,CUT ,D[N ,! ,H\RS ,( ,WORK6 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,! ,9DU/RIAL ,WORK]S ( ! ,WORLD 7,I,W,W7 

,TEXT 3 

,M,A,D,E ,9 ,U4 ,S4 ,A4 
  ,C,U,T ,D,[,N ,! ,H,\,R,S ,( ,W,O,R,K6 
   

,Y\ 
WORK = A LIV+8 ,DID Y\ EV] NOTICE H[ V]Y MU* WORK ! BOSS 
WANTS Y\ TO DO = ?AT LIV+8 ,EV]Y TIME !RE IS ! SLI<TE/ 
EXCUSE1 HE 9CREASES ! H\RS ( LABOR4 ,ONE EXCUSE SEEMS TO BE AS GOOD 
AS ANO!R4 ,IF !RE IS A BIG DEM& = PRODUCTS1 HE WANTS Y\ TO WORK 
OV]TIME TO GET ! /UFF \T2 :ILE IF !RE IS A SLACK M>KET1 ! 
EMPLOY] SUGGE/S ?AT Y\ PUT 9 AN EXTRA H\R OR SO TO *EAP5 ! 
CO/ ( PRODUCTION4 ,HE CLAIMS ?AT HE CAN'T AF=D TO PAY Y\ ! WAGES 
Y\ HAVE BE5 GETT+ UNLESS Y\ MAKE MORE PR(IT = HIM4 
   

,IF 
A NEW PROCESS IS 9/ALL$1 HE WANTS Y\ TO WORK OV]TIME 9 ORD] TO 
PAY = PUTT+ IT 92 & IF ! PROCESS SAVES LABOR1 HE PO9TS \T TO 
Y\ ?AT Y\ HAVE TO WORK LONG] N[1 BECAUSE IT W\LDN'T DO TO WA/E 
! TIME ( ?IS MA*9]Y1 AS IT ONLY SAVES LABOR :ILE IT IS 9 
OP]ATION4 
   

,LET US REM9D Y\ ( A FEW 9/ANCES4 ,9 #a#i#a#g1 ! 
LUMB] WORK]S WON AN EI<T H\R DAY 9 ! =E/S ( ! ,NOR?WE/4 
!Y HAD A /RONG FI<T+ UNION1 ! ,I4 ,W4 ,W41 & !Y MADE 
! BOSS CUT ! H\RS FROM N9E OR T5 TO EI<T4 ,!N ! W> CAME & 
A POPUL> HY/]IA AGA9/ ! ,I4 ,W4 ,W4 WAS CREAT$4 
   
   ,H,[ ,!,Y ,S,W,9,D,L,E ,Y,\ 
   
    

,:AT 
DID ! LUMB] B>ONS DO8 ,:Y !Y BEGAN ALMO/ IMM$IATELY TO L5G!N 
! WORKDAY4 ,FIR/ !Y SAID EI<T H\RS MEANT EI<T H\RS ON ! JOB1 
& ! WORK] HAD TO GO TO & FROM CAMP ON HIS [N TIME4 ,!N IF 
!RE W]E DELAYS1 BROK5 MA*9]Y1 OR SOME?+ LIKE ?AT1 ! M5 
HAD TO /AY & MAKE UP ! TIME4 ,NEXT1 AFT] V>I\S PLEAS1 
PATRIOTISM1 ETC41 !Y BEGAN TO RUN 9 OV]TIME4 ,AT FIR/ !Y PAID = 
IT1 ( C\RSE ONLY AT /RAI<T TIME4 ,IF A MAN WAS GETT+ @s#d A DAY 
7?AT WAS ! G5]AL WAGE 9 ! 9DU/RY71 = EI<T H\RS' WORK1 
!Y GAVE HIM1 TO BE SURE1 @s#d4#e = N9E H\RS' WORK4 ,BUT !N1 PRICES 
W5T UP1 SO ?AT ! @s#d4#e WAS LESS TO HIM :5 HE CAME TO SP5D+ IT 
?AN ! OLD @s#d WAGE US$ TO BE4 ,:5 PRICES CAME D[N1 ! WAGES W5T 
D[N--BECAUSE ! BOSS KNEW ?AT ! WORK]S HAD LIV$ ON @s#d4#e1 & N[ 
@s#d W\LD BUY AS MU*4 ,EV]Y?+ WAS JU/ AS IT HAD BE51 EXCEPT ?AT 
N[ ! MAN WAS WORK+ N9E H\RS 9/EAD ( EI<T1 GETT+ LESS WAGES 
P] H\R1 IF Y\ LOOK AT IT ?AT WAY4 ,YES1 ! EI<T-H\R DAY WAS WON 
AGA91 BUT ONLY BECAUSE ! ,I4 ,W4 ,W4 WON IT ONCE MORE4 
    

,?IS 
IS 9 EV]Y 9DU/RY1 ! HI/ORY ( LONG H\RS1 OV]T9E1 ETC41 ?\< 
! DETAILS1 ! TRICKS ( ! CAPITALI/S1 V>Y4 ,DUR+ ?IS SAME 
P]IOD1 ! N9E-H\R DAY = F>M H&S & ! REGUL> EI<T-H\R DAY 
= FACTORY WORK]S1 MUCK]S 9 ! M9ES1 ETC41 W5T UP TO T5 H\RS1 
9 SOME CASES TO ELEV5 H\RS4 ,!RE WAS ALWAYS A TWELVE-H\R DAY 9 
! IRON & /EEL MANUFACTUR+ & OIL 9DU/RIES4 
    

,! 
SITUATION IS NOT CONF9$ TO ANY ONE C\NTRY4 ,Y\ WILL NOT SAVE 
Y\RSELF BY RUNN+ AWAY FROM IT4 ,9 ,5GL&1 ! OLD =TY-F\R H\R 
WEEK ?AT ! LABOR UNIONS HAD PRETTY WELL E/ABLI%$1 HAS BROK5 
D[N2 ,5GLI% ,LABOR WORKS LONG] H\RS N[1 TOO4 
   
   ,!,Y ,A,L,L ,W,A,N,T ,L,O,N,G ,H,\,R,S 
  
    

,9 
,G]MANY1 ! GREAT 9DU/RIAL CAPITALI/S (F]$ 9 ,MAY1 #a#i#b#c1 TO PAY 
! ,G]MAN 9DEMNITY IF ! RAILROADS W]E TURN$ OV] TO !M & ! 
WORKDAY = LABOR]S 9CREAS$ FROM EI<T TO T5 H\RS4 
    

,COM+ 
BACK TO ,AM]ICA1 WE HAVE ! SPECTACLE ( ALL ! SPOKESM5 ( ! 
CAPITALI/ CLASS AGITAT+ = LONG] H\RS1 ESPECIALLY ! POPUL> 
WRIT]S1 ,H9MAN & ,=BES1 :O SPREAD MIS9=MATION EV]Y DAY ?R\< 
! ,HE>/ ,NEWS ,S]VICE1 ! BIGGE/ 9 ! WORLD4 
    

,!Y 
PREA* 0A SUFFICI5TLY LONG WORKDAY TO BR+ A FAIR PR(IT TO ! 
MANUFACTUR]1 :I* MEANS 9 SOME 9DU/RIES N9E H\RS1 & 9 O!RS 
T540 ,!Y TAKE MU* CR$IT TO !MSELVES = NOT ADVOCAT+ TWELVE 
H\RS4 
    

,( C\RSE1 WE HAVE \R ,JUDGE ,G>Y1 ,PRESID5T ( ! 
,/EEL ,TRU/1 :O /AT$ AT ! LA/ ANNUAL ,G>Y D9N] 7#a#i#b#b71 ?AT ! 
TWELVE-H\R DAY MU/ BE CONT9U$ 9 ! /EEL 9DU/RY BECAUSE =EIGN 
LABOR]S ACCU/OM$ TO LONG H\RS & 9DU/RI\S LIVES1 W\LD LEAVE 
! EMPLOY ( ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES ,/EEL ,CORPORATION & WORK ELSE:]E IF 
!Y W]E PUT ON A %ORT] WORKDAY6 
   ,A,M,],I,C,A,N 0,C,O,O,L,I,E0 ,L,A,B,O,R 
    

,?IS 
IS ! MORE AMAZ+1 :5 WE CONSID] ?AT ! SORT ( =EIGN LABOR 
?AT WORKS ! LONGE/1 ! PROV]BIALLY OV]/RA9$1 SWEAT$1 
0COOLIE0 LABOR ( ,*9A1 DOES NOT WORK ANY LONG] ?AN ,G>Y'S /EEL 
MILL SLAVES4 ,9 FACT1 /ATI/ICS PR9T$ BY ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES 
,GOV]NM5T 9 ! ,MON?LY ,LABOR ,REVIEW1 %[ ?AT 9 ! FIVE GREAT 
9DU/RIAL C5T]S ( ,*9A1 ! H\RS ( WORK >E JU/ AB\T :AT !Y 
>E UND] ! CAPITALI/ MA/]S 9 ,AM]ICA3 ?AT IS1 !Y RUN FROM 
EI<T TO TWELVE4 ,9 FACT1 !Y EXCE$ ! TWELVE-H\R LIMIT ONLY 9 
CASES ( B>B]S & :AT ! REPORT T]MS 0BACK-SCRAT*]S40 ,!SE 
WORK ?IRTE5 H\RS4 ,N[1 EV]YBODY ADMITS ?AT 0COOLIE0 LABOR IS 
EXPLOIT$4 ,BUT NOT EV]YBODY /OPS TO ?9K ?AT ANYONE WORK+ 9 
,AM]ICA IS WORK+ UND] 0COOLIE0 CONDITIONS1 & IS P]IL\SLY CLOSE 
TO ! 0BACK-SCRAT*]0 /ATUS1 9 SOME 9DU/RIES1 TOO4 
    

,IT 
IS NOT NECESS>Y TO GO 9TO FUR!R DETAIL TO %[ ?AT ! CAPITALI/ 
CLASS IS ANXI\S & EAG]1 ALL OV] ! WORLD1 TO MAKE ! WORKDAY AS 
LONG AS POSSIBLE4 ,& ! REASONS IT GIVES >E EXCUSES1 NO?+ MORE1 
& %\LD BE DISREG>D$ BY 9TELLIG5T WORK]S4 
    

,N[1 :AT 
IS ! REAL REASON8 ,:Y1 IT'S JU/ ?IS3 ,Y\ REALLY WORK = A LIV+1 
& Y\ MU/ WORK LONG 5\< TO PRODUCE ! VALUE ( ?AT LIV+4 ,SO 
F>1 Y\ & Y\R BOSS >E 9 ACCORD4 ,BUT AFT] ?AT1 ! LESS WORK Y\ 
DO ! BETT] = Y\4 
    

,Y\R BOSS LOOKS AT ?IS DIFF]5TLY4 
,HE IS NOT JU/ 9T]E/$ 9 KEEP+ Y\ ALIVE1 HE WANTS SOME?+ = 
HIMSELF--:I* HE HAS NO 9T5TION ( WORK+ =4 ,HE WANTS Y\ TO WORK 
= IT4 
    

,EV]Y H\R ?AT Y\ PUT 91 OV] & ABOVE :AT 
PROVIDES = Y\R LIV+1 IS CLE> PR(IT = ! BOSS1 OR SOMEONE 9 
HIS CLASS4 ,HE DOESN'T PAY Y\ A C5T = IT4 ,AS LONG AS Y\ >E H&+ 
\T PRES5TS LIKE ?IS TO HIM1 HE W\LD BE A FOOL NOT TO 5C\RAGE Y\1 
CAJOLE Y\1 TRICK Y\ OR BULLY Y\ 9TO GIV+ AS MU* TIME TO HIM AS 
HE CAN MAKE Y\ GIVE4 ,BUT Y\ >E A FOOL IF Y\ GIVE IT4 ,Y\R 9T]E/S 
>E DIFF]5T4 
   ,L,O,N,G ,H,\,R,S3 ,S,U,D,D,5 ,D,E,A,? 
    

,DO Y\ 
REALIZE H[ EXCE$+LY DIFF]5T !Y >E8 ,IT IS NOT JU/ ?AT Y\ 
LOSE ! TIME Y\ PRES5T TO ! EMPLOY]4 ,!RE IS ANO!R SIDE4 ,9 
#a#i#a#g1 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES ,PUBLIC ,HEAL? ,S]VICE CONDUCT$ A S]IES ( 
9VE/IGATIONS 9 REG>D TO 9DU/RIAL ACCID5TS4 ,!IR FIR/ REPORT 
APPE>$ 9 #a#i#b4 ,!Y CONSID]$ PR9CIPALLY ! QUE/ION ( FATIGUE 
7TIR$NESS71 9 ITS RELATION TO RISK ( ACCID5TS1 & !Y F\ND ?AT 
ACCID5TS P] UNIT ( PRODUCT 9CREAS$ 9 A /EADY RATIO RI<T ?R\< 
FROM ! FIF? H\R TO ! LA/1 EXCEPT = A P]IOD JU/ AFT] ! 
NOON RE/4 ,MOREOV]1 NE>LY ALL ( ! ACCID5TS TOOK PLACE BETWE5 ! 
SIX? H\R ( WORK & ! T5?4 
    

,N[ ! NUMB] ( ACCID5TS 
9 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES 9 ! ONE YE>1 #a#i#b1 WAS #g#e1#i#h#c1 OR MORE ?AN 
! POPULATION ( SOME ( ! WE/]N /ATES1 &--! NUMB] ( 
9JURIES1 %ORT ( DEA?1 WAS #b114 
    

,NO MATT] H[ MU* 
Y\ LIKE Y\R BOSS1 Y\ DON'T WANT TO GIVE HIM Y\R LIFE1 DO Y\8 ,Y\ 
DON'T EV5 WANT TO GIVE HIM A LEG OR AN >M OR AN EYE1 DO Y\8 ,WELL1 
!N1 WORK AS SL[ AS POSSIBLE AFT] ! SIX? H\R4 
    

,DO Y\ 
?9K ?AT ! 9DU/RIES CAN'T RUN IF Y\ FUNCTION = ONLY SIX H\RS8 
,LORD ,LEV]HULME ( ,5GL&1 A WEAL?Y CAPITALI/ & AN AU?ORITY ON 
ECONOMICS1 /ATES ?AT ! 9DU/RIES CAN MAKE A L>GE PR(IT = ! 
EMPLOY] ON ! SIX-H\R WORKDAY4 ,HE HITS ! NAIL ON ! HEAD :5 HE 
SAYS1 0,IF A MA*9E WE>S \T 9 HALF ! PRES5T NORMAL TIME1 ! 
WORLD IS RI*]1 = A NEW MA*9E HAS TO BE MADE TO REPLACE IT1 & 
?AT MEANS MORE WORK = ! WORKMAN1 & MORE PAY = HIS WORK--BUT IF 
A MAN WE>S \T 9 HALF ! TIME1 ! WORLD IS POOR]1 & ?AT NE$S 
NO DEMON/RATION4 ,TWO SIX-H\R %IFTS >E MORE PR(ITABLE ?AN ONE 
EI<T-H\R %IFT 9 ALL 9DU/RIES :]E OV]HEAD IS GREAT] ?AN LABOR 
CO/1 = EXAMPLE1 9 COAL M9+40 
   ,S,U,P,P,R,E,S,S,+ ,A ,C,A,P,I,T,A,L,I,/ ,S,C,A,B 
    

,LEV]HULME 
PUT HIS !ORY 9TO PRACTICE1 & DID NOT GO BROKE4 ,BUT Y\ DON'T HE> 
MU* AB\T HIM ANY MORE4 ,! ,CAPITALI/ CLASS REG>DS HIM AS A SCAB4 
,! CAPITALI/ CLASS REALIZES :AT Y\ WILL SEE 9 A MOM5T1 IF Y\ 
/OP & ?9K1 !RE IS MORE 9 ?IS BUS9ESS ?AN EV5 ! DIRECT 
GIFT ( Y\R LABOR TO ! EMPLOY]4 ,EV5 9 ?AT CLASS ( 9DU/RIES 
:]E ! EMPLOY] W\LD PR(IT BY A CUT ( H\RS FROM EI<T TO SIX1 
! ?+ ISN'T DONE4 ,! QUE/ION ( WAGES COMES 94 ,IF WAGES >E TO 
BE KEPT L[1 IT IS NECESS>Y = ! EMPLOY] ?AT !RE %\LD BE SOME 
UNEMPLOY$ M5 ALL ! TIME4 
    

,LET US TAKE MANUFACTUR+1 = 
EXAMPLE4 ,9 ! LA/ ,U4 ,S4 C5SUS REPORTS 7#a#i#b71 IT /ATES ?AT !RE 
>E #a#b1#h#a#h1#e#b#d WAGE WORK]S 5GAG$ 9 MANUFACTUR+4 
    

,N[ 
!SE M5 WORK ON ! AV]AGE N9E H\RS A DAY4 ,!Y MANUFACTURE 
EV]Y?+ ALL ! RE/ ( ! WORK]S CAN BUY1 & A LOT MORE :I* 
! EMPLOY]S HAVE TO %[ AS A PR(IT4 ,9 ?IS SAME YE> 7#a#i#b71 ! 
,UNIT$ ,/ATES ,BUREAU ( ,LABOR ,/ATI/ICS REPORT$ ?AT !RE W]E 
#d11 M5 :O WANT$ TO WORK & C\LDN'T4 ,9 #a#i#b#a1 ! NUMB] ( 
! UNEMPLOY$ HAD GR[N TO SEV5 MILLION4 
    

,H[ DID ?IS 
AFFECT Y\8 ,Y\ MI<T HAVE BE51 ( C\RSE1 ONE ( ?OSE UNEMPLOY$1 
& CONSEQU5TLY MIS]ABLE4 ,BUT IF Y\ HAD A JOB1 Y\ REMEMB]1 DON'T 
Y\1 ?AT ?IS WAS A TIME ( FALL+ WAGES4 ,Y\ W]E HELPLESS TOO1 
BECAUSE Y\ C\LDN'T PROTE/4 ,!RE WAS A HUNGRY UNEMPLOY$ MAN WAIT+ 
& READY TO SNAT* Y\R JOB1 IF Y\ W]E NOT PROP]LY S]VILE TO ! 
BOSS4 
   ,A ,%,O,R,T ,W,O,R,K,D,A,Y ,M,E,A,N,S ,V,I,C,T,O,R,Y 
    

,! PROGRESS 
( LABOR1 9 ANY WAY1 EI!R T[>DS BETT] CONDITIONS OR BETT] WAGES1 
DEM&S ! ELIM9ATION ( ! UNEMPLOY$4 ,?IS CAN BE DONE ONLY BY 
%ORT5+ ! WORK DAY4 ,! NORMAL WORK DAY IS N[ AB\T N9E H\RS4 
,CUT IT TO SIX4 ,!RE WILL /ILL HAVE TO BE AS MU* PRODUCT AS BE=E4 
,! BOSS WILL HAVE TO HIRE SOME MORE M54 
    

,SUPPOSE ?AT 9 
#a#i#b1 ! MANUFACTUR]S HAD BE5 =C$ TO HIRE ONE ?IRD MORE M51 
BECAUSE ( ! SUB/ITUTION ( A SIX H\R DAY = ! N9E H\R DAY4 
,! F\R MILLION UNEMPLOY$ W\LD HAVE F\ND JOBS4 ,EV5 9 ! P]IOD 
( GREATE/ UNEMPLOYM5T1 #a#i#b#a-#b#b1 ALL ! 9DU/RIES ( ,AM]ICA1 
EMPLOY+ APPROXIMATELY #b#d11 M51 C\LD HAVE MADE GOOD JOBS = 
ALL ! SEV5 MILLION UNEMPLOY$1 BY SIMPLY R$UC+ ! L5G? ( ! 
WORK+ DAY FROM N9E H\RS TO SIX4 ,AS ,LEV]HULME HAS PROV$1 ! BOSS 
W\LD HAVE MADE A PR(IT EV5 !N4 ,& HE DOESN'T DES]VE A PR(IT4 
    

,ONE 
MORE ?+4 ,9 A SIX H\R DAY1 ! BOSS WILL F9D ?AT BIGG] & 
BETT] MA*9]Y IS NE$$ TO TAKE ! PLACE ( ! M5 :O US$ TO BE 
SO *EAP4 ,AS SOON AS ?AT IS 9/ALL$1 Y\ CAN CUT ! H\RS SOME 
MORE4 ,! DAYS :5 Y\ W]E NE>LY 9 ! 0BACK-SCRAT*]0 CLASS WILL 
BE GONE =EV]1 IF--,YES1 IF Y\ FI<T RI<T N[ = A SIX H\R DAY4 
    

,Y\ 
CAN DO SOME?+ 9DIVIDUALLY3 Y\ CAN REFUSE TO WORK = LONG] ?AN 
SIX H\RS4 ,BUT ?AT'S ! H>D WAY4 ,BETT] UNITE ) M5 :O BELIEVE 
AS Y\ DO4 ,TWO HEADS >E BETT] ?AN ONE4 ,! ,9DU/RIAL ,WORK]S ( ! 
,WORLD 9VITES Y\ TO GET 9 T\* ) !M1 #aa ,WE/ ,MADISON ,/41 
,*ICAGO1 & CO-OP]ATE 9 ! MATT]4 
    

,?9K ?IS OV]4 
   
     
   
    

  
   ,P,R,E,A,M,B,L,E ,( ,! ,9,D,U,/,R,I,A,L ,W,O,R,K,],S ,( ,! ,W,O,R,L,D 
    

,! 
WORK+ CLASS & ! EMPLOY+ CLASS HAVE NO?+ 9 COMMON4 ,!RE CAN 
BE NO PEACE SO LONG AS HUNG] & WANT >E F\ND AMONG MILLIONS ( 
WORK+ PEOPLE & ! FEW1 :O MAKE UP ! EMPLOY+ CLASS1 HAVE ALL 
! GOOD ?+S ( LIFE4  
    

,BETWE5 !SE TWO CLASSES A 
/RUGGLE MU/ GO ON UNTIL ! WORK]S ( ! WORLD ORGANIZE AS A CLASS1 
TAKE POSSESSION ( ! E>? & ! MA*9]Y ( PRODUCTION1 & 
ABOLI% ! WAGE SY/EM4  
    

,WE F9D ?AT ! C5T]+ ( 
MANAGEM5T ( ! 9DU/RIES 9TO FEW] & FEW] H&S MAKES ! TRADE 
UNIONS UNABLE TO COPE ) ! EV] GR[+ P[] ( ! EMPLOY+ 
CLASS4 ,! TRADE UNIONS FO/] A /ATE ( AFFAIRS :I* ALL[S ONE SET 
( WORK]S TO BE PITT$ AGA9/ ANO!R SET ( WORK]S 9 ! SAME 
9DU/RY1 !REBY HELP+ DEFEAT ONE ANO!R 9 WAGE W>S4 ,MOREOV]1 
! TRADE UNIONS AID ! EMPLOY+ CLASS TO MISLEAD ! WORK]S 9TO 
! BELIEF ?AT ! WORK+ CLASS HAVE 9T]E/S 9 COMMON ) !IR 
EMPLOY]S4  
    

,!SE CONDITIONS CAN BE *ANG$ & ! 9T]E/ 
( ! WORK+ CLASS UPHELD ONLY BY AN ORGANIZATION =M$ 9 SU* A 
WAY ?AT ALL ITS MEMB]S 9 ANYONE 9DU/RY1 OR 9 ALL 9DU/RIES IF 
NECESS>Y1 CEASE WORK :5EV] A /RIKE OR LOCK\T IS ON 9 ANY 
DEP>TM5T !RE(1 ?US MAK+ AN 9JURY TO ONE AN 9JURY TO ALL4  
    

,9/EAD 
( ! CONS]VATIVE MOTTO1 0,A FAIR DAY'S WAGE = A FAIR DAY'S WORK10 
WE MU/ 9SCRIBE ON \R BANN] ! REVOLUTION>Y WAT*WORD1 0,ABOLITION 
( ! WAGE SY/EM40  
    

,IT IS ! HI/ORIC MISSION ( ! 
WORK+ CLASS TO DO AWAY ) CAPITALISM4 ,! >MY ( PRODUCTION MU/ 
BE ORGANIZ$1 NOT ONLY = ! EV]YDAY /RUGGLE ) CAPITALI/S1 BUT 
ALSO TO C>RY ON PRODUCTION :5 CAPITALISM %ALL HAVE BE5 OV]?R[N4 
,BY ORGANIZ+ 9DU/RIALLY WE >E =M+ ! /RUCTURE ( ! NEW 
SOCIETY )9 ! %ELL ( ! OLD4  
    

,TRANSCRIB$ BY ,J4 ,D4 ,CRUT*FIELD FROM A SCAN ON ! ,MI*IGAN ,/ATE ,UNIV]SITY ,LIBR>IES WEB SITE1 ) GRATEFUL ACKN[L$GM5T4 

,FROM 3 ,M>XI/S4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,JANU>Y #a#i1 #bba 3 ,CUT ,D[N ,! ,H\RS ,( ,WORK6 -- ,ADD$4 
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