLOVAKIA1 ,FRANCE1 & ,RUSSIA1 & L$ TO MU* ANXIETY 9 ,COM9T]N CIRCLES4 ,TWO LONG >TICLES 9 ! ,9T]NATIONAL ,PRESS ,CORRESPOND5CE ATTEMPT$ TO ANSW] ! APPEAL4 

,! LEAFLET WAS SIGN$1 ON BEHALF ( ! ,9T]NATIONAL ,ANTI-,P>LIAM5T>Y ,COMMUNI/ ,F$]ATION1 BY REPRES5TATIVES ( ! GR\PS 9 ,CZE*O-,SLOVAKIA1 ,G]MANY1 ,FRANCE1 & ,RUSSIA1 AS WELL AS ,BRITA91 & TOOK ! =M ( AN ,OP5 ,LETT]1 ADDRESS$ 0 ,TO ! ,WORK]S' ,DELEGATIONS GO+ TO ,RUSSIA FROM ,EUROPE & ,AM]ICA40 

,IT BEGAN AS FOLL[S 

0 ,DE> ,COMRADES2 ,AS Y\ W\LD POSSIBLY TRAVEL TO ,SIB]IA2 WE DESIRE ?AT Y\ LOOK = ! ,LEFT ,COMMUNI/S 7,ANTI-,P>LIAM5T>IANS1 AS !Y SAY 9 ,BRITA9 & ,G]MANY2 ,COMMUNI/ ,WORK]S' ,GR\P1 AS !Y SAY 9 ,RUSSIA71 VIZ41 ,COMRADES ,GABRIEL ,MJASNIKOV 7,TOMSK71 ,NICOLAI ,KUSNETZOV 7,SEMIPALAT9SK71 ,PRO/AT[ 7,NICOLAEVSK71 ROTT+ 9 ,SIB]IAN PRISONS1 & ?AT Y\ SPEAK ) !M P]SONALLY AT L5G?1 & REPORT TO US Y\R OP9IONS & IMPRESSIONS ( !IR CONDITION & ?AT ( !IR FAMILIES40 

,CONC]N+ ,KUSNETZ[1 ! LEAFLET M5TION$ ?AT HE HAD BE5 IMPRISON$ S9CE ,JANU>Y1 #a#i#b#d1 WAS KN[N TO HAVE BE5 ?REE TIMES ON HUNG] /RIKES ( LONG DURATION1 BUT HIS PRES5T FATE WAS UNKN[N4 

,! DELEGATIONS W]E ASK$ TO 9VE/IGATE ! FATE ( ! ,ANTI-,P>LIAM5T>Y ,COMMUNI/S BANI%$ TO ,*>D9SK1 )\T W>N+1 ON ,DECEMB] #b#g1 #a#i#b#d2 ( ! #aa ,ANTI-,P>LIAM5T>Y ,COMMUNI/S >RE/$ AT ,P]M1 ON ,DECEMB] #h1 #a#i#b#d2 & ( ! FOLL[+ ,ANTI-,P>LIAM5T>Y ,COMMUNI/S 3 -- ,ALEX&] ,M$V$YEV 7,MOSC[ ,ELECTRO-TRU/71 ,KO*NOV1 ,T9NOV1 ,MOISSEYEV1 ,MIPHAILOV1 ,SORW91 ,R]S9A1 ,DEMIDOV1 ,POLOSOV1 ,MATROSOV4 

,! SIGNATORIES TO ?IS MANIFE/O W]E 3 ,G]MANY1 ,LAUT]BA*1 ,E4 ,GRILLIS*2 ,FRANCE1 ,F4 ,D'APON2 ,RUSSIA1 ,IVAN ,K>PELANKY1 ,*RUS*5KO 2 ,CZE*O-SLOVAKIA1 ,SWETLIK1 ,ANTON1 ,JOHANN2 ,ORI5T1 ,ALI ,ALIB> 7,9DIA72 ,YAMADA 7,JAPAN72 ,POL&1 ,W4 ,MUSZYNSKI4 ,I SIGN$ = ,BRITA94 

,MY SIGNATURE WAS ! CAUSE ( MO/ 9T]E/+ EXPRESSIONS ( SECT>IAN FEEL+ ?AT W]E V5T$ 9 LETT]S PUBLI%$ 9 ,! ,COMMUNE1 & COMM5T$ ON AT ! TIME3 -- 

,B]L91 ,MAY #a#f1 #a#i#b#g4 

0 ,DE> ,COMRADE ,ALDR$1 

0 4444,WE W]E A/ONI%$ TO SEE Y\R SIGNATURE TO A MANIFE/O ISSU$1 9 BEHALF ( ! POLITICAL PRISON]S 9 ,RUSSIA1 BY ! ,KORS*-,S*LAGEW]? ,GR\P 9 ,G]MANY1 :I* DECID$1 ,9 ,O,P,P,O,S,I,T,I,O,N ,T,O ,U,S1 TO TAKE P>T 9 FUR!R ELECTIONS4 

0 ,WE APPROVE1 ( C\RSE1 ( EV]Y PROTE/ ISSU$ OR >RANG$ ON BEHALF ( ,MJASNIKOV & HIS COMRADES4 ,BUT WE W]E NOT 9=M$ BY \R P>LIAM5T>IAN ,OPPOSITIONI/S ( !IR 9T5TION TO MAKE ?IS PROTE/4 ,SURELY ! PROTE/ %\LD BE COMPLETE & 9CLUSIVE IF IT IS TO BE ( REPRES5TATIVE VALUE 444 

0,) HE>TIE/ BE/ WI%ES 9 ! GREAT FI<T1 ,= !,POLITICAL ,(FICE ( ,5TS*I$5E ,L9KE1 

,K,>,L ,P,O,R,?40 ,AM/]DAM1 ,JUNE #e1 #a#i#b#g4 

0 ,DE> COMRADES6 

0444 ,WE SEE ?AT Y\ >E PUBLI%+ EXC]PTS FROM ! ',5TS*I$5E ,L9KE4' ,DO Y\ KN[ ?AT ! LEAD] ( ?IS ,GR\P 7,S*W>Z7 IS /ILL A ,MEMB] ( ! ,G]MAN ,P>LIAM5T 7,REI*/AG78 ,!IR ,ANTI-,P>LIAM5T>ISM IS ( A V]Y /UMBL+ K9D 9DE$4 ,MOREOV]1 !Y FOLL[ 9 ! WAKE ( RE=MISM4 ,WE HOPE TO 9=M Y\ AB\T ! FACTS LAT]4 

0 ,) BE/ WI%ES TO ! ,COMMUNE ,GR\P ( ,GLASG[ & \R ,BRITI% ,ANTI-,P>LIAM5T>Y3 COMRADES4 

0 ,Y\RS- FRAT]NALLY 9 ! ,/RUGGLE1 = ! ,EX1 ( ! #d? 7,ANTI-,P>LEY7 ,9T41 ,L4 ,L,O,P,E,S ,C,>,D,O,Z,A40 

#c4 #d,? ,9,T,],N,A,T,I,O,N,A,L4 -- ,HAS NEV] EXI/$ AS A PRACTICAL ORGANIZATION4 ,9 #aibg IT WAS A PIONE] ANTI-P>LIAM5T>Y IDEA ( ORGANIZATION4 ,ORIG9AT$ FROM ! IDEA ( F$]AT+ ,ANTI-,P>LIAM5T>Y ,COMMUNI/ GR\PS 9TO A ,F\R? ,9T]NATIONAL1 = PROPAG&A PURPOSES1 TO COMBAT ! MISREPRES5TATIONS & RE=MI/ ACTIVITY ( ! #cRD ,9T]NATIONAL2 BUT DEVELOP$ ! IDEA ( CONTROLL+1 ?R\< CONGRESSES & AN EXECUTIVE1 ! WORLD PROPAG&A ( ,COMMUNISM & ,ANTI-,P>LIAM5T>ISM & DEVELOP+ AN ACTUAL ORGANIZATION ( ACTION4 

,! SECRET>Y1 ,COMRADE ,L4 ,LOPES ,C>DOZA1 WRIT+ ON BEHALF ( ! ,EXECUTIVE ,COMMITTEE1 OBJECT$ ?AT1 9 SUMM>IZ+ HIS LETT] DAT$ ,M>* #b1 #a#i#b#g1 Q4V41 ,I OMITT$ ! 5TIRE PROGRAMMATIC PORTION1 & DID NOT MAKE CLE> ! ATTITUDE ( ! #d? ,9T]NATIONAL ON ! SUBJECT ( ,ANTI,P>LIAM5T>ISM4 ,C>DOZA DECL>$ 3 

0 ,C,O,M,M,U,N,I,S,M ,O,R ,A,N,T,I-,P,>,L,I,A,M,5,T,>,I,S,M3 ,WE DO NOT ID5TIFY !SE TWO IDEAS4 ,ANTI-,P>LIAM5T>ISM IS ONLY A TACTIC :I* URGES ITSELF UPON ! PROLET>IAT4 ,COMMUNISM IS ! F9AL GOAL ( ! CLASS-/RUGGLE4 ,WE MU/ NOT MIX UP ,M,E,A,N,S ,& ,A,I,M1 ,T,A,C,T,I,C ,& ,G,O,A,L40 

,IT IS TO ! CR$IT ( ! ,ANTI-,P>LIAM5T>IANS1 :ATEV] FACTION1 ?AT !Y ANTICIPAT$ ! RELUCTANT DEM&1 YE>S4 AFT]W>DS1 & ) MU* GREAT] PRET5SES TO UND]/&+1 ( ! ,TROTSKY & ,L59I/ ,OPPOSITION GR\P+S = A #d? ,9T]NATIONAL4 

#d4 ,K4,A4,P4,D4 7,C,O,M,M,U,N,I,/ ,W,O,R,K,],S' ,P,>,T,Y ,( ,G,],M,A,N,Y74 -- ,>OSE 9 #a#i#b1 AFT] ! COLLAPSE ( ! ,SP>TACI/ MOVEM5T4 ,! POLICY1 PROGRAM1 & E>LY HI/ORY ( ?IS MOVEM5T IS DEALT ) FULLY 9 ANO!R *APT]4 ,AL?\< IT FA!R$ ! #d? ,9T]NATIONAL 7,COMMUNI/ ,WORK]S' ,9T]NATIONAL71 IT WAS NOT ID5TICAL ) ! #d? ,9T]NATIONAL1 :I* WAS A DI/9CT EXPRESSION & DEVELOPM5T4 ,! ,K4,A4,P4,D4 WAS A P[]FUL PROPAG&A BODY ( ,ANTI,P>LIAM5T>ISM4 

,! LIT]ATURE 7#a#i#b#g7 ( ! ,K4,A4,P4,D4 MADE MO/ 9T]E/+ READ+4 ,MAX ,HAMPEL1 WRIT+ 9 ,PROLET>I] = ,AUGU/1 ! MON?LY ORGANN ( ! ,K4,A4,P4,D41 ON ,M>X-,5GELS & ,L591 DECL>$ ?AT ,/ATE ,COMMUNISM WAS A M]E =M ( CAPITALISM4 ,HAMPEL 9SI/$ ?AT ,M>XISM DID NOT MEAN ORGANIZATION FROM 0 ABOVE1 0 = :I* ALL P>LIAM5T>IANS /OOD1 BUT ITS OPPOSITE1 ! FREE ASSOCIATION ( ! PRODUC]S 9TO ,FREE ,COMMUNES4 ,ACCORD+LY1 IT WAS NECESS>Y FO ORGANIZE ! WORK]S 9TO 9DU/RIAL ORGANIZATIONS1 & NOT 9 TRADE UNIONS4 ,TRADES ,UNIONISM WAS NOT ! 9DU/RIAL ORGANIZATION ( ! WORK]S1 BUT ! /UDI$ ORGANIZ$ NEGATION ( ! WORK]S' 9DU/RIAL ORGANIZATION4 

,! ,KOMMUNI/I*E ,>BEIT] ,ZEITUNG1 DEF9+ ! POLICY ( ! ,K4,A4,P4,D41 DECL>$ ?AT ! 0 ,SOCIALI/IC 0 REAL POLITICS ( ! ,BOL%EVIK ,GOV]NM5T & ,9T]NATIONAL L$ TO VICTORIES = ! ,N4,E4,P4 B\RGEOISIE & WORLD CAPITALISM & TO DEFEATS = ! ,RUSSIAN WORK]S & ! WORK+-CLASS MOVEM5T ( ! WORLD4 ,! ,BOL%EVIKS PLAC$ A FATAL *A9 ( COMPROMISE & DISA/] ON ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION BY ! ADOPTION ( ! ,NEW ,ECONOMIC ,POLICY 9 #a#i#b#a4 ,! REVOLUTION WAS SURR5D]$ TO ! ,ANTI-,COMMUNI/ F>M]S AT ! V]Y MOM5T :5 ! ,BOL%EVIK ,GOV]NM5TT WAS BOA/+ MO/ L\DLY ( ITS IMPRISONM5T ( REAL 7P]HAPS7 & 7ALLEG$7 C\NT]-REVOLUTION>Y ELEM5TS4 ,! ,RUSSIAN PROLET>IANS W]E =C$ TO AB&ON !IR CONTROL ( PRODUCTION1 ! PRIVATE 9ITIATIVE ( ! B\RGEOIS SPECIALI/ WAS 9TRODUC$ & ! ,RUSSIAN WORK]S HAD TO TAKE UP ONCE AGA9 ! HEAVY LOT ( AN EXPLOIT$ CLASS1 :I* POSSESS$ ONLY ! COMMODITY ( ITS WORK+ 5]GY1 & WAS SUBJECT$1 9 ! MATT] ( ITS SOCIAL CONDITION ( LIFE1 TO ! OP]ATIONS ( ! 0 FREE 0 CAPITALI/IC M>KET4 ,?IS ECONOMIC NEGATION ( ,COMMUNISM WAS FOLL[$ DIRECTLY BY A *ANGE 9 ! CLASS RELATIONS1 A FUNDAM5TAL *ANGE ( ! GOV]NM5T ( ! ,/ATE4 

,LEAN+ UPON !IR POT5CY 9 ! FIELD ( ORGANIZ$ PRODUCTION1 ! ,N4,E4,P4 M5 & ! ,KULAKI 7RI* F>M]S7 HAD CONQU]$ POLITICAL P[] 9 ! ,SOVIET ,UNION )\T RESORT TO =CE4 ,! ,RUSSIAN ,SOVIET SY/EM HAD BECOME ONLY A MIS]ABLE C>ICATURE ( ! ,SOVIETISM ( #a#i#a#g1 & S9CE #a#i#b#a1 HAD BE5 BUT ! R$-H>NESS$ BULL ( CAPITALISM1 AT HOME & ABROAD4 ,NO:]E HAD ,SOVIET DIPLOMACY DEF5D$ OR ADVANC$ ,COMMUNISM4 ,EV]Y:]E ! 0 R$ 0 DIPLOMATS W>R$ ON REAL ,COMMUNISM1 ! SPONTANE\S MOVEM5T ( ! WORK]S4 ,AFT] SEV]AL YE>S ( 0 ,UNIT$ ,FRONT 0 POLICY1 ! 0 CONQU]+ ( ! ,TRADES ,UNIONS 0 TACTIC1 ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY & ! ,?IRD ,9T]NATIONAL W]E BANKRUPT4 ,! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY 9 ,G]MANY & 9 ,HOLL& HAD BE5 CONQU]$ BY RE=MI/ ,TRADES ,UNIONISM4 

,?IS EXCELL5T ESSAY WAS SUMM>IZ$ 9 ,! ,COMMUNE1 = ,OCTOB]1 #a#i#b#g1 P4 #a#d#i4 

,! ,KOMMUNI/IS*E ,>BEIT] ,ZEITUNG 7,JULY1 #a#i#b#g1 ,NOS4#e#b1 #$ & #e#g7 TRANSLAT$ & PUBLI%$ 9 FULL MY PAMPHLET ,LABOR 9 ,(FICE1 =]UNN] ( ,GOV]NM5T ,BY ,LABOR.<I.>4 ,IT WAS TRANSLAT$ = ?IS ORGAN BY A SAILOR1 KN[N AS ,IC>US4 ,HE WAS RELEAS$ FROM PRISON 9 #a#i#b#f1 AFT] S]V+ FIVE YE>S' IMPRISONM5T1 = HIS LOYALTY TO ! WORK]S' CAUSE4 ,9 #a#i#b#g1 HE WAS ORGANIZ+ ! FI%]M5 9 ,CUXHAF5 7,G]MANY71 9 ! ,SOVIET =M4 0 ,EV]Y %IP IS AN ORGANIZATION 6 0 ,?AT WAS HIS SLOGAN4 

#e4 ,P,R,O,L,E,T,>,I,S,*,E ,Z,I,E,T,G,E,I,/4 -- ,?IS GR\P PUBLI%$ AN ORGAN ( ?IS NAME4 ,IT CONSI/$ ( ! MAJORITY ( ! MEMB]S ( ! ORIG9AL ,A4,A4,U4,E4 7,G5]AL ,WORK]S' ,UNION OR ,UNITY ,ORGANIZATION71 :O HAD NOT L9K$ UP ) ! ,SP>TACUS MOVEM5T4 ,P>TLY ,M>XI/ & P>TLY ,AN>*I/ 1 WORK]S BELONG$ TO ?IS GR\P4 ,! MEMB]S W]E /RICT ANTIAU?ORITA RIANS & ANTI-P>LIAM5T>IANS1 /&+ = A F$]ATION AS OPPOS$ TO A C5TRALIZ$ ORGANIZATION4 

,! .<I.>,PROLET>IS*E ,ZEITGEI/ 7,NOS4 #b#b-#b#e1 & #b#g7 TRANSLAT$ & PUBLI%$ MY PAMPHLET1 ,LABOR 9 ,(FICE4 ,IT WAS AN 5TIRELY DIFF]5T TRANSLATION FROM ?AT PUBLI%$ BY ! ,K4,A4,Z41 & SEEM$ LESS DIFFUSE4 

#f4 ,! ,9,T,],N,A,T,I,O,N,A,L ,B,U,R,O ,( ,9,T,],N,A,T,I,O,N,A,L ,C,O,M,M,U,N,I,/,S4 -- ,HELD ?AT IT WAS IMPOSSIBLE = ! V>I\S ,ANTI,P>LIAM5T>Y GR\PS1 [+ TO WEAKNESS1 TO TAKE ! 9ITIATIVE 9 DEVELOP+ ! DIRECTION ( ! ,LABOR MOVEM5T4 ,BUT MA9TA9$ ?AT ,ANTI-,P>LIAM5T>IANS HAD TO SPREAD A GOOD ANALYSIS ( ! POLICY ( ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY1 ! ,LABOR ,P>TY1 & ! ,TRADE ,UNIONS4 ,DECL>$ ,ANTI-,P>LIAM5T>IANS HAD TO TRACE ! BEG9N+S ( ! RANK & FILE MOVEM5T1 EXHIBIT ITS ACTIVITY1 & /UDY ! =MS 9 :I* IT APPE>S4 ,AFFIRM+ ?AT ALL REVOLUTIONS CRITICIZE !MSELVES1 ! ,BURO /AT$ ?AT ! UPHEAVALS ( #a#i#a#g1 '#a#h1 '#b#a1 '#b#c & '#b#g 7,VI5NA7 HAD TAU<T ! FAILURE ( ! LEAD] OR P>LIAM5T>Y ORGANIZATIONS1 & REVEAL$ A NEW PROLET>IAN TACTIC4 ,N[ WAS ! TIME = ! ,ANTI-,P>LIA95T>IANS TO 9VE/IGATE !SE LESSONS & DELIV] ! WORD TO ! WORK]S4 

,! ,BURO /RESS$ ! SLOGAN 3 0 ,ALL P[] TO ! WORK]S !MSELVES4 0 ,& IT 9SI/$ ?AT ! POSITIVE =M 9 :I* TO ORGANIZE ?IS P[] WAS ?AT ( %OP-CONMIITTEES4 

,COMM5T+ ON ! >TICLE ( ,HAMPEL1 ALREADY QUOT$1 ! ,BURO SAID 3 

0 .<B.>,:5 WE SEE MATT]S 9 ?IS LI<T1 ! ANTI-P>LIAM5T>Y-FACTORY-ORGANIZATION-MOVEM5T IS NOT ONLY A MATT] ( TACTICS BUT ALSO ( TOTAL DIFF]5CE 9 AIM4 ,H]E IS A T\*-PO9T BETWE5 ,SYNDICALISM & ,M>XISM4 0 

,WRIT+ FROM ,AM/]DAM1 ON BEHALF ( ! ,9T]NATIONAL ,BURO1 ,H4 ,CANNE ,MEY] SAYS 3 

0 ,BY Y\R HEAVY ATTACK ON ,RUSSIA1 Y\ >E M5AC$ ) ISOLATION4 ,WE HAVE EXP]I5C$ ?IS ON ! ,CONT95T4 ,S9CE #aiba WE HAVE EXPOS$ ! C\NT]-REVOLUTION>Y *>ACT] ( ! ,?IRD ,9T]NATIONAL1 ( ,RUSSIAN DIPLOMACY1 & ! TRADE UNIONS4 ,EV]YBODY LEFT US4 ,WE W]E 'DOCTR9AIRES'1 :O ISOLAT$ !MSELVES FROM ! MASSES6 ,:I* WAS RI<T1 ONLY TO ! EXT5T ?AT ! MASSES RESPOND$ = ! TIME TO RE=MISM1 & SO =SOOK ,SOCIALISM1 :ILE WE HOLD AL(T ! BANN] ( REVOLUTION40 

#g4 ,S,P,>,T,A,C,U,S 7,P,F,E,M,F,],T7 ,G,R,\,P4 -- ,ORIG9ALLY1 ! ,SP>TACUS ,LEAGUE & ,K4,P4,D4 ,DESCRIB$ 9 ! ,SPUR1 #a#i#b4 ,A SMALL GR\P ?AT BROKE AWAY FROM ! ,K4,P4,D41 [+ TO LEFT T5D5CIES4 ,9CLUD$ A REMNANT ( ! ,A4,A4,U4,E4 7,G5]AL ,WORK]S' ,UNION1 OR ,UNITY ,ORGANIZATION74 ,HAD A PROGRESSIVE C5TRALI/IC T5D5CY1 LIKE ! ,5TS*I$5E ,L9KE & #d? ,9T]NATIONAL GR\PS4 

#h4 ,O,P,/,& ,G,R,\,P4 -- ,GR\P PUBLI%+ ! ,DUT* ,AN>*I/ PAP]1 ,OP/&4 ,?IS GR\P /OOD ON ! SPECIAL PLAT=M ( FACTORY ORGANIZATION AS OPPOS$ TO TRADE UNIONISM4 ,) ?IS GR\P1 ! ,ANTI-,P>LIAM5T>IANS 9 ,HOLL& W]E ON V]Y FRI5DLY T]MS4 

#i4 ,M,J,A,S,N,I,K,[ ,G,R,\,P 7,B]L974-,?IS WAS A SMALL GR\P ( ACTIVE ,RUSSIAN ,ANTI-,P>LIAM5T>Y COMRADES4 ,[+ TO ! FRI5DL9ESS EXI/+ 9 #aibg BETWE5 ! ,G]MAN & ,RUSSIAN ,GOV]NM5TS1 !SE COMRADES W]E SUBJECT$ TO ! M5ACE ( DEPORTATION & POLICE RE/RICTIONS1 & !IR ACTIVITY WAS TREAT$ AS ILLEGAL4 ,!Y W]E BR&$ AS UNDESIRABLE ALI5S4 ,!Y URG$ A #d? ,9T]NATIONAL1 = PROPAG&A PURPOSES1 AS AGA9/ ! #cRD1 BUT NOT AS A PRACTICAL ORGANIZATION ( ACTION1 ISSU+ DECREES1 & PASS+ B9D+ RESOLUTIONS4 ,!Y 5DORS$ ! ,BRITI% ,ANTI-,P>LIAM5T>IAN ATTITUDE AS TO ! RELATIVE NON-IMPORTANCE & NON-USEFULNESS ( ,9T]NATIONAL ,CONGRESSES4 

,! ,MJASNIKOV GR\P HELD ?AT IT WAS ESS5TIAL TO HEAL & NOT TO EMPHASIZE DIVISIONS ?AT W]E NOT FUNDAM5TAL1 REPUDIAT$ ! SEV]AL MUTUAL D5UNCIATIONS & RECRIM9ATIONS )9 ! ,ANTI-,P>LIAM5T>Y MOVEM5T1 & DECL>$ ?AT ! TRUE PROLET>IAN POLICY WAS TO F$]ATE ! LEFT REVOLUTION>Y =CES1 & NOT SCATT] !M4 ,IT SAW NOT REVOLUTION>Y LIFE & 5]GY1 BUT DULLNESS ( ?\<T & EXPRESSION 9 WORDY !SES ( 9ORD9ATE L5G? & TIRESOME DETAIL$ EXACTNESS4 

,?IS GR\P WAS ASSOCIAT$ CLOSELY ) ! ,ANTI-,P>LIAM5T>Y ACTIVITY ( ! MU* IMPRISON$ ,RUSSIAN ,BOL%EVIK1 ,MJASNIKOV4 ,IT REJECT$ ALL IDEAS ( POLITICAL DICTATOR%IP & ALSO PEASANT ,AN>*ISM4 ,DEF99+ P>LIAM5T>ISM1 :E!R ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRATIC OR ,COMMUNI/IC1 AS C\NT]-REVOLUTION1 IT BADE ! WORK]S ( ! WORLD RESPOND TO ! GREAT CALL ( ,ANTI-,P>LIAM5T>ISM TO ,COMMUNISM & ,SOCIAL ,REVOLUTION4 

#a4 ,S,A,P,R,O,N,O,V ,O,P,P,O,S,I,T,I,O,N 7,RUSSIA74-,ATTACK$ 7#a#i#b#g7 BY ! ,*AIRMAN ( ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY ( ,RUSSIA 9 ! ,G]MAN ISSUE ( ,IMPRECORR4 ,?IS OPPOSITION WAS NOT P]MITT$ TO WRITE 9 ! ,SOVIET PAP]S4 ,IT BROADCA/$ ITS PLAT=M ILLEGALLY4 ,DECL>$ ?AT 7#a7 ! /RUGGLE )9 ! ,SOVIET ,UNION & ! ,RUSSIAN ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY HAD DEVELOP$ A CLASS *>ACT]2 7#b7 ! FI<T AGA9/ ,/AL9 C\LD NOT BE LIMIT$ TO ! P>TY1 BUT HAD TO BE CONDUCT$ \TSIDE ! P>TY1 AMONG ! WORK]S G5]ALLY2 7#c7 ! FI<T WAS ! FI<T ( ! WORK]S AGA9/ ! PETTY B\RGEOISIE :O SUPPORT$ ,/AL92 7#d7 TO UNMASK ,/AL9 & HIS POLICY1 IT WAS NECESS>Y TO UNMASK ! TOTT]+ & %AM ( ! ,TROTSKY-,Z9OVIEV 0 OPPOSITION40 

,SAPRONOV CLAIM$ TO BE ! TRUE ,COMMUNI/ ,OPPOSITION 9 ! ,SOVIET ,UNION AGA9/ ,TROTSKY & ,Z9OVIEV1 AS WELL AS AGA9/ ,/AL91 AGA9/ ! #cRD ,9T]NATIONAL1 & ITS COMPROMIS+1 SUBSIDIZ$ ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TIES ABROAD4 

,! ,TROTSKY-,Z9OVIEV ,OPPOSITION PLAY$ A DISGRACEFUL P>T 9 ! CLASS /RUGGLE4 ,IT URG$ A NEW POLICY = ,RUSSIA & ! #cRD ,9T]NATIONAL1 OPPOS$ ! ,NEP-B\RGEOISIE & MA9TA9$ ?AT ,RUSSIA WAS NOT BUILD+ ,COMMUNISM1 BUT ,CAPITALISM4 ,AFT] :I*1 ! ,TROTSKY P>TY ANN\NC$ ?AT IT DID NOT 9T5D TO FI<T ! ,/AL9 P>TY ( ,!RMIDOR & DECL>$ ?AT IT /OOD 0 ABSOLUTELY & UNRES]V$LY = ! DEF5SE ( ! ,SOVIET ,UNION UND] ! PRES5T C5TRAL COMMITTEE ( ! ,P>TY & ! PRES5T LEAD]%IP ( ! ,EXECUTIVE ,COMMITTEE ( ! ,COMMUNI/ ,9T]NATIONAL4 0 

,IT ADD$ ?AT ! ,SOVIET ,UNION1 UND] ?IS GUIDANCE1 0 IS ! ,FA!RL& ( ALL ,TOIL]S4 0 7,IMPRECORR10 ,5GLI% ISSUE1 ,NO4 #d#h1 P4 #a#g#i74 

,:I*1 AS TIME PROV$1 WAS A PLAT=M ( DISA/] & LIQUIDATION4 

O ,*APT] #ae 3 ,ANTI-,P>LIAM5T>IASM 9 ,G]MANY1 #aib 

,AT ! TIME ( ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION1 ,I WAS 9C>C]AT$ /ILL 9 ,W&SWOR? ,PRISON = RESI/ANCE TO MILIT>Y S]VICE4 ,I WAS NOT RELEAS$ UNTIL ,TUESDAY1 ,JANU>Y #g?1 #a#i#a#i1 UND] ! ,CAT & ,M\SE ,ACT1 AFT] #ad DAYS' HUNG] /RIKE1 FOLL[+ UPON A LONG P]IOD ( WORK & DISCIPL9E /RIKE4 ,I WAS RE>RE/$ ON ,SUNDAY1 ,M>* #a#i?1 AFT] AN EXT5SIVE ,ANTI-P>LIAM5T>Y CAMPAIGN 9 ,SCOTL&1 AT ! CONCLUSION ( A MEET+ ON ,CLAPHAM ,COMMON4 ,I WAS RETURN$ TO ,W&SWOR? ,PRISON & AGA9 W5T ON HUNG] /RIKE1 BE+ RELEAS$ F\R DAYS LAT]4 ,NO FUR!R ATTEMPT WAS MADE TO RE>RE/ ME UND] ! ,CAT & ,M\SE ,ACT & ,I SUBSEQU5TLY RECEIV$ MY COMPLETE MILIT>Y DIS*>GE4 

,I WAS >RE/$ AGA9 ON ,W$NESDAY1 ,M>* #bND1 #a#i#b#a1 ILLEGALLY 9 ,%EPH]D'S ,BU%1 ,LONDON1 UND] A ,SCOT* W>RANT4 ,AT ?IS TIME ,BAKUN9 ,H\SE1 ,GLASG[1 ! ,ANTI-,P>2LIAM5T>IAN HEADQU>T]S WAS SURR\ND$ & RAID$ BY >M$ POLICE1 & AT ! ID5TICAL MOM5T MY ,%EPH]D'S ,BU% FLAT WAS RAID$ BY A L>GE CONT+5T ( ,SCOTL& ,Y>D (FIC]S4 ,! *>GE WAS ALLEG$ S$ITION AGA9/ ! M]NB]S ( ! ,GLASG[ ,C5TRAL ,GR\P ( ! ,ANTI-,P>LIAM5T>Y ,COMMUNI/ ,F$]ATION = PR9T+ ! GR\P PAP] CALL$ ,! ,R$ ,COMMUNE4 ,9TO ! IMPRISONM5TS ?AT FOLL[$ IT IS NOT NECESS>Y TO GO 9 ! PRES5T WORK4 ,! IMPORTANT PO9T IS ?AT BETWE5 ! DATES1 ,M>* #a#i?1 #a#i#a#i1 & ,M>* #bND1 #a#i#b#a1 ! ,ANTI-,P>LIAM5T>IAN MOVEM5T 9 ,BRITA9 WAS DEVELOP+ CONTACT ) ! ,ANTI-,P>LIAM5T>Y MOVEM5T 9 ,G]MANY & ALSO DEF9+ ! ATTITUDE4( ,ANTI-,P>LIAM5T>IANS 9 ,BRITA9 T[>DS ! ,COMMUNI/ ,9T]NATIONAL4 ,?IS SEEM$ TO BE A MO/ IMPORTANT P]IOD ( REVOLUTION>Y DEVELOPM5T & MU/ BE CONSID]$ BY ! NEW MOVEM5T ?AT IS EVOLV+ 9VISIBLY \T ( ! PRES5T REACTION>Y W> SITUATION4 

,DUR+ MY IMPRISONM5T = RESI/+ MILIT>Y S]VICE1 :I* BEGAN 9 ,MAY1 #a#i#a#f1 ! $ITOR%IP ( ,! ,SPUR WAS TAK5 OV] BY ,ROSE ,WITCOP4 ,%E REMA9$ $ITOR ( ! PAP] FROM ?AT TIME ON UNTIL ! ,BAKUN9 ,PRESS WAS CLOS$ D[N BY ! POLICE RAIDS 9 #a#i#b#a4 ,9 ,AUGU/ #a#i#b1 ,ROSE ,WITCOP VISIT$ ,B]L9 & SO BR\<T ,5GLI% COMRADES 9TO T\* ) ! V>I\S SECTIONS ( ! ,G]MAN REVOLUTION>Y MOVEM5T4 ,H] IMPRESSIONS >E TO BE F\ND 9 ,! ,SPUR FROM ,SEPTEMB] TO ,DECEMB] ( #a#i#b4 

,WRIT+ FROM ,NEUKOLLN1 ,B]L91 ON ,AUGU/ #b#d?1 #a#i#b1 %E DESCRIB$ ! RELATIONS BETWE5 ! ,SYNDICALI/ MOVEM5T & ! RIS+ ,K4,A4,P4,D41 & DEPICT$ ! /R5G? ( ! ,LABOR MOVEM5T 9 ,G]MANY AT ?AT TIME4 ,! FOLL[+ EXC]PT BE>S ON ?IS PO9T 3 -- 

0,?IS IS MY SECOND DAY 9 ,B]L94444 ,TO-DAY !RE IS ONLY ONE DAILY ,LABOR PAP] 9 ,5GL&4 ,H]E1 ! ,MAJORITY ,SOCIALI/S HAVE #h DAILY PAP]S1 :ILE ! ,9DEP5D5T ,SOCIALI/S HAVE #a#h1 & ! ,SYNDICALI/S C\NT !IR MEMB]%IP BY HUNDR$S ( ?\S&S4 ,%ALL WE /ILL REF] TO ,G]MANY AS BE+ BACKW>D8 0 

,?IS SMALL EXC]PT ILLU/RATES WELL ! EXT5T ( ! T]RIBLE ,G]MAN DEFEATS ( #aibc & #a#i#c#c1 & ! DISA/] ?AT HAS OV]TAK5 ! ORGANIZ$ ,LABOR MOVEM5T 9 ,EUROPE4 

,FROM ,MUNI*1 ,ROSE ,WITCOP WROTE H] IMPRESSIONS ( ! (FICIAL & ! UN(FICIAL ,COMMUNI/ ELEM5TS4 ,! LATT] %E F\ND TO BE G5U9E 5?USIA/IC COMRADES1 BUT ! =M] W]E NEI!R HELPFUL NOR 9T]E/+4 

,9 AN ESSAY ON ,LESSONS FROM ,MUNI*1 %E ?REW LI<T ON ! BETRAYAL ( ! ,MUNI* 9SURRECTION BY ! DISCIPLES ( ,MOSC[ 0 ,(FICIAL 0 ,COMMUNISM4 ,%E VISIT$ ,]I* ,MU%AM 9 JAIL :]E HE WAS BE+ TREAT$ AS A POLITICAL PRISON]4 ,H] 9T]VIEW ) HIM WAS A LONG ONE & 5ABL$ H] TO GET 9 CONTACT SUBSEQU5TLY ) V>I\S ,ANTI-,P>LIAM5T>Y ,COMMUNI/S 9 ,G]MANY :O CONTRIBUT$ >TICLES 9 ,! ,SPUR ON ! HI/ORY ( ! ,G]MAN MOVEM5T3 ,MU%AM'S MOTTO AT ?IS TIME WAS 0,I BELIEVE 9 ! DICTATOR%IP ( ! PROLET>IAT1 NOT ! DICTATOR%IP ( PI>TIES40 

,ONE ( ! ,ANTI-,P>LIAM5T>Y COMRADES TO :OM ,MU%AM 9TRODUC$ ,ROSE ,WITCOP WAS 0 ,WALD ,QU9T40 ,?IS WAS ! REVOLUTION>Y P5-NAME ( AN AIRMAN1 :O CAME OV] TO ! ,COMMUNI/S DUR+ ! ,MUNI* REVOLUTION4 ,HE WAS IMPRISON$ SUBSEQU5TLY BY ! 0 ,:ITES10 BUT RELEAS$ AFT] EI<TE5 MON?S' IMPRISONM5T4 

0 ,QU9T 0 PUBLI%$ AN ESSAY ON ,COMMUNISM 9 ,G]MANY 9 ,! ,SPUR1 = ,DECEMB]1 #a#i#b4 ,?IS ESSAY WAS DIVID$ 9TO TWO *APT]S 37#a7 ,! ,LIQUIDATION ( ,SYNDICALISM2 :I* >GU$ ?AT ! ,RHUR DI/RICT1 ONCE ! HOT-B$ ( ,SYNDICALISM HAD BECOME ! CEMET]Y ( ,SYNDICALISM1 [+ TO ! ,SYNDICALI/S DISC>D+ ,UTOPIAN PACIFISM & M]E /RIKE 9ACTION1 TO FI<T 9 ! UNIT$ RANKS ( ! PROLET>IAT1 >MS 9 H&1 AGA9/ ! MILIT>Y =CE ( ! ORGANIZ$ REACTION2 7#b7 ,SP>TACISM3 ,?IS *APT] DESCRIB$ ! RISE ( ! ,K4,A4,P4,D41 ! ,ANTI-,P>LIAM5T>Y ,COMMUNI/ ,WORK]S' ,P>TY ( ,G]MANY1 & ! FAILURE ( ! ,K4,P4,D41 ! 0 (FICIAL 0 ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY ( ,G]MANY4 

0 ,WALD ,QU9T 0 WAS *ALL5G$ BY A ,G]MAN ,SYNDICALI/ 9 ! ,JANU>Y1 #a#i#b#a1 ,SPUR1 & REPLI$ 9 ! ,APRIL ISSUE1 DEF5D+ ! ATTITUDE ( ! ,K4,A4,P4,D4 T[>DS SYNDICALISM4 ,! FOLL[+ PASSAGE M]ITS QUOTATION = ITS CL>ITY ( DEF9ITION 3 

0 ,! ,SYNDICALI/S >E1 ACCORD+ TO ! EXPLICIT DECL>ATION ( ! ,?IRD ,9T]NATIONAL & ! REPEAT$ ASS]TIONS ( ,L591 USEFUL & UNQUE/IONABLY REVOLUTION>Y4 ,!Y /& = ,SOVIET ORGANIZATION & = ,COMMUNISM4 ,NOT ! GOAL DIVIDES US FROM !M1 = ! COOP]ATION :I* ,COMMUNISM /RIVES TO ATTA91 WILL RECOGNIZE NEI!R ,/ATE NOR ,RUL]S NOR ,RUL$4 ,!Y ONLY COMMIT ! ]ROR ( DECL>+ BIR? )\T PREGNANCY1 NOT ONLY AS BE+ POSSIBLE1 BUT AS BE+ A BASIC PR9CIPLE4 ,!Y HOPE TO SECURE ! DOM9ATION ( ! WORK+ CLASS OV] ! MEANS & 9/RUM5TS ( PRODUCTION & DI/RIBUTION1 )\T FIR/ E/ABLI%+ ! DICTATOR%IP ( ! PROLET>IAT OV] ! C\NT] 

REVOLUTION>Y =CES ( CAPITALI/ DOM9ATION4 0 

,RETURN+ TO ! ,DECEMB] ESSAY1 & ! IMPORTANT SECOND *APT] ON ,SP>TACISM1 WE F9D ! /ORY ( ! RISE ( ! ,ANTI-,P>LIAM5T>Y MOVEM5T 9 ,G]MANY TOLD 9 ! APP5D$ EXC]PTS 3 

0 ,:5 ON ,M>* #a#c?1 #a#i#b1 ! ,G]MAN C\NT]-REVOLUTION CLOS$ RANKS & W5T 9TO ACTION1 ) ! AV[$ OBJECT ( E/ABLI%+ A ,JUNK] MILIT>I/IC DICTATOR%IP1 !RE EXI/$ NO DE FACTO ,WORK]S' ,P>TY ?AT EMBODI$ ! REVOLUTION>Y WILL ( ! ,G]MAN MASSES4 ,K>L ,LIEBKNE*T1 ! CREATOR & F\ND] ( ! ,SP>TACUS ,LEAGUE1 :OSE WAT*WORD WAS FOLL[$ BY HUNDR$S ( ?\S&S ( WORK]S DUR+ ! BLOODY MON?S ?AT SUCCE$$ ! \TBREAK ( ! ,REVOLUTION1 :OSE NAME WAS LA/ ON ! LIPS ( HUNDR$S ( REVOLUTION>Y WORK]S :O YIELD$ !IR BLOOD 9 ITS CAUSE -- ?IS MAN ( WORD & DE$ WAS MURD]$4 ,9 #aiai ! ,SP>TACUS ,LEAGUE REPRES5T$ REVOLUTION>Y MASS-ACTION1 ! ADVANCE GU>D ( ! CLASS-CONSCI\S PROLET>IAT1 & TO ! B\RGEOISIE IT SEEM$ CLOSE AK9 TO ! ,F9AL TRIBUNAL1 ,A YE> LAT] ?IS REVOLUTION>Y P>TY UPON :I* ! PROLET>IANS ( ,G]MANY -- 9DE$1 ( ,EUROPE -- GAZ$ ) ! HOPE IT W\LD BE ! LEAD] 9 ! COM+ BATTLE = LIB]TY1 SANK TO ! POSITION ( A M]E M>IONET1 & BECAME A %IELDBE>] TO ! ,S*EIDMANNS & ,KAUTZKYS40 

0 ,WALD ,QU9T 0 PROCE$S TO DESCRIBE ! FATE ( ! FI<T]S = ! REVOLUTION1 ! M5ACES1 IMPRISONM5TS1 & SLAU<T]+ = :I* ! ,EB]T 0 ,SOCIALI/IC 0 ,GOV]NM5T WAS RESPONSIBLE4 ,HE RELATES H[ #bd ,ANTI-,P>LIAM5T>ISM DELEGATES1 REPRES5T+ #a1 WORK]S1 W]E EXPELL$1 AFT] ! ,HEIDELB]G ,CONF]5CE 9 ! AUTUMN ( #a#i#a#i1 :5 ! LEAD]S PL$G$ ! P>TY BY RESOLUTION TO P>LIAM5T>ISM & ,TRADES ,UNIONISM4 ,! ,SP>TACUS ,LEAGUE REFUS$ TO ACCEPT ! *ALL5GE & DECL9$ TO CON/ITUTE ITSELF A ,WORK]S' ,P>TY4 ,! ,KAPP C\P D0ETAT ( ,M>*1 #a#i#b1 WITNESS$ ! COMPLETE FAILURE ( ! ,K4,P4,D4 ,SAYS 0 ,QU9T 0 -- 

0 ,! ,EXECUTIVE ( ! ,K4,P4,D4 7,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY ( ,G]MANY7 NOT ONLY FAIL$ COMPLETELY DUR+ ! ,KAPP C\NT]-REVOLUTION1 BUT ALSO PUBLI%$ ITS DECL>ATION ( 'LOYAL OPPOSITION' T[>DS A B\RGEOIS GOV]NM5T1 & ADVIS$ ! H]OIC PROLET>IAT AT ! ,RUHR DI/RICT TO LAY D[N !IR >MS ON ! PLEA ?AT FUR!R /RUGGLE WAS FUTILE4 ,?IS WAS A DIRECT BL[ 9 ! BACK ( ! CLASS-CONSCI\S WORK]S1 & ! LATT] !RE=E DECID$ ?AT IT WAS !IR DUTY TO F\ND ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY ( ,G]MANY ANEW1 9 ORD] TO CONT9UE ! CLASS /RUGGLE ) UNDIM9I%$ VITALITY444 

0 ,! NEW ' ,COMMUNI/ ,WORK]S' ,P>TY ' UNHESITAT+LY DECL>$ ITS AFFILIATION ) ! ,?IRD ,9T]NATIONAL4444 

0 ,9 ,JULY1 #a#i#b1 ! ,COMMUNI/ ,LABOR ,P>TY S5T DELEGATES TO ,MOSC[ TO EFFECT ! AFFILIATION ( ! P>TY TO ! ,?IRD ,9T]NATIONAL4 ,9 SO F> AS ! DELEGATES W]E REQUE/$ TO COMMIT !MSELVES TO UND]TAK+S :I* W\LD HAVE 9VOLV$ ! SUICIDE ( ! ,P>TY1 & ITS COMPLETE SUBJUGATION TO ! ,SP>TACUS ,LEAGUE1 !Y BROKE (F NEGOTIATIONS1 & LEFT ,MOSC[ BE=E ! OP5+ ( ! ,SECOND ,CONGRESS4 ,9 ,P,O,9,T ,( ,P,R,9,C,I,P,L,E1 ,! ,R,E,L,A,T,I,O,N ,( ,! ,P,>,T,Y ,T,O ,! ,?,I,R,D ,9,T,],N,A,T,I,O,N,A,L ,W,A,S1 ,& ,/,I,L,L ,I,S ,?,I,S1 ,?,A,T ,! ,P,>,T,Y ,H,A,S ,N,O,?,+ ,T,O ,S,A,Y ,A,G,A,9,/ ,! ,C,5,T,R,A,L,I,S,M ,:,I,* ,I,S ,C,O,N,C,],N,$ ,) ,C,R,E,A,T,+ ,U,N,I,T,Y ,& ,A,N ,9,C,R,E,A,S,$ ,P,R,E,P,>,$,N,E,S,S ,( ,! ,M,O,V,E,M,5,T4 ,B,U,T ,9 ,S,O ,F,> ,A,S ,M,E,?,O,D,S ,& ,T,A,C,T,I,C,S ,5,T,] ,! ,Q,U,E,/,I,O,N1 ,! ,P,>,T,Y ,R,E,P,U,L,S,E,S ,E,V,],Y ,A,T,T,E,M,P,T ,A,T ,9,T,],F,],5,C,E ,A,S ,A,N ,U,N,W,>,R,A,N,T,$ ,9,V,A,S,I,O,N4 

0 ,! ,NATIONAL ,CONF]5CE ( ! ,K4,A4,P4,D4 :I* WAS CALL$ AFT] ! RETURN ( ! DELEGATES FROM ,MOSC[1 AFT] HAV+ FAIL$ TO SECURE ! ADMISSION ( ! ,P>TY 9TO ! ,?IRD ,9T]NATIONAL1 DECL>$ ?AT ! ,K4,A4,P4,D4 WAS NOT CONC]N$ SUFFICI5TLY TO R5EW ! DISCUSSION ON !IR P>TY PROGRAM ) ! BODIES ( ! ,?IRD ,9T]NATIONAL1 9 ORD] TO UND]TAKE A ,REVISION AS DESIR$ BY ,MOSC[4 ,! PROGRAM1 :I* HAD BE5 UNANIM\SLY ADOPT$ BY ! PREVI\S ,CONF]5CE1 %\LD HAVE =M$ ! IRREPROA*ABLE BASIS :I* %\LD HAVE BE5 RESPECT$ BY ! ,?IRD ,9T]NATIONAL1 HAD ! AFFILIATION ( ! ,K4,A4,P4,D4 TO ! ,T4,I4 BE5 DEEM$ NECESS>Y & ADVANTAGE\S4 

,! ,?IRD ,9T]NATIONAL WILL N[ HAVE TO =MULATE ITS ATTITUDE T[>DS ! ,K4,A4,P4,D4 -- I4E41 GIVE AN EXPLANATION AS TO H[ IT PROPOSES TO >RANGE ITS FUTURE RELATION%IP TO ?IS ,P>TY ON ! BASIS ( ! ,K4,A4,P4,D4 PROGRAM & ON ! BASIS ( ! GUID+ PR9CIPLES =MULAT$ BY ,MOSC[4 ,MOREOV]1 ! ,T4,I4 WILL HAVE ALWAYS TO BE> 9 M9D ?AT ! ,K4,A4,P4,D4 HAS NOT ! LEA/ 9T5TION TO SACRIFICE EV5 ONLY ONE IOTA ( ITS PR9CIPLES4 

0 ,! ASC5DANCY ( A LEAD]-DESPOTISM AFT] ,RUSSIAN /YLE1 IS 9 FACT1 A S\RCE ( GREAT DANG] = ! 9T]NATIONAL PROLET>IAT4 ,9 ,G]MANY ?+S >E TAK+ PLACE AT ! MOM5T :I* /RONGLY T5D T[>DS ! SAME TYPE ( LEAD]-DICTATOR%IP1 & :I* CALL = /R5U\S C>E & WAT*FULNESS4 ,A DICTATOR%IP ( A CLIQUE ( LEAD]S W\LD BE ! V]Y WOR/ ?AT C\LD HAPP5 TO ! ,G]MAN PROLET>IAT1 AFT] ITS LONG *A9 ( SUFF]+ & TORTURE4 ,! PROLET>IAT ( ALL L&S WILL BE FREE ONLY :5 IT FI<TS ITS [N BATTLES1 = ITS [N FRE$OM1 &1 AFT] FRE$OM HAS BE5 SECUR$1 RULES BY ITSELF4 0 

,CONSID] H[ TIMIDLY ! ,TROTSKYI/S APPROA*$ ?IS CONCLUSION & REMEMB] ?AT ?IS WAS WRITT5 9 #a#i#b4 

,G]MANY HAV+ FAIL$ TO DEFEAT ,FASCISM1 ! PROLET>IAN /& MU/ BE MADE 9 ,BRITA9 & ,AM]ICA & ! ,5GLI%-SPEAK+ NATIONS4 ,! HE>T ( ! PROLET>IAN /RUGGLE 9 ! E>LY #a#i? C5TURY WAS ,BRITA94 ,LAT] IT MOV$ TO ,FRANCE1 & !N TO ,G]MANY1 & !N TO ,RUSSIA4 ,IT ?REAT5$ AGA9 TO BE 9 ,G]MANY4 ,BUT N[ IT MU/ BE ,BRITA9 & ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES & ! PROLET>IAT ( ! ,5GLI%-SPEAK+ NATIONS4 ,! ISSUE IS ,WORLD ,REVOLUTION OR ,WORLD ,FASCISM4 ,AL?\<1 F9ALLY1 ! PROLET>IAT WILL W91 ! FAILURE ( ! WORK+-CLASS /RUGGLE FROM #aiah TO #aicc BR\<T ! CALAMITY ( ! SECOND WORLD W> & ! FASCI/ DEPRESSION4 

O ,*APT] #af 3 ,COMMUNISM 9 ,BRITA91 #a#i#a#g-#b#a 

,ON ,FRIDAY NI<T1 ,JANU>Y #b#h?1 #a#i#b#a1 ?REE SEP>ATE ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TIES GA!R$ TOGE!R 9 ,LE$S4 ,! FOLL[+ MORN+ !SE ?REE ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TIES CEAS$ TO EXI/1 & A NEW ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY1 CLAIM+ TO BE ! ONLY REVOLUTION>Y P>TY 9 ,GREAT ,BRITA91 AN ACTIVE DISCIPL9$ SECTION ( ! #cRD 7,COMMUNI/7 ,9T]NATIONAL WAS BORN4 ,! CONF]5CE ?AT BR\<T IT 9TO BE+ WAS CALL$ BY ! ,9T]NATIONAL ,EXECUTIVE ,COMMITTEE AT ,MOSC[4 ,?IS WAS NOT ! BIR? ( ! ,COMMUNI/ MOVEM5T 9 ,BRITA9 ?AT HAD BE5 9SPIR$ BY ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION4 ,ON ! CONTR>Y1 AS TIME HAS %[N1 IF IT WAS NOT ! 5D AT LEA/ IT WAS ! BEG9N+ ( ! >RE/M5T ( ! REVOLUTION>Y MOVEM5T4 ,IT REPRES5T$ ! PASS+ FROM ,COMMUNI/ PROPAG&A TO ,COMMUNI/ ILLUSION4 ,?IS UN=TUNATE (FICIAL FUSION & DOM9ATION ( ! ,COMMUNI/ MOVEM5T 9 ,BRITA9 DID NOT COME AB\T ALL AT ONCE4 

,COM+ EV5TS CA/ !IR %AD[S BE=E2 & IT IS NOT UN9T]E/+ TO NOTE ?AT 9 ,AUGU/1 #a#i#b1 A SPECIAL MISSION ?AT ,I WAS TO HAVE CONDUCT$ UND] ! AUSPICES ( ! 

,GRE5OCK ,WORK]S' ,COMMITTEE WAS CANCEL$ [+ TO MY CRITICISM ( ,L59 & ,GALLA*]4 ,! ACTION ( ! ,GRE5OCK ,COMMITTEE WAS ! BEG9N+ ( P>TY DICTATOR%IP 9 ! ,BRITI% WORK]S' MOVEM5T4 ,D[N TO ?IS DATE MAGNIFIC5T FEEL+ EXI/$ 9 ! PROLET>IAN MOVEM5T4 ,! UNITY ?AT RESI/ANCE TO ! W> HAD 9SPIR$ AMONG C]TA9 SECTIONS ( ?OSE ,SOCIALI/S :O HAD RETA9$ !IR SANITY WAS P]PETUAT$ BY ! EV5TS CONNECT$ ) ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION4 ,9 PLACE ( ! DEADNESS & SIL5CE ( IMPRISONM5T ?AT HAD *>ACT]IZ$ ! W> RESI/ANCE1 !RE WAS N[ AN \TBREAK ( ACTIVITY4 ,EV]Y:]E ! ,SOCIALI/ GR\PS W]E AGGRESSIVE & EV]Y:]E !Y MOV$ 9 SOLID>ITY4 ,NO ATT5TION :ATEV] WAS PAID TO P>TY B>RI]S4 ,! COLUMNS ( ,! ,SPUR1 ! ,ANTI-,P>LIAM5T>Y ,COMMUNI/ PAP]1 :I* ,I F\ND$ 9 #a#i#a#d1 DUR+ ?IS P]IOD ( #a#i#a#i-#b IS ALIVE ) EVID5CE ( ?IS LIV+ UNITY ( ! WORK+-CLASS MOVEM5T4 ,IT WAS LEFT TO ,MOSC[ & ! (FICIAL ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY TO MAKE AN 5D ( ?IS SPL5DID /RUGGLE & AGITATION4 

,! ,ANTI-,P>LIAM5T>Y MOVEM5T DEF9ITELY 9AUGURAT$ ,COMMUNI/ PROPAG&A1 AS ,COMMUNI/ PROPAG&A1 9 ,LONDON 9 #a#i#f4 ,?IS MOVEM5T REA*$ ,GLASG[ 9 #a#i#a#b4 ,! CONDITION ( ! W> YE>S COMPELL$ ! AFFILIATION ( ! ,GLASG[ ,COMMUNI/ & ,AN>*I/ ,GR\PS4 ,KN[N AS ! ,GLASG[ ,AN>*I/ ,GR\P D[N TO ,MAY1 #a#i#b1 9 ?AT MON?1 ?IS GR\P (FICIALLY REVIV$ ITS OLD NAME4 ,ALIKE UND] ITS TITLE ( ! ,GLASG[ ,AN>*I/ ,GR\P1 & ALSO ITS TITLE ( ,GLASG[ ,COMMUNI/ ,GR\P1 ?IS ORGANIZATION1 FIR/ FROM ITS HEADQU>T]S 9 ,W9DSOR ,/REET1 ,GLASG[1 & !N FROM ITS HEADQU>T]S AT ,BAKUN9 ,H\SE1 CONDUCT$ A TREM5D\S ,COMMUNI/ CAMPAIGN FOLL[+ UPON ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION1 JU/ AS IT HAD MA9TA9$ A /RONG ,ANTI-,MILIT>I/ CAMPAIGN DUR+ ! W> YE>S4 ,IT CAN BE SE51 !RE=E1 ?AT ! ,ANTI-,P>LIAM5T>IANS DID NOT M]ELY PIONE] ,COMMUNI/ PROPAG&A 9 ,BRITA91 BUT ?AT !Y PASS$ FROM (F]+ DEF9ITE RESI/ANCE TO W>1 TO PIONE]+ ! NEW =M ( ,COMMUNI/ PROPAG&A R5D]$ NECESS>Y = ! SUPPORT ( ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION4 

,I WAS ACTIVE ON ! PLAT=M1 & 9 ! PRESS1 DEF9+ ! ,ANTI-,P>LIAM5T>Y ATTITUDE T[>DS ! ,REVOLUTION BETWE5 ,JANU>Y #g?1 #a#i#a#i1 & ,M>* #bND1 #a#i#b#a4 ,?IS WAS A P]IOD ( /R5U\S AGITATION R\ND$ BY IMPRISONM5T4 

,NO SECT>IANISM WAS DISPLAY$ BY ! ,ANTI-,P>LIAM5T>IANS & D[N TO ! ACTION ( ! ,GRE5OCK ,WORK]S' ,COMMITTEE NO SECT>IANISM WAS DISPLAY$ BY ! P>LIAM5T>Y GR\PS4 ,IT WAS ! TIME ( 9T5SE ACTIVITY1 GREAT SOLID>ITY1 & KE5 DISCUSSION ) FULL EX*ANGE ( IDEAS BETWE5 ! DIFF]5T GR\PS4 ,BEH9D ALL ?IS ACTIVITY WAS ! IDEA ( PROLET>IAN EMANCIPATION & ! DEVELOPM5T ( ! WORLD REVOLUTION 9 ORD] TO FUR!R ! REVOLUTION>Y TRIUMPH 9 ,RUSSIA4 

,ON MY RELEASE FROM PRISON1 ,I DELIV]$ MY FIR/ LECTURE AT ! ,WATSON ,/REET ,HALL1 ,GLASG[4 ,?IS WAS ON ,SUNDAY1 ,FEBRU>Y #bND1 #a#i#a#i1 & ! SUBJECT1 :I* TRAC$ ! HI/ORY ( PROLET>IAN /RUGGLE1 WAS 0 ,CRISES 3 ,PA/1 ,PRES5T1 & TO BE40 ,! FOLL[+ EV5+ ,I RECEIV$ A PUBLIC WELCOME AT ,/4 ,MUNGO ,HALL1 MY SUBJECT BE+3 0 ,! ,PRES5T ,/RUGGLE = ,LIB]TY40 ,BO? !SE ADDRESSES DEF5D$ ! ,BOL%EVIK UPHEAVAL4 

,AFT] ?IS ,I SPOKE = ! ,BRIDGETON ,I4,L4,P41 ! ,&]/ON ,I4,L4,P41 ! ,BLANTYRE ,I4,L4,P41 ! ,DUMB>TON ,I4,L4,P41 ,CLYDEBANK ,I4,L4,P41 ,P>TICK ,I4,L4,P41 & ! ,CLAPHAM ,I4,L4,P42 = ! ,WAL?AM/[ ,B4,S4,P41 ! ,&]/ON ,B4,S4,P42 = ! ,H]ALD ,LEAGUE 9 ,NOR? & ,S\? ,LONDON2 = ! ,EAL+ ,LABOR ,P>TY1 & ALSO ! ,CLAPHAM ,LABOR ,P>TY2 = ! ,H&S ,(F ,RUSSIA ,COMMITTEE 9 V>I\S P>TS ( ! C\NTRY2 = ! ,FIFE ,SOCIALI/ ,LEAGUE 9 ,KIRKCALDY & NEI<BOR+ DI/RICTS 2 = V>I\S ,COMMUNI/ ,GR\PS E/ABLI%$ BY ! ACTIVITY ( ! ,GLASG[ ,COMMUNI/ ,GR\P1 SU* AS ! ,AB]DE5 ,COMMUNI/ ,GR\P1 ,! ,$9BUR< & ,ROSY? ,COMMUNI/ ,GR\P2 & = ! ,S4,L4,P4 9 ,S\? ,%IELDS1 ,%ETTLE/ON1 ,DUMB>TON & ,CROYDON4 ,! SUBJECTS DEALT ) W]E ! FOLL[+ 30 ,\R DUTY TO ,RUSSIA10 0 ,BRITI% ,LABOR & ,SOVIET ,RUSSIA10 0 ,AS TO ,POLITICS 3 A ,*ALL5GE TO ,P>LIAM5T>Y ,BOL%EVIKS10 0 ,! ,W> ON ,RUSSIA10 0 ,BOL%EVISM1 ,AN>*Y & ,P>LIAM5T10 0 ,:Y ,I AM A ,BOL%EVIK10 ETC4 ,DETAILS ( ?IS CAMPAIGN = ,COMMUNISM IS TO BE F\ND AS 9DICAT$ 9 ! COLUMNS ( ,! ,SPUR & ALSO 9 ! COLUMNS ( A PAP] CALL$ ,! ,COMMUNI/1 ! FIR/ PAP] ( ?AT NAME TO BE E/ABLI%$ 9 ,BRITA9 AFT] ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION1 BUT NOT SUBSIDIZ$ BY ?AT REVOLUTION4 

,9 ADDITION TO ?IS CAMPAIGN 9 ,LONDON & ,GLASG[1 9 ,FIFE%IRE & ,AB]DE5%IRE1 ,I VISIT$ ,WALES & CONDUCT$ A CAMPAIGN FROM T[N TO T[N UND] ! AUSPICES ( ! V>I\S ,SOCIALI/ ,GR\PS1 AT /REET CORN]S1 9 T[N HALLS & 9 !AT]S4 ,?IS CAMPAIGN WAS BITT]LY ATTACK$ AT ! TIME 9 ! ,ANTI-,SOCIALI/ PRESS4 ,9 ! EA/ 5D ( ,LONDON1 UND] ! AUSPICES ( ! ,WORK]S' ,SOCIALI/ ,F$]ATION -- :I* ,SYLVIA ,PANKHUR/ HAD R5AM$ H] ,WOM5'S ,SUFFRAGE ,F$]ATION1 5 R\TE TO E/ABLI%+ IT AS ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY1 ,BRITI% ,SECTION1 ,?IRD ,9T]NATIONAL -- ,I CONDUCT$ A 0 ,H&S ,(F ,RUSSIA 0 ,COMMUNI/ CAMPAIGN4 

,ON ITS P>T1 ! ,GLASG[ ,COMMUNI/ ,GR\P E/ABLI%$ ! PR9CIPLE ( ! OP5 PLAT=M4 ,IT 9TRODUC$ ,GEORGE ,H>DIE ( ,SEATTLE1 & AT ?AT TIME A MEMB] ( ! ,I4 ,W4 ,W4 TO ,SCOTL&4 ,IT ALSO BR\<T ,*>LES ,B4 ,ROB]TS1 :O WAS NOS+ >\ND AS A K9D ( MO/ UNSATISFACTORY ,SOVIET MISSION>Y1 FROM ! ,U4,S4,A41 ACT+ 9 CUNJUNCTION ) ! ,WORK]S' ,SOCIAL ,F$]ATION4 ,IT HAD ,WILLY ,GALLA*] & ,JAMES ,MAXTON ON ITS PLAT=M4 ,ABOVE ALL IT PIONE]$ ! ,COMMUNI/ ,LEAGUE4 ,?IS ORGANIZATION WAS BR\<T 9TO EXI/5CE 9 ,M>*1 #a#i#a#i1 BY ! ,LONDON ,S4,L4,P4 ,! ,LEAGUE E/ABLI%$ A PAP] ( :I* ONLY ?REE ISSUES W]E PUBLI%$1 L>GELY [+ TO ! FACT ?AT IT WAS AN 5TIRELY RANK & FILE MOVEM5T4 ,!SE ?REE ISSUES COV]$ ! P]IOD FROM ,MAY TO ,AUGU/1 #a#i#a#i4 ,! MANIFE/O ( ! ,COMMUNI/ ,LEAGUE WAS PUBLI%$ 9 ,! ,SPUR = ,M>*1 #a#i#a#i4 ,IT WAS AN EXCELL5T /ATEM5T ( ! ,ANTI-,P>LIAM5T>Y POSITION4 

,! !ORETICAL /ATEM5T ( ! MANIFE/O1 WAS DIVID$ 9TO F\R SECTIONS 3 -- 

7#a7 ,/,A,T,E ,& ,G,U,I,L,D ,S,O,C,I,A,L,I,S,M4 

7#b7 ,9,D,U,/,R,I,A,L ,S,O,C,I,A,L,I,S,M ,O,R ,C,O,M,M,U,N,I,S,M4 

7#c7 ,W,O,R,K,],S' ,C,O,M,M,I,T,T,E,E,S ,& ,C,\,N,C,I,L,S4 

7#d7 ,! ,C,O,M,M,U,N,I,/,S4 

,! F\R? SECTION DECL>$ 3 -- 

,! ,COMMUNI/S >E NOT M]ELY ,ANTI-,P>LIAM5T>IANS 9 ?AT !Y IGNORE ! LEGISLATION ( ! ,P>LIAM5T>Y MA*9E1 =1 AS PREVI\SLY /AT$1 ! WORK+-CLASS ATTACKS ! CLASS LEGISLATION ( ,P>LIAM5T BY DIRECT 9DU/RIAL ACTION ?R\< ITS COMMITTEES & C\NCILS4 

,! CON/ITUTION ( ! ,COMMUNI/ ,LEAGUE CONSI/$ ( FIVE PLANKS4 ,!SE W]E APP5D$ TO ! !ORETICAL /ATEM5T M5TION$4 ,! FIR/ PLANK DECL>$ ?AT ! /RUGGLE ( ! WORK+-CLASS = ITS EMANCIPATION WAS 0 A POLITICAL /RUGGLE TAK+ PLACE ON ! 9DU/RIAL FIELD4 0 ,! SECOND PLANK CALL$ UPON ! WORK+-CLASS 9 ! NAME ( ! ,COMMUNI/ ,LEAGUE TO ORGANIZE 9TO LOCAL C\NCILS 9 ORD] TO E/ABLI% A 0 PROLET>IAN DICTATOR%IP40 ,! ?IRD PLANK D5\NC$ P>LIAM5T>Y ACTION & ALL USE ( ! BALLOTBOX4 ,! F\R? PLANK ANN\NC$ ?AT A MEMB] ( ! ,COMMUNI/ ,LEAGUE C\LD NOT BECOME A C&IDATE = ,P>LIAM5T OR ,MUNICIPAL ,C\NCIL OR 9 ANY WAY USE ! ,CAPITALI/ FRAN*ISE4 ,! FIF? PLANK DECL>$ 3 

0 ,AT ALL TIMES ! ,COMMUNI/ ,LEAGUE %ALL EXPOSE ! FUTILITY ( ! ,P>LIAM5T>Y & ,MUNICIPAL FRAN*ISE40 

,COMM5T+ $ITORIALLY ON ?IS MANIFE/O ( ! ,LONDON ,S4,L4,P41 ! ,SPUR DETAIL$ MY RELATION ) ! ,S4,L4,P4 S9CE #a#i#f1 & ! V>I\S ATTACKS ?AT HAS BE5 MADE UPON MY CONSI/5T ,ANTI-,P>LIAM5T>ISM 9 ! NAME ( ,DE ,LEONISM4 ,! $ITORIAL CONCLUD$3 -- 

0 ,TO-DAY1 A SECTION ( ! ,S4,L4,P4 IS PROPOS+ TO E/ABLI% A S\ND REVOLUTION>Y ORGANIZATION4 ,?IS SECTION'S PROPOSALS EMBODY ALL ?AT ! ,BAKUN9 ,PRESS HAS CONSI/5TLY /OOD =1 ALL1 ?AT ,GUY ,ALDR$ HAS URG$ = OV] TWELVE YE>S 9 ! FACE ( ,S4,L4,P4 OPPOSITION & BITT] CRITICISM4 ,?OSE PROPOSALS \R COMRADE *E]FULLY SUPPORTS4 ,HE LOOKS =W>D1 ) US1 TO A COMPLETE UNITY ( ?\<T1 ACTION & PURPOSE ) !SE ,COMMUNI/ COMRADES4 ,HE PL$GES HIS SUPPORT1 AS DO WE1 TO ! PROPOS$ ,COMMUNI/ ,LEAGUE1 & WILL DO ALL HE CAN TO ASSI/ 9 ! REALIZATION ( ITS PURPOSE -- ! OV]?R[ ( ,CAPITALISM 1& ITS P>LIAM5T>Y DEMOCRACY & ! SUB/ITUTION ( ! ,SOVIET ,REPUBLIC4 ,HIS MESSAGE1 LIKE \RS1 & ?AT ( \R COMRADES1 IS ! BRAVE OLD ,M>XIAN SLOGAN3 ' ,WORK]S ( ALL L&S1 UNITE6 ,Y\ HAVE NO?+ TO LOSE BUT Y\R *A9S6 ,Y\ HAVE A WORLD TO GA96' ,COMRADES1 ADVANCE ! REPUBLIC1 BY DEVELOP+ ! ,COMMUNI/ ,LEAGUE4 ,TO Y\R T5TS1 ,O ,ISRAEL6 0 

,! ,COMMUNI/ ,LEAGUE E/ABLI%$ BRAN*ES 9 ,LONDON1 AT ,PECKHAM1 ,BRIXTON1 ,/EPNEY1 ,CROYDON1 & ,GRE5WI* AS WELL AS 9 ,C5TRAL & ,WE/ ,LONDON4 ,MO/ ( !SE BRAN*ES HAD !IR [N ROOMS1 A TREM5D\S AM\NT ( ACTIVITY BE+ ORGANIZ$ FROM ! ,PECKHAM ROOMS AT ,QUE5'S ,ROAD4 

,9 ,SCOTL&1 ! ,LEAGUE E/ABLI%$ BRAN*ES 9 ,$9BUR<1 ,MUSSELBUR< & ,PORTOBELLO2 AT ,ROSY?1 ,KIRKCALDY1 & ,C[D5BEA?1 ,DUNDEE1 ,BROXBURN1 & 9 ,GLASG[ AT ,BRIDGETON1 9 ADDITION TO ! ,GLASG[ ,C5TRAL ,GR\P1 BY :I* NAME ! ,GLASG[ ,AN>*I/ ,GR\P N[ BECAME KN[N 9 RELATION TO ,COMMUNI/ PROPAG&A 9 ,SCOTL&4 

,9 ,WALES1 ! ,TREH]B]T ,GR\P SPREAD ! NEWS ( ! ,COMMUNI/ ,LEAGUE ?R\<\T ! ,RHONDDA ,VALLEY1 ! GR\P MA9TA9+ ?AT ! USE ( ! WORD 0 POLITICAL 0 9 RELATION TO ! CLASS /RUGGLE WAS OP5 TO MISCONCEPTION 2 & ?AT ! P>LIAM5T>Y VOTE WAS NOT OBSOLETE BECAUSE IT HAD NEV] BE51( ANY USE4 ,I VISIT$ ALL !SE C5T]S & EXT5D$ ! CAMPAIGN ?R\<\T ,WALES4 ,MY ACTIVITIES W]E REPORT$ 9 ,! ,COMMUNI/ UND] ! HEAD+ 30 ,SPREAD+ ! ,R$ ,LI<T 02 0 ,T[>DS ,COMMUNI/ ,UNITY4 0 

,OPPOSITION TO ! ,COMMUNI/ ,LEAGUE WAS =?COM+ FROM ! ,WORK]S' ,SOCIALI/ ,F$]ATION & ,SYLVIA ,PANKHUR/4 ,AT ! ,:ITSUN ,CONF]5CE1 #a#i#a#i1 ( ?IS FACTION1 IT WAS DECID$ TO *ANGE ! NAME TO 0 ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY10 ,SYLVIA ,PANKHUR/ MAK+ A DEF9ITE BID = ,L59'S RECOGNITION1 9/EAD ( CONT9U+ ! /RUGGLE = A UNIT$ ,COMMUNI/ MOVEM5T4 ,9 ! 5D1 ,L59 REFUS$ TO RECOGNIZE H]1 & ! (FICIAL ,COMMUNI/14,P>TY1 DE/ROY$ H] ACTIVITIES4 ,IT WAS ! ACTIVITY ( ! ,L59-ADOR+ ELEM5TS ( ! N[ POPUL>IZ$ ,COMMUNI/ MOVEM5T ?AT F9ALLY DE/ROY$ ! ,COMMUNI/ ,LEAGUE4 ,ALL ?AT SURVIV$ W]E A FEW SCATT]$ ,ANTI-,P>LIAM5T>IANS 9 ,LONDON & ! DEF9ITE ,C5TRAL ,GR\P 9 ,GLASG[1 ) ONE OR TWO F$]AT$ GR\PS 9 ,LAN>K%IRE4 

,! ,C[D5BEA? GR\P W5T OV] BOLUS-BOLUS TO ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY4 ,ORIG9ALLY ?IS GR\P HAD BE5 MORE ,AN>*I/ ?AN ,SOCIALI/ & HAD BE5 BR\<T AB\T BY A FUSION ( ,COMMUNI/ & ,AN>*I/ ELEM5TS4 ,! ,FEBRU>Y1 #a#i#b1 ,SPUR WAS $IT$ BY ME4 ,ANSW]+ ! SPOKESMAN ( ?IS GR\P1 ,I SAID 9 ?IS ISSUE1 DEF9+ ! ,ANTI ,P>LIAM5T>Y ATTITUDE 3 -- 

0 ,WE >E DI/9CTLY ,M>XI/ 9 \R ?\<T AS WAS ,MI*AEL ,BAKUN91 BUT WE ALSO OBJECT TO IGNORANT H]O-WOR%IP4 ,!RE IS A GREAT DEAL ( TRU? 9 \R ,COMRADE ,SELKIRK'S CONT5TION ?AT A L>GE NUMB] ( ,M>XIANS CLAIM ?AT ,M>XISM IS 9FALLIBLE :IL/ TAK+ C>E NEV] TO READ HIM4 ,WE >E WILL+ TO AGREE ?AT IT IS NOT NECESS>Y TO /UDY ,M>X 9 ORD] TO PROPAGATE ,SOCIALISM4 ,BUT WE W\LD ASK \R ,COMRADE ,SELKIRK TO REFLECT ?AT \R ABILITY TO DO SO MAY BE DUE TO ! FACT ?AT ,M>X1 ACCOMPLI%$ HIS LIFE TASK SO WELL1 & 9FLU5C$ SO MANY PROPAG&I/S1 ?AT WE FEEL HIS 9FLU5CE 9 WORKS :I* HE NEV] WROTE & C\LD NEV] HAVE WRITT54 ,ANTI-,M>XISM1 AS A PROTE/ AGA9/ /UPID H]O-WOR%IP1 MAY BE AN EXCELL5T TONIC1 BUT IT IS A POOR PHILOSOPHY444 ,M>X GAVE TO ! MOD]N REVOLUTION>Y MOVEM5T ITS VITAL *>ACT] & ESS5TIAL =M4 ,NO AM\NT ( CRITICISM CAN DE/ROY ! DEBT WE [E TO ,M>X40 

,! FOLL[+ P>AGRAPH 9 ! $ITOR'S *AIR ( ?AT ISSUE MAKES 9T]E/+ READ+ AT ! PRES5T TIME 3 -- 

0 ,SOME ( \R READ]S MAY REGRET ?AT WE HAVE NOT DEVOT$ MORE SPACE TO ,RUSSIAN MANIFE/OES4 ,\R REASON HAS BE51 NOT ?AT WE WANT$ 5?USIASM 9 ! ,BOL%EVIK REVOLUTION1 BUT SIMPLY ?AT WE HAVE DEEM$ IT \R DUTY NOT TO REPEAT MATT] :I* WAS APPE>+ 9 ! COLUMNS ( \R CONTEMPOR>IES1 BUT TO PUBLI% 9DEP5D5T >TICLES UPON ! SUBJECT4 ,WE >E PLEAS$ TO ?9K1 H[EV]1 ?AT2 9 ! ,MAY & ,JUNE1 #aiag ISSUES ( ?IS J\RNAL1 :5 ! LABOR MOVEM5T WAS APPLAUD+ ,K]5SKY & ?REAT5+ TO /& BY HIM1 WE EXPRESS$ \R DI/RU/ ( ! PROVISIONAL GOV]NM5T & \R GREAT HOPES ( ! ,RUSSIAN SITUATION4 ,WE DID ?IS1 NOT)/&+ ! DIFFICULTIES UND] :I* WE WROTE1 & \R TOTAL 9ABILITY1 UND] MILIT>Y >RE/1 ( SECUR+ ANY?+ LIKE ! 9=MATION1 ! LABOR MOVEM5T WAS SO BUSY MIS-US+4 ,! FIR/ MOVEM5TS ( ! ,BOL%EVIKS AWOKE \R SYMPA?Y1 & WE LI/5$ TO EV]Y RUMOR ( !IR /RUGGL+ TRIUMPH :I* P5ETRAT$ 9TO \R PRISON CELL1 ) ANXI\S AFFECTION40 

,! ,JUNE1 #a#i#a#g1 ESSAY WAS 5TITL$ 0 ,! ,WORLD AS WE ,LEAVE ,IT10 & WAS WRITT5 ON ! EVE ( ,MAY #a#i#a#g1 & ALSO ! EVE ( ! WRIT]'S ?IRD CONT9U\S IMPRISONM5T = RESI/+ MILIT>Y S]VICE4 ,AFT] DISCUSS+ EV5TS 9 ,RUSSIA UP TO ! PO9T ( ! ,CZ>'S ABDICATION &4 HIS >RE/1 ! ESSAY CONT9U$ 3 -- 

0 ,WE HAVE NO FAI? 9 ,RUSSIA'S DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC1 BUT WE >E SURE ?AT ,RUSSIAN ?\<T WILL PROVE ! HOPE ( ! WORLD4 ,! LAT5ESS ( ! ,RUSSIAN ,CAPITALI/ ,REVOLUTION WILL M5ACE S]I\SLY ! PROSPECT ( ! ,RUSSIAN CAPITALI/IC POLITICAL 9/ITUTION OPPRESS+ TOO MU* ! EMANCIPATION ( ! ,RUSSIAN PROLET>IAT4 ,?IS FACT IS ! GREAT HOPE & PROMISE ( ! ,RUSSIAN SITUATION1 NOT ITS PROVISIONAL GOV]NM5T1 NOR ! FAKE LABOR DELEGATIONS ( ! PRES5T ,BRITI% GOV]NM5T ANXI\S TO SAVE MON>*Y & CAPITALISM40 

,?IS WAS MY P]SONAL VIEW1 MA9TA9$1 CONSI/5TLY 1 DUR+ MY IMPRISONM5TS4 ,ON ! O!R SIDE ( ! PRISON WALLS SIMIL> V]Y DEF9ITE VIEWS W]E BE+ EXPRESS$ BY ! ,GLASG[ ,AN>*I/ ,GR\P4 ,9 ,MAY #a#i#a#h1 ?IS GR\P & ! ,C[D5BEA? ,GR\P MET TO DRAW UP AN ,AN>*I/ MANIFE/O ?AT WAS PUBLI%$ 9 ! ,SPUR = ?AT MON?4 ,! MANIFE/O CONSI/S ( FIVE !ORETICAL DIVISIONS ) AN ADDITIONAL PLAT=M ( FIVE PR9CIPLES & TACTICS4 ,UNLIKE ALL PREVI\S ,AN>*I/ DECL>ATIONS1 IT DEF9ITELY ATTACKS ,CAPITALISM1 ASS]TS ! CLASS W> & CONCEIVES ( ! REVOLUTION BE+ BR\<T AB\T BY CLASS-CONSCI\S WORK]S4 ,IT IS DIRECT ACTIONI/ & ,ANTI-,P>LIAM5T>Y4 ,IT IS PROBABLY ! BE/ MANIFE/O ?AT WAS EV] ISSU$ BY ANY ,AN>*I/ GR\P4 ,! FACT MAKES IT LAM5TABLE ?AT AT A LAT] DATE ! ,C[D5BEA? ,GR\P %\LD HAVE GONE OV] SO COMPLETELY TO ,L59'S P>LIAM5T>ISM & HAVE PIONE]$ ,GALLA*]'S RETURN TO ! ,H\SE ( ,COMMONS4 

,:5 ,L59 ADDRESS$ HIS LETT] TO ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY ( ,G]MANY1 CONDEMN+ AS A BLUND] ! ATTITUDE ( ! ,ANTI-,P>LIAM5T>IANS1 HIS COMMUNICATION WAS ATTACK$ 9 ! ,SPUR1 = ,MAY1 #a#i#b1 AS 0 ,L59'S ,FATAL ,COMPROMISE40 ,9 ?IS ISSUE ! ,GLASG[ ,AN>*I/ ,GR\P ANN\NC$ ITS *ANGE ( NAME TO ! ,GLASG[ ,COMMUNI/ ,GR\P & GAVE ITS HI/ORY UP TO ?AT DATE4 

,! RECORD ( ,GLASG[ ,GR\P'S REACTION TO ,MOSC[ DEVELOPM5TS IS WOR?Y ( NOTE4 ,9 ,JULY1 #a#i#b1 ! GR\P ISSU$ ITS CONDITIONS ( MEMB]%IP4 ,!SE W]E AS FOLL[S 3 -- 

0 ,! GR\P /&S = ! DICTATOR%IP ( ! PROLET>IAT1 ! ,SOVIET ,REPUBLIC1 ,ANTI-,P>LIAM5T>Y AGITATION1 & ! ,?IRD ,9T]NATIONAL40 

,?REE MON?S LAT] ! GR\P REVIS$ ITS POLITICAL PLAT=M1 AS FOLL[S 7,SEE ,SPUR1 ,OCTOB]1 #a#i#b71 ,IT RETA9$ ! FIR/ ?REE ITEMS BUT DISC>D$ ! LA/4 ,AGA9/ ?IS1 IT ANN\NC$ 30,SUSP5DS ITS SUPPORT ( ! ,?IRD ,9T]NATIONAL UNTIL SU* TIME AS ?AT BODY REPUDIATES ITS ' WOBBL+4' 4440 

0 ,WOBBL+ 0 HAS BE5 A FEATURE ( ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY & ! ,?IRD ,9T]NATIONAL 3 CRIM9AL WOBBL+ ON ALL ISSUES 3 ON P>LIAM5T>ISM 2 ON ! LABOR /RUGG.>E 2 ON UNITY AGA9/ ,FASCISM 2 ON ALLIANCE ) ,FASCISM 2 ON ,CAPITALI/ ,PEACE & ,CAPITALI/ ,W>4 

,9 #a#i#b#a1 ! ,GLASG[ ,COMMUNI/ ,GR\P BECAME ! ,ANTI-P>LIAM5T>Y ,COMMUNI/ ,F$]ATION4 ,IT DROPP$ ! DICTATOR%IP CLAUSE 5TIRELY BECAUSE IT REALIZ$ ?AT ?IS CLAUSE WAS NEV] 9T]PRET$ TO MEAN 9DU/RIAL /RUGGLE BUT ALWAYS TO IMPLY POLITICAL P[] & AU?ORITY1 & F9ALLY BUREAUCRACY4 ,! ,ANTI-P>LIAM5T>IANS SYMPA?IZ$ ) ! IDEA ( /RUGGLE BUT HAD NO LOVE = T]RORISM 9 ! /RUGGLE4 ,!Y REALIZ$ ?AT T]RORISM ALWAYS TURN$ TO P[]1 /AGNATION & C\NTE-REVOLUTION4 

,! ,LE$S ,UNITY ,CONF]5CE ( ,JANU>Y #b#i1 #a#i#b#a1 :I* PRODUC$ ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY ( ,GREAT ,BRITA91 WAS CRITICIZ$ BY ME 9 AN ESSAY ,I CONTRIBUT$ TO ! ,SPUR = ,FEBRU>Y1 #a#i#b#a4 ,?IS ESSAY WAS REPRODUC$ 9 FULL 9 *APT] #ag ( ! FIR/ $ITION ( ?IS PAMPHLET4 ,SUMM>Y WILL S]VE ! PURPOSE ( REF]5CE4 

,! ESS5TIAL PASSAGE ( CRITICISM COMPLA9$ 3 -- 

0 ,ACCORD+ TO A CONTEMPOR>Y ! MEET+ WAS ' HI/ORIC ' & REPRES5T$ ! ' BREA? ( ,MOSC[ 9 ,BRITA94' ,! SAME LABOR DAILY 9S9UATES ?AT ALL ! ,COMMUNI/ ELEM5TS 9 ?IS C\NTRY W]E REPRES5T$ AT ?IS ,CONF]5CE4 ,AS A MATT] ( FACT1 ! ,R,E,A,L ,COMMUNI/ ELEM5TS W]E NOT REPRES5T$ AT ?IS CONF]5CE AT ALL4 ,PIONE] REVOLUTION>Y ,SOCIALI/ BODIES1 :O HAVE DONE MORE TO SPREAD ,COMMUNISM 9 ?IS C\NTRY ?AN ANY ELEM5T REPRES5T$ AT ,LE$S1 DECL9$ TO HAVE ANY?+ TO DO ) ! CONF]5CE4 ,AMONG O!RS1 ! PIONE] ,COMMUNI/ ORGANIZATION 9 ?IS C\NTRY WAS NOT REPRES5T$40 

,?IS WAS A REF]5CE TO ! ,ANTI-P>LIAM5T>Y ,MOVEM5T :OSE HI/ORY DAT$ BACK TO #aig & WAS1 UNBROK54 

,! >TICLE CRITICIZ$ ,FRANCIS ,MEYNELL1 ! $ITOR ( ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY ORGAN1 ,! ,COMMUNI/1 & COMPLA9$ ( ! BOYCOTT ( ,! ,COMMUNI/ ?AT WAS E/ABLI%$ 9 ,MAY #a#i#a#i1 AS A MON?LY ORGAN ( ! ,COMMUNI/ ,LEAGUE1 & WAS A G5U9E PIONE] ORGAN E/ABLI%$ BY WORK+ M5 :O HAD BE5 ACTIVE ,SOCIALI/S = YE>S4 ,I PROTE/$ AGA9/ ,ANTI-P>LIAM5T>IANS /AMP$+ 9TO JO9+ ! SO-CALL$ ,UNIT$ ,P>TY1 & ADD$ 3 

0 ,! ,ANTI-,P>LIAM5T>IANS ALONE >E ON ! REVOLUTION>Y SIDE ( ! B>RICADE & :5 ! DAY ( ACTION COMES ! ,UNIT$ ,P>TY MU/ EI!R ACCEPT ! ,ANTI-,P>LIAM5T>Y TACTICS OR RETIRE4 ,9 ! MEANTIME1 ! P]SONS :O >E /&+ REALLY & TRULY = ,COMMUNISM1 & SPE$+ ! ,WORK]S' ,REPUBLIC1 >E ! ,ANTI-,P>LIAM5T>IANS40 

,TIME HAS V9DICAT$ ?IS CLAIM4 ,EV5 TO-DAY1 :5 ! ,ANTI-P>LIAM5T>IANS HAVE LIQUIDAT$ !IR MOVEM5T 9TO ! ,UNIT$ ,SOCIALI/ ,MOVEM5T1 & MA9TA9 A FIRM /& = ,ANTI-MILIT>ISM1 !Y >E V9DICAT+ ! LOGIC ( !IR ORIG9AL 9TEGRITY4 

,! ESSAY PROCE$$ TO DISCUSS ! RELATION ( ! ,K4,A4,P4,D4 7,COMMUNI/ ,LABOR ,P>TY ( ,G]MANY7 & ! ,K4,P4,D4 7,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY ( ,G]MANY7 TO ,MOSC[4 ,?IS DISCUSSION MATT]S NO LONG]4 

,! QUE/ION1 0 ,%ALL WE SUPPORT ! ,?IRD ,9T]NATIONAL8 0 WAS DISCUSS$ 9 ! ,SPUR1 = ,NOVEMB]1 #a#i#b4 ,$G> ,T4 ,:ITEHEAD1 !N ASSOCIAT$ ) ,SYLVIA ,PANKHUR/1 & LAT] A LEAD+ LI<T = SOME TIME ( ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY ( ,GREAT ,BRITA91 ANSW]$ 0 ,YES10 9 ! FIR/ ESSAY4 ,I REPLI$ TO HIM & ANSW]$ 0,NO40 ,H]E >E SOME EXC]PTS FROM RNY REPLY 3 

0 ,WE FACE ! LOGIC ( FACTS1 /& BY ! LOGIC ( \R CONT5TION1 & D5Y ?AT ,L59 & HIS ASSOCIATES >E 9T]NATIONALLY BEHAV+ AS BECOMES G5U9E REVOLUTION>IES4 

0 ,WE ACCUSE !M ( TURN+ 9TO P>LIAM5T>Y TRIMM]S4 ,WE *>GE !M ) SOCIAL DEMOCRATIC P>LIAM5T>ISM4 ,WE DECL9E TO SUPPORT !IR POLICY1 KN[+ IT TO BE WOR?LESS444 

0 ,IF ,L59 CAN COMPROMISE ) M5 ( REALLY NON-REVOLUTION>Y RECORD & EXCLUDE ! AGGRESSIVE REVOLUTIONI/S1 !RE IS NO REASON :Y WE %\LD /& 9 ! PRES5CE *AMB] WAIT+ = ! GLIMPSE ( AN OCCASIONAL G5U9E REVOLUTIONI/4444 

0 ,TAK+ !SE FACTS 9TO ACC\NT1 ,I ASK3 ' ,%ALL WE SUPPORT ! ,?IRD8 ' ,& ,I SAY3 ' ,YES1 ,:,5 IT GIVES UP WOBBL+ & /&S = REVOLUTION4' ,UNTIL !N1 ,I SAY1 CLE>LY & DI/9CTLY3 ,NO6' 0 

O ,*APT] #ag 3 ,WILLIAM ,MORRIS & ,ANTI-,P>LIAM5T>ISM 

,ANTI-,P>LIAM5T>ISM1 AS DI/9CT FROM ,AN>*ISM1 WAS PIONE]$ 9 ,BRITA9 BY ,WILLIAM ,MORRIS4 ,HE WAS SECOND$ BY ,BEL=T ,BAX4 ,BO? CONTRIBUT$ EXCELL5T WORK TO ! PROLET>IAN /RUGGLE1 BUT NEI!R HAD ! C\RAGE TO LA/ ! DI/ANCE AS REVOLUTION>Y PIONE]S4 ,!Y COMPROMIS$ ) ! P>LIAM5T>IANS & RETURN$ TO ! RANKS ( ! ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRACY = ! SAKE ( FELL[%IP1 & HECAUSE !Y C\LD NOT BE> BE+ 9 EXILE4 ,TROTSKY W\LD HAVE T]M$ !M ! 0 ,CAPITULATORS40 

,! /ORY ( ,WILLIAM ,MORRIS1 & HIS ,ANTI- ,P>LIAM5T>IAN ACTIVITY1 IS TOLD 9 DETAIL 9 MY ,PIONE]S (3 ,ANTI-,P>LIAM5T>ISM4 ,IT NE$ NOT BE REPEAT$ H]E4 ,F9ALLY ,MORRIS BROKE FROM ! ,ANTI-P>LIAM5T>IAN ,SOCIALI/ ,LEAGUE & =M$ ! ,HAMM]SMI? ,SOCIALI/ ,SOCIETY1 :I*1 ACCORD+ TO ITS PROSPECTUS1 0 WILL DISCLAIM BO? P>LIAM5T>ISM & ,AN>*ISM40 

,IT WAS 9 ,HAMM]SMI? ?AT ! PLONE] WORK ( ! ,ANTI-P>LIAM5T>IAN ,COMMUNI/ ,PROPAG&A ,GR\PS W]E DEVELOP$ FROM #aig ONW>DS4 

,!SE GR\PS W]E ORGANIZ$ FIR/ BY ME 9 ,CL]K5WELL1 AFT] ,I HAD ANN\NC$ MY CONV]SION TO ,ANTI-,P'>LIAM5T>ISM 9 ! COLUMNS ( ,JU/ICE1 ! ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRATIC J\RNAL = ,MAY1 #a#i#f4 ,?AT LETT] IS REPRODUCE 9 FULL 9 ,DOGMAS ,DISC>D$1 ,PT4 ,I,I1 ,*APT] ,X,I4 

,9 V>I\S DEBATES 9 ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRATIC ,HALLS 9 ,LONDON 2 9 OP5-AIR MEET+S 9 V>I\S P>TS ( ,LONDON 2 9 ! COLUMNS ( MY MON?LY J\RNAL1 ,! ,H]ALD ( ! ,REVOLT1 DESCRIB$ AS 0,AN ,ORGAN ( ! ,COM+ ,SOCIAL ,REVOLUTION10 FROM ,DECEMB]1 #a#i#a1 TO ,MAY1 #a#i#a#d2 9 MY CAMPAIGN 9 ,GLASG[ 9 #a#i#a#b1 & ! FOLL[+ YE>1 UND] ! AUSPICES ( ! ,GLASG[ ,CL>ION ,SC\TS1 ,I DEVELOP$ ! ,ANTI-,P>LIAM5T>Y ,COMMUNI/ PROGRAM & AGITATION4 ,MU* ( ?IS WORK EXPRESS$ ! L5G!N$ %AD[ ( ,WILLIAM ,MORRIS4 

O ,APP5DIX #a 3 ,ANTI-,P>LIAM5T>ISM 9 ,HOLL& 

,IT WAS MY 9T5TION TO APP5D TO ?IS PAMPHLET ! MANIFE/OES ISSU$ BY ,MJASNIKOV1 ON BEHALF ( ! ,RUSSIAN ,ANTI-,P>LIAM5T>IANS1 ) DETAILS ( ,MJASNIKOV'S /RUGGLES & IMPRISONM5TS1 9 ,CZ>I/ & 9 ,BOL%EVIK ,RUSSIA ALIKE4 ,SPACE DOES NOT P]MIT SU* AN 9DULG5CE4 ,! READ] IS REF]R$1 !RE=E1 TO ! COLUMNS ( ,! ,COMMUNE = #a#i#b#g1 MEANTIME1 = ! ACC\NT ( ,MJASNIKOV'S C>E]1 IDEAS & ACTIVITY4 

#a4 ,A,N,T,I-,P,>,L,I,A,M,5,T,>,I,S,M #a,N ,H,O,L,L,& 7#a#i#b#g7 

,9 ,MAY1 #a#i#b#g1 ,! ,COMMUNE TRANSLAT$ & PUBLI%$ ! LEAFLET ?AT WAS BROADCA/ 9 ,HOLL& BY ! ,ANTI-,P>LIAM5T>IAN COMRADES !RE1 EXPOS+ ,RUSSIAN ,IMP]IALISM & D5\NC+ ! ,SOVIET ,GOV]NM5T = PROVID+ ! ,G]MAN B\RGEOISIE ) >MS4 ,! LEAFLET READ AS FOLL[S 3 -- 

,F,R,O,M ,! ,P,A,P,],S4 

,R,U,S,S,I,A ,P,R,O,V,I,D,E,S ,! ,G,],M,A,N ,B,\,R,G,E,O,I,S,I,E ,) ,>,M,S4 

,9 ,NOVEMB]1 #a#i#b#f1 ! 0,MAN*E/] ,GU>DIAN0 PUBLI%$ A REPORT ?AT ! ,G]MAN MILIT>Y BO>D HAD BUILT *EMICAL FACTORIES 9 ,RUSSIA = MAK+ POISON GAS4 ,G]MAN (FIC]S HAD TRAVEL$ TO & FROM ,RUSSIA ON FALSE PASSPORTS VIS$ BY ! ,RUSSIAN AU?ORITIES4 ,SEV]AL %IPS >RIV$ FROM ,RUSSIA AT ,/ETT94 ,!IR FREI<T CONSI/$ *IEFLY ( >MS & MUNITIONS1 EVID5TLY = ! ,G]MAN >MY444 

,N[1 ?REE MON?S AFT] ?IS REPORT1 WE KN[ ?AT ! >MAM5T ( ,G]MANY BY ,RUSSIA IS A FACT4 

,ALREADY1 ON ,DECEMB] #f1 ! 0 ,B]L9] ,TAGEBLATT10 ! SEMI(FICIAL ORGAN ( ! ,G]MAN ,GOV]NM5T1 DECL>$3 -- 

,G]MAN 5G9E]S HAVE ]ECT$ 9 ,RUSSIA ?REE FACTORIES2 ONE = ,A,I,R,P,L,A,N,E,S1 ONE = ,%,E,L,L,S1 & ONE = ,P,O,I,S,O,N ,G,A,S6 

,IT ADDS ?AT ONLY ! %ELL FACTORY IS AT WORK4 

,AT FIR/ ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY D5I$ !SE REPORTS & !N SAID ?AT A CONCESSION HAD BE5 MADE TO A PRIVATE FIRM4 

,AT LA/1 9 ! ,PRUSSIAN ,P>LIAM5T1 ,PIECK 7,K4,P4,D47 ACKN[L$G$1 9 ! NAME ( ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY1 ?AT ! ]ECTION ( ! AIRPLANE FACTORY WAS BY 

,A,N ,A,G,R,E,E,M,5,T ,B,E,T,W,E,5 ,! ,G,],M,A,N ,& ,R,U,S,S,I,A,N ,G,O,V,],N,M,5,T,S6 6 6 

,MOREOV]1 ,BU*>91 9 0 ,IMPRECORR 07,VOL4 #g1 ,NO4 #a71 = ,JANU>Y #b#h1 #aibg 7SPEE* CORRECT$ 9 ,NO4 #a#b1 ,FEBRU>Y #d7 

,D,E,F,5,D,S ,! ,>,M,A,M,5,T ,( ,! ,G,],M,A,N ,B,\,R,G,E,O,I,S,I,E ,B,Y ,R,U,S,S,I,A4444 

,!SE FACTS NOT ONLY ?R[ A LI<T ON ,RUSSIA AS A CAPITALI/IC C\NTRY1 BUT ALSO ON ! ?IRD ,9T]NATIONAL4 ,IT WAS ALREADY V]Y SURPRIS+ ?AT ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY REPRES5TATIVES 9 ! ,G]MAN ,P>LIAM5T HAD VOT$ = A 

,S,E,C,R,E,T ,M,I,L,I,T,>,Y ,F,U,N,D ,( ,S,I,X,T,Y ,M,I,L,L,I,O,N ,M,>,K,S ,& ,! ,A,P,P,O,9,T,M,5,T ,( ,S,E,V,],A,L ,H,I,< ,M,I,L,I,T,>,Y ,(,F,I,C,],S4 

,N[ ?IS IS CLE> TOO6 

,?,A,T ,S,E,C,R,E,T ,F,U,N,D ,W,A,S ,= ,! ,%,E,L,L ,D,E,L,I,V,],Y1 & ! (FIC]S W]E NE$$ 9 ! 0 PRODUCTION40 

,& ,A,L,L ,?,I,S ,I,S ,C,A,L,L,$ ,R,E,V,O,L,U,T,I,O,N,>,Y ,P,>,L,I,A,M,5,T,>,I,S,M6 

,! FUNCTION+ ( ! ,?IRD ,9T]NATIONALISM IS REVEAL$ & ! P>T PLAY$ BY ! ,MOSC[ 0 ,COMMUNI/S 0 9 O!R C\NTRIES IS CLE>4 ,! ,?IRD ,9T]NATIONAL IS ONLY A WEAPON 9 ! H&S ( ! NEW ,RUSSIAN CAPITALI/ CLASS4 ,RUSSIA NOT ONLY CONCLUDES A SECRET LEAGUE = PROVID+ ! ,G]MAN B\RGEOISIE ) >MS1 BUT1 ?R\< ! AG5CY ( ! ,?IRD ,9T]NATIONAL4 

,R,U,S,S,I,A ,I,S ,A,B,L,E ,T,O ,S,U,R,R,5,D,] ,! ,:,O,L,E ,W,O,R,K,+ ,C,L,A,S,S ,( ,! ,W,O,R,L,D ,T,O ,! ,C,A,P,I,T,A,L,I,/,S6 

,9 #a#i#b#b1 ! SECRET LEAGUE WAS CONCLUD$4 ,& 9 #a#i#b#c1 ,BU*>9 AT ! F\R? WORLD CONGRESS ( ! ,?IRD ,9T]NATIONAL1 MADE ! PRELUDES = A NEW ,AUGU/ #d1 #a#i#a#d4 ,:5 A NEW W> COMES1 ! LABOR]S SUBMIT TO ,!,I,R B\RGEOIS RUL]S :5 ,!,I,R L& HAS CONCLUD$ A LEAGUE ) ! ,RUSSIAN ,GOV]NM5T4 ,FOLL[+ ! PROTOCOLS ( ! F\RTE5? SESSION ( ?IS CONGRESS1 ,BU*>9 DECL>$ ?AT ! 0PROLET>IAN0 ,/ATES MU/ SEEK NOT ONLY LOANS FROM BUT CONCLUDE ,M,I,L,I,T,>,Y ,A,L,L,I,A,N,C,E,S ) ! B\RGEOIS ,/ATES1 & ?AT 0 ,I,T ,I,S ,! ,D,U,T,Y ,( ,C,O,M,R,A,D,E,S ,( ,S,U,* ,A ,L,&1 I4E41 ,B,\,R,G,E,O,I,S ,/,A,T,E1 ,T,O ,H,E,L,P ,T,O ,! ,B,L,O,C,K ,T,O ,! ,S,I,E,G,E 0 ( ,RUSSIA4 ,HE ALSO SPEAKS ( ?IS MILIT>Y ALLIANCE AS 0,?,I,S ,=,M ,( ,! ,F,A,!,R,L,&',S ,D,E,F,5,S,E40 

,WE ?\<T ?AT ! PROLET>IAN ANSW] TO A NEW SLAU<T] ( ! PROLET>IAT WAS TO BE ! G5]AL /RIKE1 LEAD+ TO REVOLUTION3 UPHEAVAL RA!R ?AN W>6 ,WE >E MI/AK5 ) ALL ! ,SOCIALI/S :O PIONE]$ ! IDEA ( 9SURRECTION AGA9/ W>4 ,ACCORD+ TO ,MOSC[1 

,W,E ,W,O,R,K,],S ,M,U,/ ,R,A,L,L,Y ,T,O ,! ,B,\,R,G,E,O,I,S,I,E ,?,A,T ,I,S ,A,L,L,I,$ ,T,O ,R,U,S,S,I,A4 

,WE MU/ HELP ,RUSSIA BY ALLEGIANCE TO ! B\RGEOISE ,/ATE6 ,& ,Y,\ ,W,O,R,K,]6 

,:AT DO Y\ ?9K ( SU* AGREEM5TS8 

,IS IT NOT CLE> ?AT ! ,?IRD ,9T]NATIONAL IS ONLY AN 9/RUM5T 9 ! H&S ( POLITICAL MUMP]S8 ,IS IT NOT CLE> ?AT1 UND] ! MASK ( ,COMMUNISM1 ! 9T]E/S ( ,R,U,S,S,I,A,N ,C,A,P,I,T,A,L,I,S,M >E BE+ ADVANC$ & PROTECT$8 

,COMM5T+ ON ?IS MANIFE/O1 ,! ,COMMUNE 5DORS$ EV]Y WORD1 & ADD$3 -- 

0 ,! ,?IRD ,9T]NATION REPRES5TS ! C\NT]-REVOLUTION1 & ! ,MOSC[ 0 ,COMMUNI/S0 /& = ANTI-,SOCIALISM1 ,P,U,R,E ,& ,S,I,M,P,L,E40 

,! LEAFLET WAS DISCUSS$ AT A MEET+ 9 ,AM/]DAM ( ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY ( ,HOLL&4 ,AN (FICIAL SPEAK] ( ! ,C4,P4 AGRE$ ) ! D5UNCIATION1 BUT EXPLA9$ ?AT ! >M+ ( ! ,G]MAN B\RGEOISIE WAS A ,FAILURE1 A ,MLI/AKE1 & F9ALLY1 A ,DEVIATION 7SIC7 FROM ! REALLY REVOLUTION POLICY ( ! ,?IRD ,9T]NATIONAL 6 ,ACCORD+LY ! LOCAL ,ANTI-,P>LIAM5T>IAN COMRADES RETURN$ TO ! MATT] & BROADCA/ ANO!R LEAFLET %[+ ?AT ! ,G]MAN >MAM5T SC&AL WAS NEI!R A MI/AKE NOR A DEVIATION1 BUT ! LOGICAL CONSEQU5CE ( ! !ORY ( ,L59ISM4 

,! LEAFLET CIT$ ,L59'S !ORY ?AT ! PROLET>IAT DOES NOT /& OPPOS$1 ALWAYS1 IRRECONCILABLY1 TO ITS 0B\RGEOISIE0 BUT MAY HAVE TO SUPPORT SU* B\RGEOISIE UND] C]TA9 CIRCUM/ANCES4 ,! LEAFLET ADDS 3- 

,! HAPP5+S ( ! LA/ FEW YE>S HAVE %[N H[ ,?,I,S ,!,O,R,Y ,( ,L,5,9,I,S,M ,I,M,M,$,I,A,T,E,L,Y ,L,E,A,D,S ,T,O ,! ,P,R,O,L,E,T,>,I,A,T ,S,U,P,P,O,R,T,+ ,! ,C,\,N,T,]-,R,E,V,O,L,U,T,I,O,N4 

,! ,?IRD ,9T]NATIONAL IS ATTACK$ = PURSU+ A ,G]MAN NATIONALI/ POLICY 9 #aibc &1 0 DUR+ ! ,RHUR W>1 MADE A UNIT$ FRONT ) ! ,G]MAN NATIONALI/S40 ,REV5TL[1 LEAD] ( ! NATIONALI/S1 WROTE >TICLES 9 ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY ,ROTE ,FAHNE4 ,! >MAM5T ( ! POOR SUPPRESS$ ,G]MAN B\RGEOISIE WAS A DIRECT CONSEQU5CE ( ?IS POLICY4 

,SPEAK+ AT ,MOSC[1 ON ,JANU>Y #h1 #a#i#b#g1 ,BU*>9 DEF5D$ ?IS POLICY & REF]R$ TO ,G]MANY AS PASS+ ?R\< AN ORDEAL ( NATIONAL OPPRESSION1 ( HUMILIATION1 ( ACTUAL PILLAGE AT ! H&S ( ! ,IMP]IALI/ ,/ATE40 ,9 O!R WORDS1 ,G]MANY WAS NOT AN IMP]IALI/ ,/ATE1 & ,BU*>9 ?\<T ( ,G]MANY 9 EXACTLY ! SAME WAY AS HE ?\<T ( ,SOVIET ,RUSSIA4 ,IMM$IATELY SUCCE$+ ! PASSAGE QUOT$1 ,BU*>9 ADD$ 3 -- 

,I MAY H]E OBS]VE ?AT NOT ONLY \R ,P>TY BUT ALL O!R ,COMM4 ,P>TIES RI<TLY HELD IT TO BE IMPOSSIBLE ?AT ! PECULI> POSITION 9 :I* ,G]MANY WAS PLAC$1 C\LD HAVE =M$ SUFFICI5T REASON = DEF5D+ EV5 A B\RGEOIS ,G]MANY AGA9/ ! TYRANNY ( ! IMP]IALI/ /ATES4 

,SEE ,IMPRECORR1 ,NO4 #a1 ,JANU>Y #b#h1 #a#i#b#g4 

,BU*>9 PROCE$$ TO %[ ?AT HIS ATTITUDE WAS PURE ,L59ISM & DECL>$ ?AT 0 ,COMRADE ,L59 HELD A NATIONAL EMANCIPATION W> AGA9/ ! RULE ( IMP]IALISM TO BE POSSIBLE40 ,BU*>9 ADD$ 3 -- 

,9 MY OP9ION ,G]MANY WAS ACTUALLY 9 ?IS POSITION AT ! CLOSE ( ! ,IMP]IALI/ ,W>4 SO ?AT ,! ,S,O,V,I,E,T ,/,A,T,E ,W,A,S ,P,],F,E,C,T,L,Y ,R,I,<,T ,9 ,E,X,P,R,E,S,S,+ ,I,T,S ,S,Y,M,P,A,?,Y ,) ,O,P,P,R,E,S,S,$ ,G,],M,A,N,Y ,& ,A,L,L ,C,O,M,M4 ,P,>,T,I,E,S ,W,],E ,F,U,L,L,Y ,J,U,/,I,F,I,$ ,9 ,A,I,D,+ ,G,],M,A,N,Y ,D,E,S,P,I,T,E ,I,T,S ,B,\,R,G,E,O,I,S ,R,E,G,I,M,E1 9 ITS /RUGGLE AGA9/ ! IMP]IALI/ /ATES4 

,! LEAFLET QUOT$ ,CL>A ,ZETK9'S DECL>ATION 9 ! ,REI*/AG1 ?AT 0 UND] C]TA9 CIRCUM/ANCES1 A COLLABORATION W\LD FOLL[ BETWE5 ! ,REI*SWEHR 7! B\RGEOIS >MY7 & ! ,R$ ,FRONT ,FI<T]S' ,LEAGUE40 7,PROTOCOLL1 ,FEBRU>Y #b#g1 #a#i#b#e1 PAGE #d#f#c#g74 

,:I*1 ) O!R DATA1 CAUS$ ! ,DUT* ,ANTI-,P>LIAM5T>IANS TO CONCLUDE ?AT ,RUSSIA HAD TO >M ,G]MANY AS A MATT] ( C\RSE & ?AT ! TACTIC WAS NOT A MI/AKE NOR A DEVIATION1 BUT ! TRUE APPLICATION ( A FALSE !ORY4 ,! MANIFE/O CONCLUD$ 3 -- 

0 ,FELL[ ,WORK]S6 ,IS IT NOT CLE> ?AT ! >MAM5T ( ! ,G]MAN B\RGEOISIE IS NOT A ' MI/AKE ' ( ! ,?IRD ,9T]NATIONAL1 BUT ! CONSEQU5CE ( A REAL WELL-KN[N POLICY8 ,IS IT NOT CLE> ?AT ! MA/]S ( ,L,5,9,I,S,M SURR5D] US1 ?R\< ?IS POLICY1 TO B\RGEOIS 9T]E/S8 ,IS IT NOT CLE> ?AT ! ,?IRD ,9T]NATIONAL HAS BECOME AN ORGANIZATION ( !C\NT]-REVOLUTION1 & A WEAPON 9 ! H&S ( ! ,RUSSIAN CAPITALI/ CLASS8 0 

,DUR+ ! SAME P]IOD1 ANO!R ,ANTI-,P>LIAM5T>IAN1 GR\P1 ! ,GROEP VAN ,9T]NATIONAL ,KOMMUNI/5 WAS CIRCULAT+ AN 9T]E/+ LEAFLET ON ! REVOLUTION 9 ,*9A4 ,! FOLL[+ EXC]PTS EXPLA9 ! EV5TS ( ! ,*9ESE ,REVOLUTION 3 -- 

,U,N,I,T,$ ,F,R,O,N,T4 

,! MO/ IMPORTANT FEATURE 9 ! HI/ORY ( ! WORLD IS ! 0AWAK5+ ( ,*9A40 ,9 ! NATIONAL /RUGGLE = FRE$OM1 ALL REVOLUTION>IES JO9 9 A ,U,N,I,T,$ ,F,R,O,N,T TO ROB ! 0=EIGN TYRANTS0 ( !IR PRIVILEGES & TO GIVE ! ,N,A,T,I,O,N,A,L =CES FREE SCOPE4 ,EV]Y REVOLUTION>Y1 MANUFACTUR]1 BANK DIRECTOR1 L&$ PROPRIETOR1 OR PROLET>IAN UNITES 9 ! ,D,E,M,O,C,R,A,T,I,C ,P,>,T,Y 7,K\M9TANG71 TO PREP>E A NEW P]IOD OR DEVELOPM5T = OLD ,*9A4 

,! ,P,R,O,L,E,T,>,I,A,T ,P,U,T ,(,F4 

,:AT IS B\ND TO /RIKE US 9 ?IS /RUGGLE IS ! FACT ( ! PROLET>IAT NOT ACT+ AS AN 9DEP5D5T =CE ) ITS ,[,N ,C,L,A,S,S ,P,U,R,P,O,S,E,S1 BUT S]V+ AS A PUPPET ( ! ,*9ESE B\RGEOISIE4 ,!RE=E WE NEV] SEE ! DEVICES3 0 ,A,L,L4 ,P,[,] ,T,O ,! ,S,O,V,I,E,T,S0 OR 0,! ,L,& ,T,O ,! ,L,A,B,O,R,],S0 6 ,NEI!R ! PROLET>IANS NOR ! F>M LABOR]S /ATE !IR [N CLASS PURPOSES4 ,SO ALL ! REVOLUTION AM\NTS TO IS1 ?AT ! PROLET>IANS ( ! T[NS & ! F>M WORK]S ( ! C\NTRY FI<T = ! AIMS ( 

0 ,!,I,R 0 B\RGEOISIE1 = ! FRE$OM ( 0 ,!,I,R 0 NATION4 ,BUT IT IS ( NO CONSEQU5CE TO ! PROLET>IAT :E!R IT IS EXPLOIT$ BY =EIGN OR BY ,*9ESE CAPITALI/S4 ,AS A CLASS IT CAN ONLY AIM AT ,COMMUNISM1 & !RE=E MAKE = COMPLETE 9DU/RIAL REVOLUTION4 ,AFT] ALL1 ! ,*9ESE B\RGEOISIE WILL ,N,O,T RESPECT ! 0 ,N,A,T,I,O,N40 ,AS SOON AS ,*9A 5JOYS ! SAME RI<TS AS ! O!R CAPITALI/IC P[]S1 ,*9A1 :I* WILL MEAN ! ,*9ESE B\RGEOISIE1 WILL JO9 ! ,9,T,],N,A,T,I,O,N,A,L ,S,Y,N,D,I,C,A,T,E ,( ,! ,W,O,R,L,D',S ,E,X,T,O,R,T,I,O,N,I,/,S4 ,! CANNONS N[ AIM$ AT ! =EIGN =CES WILL BE TURN$ R\ND & PO9T$ AT ! PROLET>IAT6 444 

,R,U,S,S,I,A4 

,9 ?IS 0 FI<T = FRE$OM 0 9 ,*9A1 ,RUSSIA PLAYS AN IMPORTANT ROLE1 BUT NOT A PROLET>IAN ONE4 ,RUSSIA ( #aibg IS NOT ! SAME AS ,RUSSIA ( #a#i#a#g4 ,! ,RUSSIA ( TO-DAY IS A ,RUSSIA SEEK+ CAPITALI/IC ALLIES AT ANY CO/4 ,I,T ,I,S ,! ,R,U,S,S,I,A ,( ,! ,T,R,E,A,T,I,E,S ,) ,C,A,P,I,T,A,L,I,/,I,C ,G,O,V,],N,M,5,T,S4 ,JU/ AS IT SUPPLI$ AMMUNITION TO ! ,G]MAN & ,TURKI% B\RGEOISIE1 ) :I* ! ,G]MAN & ,TURKI% PROLET>IAT W]E MURD]$1 SO IT WILL SUPPLY BOMBS TO ! ,*9ESE B\RGEOISIE = ! MURD] ( ,*9ESE WORKM5444 ,EV]Y:]E ,MOSC[ PREV5TS ! DEVELOPM5T ( PROLET>IAN P[] BY ITS 0 UNIT$ FRONT 0 ) ! B\RGEOISIE4 ,MOSC[ WORKS V]Y SY/EMATICALLY3 ONE TACTIC = ! :OLE WORLD2 BUT NOT A PROLET>IAT TACTIC4 

,! LEAFLET QUOT$ AT L5G? FROM ,IMPRECORR1 ,NO4 #a#e#e1 #b#a/ ,DECEMB]1 #a#i#b#f1 ,/AL9'S !SIS ON ! ,*9ESE ,REVOLUTION1 :I* IT D5\NC$ RI<TLY AS C\NT]-REVOLUTION>Y4 

,! LEAFLET >RIVES AT SEV]AL CONCLUSIONS FROM :I* WE QUOTE ONE 3 -- 

,RUSSIAN POLITICS 9 ,*9A HAS BE5 AS TREASONABLE TO ! WORK+-CLASS AS 9 ,RUSSIA ITSELF1 & AS 9 ,EUROPE4 ,UND] COV] ( REVOLUTION>Y PHRASES1 %E MAKES ,COMMUNISM ID5TICAL ) M]E RE=MISM1 RADICAL1 OR RA!R1 NON-RADICAL RE=M+ POLITICS4 

,9 ! LAT] /ATEM5T1 EMPHASIZ+ ! ACCURACY ( ?IS E>LI] LEAFLET1 ! ,DUT* COMRADES SAID 3 -- 

,WILL ! PROLET>IANS ( ! WORLD TAKE IT AS A LESSON1 ?AT ,RUSSIA'S ONLY ROLE IS ?AT ( TRAITOR TO ! WORK+-CLASS1 ?AT ,RUSSIA WILL NEV] REALLY M5ACE ,CAPITALISM1 BUT ONLY SEEK ALLIANCES ) ! B\RGEOISIE8 

O ,APP5DIX #b 3 ,MC,GOV]N & ,GALLA<] 

#aN ! ,GLASG[ PAP]1 ,! ,WORK]1 = ,SEPTEMB] #c1 #a#i#b#b1 ,W4 ,GALLA*]1 :O WAS LAT] TO BECOME ,M4,P4 = ,FIFE1 PUBLI%$ AN >TICLE 5TITL$ ,! ,REVOLUTION>RY ,UNIT$ ,FRONT1 9 :I* HE PRAIS$ ,RIT*IE1 :O WAS AFT]W>DS TO BECOME A ,GLASG[ ,LABOR ,BAILIE & !N A DISCR$IT$ MUNICIPAL CORRUPTIONI/1 AT ! EXP5SE ( V>I\S P]SONS 9CLUD+ MYSELF4 ,?AT >TICLE IS ONLY REF]R$ TO 9 ?IS ,APP5DIX BECAUSE ( A REF]5CE ?AT ,GALLA*] MADE TO ,JOHN ,MC,GOV]N1 !N AN ,ANTI-P>LIAM5T>IAN & N[ ,M4,P4 = ,%ETTLE/ON4 ,GALLA*]'S REF]5CE IS AS FOLL[S 3 -- 

,J4 ,MC,GOV]N1 :O A WEEK AGO WAS TALK+ TO ME AB\T JO9+ ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY1 HAS ONCE AGA9 F\ND GRACE1 & DRAW+ HIS REVOLUTION>Y CLOAK >\ND HIM1 HAS PUBLICLY %$ TE>S OV] MY AWFUL FALL4 ,H]E1 AT ANY RATE1 IS SUFFICI5T REVOLUTION>Y MAT]IAL = A />T4 ,H]E IS A TASK = ,ALDR$ :O WANTS 0 ,A ,REVOLUTION>Y ,UNIT$ ,FRONT40 ,LET HIM 9VITE !SE1 & :ATEV] O!R 0 ,PURI/S0 MAY BE F\ND1 TO A CONF]5CE1 & !RE LET !M AGREE ON A POSITIVE REVOLUTION>Y POLICY4 ,I KN[ !Y W\LD ALL AGREE ON ABUS+ ! ,C4 ,P41 BUT !N ,ALDR$ CAN GET A ,UNIT$ ,FRONT ) ! BOSS CLASS ON ?AT4 

,JOHN ,MC,GOV]N REPLI$ TO ,GALLA*] 9 ! ,WORK] = ,OCTOB] #a#d1 #a#i#b#b44 ,MC,GOV]N'S REPLY MAKES MO/ 9T]E/+ READ+ 9 ! LI<T ( SUBSEQU5T EV5TS4 ,GALLA*] COMM5T$ UPON IT AS FOLL[S 3 

,MC,GOV]N IS SIMPLY PLAY+ UPON HIS IMAG9ATION :5 HE S]VES UP ! =EGO+ AS HAV+ BE5 A CONV]SATION ) ME4 ,H[EV]1 IT IS NOT WOR? WORRY+ AB\T4 ,MC,GOV]N'S JOB IS TO SET AB\T BUILD+ UP A ,REVOLUTION>Y ,P>TY ) A ,REVOLUTION>Y ,POLICY4 ,LET HIM GA!R HIS 0PURI/ 0 COLLEAGUES TOGE!R & GET ON ) ! JOB4 ,HE'LL HAVE HIS WORK CUT \T4 

,IT IS IMPOSSIBLE TO DECIDE BETWE5 ,MC,GOV]N & ,GALLA*] AS TO :I* /ATEM5T IS CORRECT4 ,! PROBABILITY IS ?AT ,MC,GOV]N'S /ATEM5T CONTA9S ! MO/ TRU?4 ,:ATEV] ONE'S OP9IONS MAY BE AS TO ,MC,GOV]N'S MANN] 9 GETT+ 9TO ,P>LIAM5T1 IT IS AT LEA/ C]TA9 ?AT TO ! BE/ ( HIS ABILITY HE HAS US$ ! ,H\SE ( ,COMMONS AS A S\ND+ BO>D = MU* ,SOCIALI/ PROTE/ & AGITATION4 ,:ATEV] HIS FAULTS HE IS ! ONLY ,M4,P4 :O HAS *ALL5G$ ! ,H\SE ON ! ,OA? ( ,ALLEGIANCE FROM ! /&PO9T ( ,SOCIALISM & PUBLIC P]JURY4 ,:]E ! ,MC,GOV]N ( #aibb D5\NCES ! FOLLIES ( ,P>LIAM5T>ISM & COMES 9TO CONFLICT ) ! ,MC,GOV]N ( #a#i#d#b1 ,I HAVE NO D\BT ?AT IT IS ! #aibb ,JOHN ,MC,GOV]N :O IS CORRECT4 

,H]E IS ,MC,GOV]N'S LETT] AS PUBLI%$ 9 ,! ,WORK]14 ,OCTOB] #a#d1 #aibb 3 -- 

,M,C,G,O,V,],N ,R,E,P,L,I,E,S ,T,O ,G,A,L,L,A,*,]4 

#ac ,BURNBANK ,G>D5S1 ,GLASG[4 

,DE> ,COMRADE3 

,IT IS ) RELUCTANCE ,I TAKE UP MY P5 9 REPLY TO ,WM4 ,GALLA*]'S /ATEM5T 9 LA/ ISSUE ( ! 0 ,WORK]40 BECAUSE ,I RECOGNIZE ?AT ,I HAVE ONE ?+ 9 COMMON ) HIM -- ,I W\LD NEV] BE A SUCCESSFUL J\RNALI/1 & ?AT WE W\LD BE WELL ADVIS$ TO LEAVE IT ALONE4 ,H[EV]1 HE HAS MADE A /ATEM5T CONC]N+ MYSELF1 ?AT ,I FEEL COMPELL$ TO ANSW]1 VIZ4 -- ?AT ,I DISCUSS$ ) HIM ! PROSPECT ( MY JO9+ ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY ( ,GREAT ,BRITA94 

,WE HAD A CONV]SATION NOT1 AS HE /ATES1 AB\T A WEEK AGO1 BUT SOME SIX WEEKS AGO1 :5 WE DISCUSS$ ! PROSPECT ( ,UNITY4 

,GALLA*] ASK$ ME TO TELL ,ALDR$ ?AT HE WANT$ A DISCUSSION ) HIM1 & W\LD COME ALONG ! FOLL[+ WEEK TO #ac ,BURNBANK ,G>D5S1 & WE W\LD ALL HAVE A TALK AB\T ! POSITION ( ! MOVEM5T4 ,9 ANSW] TO ! /ATEM5T ?AT IS (T5 MADE -- ?AT ,ALDR$ DOES NOT DESIRE ,UNITY -- ,I SUGGE/$ TO ,GALLA*] ?AT HE %\LD USE HIS EF=TS T[>DS =M+ A UNIT$ ,C4,P4 9 :I* WE C\LD ALL WORK TOGE!R4 ,I SUGGE/$ ?AT ! ,EXECUTIVE ( ! ,C4,P4,B4,G4 %\LD BE ASK$ TO CONV5E A MEET+ ( ALL ! DELEGATES ( ! ,ANTI-,P>LIAM5T>IAN BRAN*ES1 9CLUD+ ,GUY ,ALDR$1 & SEE IF WE C\LD =M A COMMON PROGRAM ON ! ,ANTI-,P>LIAM5T>Y QUE/ION4 ,GALLA*] ,CONFESS$ TO ME ?AT ! ,C4,P4 ( ,G4,B4 ,EXECUTIVE W]E NOT ANXI\S TO HAVE ,ALDR$ 9 ! ,P>TY1 = ! FOLL[+ REASONS3 

7#a7 ,?AT !Y ALL ADMITT$ ?AT ,ALDR$ WAS ! ABLE/ ,COMMUNI/ PROPAG&I/ 9 ,GREAT ,BRITA91 & AS SU* !Y W]E AFRAID ( HIS P[]4 

7#b7 ,?AT HE W\LD BECOME ! LEAD] ( ! ,C4,P4,B4,G4 & UNSEAT SOME ( ! O!RS1 SU* AS ,MC,MANUS1 ,BELL OR ,PAUL1 :O HAD NOT SU* KN[L$GE OR ABILITY1 & C\LD NOT WIPE ,ALDR$'S BOOTS4 

7#c7 ,?AT !Y DID NOT DESIRE DEBATES ) ,ALDR$1 AS !Y W\LD BE DETRIM5TAL TO ! ,C4,P4,B4,G4 

7#d7 ,?AT HE 7,GALLA*]7 HAD GOT HELL = >RANG+ A DEBATE ) ,ALDR$ ON ! ,SUNDAY ( ! ,S*W>TZ DEBATE4 ,! ,C4,P4,B4,G4 ,EXECUTIVE HAD SAID ?AT ?IS WAS :AT ,ALDR$ WAS \T = -- & :AT !Y WANT$ TO AVOID -- & ?AT HE HAD DELIB]ATELY PLAY$ 9TO ,ALDR$'S 0 B>R[40 

,!RE IS NO D\BT ?AT ! ABOVE W\LD BE ! COMPLETE EXPLANATION ( ,GALLA*]'S /ATEM5T4 ,BUT ?OSE :O C\LD ATTEMPT TO KID ! 0 ,RUSSIAN 0 ,9T]NATIONAL ?AT !Y HAD #e1 MEMB]S 9 ! ,WORK]S' ,COMMITTEE MOVEM5T 9 ?IS C\NTRY1 DO NOT M9D /RET*+ O!R /ATEM5TS ALSO4 

,I AGREE ?AT1 9 ANSW] TO QUE/IONS1 ,I HAVE PAID A TRIBUTE TO ,GALLA*]'S SACRIFICES = HIS PR9CIPLES1 BUT AT ! SAME TIME ,I HAVE ALWAYS URG$ ?AT ?AT C\LD BE NO EXCUSE = HIS BETRAYAL ( HIS BOA/$ ,ANTI-,P>LIAM5T>Y VIEWS ( ! PA/4 ,IT IS JU/ AB\T TIME ?AT SOME ONE WAS WEEP+ = ?OSE ,COMMUNI/S :O >E *ANG+ !IR POSITION AS (T51 & AS FA/1 AS ! ,BRITI% ,>MY 9 !IR RETREAT FROM ,MONS4 

,IT SEEMS RA!R /RANGE ?AT1 IF ,GALLA*]'S ATTITUDE IS DICTAT$ BY ! RANK & FILE1 ! REVOLT AGA9/ ! 0 ,UNIT$ ,FRONT0 %\LD COME1 NOT FROM ! ,LEAD]S OR ! 

0 ,9TELLECTUALS10 BUT FROM ! ORD9>Y BRAN* MEMB]S :O HAVE OBJECT$ TO ?IS WEEKLY *ANGE ( TACTICS4 

,GO ON ) Y\R ,P>LIAM5T>ISM & OA?S ( ALLEGIANCE TO 0 ,K+ ,GEORGE1 HIS HEIRS & SUCCESSORS 0 3 ,CONT9UE Y\R ASSOCIATION ) ,P4,C4 ,BLACK-,FRIDAY ,?OMAS1 ,ANTI-W> RECRUIT+ ,RAMSAY ,MACDONALD1 ,COMMUNAL PRISON-W>D] ,DOLLAN1 ,CAB9ET DOOR-MAT ,H5D]SON1 & ALL ! O!R TRAITORS TO ! WORK+-CLASS MOVEM5T6 ,REMEMB] ?AT ,COLONEL ,MALONE'S ,COMMUNISM HAS NOT KEPT HIM FROM SUPPORT+ 9 ! ,WE/M9/] 7GAS7 ,H\SE A /RONG ,AIR ,=CE 9 DEF5SE ( IMP]IALISM4 

,TURN \T ,SYLVIA ,PANKHUR/ = BE+ TOO EXTREME & HAV+ SOME 9DEP5D5CE1 BUT KEEP ! KHAKI-CLAD COLONELS 9 Y\R RANKS2 CONDEMN ,P4,C4 ,J4 ,H4 ,?OMAS = TAK+ ! OA? ( A ,PRIVY ,C\NCILOR1 BUT PRAISE ,GALLA*] & ,F\LIS = BE+ PREP>$ TO TAKE ! SIMIL> OA? REQUIR$ ( A ,MEMB] ( ,P>LIAM5T4 

,:AT A JOKE2 BUT NEV] M9D1 ! ,WORK]S >E BEG9N+ TO TUMBLE TO ! GAME1 & ! TIME IS COM+ :5 NEI!R ,RUSSIAN NOR ,BRITI% GOLD WILL BUY AG5TS & DUPES4 ,WE HAVE HAD AN EXHIBITION ?IS LA/ TWO YE>S ( H[ WE CAN ASSI/ ! />V+ ,RUSSIANS1 BY RELIEV+ !M ( !IR ,GOLD4 ,PURSUE ! RETREAT1 & PIONE] BACKW>DS1 RETREAT+ )\T ! MASS :O WILL BE MOV+ 9 ! OPPOSITE DIRECTION AWAY FROM ,RE=MISM & ,LABOR ,LEAD]S1 T[>DS ,REVOLUTION & ,COMMUNISM4 

,J,O,H,N ,MC,G,O,V,],N4 

O ,APP5DIX #c 3 ,! ,SOVIET ,UNION & ! ,LEAGUE ( ,NATIONS 

,RUSSIA1 OR ! ,SOVIET ,UNION1 BECAME A MEMB] ( ! ,LEAGUE ( ,NATIONS 9 #a#i#c#d4 ,H] MEMB]%IP WAS *AMPION$ BY ,FRANCE & ,BRITA94 ,! COMM&] ( H] AIR =CE WAS WELCOM$ DUR+ SUMM] ( #aicd AT ,H5DON TO WITNESS ! IMAG9>Y BOMB+ ( ,LONDON4 ,= ! FIR/ TIME S9CE ! REVOLUTION1 MILIT>Y ATTA*ES W]E EX*ANG$ BETWE5 ,LONDON & ,MOSC[4 ,PRIOR TO H] 5TRY 9TO ! ,LEAGUE1 ! ,SOVIET ,UNION CONCLUD$ AN ALLIANCE ) ! ,FR5* GOV]NM5T ?AT LIMIT$ H] TO ! ,FR5* MILIT>Y & POLITICAL SY/EM4 ,DUR+ ! SAME YE> ! ,SOVIET ,UNION CONCLUD$ AN AGREEM5T ) ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES ( ,AM]ICA 9 :I* IT GAVE A DI/9CT PL$GE NOT ONLY AGA9/ ! CONDUCT ( ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY PROPAG&A ON ,AM]ICAN SOIL BUT EV5 A PL$GE AGA9/ PROTECT+ SU* PROPAG&A :5 CONDUCT$ ON ,SOVIET SOIL4 ,ALL ?IS WAS A NORMAL CONSEQU5CE ( ! DEVELOPM5T ( ,CAPITALISM 9 ,RUSSIA4 ,I W\LD MAKE NO M5TION ( ! DEVELOPM5T ( ?AT ,CAPITALISM IF IT W]E NOT = ! FACT ?AT ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY ( ,GREAT ,BRITA9 & ITS PROPAG&I/S REFUSE TO RECOGNIZE ! EXI/5CE ( ,CAPITALISM 9 ,RUSSIA 2 OR1 :5 RELUCTANTLY COMPELL$ TO FACE SOME ASPECT ( ?IS TRU?1 PRET5D ?AT ,RUSSIAN ,CAPITALISM IS NOT REAL ,CAPITALISM1 BUT A K9D ( ,SOCIALISM4 ,MY PO9T1 AS A ,SOCIALI/1 IS ?AT SOON] OR LAT] ?AT DEVELOPM5T1 ALREADY EXPRESS+ ITSELF 9 ! T]MS ( ,CAPITALI/ DIPLOMACY1 MU/ F9ALLY EXPRESS ITSELF DOME/ICALLY 9 ! ,SOVIET ,UNION 9 ! T]MS ( ,CAPITALI/ DIPLOMACY1 MU/ F9ALLY EXPRESS ITSELF DOME/ICALLY 9 ! ,SOVIET ,UNION 9 ! T]MS ( ! 9EVITABLE CLASS /RUGGLE4 ,! ,R$ ,>MY WILL BE US$ AGA9/ /RIK+ WORK]S AS SURELY AS ! TROOPS ( ! ,AM]ICAN ,REPUBLIC W]E US$ AGA9/ /RIK+ ,AM]ICAN WORK]S 9 #a#i#c#d4 ,:AT WILL ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY SAY !N8 ,IT WILL D5\NCE ! /RIK+ WORK]S AS C\NT]-REVOLUTION>IES4 

,I RECALL ! ,X,I,V ,P>TY ,CONF]5CE ( ! ,C4,P4 ( ,RUSSIA1 :I* WAS OP5$ 9 ! ,KREML91 ,MOSC[1 ON ,DECEMB] #a#h?1 #a#i#b#e4 ,?IS CONF]5CE WAS REPORT$ ON PAGE #hi ( ,9T]NATIONAL ,PRESS ,CORRESPOND5CE1 ,5GLI% $ITION1 VOL4 #e1 ,NO4 #h#i1 DAT$ ,DECEMB] #b#d?1 #a#i#b#e4 ,?IS ISSUE WAS S5T TO ME AT ! TIME ) ! PR9T$ REQUE/ 3 0 ,UNPUBLI%$ MANUSCRIPTS -- PLEASE REPR9T40 ,9 ?IS >TICLE WE %ALL REPR9T4 

,!RE W]E PRES5T AT ! ,X,I,V ,P>TY ,CONF]5CE1 SIX HUNDR$ & FIFTY-ONE DELEGATES ) DECISIVE1 & SIX HUNDR$ & TWO DELEGATES ) ADVISORY VOTES1 REPRES5T+ #e#i#a1 MEMB]S & #d#c#c1 C&IDATES1 AS COMP>$ ) A TOTAL ( #g#c#f1 MEMB]S & C&IDATES AT ! ,X,I,I,I ,P>TY ,CONF]5CE4 ,COMRADE ,RYKOV OP5$ ! ,P>TY ,CONF]5CE 9 ! NAME ( ! ,C5TRAL ,COMMITTEE4 ,BETWE5 ! ,X,I,I,I & ,X,I,V ,P>TY ,CONF]5CES1 ! ,P>TY HAD PASS$ ?R\< ! DISCUSSION AGA9/ ,TROTSKYISM :I* WAS TREAT$ AS A H]ESY4 ,?IS CONF]5CE ELECT$ ! #dg MEMB]S ( ! ,PRESIDIUM1 ! ELECT$ MEMB]S 9CLUD+ 3 ,COMRADES ,/AL91 ,RYKOV1 ,BU*>91 ,TOMSKY1 ,Z9OVIEV1 ,KAM5EV1 ,TROTSKY1 ,KAL991 ,DZ]%9SKY1 ,MOLOTOV1 ,VORO%ILOV1 ,KRUPSKAYA4 

,?AT PORTION ( ,RYKOV'S SPEE* REF]R+ TO ! ,LEAGUE ( ,NATIONS WAS PR9T$ 9 FULL BY ! $ITOR ( ! ,9T]NATIONAL ,PRESS ,CORRESPOND5CE 9 ! ISSUE QUOT$1 AS A FRONT PAGE >TICLE1 UND] ! HEAD+ 3 0 ,! ,SOVIET ,UNION & ! ,LEAGUE ( ,NATIONS4 0 ,! $ITOR 9TRODUC$ ,RYKOV'S SPEE* ) ! FOLL[+ EXPLANATION 3 -- 

0 ,WE PUBLI% BEL[ A V]BATIM REPORT ( ?AT P>T ( ,COMRADE ,RYKOV'S GREAT SPEE* ON ! ACTIVITIES ( ! ,C5TRAL ,COMMITTEE ( ! ,C4,P4 ( ,RUSSIA AT ! ,P>TY ,CONF]5CE 9 ! ,MOSC[ GOV]NM5TAL DI/RICT1 :I* DEALS ) ! RELATIONS BETWE5 ! ,SOVIET ,UNION & ! ,LEAGUE ( ,NATIONS40 

,!RE CAN BE NO D\BT !RE=E ?AT ,RYKOV WAS SPEAK+ 9 ! NAME ( ! ,SOVIET GOV]NM5T & ALSO ( ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY ( ,RUSSIA4 ,IT IS NOT NECESS>Y TO REPRODUCE ! REPORT 9 FULL4 ,BUT ,I V5TURE TO REPR9T ! FOLL[+ MO/ IMPORTANT PASSAGES 

,! ,L,E,A,G,U,E ,( ,N,A,T,I,O,N,S -- ,A,N ,9,/,R,U,M,5,T ,( ,W,> ,& ,N,O,T ,( ,P,E,A,C,E4 

,JUDG+ BY ! EXPRESSIONS ( OP9ION ( A NUMB] ( RESPONSIBLE /ATESM5 ( ! B\RGEOIS WORLD1 PLANS HAVE BE5 MADE = A :OLE S]IES ( CONF]5CES ( AN ECONOMIC & POLITICAL *>ACT] 9 ! IMM$IATE FUTURE4 ,! B\RGEOISIE IS 5DEAVOR+ TO BRIDGE OV] 9 SOME WAY ! ANTAGONISMS :I* EXI/ & ?OSE :I* >E MATUR+1 9 ORD]1 AS !Y LOVE TO EXPRESS IT1 0 TO E/ABLI% PEACE 9 ,EUROPE40 

,! 5ORM\S NUMB] ( CONF]5CES1 TREATIES & AGREEM5TS BETWE5 ! SEP>ATE ,/ATES DO NOT & ,C,A,N,N,O,T 9 ANY WAY SOLVE ! QUE/IONS ( VITAL 9T]E/ TO CAPITALISM1 NEI!R ,C,A,N !Y1 9 ! SLI<TE/ DEGREE1 PREV5T ! DANG] ( W>4 

,IT IS V]Y SYMPTOMATIC ?AT 9 REC5T TIMES1 ! B\RGEOIS & ,M5%EVI/ ,PRESS AS WELL AS /ATESM5 ( GREAT REPUTE HAVE BEGUN TO 9VITE ! ,SOVIET ,UNION ALSO TO JO9 ! 0 ,LEAGUE ( ,NATIONS40 ,IT WAS ESPECIALLY PLEAS+ TO READ 9VITATIONS ( ?IS K9D 9 ,5GLI% NEWSPAP]S1 :I* HAVE HI!RTO REG>D$ ! GOV]NM5T ( \R ,UNION AS A GANG ( ROBB]S4 ,ONLY A YE> AGO1 ! ,CONS]VATIVE P>TY WON ! ELECTION BY MEANS ( ! =G$ ,Z9OVIEV LETT] & UND] ! SLOGAN ( ! FI<T AGA9/ ! ,SOVIET ,REPUBLICS4 ,IF ONE ( US W]E ASK$ :E!R HE BELIEVES 9 ! S9C]ITY ( SU* AN ABRUPT RI<T AB\T TURN1 ,I DO NOT D\BT = A MOM5T ?AT HE W\LD ANSW] 0 ,NO 0 )\T ANY HESITATION4 

,:5 \R 5EMIES BEG9 TO SPEAK SO K9DLY ( US1 WE MU/ ASK3 0 ,DOES ?IS NOT MEAN SOME *ANGE 9 !IR TACTICS2 DO !Y NOT WI% TO ATTACK US FROM ANO!R SIDE & BEAT US BY O!R MEANS8 0 ,9 ,! ,P,R,E,S,5,T ,P,O,L,I,T,I,C,A,L ,C,I,R,C,U,M,/,A,N,C,E,S ,! ,N,E,W,S,P,A,P,] ,C,A,M,P,A,I,G,N ,= ,9,C,L,U,D,+ ,! ,S,O,V,I,E,T ,U,N,I,O,N ,9 ,! ,L,E,A,G,U,E ,( ,N,A,T,I,O,N,S ,A,I,M,S ,A,T ,D,I,S,C,R,$,I,T,+ ,U,S ,9 ,! ,E,Y,E,S ,( ,?,A,T ,P,>,T ,( ,! ,W,O,R,K,+ ,C,L,A,S,S ,:,I,* ,/,I,L,L ,*,],I,%,E,S ,P,A,C,I,F,I,/ ,I,L,L,U,S,I,O,N,S4 

,! 0 ,MAC,DONALDS 0 ( ! :OLE GLOBE >E P]SI/5TLY SPREAD+ AMONG ! WORK+ CLASS ! V]SION ?AT ! ,LEAGUE ( ,NATIONS IS AN 9/ITUTION :I* IS TO 5SURE PEACEFUL DEVELOPM5T TO MANK9D4 ,AS LONG AS !RE >E SECTIONS ( ! WORK+ CLASS :O1 9 !IR HATR$ = W>1 PLACE ANY K9D ( HOPES 9 ! ,LEAGUE ( ,NATIONS1 IT IS MORE ADVANTAGE\S1 FROM 1! POLITICAL PO9T ( VIEW1 = \R 5EMIES TO C>RY ON ! DISCUSSION ) US JU/ 9 ?IS DIRECTION1 9 ORD] TO REPRES5T ! ,SOVIET ,UNION AS AN 5EMY ( PEACE4444 

,ON PR9CIPLE WE TAKE UP & C>RY ?R\< A FI<T = ! PO9T ( VIEW ?AT ,! ,L,E,A,G,U,E ,( ,N,A,T,I,O,N,S ,I,S ,A,N ,9,/,R,U,M,5,T ,N,O,T ,( ,P,E,A,C,E ,B,U,T ,( ,W,>1 ,N,O,T ,( ,L,I,B,],A,T,I,O,N ,B,U,T ,( ,O,P,P,R,E,S,S,I,O,N2 FUR!R1 ?AT ! PROPAG&A = ! OP9ION ?AT CAPITALI/ C\NTRIES MI<T F9D A REM$Y = W> )9 ! CAPITALI/ SOCIETY1 ,I,S ,A ,C,R,I,M,E ,& ,N,O,T ,A,N ,],R,O,R ,O,N ,! ,P,>,T ,( ,! ,S,E,C,O,N,D ,9,T,],N,A,T,I,O,N,A,L4 ,9 \R OP9ION1 W> WAS1 IS1 & WILL BE 9EVITABLE UND] ! RULE ( CAPITALISM2 WAS & IS 9SOLUBLY B\ND UP ) CAPITALISM1 IS P>T ( ITS V]Y NATURE4444 

,AN ,AM]ICAN NEWSPAP] CORRESPOND5T DESCRIBES ! POLICY ( ,5GL& 9 ! ,LEAGUE ( ,NATIONS1 AS FOLL[S3 -- 

0 ,9 ANY CONFLICTS :I* MAY OCCUR1 ,GREAT ,BRITA9 TRU/S MORE TO H] NAVY1 H] AIR =CE & H] >MY ?AN TO OBLIGATORY >BITRATION PROC$URES4 ,! >BITRATION AGREEM5T IS B9D+ = ALL EXCEPT ,LONDON1 :I* 9T5DS TO BE ! >BITRATOR 9 CONFLICTS BETWE5 O!R C\NTRIES40 -- 70 ,NEW ,YORK ,TIMES407 

,:,Y ,D,O ,W,E ,N,O,T ,J,O,9 ,! ,L,E,A,G,U,E ,( ,N,A,T,I,O,N,S8 

,:AT SIGNIFICANCE DOES ! B\RGEOISIE ITSELF ATTRIBUTE TO ! QUE/ION ( \R JO9+ ! ,LEAGUE ( ,NATIONS8 ,I HAVE READ 9 A B\RGEOIS PAP] A V]Y EXACT POLITICAL *>ACT]IZATION ( :AT ! B\RGEOISIE EXPECTS FROM \R JO9+ ! ,LEAGUE ( ,NATIONS4 ,9 ?IS *>ACT]IZATION IT IS /AT$ ?AT IT IS EXPECT$ ?AT ! 5TRANCE ( ! ,SOVIET ,UNION 9TO ! ,LEAGUE ( ,NATIONS WILL BR+ AB\T A 0 ,P,O,L,I,T,I,C,A,L ,C,A,P,I,T,U,L,A,T,I,O,N ,9 ,! ,E,A,/ ,& ,A,N ,E,C,O,N,O,M,I,C ,C,A,P,I,T,U,L,A,T,I,O,N ,9 ,! ,W,E,/40 ,?IS IS EXPRESS$ V]Y CLE>LY & EXACTLY4 

,! ,LEAGUE ( ,NATIONS IS A %OP :I* DEALS 9 PEOPLES & SELLS !M AS IT SEES FIT1 9 ! =M ( 0 M&ATES 0 TO ! SO-CALL$ ,/ATES ( HI< CULTURE4 ,! LATT]1 H[EV]1 DEF5D !IR RI<TS ( M&ATE BY =CE ( >MS & ,M,],C,I,L,E,S,S,L,Y ,5,?,R,A,L,L,$ ! PEOPLES UND] !IR TUTELAGE4 ,= ?IS REASON1 ! ,EA/ W\LD NATURALLY REG>D US AS TRAITORS IF WE W]E TO /& BEH9D ! C\NT] ( ?IS %OP4 ,WE %ALL NOT AGREE TO ?IS4 ,WE %ALL CONT9UE TO REJOICE 9 ! DEVELOPM5T ( ! MOVEM5T = NATIONAL FRE$OM AMONG ! OPPRESS$ COLONIAL PEOPLES4 

,JO9+ ! ,LEAGUE ( ,NATIONS W\LD MEAN = US AN ECONOMIC CAPITULATION 9 ! ,WE/1 BECAUSE WE %\LD !N BE ,B,\,N,D BY ! ,R,E,S,O,L,U,T,I,O,N,S ,( ,! ,B,\,R,G,E,O,I,S ,M,A,J,O,R,I,T,Y 9 ECONOMIC QUE/IONS ALSO4 

,I DO NOT BELIEVE ?AT ?OSE GOV]NM5TS OR ?OSE PAP]S :I* PROPOSE \R JO9+ ! ,LEAGUE ( ,NATIONS1 OR AT LEA/ WRITE AB\T IT1 >E HONE/4 ,I BELIEVE ?AT !Y KN[ FROM ! BEG9N+ ?AT WE %ALL ,N,O,T ,J,O,9 ,! ,L,E,A,G,U,E ,( ,N,A,T,I,O,N,S1 & ,I AM CONV9C$ ?AT ! ONLY OBJECT ( !SE 9VITATIONS IS TO 5ABLE ,MAC,DONALD & HIS COMRADES TO SAY TO ! WORK]S1 :OM !Y CONT9UE TO DECEIVE BY MA9TA9+ ?AT ! CAPITALI/ WORLD IS CAPABLE ( AVOID+ W> & BY ,R,E,P,R,E,S,5,T,+ ,A ,C,O,N,F,],5,C,E ,:,I,* ,P,R,E,P,>,E,S ,= ,W,>1 ,A,S ,A ,P,E,A,C,E ,C,O,N,F,],5,C,E1 ?AT3 0,! ,SOVIET ,UNION1 BY REFUS+ TO JO9 ! ,LEAGUE ( ,NATIONS1 IS RESPONSIBLE = ITS [N ISOLATION40 

,!Y HOPE TO BR+ AB\T A POLITICAL & ECONOMIC R5UNCIATION ON ! P>T ( ! ,SOVIET ,REPUBLICS ( EV]Y?+ !Y HAVE DONE HI!RTO1 A R5UNCIATION ( !IR PROGRAM1 ( ! ,OCTOB] REVOLUTION & ( ! MO/ ESS5TIAL PR9CIPLES ( !IR EXI/5CE4 ,!,Y ,H,A,V,E ,N,O,T ,A,*,I,E,V,$ ,?,I,S ,9 ,O,P,5 ,F,I,<,T1 ,B,U,T ,!,Y ,N,[ ,H,O,P,E ,T,O ,D,O ,I,T ,?,R,\,G,N ,A,N ,5,V,E,L,O,P,+ ,M,A,N,E,U,V,]4 

,9 #aicd ! ,SOVIET ,PRESS DEF5D$ ! 5TRY ( ,RUSSIA 9TO ! ,LEAGUE ON ! GR\ND ?AT ! ,LEAGUE HAD IMPROV$ & WAS A DIFF]5T 9/ITUTION FROM ! ,LEAGUE ?AT ,RYKOV D5\NC$ 9 #aibe ) ! CONS5T ( ,/AL9 AWL HIS SUPPORT]S4 ,SOCIALI/S OR 0,COMMUNI/S0 7SIC7 W]E NOT EXPECT$ TO EXPOSE ! ,CAPITALI/ NATURE ( ! ,LEAGUE ( ,NATIONS1 :I* REMA9$ :AT IT WAS :5 IT WAS FIR/ ORGANIZ$1 NOT A ,LEAGUE ( PEOPLES BUT A ,LEAGUE ( ,GOV]NM5TS4 

,! WORK]S M5AC$ ! CLASS /RUGGLE & !IR [N EMANCIPATION :5 !Y P]MITT$ ! 9T]E/S ( ,SOVIET ,RUSSIA & ITS GOV]NM5T TO ATTA* !M TO ONE GR\P ( ,CAPITALI/ P[]S AS OPPOS$ TO ANO!R4 ,! WORK]S HAD NO?+ :ATEV] 9 COMMON ) ! =EIGN POLICY ( ! ,SOVIET ,UNION1 & \<T TO HAVE PURSU$ ?R\<\T 4! WORLD A DEF9ITE W> ON ,CAPITALISM1 A DEF9ITE OPPOSITION AGA9/ ALL MILIT>ISM1 A DEF9ITE CONFLICT AGA9/ ALL ,CAPITALI/ DIPLOMACY4 ,! WORK]S \<T TO HAVE MA9TA9$ A DEF9ITE REVOLUTION>Y CLASS 9TEGRITY4 ,SOVIET ,RUSSIA JO9$ ! ,LEAGUE ( ,NATIONS BECAUSE ! ,SOVIET ,UNION WAS COMPELL$ AS A ,CAPITALI/ NATION TO DO SO AT A TIME ( CRISIS 9 H] DEVELOPM5T4 

O ,APP5DIX #d 3 ,! ,AM]ICAN ,RECOGNITION 

,IT WAS CONT5D$ BY ,MJASNIKOV & O!R ,ANTI-,P>LIAM5T>Y ,SOCIALI/S OR ,RUSSIAN ,OLD-,GU>D ,BOL%EVIKS ?AT ! DIPLOMACY ( ,L59 WAS A NEGATION ( ,COMMUNI/ FIR/ PR9CIPLES & ?AT IT IMPLI$ ! SUBSEQU5T DEVELOPM5TS ( ,/AL9ISM4 ,OV] #e YE>S AGO1 ,PET] ,KROPOTK9 WROTE A %ORT S]IES ( ESSAYS 5TITL$ 0 ,REVOLUTION>Y ,GOV]NM5T 01 9 :I* HE NOT ONLY ANTICIPAT$ ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION BUT =ESAW ITS ,CAPITALI/ & DIPLOMATIC DEVELOPM5T4 ,:E!R WE ACCEPT ! CONT5TION !RE9 ADVANC$ & S9CE DEVELOP$ BY ! MOD]N ,ANTI-,P>LIAM5T>IANS1 OR :E!R WE ACCEPT ! VIEW ( ! ,TROTSKYI/S ?AT ,/AL9ISNL IS A CORRUPTION ( ,L59ISM1 IT IS C]TA9 ?AT ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION 5T]$ UPON AN ]A ( RESPECTABILITY1 CONS]VATISM & DEF9ITE ,ANTI-,SOCIALISM LONG BE=E #a#i#c#d4 ,?IS WAS MADE CLE> NOT ONLY BY ITS LOANS1 PR(ITS1 & CONCESSIONS1 BUT ALSO BY ! TREATY IT CONCLUD$ ) ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES ( ,AM]ICA 9 ,NOVEMB]1 #a#i#c#c4 ,9 ?IS ESSAY ,I BUT DRAW ATT5TION TO ! MA9 ITEMS ( ?AT TREATY 9 ORD] TO PROVE ! PRICE ?AT ! ,SOVIET ,GOV]NM5T PAID = ,AM]ICAN RECOGNITION4 

,LITV9OV WAS ! ,SOVIET ,EMISS>Y TO ,ROOSEVELT4 ,! SURR5D] IS TO BE F\ND 9 ! LA/ ?REE >TICLES ( ! COMMUNICATION HE ADDRESS$ TO ! ,AM]ICAN ,PRESID5T ON ,NOVEMB] #a#f?1 #a#i#c#c1 AS ! PRICE ( RECOGNITION4 ,! VITAL P>AGRAPHS FROM ,LITV9OV'S NOTE TO ! ,AM]ICAN ,PRESID5T PL$G$ ! ,U4,S4,S4,R4 AS FOLL[S 3 -- 

0 444 #c4 ,NOT TO P]MIT ! =MATION OR RESID5CE ON ITS T]RITORY ( ANY ORGANIZATION OR GR\P1 OR ( REPRES5TATIVES OR (FICIALS ( ANY ORGANIZATION OR GR\P1 :I* MAKES CLAIM TO BE ! GOV]NM5T (1 OR MAKES ATTEMPT UPON ! T]RITORIAL 9TEGRITY ( ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES1 ITS T]RITORIES OR POSSESSIONS2 NOT TO =M1 SUBSIDIZE1 SUPPORT OR P]MIT ON ITS T]RITORY MILIT>Y ORGANIZATIONS OR GR\PS HAV+ ! AIM ( >M$ /RUGGLE AGA9/ ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES1 ITS T]RITORY OR POSSESSIONS2 & TO PREV5T ANY RECRUIT+ ON BEHALF ( SU* ORGANIZATIONS OR GR\PS4 

0444 #d4 ,NOT TO P]MIT ! =MATION OR RESID5CE ON ITS T]RITORY ( ANY ORGANIZATION OR GR\P1 & TO PREV5T ! ACTIVITY ON ITS T]RITORY ( ANY ORGANIZATION OR GR\P1 OR ( REPRES5TATIVES OR (FICIALS ( ANY ORGANIZATION OR GR\P1 :I* HAS AS ITS AIM ! OV]?R[ (1 OR BR++ AB\T BY =CE ( A *ANGE 91 ! POLITICAL OR SOCIAL ORD] ( ! :OLE OR ANY P>T ( ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES1 ITS T]RITORIES OR POSSESSIONS40 

,!RE CAN BE NO D\BT :ATEV] AB\T ! DEF9ITE NATURE ( ?IS SIGN$ UND]TAK+ ( ,MAXIM ,LITV9OV ON BEHALF ( ! ,SOVIET ,GOV]NM5T4 ,! ,NEW ,YORK ,TIMES DECL>$ ?AT 0 ! UND]TAK+S GIV5 BY ! ,SOVIET ,=EIGN ,M9I/] AS A CONDITION ( RECOGNITION BY ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES 0 WAS 0 MILES AS WELL AS YE>S AWAY 0 FROM ! ATTITUDE ( ! #aiah ,SOVIET ,CONGRESS4 ,COMM5T+ ON ! >TICLES ( AGREEM5T1 ,! ,NEW ,YORK ,TIMES SAID 3 0 ,! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES RECEIVES ! MO/ COMPLETE PL$GE AGA9/ ,BOL%EVIK PROPAG&A ?AT HAS BE5 GIV5 BY ! ,SOVIET ,GOV]NM5T40 ,! ,BROOKLYN ,DAILY ,EAGLE 9 ITS ISSUE = ,NOVEMB] #b#c1 #a#i#c#c1 /AT$ 3 0 ,! B>GA9 ,MR4 ,ROOSEVELT DROVE ) ,LITV9OV IS ! TALK ( DIPLOMATS EV]Y:]E4444 ,IT REALLY M>KS ! FIR/ TIME ,RUSSIA HAS EV] GIV5 9 TO ! WORLD P[]S4 ,\R (FICIALS BELIEVE IT WILL LEAD TO ! AB&ONM5T ( ! ,AM]ICAN SECTION ( ! ,COM9T]N40 

,!SE COMM5TS W]E FULLY JU/IFI$ BY ! T]MS ( >TICLES #c & #d ( ! ,LITV9OV NOTE TO ,ROOSEVELT4 ,9 !SE >TICLES1 ! ,/AL9 REGIME PL$G$ ! ,SOVIET ,UNION TO DO SOME?+ :I* IT HAD NEV] PREVI\SLY AGRE$ TO DO AT ! DICTATES ( A B\RGEOIS GOV]NM5T1 NAMELY1 ! =MAL SUPPRESSION OR EXPULSION FROM ! ,SOVIET ,UNION ( ! ,?IRD ,9T]NATIONAL1 OR ANY ORGANIZATION ) A REVOLUTION>Y OBJECTIVE NOT LIMIT$ 9 ITS AIMS & PURPOSES TO ,RUSSIA4 ,?IS IS PRECISELY H[ ,ROOSEVELT UND]/OOD ! TWO >TICLES2 ?IS IS H[ ,LITV9OV UND]/OOD ! >TICLES & MEANT !M TO BE UND]/OOD 2 ?IS IS H[ ! B\RGEOIS PRESS ( ,AM]ICA & ! WORLD CON/RU$ !M 2 & ! REASON = SU* UNANIM\S UND]/&+ IS ?IS1 ?AT NO O!R 9T]PRETATION WAS CONCEIVABLE4 

,IT IS P]FECTLY CLE> ?AT ! PACT DID NOT APPLY TO ! ,9T\RI/1 OR ANY TRAVEL AG5CY = %[+ ! SI<TS ( ,RUSSIA TO ! =EIGN TRAVEL]4 ,IT C]TA9LY C\LD NOT APPLY TO ! ,ME?ODI/ ,*UR* 9 ,L5+RAD OR TO ANY 9/ITUTION 9 ,RUSSIA1 EXCEPT ! ,COMMUNI/ ,9T]NATIONAL4 ,!RE WAS NO 0 ORGANIZATION OR GR\P 0 RESID5T 9 ! ,SOVIET ,UNION 0 HAV+ ! AIM ( >M$ /RUGGLE AGA9/ ! ,U4,S4,A41 ITS T]RITORIES OR POSSESSIONS10 \TSIDE ( ! ,COMMUNI/ ,9T]NATIONAL4 

,I DO NOT SAY ?AT ?AT WAS ! #aicc AIM ( ! ,C4,I41 BUT ,I DO ASS]T ?AT !RE WAS A TIME :5 ! ,C4,I4 BOA/$ ?AT ITS PURPOSE WAS TO PROMOTE >M$ 9SURRECTION ?R\<\T ! WORLD4 ,!RE IS NO ORGANIZATION BEYOND ! ,C4,I4 ?AT EV] 5GAG$ 9 ACTIVITY 9 ! ,SOVIET ,UNION 0 :I* HAS AS ITS AIM ! OV]?R[ (1 OR BR++ AB\T BY =CE A *ANGE 91 ! POLITICAL OR SOCIAL ORD] ( ! :OLE OR ANY P>T ( ! ,U4,S4,A41 ITS T]RITORIES OR POSSESSIONS40 

,NOT)/&+ ! DEF9ITE NATURE ( ?IS AGREEM5T1 ,! ,DAILY ,WORK] 7,U4,S4,A47 MADE NO ATTEMPT TO ANALYZE ! TEXT ( !SE >TICLES1 BUT DECL>$1 9 ITS ISSUE = ,NOVEMB] #b#a/1 #a#i#c#c1 ?AT ! ,CAPITALI/ ,PRESS 0 KN[ ?AT EV]Y ATTEMPT TO CLAIM ?AT >TICLE #d ( ! ,LITV9OV PACT APPLIES TO ! ,C4,I4 WILL MEET ) DEFEAT40 

,IT IS IMPOSSIBLE TO BELIEVE ?AT ! 0 ,COMMUNI/ 0 $ITOR BELIEV$ ?IS /ATEM5T :5 HE WROTE IT4 

,! PACT NOT ONLY PL$G$ ,RUSSIA TO ! EXPULSION ( ! ,COM9T]N BUT TO ITS SUPPRESSION4 ,?IS SEAT ( ! ,C4,I4 C\LD NOT BE TRANSF]R$ TO ,B]L91 OR ,TOKIO1 OR ,WA%+TON1 OR ,P>IS1 OR EV5 ,LONDON4 ,EI!R IT MET 9 ,MOSC[ OR ,L5+RAD OR NOT AT ALL4 ,?IS WAS A PREVI\S >GUM5T = ! ,COMMUNI/ ,9T]NATIONAL BE+ ORGANIZ$ FROM ,RUSSIA4 ,! ,AM]ICAN PACT REFUT$ ! FACT ?AT BO? ! >GUM5T & ! ORGANIZATION W]E SURR5D]$ TO ! PRESSURE ( ,CAPITALI/ DIPLOMACY4 

,! PACT WAS MORE ?AN ! SUPPRESSION ( ! ,COMMUNI/ ,9T]NATIONAL4 ,IT WAS A COMPLETE SURR5D] ( ! PR9CIPLE ( ! RI<T ( ASYLUM :I* US$ TO BE MA9TA9$ EV5 BY B\RGEOIS GOV]NM5TS & DEF5D$ ELOQU5TLY BY EV5 ,CONS]VATIVE ,BRITI% /ATESM54 ,LORD ,PALM]/ON W\LD HAVE SE5 ! GOV]NM5T ( ANY O!R C\NTRY S9K 9TO HELL BE=E HE W\LD HAVE AGRE$ TO SU* AN AGREEM5T NEGAT+ ! FUNDAM5TAL PR9CIPLES ( NATIONAL SOV]EIGNTY & 9TEGRITY4 

,IF ,RUSSIA WAS NO LONG] AN 9T]NATIONAL FA!RL& IT %\LD HAVE TAK5 ITS /& /ILL ON ITS RI<T ( SOV]EIGN DOM9ION )9 ! CONF9ES ( ITS [N T]RITORY4 ,! PACT MEANT ?AT FROM ! DATE ( SIGN+ ! ,AM]ICAN ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY & ITS REPRES5TATIVES ON ! ,E4,C4 ( ! ,COM9T]N W]E NON-GRATA ) ! ,SOVIET ,GOV]NM5T & C\LD NOT TAKE UP RESID5CE ON ,SOVIET T]RITORY4 ,! PACT MEANT FUR!R ?AT EV5 A GR\P ( REVOLUTION>Y NATIONALI/S1 DRIV5 FROM !IR L& BY ,AM]ICAN ,IMP]IALISM1 AS ! ,RUSSIAN REVOLUTIONI/S W]E DRIV5 FROM ,RUSSIA BY ,CZ>DOM1 C\LD NOT F9D ASYLUM 9 ! FA!RL& ( ! WORK]S ( ! WORLD1 S9CE !Y W\LD HAVE DESIGNS 0 UPON ! T]RITORIAL 9TEGRITY ( ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES1 ITS T]RITORIES OR POSSESSIONS40 ,! PACT MEANT ?AT IF ,BILL ,HAYWOOD C\LD HAVE COME TO LIFE & AGA9 HAD S\<T ! HOSPITALITY ( ! ,SOVIET ,UNION1 IT W\LD BE GRANT$ TO HIM ONLY ) RELUCTANCE IF AT ALL1 & !N ONLY ON CONDITION ?AT HE REFRA9$ FROM CONDUCT+ ANY POLITICAL AGITATION OR ACTIVITY :IL/ RESID5T 9 ! ,SOVIET ,UNION4 

,! PACT MEANT ?AT ! ,AM]ICAN ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY WAS LEFT 9 ! LUR* BY ! ,/AL9I/ REGIME AT ! DEM&S ( ! ,AM]ICAN B\RGEOISIE4 ,HAD SU* A PACT BE5 SIGN$ BY A REACTION>Y ,BRITI% ,GOV]NM5T DUR+ ,K>L ,M>X'S YE>S ( EXILE 9 ,LONDON1 !RE W\LD HAVE BE5 NO ,FIR/ ,9T]NATIONAL1 & ,M>X'S REAL OR ALLEG$ REVOLUTION>Y G5IUS W\LD HAVE F\ND IT IMPOSSIBLE TO DISCOV] AN AV5UE ( EXPRESSION4 

,?IS PACT1 :I* WAS BUT A PRELUDE TO ! ,SOVIET ,UNION 5T]+ 9TO ! ,LEAGUE1 & TO ! WORLD-WIDE RECOGNITION ( ! ,SOVIET AS A RESPECTABLE NEI<BOR1 WAS A COMPLETE NEGATION ( ALL PREVI\S ,SOVIET DIPLOMACY4 ,! ,AM]ICAN ,DAILY ,WORK] PRET5D$ ?AT ! DEM&S MADE BY ! ,AM]ICAN ,GOV]NM5T & YIELD$ TO BY ,/AL9I/ DIPLOMACY1 HAD BE5 MADE MANY TIMES 9 ! PA/ BY V>I\S B\RGEOIS GOV]NM5TS4 ,?AT IS TRUE4 ,! ,WORK] ADD$ 3 -- 

0 ,EV]Y S+LE ONE ( !SE >TICLES1 9 SOME =M OR ANO!R HAS BE5 P>T ( ! NUM]\S RECOGNITION PACTS ?AT ! ,SOVIET ,GOV]NM5T HAS SIGN$ DUR+ ! LA/ T5 YE>S ) ! LEAD+ P[]S ( ,EUROPE40 

,?IS /ATEM5T IS NOT TRUE4 ,PRIOR TO ! ,AM]ICAN PACT ! ,SOVIET ,GOV]NM5T PL$G$ ITSELF NOT TO C>RY ON ANY 0 SUBV]SIVE PROPAG&A 0 9 ! C\NTRY ) :I* IT E/ABLI%$ DIPLOMATIC RELATIONS1 IF A RECIPROCAL 5GAGEM5T WAS ALSO UND]TAK54 ,?IS WAS UND]/&ABLE & CORRECT4 ,BUT IT WAS ALWAYS ! >GUM5T ( ! ,SOVIET ,GOV]NM5T ?AT ! ,COMMUNI/ ,9T]NATIONAL WAS F\ND$ AS A VOLUNT>Y1 9DEP5D5T WORLD P>TY ( ,COMMUNISM1 ) SECTIONS 9 EV]Y C\NTRY TO :I* ! ,RUSSIAN ,GOV]NM5T GRANT$ HOSPITALITY & FRE$OM ( ACTION4 ,9 PO9T ( FACT ?IS /ATEM5T WAS NOT CORRECT1 = ! ,SOVIET ,UNION HAS ALWAYS DOM9AT$ ! ,COMMUNI/ ,9T]NATIONAL4 ,9 PO9T ( LAW ! CONT5TION WAS CORRECT = AL?\< ! ,COM9T]N WAS DOM9AT$ BY ! ,SOVIET ,GOV]NM5T1 IT DID NOT FOLL[ ?AT IT WAS AN ORGANIZATION ( ! ,SOVIET ,GOV]NM5T OR ?AT IT WAS B\ND ALWAYS TO BE DOM9AT$ BY IT4 ,! ,COM9T]N HAD A DI/9CT LEGAL EXI/5CE AP>T FROM ! ,SOVIET ,GOV]NM5T4 ,! FACT ?AT ! ,COM9T]N WAS UNDULY SUBS]VI5T TO ! NE$S ( ?AT GOV]NM5T HAD NO BE>+ ON ! QUE/ION ( ITS LEGAL 9DEP5D5CE4 ,D[N TO ! TIME ( ! ,AM]ICAN AGREEM5T1 ! ,SOVIET ,UNION WAS NOT WILL+ TO SIGN >TICLES1 TRAD+ AWAY ! LIFE ( ! ,COM9T]N = DIPLOMATIC RECOGNITION & CR$IT4 ,PREVI\SLY ! ,SOVIET ,GOV]NM5T HAD REJECT$ CATEGORICALLY ! DEM&S ( ! WORLD'S B\RGEOISIE = ! EXPULSION & SUPPRESSION ( ! ,?IRD ,9T]NATIONAL4 

,9 #aibb !RE WAS A FAM\S CONF]5CE AT ,G5OA4 ,A ,RUSSIAN DELEGATION WAS PRES5T = ! FIR/ TIME4 ,IT WAS HEAD$ BY ?AT WORLD-FAM\S REVOLUTIONI/1 ,RAKOVSKY1 ONE ( ! GREATE/ & NOBLE/ ,SOCIALI/S ( \R TIME4 ,AS A CONDITION ( ,RUSSIA'S ADMISSION TO ! ,COMITY ( ,NATIONS1 ! B\RGEOISIE ( ,EUROPE PUT =W>D ! V]Y DEM&S ?AT ,ROOSEVELT SO SUCCESSFULLY 9SI/$ ON ELEV5 YE>S LAT]4 ,! REPLY ( ! ,RUSSIAN DELEGATION WAS GIV5 BY ,RAKOVSKY ON ,MAY #a#a?1 #a#i#b#b4 ,?IS IS :AT ,RAKOVSKY SAID 9 HIS SIGN$ ANSW] TO ! G5TLEM5 ( ! B\RGEOISIE 3 -- 

0 ,GIV+ NEW SCOPE TO ?IS ,CANNES CONDITION1 ! MEMOR&UM DEM&S ?AT ,RUSSIA %\LD 'SUPPRESS UPON H] T]RITORY ALL ATTEMPTS TO AID REVOLUTION>Y MOVEM5TS 9 O!R C\NTRIES4' ,IF1 H[EV]1 BY ?IS =MULA ! MEMOR&UM MEANS TO =BID ! ACTIVITIES ( POLITICAL P>TIES1 OR ORGANIZATIONS ( WORK]S1 ! ,RUSSIAN DELEGATION CANNOT ACCEPT SU* A PROHIBITION UNLESS ! ACTIVITIES 9 QUE/ION TRANSGRESS ! LAWS ( ! C\NTRY40 

,9 O!R WORDS1 ,RAKOVSKY SAID 3 0 ,G5TLEM51 ! ,SOVIET ,UNION IS READY TO MAKE C]TA9 CONCESSIONS1 BUT PLEASE KEEP Y\R H&S (F ! ,COMMUNI/ ,9T]NATIONAL40 ,& ! ,SOVIET ,UNION S5T ,RAKOVSKY 9TO EXILE1 A PRISON] = HIS CONVICTIONS1 & ,LITV9OV ON A T\R ( ! ,CAPITALI/ CAPITALS ( ! WORLD 6 

,?REE YE>S LAT]1 ,Z9OVIEV1 AT ?AT TIME LEAD] ( ! ,?IRD ,9T]NATIONAL1 ADDRESS$ ! ,P>TY FACTION ( ! ,?IRD ,CONGRESS ( ! ,SOVIET4 ,HIS SPEE* WAS PUBLI%$ UND] ! TITLE1 0 ,RUSSIA'S ,PA? TO ,COMMUNISM40 ,! DATE ( ! SPEE* WAS ,MAY #b?1 #a#i#b#e4 ,FROM PAGE #bb ( ! REPORT 9 QUE/ION WE QUOTE ! FOLL[+ DECL>ATION ( ,Z9OVIEV 3 -- 

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

,IT IS SAID BY ! ,/AL9I/S ?AT ! ,AM]ICAN RECOGNITION ( ! ,SOVIET ,UNION WAS =C$ BY ! /R5G!N$ POSITION ( ! ,WORK]S' ,REPUBLIC4 ,IT WAS NOT UNFAIR1 !RE=E1 TO >GUE ?AT ! ,SOVIET ,UNION WAS 9 A BETT] POSITION TO DICTATE T]MS ( RECOGNITION 9 #aicc ?AN IT WAS :5 ,Z9OVIEV SPOKE 9 #a#i#b#e1 & ,RAKOVSKY 9 #a#i#b#b4 ,H[ CAME IT1 !N1 ?AT ,LITV9OV1 AS ,/AL9'S M\?PIECE1 MADE ! 5ORM\S & ALTOGE!R UNW>RANT$ CONCESSION ?AT NEI!R ,Z9OVIEV NOR ,RAKOVSKY W]E PREP>$ TO MAKE1 A CONCESSION ?AT NOT A S+LE ,COMMUNI/ IMAG9$ TO BE POSSIBLE 9 ?OSE DAYS ( FAM9E :5 ,RUSSIA'S REVOLUTION>Y BACK WAS TO ! WALL4 

,!RE IS ANO!R HI<LY REPREH5SIBLE CIRCUM/ANCE CONNECT$ ) ,LITV9OV'S RECEPTION BY ! ,AM]ICAN ,GOV]NM5T1 :I* TAKES US BACK TO ! MAGNIFIC5T DAYS ( #a#i#a#h4 ,:5 ,LITV9OV /EPP$ ON TO ,AM]ICAN SOIL1 HE EXPRESS$ A 0 KE5 S5SE ( ! PRIVILEGE ?AT IS M9E 9 BE+ ! FIR/ (FICIAL REPRES5TATIVE TO BR+ GREET+S TO ! ,AM]ICAN PEOPLE FROM ! PEOPLES ( ! ,SOVIET ,UNION40 ,I AM NOT SURE TO :OM ,LITV9OV WAS REF]R+ :5 HE SAID 0 ! ,AM]ICAN PEOPLE40 ,WAS IT TO ! /RIK+ ,AM]ICAN WORK]S1 OR WAS IT TO ! PEOPLE1 :5 ! ,DI/RICT ,ATTORNEY GOES 9TO ,C\RT & SAYS 30 ,! ,PEOPLE ( ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES V]SUS ,WILLIAM ,HAYWOOD10 OR 0 ! ,PEOPLE ( ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES V]SUS ,EUG5E ,DEBS10 OR 0 ! ,PEOPLE ( ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES V]SUS ,ALB]T ,P>SONS10 OR 0 ! ,PEOPLE ( ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES V]SUS ,LUDWIG ,M>T5S 0 8 ,I W\LD LIKE TO KN[ EXACTLY :AT PEOPLE ,LITV9OV HAD 9 M9D4 ,9 ANY CASE1 ,LITV9OV'S /ATEM5T WAS FALSE4 ,! ,AM]ICAN ,PRESS & ! ,AM]ICAN RUL+ CLASS KNEW ?AT IT WAS FALSE4 ,LITV9OV WAS NOT ! FIR/ (FICIAL ,SOVIET REPRES5TATIVE APPO9T$ TO ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES4 ,HE HAD A PR$ECESSOR4 ,HIS PR$ECESSOR WAS ,LUDWIG ,M>T5S4 ,& ?IS IS H[ ! 0 ,PEOPLE ( ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES 0 TREAT$ HIM4 

,! YE> #aiah WAS A GREAT YE> = ,SOCIALISM & ! ,SOVIET4 ,9 ,SCOTL& ! ,SCOTTI% ,LABOR ,COLLEGE WAS ACTIVE1 & ,JOHN ,MAC,LEAN WAS ORGANIZ+ REVOLUTION>Y MEET+S ALL OV] ! CITY ( ,GLASG[4 ,9 ,JANU>Y ( ?AT YE> HE WAS APPO9T$ ,RUSSIAN ,CONSUL = ,SCOTL&1 & ,SCOTL& ,Y>D IMM$IATELY GOT BUSY 9T]F]+ ) HIS LETT]S & RAID+ HIS ,CONSULATE4 ,?IS WAS HIS REW>D = HIS ACTIVITIES 9 #aiag :5 HE TOOK UP ! CASE ( ,GEORGE ,*I*]91 SUBSEQU5TLY ,LITV9OV'S PR$ECESSOR AS ,=EIGN ,M9I/] ( ! ,SOVIET ,REPUBLIC1 BUT !N A ,RUSSIAN EXILE 9 ,LONDON1 :O HAD BE5 9T]N$ )\T TRIAL 9 ,BRIXTON ,PRISON4 ,MOV$ BY ,MAC,LEAN'S AGITATION1 ! LATE ,LORD ,%EFFIELD TOOK UP ,*I*]9'S & O!R SIMIL> CASES 9 ! ,H\SE ( ,LORDS1 & MADE SPEE*ES ?AT MU/ HAVE E*O$ ?R\< ITS WALLS LIKE ,BYRON'S ( A C5TURY BE=E4 ,:AT HAPP5$ TO ,SOVIET REPRES5TATIVES 9 ?OSE DAYS IS TOLD 9 ! FOLL[+ EXTRACT FROM ,LANSBURY'S WEEKLY ,H]ALD = ,APRIL #a#c?1 #aiah 3 -- 

,B,O,L,%,E,V,I,K ,9 ,P,R,I,S,O,N4 

,COMRADE ,L\IS ,%AMMES1 SECRET>Y TO ! ,BOL%EVIK ,CONSULATE 9 ,GLASG[1 IS H\S$ 9 ,B>L9NIE ,PRISON1 P5D+ HIS REMOVAL TO ,RUSSIA AT ! ORD] ( ! ,HOME ,SECRET>Y1 :O HAS ALSO DECRE$ ! P]MAN5T EXCLUSION ( ,%AMMES FROM ?IS C\NTRY4 ,%AMMES WRITES US ?AT HE IS 9 GOOD *E] & PREP>+ = ! RETURN HOME4 

,! ,LABOR ,LEAD] = ! SAME DATE C>RI$ ! FOLL[+ ADV]TISEM5T 3 -- 

,L,I,V,],P,O,O,L ,I4,L4,P4 ,F,$,],A,T,I,O,N4 

,ALL MEMB]S PLEASE NOTE4-,SUNDAY1 ,APRIL #b#h1 AT #g4#c1 9 ,/4 ,M>T9'S ,HALL4 

,J,O,H,N ,MC,L,E,A,N1 ,M4,A4 7,RUSSIAN ,CONSUL = ,GLASG[74 ,SEE NEXT WEEK'S ADV]TISEM5T4 

,ALAS6 ,MAC,LEAN NEV] FULFILL$ ?AT 5GAGEM5T = HE WAS >RE/$ ON ,MONDAY1 ,APRIL #a#e?4 

,IT WAS ! SAME 9 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES4 ,9 ,APRIL1 #a#i#a#h1 :IL/ ,MAC,LEAN WAS 9 JAIL AWAIT+ TRIAL1 ,LUDWIG ,M>T5S WAS APPO9T$ BY ! ,PEOPLE'S ,COMMISS>IAT = ,=EIGN ,AFFAIRS ! ,SOVIET REPRES5TATIVE TO ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES4 ,M>T5S WAS NOT RECEIV$ BY ! ,PRESID5T4 ,HE 5JOY$ NONE ( ! (FICIAL POMP ?AT ATT5D$ ,LITV9OV'S >RIVAL4 ,HE WAS GREET$ BY A MASS MEET+ ( ! REVOLUTION>Y WORK]S 9 ,NEW ,YORK4 ,HE WAS HUNT$ & P]SECUT$ 2 HIS (FICE WAS RAID$ 2 HE WAS HAUL$ BE=E 9VE/IGATION COMMITTEES 2 F9ALLY HE WAS DEPORT$ FROM ,AM]ICA AS AN UNDESIRABLE ALI54 ,HE DID ONE ?+ ?AT ,LITV9OV DID1 BUT HE DID IT DIFF]5TLY4 ,HE ANSW]$ ! QUE/ION -- ,:AT IS ! ,SOVIET ,GOV]NM5T GO+ TO DO AB\T ! ,C4,I4 & PROPAG&A 9 ! ,U4,S4,A48 ,M>T5S WROTE HIS REPLY 9 ! ,NEW ,YORK ,SOCIALI/ ,CALL ( ,MAY ,DAY1 #a#i#a#i4 ,HE WROTE 3 -- 

0 ,! ATTITUDE ( ! WORK]S ( ! WORLD T[>DS ! ,RUSSIAN ,WORK]S' REVOLUTION HAS PROV$ ?AT ! SPIRIT ( 9T>NATIONAL SOLID>ITY ( WORK]S IS NOT DEAD444 ,I,T ,I,S ,A,L,S,O ,P,R,O,V,$ ,?,A,T ,! ,9,T,],N,A,T,I,O,N,A,L ,I,S ,N,O,T ,D,E,A,D4 ,9 ,! ,?,I,R,D ,9,T,],N,A,T,I,O,N,A,L ,I,T ,R,I,S,E,S ,9 ,N,E,W ,G,L,O,R,Y 

,L,O,N,G ,L,I,V,E ,! ,?,I,R,D ,9,T,],N,A,T,I,O,N,A,L6 0 

,HE WAS CALL$ BE=E ! SUB-COMMITTEE ( ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES ,S5ATE ON ,SOVIET PROPAG&A1 & HIS BOLD ANSW] IS ON RECORD 9 ! COLUMNS ( ,SOVIET ,RUSSIA1 = ,FEBRU>Y #a#d?1 #a#i#b4 ,P>T ( HIS REPLY WAS AS FOLL[S 3 -- 

0 ,! GOV]NM5T ( ,U4,S4,A1 HAS ALSO BE5 A P>TY TO ATTACKS AGA9/ ! ,RUSSIAN ,SOVIET ,GOV]NM5T1 9CLUD+ 9VASION ( ,RUSSIAN SOIL )\T A DECL>ATION ( W>4444 ,BE+ CONFID5T ?AT ! PEOPLES ( O!R NATIONS W]E NOT RESPONSIBLE = !SE POLICIES1 & ?AT !Y P]MITT$ !SE ACTIVITIES ONLY BECAUSE !Y W]E NOT ACQUA9T$ ) ! REAL SITUATION1 ! WORK]S ( ,RUSSIA APPEAL$ TO ! PEOPLES 9 V>I\S C\NTRIES1 URG+ !M TO PUT AN 5D TO !SE ATTACKS4 ,APPEALS ( ?IS NATURE HAVE BE5 DEF5SIVE MEASURES 9 ! W> IMPOS$ ON ,SOVIET ,RUSSIA BY \TSIDE =CES4444 ,PROPAG&A HAS BE5 C>RI$ ON BY ! ,SOVIET GOV]NM5T AMONG ! >MIES ( ! =EIGN GOV]NM5TS :I* 9VAD$ ,RUSSIA4 0 -- 70 ,SOVIET ,RUSSIA10 #a#d_/#b_/#b47 

,9 CONSEQU5CE ( ?IS ANSW]1 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES ,SECRET>Y ( ,LABOR ISSU$ ON ,DECEMB] #a#e1 #a#i#b1 AN ORD] :I* CONCLUD$ AS FOLL[S 3 -- 

0 ,IT IS !RE=E DECID$ ?AT ,LUDWIG ,M>T5S IS AN ALI51 A CITIZ5 ( ,RUSSIA1 & ?AT HE 5T]TA9S A BELIEF 9 & IS A MEMB] ( OR AFFILIAT$ ) AN ORGANIZATION 7I4E41 ! ,?IRD ,9T]NATIONAL-,M4,S47 ?AT 5T]TA9S A BELIEF 91 TEA*ES OR ADVOCATES ! OV]?R[ BY =CE OR VIOL5CE ( ! ,GOV]NM5T ( ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES1 & ! ,COMMISSION] ,G5]AL ( ,IMMIGRATION IS DIRECT$ TO TAKE ! SAID ,LUDWIG ,M>T5S 9TO CU/ODY & DEPORT HIM TO ,RUSSIA AT ! EXP5SE ( ! ,GOV]NM5T ( ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES4 0 

,:I* REM9DS US ( ! REPLY ( ! ,SOVIET ,UNION ,CONGRESS1 HELD AT ,MOSC[ 9 #aiah TO ,PRESID5T 

,WILSON 3 -- 

0 ,! ,SOVIET ,REPUBLIC TAKES ADVANTAGE ( ! MESSAGE ( ,PRESID5T ,WILSON TO EXPRESS TO ALL ! PEOPLES :O HAVE SUFF]$ FROM ! HORRORS ( AN IMP]IALI/ W>1 ITS W>M SYMPA?IES & ITS HONE/ BELIEF ?AT ! HAPPY MOM5T IS NOT F> AWAY :5 ! WORK]S ( ALL C\NTRIES WILL ?R[ (F ! YOKE ( CAPITALISM & E/ABLI% A SOCIALI/ REGIME1 :I* ALONE IS ABLE TO BR+ AB\T A JU/ & LA/+ PEACE & CONTRIBUTE TO CIVILIZATION & PROSP]ITY ( ! WORK]S4 0 

,?AT REPLY E/ABLI%ES ! POSITION ( ,L594 ,?AT REPLY 5DORSES ! ATTITUDE ( ,M>T5S4 ,FROM ,M>T5S TO ,LITV9OV4 ,FROM ! H\ND$ & DEPORT$ ,BOL%EVIK TO ! L\DLY PRAIS$ DIPLOMAT4 ,FROM ! EPO* ( REVOLUTION>Y 9T]NATIONALISM TO ! EPO* ( NATIONAL ,SOCIALISM1 ( CAPITULATION & ( SURR5D] ( ! WORLD REVOLUTION4 ,SU* HAD BE5 ! PROGRESS ( ,SOVIET DIPLOMACY4 ,! PASSAGE FROM ONE EPO* TO ANO!R REPRES5T$ ! PRICE PAID = ,CAPITALI/ ,AM]ICAN RECOGNITION & = A SEAT 9 ! ,LEAGUE ( ,GOV]NM5TS AT ,G5EVA4 ,IT WAS 9EVITABLE ?AT1 9 DUE C\RSE1 ! ,SOVIET ,REPUBLIC W\LD BE DRAGG$ 9TO ! W> DISA/]S ( ,CAPITALI/ SOCIETY4 

O ,APP5DIX #e 3 ,CAPITALISM 9 ,RUSSIA 

,! PURPOSE ( ! PRES5T >TICLE IS TO PUT BE=E ,BRITI% WORK+-CLASS READ]S ! FACTS CONC]N+ ! DEVELOPM5T1 ( ,CAPITALISM 9 ,RUSSIA4 ,ONCE !SE FACTS >E REALIZ$1 IT WILL BE SE5 ?AT TO PRET5D ?AT ,RUSSIAN ,CAPITALISM IS SOME K9D ( ,SOCIALISM IS RIDICUL\S4 ,RUSSIAN 9DU/RY HAS BE5 5TIRELY CAPITALI/IC = A LONG P]IOD4 ,!RE EXI/S 9 ,RUSSIA TO-DAY A PROP]TYLESS CLASS ( WAGE E>N]S1 A CLASS ( CAPITALI/ 9VE/ORS1 & CONCESSIONS WORK$ BY =EIGN CAPITALI/S4 

,! ,MAN*E/] ,GU>DIAN = ,JULY #b#g?1 #a#i#b#h1 REPORT$ ?AT ! 9T]NAL LOAN ISSU$ BY ! ,RUSSIAN ,GOV]NM5T = ! PURPOSE ( F9ANC+ 9DU/RY & AGRICULTURE ?AT YE> WAS ,G,B,P#e#b114 ,IT REPRES5T$ HALF ( ! TOTAL AM\NT DEVOT$ ?AT YE> BY ! ,RUSSIAN ,GOV]NM5T TO ECONOMIC DEVELOPM5T4 ,HALF ! #aibh LOAN C>RI$ #f P] C5T4 9T]E/ PLUS LOTT]Y PRIZES4 ,HALF C>RI$ NO 9T]E/1 BUT !RE WAS A PREMIUM ON REPAYM5T4 

,! ,SUNDAY ,WORK] ON ,AUGU/ #a#b?1 #a#i#b#h1 REF]R+ TO ! AM\NT ( MONEY ?AT ! ,SOVIET ,GOV]NM5T 9T5D$ TO SP5D ON CREAT+ HUGE ,/ATE F>MS 9 OPPOSITION TO PEASANT PROPRIETOR%IP1 DECL>$ ?AT IT WAS ANTICIPAT$ ?AT 0 GOOD & SECURE WAGES 0 W\LD ATTRACT ! POOR] PEASANT TO ! ,/ATE CONC]NS4 

,NOTE ! REF]5CE TO WAGES & TO ! POOR] PEASANTS4 

,! ,SOVIET ,UNION ,YE> ,BOOK IS ISSU$ 0 TO PROVIDE BUS9ESS & PUBLIC M5 ) RELIABLE 9=MATION ON ! ECONOMIC & POLITICAL LIFE ( ! ,U4,S4,S4,R40 ,!RE IS NO NE$ TO VISIT ,RUSSIA TO LE>N AB\T CONDITIONS !RE1 & ?IS WORK CAN BE CONSULT$ 9 ALMO/ ANY PUBLIC LIBR>Y4 ,IT SUPPLIES FACTS & FIGURES ?AT E/ABLI%ES ! REALITY ( ,CAPITALISM 9 ,RUSSIA4 ,FROM ITS COLUMNS WE LE>N ?AT ! ,CONCESSION ,COMPANIES MAKE /AGG]+ PR(ITS \T ( ! ,RUSSIAN WORK]4 ,9 #a#i#b#f-#b#g ! AV]AGE PR(IT WAS #ha P] C5T ON ! CAPITAL 9VE/$4 ,9 #a#i#b#g-#b#h IT WAS #if P] C5T4 ,ONE HAS ONLY TO CONSID] :5 READ+ ?IS BOOK ( FACTS ?AT ! ,BOL%EVIK SLOGAN ( #aiag WAS 0 ,D[N ) ! ,=EIGN ,BONDHOLD]40 

,! ,SOVIET ,YE> ,BOOK %[S H[ =EIGN BONDHOLD]S HAVE BE5 REPLAC$ BY HOME BONDHOLD]S1 )\T ANY NOTICEABLE B5EFIT TO ! WORK]S4 ,!RE IS A NEW 9CREASE 9 NATIONAL DEBT4 ,!RE >E FIVE CATEGORIES ( 9COME TAX4 ,! FIF? GRADE APPLIES TO ?OSE :OSE 9COMES >E D]IV$ FROM 0 [N]%IP ( 9DU/RIAL & TRAD+ 5T]PRISES1 FROM MONEY 9VE/M5TS1 DIVID5DS ON %>ES 0 & 0 R5T40 ,!RE IS ALSO AN 0 EXCESS PR(IT TAX 0 ABOVE 0 NORMAL PR(ITS40 

,IMAG9E A YE> BOOK ( A ,SOCIALI/ ,REPUBLIC REF]R+ TO 0 NORMAL PR(ITS40 

,! ,SOVIET ,UNION ,YE> ,BOOK ALSO SAYS 3 0 ,SOVIET LAW RECOGNIZES ! RI<T ( 9H]ITANCE1 IRRESPECTIVE ( ! AM\NT 9VOLV$40 ,!RE IS A GRADUAT$ 9H]ITANCE TAX4 ,A P]SON :O 9H]ITS ,G,B,P#b HAS TO PAY ,G,B,P#a TO ! ,/ATE OR #e P] C5T4 ,A P]SON :O 9H]ITS FROM ,G,B,P#b1 TO ,G,B,P#e1 HAS TO PAY #i P] C5T4 ON ALL OV] ,G,B,P#b14 

,! ,SUNDAY ,WORK]1 :I* C\LD NOT BE ACCUS$ ( BE+ AN ANTI-,SOVIET PAP]1 S9CE IT WAS A SUBSIDIZ$ ORGAN ( ! ,COMMUNI/ MOVEM5T1 9 ITS ISSUE = ,FEBRU>Y #a#a?1 #a#i#b#h1 PUBLI%$ ! FOLL[+ P>AGRAPH 3 -- 

,B,I,G ,*,A,N,C,E ,= ,9,V,E,/,O,R,S4 

,SOVIET #i P] C5T4 ,RAIL ,LOAN ON ,5GLI% ,M>KET4 

,! ,RUSSIAN ,/ATE ,BANK HAS PLAC$ ON ! ,5GLI% M>KET' A #i P] C5T4 RAILWAY LOAN1 ISSU$ BY ! ,PEOPLE'S ,COMMISS>IAT ( ,WAYS & ,COMMUNICATIONS1 & GU>ANTE$ BY ! ,GOV]NM5T 7WRITES A CORRESPOND5T74 

,?IS LOAN IS ISSU$ TO ! AM\NT ( ,G,B,P#f114 ,ITS R$EMPTION WILL COMM5CE ON ,M>* #a1 #a#i#b#i1 & BE COMPLET$ ON ,SEPTEMB] #a1 #a#i#c#d4 ,A SUMM>Y ( ! REV5UE (F]$ BY ?IS LOAN %[S ! FOLL[+ -- #i4#d#g P] C5T4 ON 9VE/$ CAPITAL2 4#d P] C5T4 FROM FUR!R 9VE/$ RECEIPTS ON C\PONS2 #a4#a#h DIFF]5CE BETWE5 PUR*ASE PRICE & NOM9AL VALUE4 ,! TOTAL YE>LY REV5UE ON BONDS ( LOAN WILL AM\NT TO #a#a4#e P] C5T4 

,HI< YIELD+ LOANS >E USUALLY NOT AVAILABLE = PUBLIC SUBSCRIPTION ESPECIALLY ) ! SECURITY ?IS (F]S4 ,! PR(ITS ON ! RAILWAYS LA/ YE> W\LD COV] ! LOAN F\R TIMES4 

,?AT !RE MAY BE NO D\BT AB\T ! AU!NTICITY ( ?IS ,CAPITALI/ DEVELOPM5T ! READ] IS REF]R$ TO ! ,MOSC[ ,DAILY ,NEWS = ,SEPTEMB] #b#e?1 #a#i#b#b1 A DAILY PAP] PR9T$ 9 ,5GLI% 9 ,MOSC[4 ,UND] L>GE HEADL9ES1 9 ?IS ISSUE !RE APPE>$ AN >TICLE 9VIT+ ! =EIGN 9VE/OR TO SUBSCRIBE = ,SOVIET BONDS4 ,WE QUOTE ! OP5+ P>AGRAPH ( ?AT >TICLE 3 -- 

0 ,S,O,V,I,E,T ,B,O,N,D,S ,= ,! ,=,E,I,G,N ,9,V,E,/,O,R4 0 

0,H,[ ,M,A,N,Y ,P,E,O,P,L,E ,K,N,[ ,?,A,T ,S,I,M,P,L,Y ,B,Y ,A,N ,O,R,D,] ,T,O ,!,I,R ,[,N ,B,A,N,K,],S ,!,Y ,C,A,N ,9,V,E,/ ,9 ,A ,S,O,V,I,E,T ,G,O,V,],N,M,5,T ,L,O,A,N ,?,A,T ,P,A,Y,S ,T,5 ,P,] ,C,5,T4 ,9,T,],E,/1 ,& ,9 ,:,I,* ,!,Y ,C,A,N ,R,E,A,L,I,Z,E ,!,I,R ,C,A,P,I,T,A,L ,A,T ,A,N,Y ,T,I,M,E ,!,Y ,L,I,K,E8 

0 ,! ME?OD WAS EXPLA9$ TO ,MOSC[ ,DAILY ,PRESS BY A MEMB] ( ! COLLEGIUM ( ! ,PEOPLE'S ,COMMISS>IAT ( ,F9ANCE4 

0 ' ,( C\RSE1' HE SAID1 ' Y\ MU/ UND]/& ?AT ?IS IS AN 9T]NAL LOAN SUBSCRIB$ *IEFLY BY ! WORK]S & PEASANTS ( ! ,SOVIET ,UNION4 ,WE DO NOT ISSUE A PROSPECTUS = PEOPLE LIV+ ABROAD NOR ANY O!R LIT]ATURE2 BUT S9CE IT IS A GOLD LOAN !RE IS NO REASON :Y =EIGN]S %\LD NOT 9VE/ IF !Y WANT TO4 ,C,O,N,S,I,D,],+ ,! ,/,A,T,E ,( ,A,F,F,A,I,R,S ,9 ,O,!,R ,C,\,N,T,R,I,E,S1 ,I,T ,I,S ,H,>,D,L,Y ,N,E,C,E,S,S,>,Y ,T,O ,P,O,9,T ,\,T ,?,A,T ,?,I,S ,I,S ,P,R,O,B,A,B,L,Y ,! ,S,A,F,E,/ ,& ,B,E,/ ,Y,I,E,L,D,+ ,9,V,E,/,M,5,T ,9 ,! ,W,O,R,L,D ,T,O-,D,A,Y4' 

0,?,R,E,E ,I,S,S,U,E,S40 

0 ,! LOAN IS CALL$ ! ,FIVE ,YE> ,PLAN ,LOAN1 & !RE >E ?REE ISSUES4 ,! FIR/ IS ! ' ,FIVE-,YE> ,PLAN 9 ,F\R ,YE>S1' & ! SECOND ! ' ,?IRD ,DECISIVE ,YE>4' ,!SE LOANS >E BO? ( A PREMIUM & 9T]E/-BE>+ *>ACT]1 & >E NOT SOLD ABROAD4 

0 ,! ?IRD ISSUE IS CALL$ ! ' ,F\R? & ,CONCLUD+ ,YE> ' & ! BONDS >E ( TWO K9DS -- ONE PREMIUM1 & ! O!R 9T]E/-BE>+4 ,! SECOND K9D CAN BE HELD ABROAD4 

0 ,! PROC$URE ( BUY+ IS SIMPLE4 ,ONE CAN S5D ! MONEY DIRECT TO ! ,/ATE ,BANK ( ! ,U4,S4,S4,R41 ,NEGL9NAYA #a#b1 ,MOSC[1 OR GIVE AN ORD] TO ANY BANK ABROAD :I* IS 9 CORRESPOND5CE ) ! ,U4,S4,S4,R4 ,/ATE ,BANK -- & ALL ! MO/ IMPORTANT =EIGN BANKS >E4 

0,C,],T,I,F,I,C,A,T,E ,) ,C,\,P,O,N,S40 

0 ,AGA9/ ! 9VE/M5T ! ,/ATE ,BANK GIVES A C]TIFICATE TO :I* >E ATTA*$ C\PONS1 ONE C\PON = EA* YE> UP TO #a#i#d#b4 ,9T]E/ IS PAID ONCE A YE> ON ,DECEMB] #a1 & IT IS NECESS>Y TO S5D ! CORRESPOND+ C\PON TO ! ,/ATE ,BANK ) DIRECTIONS AS TO PAYM5T 2 OR ! C]TIFICATE CAN BE DEPOSIT$ AT ! ,/ATE ,BANK & ! 9T]E/ WILL BE PAID AUTOMATICALLY EA* YE>1 EI!R ?R\< ONE'S [N BANK OR BY :ATEV] ME?OD ONE *OOSES -- & 9 ANY CURR5CY DESIR$40 

,! >TICLE !N EXPLA9S ?AT ?IS IS A0 GOLD LOAN0 & DETAILS ! P>TICUL> ADVANTAGES TO ! 9VE/OR ?AT RESULT FROM ?IS FACT4 

O ,APP5DIX #f 3 ,! ,SOVIET'S ,NATIONAL ,H]OES 

,BY A ,SPECIAL ,DECREE DAT$ #b#i? ,JULY1 #a#i#d#b1 ?REE NEW HI< ORD]S ( M]IT W]E 9TRODUC$ = ! ,SOVIET >MY 9 ! NAMES ( ?REE NATIONAL H]OES ( ! OLD ,IMP]IAL ,RUSSIA4 ,9 SPITE ( LAVI% DECORATION ( R$ GOLD 5AMEL$ />S & O!R ,SOVIET SYMBOLS1 ! NAMES ( ,C\NT ,S\VOR(F1 ,PR9CE ,K\T\Z(F1 & ,PR9CE ,ALEX&] ,NIEVSKY >E ?OSE ( REPRES5TATIVES ( ! OLD ,CZ>I/ ,IMP]IAL ,NATIONALISM4 

,! ORD] ( ,PR9CE ,K\T\Z(F IS CO9$ ( PURE GOLD 9 ! %APE ( A FIVE-PO9T$ />4 ,! C5T] DISC ( :ITE 5AMEL IS SURR\ND$ BY A WREA? ( LAURELS & OAK LEAVES & AS IF TRY+ TO BLOT \T ! T[] ( ! ,KREML9 ) ITS R$ 5AMEL FIVE-PO9T$ /> IS ! GOLD IMAGE ( ,PR9CE1 ,K\T\Z(F4 ,AT ! SIDES >E ! SIMPLE WORDS1 ,MI*AEL ,K\T\Z(F4 ,?IS ORD] IS 9 TWO GRADES1 & IS AW>D$ TO >MY COMM&]S & DIVISIONAL (FIC]S = /UBBORN RESI/ANCE & /RATEGICAL RETREATS4 

,! ORD] ( ,C\NT ,S\VOR(F IS MADE ( PLAT9UM ALSO 9 ! %APE ( A FIVE-PO9T$ />1 ) ! HEAD ( ,C\NT ,S\VOR(F 9 ! C5T] OV] A SPRAY ( LAUREL & OAK LEAVES4 ,?IS ORD] IS 9 ?REE GRADES ALSO = ! (FIC]S ( HI< COMM& = SUCCESSFUL FRONTAL OP]ATIONS4 

,! ?IRD ORD] ( ,PR9CE ,ALEX&] ,NIEVSKY IS MADE ( SILV] 9 ! %APE ( A R$ 5AMEL$ FIVE-PO9T$ />4 ,9 ! C5T] IS A %IELD BE>+ ! HEAD ( ,PR9CE ,ALEX&] ,NIEVSKY4 ,SURR\ND+ IT IS A LAUREL & OAK WREA? RE/+ ON A CROSS$ SWORD1 B[ & >R[ COV]$ BY A HAMM] & SICKLE4 ,?IS ORD] IS 9 ONE GRADE ONLY & IS = EXCEPTIONAL BRAV]Y & M]IT DISPLAY$ 9 BATTLE4 

,! ,SOVIET ,GOV]NM5T HAS DISCOV]$ ?AT IT HAS TO-DAY SOME?+ 9 COMMON ) ! OLD ,IMP]IAL REGIME :I* WAS SUPPOS$ TO HAVE BE5 DE/ROY$4 

O ,APP5DIX #g 3 ,PEACE & ,W> FROM ,W>-,ZIG TO ,PEACE-,ZAG 

,9 ,FEBRU>Y #aida A ,PEOPLE'S ,CONV5TION1 SO CALL$1 WAS >RANG$ 9 ,LONDON1 TO ORGANIZE A MOVEM5T = A ,PEOPLE'S ,GOV]NM5T1 ALSO SO-CALL$4 ,! AIM ( ?IS ,PEOPLE'S ,GOV]NM5T WAS SAID TO BE PEACE4 ,! CONV5TION WAS BOO/$ 9 ! ,DAILY ,WORK]4 ,%ORTLY AFT] ! CONV5TION1 ! ,DAILY ,WORK] WAS SUPPRESS$4 

,! ,CONV5TION ,CALL1 ADDRESS$ TO WORK]S1 SOCIALI/S1 TRADE UNIONI/S1 ! L[] MIDDLE CLASS1 0 DEMOCRATS & ANTI-FASCI/S10 WAS SIGN$ BY A LONG LI/ ( NAMES :I* READ LIKE A ROLL CALL ( ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY4 ,NO NON-,/AL9I/ ORGANIZATION 5DORS$ ! ,CONV5TION4 

,! ,CALL PRES5T$ ! IMM$IATE L9E ( ! ,BRITI% ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY4 ,! ,TORY ,GOV]NM5T WAS D5\NC$ = HELP+ TO PLACE ,HITL] 9 P[]1 & = GETT+ ! C\NTRY 9TO W> 2 = PR(ITE]+1 HI< PRICES1 & TAXES 2 = 9ADEQUATE AIR RAID PROTECTION4 ,! ,*UR*ILL ,GOV]NM5T WAS ATTACK$ = ITS FAILURE TO GRANT NATIONAL FRE$OM1 & = ITS 0 SC>CELY-CONCEAL$ HO/ILITY 0 TO ! ,SOVIET ,UNION4 ,! ,LABOR ,P>TY LEAD]S W]E CRITICIZ$ = !IR P>TICIPATION 9 ! COALITION GOV]NM5T4 

,! ,CONV5TION ,CALL DEM&$ FRI5D%IP ) ! ,SOVIET ,UNION1 A ,PEOPLE'S ,GOV]NM5T1 & A PEOPLE'S PEACE4 

,EV]Y 9TELLIG5T ,SOCIALI/ & ,PACIFI/1 EV]Y ?9K+ WORK+ MAN & WOMAN KNEW ?AT ! REAL PURPOSE ( ?IS ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY ,CONV5TION WAS TO ADVANCE ,/AL9ISM4 ,!Y KNEW ?AT ! POLICIES ( ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY BE=E & S9CE ! PRES5T W> W]E & >E DICTAT$ BY ! REACTION>Y 9T]E/S ( ! ,RUSSIAN ,/AL9I/ BUREAUCRACY4 

,BE=E ! PRES5T W> :5 ,/AL9 WAS FLIRT+ ) ! DEMOCRATIC IMP]IALI/S ( ,BRITA9 & ,FRANCE1 ! ,5GLI% ,/AL9I/S W]E ANXI\S TO =CE ! IMP]IALI/ DEMOCRACIES 9TO W> AGA9/ ,HITL]4 ,:5 ! PRES5T W> BROKE \T1 ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY ( ,GREAT ,BRITA9 WAS RESOLUTELY PRO-W>4 ,SO W]E ! 0 ,COMMUNI/S 0 9 ! ,P>IS ,*AMB] ( ,DEPUTIES :O VOT$ = W> CR$ITS4 ,! ,C5TRAL ,COMMITTEE ( ! P>TY ISSU$ A /ATEM5T 9 ,SEPTEMB]1 #a#i#c#i1 CALL+ = 0 SUPPORT ( ALL NECESS>Y MEASURES TO SECURE ! VICTORY ( DEMOCRACY OV] ,FASCISM4 0 

,! ,/AL9-,HITL] PACT TOOK ,GALLA*] & ,POLLITT BY SURPRISE4 ,BUT !Y /ILL EXPECT$1 *ILDI%LY1 ?AT ! ,SOVIET ,UNION W\LD REMA9 ALLI$ ) ,BRITI% & ,FR5* CAPITALISM4 ,9 ! FIR/ DAYS ( ! W>1 ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY EXECUTIVE SUMM>IZ$ ! SITUATION = ! 5LI<T5M5T ( ,DAILY ,WORK] READ]S ?US 3 -- 

0 ,9DE$1 ! ESS5CE ( ! PRES5T SITUATION IS ?AT ! PEOPLE HAVE N[ TO WAGE A /RUGGLE ON TWO FRONTS4 ,F,I,R,/1 ,T,O ,S,E,C,U,R,E ,! ,M,I,L,I,T,>,Y ,V,I,C,T,O,R,Y ,O,V,] ,F,A,S,C,I,S,M2 ,S,E,C,O,N,D1 ,T,O ,A,*,I,E,V,E ,?,I,S1 ,! ,P,O,L,I,T,I,C,A,L ,V,I,C,T,O,R,Y ,O,V,] ,*,A,M,B,],L,A,9 ,& ,! ,5,E,M,I,E,S ,( ,D,E,M,O,C,R,A,C,Y ,9 ,?,I,S ,C,\,N,T,R,Y4 ,!SE TWO AIMS >E 9SEP>ABLE1 & ! H>D] ! EF=TS TO W9 ONE1 ! MORE SU/A9$ ! ACTIVITY TO W9 ! O!R4 0 

,MOSC[ ADVIS$ ! ,BRITI% ,P>TY ?AT !IR L9E WAS WRONG4 ,! ,/AL9-,HITL] PACT MEANT ?AT ! ,BRITI% 0 ,COMMUNI/S 0 MU/ OPPOSE ! ,BRITI% ,GOV]NM5T & ! W>4 ,! 0 ,COMMUNI/ 0 YES-M5 DID AS !Y W]E ORD]$ 2 !Y OPPOS$ ! W> ) ! SAME 9TELLIG5CE & ! SAME S9C]ITY AS !Y HAD EX]CIS$ 9 SUPPORT+ IT 2 !Y OPPOS$ ! W> AS HIREL+S1 COMPELL$ TO OBEY !IR MA/]S' ORD]S4 ,9 ?IS SPIRIT ( S]FDOM & HIRE-PUR*ASE !Y ORGANIZ$ ! ,PEOPLE'S ,CONV5TION1 A CONV5TION :I* \<T TO HAVE COMM&$ NO RESPECT FROM ANY DEC5T1 ?9K+ MAN OR WOMAN4 

,( C\RSE SU* A VOLTE-FACE DID NOT COMM& COMPLETE ADH]5CE4 ,! MU*-BOOM$ ,LEFT ,BOOK ,CLUB W5T WE/4 ,! ,PEOPLE'S ,FRONT]S1 ,H>OLD ,LASKI1 ,JOHN ,/RA*EY1 ,ANEUR9 ,BEVAN1 ,VICTOR ,GOLLANZ1 REMA9$ FAI?FUL TO ! PRE-W> TUNE4 

,9 L9E ) ! PRO-,HITL] POLICY1 ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY URG$ ! NATIONAL 9DEP5D5CE ( ! COLONIAL PEOPLES4 ,?IS WAS NOT A PR9CIPLE BUT A TACTIC 9 L9E ) ! DICTAT$ *ANG$ ALLEGIANCE4 ,PREVI\SLY1 :5 ,/AL9 WAS ALLI$ ) ! DEMOCRATIC IMP]IALI/S1 ! ,/AL9I/S W]E TOLD ?AT ! NATIONAL 9DEP5D5CE ( ! OPPRESS$ PEOPLES HAD TO BE SUBORD9AT$ TO 0 COLLECTIVE SECURITY 0 AGA9/ ,HITL] 0 9 ! 9T]E/S ( DEFEAT+ FASCISM1 ! MORTAL 5EMY ( ! WORK+ CLASS1 0 TO QUOTE ! WORDS ( A LEAD] ( ! ,COMMUNI/ ,9T]NATIONAL1 ,MANUILSKY 7,M>*1 #a#i#c#i74 

,! ,BRITI% ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY ISSU$ A /ATEM5T ON 0 ,! ,COLONIES & ,FASCISM1 0 ELABORAT+ ON ! IDEA ?AT ! 0 MA9 5EMY 0 ( ! ,BRITI% COLONIALS WAS NOT ,BRITI% IMP]IALISM BUT RA!R ,G]MAN ,FASCISM4 ,IT D5\NC$ ! V]Y PROPAG&A IT ADVANC$ AFT] ,AUGU/1 #a#i#c#i1 BY AV]R+ ?AT SU* PROPAG&A1 9 ! NAME ( REPUDIAT+ EXI/+ IMP]IAL DOM9ATION1 9 PRACTICE ACTS AS ! APOLOGI/ ( FASCI/ AGGRESSIVE AIMS 9 RELATION TO ! COLONIAL PEOPLES4 0 7,LABOR ,MON?LY1 ,AUGU/1 #a#i#c#i74 

,AS SOON AS ,/AL9'S H5*M5 ADJU/$ !MSELVES TO !IR ,FUEHR]'S ALLIANCE ) ,G]MAN ,FASCISM1 !Y WROTE A NEW /ATEM5T 70 ,! ,COLONIES & ,W> 07 CONDEMN+ ,BRITA9'S ATTEMPT TO DRAG ! COLONIES 9TO ! W> 7?AT IS1 ! POLICY !Y !MSELVES HAD ADVOCAT$71 =GETT+ AB\T !IR OLD BOGEY ( ,FASCISM AS ! 0 MA9 DANG] 0 9 ! COLONIES1 & HYPOCRITICALLY ANN\NC+ ?AT 0 ,COMMUNI/S HAVE ALWAYS F\<T = ! RI<T ( ALL PEOPLES TO COMPLETE SELF-DET]M9ATION44440 7,LABOR ,MON?LY1 ,DECEMB]1 #a#i#c#i74 

,! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY OLD L9E CALL$ = A 0 ,PEOPLE'S ,GOV]NM5T1 0 A COALITION ( ! ,LABOR ,P>TY1 ,LIB]AL ,P>TY & 0 ANTI-FASCI/ CONS]VATIVES 0 SU* AS ,$5 & ,*UR*ILL -- :I* 9 ALLIANCE ) ! ,SOVIET ,UNION W\LD WAGE W> 0 9 DEF5SE ( DEMOCRACY AGA9/ FASCISM40 

,9 ,FEBRU>Y1 #a#i#d#a1 !Y CALL$ = 0,A ,PEOPLE'S ,GOV]NM5T1 TRULY REPRES5TATIVE ( ! :OLE PEOPLE & ABLE TO 9SPIRE ! CONFID5CE ( ! WORK+ PEOPLE ( ! WORLD 0 & = 0 A PEOPLE'S PEACE ?AT GETS RID ( ! CAUSES ( W>40 

,:AT DID ?IS ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY 0 ,PEOPLE'S ,GOV]NM5T 0 MEAN8 ,IT MEANT ANY ,BRITI% GOV]NM5T :I* =M$ A MILIT>Y ALLIANCE ) ! ,SOVIET ,UNION4 ,ALL ! RE/ WAS M]E V]BIAGE4 ,SO LONG AS ! ,*UR*ILL ,GOV]NM5T DID NOT S]VE ! 9T]E/S ?AT GOV]N$ ,/AL9 & DICTAT$ HIS POLICY1 ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY WAS AGA9/ ! W> & = A ,HITL] PEACE4 ,:5 ! ,*UR*ILL ,GOV]NM5T S]V$ ! 9T]E/S ( ! ,SOVIET BUREAUCRACY1 !N ! ,/AL9I/S ONCE AGA9 BECAME >D5T UPHOLD]S ( ! ,UNION ,JACK4 ,! G5U9E QUE/ION ( PEACE & COMMONWEAL1 ! REAL ECONOMIC 9T]E/S ( ! WORK+ CLASS1 HAS NO PLACE 9 ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY PROGRAM ( ?\<T & ACTION4 ,IT IS ! SUBSIDIZ$ P>TY ( ! ,SOVIET REACTION & \<T TO COMM& NO RESPECT & NO SUPPORT FROM ! WORK]S 9 ,GREAT ,BRITA94 

,:5 ONE RECALLS ! ,REI*/AG FIRE TRIAL1 ! D5UNCIATION ( POOR1 SIMPLE1 EXECUT$ ,VAN D] ,LUBBE1 ! APPLAUD+ ( ,DIMITROV1 ! D5UNCIATION ( ,TROTSKYI/S1 & O!RS AS ,SOCIAL ,FASCI/S1 & !N ?9KS OV] ! ,/AL9-,HITL] ,PACT1 ONE IS AMAZ$ AT ! P]FIDIES ( 0 ,COMMUNISM 0 & 0 ,SOCIALISM40 ,ON ! OCCASION ( ! ,TW5TY-?IRD ANNIV]S>Y ( ! ,OCTOB]-,NOVEMB] ,REVOLUTION 9 ,NOVEMB]1 #a#i#d1 ,/AL9 PROHIBIT$ ! RAIS+ ( A S+LE ANTI-FASCI/ SLOGAN 9 ! ,SOVIET ,UNION4 ,LIKEWISE TABOO W]E ANY & ALL ANTI-W> OR ANTI -,IMP]IALI/ SLOGANS4 ,ANY M5TION ( FASCISM1 W>1 IMP]IALISM1 VICTIMS ( FASCISM1 COLONIAL PEOPLES1 CLASS-W> PRISON]S1 REFUGEES1 WAS PROSCRIB$4 ,9 ! #db (FICIAL SLOGANS ISSU$ BY ! ,KREML9 = ! ,NOVEMB] #g? CELEBRATIONS !RE WAS NOT EV5 A DIRECT REF]5CE TO CAPITALISM4 

,! ONLY REF]5CE TO ! WORLD SITUATION WAS CONTA9$ 9 ! FOLL[+ SLOGAN 3 0 ,LONG LIVE ! =EIGN POLICY ( ,PEACE BETWE5 ,PEOPLES & ,ASSUR+ ! ,SECURITY ( \R ,FA!RL& 6 0 

,?IS MEANT1 9 O!R WORDS1 0 ,LONG LIVE ! ,HITL]-,/AL9 ,PACT 6 0 

,EV5 SU* A RITUALI/IC SLOGAN REPEAT$ = YE>S AS 0 ,LONG ,LIVE ! ,SOVIET ,P[] 9 ! ,:OLE ,WORLD 6 0 WAS OMITT$ 9 #a#i#d4 

,! ,PEOPLE'S ,FRONT ,POLICY />T$ 9 #a#i#c#h4 ,AT ?IS TIME1 EV51 ! ,KREML9 WAS SELL+ OIL TO ,MUSSOL9I = ! MASSACRE ( ,ABYSS9IA4 ,YET ,/AL9 ISSU$ !SE SLOGANS = ! CELEBRATION ( ! ,EI<TE5? ,ANNIV]S>Y ( ! ,NOVEMB] ,REVOLUTION 3 -- 

0 ,\R ,FLAM+ ,GREET+S TO ! ,PROLET>IANS & ,TOIL]S ( ,FRANCE1 ! ,VANGU>D ,FI<T]S ,AGA9/ ,FASCISM1 ,AGA9/ ,IMP]IALI/ ,W>6 0 

0 ,BOL%EVIK ,GREET+S TO ! ,REVOLUTION>Y ,PROLET>IAT ( ,G]MANY6 ,LONG ,LIVE ! ,H]OIC ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY ( ,G]MANY6 ,LONG ,LIVE ,COMRADE ,?,A,E,L,M,A,N,N6 ,LET ,US ,TE> 

,HIM ,FROM ! ,CLUT*ES ( ! ,FASCI/ ,HANGM56 0 

0 ,BOL%EVIK ,GREET+S TO ! ,POPUL> ,MASSES ( ,ABYSS9IA1 ,C\RAGE\SLY ,DEF5D+ ,!IR ,9DEP5D5CE40 

0 ,FRAT]NAL ,GREET+S TO ! ,H]OIC ,WORK+ ,CLASS & ALL ! ,TOIL+ ,MASSES ( ,*9A4 ,LONG ,LIVE ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY ( ,*9A6 0 

0 ,! ,IMP]IALI/S >E ,DIVID+ & ,5SLAV+ ,*9A6 ,GREET+S TO ! ,*9ESE ,PEOPLE ,FI<T+ = ,!IR ,EMANCIPATION & ,9DEP5D5CE6 0 

,! ,KREML9 DICTATORS LAT] %OOK H&S ) 0 ! ,FASCI/ HANGM540 ,ALLI$ TO ,JAPAN1 ! SAME DICTATORS HAD NO TIME = ! ,*9ESE /RUGGLE4 

,9 #a#i#c#e1 ,/AL9 LAUN*$ SO MANY SLOGANS AGA9/ ,FASCISM1 ?AT TO DO !M JU/ICE WE W\LD HAVE TO DEVOTE SEV]AL PAMPHLETS TO !IR REPRODUCTION4 ,H]E >E A FEW SELECT$ AT R&OM 3 -- 

0 ,FASCISM IS ! ,MO/ ,SAVAGE ,(F5SIVE ( ,CAPITALISM ,AGA9/ ! ,TOIL+ ,MASSES6 

0 ,FASCISM -- ?IS ,MEANS ,W> ( ,AGGRESSION6 

0 ,FASCISM-,?IS ,MEANS ,HUNG]1 ,POV]TY1 ,MIS]Y6 

0 ,D[N ,) ,FASCISM6 ,D[N ) ,CAPITALISM6 

0 ,FUZE ,9TO A ,S+LE ,UNIT$ ,FRONT ,= ! ,/RUGGLE ,AGA9/ 

0 ,FASCISM -- ,! ,BITT]E/ ,5EMY ( ,ALL ,PEOPLES6 0 

,9 #a#i#d1 !RE IS A COMPLETE SIL5CE AS TO ,CAPITALISM & ,FASCISM4 ,! #db SLOGANS >E MO/LY 0 GREET+S 0 & 9JUNCTIONS TO ! WORK]S1 5G9E]S1 & TE*NICIANS1 CALL+ = 9CREAS$ PRODUCTION FROM CROPS TO METALS1 CALICO TO BUILD+S1 CULTURE TO *EMICALS4 

,ANO!R SET ( SLOGANS SIMPLY RAIS$ 0 DEM&S40 

0 ,CREATE ,MI<TY ,/ATE ,LABOR ,RES]VES = ,9DU/RY & ,TRANSPORT6 

0 ,LONG ,LIVE ! ,OCTOB] #bND ,LAWS ,9/ITUT+ ,*ILD ,LABOR 9 ! ,SOVIET ,UNION6 

0 ,! ,/RUGGLE ,AGA9/ ,LAGG>DS & ,DISORGANIZ]S ( ,PRODUCTION IS ! ,/RUGGLE = ,/R5G!N+ ! ,MI<T ( ,\R ,FA!RL& & ,ITS ,R$ ,>MY4 ,LONG ,LIVE ,LABOR ,DISCIPL9E & ,EXEMPL>Y ,ORD] 9 ! ,5T]PRISES ( ,\R ,FA!RL&6 0 

,?IS WAS ASK+ ! WORK]S TO GIVE REVOLUTION>Y *E]S = ,FASCI/ ,LABOR ,LAWS ?AT 5SLAV$ !M 3 = *ILD LABOR1 ABOVE ALL ?+S 6 

,! 0 ,LONG ,LIVE 0 SLOGANS RELAT$ TO ,TRADE ,UNIONS1 ,KONSOMOLS1 ,SOVIET ,9TELLECTUALS1 ALL ( :I* HAD BE5 PURG$ DUR+ ! PREVI\S MID-SUMM]4 ,TWO SLOGANS 9 ?IS #aid CELEBRATION M]IT SPECIAL M5TION4 

,!RE WAS A SUDD5 & RA!R UNEXPECT$ REF]5CE TO 0 ,\R ,SOCIALI/ ,ESPIONAGE ,S]VICE -- ! ,*,E,K,A40 ,?IS WAS 9 CONNECTION ) A SLOGAN CALL+ = ! /R5G!N+ ( ! ,R$ ,>MY4 ,! ,*EKA >OSE DUR+ ! CIVIL W>4 ,IT GAVE WAY TO ! ,O4,G4,P4,U4 ,?IS NAME BECAME SO ABHORR5T ?AT ! SECRET POLICE DEP>TM5T WAS R5AM$ ! ,N4,K4,V4,O4 ,9 #a#i#d1 ) A ,FASCI/ ALLIANCE1 WE HAD ! RETURN TO ! NAME MORE SIGNIFICANT ( T]ROR ?AN ! ,G4,P4,U4 -- ! ,*,E,K,A 6 ,?IS WAS & IS A DIRECT ?REAT ( 9T5SIFI$ POLICE T]ROR & M>TIAL C\RTS4 

,! SECOND SLOGAN WAS 3 -- 

0 ,LET ,US ,UNFOLD ! ,CRITICISM ( \R ,9ADEQUACIES6 ,LET ,US ,/R5G!N ,/ILL ,MORE ! ,MI<T & ,ORGANIZ$ ,P[] ( \R ,/ATE6 0 

,?IS SLOGAN WAS NOT A SLOGAN ( ,SOCIALISM BUT ( ,FASCISM2 A SLOGAN ( C5TRALIZ$ P[]1 ( A TOTALIT>IAN /ATE4 ,IT IS A SLOGAN ( FALSEHOOD1 P]SECUTION & TYRANNY4 

,& SO WE W]E BR\<T FROM ! 0 ,COMMUNI/ 0 ,W>-,ZIG TO ! 0 ,COMMUNI/ 0 ,PEACE-,ZAG4 ,9 NEI!R 9/ANCE WAS ! WELL-BE+ ( ! WORK+ CLASSES1 OR ! F9AL PEACE & COMMONWEAL ( ! WORLD1 ! 9SPIR+ CONSID]ATION ( ! SLOGAN-MONG]S OR HIREL+ APOLOGI/S1 = ! ,SOVIET ,UNION4 ,! 0 ,COMMUNI/ 0 ZIG-ZAG POLICY IS ONE ( CORRUPTION1 P]SECUTION1 BETRAYAL1 & DI%ONE/Y4 ,IT IS NOT ,COMMUNISM BUT ,CAPITALISM 2 NOT PEACE BUT MILIT>ISM 2 NOT PROLET>IAN BUT P[]-MONG]+ & P[]-P&]+2 A POLICY ( EXPLOITATION & \TRAGE4 ,! ,/AL9I/S HAVE NO PLACE 9 ! PROLET>IAN /RUGGLE4 

O ,APP5DIX #h 3 ,C4,P4 ,EXPOSURES 

,! FOLL[+ EXPOSURES ( ! ,C4,P4 W]E MADE 9 ,! ,COMMUNE4 ,REF]5CES DO NOT 9CLUDE >TICLES S9CE EMBODI$ 9 MY PAMPHLETS 3 

,SEPT4 #a#i#b#e4- 7#a7 0,YES1 ,HONOR ,?IS40 ,TILLETT'S ,W> ,RECORD ,EXPOS$2 7#b7 ,OH 6 ,?AT ,UNIT$ ,F'RONT 6 ,RECORD ( ! CONTEMPT ! ,C4,P4 WAS BR++ ON ,COMMUNISM2 7#c7 ,R$ ,HUBBUB2 7#d7 ,SAKLATVALA'S ,HONOR2 7#e7 ,FI<T+ ,FREE ,SPEE*4 ,! ,ANTI-,P>LEY ,WAY4 

,OCT4- ,! ,PASS+ ( ,L59ISM2 ,:AT ,!Y ,HAVE ,SAID 7,FUR!R WORD AGA9/ ,TILLETT7 2 ,LIV]POOL ,LIMELI<TS 7ACC4 ,TILLETT & ,C4,P4 ,LIV]POOL ,CONF]5CE74 

,NOV4- ,COMMUNISM ,SUPPRESS$ 9 ,SOVIET ,RUSSIA2 ,COMMUNISM1 ,MILIT>ISM & ,S$ITION 7,ACC\NT ( ,CONDITIONS 9 ,SOVIET ,RUSSIA 9 RELATION TO ,OPPOSITION & ,ANTI-,MILIT>ISM7 2 ,P]SECUTION ( ,MJASNIK[ 2 ,L59ISM ,SUPREME 7,ACC\NT ( ,B]L9 ,SOVIET ,FEA/ & ,TOA/S1 ETC41 ,SUNDAY1 ,NOV4 #h1 #a#i#b#e74 

,DEC4 ,SOVIET ,TRIAL 7,SUMM>Y & ,REVIEW7 2 ,S$ITION & ,*>LATANISM 7,C4,P4 EULOGIES ( ,TILLETT EXPOS$7 2 ,L59 ,/ATECRAFT & ,HUMBUG2 ,COMMUNISM1,EMPIRE1 & ! ,POLITICAL ,PRISON]4 

,JAN4 #a#i#b#f4- ,DEBATE 9 ,COMMONS 7,C4,P4 ,TRIAL7 2 ,MORE ,MOSC[ ,D\BLE-,DEAL+2 ,TELEGRAMS ON ,QUE5 ,ALEX&RA'S DEA?2 ,*I*]9'S D9+ ) ,/RESEMAN & ,SEEK]4 

,FEB4 -- 0 ,HALT ?IS ,C\NT] ,REVOLUTION 0 7,/ATEM5T ,RUSSIAN ,ANTI-,P>LIAM5T>IANS' ,PROGRAM74 

,M>4- ,A4 ,C4,P4 ,/ALW>T4 

,MAY -- ,:AT IS ?IS ,COMMUNISM8 7,COMPLETE ,ANALYSIS ( ,SOVIET ,CRIM9AL ,CODE 9 RELATION TO POLITICAL RI<TS1 ETC47 2 ,COMMUNISM1 ,TORYISM & ,SPIES4 

,M>*1 #aibg -- ,ATTITUDE T[>DS ,*9A & ! ,CANTONESE ,GOV]NM5T 7,REPR9T$ >TICLE 0 ,*9A ,CALLS 0 FROM ,COMMUNE1 ,JULY #a#i#b#e74 

,SEPT4-,OCT4 -- 7#a7 ,COMMUNISM1 ,C>E]ISM1 & ,P>LIAM5T>ISM 7,C4,P4 ATTITUDE T[>DS ,LABOR ,P>TY & REGRET AT REFUS$ APPLICATION EXPOS$ -- ,C4,P4 SUPPORT ( ,W4 ,F4 ,WATSON1 KN[+ HIM TO BE A POLICE AG5T1 SUPPORT]S 9CLUD$ ,MRS4 ,POLLITT -- ,GALLA*]'S SUPPORT ( ,TILLETT- ,TILLETT EXPOS$ 2 7#b7 ,SAKLATVALA'S ,DOME/IC ,DIETIES 7,HIS ,P>SEE FAMILY RITES EXPOS$74 

,NOV4- ,%ALL ,LABOR ,LIQUIDATE ,SOCIALISM OR ,CAPITALISM8 7,! ,ISSUE ,DEF9$ BY ,RUSSIAN ,ANTI- ,P>LIAM5T>IANS74 ,MJASNIK['S /ATEM5T4 

,DEC4- ,REMEMBRANCE ,NOTES 7,P>AGRAPHS DEAL+ ) TREATM5T ( ANTI-MILIT>I/S 9 ,RUSSIA4 ,/ATEM5T ( ,RUSSIAN ,ANTI-,P>LIAM5T>IANS74 

,M>*1 #a#i#b#h4- ,COMPLETE EXPOSURE ( ,B5 ,TILLETT & ,C4,P4 7,MALONE'S SPEE* ON UNEMPLOYM5T 9 ,P>LIAM5T1 ,OCTOB]1 #a#i#b74 

,MAY4- 7#a7 ,:AT ,HAVE ,!Y ,DONE8 7,REPLY TO ,GALLA*]'S DEF5SE ( ,RIT*IE AGA9/ ,ALDR$1 ,SEPT4 #c1 #a#i#b#b7 2 7#b7 ,SOCIALISM OR ! ,UNIT$ ,FRONT 7,ANSW]S1 #a#i#b#b1 TO ,RIT*IE SUMM>IZ$4 ,RIT*IE SNE]$ AT ,ALDR$ AS 0 OBSCURE ,AN>*I/ LECTUR]10 ETC474 

,M>* #a#i#b#i4- ,TROTSKY'S ,EXILE 7,COMMUNE ,ANTI-,P>LEY ,GAZETTE1 ,NO4 #f74 

,9 ADDITION TO ,! ,COMMUNE EXPOSURES1 ,! ,C\NCIL 7#a#i#c#b-#c#c7 EXPOS$ ! ,C4,P4 AG5TS PROVOCATEUR4 ,?IS EXPOSURE WAS DEVELOP$ FUR!R 9 ,! ,NEW ,SPUR4 ,!SE EXPOSURES \<T TO BE PUBLI%$ AS A SEP>ATE BOOKLET4 ,RIT*IE'S ACTIVITY AS A ,LABOR ,C\NCILOR WAS EXPOS$ 9 ,! ,UNIT$ ,SOCIALI/1 ,OCTOB]1 #a#i#c#d4 ,MORE REC5TLY HE HAS BE5 IMPRISON$ & REMOV$ FROM (FICE = CORRUPTION4 

O ,APP5DIX #i 3 ,! ,C\NCIL 

,! ,C\NCIL WAS MY FIF? PAP]4 ,! FIR/ NUMB] WAS ISSU$ 9 ,OCTOB]1 #a#i#c#a1 & ! LA/ 9 ,MAY1 #a#i#c#c4 ,EXPLA9+ ITS PURPOSE 9 ! FIR/ ISSUE1 ,I DECL>$ 3 -- 

,IT 70 ,! ,C\NCIL 07 APPLIES ! ,ANTI-,P>LIAM5T>IAN PR9CIPLES & VISION WE PROMOT$ 9 ! 0 ,H]ALD ( ,REVOLT 0 7#a#i#a-#a#d7 & 0 ,SPUR 0 7#a#i#a#d-#b#a74 ,IT CONCLUDES ! EXPOSURES ( ,P>LIAM5T>ISM & RE=MISM ( ! 0 ,COMMUNE 0 7#a#i#b#c-#b#i7 ) A DEF9ITE PROGRAM ( WORK+-CLASS UNITY & ACTION4444 

,\R AIM & ME?OD ( PROPAG&A WILL 9CLUDE ! FOLL[+ PO9TS ( ADVOCACY3 

7#a7 ,M,E,E,T,+,S4- ,WE %ALL ANN\NCE ,F,R,E,E ALL MEET+S ( EV]Y ORGANIZATION AFFILIAT$ TO ! ,GLASG[ ,C\NCIL ( ,ACTION4 ,9 ! EV5T ( DISPUTES >IS+ AB\T MEET+ PLACES BETWE5 V>I\S ORGANIZATIONS1 WE %ALL BE GUID$ BY PRIOR CLAIMS4 ,WE %ALL ALSO REF] ! MATT] TO ! ,C\NCIL = DECISION4 ,WE HOLD DECISIONS ( ! ,C\NCIL AS TO ! ALLOCATION ( SITES %\LD BE B9D+ ON ALL ORGANIZATIONS AFFILIAT$ TO ! ,C\NCIL4 ,WE HOLD ?AT ,N,O ORGANIZATION AFFILIAT$ TO ! ,C\NCIL %\LD HOLD MEET+S AGA9/ ANO!R AFFILIAT$ ORGANIZATION4 

7#b7 ,A,G,5,D,A4- ,WE %ALL PRESS = REGUL> MEET+S ( ! ,C\NCIL ( ,ACTION1 ) AN AG5DA TO BE S5T R\ND TO ALL AFFILIAT$ ORGANIZATIONS1 & MADE PUBLIC4 ,! PUBLIC %\LD BE ADMITT$ TO ! MEET+S ( ! ,C\NCIL4 

7#c7 ,A,L,L-,9 ,C,\,N,C,I,L4- ,WE %ALL AIM AT BUILD+ UP ! ,ANTI-,P>LIAM5T>Y MOVEM5T4 ,BUT WE %ALL URGE ALSO ORGANIZATION 9 ANY ( ! ORGANIZATIONS AFFILIAT$ TO ! ,C\NCIL ( ,ACTION1 ACCORD+ TO 9DIVIDUAL BIAS4 ,WE WANT EV]Y ADULT WORK]1 IRRESPECTIVE ( CRE$ OR SEX1 TO BE ASSOCIAT$ 9 ! ,C\NCIL ( ,ACTION ?R\< ! M$IUM ( SOME WORK+-CLASS ORGANIZATION4 

,WE >E PREP>$ TO SPEAK1 9 ! 9T]E/S ( ! ,C\NCIL ( ,ACTION1 ON ! PLAT=M ( ANY AFFILIAT$ ORGANIZATION4 ,WE %ALL BE LOYAL TO ! DECISIONS ( ! ,C\NCIL4 ,WE %ALL WORK = ?IS EXPRESSION ( 9DU/RIAL SOCIAL DEMOCRACY4 

,9 O!R WORDS1 WE AIM$ TO E/ABLI% A LIV+ SOCIAL ORGANIZATION ?R\<\T ! C\NTRY ( PROLET>IAN DEMOCRACY4 

O ,APP5DIX #a 3 ,/AL9-,HITL] ,PACT 

,ON ,AUGU/ #b#c1 #a#i#c#i1 ,RIBB5TROP1 ! ,G]MAN ,=EIGN ,M9I/]1 SIGN$1 9 ,MOSC[1 A ,PACT ( ,FRI5D%IP1 FREE+ ,G]MANY FROM ALL FE> ( ATTACK BY ,RUSSIA4 ,! PACT WAS BROK51 )\T W>N+1 AT DAWN1 ON ,SATURDAY1 ,JUNE #b#b1 #a#i#d#a1 :5 ,HITL] ,9VAD$ ! ,SOVIET ,UNION1 )\T TR\BL+ TO MAKE A =MAL DECL>ATION ( W>4 ,/AL9 FAI?FULLY KEPT ! PACT TO ?AT DATE4 ,! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY ( ,GREAT ,BRITA9 & ALSO ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY ( ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES & ! O!R ,5GLI% SPEAK+ NATIONS 9SI/$ ON ,PEACE ,CONV5TIONS4 ,AFT] ! ,HITL] 9VASION ( ! ,SOVIET ,UNION1 !SE P>TIES1 UND] ,MOSC[ DIRECTION1 D5\NC$ ,FASCISM & ,PACIFISM1 & DEM&$ ,SECOND ,FRONTS1 ETC4 ,9 MY VIEW1 !IR PATRIOTISM WAS LIKE !IR =M] PACIFISM1 9S9C]E & DICTAT$4 

O ,APP5DIX #aa 3 ,COM9T]N ,CONCLUDES 

,! ,MOSC[ ANN\NCEM5T1 ABOLI%+ ! ,COMMUNI/ ,9T]NATIONAL1 WAS MADE ON ,SATURDAY1 ,MAY #b#b1 #a#i#d#c4 ,NATURALLY ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TIES 9 ,BRITA9 & ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES W]E NOT CONSULT$1 BUT !Y W5T ?R\< ! F>CE LAT] ( AGREE+ TO !IR [N DISSOLUTION4 ,?IS PAMPHLET WAS PR9T$ AT ! TIME & ITS TONE C\LD NOT HE ALT]$4 ,! ,MOSC[ ANN\NCEM5T JU/IFIES ! 5TIRE POLEMIC ( ?IS PAMPHLET & MY CONSI/5T OPPOSITION TO ! ,?IRD ,9T]NATIONAL1 9 ! NAME ( ,COMMUNISM4 ,IT GIVES PO9T TO ! CRITICISMS & COMM5TS ?AT ,I HAVE PUBLI%$ CONSI/5TLY S9CE #a#i#a#i4 ,!SE CAN BE COLLECT$ LAT] 9 SEP>ATE PAMPHLET =M4 

,:5 REPR9T$1 ?IS PAMPHLET WILL NE$ TO BE ALT]$1 TO ! EXT5T ?AT ITS TEXT WILL BECOME HI/ORICAL4 ,ALSO1 ! ,COMMUNI/ ,9T]NATIONAL HAV+ BE5 RELEGAT$ TO ! ,MUSEUM ( ,CURIOSITIES & CRIM9AL ANTI-WORK+-CLASS RELICS1 MU* ( ! >GUM5T ADVANC$ IS NO LONG] NECESS>Y4 ,:AT WAS REASON+ CALL+ = CONSID]ATION & ACCEPTANCE IS N[ FACT ADMITT+ ( NO QUE/ION4 

,ANSW]+ ,WILLIAM ,GALLA<] 9 #a#i#b#a1 ,I TOLD HIM ?AT ,I HAD CALL$ MYSELF A ,COMMUNI/ S9CE #a#i#f1 :5 !RE WAS NO AX TO GR9D 9 US+ ?AT DESCRIPTION1 & :5 C>E]I/S NEV] ?\<T ( POS+ AS 0 ,COMMUNI/S40 ,I TOLD HIM ?AT ,I W\LD REMA9 A ,COMMUNI/ :5 HE HAD CEAS$ FROM BE+ ONE1 OR EV5 ASSUM+ TO BE ONE4 ,?AT PROPHECY HAS COME TRUE4 ,! CORRUPTIONI/ HAS COMPLET$ HIS EVOLUTION & TO-DAY WE HAVE ! ,COMMUNI/ ,9T]NATIONAL DE/ROY$ AFT] A RECORD ( WORK+-CLASS CRIME ?AT W\LD HAVE DISGRAC$ ! MO/ T]RORI/ ,FASCI/ ORGANIZATION 9 ! WORLD4 ,! ORGANIZ$ HYPOCRISY PASSES1 ! :ILE ,GALLA<]1 ,M4,P41 EULOGIZES ,W9/ON ,*UR*ILL AS ! HOPE ( ! COMMON PEOPLE ( ! WORLD4 ,GALLA<] REA*$ ?IS /AGE BY ! SIMPLE PROCESS ( POS+ AS ! CRITIC & EV5 SL&]] ( ,*UR*ILL DUR+ ! YE>S #a#i#b1 #aiba ONW>DS1 & OPPOS+ HIM AT ! FAM\S ,DUNDEE ELECTION4 

,! ,COM9T]N SACRIFIC$ ! ,SOCIAL ,REVOLUTION TO ! ,POLITICAL ,REVOLUTION4 ,IT SUB/ITUT$ ,M>X = ,BAKUN91 PSEUDO-,COMMUNISM = ,AN>*ISM1 & ,DICTATOR%IP.<8 -- WORD MISS+ 9 ORIG9AL.> & ,MILIT>ISM = ,DEMOCRACY & ,EQUITY4 ,AFT] MU* BLOOD & TE>S IT HAS GIV5 US ,M>%AL ,/AL9 9 PLACE ( ! ,CZ>4 ,WAS ! REVOLUTION WOR? :ILE8 ,! M\NTA9 ( REVOLUTION BR\<T =? A M\SE ( *ANGE4 ,& ! /RUGGLE />TS AGA94 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,APRIL #c1 #aice 3 ,COMMUNISM -- ,PUBLICATION4 
,SEPTEMB] #a1 #bba 3 ,COMMUNISM -- ,ADD$4 
,JANU>Y #i1 #bbb 3 ,COMMUNISM -- ,UPDAT$4 

 FILE G5]AT$ FROM 3  
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