,CORRESPOND5CE 7LETT] ,OPPOS+ ! ,AN>*I/S7 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,WILLIAM ,MORRIS 

,TEXT 3 

,S\RCE3 0,CORRESPOND5CE0 ,COMMONWEAL1 ,VOL #e1 ,NO4 #a#g#e1 #ah ,MAY #a#h#h#i1 P4#a#e#g2 
,TRANSCRIB$3 BY ,T$ ,CRAW=D4  

,9 ANSW] TO \R COMRADE ,BLACKWELL'S SUGGE/ION1 & 9 DEFAULT ( SOMEONE ELSE BEG9N+ ?AT FREE DISCUSSION HE SPEAKS (1 ,I WI% TO NOTE D[N A FEW ?\<TS SUGGE/$ BY READ+ ! CLAUSES ( ! ,AN>*I/ ,CONGRESS AT ,VAL5TIA1 AS /AT$ BY \R COMRADE2 PREMIS+ ?AT ,I DO SO 9 NO POLEMICAL SPIRIT1 BUT SIMPLY GIV+ MY [N ?\<TS & HOPES = ! FUTURE = :AT !Y MAY BE WOR?4 

,I WILL BEG9 BY SAY+ ?AT ,I CALL MYSELF A ,COMMUNI/1 & HAVE NO WI% TO QUALIFY ?AT WORD BY JO9+ ANY O!R TO IT4 ,! AIM ( ,COMMUNISM SEEMS TO ME TO BE ! COMPLETE EQUALITY ( CONDITION = ALL PEOPLE2 & ANY?+ 9 A ,SOCIALI/ DIRECTION :I* /OPS %ORT ( ?IS IS M]ELY A COMPROMISE ) ! PRES5T CONDITION ( SOCIETY1 A HALT+-PLACE ON ! ROAD TO ! GOAL4 ,?IS IS ! ONLY LOGICAL \TCOME ( ANY SOCIETY :I* IS O!R ?AN A CLOSE COMPANY SU/A9$ BY VIOL5CE = ! EXPRESS PURPOSE ( '! EXPLOITATION ( MAN BY MAN' 9 ! 9T]E/ ( ! /RONGE/4 ,\R PRES5T 'SOCIETY' DOM9AT$ BY CAPITALISM1 ! SOCIETY ( CONTRACT1 IS A =M ( ?IS CLASS-SOCIETY :I* HAS BE5 =C$ UPON ?OSE :O HOLD ! SLAVE IDEAL BY ! GR[? ( KN[L$GE & ! ACQUIREM5T BY MAN ( MA/]Y OV] ! =CES ( NATURE4 ,! HI/ORY ( 'SOCIETY' S9CE ! FALL ( FEUDALISM HAS BE5 ! GRADUAL FREE+ ( CLASS OR SLAVE SOCIETY FROM ! FETT]S ( SUP]/ITION1 SO ?AT IT MI<T DEVELOP NATURALLY )9 ITS PRESCRIB$ LIMITS ( 'EXPLOITATION ( MAN BY MAN'1 & ?AT /UP5D\S & M>VEL\SLY RAPID GR[? 9 P[] & RES\RCES ( MOD]N SLAVE SOCIETY IS DUE TO ?IS %AK+ (F ( SUP]/ITION4 

,COMMUNISM ALSO WILL HAVE TO KEEP ITSELF FREE ( SUP]/ITION4 ,ITS E?ICS WILL HAVE TO BE BAS$ ON ! RECOGNITION ( NATURAL CAUSE & EFFECT1 & NOT ON RULES D]IV$ FROM A PRIORI IDEAS ( ! RELATION ( MAN TO ! UNIV]SE OR SOME IMAG9$ RUL] ( IT2 & FROM !SE TWO ?+S1 ! EQUALITY ( CONDITION & ! RECOGNITION ( ! CAUSE & EFFECT ( MAT]IAL NATURE1 WILL GR[ ALL ,COMMUNI/IC LIFE4 ,SO F> ,I ?9K ,I CAN SEE CLE>LY2 BUT :5 ,I TRY TO PICTURE TO MYSELF ! =MS :I* ?AT LIFE WILL TAKE1 ,I CONFESS ,I AM AT FAULT1 & ,I ?9K WE MU/ ALL BE SO4 ,MO/ PEOPLE :O CAN BE SAID TO ?9K AT ALL >E N[ BEG9N+ TO SEE ?AT ! REALIZATION ( ,SOCIALISM IS C]TA92 AL?\< MANY CAN SEE NO?+ FUR!R ?AN A CRUDE & 9COMPLETE ,/ATE ,SOCIALISM1 :I* V]Y NATURALLY REPELS MANY FROM SOCIALISM ALTOGE!R4 ,ALL G5U9E ,SOCIALI/S ADMIT ?AT COMMUNISM IS ! NECESS>Y DEVELOPM5T ( ,SOCIALISM2 BUT ,I REPEAT1 FUR!R ?AN ?IS ALL MU/ BE SPECULATIVE2 & SURELY 9 SPECULAT+ ON ! FUTURE ( SOCIETY WE %\LD TRY TO %AKE \RSELVES CLE> ( M]E PHRASES2 ESPECIALLY AS MANY ( !M WILL CEASE TO HAVE A MEAN+ :5 ! *ANGE COMES ?AT WE ALL ( US LONG =4 ,& H]E ,I JO9 ISSUE ) \R ,AN>*I/-,COMMUNI/ FRI5DS1 :O >E SOME:AT AU?ORITATIVE ON ! MATT] ( AU?ORITY1 & NOT A LITTLE VAGUE ALSO4 ,= IF FRE$OM FROM AU?ORITY MEANS ! ASS]TION ( ! ADVISABILITY OR POSSIBILITY ( AN 9DIVIDUAL MAN DO+ :AT HE PLEASES ALWAYS & UND] ALL CIRCUM/ANCES1 ?IS IS AN ABSOLUTE NEGATION ( SOCIETY1 & MAKES ,COMMUNISM AS ! HI<E/ EXPRESSION ( SOCIETY IMPOSSIBLE2 & :5 Y\ BEG9 TO QUALIFY ?IS ASS]TION ( ! RI<T TO DO AS Y\ PLEASE BY ADD+ 'AS LONG AS Y\ DON'T 9T]F]E ) O!R PEOPLE'S RI<TS TO DO ! SAME'1 ! EX]CISE ( SOME K9D ( AU?ORITY BECOMES NECESS>Y4 ,IF 9DIVIDUALS >E NOT TO CO]CE O!RS1 !RE MU/ SOME:]E BE AN AU?ORITY :I* IS PREP>$ TO CO]CE !M NOT TO CO]CE2 & ?AT AU?ORITY MU/ CLE>LY BE COLLECTIVE4 ,& !RE >E O!R DIFFICULTIES BESIDES ?IS CRUDE/ & MO/ OBVI\S ONE4 

,! BOND ( ,COMMUNI/IC SOCIETY WILL BE VOLUNT>Y 9 ! S5SE ?AT ALL PEOPLE WILL AGREE 9 ITS BROAD PR9CIPLES :5 IT IS FAIRLY E/ABLI%$1 & WILL TRU/ TO IT AS AF=D+ MANK9D ! BE/ K9D ( LIFE POSSIBLE4 ,BUT :ILE WE >E ADVOCAT+ EQUALITY ( CONDITION -- IE41 DUE OPPORTUNITY FREE TO EV]YONE = ! SATISFACTION ( HIS NE$S -- DO NOT LET US =GET ! NECESS>Y 7& B5EFIC5T7 V>IETY ( TEMP]AM5T1 CAPACITY1 & DESIRES :I* EXI/S AMONG M5 AB\T EV]Y?+ \TSIDE ! REGION ( ! M]E/ NECESS>IES2 & ?\< MANY1 OR IF Y\ WILL1 MO/ ( !SE DIFF]5T DESIRES C\LD BE SATISFI$ )\T ! 9DIVIDUAL CLA%+ ) COLLECTIVE SOCIETY1 SOME ( !M C\LD NOT BE4 ,ANY COMMUNITY CONCEIVABLE WILL SOMETIMES DET]M9E ON COLLECTIVE ACTION :I*1 )\T BE+ 9 ITSELF IMMORAL OR OPPRESSIVE1 W\LD GIVE PA9 TO SOME ( ITS MEMB]S2 & :AT IS TO BE DONE !N IF IT HAPP5S TO BE A PIECE ( BUS9ESS :I* MU/ BE EI!R DONE OR LEFT ALONE8 W\LD ! SMALL M9ORITY HAVE TO GIVE WAY OR ! L>GE MAJORITY8 ,A CONCRETE EXAMPLE WILL BE ( USE H]E1 ESPECIALLY AS IT AFFECTS MY TEMP]AM5T4 ,I HAVE ALWAYS BELIEV$ ?AT ! REALIZATION ( ,SOCIALISM W\LD GIVE US AN OPPORTUNITY ( ESCAP+ FROM ?AT GRIEV\S FLOOD ( UTILIT>IANISM :I* ! FULL DEVELOPM5T ( ! SOCIETY ( CONTRACT HAS CURS$ US )2 BUT ?AT W\LD BE 9 ! LONG RUN ONLY2 & ,I ?9K IT QUITE PROBABLE ?AT 9 ! E>LY DAYS ( ,SOCIALISM ! REFLEX ( ! T]ROR ( />VATION1 :I* SO OPPRESSES US N[1 W\LD DRIVE US 9TO EXCESSES ( UTILIT>IANISM4 ,9DE$1 !RE IS A S*OOL ( ,SOCIALI/S N[ EXTANT :O WOR%IP UTILIT>IANISM ) A F]VOR ( FATUITY :I* IS P]HAPS A NATURAL CONSEQU5CE ( !IR ASSUMPTION ( PRACTICALITY4 ,SO ?AT IT IS NOT UNLIKELY ?AT ! PUBLIC OP9ION ( A COMMUNITY W\LD BE 9 FAVOR ( CUTT+ D[N ALL ! TIMB] 9 ,5GL&1 & TURN+ ! C\NTRY 9TO A BIG ,BONANZA F>M OR A M>KET-G>D5 UND] GLASS4 ,& 9 SU* A CASE :AT C\LD WE DO1 :O OBJECT$ '= ! SAKE ( LIFE TO CA/ AWAY ! REASONS = LIV+'1 :5 WE HAD EXHAU/$ \R P[]S ( >GUM5T8 ,CLE>LY WE %\LD HAVE TO SUBMIT TO AU?ORITY4 ,& A LITTLE REFLECTION WILL %[ US MANY SU* CASES 9 :I* ! COLLECTIVE AU?ORITY WILL WEI< D[N 9DIVIDUAL OPPOSITION1 H[EV] REASONABLE1 )\T A HOPE = ITS BE+ ABLE TO ASS]T ITSELF IMM$IATELY2 9 SU* MATT]S !RE MU/ BE GIVE & TAKE3 & ! OBJECTORS W\LD HAVE TO GIVE UP ! LESS] = ! GREAT]4 ,9 %ORT1 EXP]I5CE %[S US ?AT :]EV] A DOZ5 ?\<TFUL M5 %ALL MEET TOGE!R !RE WILL BE TWELVE DIFF]5T OP9IONS ON ANY SUBJECT :I* IS NOT A DRY MATT] ( FACT 7& (T5 ON ?AT TOO72 & IF ?OSE TWELVE M5 WANT TO ACT TOGE!R1 !RE MU/ BE GIVE & TAKE BETWE5 !M1 & !Y MU/ AGREE ON SOME COMMON RULE ( CONDUCT TO ACT AS A BOND BETWE5 !M1 OR LEAVE !IR BUS9ESS UNDONE4 ,& :AT IS ?IS COMMON BOND BUT AU?ORITY -- ?AT IS1 ! CONSCI5CE ( ! ASSOCIATION VOLUNT>ILY ACCEPT$ 9 ! FIR/ 9/ANCE4 

,FUR!RMORE1 :5 WE TALK ( ! FRE$OM ( ! 9DIVIDUAL MAN1 WE MU/ NOT =GET ?AT EV]Y MAN IS A V]Y COMPLEX ANIMAL1 MADE UP ( MANY DIFF]5T MOODS & IMPULSES2 NO MAN IS ALWAYS WISE1 OR WISE 9 ALL RESPECTS4 ,PHILIP SOB] NE$S PROTECTION AGA9/ ,PHILIP DRUNK1 OR HE MAY *ANCE TO WAKE UP FROM HIS BOOZE 9 A NICE MESS4 ,SURELY WE ALL ( US FEEL ?AT !RE IS A RASCAL OR TWO 9 EA* ( \R SK9S BESIDES ! O!R OR TWO :O WANT TO LEAD MANLY & HONORABLE LIVES1 & DO WE NOT WANT SOME?+ TO APPEAL TO ON BEHALF ( ?OSE BETT] SELVES ( \RS8 & ?AT SOME?+ IS MADE UP ( ! ASPIRATIONS ( \R BETT] SELVES1 & IS ! MORAL CONSCI5CE )\T :I* !RE CAN BE NO TRUE SOCIETY1 & :I* EV5 A FALSE SOCIETY IS =C$ TO IMITATE1 & SO HAVE A %AM SOCIAL CONSCI5CE1 -- :AT WE SOMETIMES CALL HYPOCRISY4 

,N[ ,I DON'T WANT TO BE MISUND]/OOD4 ,I AM NOT PLEAD+ = ANY =M ( >BITR>Y OR UNREASONABLE AU?ORITY1 BUT = A PUBLIC CONSCI5CE AS A RULE ( ACTION3 & BY ALL MEANS LET US HAVE ! LEA/ POSSIBLE EX]CISE ( AU?ORITY4 ,I SUSPECT ?AT MANY ( \R ,COMMUNI/-,AN>*I/ FRI5DS DO REALLY MEAN ?AT1 :5 !Y PRON\NCE AGA9/ ALL AU?ORITY4 ,& ) EQUALITY ( CONDITION ASSUR$ = ALL M51 & \R E?ICS BAS$ ON REASON1 ,I CANNOT ?9K ?AT WE NE$ FE> ! GR[? ( A NEW AU?ORITY TAK+ ! PLACE ( ! ONE :I* WE %\LD HAVE DE/ROY$1 & :I* WE MU/ REMEMB] IS BAS$ ON ! ASSUMPTION ?AT EQUALITY IS IMPOSSIBLE & ?AT SLAV]Y IS AN ESS5TIAL CONDITION ( HUMAN SOCIETY4 ,BY ! TIME ?AT IS ASSUM$ ?AT ALL M5'S NE$S MU/ BE SATISFI$ ACCORD+ ! MEASURE ( ! COMMON WEAL?1 :AT MAY BE CALL$ ! POLITICAL SIDE ( ! QUE/ION W\LD TAKE C>E ( ITSELF4 

,FROM 3 ,M>XI/S4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,FEBRU>Y #b#d1 #bba 3 ,CORRESPOND5CE 7LETT] ,OPPOS+ ! ,AN>*I/S7 -- ,ADD$4 
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