,*APT] #d 
,CA/ROISM & ,CONFRONTATION 7#a#i#e#i-#a#i#f#a7 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,FRANK ,F]N&EZ 

,TEXT 3 

,*APT] #d3 ,CA/ROISM & ,CONFRONTATION 7#a#i#e#i-#a#i#f#a7 

  

,CUBA'S AN>*I/S HAD ACTIVELY P>TICIPAT$ 9 ! /RUGGLE AGA9/ ! ,BATI/A DICTATOR%IP4 ,SOME HAD F\<T AS GU]RILLAS 9 ! EA/]N M\NTA9S & 9 ?OSE ( ,ESCAMBRAY 9 ! C5T] ( ! ISL&2 O!RS HAD TAK5 P>T 9 ! URBAN /RUGGLE4 ,!IR PURPOSES W]E ! SAME AS ?OSE ( ! MAJORITY ( ! ,CUBAN PEOPLE3 TO \/ ! MILIT>Y DICTATOR%IP & TO 5D POLITICAL CORRUPTION4 ,9 ADDITION TO CONSID]+ !SE 5DS DESIRABLE 9 & ( !MSELVES1 ! AN>*I/S BELIEV$ !Y W\LD PROVIDE A WID] SPACE 9 :I* TO WORK 9 ! IDEOLOGICAL1 SOCIAL1 & LABOR FIELDS4 ,NO ONE EXPECT$ A RADICAL *ANGE 9 ! SOCIOECONOMIC /RUCTURE ( ! C\NTRY4 

,! PREVI\SLY M5TION$ #aief PAMPHLET1 ,PROYECCIONES ,LIB]T>IAS1 :I* ATTACK$ ,BATI/A1 ALSO *>ACT]IZ$ ,CA/RO AS SOMEONE :O M]IT$ 0NO CONFID5CE :ATSOEV]10 BECAUSE 0HE .<DIDN'T.> RESPECT PROMISES & ONLY F\<T = P[]40 ,IT WAS = ?IS REASON ?AT ! AN>*I/S E/ABLI%$ FREQU5T CL&E/9E CONTACTS ) O!R REVOLUTION>Y GR\PS1 ESPECIALLY ! ,DIRECTORIO ,REVOLUCION>IO1 AL?\< !RE W]E ALSO CONTACTS ) LIB]T>IAN ELEM5TS SU* AS ,GILB]TO ,LIMA )9 ,M#b#f,J4 ,MANY ( !SE MEET+S W]E HELD SECRETLY AT ! ,A,L,C (FICES AT ,CALLE ,JESUS ,M>IA #ac = ! PURPOSES ( COORD9ATION ( SABOTAGE ACTIVITIES & ( FACILITAT+ ! DI/RIBUTION ( OPPOSITION PROPAG&A4 

,UPON ! TRIUMPH ( ! REVOLUTION1 ,CA/RO HAD BECOME ! 9DISPUTABLE LEAD] ( ! REVOLUTION>Y PROCESS1 L>GELY AS A RESULT ( AN 9CORRECT EVALUATION BY ,BATI/A'S POLITICAL OPPOSITION1 :I* REG>D$ ,CA/RO AS A NECESS>Y1 TEMPOR>Y1 & CONTROLLABLE EVIL4 

,IF ! LIB]T>IANS W]E UNEASY AB\T ,CA/RO1 ! RE/ ( ! POLITICAL OPPOSITION1 ! ,CUBAN CAPITALI/ ELITE1 & ! ,U4,S4 EMBASSY EXPECT$ TO MANIPULATE HIM4 ,= !IR P>T1 ! MAJORITY ( ! ,CUBAN PEOPLE SUPPORT$ ,CA/RO )\T RES]VE 9 ! MID/ ( UNPREC$5T$ JUBILATION4 ,IT APPE>$ TO !M ?AT !Y W]E AT ! PORTAL ( P>ADISE1 :5 9 REALITY IT WAS ! ANTE*AMB] ( ! 9F]NO4 

,DUE TO ! APP>5T REFUSAL ( ,CA/RO TO LEAD1 A 0REVOLUTION>Y GOV]NM5T0 WAS CREAT$ ) HIS SUPPORT1 ! PURPOSE ( :I* WAS TO 0SETTLE ACC\NTS0 ) ! CRIM9ALS ( ! =M] GOV]NM5T4 0,REVOLUTION>Y ,TRIBUNALS0 W]E E/ABLI%$ :I* ISSU$ SUMM>Y JUDGM5TS 9 RESPONSE TO 0POPUL> DEM&40 ,!SE TRIBUNALS H&$ D[N L5G?Y PRISON T]MS & DEA? S5T5CES1 ?US REE/ABLI%+ ! DEA? P5ALTY 7:I* HAD BE5 ABOLI%$ BY ! ,CON/ITUTION ( #a#i#d71 BUT ?IS TIME = POLITICAL CRIMES4 

,! LEAD]S ( ! NEW REVOLUTION>Y GOV]NM5T UND]/OOD ! IMPORTANCE ( ! ,CUBAN WORK+ CLASS1 :I* WAS SIMULTANE\SLY ORGANIZ$ UND] & MADE SUP]FLU\S BY ! POLITICAL GR\PS & RE=MI/S :O CONTROLL$ ! ,C,T,C4 ,!Y HAD LE>N$ ?IS LESSON ?R\< ONE NOTABLE FAILURE4 ,9 ,APRIL #a#i#e#h1 ,M#b#f,J HAD ORD]$ A G5]AL /RIKE 9 ,HAVANA1 BUT IT WAS BADLY ORGANIZ$1 & ! COORD9ATION ) O!R REVOLUTION>Y GR\PS WAS ALSO BAD4 ,AS A RESULT1 ! /RIKE R\NDLY FAIL$1 :I* S]V$ TO DEMON/RATE ?AT ,M#b#f,J HAD ESS5TIALLY NO BASE 9 ! UNIONS OR AMONG ! WORK+ CLASS4 

,GIV5 ?IS EXP]I5CE1 UPON TAK+ P[] ONE ( ! FIR/ GOALS ( ,CA/RO'S 0REVOLUTION>Y0 GOV]NM5T WAS TAK+ CONTROL ( ! ,C,T,C 7:I* !Y QUICKLY R5AM$ ! ,C,T,C,R -- ,C,T,C ,REVOLUCION>IA74 

,9 ! FIR/ DAYS ( ,JANU>Y #aiei -- US+ ! EXCUSE ( PURG+ ! ,C,T,C ( COLLABORATORS ) ! OLD REGIME -- ! NEW GOV]NM5T >BITR>ILY EXPELL$ ALL ( ! LEAD+ AN>*OSYNDICALI/S FROM ! GA/RONOMIC1 TRANSPORT1 CON/RUCTION1 ELECTRICAL UTILITY1 & O!R UNIONS ( ! CONF$]ATION4 ,SOME ( !SE 9DIVIDUALS HAD ACTIVELY OPPOS$ ! DICTATOR%IP1 & O!RS HAD SUFF]$ PRISON & EXILE4 ,?REE \T/&+ LIB]T>IAN MILITANTS :O FELL VICTIM TO ?IS PURGE W]E ,SANTIAGO ,COBO1 FROM ! TRANSPORT WORK]S' UNION1 ,CA/O ,MOSCU1 FROM ! GA/RONOMIC WORK]S' UNION1 & ,ABEL>DO ,IGLESIAS1 FROM ! CON/RUCTION WORK]S' UNION4 ,9 ALL ?REE CASES RANK-&-FILE FELL[ WORK]S CAME =W>D TO DEF5D !M2 IF !Y HADN'T DONE ?IS1 ,COBO1 ,MOSCU1 & ,IGLESIAS W\LD HAVE 5D$ UP 9 PRISON4 ,?IS PURGE GRAVELY AFFECT$ ! ALREADY WEAK5$ LIB]T>IANS1 EV5 ?\< ! AN>*OSYNDICALI/ MOVEM5T RETA9$ ITS PRE/IGE AMONG ! ,CUBAN PROLET>IAT4 

,BUT ! PURGE WAS NOT COMPREH5SIVE4 ,! NEW REGIME C\LDN'T ELIM9ATE :OLESALE ! MANY UNION LEAD]S :O HAD REMA9$ NEUTRAL 9 ! CONFLICT BETWE5 ,CA/RO & ,BATI/A4 ,!RE /ILL REMA9$ )9 ! ,C,T,C,R LEAD]S :O HAD ! BACK+ ( ,CUBA'S WORK]S1 & O!RS :O HAD BE5 =C$ TO GO 9TO EXILE UND] ,BATI/A'S DICTATOR%IP4 

,DESPITE ! PURGE1 ! LIB]T>IAN PUBLICATIONS ,SOLID>IDAD ,GA/RONOMICA & ,EL ,LIB]T>IO 9ITIALLY ADOPT$ A FAVORABLE1 BUT CAUTI\S & EXPECTANT1 ATTITUDE T[>D ! NEW REVOLUTION>Y GOV]NM5T4 ,H[EV]1 ! NATIONAL C\NCIL ( ! ,A,L,C ISSU$ A MANIFE/O 9 :I* IT 0EXP\ND$ ON 444 & PASS$ JUDGM5T ON ! TRIUMPHANT ,CUBAN REVOLUTION40 ,AFT] EXPLA9+ ! LIB]T>IAN OPPOSITION TO ! PA/ DICTATOR%IP1 ! MANIFE/O ANALYZ$ ! PRES5T & NE> FUTURE1 DECL>+ ?AT ! 0REVOLUTION>Y0 9/ITUTIONAL *ANGES DID NOT M]IT 5?USIASM1 & ?AT ONE %\LD HAVE NO ILLUSIONS AB\T !M4 ,IT /AT$1 ) A C]TA9 IRONY1 ?AT ITS AU?ORS W]E 0SURE ?AT = SOME TIME AT LEA/ WE'LL 5JOY PUBLIC LIB]TIES SUFFICI5T TO GU>ANTEE ! OPPORTUNITY ( PUBLI%+ PROPAG&A40 ,IT W5T ON ) A WELL-AIM$ ATTACK AGA9/ 0/ATE C5TRALISM10 SAY+ ?AT IT W\LD LEAD TO AN 0AU?ORIT>IAN ORD]10 & IT !N MADE REF]5CE TO ! P5ETRATION ( ! ,CA?OLIC ,*UR* & ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY 9 ! 0REVOLUTION>Y0 PROCESS4 ,IT CONCLUD$ ) A REF]5CE TO ! WORK]S' MOVEM5T1 :]E IT NOT$ ! EMPHASIS ( ! ,P,C,C ON 0RECLAIM+ ! HEGEMONY :I* 444 IT 5JOY$ DUR+ ! O!R ]A ( ,BATI/A'S DOM9ATION10 EV5 ?\< IT PR$ICT$ ?AT ?IS W\LD NOT OCCUR4 ,! MANIFE/O 5D$ ON A NOTE ( OPTIMISM3 0,! PANORAMA1 DESPITE ALL1 IS 5C\RAG+40 

,= ITS P>T1 & TAK+ A SIMIL> TACK1 ,SOLID>IDAD ,GA/RONOMICA ON ,FEBRU>Y #a#e1 #aiei PUBLI%$ ANO!R MANIFE/O TO ,CUBA'S WORK]S & ! PEOPLE 9 G5]AL 9 :I* IT W>N$ ?AT A REVOLUTION>Y GOV]NM5T WAS AN IMPOSSIBILITY1 & ?AT 0.<9 ORD].> ?AT RI<TS & LIB]TIES >E RESPECT$ & EX]CIS$ 444 IT'S NECESS>Y ?AT UNION ELECTIONS BE CALL$ 444 & ?AT .<WORK]S'.> ASSEMBLIES BEG9 TO FUNCTION40 ,IT LAT] NOT$ ?AT ! DECISION ( RELIEV+ PA/ (FIC]S ( !IR DUTIES 0MU/ ABSOLUTELY BE ?AT ( ! WORK]S !MSELVES 444 S9CE TO DO ?IS 9 ANY O!R WAY W\LD BE TO FALL 9TO ! PROC$URES ( ! PA/ 444 ,WE'LL COMBAT ?IS40 ,UN=TUNATELY1 ?IS MANIFE/O DIDN'T RESONATE 9 ! ,CUBAN WORK+ CLASS4 

,9 ITS ,M>* #a#e1 #aiei ISSUE1 ,SOLID>IDAD ,GA/RONOMICA BITT]LY CONDEMN$ 0! DICTATORIAL PROCE$+S .<( ! ,C,T,C,R.> 444 AGREEM5TS & M&ATES H&$ D[N FROM ! TOP ?AT IMPOSE MEASURES1 DISMISS & 9/ALL .<UNION.> DIRECTORS40 ,! PAP] ALSO ACCUS$ 0ELEM5TS 444 9 ! ASSEMBLIES :O >E NOT MEMB]S ( ! UNIONS0 ( 0RAIS+ !IR >MS 9 FAVOR ( ORD]S ( ! .<NEW.> DIRECTORS40 ,AMONG O!R ABNORMALITIES IT CIT$ ! FOLL[+3 0,ON OCCASIONS ! ASSEMBLY HALLS HAVE BE5 FILL$ ) >M$ MILITIA M51 :I* CON/ITUTES A BLATANT =M ( CO]CION & LACK ( RESPECT = REGULATORY PRECEPTS10 & :I* %[S ?AT ! M>XI/S 0WILL RESORT TO ANY TYPE ( PROCE$+ TO MA9TA9 !IR CONTROL ( ! UNIONS40 ,AS IS OBVI\S 9 H9DSI<T1 ! BATTLE TO LIB]ATE ! UNIONS WAS LO/ DESPITE ! D5UNCIATIONS ( ! AN>*OSYNDICALI/S4 

,! OPPOSITION TO AN>*OSYNDICALISM EMANAT$ DIRECTLY FROM ,M#b#f,J & WAS 9/IGAT$ BY ! ,P,C,C ELEM5TS :I* HAD 9FILTRAT$ IT & HAD 9 AN ALMO/ MILIT>Y MANN] QUICKLY TAK5 CONTROL ( ALL ( ! UNIONS ON ! ISL&4 ,!Y SAID ?AT !Y HAD DONE ?IS AS A TEMPOR>Y MEASURE 9 ORD] TO PURGE ! CORRUPT ELEM5TS LEFT 9 ! UNIONS FROM ! ,BATI/A DICTATOR%IP1 & ?AT !IR DOM9ATION W\LD LA/ ONLY UNTIL !RE W]E NEW UNION ELECTIONS4 ,BUT AS HAS SO (T5 BE5 ! CASE 9 ,CUBA1 ! 0TEMPOR>Y0 BECAME P]MAN5T4 

,BUT :]E DID ! ,M#b#f,J ELEM5TS :O TOOK OV] ! UNIONS COME FROM8 ,IT WAS WELL KN[N ?AT ,M#b#f,J HAD NEV] HAD A REAL BASE 9 ! UNIONS1 HAD NOT HAD EV5 ! G5]AL SYMPA?Y ( ! WORK]S1 & DIDN'T HAVE WORK+ CLASS LEAD]%IP4 

,! 0REVOLUTION>Y0 UNION DIRECTORS CAME 9 A MAJORITY ( CASES FROM TWO ANTAGONI/IC CAMPS4 ,ONE CAMP WAS ! SYNDICALI/ ,COMISIONES ,OBR]AS 7! RE=MI/ ,WORK]S' ,COMMISSIONS71 :I* TI$ ITSELF TO ELECTORAL POLITICS & :OSE MEMB]S HAD BE5 5EMIES ( ! ,BATI/A REGIME2 ! ,COMISIONES ,OBR]AS BELONG$ TO ! ,P>TIDO DEL ,PUEBLO ,ORTODOXO & TO ! ,P>TIDO ,REVOLUCION>IO ,CUBANO ,AUT5TICO4 ,! ,COMISIONES HAD BE5 F\ND$ 9 ! LATE #a#i#dS1 & BO? P>TIES HAD BE5 WELL KN[N FROM ! F\ND+ ( ! ,C,T,C 9 #a#i#c#i4 ,!Y %>$ A VISC]AL & PR(\ND ANTI-,COMMUNISM4 ,! O!R CAMP WAS ! ,P,C,C4 ,! =M] 5GAG$ 9 CYNICAL OPPORTUNISM & L5T ITSELF TO ANY TYPE ( /ATE MANIPULATION4 ,! LATT] WAS EXTREMELY DANG]\S1 & DESPITE ITS MUDDY PA/ RECEIV$ EV5 9 ! V]Y E>LY /AGES (FICIAL SUPPORT FROM ! HI<E/ LEVELS ( GOV]NM5T4 ,BO? SIDES HAT$ ! O!R1 & !Y W]E PREP>+ = AN OP5 /RUGGLE = HEGEMONY 9 ! PROLET>IAN SECTOR2 BUT 9/EAD1 AS WE'LL SEE LAT]1 ?IS :OLE AFFAIR 5D$ 9 AN AMALGAMATION DISA/R\S TO ! ,CUBAN WORK]S' MOVEM5T4 

,BY ,JULY #a#i#e#i1 ! ,CUBAN /ATE WAS TOTALLY 9 ! H&S ( ,CA/RO & HIS CLOSE ADVIS]S1 ALMO/ ALL ( :OM HAD COME DIRECTLY FROM ! >M$ /RUGGLE AGA9/ ,BATI/A4 ,! PRES5CE ( ! ,P,C,C WAS ALREADY NOTABLE AMONG ! LEAD+ GOV]NM5T FIGURES1 NOTABLY 9 ,FIDEL'S BRO!R ,RAUL & 9 ,]NE/O ,GUEV>A1 BO? ( :OM W]E OP5LY M>XI/-L59I/4 ,SU* A GL>+ FACT PROVOK$ A REACTION 9 ,CUBA'S POLITICAL CLIMATE1 :I* HAD BE5 *>ACT]IZ$ BY ANTI-,COMMUNISM4 ,! AN>*I/S HAD NOT$ ! 9FLU5CE ( ! ,P,C,C & W]E GREATLY AL>M$1 BECAUSE !Y UND]/OOD ?AT ! ,P,C,C'S 9FLU5CE 9 ! GOV]NM5TAL & UNION SPH]ES W\LD LEAD TO A MORTAL BL[ TO BO? AN>*ISM & WORK]S' AUTONOMY SOON] OR LAT]4 ,!IR NI<TM>ES W\LD %ORTLY BECOME REALITY4 ,= HIS P>T1 ,CA/RO PUBLICLY DECL>$ ?AT HE HAD NO RELATION%IP ) ! ,P,C,C1 BUT ?AT HE HAD ,COMMUNI/S 9 HIS GOV]NM5T1 JU/ AS HE HAD ANTI-,COMMUNI/S 9 IT4 

,! SITUATION ( !SE LA/ TURN$ CRITICAL 9 ! F9AL DAYS ( #a#i#e#i4 ,HALFWAY ?R\< ! YE> ! POLITICAL ADV]S>IES ( ,CA/RO HAD ALREADY BEGUN TO TAKE NOTE ( ! GR[+ ,P,C,C 9FLU5CE1 & BEGAN A TIMID OPPOSITION CAMPAIGN -- :I* !Y UND]/OOD AS !IR RI<T & DUTY -- AGA9/ :AT !Y CALL$ 0! ,COMMUNI/ 9FILTRATION ( ! GOV]NM5T40 ,! RESPONSE WAS DRACONIAN4 ,!Y W]E LABEL$ S$ITI\S 05EMIES ( ! REVOLUTION0 & 0AG5TS ( ,YANKEE IMP]IALISM40 ,TREAT$ AS SU*1 !Y W]E JAIL$ OR =C$ 9TO EXILE4 

,! FIR/ VICTIM ( ?IS ,MA*IAVELLIAN MANEUV]+ WAS ,MANUEL ,URRUTIA4 ,URRUTIA1 A =M] JUDGE 9 ,SANTIAGO DE ,CUBA1 & AN ,M#b#f,J SYMPA?IZ] & ANTI-,COMMUNI/1 WAS NAM$ BY ,M#b#f,J AS DE FACTO PRESID5T ( ! REVOLUTION>Y GOV]NM5T FOLL[+ ,BATI/A'S OV]?R[4 ,PRESS$ BY ! M9I/]S 9 HIS [N GOV]NM5T 79CLUD+ ,FIDEL ,CA/RO7 TO NAME ,CA/RO AS 0MAXIMO LID] DE LA ,REVOLUCION0 70MAXIMUM LEAD] ( ! REVOLUTION071 ,URRUTIA REFUS$4 ,HE WAS !N =C$ TO RESIGN & SEEK ASYLUM 9 A =EIGN EMBASSY FOLL[+ FALSE ACCUSATIONS ( CORRUPTION4 

,A WORSE FATE AWAIT$ ONE ( HIS CLOSE/ POLITICAL ALLIES & A MEMB] ( HIS CAB9ET4 ,HUMB]TO ,SORI ,M>91 ! =M] COMM&] ( ! REBEL >MY1 ! AU?OR ( ! AGR>IAN RE=M LAW1 & AN ANTI-,COMMUNI/1 WAS JAIL$ UND] ! ACCUSATION ( 0CONSPIR+ AGA9/ ! REVOLUTION0 & WAS EXECUT$ 9 ,APRIL #a#i#f#a4 ,ANO!R EX-REBEL COMM&] ALSO MET AN UNK9D FATE4 ,HUB]T ,MATOS1 =M] MILIT>Y *IEF ( ! ,CAMAGUEY DI/RICT1 COMPLA9$ TO ,CA/RO HIMSELF AB\T 0,COMMUNI/ 9FILTRATION0 9 ! RANKS ( ! >M$ =CES4 ,HE WAS !N ACCUS$ ( S$ITION & LAT] ( TREASON = ! CRIME ( HAV+ RESIGN$ HIS RANK & HIS PO/4 ,HE WAS S5T5C$ TO #b YE>S 9 PRISON1 & S]V$ #a#f4 

,!N !RE WAS ! CASE ( ,P$RO ,LUIS ,DIAZ ,LANZ1 HEAD ( ! REBEL AIR =CE4 ,PREOCCUPI$ ) ! EVID5T ,COMMUNI/ 9FLU5CE )9 ! ,FU]ZAS ,>MADAS ,REVOLUCION>IAS1 ,DIAZ ,LANZ DISCOV]$ A M>XI/ 9DOCTR9ATION C5T] AT A RAN* NE> ,HAVANA CALL$ 0,EL ,CORTIJO0 70,! ,F>MH\SE074 ,HE COMPLA9$ AB\T ?IS TO ,CA/RO4 ,9 RESPONSE1 ,CA/RO =BADE HIM FROM MAK+ ?IS NEWS PUBLIC4 ,DIAZ ,LANZ BECAME EV] MORE DI/URB$ BY ! 9CREAS+ P[] ( ! ,P,C,C 9 BO? ! >M$ =CES & GOV]NM5T1 & RESIGN$ HIS PO/4 ,HE MANAG$ TO ESCAPE TO ,MIAMI BE=E MEET+ A FATE SIMIL> TO ?OSE ( ,SORI ,M>9 & ,MATOS4 

,! REACTION ( P>TS ( ! OPPOSITION TO ?IS GOV]NM5TAL REPRESSION WAS VIOL5T -- SABOTAGE & A FEW BOMB+S4 ,!SE CL&E/9E ACTIONS W]E C>RI$ \T BY V>I\S POLITICAL ORGANIZATIONS1 :I* AT FIR/ W]E ANTI-,COMMUNI/ & 9 ! 5D W]E ANTI-,CA/RO4 ,ALMO/ ALL ( !SE GR\PS HAD BE5 9VOLV$ 9 ! >M$ /RUGGLE AGA9/ ,BATI/A & HAD BE5 AFFILIAT$ ) ,M#b#f,J2 !Y *OSE DIRECT ACTION BECAUSE ( ! UND5IABLE & GR[+ M>XI/ 9FLU5CE AT ! HI<E/ LEVELS ( ! GOV]NM5T4 ,!Y SABOTAG$ ELECTRIC UTILITIES1 BURN$ SEV]AL %OPS & DEP>TM5T /ORES1 SET (F BOMBS 9 PUBLIC PLACES1 & COLLECT$ >MS & EXPLOSIVES TO S5D TO GU]RILLAS OP]AT+ 9 ! ,ESCAMBRAY ,M\NTA9S & ALSO 9 ! ,SI]RA DE LOS ,ORGANOS 7DESPITE !RE BE+ AS YET NO UNIT$ GU]RILLA FRONT74 

,CA/RO'S RESPONSE TO ALL ?IS WAS PR$ICTABLE3 HE REE/ABLI%$ ! 0,REVOLUTION>Y ,TRIBUNALS0 :I* H&$ D[N S5T5CES ( DEA? BY FIR+ SQUAD TO ANYONE ACCUS$ ( 0SUBV]SIVE ACTS40 ,?US COMM5C$ A LONG P]IOD ( T]ROR & C\NT]-T]ROR4 

,MEAN:ILE ! 9T]NATIONAL AN>*I/ COMMUNITY WAS M\RN+ ! LOSS ( ,CAMILO ,CI5FUEGOS1 ! VALIANT VET]AN ( ! >M$ /RUGGLE1 :OSE DISAPPE>ANCE REMA9$ %R\D$ 9 MY/]Y4 ,CAMILO WAS ONE ( ! *ILDR5 ( ,RAMON ,CI5FUEGOS1 A ,CUBAN WORK] :O HAD P>TICIPAT$ 9 ! AN>*I/ MOVEM5T DUR+ ! #a#i#bS4 ,HE WORK$ ) ! ,S,I,A & P>TICIPAT$ 9 ! F\ND+ ( ! ,A,L,C1 BUT ACCORD+ TO ,CA/O ,MOSCU1 0,WE NEV] SAW HIM AGA9 UNTIL ,CAMILO BECAME A NATIONAL H]O40 ,! DISAPPE>ANCE ( ,CAMILO WAS LAM5T$ BY NE>LY ! 5TIRE ,CUBAN PEOPLE1 & ALSO ABROAD BY MANY LIB]T>IANS :O CONSID]$ HIM AN AN>*I/ 7?\< ! TRU? IS ?AT HE WAS NEV] A MEMB] ( ! ,CUBAN AN>*I/ MOVEM5T74 ,NONE!LESS1 HALF ! AN>*I/ WORLD CRI$ OV] ! LOSS ( ?IS REVOLUTION>Y H]O AS IF HE HAD BE5 ANO!R ,DURRUTI4 ,?IS IS H>DLY SURPRIS+ GIV5 ?AT ! ,CUBAN GOV]NM5T OCCUPI$ ITSELF 7PR9CIPALLY 9 ,EUROPE7 ) REPEAT+ TO ! PO9T ( FATIGUE ?AT ,COM&ANTE ,CAMILO ,CI5FUEGOS WAS A LIB]T>IAN MILITANT1 = ! PURPOSE ( GA9+ SUPPORT = ! ,CA/RO REGIME )9 ! 9T]NATIONAL AN>*I/ MOVEM5T4 ,! MY? HAS P]SI/$ AMONG LIB]T>IANS TO ?IS DAY3 ,SA9T ,CAMILO1 ! ,AN>*I/4 

,AT ! 5D ( #a#i#e#i1 ! ,T5? ,NATIONAL ,CONGRESS ( ! ,CONF$]ACION DE ,TRABAJADORES DE ,CUBA ,REVOLUCION>IA 7,C,T,C,R1 ! R5AM$ ,C,T,C7 WAS CONV5$4 ,A MAJORITY ( ! DELEGATES ACCEPT$ ! GOAL ( 0,HUMANISM10 A TYPE ( PHILOSOPHY :I* HAD BE5 \TL9$ AT ! BEG9N+ ( ! YE> AS A MEANS ( DI/ANC+ ! ,C,T,C,R FROM ! TRADITIONAL CAPITALI/ & ,COMMUNI/ ,COLD ,W> CAMPS4 ,! SLOGANS ( ?IS ,CUBAN ,HUMANISM W]E 0,BREAD ) ,LIB]TY0 & 0,LIB]TY )\T ,T]ROR40 ,! ,CUBANS1 ) TYPICAL CREATIVITY1 HAD 9V5T$ A NEW SOCIO-POLITICAL SY/EM 9 ORD] TO GIVE SOME TYPE ( IDEOLOGICAL EXPLANATION = ! NEW REGIME4 ,DAVID ,SALVADOR1 LEAD] ( ! ,M#b#f,J FACTION1 FEIGN$ & FUNCTION$ AS ! MO/ D>+ *AMPION ( ?IS NEW ,CUBAN 0,HUMANISM40 ,= ITS P>T1 ! ,P,C,C1 :I* WAS WELL REPRES5T$ 9 ?IS ,CONGRESS1 ?\< 9 ! M9ORITY1 CALL$ UP ! MU/Y SLOGAN1 0,UNITY40 

,ON ,NOVEMB] #b#c1 ! ,CONGRESS F\ND ITSELF TOTALLY DIVID$ OV] ! MATT]S ( MAK+ AGREEM5TS & ( ELECT+ REPRES5TATIVES4 ,CONFUSION REIGN$1 [+ TO ! 9ABILITY ( ! V>I\S OPPOS+ SECTORS TO REA* AGREEM5TS4 ,!RE W]E #bh$ DELEGATES AT ! ,CONGRESS1 ( :I* ! ,COMMUNI/S ONLY 9FLU5C$ #b#f#e4 ,) ?AT FEW DELEGATES1 IT WAS IMPOSSIBLE = !M TO CONTROL ! ,CONGRESS4 ,BUT !Y HAD ! BACK+ ( ! REVOLUTION>Y GOV]NM5T & ITS NEW ,M9I/] ( ,LABOR1 ,AUGU/O ,M>T9EZ ,SAN*EZ1 COMM&] ( ! >MY & AN 9TIMATE ( ,RAUL ,CA/RO1 ! NUMB] TWO MAN 9 ! NEW ,CUBAN HI]>*Y 7& JU/ 9CID5TALLY ! NUMB] ONE MAN'S BRO!R74 

,! M>XI/S !N PROPOS$ ! CREATION ( A S+LE LI/ ( C&IDATES ?AT W\LD ASSUME DIRECTION ( ! ,C,T,C,R4 ,?AT IS TO SAY1 !Y PROPOS$ ?AT CONTROL ( ! ,C,T,C,R BE PUT 9 ! H&S ( A COMMITTEE 9 :I* !Y 7! ,P,C,C7 W\LD HAVE EQUAL REPRES5TATION ) ,M#b#f,J & ! ANTI-,COMMUNI/ UNIONI/S4 ,GIV5 !IR SMALL REPRES5TATION )9 ! UNION MOVEM5T1 ?IS MANEUV] C\LDN'T HAVE BE5 MORE CYNICAL4 ,MU* TO ! SURPRISE ( ,M>T9EZ ,SAN*EZ & ,RAUL ,CA/RO1 BO? ! 9DEP5D5T UNIONI/S & ! ,M#b#f,J FACTION REJECT$ ?IS PROPOSAL1 ) ! ,M#b#f,J DELEGATES :I/L+ & %\T+ D[N !IR [N LEAD]S4 

,9 LI<T ( ! OBVI\S P>ALYZES CREAT$ BY ! DIVISIONS 9 ! ,CONGRESS1 ,CA/RO HIMSELF %[$ UP & EXPLA9$ ! IMPORTANCE ( 0DEF5D+ ! REVOLUTION10 = :I* IT WAS NECESS>Y ?AT !RE BE 0TRULY REVOLUTION>Y DIRECTORS0 SUPPORT$ BY ALL ! DELEGATES ( ! ,CONGRESS4 ,HE PROPOS$ ?AT ! ,C,T,C,R LEAD] BE ,DAVID ,SALVADOR1 LEAD] ( ! ,M#b#f,J CONT+5T4 ,! ONLY FACTION ?AT %\LD PREVAIL IS 0! P>TY ( ! FA!RL&10 SAID ,CA/RO4 ,& EFFECTIVELY1 AS 9 ! 0GOOD TIMES0 ( ! ,CUBAN REPUBLIC1 AS MU* AS MANY WANT$ TO =GET !M1 ! GOV]NM5T ( ! DAY NOM9AT$ ! ,SECRET>Y ,G5]AL ( ! ,C,T,C,R4 ,SALVADOR WAS !N ELECT$ & GIV5 ! TASK ( DESIGNAT+ A NEW 0NATIONAL DIRECTORATE40 ,CA/RO'S NOM9ATION ( ,SALVADOR 9 EFFECT MADE HIM A GOV]NM5TAL APP5DAGE1 IF NOT A GOV]NM5T M9I/]4 ,ON ,NOVEMB] #b#e1 ! ,CONGRESS 5D$4 ,! ,C,T,C,R WAS N[ 9 ! H&S ( ! 09DEP5D5T0 UNIONI/S :O FOLL[$ ! GOV]NM5T L9E4 

,IT WAS LOGICAL ?AT ! SYNDICALI/ REPRES5TATIVES ( ! ,M#b#f,J :O OPPOS$ ,P,C,C CONTROL ( ! ,CONGRESS & ! ,C,T,C,R1 AFT] LI/5+ TO ! 9/RUCTIONS FROM !IR MAXIMUM LEAD]1 ,FIDEL1 AB\T CONTROL ( ! ORGANIZATION1 W\LD MUTELY ACCEPT ! GOV]NM5T IMPOSITION ( ,SALVADOR4 ,?IS WAS = ! SIMPLE REASON ?AT ! ORD]S COM+ FROM ABOVE 9DICAT$ ?AT !Y EI!R COMPLY OR 5D UP 9 JAIL4 ,AS ! SLOGAN ( ! DAY PUT IT1 0,FA!RL& OR ,DEA?6 ,WE ,WILL ,W960 ,9 ?IS MANN]1 A C5TURY ( /RUGGLE BY ,CUBAN WORK]S AGA9/ ! ABUSES ( ! BOSSES 5D$ ) ! 0,CONGRESS ( ! MELONS0 7OLIVE-GRE5 ON ! \TSIDE1 ! COLOR ( ,M#b#f,J'S >MY UNI=MS1 & R$ ON ! 9SIDE1 ! COLOR ( ! ,P,C,C74 ,! /RUGGLE AGA9/ ! 9DIVIDUAL BOSSES HAD 5D$1 & 9 A FEW MON?S ! ,CUBAN /ATE W\LD BE ! ONE & ONLY BOSS -- & A BOSS :I* CONTROLL$ 7& CA/RAT$7 ! ONLY ORGANIZATION CAPABLE ( DEF5D+ WORK]S' RI<TS AGA9/ IT4 

,! #a? ,CONGRESS M>K$ ! 5D ( A NE>LY C5TURY-LONG HI/ORY ( WORK]S' /RUGGLES1 ( /RIKES1 ( WORK /OPPAGES ?AT HAD BEGUN ) ! FIR/ WORK]S' ASSOCIATIONS 9 #a#h#f#e4 ,TW5TY YE>S LAT] !SE ASSOCIATIONS BECAME MILITANT UNIONS 9 ! 9CIPI5T ,CUBAN AN>*OSYNDICALI/ MOVEM5T1 ) !IR TOBACCO /RIKES1 DEMON/RATIONS1 CONGRESSES1 FREE S*OOLS1 NEWSPAP]S1 & O!R ACTIVITIES4 ,UNTIL A FEW MON?S AFT] ! F\ND+ ( ! ,C,N,O,C 7AT ! TIME1 FRANKLY AN>*OSYNDICALI/7 9 #a#i#b#e1 ! ,CUBAN WORK]S' MOVEM5T AIM$ T[>D APOLITICISM & AGA9/ ! P>TICIPATION ( ! MOVEM5T'S LEAD]S 9 ELECTIONS OR POLITICAL (FICE4 

,! >RIVAL ( ! ,P,C,C & ITS OPPORTUNI/IC ASSAULT AIM$ AT TAK+ OV] ! ,C,N,O,C1 9 ORD] TO PUT IT AT ! DISPOSITION ( ,MA*ADO 9 #aicc & ,BATI/A 9 #a#i#c#i1 IS A B5* M>K 9 ! LE?AL FOSSILIZATION ( ! ,CUBAN WORK]S' MOVEM5T4 

,! CONTROL ( ! ,C,T,C BY ELEM5TS AFFILIAT$ ) ,EUSEBIO ,MUJAL DUR+ ! 5TIRE DECADE ( ! #a#i#eS WAS ANO!R BACKW>D /EP = WORK]S' EMANCIPATION4 ,BUT ! #a? ,CONGRESS ( ! ,C,T,C,R WAS ! CRU%+ BL[4 ,AFT] IT1 ! ,CUBAN PROLET>IAT W\LD BE FIRMLY H>NESS$ TO ! GOV]NM5T C>T4 

,AT ! 5D ( ?AT #a? ,CONGRESS1 ,SOLID>IDAD ,GA/RONOMICA COMM5T$ 9 A ,DECEMB] #a#e1 #aif $ITORIAL TITL$ 0,CONSID]ATIONS ,CONC]N+ ! #a? ,CONGRESS ( ! ,C,T,C,R0 ?AT1 0,IT WAS DEMON/RAT$ AT ! ,CONGRESS ?AT ! M>XI/ S5ORES NOT ONLY DO NOT REPRES5T A =CE 9SIDE ! ,CUBAN WORK]S' MOVEM5T1 BUT ?AT ! REPULSION !Y 9SPIRE 9 ! PROLET>IAT ( \R C\NTRY IS WELL KN[N40 ,LAT]1 ! $ITORIAL CONT9U$3 0,?IS UND]L9ES ONCE MORE ! 9CL9ATION T[>D TOTAL CONTROL ( ! WORK]S' MOVEM5T BY ! POLITICAL CURR5T ?AT RULES ! NATION40 ,IT 5D$ ON A TOTALLY UNF\ND$ OPTIMI/IC NOTE3 0,! #a? ,CUBAN ,WORK]S' ,CONGRESS DIDN'T DELIV] LEAD]%IP ( ! ORGANIZATION TO ! ,COMMUNI/S1 AN 9DISPUTABLE PRO( ?AT ! PROLET>IAT CAN'T BE EASILY FOOL$40 

,! NEW DIRECTORATE NAM$ BY ,SALVADOR D$ICAT$ ITSELF TO 0PURIFY+0 ! UNIONS & F$]ATION ( ALL ( ! ANTI-,COMMUNI/ ELEM5TS :O HAD RESI/$ ! M>XI/S AT ! ,CONGRESS4 ,ALREADY BY ,APRIL #aif ?IS 0PURIFICATION0 HAD A*IEV$ RESULTS AS SATISFACTORY TO ! GOV]NM5T AS TO ! ,P,C,C4 

,ONE RESULT WAS ! MILIT>IZATION ( ! LABOR =CE4 ,! ,C,T,C,R PRESSUR$ ! UNIONS & F$]ATIONS TO CREATE MILITIAS4 ,BECAUSE UNION MEMB]%IP WAS OBLIGATORY 9 ALL WORKPLACES1 ?IS 9 EFFECT =C$ ,CUBA'S WORK]S TO 0VOLUNT>ILY0 MILIT>IZE !MSELVES4 

,:ILE ?IS WAS OCCURR+1 ,DAVID ,SALVADOR1 PRESSUR$ BY BO? ! 0DIRECTORATE0 HE HAD NAM$ & BY ! ,SECRET>Y ( ,LABOR1 ,M>T9EZ ,SAN*EZ1 RESIGN$ HIS PO/4 7,IRONICALLY1 ! ,5GLI% TRANSLATION ( 0,SALVADOR0 IS 0,SAVIOR407 ,A FEW WEEKS LAT] IT WAS FILL$ BY ,P,C,C MEMB] ,LAZ>O ,P5A4 ,A LITTLE AFT] ?IS1 ,SALVADOR1 ! MAN :O HAD DELIV]$ ! ,CUBAN WORK+ CLASS TO ,FIDEL ,CA/RO1 WAS DETA9$ ON SUSPICION ( 0C\NT]REVOLUTION>Y ACTIVITIES40 ,%ORTLY AFT] HE WAS RELEAS$1 HE W5T 9TO EXILE1 :]E HE CONT9UES TO LIVE 9 OBSCURITY4 

,!SE W]E DIFFICULT TIMES1 AS 9 ANY REVOLUTION>Y PROCESS 9 :I* ! PEOPLE DEBATE AMONG !MSELVES AMID FE>1 HOPE1 & UNC]TA9TY4 ,MATT]S W]E WORSE = ! AN>*I/S ?AN = MO/ O!R ,CUBANS1 AS AT ! />T ( ! YE> ! (FICIAL ,CA/RO ORGAN1 ,REVOLUCION1 HAD BEGUN A CAMPAIGN ( ANTI-AN>*I/ PROVOCATION1 MAK+ ACCUSATIONS ?AT W]E AS VEIL$ AS !Y W]E FALSE4 ,! ,P,C,C HAD NOT ONLY SEIZ$ CONTROL ( ! UNIONS1 BUT ! GOV]NM5T WAS VILIFY+ ! /RONGE/ DEF5D]S ( WORK]S' RI<TS4 

,ON ,JANU>Y #b#e1 #a#i#f1 ! ,A,L,C HELD A NATIONAL ASSEMBLY4 ,ITS ACCORDS 9CLUD$ A CALL TO 0SUPPORT ! ,CUBAN ,REVOLUTION0 BECAUSE ( 0ITS 9DISPUTABLE B5EFIT TO ! PEOPLE10 ITS DELIV]Y ( 0MORE SOCIAL JU/ICE & 5JOYM5T ( LIB]TY40 ,NONE!LESS1 9 ! SAME P>AGRAPH IT EXPRESS$ ! ,A,L,C'S 0TOTAL REJECTION ( ALL TYPES ( IMP]IALISM1 TOTALIT>IANISM1 & DICTATOR%IPS1 ! WORLD OV]40 ,! ACCORDS ALSO 9CLUD$ A CALL = SUPPORT ( & SOLID>ITY ) 0EL COMPAN]O ,CA/O ,MOSCU 444 .<9 ! FACE ( .> SECT>IAN ATTACKS & CALUMNIES40 ,! ,A,L,C DELEGATES ALSO ELECT$ A NEW NATIONAL C\NCIL1 ) ,JOSE ,RODRIGUEZ ,GONZALEZ AS ,SECRET>Y ,G5]AL4 ,O!RS NAM$ TO POSITIONS ( RESPONSIBILITY 9CLUD$ ,ROL&O ,P9]A ,P>DO1 ,B]N>DO ,MOR5O1 ,MANUEL ,GAONA1 ,M>CELO ,ALV>EZ1 & ,OM> ,DIEGUEZ4 

,LAT] ?AT YE>1 JU/ BE=E FALL+ VICTIM TO 0REVOLUTION>Y0 C5SOR%IP1 ,SOLID>IDAD ,GA/RONOMICA1 ! ,A,L,C J\RNAL1 PUBLI%$ ITS F9AL ISSUE4 ,?AT ISSUE1 ( ,DECEMB] #a#e1 #a#i#f1 CONTA9$ A FRONT PAGE >TICLE COMMEMORAT+ ,DURRUTI'S DEA? DUR+ ! DEF5SE ( ,MADRID4 ,9 IT1 ,SOLID>IDAD NOT$1 0,A DICTATOR%IP CAN ORIG9ATE 9 ! POLITICS ( CLASS DOM9ATION40 ,AN $ITORIAL 9 ! SAME ISSUE /AT$3 

,A COLLECTIVE DICTATOR%IP 444 ( ! WORK+ CLASS1 OR TO USE ! T]M9OLOGY ( ! DAY1 A PEOPLE'S DICTATOR%IP1 W\LD BE A CONTRADICTION 9 T]MS1 GIV5 ?AT ! *>ACT]I/IC ( ALL DICTATOR%IPS1 9CLUD+ 0PEOPLES0 OR 0PROLET>IAN10 IS ! PLAC+ ( P[] 9 ! H&S ( A FEW P]SONS -- NOT ITS %>+ BY ! POPULACE4 ,DICTATORS HAVE ABSOLUTE DOM9ION NOT ONLY OV] ! OPPRESS$ POLITICAL & SOCIAL CLASSES1 BUT ABOVE ALL OV] ! MEMB]S ( ! SUPPOS$ DOM9ANT CLASS4 ,! DAY WILL NEV] COME :5 !RE IS A DICTATOR%IP ( WORK]S OR PROLET>IANS1 CAMPES9OS & /UD5TS 444 OR :ATEV] Y\ WANT TO CALL IT 444 ,! P[] ( DICTATORS FALLS UPON ALL 444 NOT ONLY UPON 9DU/RIALI/S1 L&[N]S1 & PLANTATION [N]S 444 BUT ALSO UPON ! PROLET>IAT & ! PEOPLE 9 G5]AL -- & ALSO UPON ?OSE 0REVOLUTION>IES0 :O DO NOT DIRECTLY P>TICIPATE 9 ! EX]CISE ( P[]4 

,AS = NON-,CUBAN AN>*I/ ANALYZES ( ! SITUATION1 ! ,G]MAN LIB]T>IAN ,AGU/9 ,S\*Y J\RNEY$ TO ,HAVANA 9 ! SUMM] ( #a#i#f4 ,S\*Y HAD BE5 9VIT$ BY ! GOV]NM5T TO /UDY ! SITUATION ( ,CUBAN AGRICULTURE & TO ISSUE HIS OP9IONS ON IT1 & MANY AN>*I/S W]E 5?USIA/IC AB\T HIS VISIT4 ,! ,G]MAN WRIT] WAS W>MLY GREET$ BY ,CUBA'S AN>*I/S ON ,AUGU/ #a#e1 #a#i#f4 

,S\*Y WAS A /UD5T ( AGRICULTURE & HAD WRITT5 A WIDELY KN[N 79 ,EUROPE7 PAMPHLET1 ,! ,ISRAELI ,COOP]ATIVES1 AB\T ! ORGANIZATION ( ! KIBBUTZIM4 ,?IS WAS ! REASON ?AT ! ,CUBAN GOV]NM5T HAD 9VIT$ HIM TO VISIT ,CUBA -- IT EXPECT$ SOME?+ SIMIL> FROM HIM2 IT HOP$ ?AT HE W\LD WRITE AN 5DORSEM5T ( ITS GIGANTIC AGR>IAN PROGRAM :I* W\LD1 AMONG O!R ?+S1 BE USEFUL AS PROPAG&A 9 ! AN>*I/ M$IA & AMONG LIB]T>IAN ,CUBANS4 

,?IS DIDN'T HAPP54 ,S\*Y TRAVEL$ ! ISL& ) HIS EYES WIDE OP51 & HIS ANALYSIS ( ! SITUATION C\LDN'T HAVE BE5 MORE PESSIMI/IC4 ,HE CONCLUD$ ?AT ,CUBA WAS GO+ TOO NE> ! ,SOVIET MODEL1 & ?AT ! LACK ( 9DIVIDUAL FRE$OM & 9DIVIDUAL 9ITIATIVE C\LD LEAD TO NO?+ BUT C5TRALISM 9 ! AGRICULTURAL SECTOR1 AS WAS ALREADY NOTABLE 9 ! RE/ ( ! ECONOMY4 ,HIS ANALYSIS WAS ISSU$ 9 A PAMPHLET TITL$ ,TE/IMONIOS SOBRE LA ,REVOLUCION ,CUBANA1 :I* WAS PUBLI%$ )\T GO+ ?R\< (FICIAL C5SOR%IP4 ,?REE DAYS AFT] ,S\*Y LEFT ! ISL&1 ! 5TIRE PR9T RUN ( ! PAMPHLET WAS SEIZ$ & DE/ROY$ BY ! ,CA/RO GOV]NM5T1 ON ! SUGGE/ION ( ! ,P,C,C LEAD]%IP4 ,=TUNATELY1 ?IS ATTEMPT AT SUPPRESSION WAS ONLY P>TIALLY SUCCESSFUL1 AS ! AN>*I/ PUBLI%] ,$ITORIAL ,RECON/RUIR 9 ,BU5OS ,AIRES ISSU$ A NEW PR9T+ ( ! WORK 9 ,DECEMB] #a#i#f1 ) A NEW PROLOGUE BY ,JACOBO ,PR9CE4 

,9 ?IS SAME SUMM] ( #a#i#f1 CONV9C$ ?AT ,CA/RO 9CL9$ MORE EA* DAY T[>D A M>XI/-L59I/ GOV]NM5T :I* W\LD ASPHYXIATE FRE$OM ( EXPRESSION1 COMMUNICATION1 ASSOCIATION1 & EV5 MOVEM5T1 ! MAJORITY 9 ! ,A,L,C AGRE$ TO ISSUE ITS ,DECL>ACION DE ,PR9CIPIOS UND] ANO!R NAME4 ,?IS DOCUM5T WAS SIGN$ BY ! ,GRUPO DE ,S9DICALI/AS ,LIB]T>IOS & WAS 5DORS$ BY ! ,AGRUPACION ,S9DICALI/A ,LIB]T>IA 9 ,JUNE4 ,! REASON = US+ ?IS NAME WAS TO AVOID REPRISALS AGA9/ MEMB]S ( ! ,A,L,C4 ,?IS DOCUM5T IS VITAL 9 UND]/&+ ! SITUATION ( ! ,CUBAN AN>*I/S AT ?IS TIME4 ,ITS OBJECTIVES 9CLUD$ 9=M+ ! ,CUBAN PEOPLE ( ! POLITICAL & SOCIAL SITUATION1 ACCUS+ ! GOV]NM5T ( FOM5T+ DISA/]1 & 5GAG+ ! ,P,C,C -- MANY ( :OSE MEMB]S W]E ALREADY OCCUPY+ IMPORTANT POSITIONS 9 ! GOV]NM5T -- 9 DEBATE4 

,! EI<T PO9TS ( ! ,DECL>ACION ATTACK$ 0! /ATE 9 ALL ITS =MS03  

IT DEF9$1 9 ACCORD ) LIB]T>IAN IDEAS1 ! FUNCTIONS ( UNIONS & F$]ATIONS 9 REG>D TO !IR TRUE ECONOMIC ROLES2  

IT DECL>$ ?AT ! L& %\LD BELONG 0TO ?OSE :O WORK IT02  

IT BACK$ 0COOP]ATIVE & COLLECTIVE WORK0 9 CONTRA/ TO ! AGRICULTURAL C5TRALISM ( ! GOV]NM5T'S ,AGR>IAN ,RE=M LAW2  

IT CALL$ = ! FREE & COLLECTIVE $UCATION ( *ILDR52  

IT 9VEI<$ AGA9/ 0NOXI\S0 NATIONALISM1 MILIT>ISM1 & IMP]IALISM1 OPPOS+ FULLY ! MILIT>IZATION ( ! PEOPLE2  

IT ATTACK$ 0BUREAUCRATIC C5TRALISM0 & WEI<$ =? 9 FAVOR ( F$]ALISM2  

IT PROPOS$ 9DIVIDUAL LIB]TY AS A MEANS ( OBTA9+ COLLECTIVE LIB]TY2 &  

IT DECL>$ ?AT ! ,CUBAN ,REVOLUTION WAS1 LIKE ! SEA1 0= EV]YONE10 & 5]GETICALLY D5\NC$ 0! AU?ORIT>IAN T5D5CIES ?AT SURGE 9 ! BREA/ ( ! REVOLUTION40  
  

,?IS WAS ONE ( ! FIR/ DIRECT ATTACKS AGA9/ ! REGIME'S IDEOLOGICAL VIEWPO9T4 ,! RESPONSE WASN'T LONG 9 COM+4 ,9 ,AUGU/ #a#i#f1 ! ORGAN ( ! ,P,C,C1 ,HOY 70,TODAY071 UND] ! SIGNATURE ( ,SECRET>Y ,G5]AL ,BLAS ,ROCA1 ! MO/ PROM95T LEAD] 9 ! ,COMMUNI/ CAMP1 RESPOND$ TO ! ,DECL>ACION 9 AD HOM9EM MANN]1 REPEAT+ ! SAME LIBELS AS ! ,P,C,C HAD US$ 9 #a#i#c#d1 & ADD+ ! DANG]\S ACCUSATION ?AT ! AU?ORS ( ! ,DECL>ACION W]E 0AG5TS ( ! ,YANKEE ,/ATE ,DEP>TM5T40 ,ACCORD+ TO ONE ( ! AU?ORS ( ! ,DECL>ACION1 ,ABEL>DO ,IGLESIAS1 09 ! 5D1 ! EX-FRI5D ( ,BATI/A1 ,BLAS ,ROCA1 ANSW]$ US 9 .<,HOY'S.> ,SUNDAY SUPPLEM5T1 %[]+ US ) 9SULTS40 

,IT'S MO/ SIGNIFICANT ?AT AN ATTACK ON ! ,CA/RO GOV]NM5T WAS ANSW]$ BY ONE ( ! HI<E/ LEAD]S 9 ! ,P,C,C RA!R ?AN BY A GOV]NM5T (FICIAL4 ,9 ! SUMM] ( #a#i#f1 ANY D\BTS ?AT EXI/$ AB\T ! GOV]NM5T'S DIRECTION BEGAN TO FADE4 ,FROM ?IS MOM5T1 AN>*I/S :O W]E 5EMIES ( ! REGIME HAD TO 5GAGE 9 CL&E/9E OP]ATIONS4 ,!Y ATTEMPT$ TO HAVE A #e-PAGE PAMPHLET PR9T$ 9 REPLY TO ! ,P,C,C & ,BLAS ,ROCA1 BUT1 ACCORD+ TO ,IGLESIAS1 0WE C\LDN'T GET \R PR9T]S -- ALREADY T]RORIZ$ BY ! DICTATOR%IP -- TO PR9T IT4 ,NEI!R C\LD WE MANAGE A CL&E/9E $ITION40 

,! MO/ COMBATIVE ELEM5TS AMONG ! ,CUBAN AN>*I/S HAD FEW OPTIONS LEFT AT !IR DISPOSAL4 ,AFT] ! RESPONSE TO ! ,DECL>ACION1 !Y KNEW ?AT !Y W\LD BE H>RI$ BY ! GOV]NM5T1 AS W\LD BE ANY O!R ,CUBANS OPPOS$ TO ! 0REVOLUTION>Y0 PROCESS4 ,9 ?OSE DAYS AN ACCUSATION ( BE+ 0C\NT]REVOLUTION>Y0 MEANT A TRIP TO JAIL OR TO ! FIR+ SQUAD4 ,SO1 ) O!R MEANS CUT (F1 !Y W5T UND]GR\ND & RESORT$ TO CL&E/9E DIRECT ACTION4 

,!IR REASONS >E AS VALID TODAY AS !Y W]E !N4 ,AS WE HAVE SE51 AN>*OSYNDICALISM )9 ! ,CUBAN UNIONS & F$]ATIONS HAD BE5 SUPPRESS$4 ,FRE$OM ( ! PRESS HAD BE5 SUSP5D$1 & IT WAS DANG]\S TO HAVE OP9IONS CONTR>Y TO ?OSE ( ! GOV]NM5T4 ,TO ATTACK ! GOV]NM5T V]BALLY WAS AN ATTACK AGA9/ ! HOMEL&4 ,& ! REGIME'S POLITICO-ECONOMIC POLICIES W]E QUICKLY LEAD+ TO ! ,SOVIETIZATION ( ,CUBA1 ) ALL ITS NEGATIVE CONSEQU5CES4 

,! REGIME WAS CONDUCT+ ?IS ECONOMIC CAMPAIGN ) RIGOR1 & HAD GONE AFT] ALL ( ! BIG BUS9ESSES1 RAN*ES1 SUG> MILLS1 TOBACCO FIELDS1 ETC4 ,9 O!R WORDS1 IT WAS CONFISCAT+ ALL ( ! NATIONAL WEAL? ?AT UNTIL ?IS TIME HAD BE5 9 ! H&S ( ! BIG B\RGEOISIE1 NATIONAL CAPITALISM1 & ,U4,S4_/,CUBAN BANK+4 ,! AN>*I/S DIDN'T CRITICIZE !SE 0NATIONALIZATION0 MEASURES4 ,:AT !Y OPPOS$ WAS /ATE [N]%IP_/DICTATOR%IP OV] ALL ( ,CUBA'S WEAL?4 

,:AT WAS LEFT = ,CUBA'S AN>*I/S WAS TO *OOSE EI!R ! H>D PA? ( EXILE OR ?AT ( CL&E/9E /RUGGLE4 ,AS ,CA/O ,MOSCU W\LD EXPLA91 0,WE W]E CONV9C$ ?AT ALL ( \R EF=TS & ?OSE ( \R PEOPLE HAD GONE = NO?+1 & ?AT WE HAD >RIV$ AT A WORSE1 MORE M5AC+ SITUATION ?AN ALL ( ! ILLS WE HAD ALREADY COMBAT$40 ,FAC+ ?IS TOTALIT>IAN SITUATION1 ! GREAT MAJORITY ( ,CUBA'S AN>*I/S DECID$ TO REBEL4 ,!Y 9ITIAT$ AN >M$ /RUGGLE ?AT WAS CONDEMN$ FROM ! />T TO FAILURE4 

,AMONG NONVIOL5T AN>*I/ OPPOSITION ACTIVITIES AT ?IS TIME WAS ! CL&E/9E BULLET91 ,M,A,S 7,MOVIMI5TO DE ,ACCION ,S9DICAL71 :I* CIRCULAT$ ?R\<\T ! ISL& & OV]SEAS4 ,M,A,S FEATUR$ 9 ITS FEW MON?LY $ITIONS 7,AUGU/ -- ,DECEMB] #a#i#f7 ATTACK )\T QU>T] AGA9/ ! ,P,C,C & ITS FOLL[]S 9 G5]AL & AGA9/ ,CA/RO 9 P>TICUL>4 ,AS = ! SITUATION 9 ,CUBA AT ?IS TIME1 ,CA/O ,MOSCU /ATES3 0,AN 9F9ITY ( MANIFE/OS W]E WRITT5 D5\NC+ ! FALSE PO/ULATES ( ! ,CA/RO REVOLUTION & CALL+ ! POPULACE TO OPPOSE IT4 ,MANY MEET+S W]E HELD TO DEBATE MATT]S & TO RAISE AW>5ESS10 & 0PLANS W]E PUT 9TO EFFECT TO SABOTAGE ! BASIC ?+S SU/A9+ ! /ATE40 

,! ME?ODS 9CLUD$ >M$ /RUGGLE4 ,MOSCU RELATES3 0,I P>TICIPAT$ 9 EF=TS TO SUPPORT GU]RILLA 9SURG5CIES 9 DIFF]5T P>TS ( ! C\NTRY40 ,9 P>TICUL>1 TWO IMPORTANT OP]ATIONS TOOK PLACE 9 ! SAME ZONE1 ! ,SI]RA ,OCCID5TAL1 9 :I* OP]ATIONS W]E DIFFICULT BECAUSE ! M\NTA9S >5'T V]Y HI<1 !Y'RE N>R[1 & !Y'RE NE> ,HAVANA3 0,!RE WAS DIRECT CONTACT ) ! GU]RILLA B& COMM&$ BY ,CAPTA9 ,P$RO ,SAN*EZ 9 ,SAN ,CRI/OBAL2 S9CE SOME ( \R COMPAN]OS P>TICIPAT$ ACTIVELY 9 ?IS B& 444 !Y W]E SUPPLI$ ) >MS 444 ,WE ALSO DID EV]Y?+ WE C\LD TO SUPPORT ! GU]RILLA B& COMM&$ BY ,FRANCISCO ,ROBA9A 7KN[N AS ',MA*ETE'7 ?AT OP]AT$ 9 ! SAME RANGE40 ,AT LEA/ ONE AN>*I/ FI<T] 9 !SE B&S1 ,AUGU/O ,SAN*EZ1 WAS EXECUT$ BY ! GOV]NM5T )\T TRIAL AFT] BE+ TAK5 PRISON]4 ,! GOV]NM5T CONSID]$ ! GU]RILLAS 0B&ITS0 & HAD V]Y LITTLE RESPECT = ! LIVES ( ?OSE :O SURR5D]$4 

,ACCORD+ TO ,MOSCU1 9 ADDITION TO ,AUGU/O ,SAN*EZ1 ! FOLL[+ 0COMPAN]OS COMBATI5TES0 W]E MURD]$ BY ! ,CA/RO GOV]NM5T3 ,ROL&O ,TAM>GO1 ,SEBA/IAN ,AGUIL>1 ,JR4 & ,V5TURA ,SU>EZ W]E %OT2 ,EUSEBIO ,OT]O WAS F\ND DEAD 9 HIS CELL2 ,RAUL ,NEGR91 H>ASS$ BEYOND 5DURANCE1 SET HIMSELF ON FIRE4 ,MANY O!RS W]E >RE/$ & S5T TO PRISON1 AMONG !M ,MODE/O ,P9EIRO1 ,FLOREAL ,B>R]A1 ,SURIA ,L9SUA91 ,MANUEL ,GONZALEZ1 ,JOSE ,AC5A1 ,ISIDRO ,MOSCU1 ,NORB]TO ,TORRES1 ,SIC9IO ,TORRES1 ,JOSE ,M&ADO ,M>COS1 ,PLACIDO ,M5DEZ1 & ,LUIS ,L9SUA91 !SE LA/ TWO BE+ (FICIALS 9 ! ,REBEL ,>MY4 ,FRANCISCO ,AGUIRRE DI$ 9 PRISON2 ,VICTORIANO ,H]N&EZ1 SICK & BL9D BECAUSE ( PRISON TORTURES1 KILL$ HIMSELF2 & ,JOSE ,ALV>EZ ,MI*ELTOR5A DI$ A FEW WEEKS AFT] GETT+ \T ( PRISON4 

,! SITUATION ( ,CUBA'S LIB]T>IANS GREW MORE T5SE ) EA* PASS+ DAY4 ,! FAIL$ ,BAY ( ,PIGS 9VASION1 9 ,PLAYA ,GIRON1 S\? ( ,MATANZAS ,PROV9CE1 ON ! #a#g? ( ,APRIL #aifa -- AN ADV5TURE AS WELL F9ANC$ AS IT WAS BADLY PLANN$ BY ! ,C,I,A -- GAVE ! GOV]NM5T ! EXCUSE IT NE$$ TO TOTALLY LIQUIDATE ! 9T]NAL OPPOSITION1 :I* ( C\RSE 9CLUD$ ! AN>*I/S1 & TO CONSOLIDATE ITS P[]4 

,ON ,MAY ,DAY1 #a#i#f#a1 ,CA/RO DECL>$ HIS GOV]NM5T 0SOCIALI/0 -- 9 PRACTICE1 /AL9I/4 ,?IS PRES5T$ ! LIB]T>IANS BO? 9SIDE & \TSIDE ( ,CUBA ) AN E?ICAL DILEMMA3 ! REGIME DEM&$ ! MO/ DECID$ ALLEGIANCE ( ITS SYMPA?IZ]S & MILITANTS1 & DIDN'T RECOGNIZE AB/5TION OR A NEUTRAL POSITION4 ,?IS MEANT ?AT ONE EI!R SLEPT ) CRIM9ALS OR DI$ ( 9SOMNIA1 ?AT IS1 ONE EI!R SUPPORT$ ! REGIME1 W5T 9TO EXILE1 OR W5T 9TO ! CEMET]Y4 

,9 PREVI\S EPO*S1 !RE W]E O!R R\TES4 ,9 ! #a#i? C5TURY1 ONE C\LD EI!R OPT = ! SEP>ATI/ =CES OR KEEP \T ( ! 9DEP5D5CE QUE/ION4 ,:5 ,MA*ADO OR ,BATI/A W]E 9 P[]1 ! LIB]T>IANS C\LD DECL>E !MSELVES ANTI-POLITICAL OR PASS OV] TO ! OPPOSITION GR\PS ) ! MO/ AFF9ITY = AN>*I/ IDEALS -- LEFT REVOLUTION>IES OR LIB]AL OR SOCIAL-DEMOCRATIC POLITICAL GR\PS4 ,BUT ! ,?IRD ,REPUBLIC1 PRESID$ OV] BY A BUDD+ DICTATOR1 (F]$ ONLY F\R ALT]NATIVES3 PLAC+ ONESELF UND] ! DICTATOR'S CONTROL2 PRISON2 ! FIR+ SQUAD2 OR EXILE4 

,A FEW MON?S AFT] ,FIDEL ,CA/RO DECL>$ HIMSELF A M>XI/-L59I/1 AN EV5T )\T P>ALLEL 9 ! HI/ORY ( ,CUBAN AN>*ISM OCCURR$4 ,MANUEL ,GAONA ,S\SA1 AN OLD RAILROAD WORK] FROM ! TIMES ( ,5RIQUE ,V>ONA & ! ,C,N,O,C1 A LIB]T>IAN MILITANT HIS 5TIRE LIFE & A F\ND] ( ! ,A,L,C1 & 9 ! FIR/ YE>S ( ,CA/ROISM ! ,A,L,C'S ,SECRET>Y ( ,RELATIONS -- & H5CE ! P]SON DEAL+ ) OV]SEAS AN>*I/ M$IA & ORGANIZATIONS -- BETRAY$ BO? HIS IDEALS & HIS COMRADES4 ,9 A DOCUM5T TITL$ ,A ,CL>IFICATION & A ,DECL>ATION ( ! ,CUBAN ,LIB]T>IANS1 DAT$ & SIGN$ 9 ,M>IANAO ON ,NOVEMB] #b#d1 #a#i#f#a1 ,GAONA D5\NC$ ! ,CUBAN AN>*I/S :O DIDN'T %>E HIS 5?USIASM = ! ,CA/RO REVOLUTION4 

,AFT] ! FIR/ CONFRONTATIONS ) ! MO/ /AL9I/ SECTORS ( ! ,P,C,C1 IT WAS UND]/OOD 9 ! ,A,L,C ?AT ! REGIME1 ON ITS WAY TO TOTALIT>IANISM1 W\LD NOT P]MIT ! EXI/5CE ( AN AN>*I/ ORGANIZATION1 OR EV5 ! PROPAGATION ( AN>*I/ IDEAS4 ,! ,P,C,C WANT$ TO SETTLE ACC\NTS ) ! AN>*I/S4 ,= HIS P>T1 ,GAONA PREF]R$ TO SAVE HIS [N SK9 BY SETTL+ 9 ! 5EMY CAMP1 LEAV+ HIS =M] COMRADES TO F5D = !MSELVES4 

,9 ALL L&S & ALL LATITUDES !RE HAVE ALWAYS BE5 ?OSE :O HAVE EMBRAC$ & !N REJECT$ LIB]T>IAN IDEAS4 ,9 ?IS1 ,GAONA WAS NOT UNUSUAL4 ,! R5UNCIATION ( AN>*ISM BY PROM95T AN>*I/S WAS NO?+ NEW2 P]SONS ) EQUAL OR MORE RESPONSIBILITY ?AN ,GAONA 9 ,CUBAN AN>*I/ ORGANIZATIONS HAD DONE IT1 EX*ANG+ !IR SOCIAL OP9IONS = ,CUBAN ELECTORAL POLITICS4 ,= EXAMPLE1 ,5RIQUE ,MESSONI] CROSS$ OV] TO ! ,P>TIDO ,LIB]AL 9 #a#i#a2 ,ANTONIO ,P5I*ET TO ! ,P>TIDO ,AUT5TICO AT ! BEG9N+ ( ! #a#i#cS2 & ,HELIO ,N>DO TO ! ,P>TIDO ,ORTODOXO AT ! 5D ( ! #a#i#dS4 ,!SE ACTS W]E NEV] CONSID]$ TRAITOR\S BY ! MAJORITY ( LIB]T>IAN MILITANTS4 ,!Y SIMPLY BELIEV$ ?AT !SE EX-COMPAN]OS HAD ! RI<T TO *OOSE !IR [N POLITICAL DE/9Y1 & ?OSE :O SWIT*$ ALLEGIANCES W]E NEV] ANA!MATIZ$4 ,BESIDES1 !Y HADN'T DRA/ICALLY *ANG$ !IR BASIC POSITIONS1 & !Y HADN'T ASSOCIAT$ !MSELVES ) P>TIES ( ! EXTREME RI<T OR ) O!R TOTALIT>IAN OR RELIGI\S P>TIES4 ,?IS WASN'T ! CASE ) ,GAONA4 ,HE NOT ONLY ALLI$ HIMSELF ) ! REACTION>Y =CES GOV]N+ ,CUBA1 BUT HE ALSO ?REAT5$ TO D5\NCE AS 0AG5TS ( IMP]IALISM0 =M] COMRADES :O DIDN'T %>E HIS PSEUDO-REVOLUTION>Y PO/URE TO ! REC5TLY =M$ ,COMMITTEES = ! ,DEF5SE ( ! ,REVOLUTION -- :I*1 ( C\RSE1 W\LD HAVE MEANT PRISON OR ! FIR+ SQUAD = ANYONE HE D5\NC$4 

,GAONA W5T FUR!R & CO]C$ SEV]AL ELD]LY AN>*I/S1 SU* AS ,RAFAEL ,S]RA & ,FRANCISCO ,BRETAU1 9TO BE+ ACCOMPLICES 9 HIS BETRAYAL ?R\< A DOCUM5T 9 :I* HE ATTEMPT$ TO 0CL>IFY0 = OV]SEAS AN>*I/S 0AN 9SIDI\S CAMPAIGN BE+ WAG$ 9 ! LIB]T>IAN PRESS ( Y\R C\NTRY 444 AGA9/ ! ,CUBAN ,REVOLUTION0 ) ! PURPOSE ( 0COLLECT+ MONEY = ! ,CUBAN LIB]T>IAN PRISON]S 444 TO DELIV] !M & !IR FAMILIES \T ( ! C\NTRY40 ,! DOCUM5T RAIL$ AGA9/ :AT ,GAONA LABEL$ 0A HOAX1 IRRESPONSIBILITY1 & BAD FAI?0 ON ! P>T ( HIS EX-COMRADES N[ 9 EXILE OR TAK+ REFUGE 9 SOME EMBASSY4 ,HE !N GU>ANTE$ 9 ! FIR/ P>AGRAPH ?AT !RE DID NOT EXI/ ON ! 5TIRE ISL& 0A S+LE LIB]T>IAN COMRADE :O HAS BE5 DETA9$ OR P]SECUT$ = HIS IDEAS40 ,& ?IS :5 ,GAONA HAD EXPELL$ ALL ! AN>*I/S FROM ! ,A,L,C & DISSOLV$ ! ORGANIZATION6 

,! SECOND P>AGRAPH ( ,GAONA'S DOCUM5T DECL>$ ?AT !RE DIDN'T EXI/ ANY TYPE ( POLITICAL OR RELIGI\S P]SECUTION 9 ,CUBA1 & !N ATTEMPT$ TO ID5TIFY ! ,BAY ( ,PIGS PRISON]S ) ALL ( ! OPPOSITION =CES 9 ,CUBA1 9CLUD+1 ( C\RSE1 ! AN>*I/S4 ,TO COMBAT ?IS ?REAT1 !RE EXI/$ AN 0EXTREME VIGILANCE 9 ! PEOPLE ?R\< ! ,COMMITTEES = ! ,DEF5SE ( ! ,REVOLUTION -- ONE ON EV]Y BLOCK -- AGA9/ ! T]RORI/S40 ,GAONA ?US JU/IFI$ ! T]RORISM ( ! /ATE AGA9/ ! PEOPLE ?R\< COMMITTEES ( 9=M]S ?AT ANSW]$ TO ! FE>$ /ATE SECURITY AG5CY4 ,HE ALSO IMPLI$ ?AT ANY CITIZ5 ?AT DIDN'T BACK ?IS 0REVOLUTION>Y0 PROCESS1 !SE 9TRUSIVE COMMITTEES1 WAS A TRAITOR :O DES]V$ TO BE D5\NC$4 

,GAONA !N LI$ \TRI<T :5 HE DECL>$ ?AT 0ALMO/ ! TOTALITY ( LIB]T>IAN MILITANTS 9 ,CUBA F9D !MSELVES 9TEGRAT$ 9TO ! DI/9CT ',ORGANISMS ( ! ,CUBAN ,REVOLUTION'10 ALL ( :I* HE LABEL$ 0MASS ORGANIZATIONS40 ,HE !N BOA/$ ?AT ! 09TEGRATION0 ( !SE MILITANTS WAS ! 0CONSEQU5CE ( ! MOLD+ .<9TO REALITY.> 444 ( ALL ( ! IMM$IATE OBJECTIVES ( \R PROGRAM 444 & ! REASON = BE+ ( ! 9T]NATIONAL AN>*I/ MOVEM5T & ! 9T]NATIONAL WORK]S' MOVEM5T40 ,H]E ONE CAN GRASP FULLY ! 9T5TION & DIRECTION ( ?IS DOCUM5T4 ,ACCORD+ TO ,GAONA1 ! AN>*I/S 09TEGRAT$0 !MSELVES SPONTANE\SLY 9TO ,CA/RO'S DESPOTISM BECAUSE IT EMBODI$ ! OBJECTIVE ( ALL ( !IR SOCIAL /RUGGLES OV] MORE ?AN A C5TURY4 ,HE EV5 GOES BEYOND ?IS & SAYS ?AT ,CA/RO'S DESPOTISM EMBODIES ! TRUE AG5DA & PURPOSE ( ALL ( ! WORLD'S AN>*I/S4 

,GAONA 5DS ) AN EXHORTATION TO NON-,CUBAN AN>*I/S 0TO NOT BE SURPRIS$ BY ! BAD 9T5TIONS & FALSE 9=MATION ?AT Y\'LL RECEIVE FROM ?OSE 444 AT ! S]VICE1 CONSCI\S OR UNCONSCI\S1 ( ! ,CUBAN C\NT]-REVOLUTION1 :O UND]TAKE TO REMA9 DEAF & BL9D BE=E ! REALITIES 444 ( ! MO/ PROGRESSIVE1 DEMOCRATIC1 & HUMANI/ ,REVOLUTION ( \R CONT95T40 ,F9ALLY1 HE /ATES ?AT IT'S NECESS>Y TO SUPPORT ,CA/ROISM & 0TO TAKE UP >MS0 9 ITS DEF5SE1 DECL>+ 0TRAITORS & C[>DS0 ?OSE :O 0UND] ! PRETEXT ( DIFF]5CES OR SECT>IAN RANCOR0 OPPOSE ?IS BEAUTIFUL DREAM4 

,?IS DOCUM5T IS TREAT$ H]E AT L5G? BECAUSE IT WILL HELP ! READ] BETT] UND]/& ITS S9I/] CONSEQU5CES 9 COM+ YE>S4 ,GAONA1 AT ! 5D ( HIS LIFE1 HAD BETRAY$ HIS COMRADES1 BUT EV5 WORSE1 HE CO]C$ FIVE ELD]LY MEMB]S ( ! ,CUBAN AN>*I/ MOVEM5T -- SOME ALREADY 9FIRM OCTOG5]IANS -- 9TO 5DORS+ ?IS MON/R\S DECL>ATION ?AT PRECISELY NEGAT$ ALL LIB]T>IAN PR9CIPLES1 BO? 9SIDE & \TSIDE ,CUBA4 ,VIC5TE ,ALEA1 ,RAFAEL ,S]RA1 ,FRANCISCO ,BRETAU1 ,&RES ,P>DO1 & ,FRANCISCO ,CALLE 70,MATA07 SIGN$ ?IS DOCUM5T ALONG ) #af O!RS :O HAD LITTLE OR NO?+ TO DO ) ,CUBAN AN>*ISM4 

,MANY LIB]T>IANS /ILL ON ! ISL& REJECT$ ?IS BIT ( 9FAMY & W]E ?US CONSID]$ 5EMIES ( ! REVOLUTION2 !Y W]E SOON] OR LAT] =C$ TO AB&ON !IR HOMEL&4 ,AMONG !SE WAS ONE ( ! MO/ \T/&+ ,CUBAN 9TELLECTUALS1 ,M>CELO ,SAL9AS1 :O1 HAD HE PUT HIMSELF AT ! S]VICE ( ! DICTATOR%IP BY SIGN+ ! ,GAONA DOCUM5T1 W\LD HAVE RECEIV$ ALL ( ! HONORS & PRE/IGE ?AT TYRANTS CAN DELIV] TO !IR LACKEYS4 

,:ILE ,GAONA WAS BETRAY+ HIS =M] COMRADES1 TWO ,CUBAN AN>*I/S1 ,MANUEL ,GONZALEZ & ,CA/O ,MOSCU1 :O W]E 9VOLV$ 9 ! TRANSPORTATION ( >MS & PROPAG&A1 W]E DETA9$ 9 ,HAVANA4 ,TAK5 TO A JAIL ( ! /ATE SECURITY S]VICE & FE>+ ?AT !Y W\LD BE %OT -- A COMMON FATE = 0C\NT]REVOLUTION>IES0 -- !Y W]E PUT AT LIB]TY ON ! ORD]S ( ! DEP>TM5T COMM&]1 :O WAS FAMILI> ) ! WORK ( ! LIB]T>IANS 9 ! LABOR MOVEM5T1 & :O M5TION$ ) PRIDE KN[+ ,S]RA & ,SAL9AS 9 TIMES PA/4 ,GONZALEZ & ,MOSCU WA/$ LITTLE TIME GO+ DIRECTLY FROM ! JAIL TO ! ,MEXICAN EMBASSY1 :]E !Y W]E RECEIV$ ALMO/ )\T =MALITIES4 ,BO? W\LD M>* 9TO EXILE VIA ,MEXICO & W\LD LAT] REUNITE ) !IR COMRADES 9 ,MIAMI4 

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