,DEMOCRATIC ,NATION 

#baf 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,ABDULLAH ,OCALAN 

,TEXT 3 

,=,E,W,O,R,D 

,! ,9T]NATIONAL ,9ITIATIVE 0,FRE$OM = ,ABDULLAH ,OCALAN - 
,PEACE 9 ,KURDI/AN0 /RIVES NOT ONLY TO PUBLI% ,ABDULLAH ,OCALAN'S WORKS 9 DIFF]5T LANGUAGES BUT ALSO TO PREP>E BRO*URES 
COMPIL$ FROM DIFF]5T BOOKS BY HIM ON SPECIFIC TOPICS4 ,?IS 
IS USEFUL & NECESS>Y NOT ONLY BECAUSE IT BR+S TOGE!R 
! *A9 ( >GUM5T ON A SPECIFIC TOPIC SPREAD OV] SEV]AL 
BOOKS1 BUT ALSO BECAUSE SOME ( HIS WORKS >E /ILL UNTRANSLAT$4 ,!RE=E1 ?IS BRO*URE %\LD ONLY BE REG>D$ AS A 
FRAMEWORK & CANNOT REPLACE ! P]USAL ( ! ACTUAL BOOKS4 

,OCALAN HAS BE5 HI<LY CRITICAL NOT ONLY ( CAPITALISM BUT 
ALSO ( REAL SOCIALI/ PRACTICES FROM V]Y E>LY ON1 S9CE ! 
#a#i#hS4 ,HE HAS EXAM9$ ! ISSUE ( WOM5'S FRE$OM1 ! 
PH5OM5A ( P[] & /ATE & H[ 9T]RELAT$ !Y ALL 
>E4 ,?IS HAS L$ HIM OV] & OV] AGA9 TO RETURN TO AN ANALYSIS ( HI/ORY TO TRY TO UND]/& H[ IT ALL HAPP5$4 ,9 
DO+ SO HE /UMBL$ OV] NATION1 /ATE & NATION-/ATE & 
H[ DETRIM5TAL !SE >E = ANY MOVEM5T2 TURN+ EV5 ! 
MO/ REVOLUTION>Y 9DIVIDUALS 9TO M]E PRACTITION]S ( CAPITALISM4 

,= ,ABDULLAH ,OCALAN IT IS NOT SUFFICI5T TO PRODUCE CRITIQUE 
& SELF-CRITIQUE4 ,HE FEELS COMPELL$ TO LAY \T :AT MI<T 
CON/ITUTE AN ALT]NATIVE TO ! WAY ( LIFE ?AT IS BE+ IMPOS$ ON SOCIETY4 ,T]E=E1 HE MAKES AN EF=T TO SY/EMIZE 
! LIVES & /RUGGLES ( ALL ?OSE OPPRESS$ & EXPLOIT$ 
?R\<\T HI/ORY1 AS WELL AS TO PROPOSE AN ALT]NATIVE MODEL 
& WAY ( LIFE \TSIDE ( CAPITALI/ MOD]NITY & ?US CLASSICAL CIVILIZATION4 

,!SE BRO*URES BECOME EV] MORE IMPORTANT 9 ! LI<T 
( DEVELOPM5TS 9 ! REGION AS WELL AS 9 ,KURDI/AN4 ,) 
! REVIVAL ( SECT>IAN & NATIONALI/ CONFLICT 9 MANY >EAS 
( ! WORLD & ! CONSEQU5CES ( AN AGGRESSIVE CAPITALISM 
CONFRONT+ ! WORLD1 ,OCALAN'S PROPOSALS & AN EVID5T EF=T TO IMPLEM5T !M 9 ,ROJAVA & ,BAKUR MI<T BE JU/ ! 
RI<T REM$Y = ! W>-/RICK5 REGION4 ,HE CALLS UPON EV]YBODY TO BUILD & DEF5D FREE LIFE & HUMANITY4 

,OCALAN'S VOICE IS TREM5D\SLY IMPORTANT AS A VOICE ( PEACE 
& REASON1 BUT IT IS ALL TOO (T5 SIL5C$ BY HIS SOLIT>Y CONF9EM5T ON ! ISOLAT$ ,IMRALI ,ISL& :]E HE IS IMPRISON$4 

,HIS FRE$OM IS 9 ! 9T]E/ ( ALL PEOPLES 9 ! ,MIDDLE ,EA/ 
- NOT ONLY = ! ,KURDS4 

 "9,9T]NATIONAL ,9ITIATIVE 

0,FRE$OM = ,ABDULLAH ,OCALAN - ,PEACE 9 ,KURDI/AN0"9 

#a4 ,9,T,R,O,D,U,C,T,I,O,N 

,! ,P,K,K'S /RUGGLE UNTIL N[ WAS ESS5TIALLY AIM$ AT MAK+ ! ,KURDI% QUE/ION VISIBLE4 ,TE D5IAL ( ,KURDI% REALITY 
DUR+ ! TIME ( ITS =MATION NATURALLY BR\<T ! QUE/ION ( EXI/5CE ON ! AG5DA4 ,TUS1 ! ,P,K,K AT FIR/ TRI$ 
TO PROVE ! EXI/5CE ( ! QUE/ION1 BY MEANS ( IDEOLOGICAL 
>GUM5TS4 ,TE CONT9UATION ( ?IS D5IAL BY ! LEFT ?R\< 
MORE REF9$ ME?ODS PLAC$ ON ! AG5DA ORGANIZ+ \RSELVES ON ! BASIS ( DI/9CT ID5TITIES & ACTIONS4 

,! ,TURKI% NATION-/ATE - :O 9SI/$ ON TRADITIONAL D5IAL 
& ANNIHILATION POLICIES - REFUS$ TO CONSID] ! POSSIBILITY 
( A POLITICAL SOLUTION DUR+ ?IS P]IOD4 ,ON ! CONTR>Y1 IT 
*OSE TO C\NT] ! ,P,K,K'S 9ITIATIVES ) A CAMPAIGN ( FASCI/ T]ROR ?AT L$ UP TO ! #ab ,SEPTEMB] C\P4 ,P,K,K'S DECL>ATION ( A REVOLUTION>Y PEOPLE'S W> EM]G$ AS ! ONLY VIABLE OPTION4 

,UND] !SE CONDITIONS1 ,P,K,K WAS EI!R GO+ TO 
WI!R AWAY1 LIKE ! O!R DEMOCRATIC LEFT GR\PS 9 ,TURKEY1 OR 
DECIDE ON RESI/ANCE4 ,TE DECISIVE FACTOR 9 ! TRANS=MATION 
( ! ,KURDI% QUE/ION FROM BE+ ONE ( IDEOLOGICAL ID5TITY 9TO A QUE/ION ( W> IS /ATE'S 9SI/5CE ON MA9TA9+ 
PREVI\SLY COV]T POLICIES ( D5IAL & ANNIHILATION ?R\< 
! OP5 T]ROR ( #ab ,SEPTEMB]4 ,IT W\LD BE MORE REALI/IC TO 
ANALYZE ! (F5SIVE ( #ae ,AUGU/ #aihd )9 ?IS FRAMEWORK4 

,SU* A MOVE IS MU* CLOS] TO ! OBJECTIVE ( PROV+ ! 
EXI/5CE ( ! ,KURDI% PEOPLE & PROTECT+ !IR EXI/5CE 
?AN ( BE+ A LIB]ATION MOVEM5T4 ,IT %\LD BE PO9T$ \T 
?AT1 9 ?IS REG>D1 IT HAS ATTA9$ A SIGNIFICANT SUCCESS4 

,! ,P,K,K1 :ILE PROV+ ,KURDI% EXI/5CE BEYOND ANY 
D\BT1 REMA9$ ROOT$ 9 NATION-/ATISM4 ,! 5SU+ P]IOD 
( SELF-CRITICISM REVEAL$ ! ANTI-SOCIALI/ & ANTI-DEMOCRATIC 
ESS5CE ( NATION-/ATISM4 ,! SPE$Y DISSOLUTION ( REAL SOCIALISM 9 ! #a#i#iS CONTRIBUT$ TO A DEEP] UND]/&+ ( ! 
UND]LY+ FACTORS BEH9D ! DEPRESSION4 ,! DISSOLUTION ( 
REAL SOCIALISM WAS CAUS$ BY P[] & REAL SOCIALI/ NATION- 
/ATE PROBLEMATICS4 ,TO BE MORE PRECISE1 ! CRISIS ( SOCIALISM 
WAS ! RESULT ( AN 9ADEQUATE UND]/&+ ( ! PROBLEM 
( P[] & ! /ATE4 ,:5 ! CONTRADICTIONS ( /ATE & 
P[]1 SET \T SO />KLY BY ! ,KURDI% QUE/ION1 COALESC$ 
) ! WID] GLOBAL CRISIS ( REAL SOCIALISM1 A COMPREH5SIVE 
ANALYSIS ( ! ISSUE ( ! /ATE & P[] BECAME 9EVITABLE4 

,TO ?IS 5D1 9 A SIGNIFICANT P>T ( MY DEF5SE1 ,I TRY TO 
ANALYZE ! /ATE & P[] ?R\<\T CIVILIZATIONAL HI/ORY4 

,I CONC5TRAT$ ON PRES5T+ ! TRANS=MATION ( ! PH5OM5A ( /ATE & P[] 9 ! CONTEXT ( CAPITALI/ MOD]NITY - ! PRES5T-DAY HEGEMONIC CIVILIZATION4 ,I SPECIFICALLY 
>GU$ ?AT ! TRANS=MATION ( P[] 9TO ! NATION-/ATE 
WAS ! BASIS ( CAPITALISM4 ,?IS WAS AN IMPORTANT !SIS4 ,I 
TRI$ TO DEMON/RATE ?AT 9 ! ABS5CE ( P[] BE+ ORGANIZ$ ?R\< ! NATION-/ATE MODEL1 CAPITALISM C\LD NOT 
HAVE BECOME ! NEW HEGEMONIC SY/EM4 ,! NATION-/ATE WAS 
! FUNDAM5TAL TOOL ?AT MADE CAPITALI/ HEGEMONY POSSIBLE4 

,!RE=E1 ,I TRI$ TO PROVE ?AT SOCIALISM1 AS ANTI-CAPITALISM1 
PRES5T+ ITSELF AS :AT ,I CALL 0HI/ORICAL-SOCIETY01 C\LD NOT 
E/ABLI% ITSELF AS BAS$ ON ! SAME /ATE MODEL1 9 O!R 
WORDS1 AS A REAL SOCIALI/ NATION-/ATE4 ,I TRI$ TO %[ ?AT ! 
IDEA ?AT SOCIALISM1 AS PROPOS$ BY ,M>X & ,5GELS1 C\LD 
ONLY BE CON/RUCT$ ?R\< C5TRAL NATION-/ATES WAS 9DE$ 
A FUNDAM5TAL DEFECT ( SCI5TIFIC SOCIALISM4 ,I W5T ON TO PRES5T ! !SIS ?AT SOCIALISM C\LD NOT BE CON/RUCT$ ?R\< 
! /ATE1 ESPECIALLY ! NATION-/ATE1 & ?AT AN 9SI/5CE 
ON ?IS C\LD ONLY RESULT 9 ! MO/ DEG5]ATE V]SIONS ( 
CAPITALISM AS EXP]I5C$ 9 MANY 9/ANCES1 BUT ESPECIALLY 9 
! ACTUALLY-EXI/+ SOCIALISM ( ,RUSSIA & ,*9A4 ,AS A NECESS>Y PRECURSOR TO ?IS !SIS1 ,I ANALYZ$ ! SY/EM ( C5TRAL 
CIVILIZATION ?R\<\T HI/ORY1 ! CONCEPT ( P[]1 & ! 
/RUCTURE ( CAPITALI/ MOD]NITY'S /ATE & P[] :I* IS ! 
PREVAL5T /RUCTURE UNIQUE TO \R ]A4 ,MY MA9 CONCLUSION WAS 
?AT SOCIALI/S C\LD NOT HAVE A NATION-/ATE PR9CIPLE4 ,RA!R1 
! SOLUTION TO ! NATIONAL QUE/ION %\LD BE BAS$ ON ! 
DEMOCRATIC NATION PR9CIPLE4 ,TE PRACTICAL EXPRESSION ( ?IS1 
AS ,I WILL TRY TO %[1 IS ! ,K,C,K - ! ,UNION ( ,DEMOCRATIC 
,COMMUNITIES 9 ,KURDI/AN - EXP]I5CE4 

,KURDI/AN1 9 A WAY1 HAS ALREADY BECOME ! FOCUS ( REVOLUTION & C\NT]-REVOLUTION 9 ! TW5TY-FIR/ C5TURY4 ,IT 
IS ! WEAKE/ L9K ( CAPITALI/ MOD]NITY4 ,TE NATIONAL & 
SOCIAL PROBLEMS ( ! PEOPLE ( ,KURDI/AN HAVE BECOME SO 
AGGRAVAT$ ?AT !Y CANNOT BE CONCEAL$ BY MEANS ( LIB]AL 
PRESCRIPTIONS OR ! DEMAGOGY ( 9DIVIDUAL OR CULTURAL RI<TS4 

,:5 IT COMES TO ! ,KURDI% QUE/ION1 NATION-/ATISM - 
:I* L$ TO DIFF]5T PRACTICES1 9CLUD+ CULTURAL G5OCIDE 
- IS NO LONG] A PROBLEM-SOLV]2 RA!R1 IT HAS LONG BE5 ! 
S\RCE ( ! PROBLEM1 BO? = ! OPPRESSOR & ! OPPRESS$4 ,NATION-/ATISM IS 9 DISSOLUTION & IT HAS EV5 BECOME A PROBLEM = CAPITALI/ MOD]NITY4 ,MORE FLEXIBLE DEMOCRATIC NATIONAL DEVELOPM5TS WILL SPE>HEAD ! ADVANCES ( 
\R ]A4 ,DEMOCRATIC MOD]NITY SIGNIFIES ! !ORETICAL EXPRESSION & ! PRACTICAL /EPS ( !SE ADVANCES4 ,! ,K,C,K1 AS ! 
CONCRETE EXPRESSION ( DEMOCRATIC NATIONAL TRANS=MATIONS 9 
,KURDI/AN1 %$S LI<T ON ! PA? ( DEMOCRATIC MOD]NITY 
SOLUTION 9 ! ,MIDDLE ,EA/4 

#b4 ,C,A,P,I,T,A,L,I,/ ,M,O,D,],N,I,T,Y ,& ,! ,N,A,T,I,O,N 

,! NATION1 AS A CONCEPT1 COMES AFT] 5TITIES SU* AS CLAN & 
TRIBE ) K9%IP 9 ! =M ( PEOPLE & NATIONALITY1 & IS 
A SOCIAL =M ?AT IS G5]ALLY *>ACT]IZ$ BY L+UI/IC OR CULTURAL SIMIL>ITIES4 ,NATIONAL COMMUNITIES >E MORE 9CLUSION>Y 
& HAVE L>G] CAPACITIES ?AN CLAN & PEOPLE'S COMMUNITIES2 
= ?IS REASON1 !Y >E HUMAN COMMUNITIES ) LOOS] TIES 
TO ONE ANO!R4 ,NATIONAL SOCIETY IS MORE ( A PH5OM5ON ( 
\R TIME4 ,IF A G5]AL DEF9ITION CAN BE (F]$1 IT IS A COMMUNITY ( ?OSE :O %>E A COMMON M9DSET4 ,9 O!R WORDS1 IT 
IS A PH5OM5ON ?AT EXI/S M5TALLY1 :I* !RE=E MEANS 
IT IS AN AB/RACT & IMAG9$ PH5OM5ON4 ,WE CAN ALSO CALL 
?IS A CULTURALLY DEF9$ NATION4 ,SOCIOLOGICALLY SPEAK+1 ?IS 
W\LD BE ! CORRECT DEF9ITION4 ,DESPITE DIFF]+ CLASS1 G5D]1 
COLOR1 E?NICITY & EV5 NATIONAL BACKGR\ND1 9 ! MO/ 
G5]AL S5SE1 ! =MATION ( A %>$ M9DSET & CULTURE IS 
5\< TO BE CLASSIFI$ AS A NATION4 

,9 ORD] TO REF9E ?IS G5]AL DEF9ITION ( NATION1 G5]AT$ 
CONCEPTS SU* AS /ATE NATION1 LEGAL NATION1 ECONOMIC NATION1 
MILIT>Y NATION >E DIFF]5T CATEGORIES ( NATIONALISM ?AT >E 
US$ TO UND]P9 ! UND]/&+ ( ?IS G5]AL DEF9ITION 
( NATION4 ,IT C\LD ALSO BE CALL$ 'P[] NATION'4 ,IT IS A FUNDAM5TAL ASPIRATION ( CAPITALI/ MOD]NITY TO BECOME A /RONG 
NATION2 = AS MU* AS A /RONG NATION PRODUCES CAPITAL PRIVILEGE1 A COMPREH5SIVE M>KET1 COLONIAL OPPORTUNITIES & IMP]IALISM4 ,IT IS1 !RE=E1 IMPORTANT NOT TO ACCEPT !SE ROBU/ 
V]SIONS ( ! NATION AS ! ONLY POSSIBLE MODEL ( A NATION4 

,9 FACT1 IT IS IMPORTANT TO SEE !SE P[] NATIONS AS NATIONS 9 
! S]VICE ( CAPITAL4 ,!SE >E ! QUALITIES ?AT MAKE IT ! 
S\RCE ( ! PROBLEM4 

,! MA9 PROBLEM 9 ! AGE ( MOD]NITY D]IVES FROM ! 
C\PL+ ( P[] & /ATE ) ! NATION4 ,:5 WE COMP>E ! PROBLEMS ( ?IS AGE ) ! PROBLEMS ( DICTATOR%IPS & DYNA/IC /ATES1 WE CAN SEE ?AT ! PROBLEMS ( ! 
AGE ( MOD]NITY D]IVE FROM ! /ATE NATION2 ?IS /ATE NATION 
IS ! BIGGE/ DIFF]5CE BETWE5 ! AGES4 ,! NATION-/ATE IS 
ONE ( ! MO/ CONVOLUT$ SUBJECTS )9 ! SOCIAL SCI5CES1 
YET IT IS PRES5T$ AS ! TOOL TO SOLVE ALL ! PROBLEMS ?AT FACE 
MOD]NITY1 LIKE A MAGIC W&4 ,9 ESS5CE1 IT ONLY MULTIPLIES SOCIAL PROBLEMS4 ,! REASON BE+1 IT SPREADS ! P[] APP>ATUS 
9TO ! CAPILL>IES ( SOCIETIES4 ,P[] ITSELF CREATES PROBLEMS - IT 
G5]ATES SOCIAL PROBLEMS BECAUSE ( ! POT5TIAL *>ACT] ( 
CAPITAL ?AT HAS BE5 ORGANIZ$ 9 ! =M ( =CE1 :I* RESULTS 9 SUPPRESSION & EXPLOITATION4 ,! HOMOG5E\S NATION 
SOCIETY TO :I* ! NATION-/ATE ASPIRES CAN ONLY CON/RUCT >TIFICIALLY 7SUPPOS$LY LEGAL7 EQUAL CITIZ5S1 *>G$ ) VIOL5CE 
AS A RESULT ( BE+ AMPUTAT$ BY P[]4 ,?IS CITIZ5 MAY BE 
EQUAL 9 ! EYES ( ! LAW1 BUT EXP]I5CES MAXIMUM 9EQUALITY 9 EV]Y ASPECT ( LIFE AS AN 9DIVIDUAL & COLLECTIVE 5TITY4 

,:5 ANALYZ+ ! !ORY ( NATION1 ANO!R ASPECT ?AT 
NE$S TO BE CRITICALLY EVALUAT$ IS ! SACRALIZATION & DEIFICATION ( ! NATION4 ,CAPITALI/ MOD]NITY HAS REPLAC$ TRADITIONAL RELIGION & GOD & CON/RUCT$ ! DEIFI$ NATION-/ATE4 

,IF WE 9T]PRET NATIONALISM AS ! RELIGION ( ! NATION-/ATE1 
!N WE CAN P]CEIVE ! NATION-/ATE ITSELF TO BE ! GOD ( 
?IS RELIGION4 ,TE /ATE ITSELF HAS BE5 CON/RUCT$ 9 ! AGE 
( MOD]NITY 9 ORD] TO 9CORPORATE ! ESS5CE ( M$IEVAL 
& EV5 ANTIQU>IAN CONCEPTUALIZATIONS ( DIV9ITY4 ,! PH5OM5ON CALL$ 'SECUL> /ATE' IS ! CON/RUCTION ( M$IEVAL 
& ANTIQU>IAN DIV9ITIES AS /ATE EI!R 9 :OLE OR 9 ESS5CE4 

,!RE %\LD BE NO MI/AKE H]E4 ,ONCE Y\ SCRAPE (F ! SECUL> OR MOD]N NATION-/ATE V5E]1 Y\ 5C\NT] ! DIV9E 
/ATE ( ANTIQUITY & ! M$IEVAL AGE4 ,!RE IS A /RONG CORRELATION BETWE5 /ATE & DIV9ITY4 ,9 ! SAME MANN]1 !RE 
IS A V]Y /RONG RELATION%IP BETWE5 ! RIS+ MON>* ( ANTIQUITY & ! M$IEVAL AGES & ! CONCEPT ( GOD4 ,AFT] 
! M$IEVAL AGE1 :5 ! MON>* LO/ HIS SIGNIFICANCE1 BO? 
AS AN 9DIVIDUAL & 9 T]MS ( ! MON>*Y1 & BEGAN 
TO 9/ITUTIONALIZE & TRANSMUTE 9TO ! NATIONAL /ATE1 ! 
GOD-MON>* WAS REPLAC$ BY ! NATION-/ATE GOD4 ,!RE=E1 
CAPITALI/ MOD]NITY'S IDEOLOGICAL HEGEMONY1 :I* MAKES ! 
ATTA9M5T ( MAXIMUM PR(IT POSSIBLE1 IS :AT UND]LIES ! 
SACRALIZATION ( CONCEPTS SU* AS ! HOMEL&1 NATION & 
M>KET1 TOGE!R ) A SIMIL> SACRALIZATION ( NATION-/ATE 
9/ITUTIONS4 ,TE LAW ( MAXIMUM PR(IT BECOMES MORE LEGITIMATE AS ! CONCEPTS RELAT$ TO ! NATION >E RELIGIONIZ$ BY 
! IDEOLOGICAL HEGEMONY & ?US VALIDAT$4 

,9 \R AGE1 ! USE ( NATION-/ATE SYMBOLS & FUNDAM5TAL 
SLOGANS SU* AS 0ONE FLAG01 0ONE LANGUAGE01 0ONE HOMEL&01 
0ONE /ATE01 0UNIT>Y /ATE01 & ! EXPRESSION ( NATIONAL 
*AUV9ISM >E RAMP$ UP & TURN$ 9TO A RITUAL AT EV]Y 
OPPORTUNITY1 ESPECIALLY AT SPORT+ EV5TS OR >T ACTIVITIES1 
%\LD BE 9T]PRET$ AS ! MEANS ( WOR%IP+ ! RELIGION ( NATIONALISM4 ,9 FACT1 ! PRACTICE ( WOR%IP 9 PREVI\S AGES S]V$ ! SAME PURPOSE4 ,! MA9 OBJECTIVE H]E IS 
TO VALIDATE ! 9T]E/S ( MONOPOLIES ( P[] & EXPLOITATION EI!R ?R\< CONCEAL+ OR LEGITIMIZ+ !M4 ,WE WILL 
BE BETT] ABLE TO UND]/& ! TRU? ( SOCIETAL REALITY ONCE 
WE 9T]PRET ALL ! PRACTICES & APPROA*ES ?AT S]VE TO HIDE 
OR EXAGG]ATE ALL ?+S RELAT$ TO ! NATION-/ATE UND] ?IS 
FUNDAM5TAL P>ADIGM4 

,! ORGANIZATION ( CAPITALI/ MOD]NITY AS NATION-/ATE PLAYS 
A MU* MORE SUPPRESSIVE & EXPLOITATIVE ROLE !N ITS ORGANIZATION AS AN ECONOMIC MONOPOLY4 ,TE 9ABILITY ( ,M>XISM1 
& SOCIOLOGY 9 G5]AL1 TO SEE ! NATION-/ATE'S RELATION%IP 
) SUPPRESSION & EXPLOITATION1 OR ITS PRES5TATION ( ! 
NATION-/ATE AS AN ORD9>Y 9/ITUTION ( ! SUP]/RUCTURE1 IS 
A FUNDAM5TAL FLAW & DI/ORTION4 ,:5 AN ANALYSIS ( CLASS 
& MAT]IAL CAPITAL IS MADE 9DEP5D5T ( ! NATION-/ATE1 
:AT'S BE+ PRODUC$ IS ! MO/ /ALE & AB/RACT G5]ALIZATION ?AT CANNOT G5]ATE A USEFUL SOCIAL RESULT4 ,TE ROLE PLAY$ 
BY ! CONSEQU5CES RELAT$ TO SU* AB/RACTIONS UND]LIES ! 
FAILURE ( REAL SOCIALISM4 

,?AT ! SOLUTION TO ALL NATIONAL & SOCIAL PROBLEMS IS 
L9K$ TO ! NATION-/ATE REPRES5TS ! MO/ TYRANNICAL ASPECT ( MOD]NITY4 ,TO EXPECT A SOLUTION FROM ! TOOL :I* 
IS ITSELF ! S\RCE ( PROBLEMS CAN ONLY LEAD TO ! GR[? 
( PROBLEMS & SOCIETAL *AOS4 ,CAPITALISM ITSELF IS ! MO/ 
CRISIS-RIDD5 /AGE ( CIVILIZATION4 ,TE NATION-/ATE1 AS ! TOOL 
DEPLOY$ 9 ?IS CRISIS-RIDD5 /AGE1 IS ! MO/ DEVELOP$ ORGANIZATION ( VIOL5CE 9 SOCIAL HI/ORY4 ,IT IS SOCIETY BESIEG$ BY 
! VIOL5CE ( P[]2 IT IS ! TOOL DEPLOY$ =CEFULLY TO HOLD 
TOGE!R SOCIETY & ! 5VIRONM5T AFT] !Y HAVE BE5 DIS9TEGRAT$ ?R\< 9DU/RIALISM & CAPITALISM'S LAW ( MAXIMUM PR(IT4 ,TE REASON BEH9D IT BE+ EXCESSIVELY *>G$ 
) VIOL5CE IS DUE TO ! CAPITALI/ SY/EM'S T5D5CY = 
MAXIMUM PR(IT & UN9T]RUPT$ ACCUMULATION4 ,)\T 
AN ORGANIZATION ( VIOL5CE LIKE ! NATION-/ATE1 ! LAWS ( 
CAPITALI/ ACCUMULATION C\LD NOT OP]ATE & 9DU/RIALISM 
C\LD NOT BE MA9TA9$4 ,TE SOCIETY & ! 5VIRONM5T 
>E ON ! BR9K ( TOTAL DIS9TEGRATION 9 ?IS PRES5T ]A ( 
GLOBAL F9ANCE CAPITALISM4 ,TE CRISES1 :I* W]E 9ITIALLY CYCLICAL1 HAVE N[ ATTA9$ A /RUCTURAL & P]MAN5T *>ACT]4 

,UND] !SE CIRCUM/ANCES1 ! NATION-/ATE ITSELF HAS TURN$ 
9TO AN OB/ACLE ?AT LOCKS ! SY/EM D[N COMPLETELY4 ,EV5 
CAPITALISM1 :I* IS A CRISIS-RIDD5 SY/EM ITSELF1 HAS MADE GETT+ RID ( ! OB/ACLE ( ! NATION-/ATE A PRIORITY4 ,! SOV]EIGNTY ( ! NATION-/ATE IS NOT ONLY ! CAUSE ( SOCIETAL 
PROBLEMS1 BUT IS ALSO ! MA9 OB/ACLE 9 ! WAY ( SOLUTIONS4 

,! !ORY ( DEMOCRATIC MOD]NITY1 ON ! O!R H&1 IS 
NOT ONLY CRITICAL ( CAPITALISM'S POLITICAL ECONOMY1 BUT ( ITS 
:OLE SY/EMATIC4 ,IT CRITICIZES ITS RELATION%IP ) CIVILIZATIONAL 
HI/ORY AS A HEGEMONIC SY/EM2 ! *ANGES IT HAS CAUS$ 9 
CITY1 CLASS & /ATE2 & ! ELEM5TS UPON :I* IT CON/RUCTS 
ITS MOD]NITY 9 ORD] TO UNCOV] ITS REALITY4 ,CAPITALI/ MOD]NITY CONT9U\SLY LEGITIMIZES ITSELF ?R\< ! IDEOLOGICAL 
HEGEMONY IT E/ABLI%ES OV] SCI5CE1 PHILOSOPHY & ! >TS4 

,BY 9/RUM5TALIS+ !SE FUNDAM5TAL FIELDS ( ?\<T & 
DRA9+ !M ( !IR CONT5T1 IT DEEP5S ITS DE/RUCTION ( 
SOCIETY4 

#c4 ,D,E,M,O,C,R,A,T,I,C ,M,O,D,],N,I,T,Y 

,! ALT]NATIVE MOD]NITY ( DEMOCRATIC NATION IS DEMOCRATIC 
MOD]NITY4 ,AN ECONOMY FREE ( MONOPOLISM1 AN ECOLOGY ?AT 
SIGNIFIES H>MONY ) ! 5VIRONM5T1 & A TE*NOLOGY 
?AT IS FRI5DLY TO NATURE & HUMANITY >E ! 9/ITUTIONAL 
BASES ( DEMOCRATIC MOD]NITY & ?US DEMOCRATIC NATION4 ,I 
AM NEI!R DISCOV]+ NOR 9V5T+ DEMOCRATIC MOD]NITY4 

,DEMOCRATIC MOD]NITY1 S9CE ! =MATION ( (FICIAL CIVILIZATION1 HAS ALWAYS EXI/$ AS ITS C\NT]P>T 9 A DI*OTOMY4 ,IT 
HAS EXI/$ :]EV] & :5EV] ! (FICIAL CIVILIZATION HAS 
EXI/$4 ,:AT ,I AM TRY+ TO DO1 ALBEIT AS A R\< \TL9E1 IS 
TO GIVE ?IS O!R =M ( MOD]NITY1 :I* EXI/S AT EA* LOCATION & TIME ( (FICIAL CIVILIZATION1 ! RECOGNITION IT DES]VES 
& (F] EXPLANATIONS 9 T]MS ( ITS MA9 DIM5SIONS4 ,I AM 
ALSO TRY+ TO UND]/& ITS FUNDAM5TAL =MS ( M9DSET1 ITS 
/RUCTURES & ITS EXI/+ SOCIETY & TO DEF9E !M4 ,!RE IS 
NO?+ BAFFL+ AB\T ! IDEA ?AT1 ACCORD+ TO DIALECTICS1 
!RE EXI/S A C\NT]P>T TO CIVILIZATION1 AL?\< ALLEG$ TO 
BE S+UL>1 AT ALL PLACES & P]IODS ?AT IT HAS EXI/$4 ,TO ! 
CONTR>Y1 ! BAFFL+ ?+ IS :Y ?IS MO/ NATURAL EQUIVAL5T 
( DIALECTICAL ME?OD HAS NOT BE5 SY/EMATICALLY >TICULAT$4 

,DEMOCRATIC MOD]NITY1 ?\< IT HAS *ANG$ =M ACCORD+ TO ! DIFF]5T ]AS1 HAS ALWAYS EXI/$ & IS A REALITY ?AT 
HAS ALWAYS HAD ITS [N C\NT] HI/ORY ?R\<\T CIVILIZATIONAL HI/ORY4 ,IT SIGNIFIES ! SY/EM ( ! UNIV]SAL HI/ORY ?AT 
IS \TSIDE ( ! =CES ( TYRANNY & EXPLOITATION4 ,KURDI% 
REALITY REPRES5TS A CULTURE ?AT HAS RECEIV$ ! SEV]E/ BL[S 
FROM CIVILIZATIONAL =CES & IS ! CULTURE ?AT HAS BE5 ATTACK$ BY =CES 9T5T ON EXT]M9AT+ IT4 ,!RE=E1 IT CAN 
ONLY REALIZE ITS EXI/5CE ?R\< A CIVILIZATION :I* IS \TSIDE 
! TRADITIONAL CLASS$ CIVILIZATION - ! DEMOCRATIC SOCIALI/ 
CIVILIZATION4 ,IF A MEAN+FUL ,KURDI% HI/ORY IS TO BE WRITT51 
IT CAN ONLY BE DONE SO )9 ?IS FRAMEWORK4 ,! PRES5T DAY 
EXPRESSION ( ?IS IS DEMOCRATIC MOD]NITY4 

,DEMOCRATIC MOD]NITY RESPONDS TO ! UNIV]SALI/1 L9E>1 
PROGRESSIVI/ & DET]M9I/ ME?ODOLOGY 7! ME?ODOLOGICAL APPROA* ?AT IS CLOS$ TO PROBABILITIES & ALT]NATIVES7 
DEPLOY$ BY ! MOD]N NATION-/ATE TO A*IEVE ! HOMOG5IZATION & H]DIFICATION ( SOCIETY ) ME?ODS ?AT >E PLURALI/IC1 PROBABILI/IC1 OP5 TO ALT]NATIVES & ?AT CAN MAKE ! 
DEMOCRATIC SOCIETY VISIBLE4 ,IT DEVELOPS ITS ALT]NATIVE ?R\< ITS 
PROP]TIES ( BE+ OP5 TO DIFF]5T POLITICAL =MATIONS1 MULTICULTURAL1 CLOS$ TO MONOPOLISM1 ECOLOGICAL & FEM9I/1 CREAT+ AN ECONOMIC /RUCTURE ?AT IS GR\ND$ 9 SATISFY+ SOCIETY'S 
FUNDAM5TAL NE$S & IS AT ! DISPOSAL ( ! COMMUNITY4 

,AS OPPOS$ TO CAPITALI/ MOD]NITY'S NATION-/ATE1 DEMOCRATIC 
CONF$]ALISM IS DEMOCRATIC MOD]NITY'S POLITICAL ALT]NATIVE4 

,DEMOCRATIC CONF$]ALISM IS ! BASIC POLITICAL =MAT ( 
DEMOCRATIC MOD]NITY1 REPRES5TS A VITAL ROLE 9 RECON/RUCTION 
WORK & IS ! MO/ APPROPRIATE TOOL = DEMOCRATIC POLITICS 
9 G5]AT+ A SOLUTION4 ,DEMOCRATIC CONF$]ALISM PRES5TS 
! OPTION ( A DEMOCRATIC NATION AS ! FUNDAM5TAL TOOL TO 
RESOLVE ! E?NIC1 RELIGI\S1 URBAN1 LOCAL1 REGIONAL & NATIONAL 
PROBLEMS CAUS$ BY ! MONOLI?IC1 HOMOG5E\S1 MONO*ROME1 FASCI/ SOCIAL MODEL IMPLEM5T$ BY MOD]NITY'S 
NATION-/ATE4 ,)9 ! DEMOCRATIC NATION EV]Y E?NICITY1 RELIGI\S UND]/&+1 CITY1 LOCAL1 REGIONAL & NATIONAL 5TITY 
HAS ! RI<T TO P>TICIPATE ) ITS [N ID5TITY & DEMOCRATIC F$]ATE /RUCTURE4 

#d4 ,D,E,M,O,C,R,A,T,I,C ,S,O,L,U,T,I,O,N 

,!RE HAVE ALWAYS BE5 ATTEMPTS TO SOLVE ! NATIONAL PROBLEMS CAUS$ BY CAPITALI/ MOD]NITY BY NATION-/ATI/ & NATIONALI/ M9DSETS & P>ADIGMS4 ,TE NATION-/ATE ITSELF HAS 
BE5 PRES5T$ AS ! MA9 ACTOR ( ! SOLUTION4 ,9 ORD] TO 
GA9 A TRUE UND]/&+ ( ! NATION-/ATE ONE MU/ UND]/& ITS PLACE 9 ! HEGEMONIC SY/EM & ITS L9KS TO CAPITALISM & 9DU/RIALISM4 ,TE 9ADEQUATE ANALYSIS ( ! QUE/ION 
( /ATE BY SOCIALI/ IDEOLOGY ONLY OBSCUR$ ! PROBLEM FUR!R4 ,H[EV]1 9 0! RI<T ( NATIONS TO SELF-DET]M9ATION01 
! VISION ( A /ATE = EV]Y NATION WAS FUNDAM5TAL 9 AGGRAVAT+ ! ISSUE EV5 MORE4 

,! ESS5CE ( MY DEF5SE IS TO RESE>* ! ,KURDI% REALITY & ,KURDI% PEOPLE'S EXI/5CE 9 RELATION TO CIVILIZATION 
& MOD]NITY4 ,! AIM IS TO EXPLA9 ?AT CAPITALISM WAS PRIM>ILY RESPONSIBLE = ! RISE ( ! ,KURDI% QUE/ION & 
TO SEP>ATE ! DEMOCRATIC ESS5CE ( ! SOLUTION FROM NATION-/ATISM = ! FIR/ TIME4 ,?IS APPROA* CON/ITUTES ! 
ESS5CE ( ! TRANS=MATION )9 ! ,P,K,K4 ,?IS DEF5SE 
EXPLA9S ! DIFF]5CE BETWE5 =MS ( /ATI/ & DEMOCRATIC 
SOLUTIONS ?AT HAVE NOT BE5 CL>IFI$ S9CE ! ,P,K,K'S GR\P 
PHASE4 ,?IS IS :]E IT DIFF]S FROM REAL SOCIALISM & ! CLASSIC ,M>XI/-,L59I/ DOCTR9E BEH9D IT4 ,IT TAKES ! RI<T ( 
NATIONS TO SELF-DET]M9ATION FROM ITS 5CLOSURE AS A B\RGEOIS 
RI<T1 & 9CLUDES IT )9 ! SCOPE ( SOCIETAL DEMOCRACY4 

,9 O!R WORDS1 ! ,KURDI% QUE/ION C\LD BE SOLV$ )\T 
BE+ CONTAM9AT$ BY /ATISM1 )\T GRAVITAT+ T[>DS A 
NATION-/ATI/ PURSUIT &1 )\T BE+ =C$ 9TO SOLUTIONS 
UND] !SE CATEGORIES1 IT C\LD BE RESOLV$ )9 DEMOCRATIC 
GOV]NANCE MODELS ( SOCIETY4 ,?IS IS ! ESS5CE ( ! TRANS- 
=MATION ( ! ,P,K,K4 

,! DEMOCRATIC SOLUTION MODEL IS NOT JU/ AN OPTION1 IT IS 
! PRIM>Y ME?OD = A*IEV+ A SOLUTION4 ,! DEMOCRATIC 
SOLUTION SIGNIFIES ! PURSUIT ( ! DEMOCRATIZATION ( SOCIETY 
\TSIDE ( ! NATION-/ATE4 ,AS A CONCEPT1 IT SEES ! NATION- 
/ATE1 ALONG ) CAPITALISM1 AS ! S\RCE ( EV] 9CREAS+ 
PROBLEMS & NOT ! SOLUTION 9 RELATION TO SOCIAL PROBLEMS4 

,ONE %\LD NOT ?9K ( ! DEMOCRATIC SOLUTION MODEL AS A 
UNIT>Y NATION-/ATE ?AT HAS BE5 TRANS=M$ 9TO A F$]AL OR CONF$]AL =M4 ,TE F$]AL OR CONF$]AL /ATE ( ! 
NATION-/ATE IS NOT ! DEMOCRATIC SOLUTION4 ,!SE >E SOLUTIONS 
?AT RELY ON DIFF]5T =MS ( ! /ATE1 & YET ONLY AGGRAVATE 
! PROBLEM4 ,P]HAPS ! TRANS=MATION ( A RIGIDLY C5TRALIZ$ NATION-/ATE 9TO F$]AL OR CONF$]AL =MS )9 ! 
CAPITALI/ SY/EM'S M9DSET MAY AMELIORATE PROBLEMS & (F] 
P>TIAL SOLUTIONS1 BUT IT CANNOT LEAD TO COMPREH5SIVE SOLUTIONS4 ,F$]AL & CONF$]AL =MS CAN BE DEPLOY$ AS POSSIBLE SOLUTIONS BETWE5 ! NATION-/ATI/ =CES & ! =CES 
= A DEMOCRATIC SOLUTION4 ,H[EV]1 TO EXPECT A DEEP-ROOT$ 
SOLUTION AS A RESULT WILL ONLY LEAD YET AGA9 TO SELF-DECEPTION4 

,9DE$1 WE KN[ ?AT /ATES DESCRIB$ AS NATIONAL LIB]ATIONI/ 
/ATES OR REAL SOCIALI/ /ATES >E JU/ NATION-/ATES ) A LEFTI/ 
MASK4 

,IT IS IMPORTANT TO NOTE ?AT ! DEMOCRATIC SOLUTION ME?OD 
IS NOT COMPLETELY 9DEP5D5T ( ! NATION-/ATE4 ,DEMOCRACY 
& ! NATION-/ATE CAN PLAY A ROLE UND] ! SAME POLITICAL 
RO( AS TWO AU?ORITIES4 ,A DEMOCRATIC CON/ITUTION CAN DET]M9E ! DOMA9 = EA* ( !M4 ,A POSITIVE TRANS=MATION ( ! NATION-/ATE IS CLOSELY L9K$ TO ! DEVELOPM5T 
( DEMOCRATIZATION1 DEMOCRATIC AUTONOM\S GOV]NANCE1 ! 
CON/RUCTION ( ! DEMOCRATIC NATION1 LOCAL DEMOCRACY & 
DEMOCRATIC CULTURE 9 ALL SOCIAL SPH]ES4 

,K,C,K %\LD BE EVALUAT$ AS A RADICAL TRANS=MATION 9 
! SOLUTION TO ! NATIONAL QUE/ION AS IT REPRES5TS ! NON- 
/ATI/ DEMOCRATIC 9T]PRETATION ( ! RI<T ( NATIONS TO SELF- 
DET]M9ATION = ! ,KURDI% QUE/ION4 ,K,C,K IS ! CONCRETE 
EXPRESSION ( ! DEMOCRATIC SOLUTION TO ! ,KURDI% QUE/ION 
& DIFF]S FROM TRADITIONAL APPROA*ES4 ,TE SOLUTION IS NOT REG>D$ AS TAK+ A %>E FROM ! /ATE4 ,IT IS NOT 9 ! PURSUIT 
( /ATE1 EV5 9 T]MS ( AUTONOMY = ! ,KURDS4 ,NOT ONLY 
DOES IT NOT AIM = A F$]AL OR CONF$]AL /ATE1 IT DOES NOT 
SEE !M AS ! SOLUTION4 ,ITS MA9 DEM& FROM ! /ATE IS 
= IT TO RECOGNIZE ! ,KURDI% PEOPLE'S RI<T TO SELF-GOV]NANCE 
& TO REMOVE ! OB/ACLES 9 ! WAY ( ! ,KURDI% PEOPLE BECOM+ A DEMOCRATIC NATION4 ,TE DEMOCRATIC SOLUTION 
CANNOT BE DEVELOP$ BY GOV]NM5TS OR /ATES4 ,SOCIETAL =CES 
>E !MSELVES SOLELY RESPONSIBLE = DEVELOP+ ! SOLUTION4 

,SOCIETAL =CES SEEK TO F9D A COMPROMISE ) ! GOV]NM5T 
OR ! /ATE ?R\< A DEMOCRATIC CON/ITUTION4 ,! %>+ 
( GOV]NANCE BETWE5 ! DEMOCRATIC SOCIETAL =CES & ! 
/ATE OR GOV]NM5T =CES IS DET]M9$ ?R\< CON/ITUTIONS4 

,ESS5TIALLY1 ! DEMOCRATIC SOLUTION IS ! /ATE ( BE+ A 
DEMOCRATIC NATION & ( SOCIETY CON/RUCT+ ITSELF AS A DEMOCRATIC NATIONAL 5TITY4 ,IT IS NEI!R BECOM+ A NATION NOR CEAS+ TO BE A NATION ?R\< ! /ATE2 IT IS ! ABILITY TO USE ! 
RI<T ( A SOCIETY TO CON/RUCT ITSELF AS A DEMOCRATIC NATION4 

,AT ?IS /AGE1 A NEW DEF9ITION ( ! NATION MU/ BE CREAT$4 

,FIR/1 IT IS WOR? NOT+ ?AT ! T]M NATION DOES NOT HAVE 
A S+LE DEF9ITION4 ,I T\*$ ON ?IS ABOVE4 ,! DEMOCRATIC 
NATION1 ON ! O!R H&1 IS ! COMMON SOCIETY =M$ BY 
! FREE-WILL ( FREE 9DIVIDUALS & COMMUNITIES4 ,! UNIFY+ 
FACTOR 9 ! DEMOCRATIC NATION IS ! FREE-WILL ( ! PEOPLE 
& ?OSE GR\PS :O DECIDE TO BELONG TO ?AT NATION4 ,! 
UND]/&+ ?AT B9DS ! NATION TO A COMMON LANGUAGE1 
CULTURE1 M>KET OR HI/ORY IS DESCRIPTIVE ( /ATE-NATIONS & 
CANNOT BE G5]ALIZ$1 ?AT IS1 IT CANNOT BE R$UC$ TO A S+LE 
UND]/&+ ( ! NATION4 ,?IS UND]/&+ ( NATION1 
:I* WAS ALSO ACKN[L$G$ BY REAL SOCIALISM1 IS ! OPPOSITE 
( DEMOCRATIC NATION4 ,?IS DEF9ITION1 AS DEVELOP$ BY ,/AL9 
= ,SOVIET ,RUSSIA1 IS ONE ( ! MA9 REASONS = ! DISSOLUTION 
( ! ,SOVIET ,UNION4 ,IF ?IS DEF9ITION ( NATION1 ABSOLUTIS$ BY 
CAPITALI/ MOD]NITY1 IS NOT AB&ON$1 !N ! SOLUTION TO ALL 
NATIONAL PROBLEMS WILL CONT9UE TO CONFRONT AN IMPASSE4 ,! 
FACT ?AT NATIONAL PROBLEMS HAVE P]SI/$ = ! PA/ ?REE 
C5TURIES IS CLOSELY L9K$ TO ?IS 9ADEQUATE & ABSOLUTE DEF9ITION4 

#e4 ,! ,D,E,M,O,C,R,A,T,I,C ,N,A,T,I,O,N ,M,O,D,E,L 

,= SOCIETIES ! NATION-/ATE MODEL IS NO?+ BUT A PITFALL & 

NETWORK ( SUPPRESSION & EXPLOITATION4 ,TE DEMOCRATIC NA- 

TION CONCEPT REV]SES ?IS DEF9ITION4 ,TE DEF9ITION ( A DEMO- 

CRATIC NATION ?AT IS NOT B\ND BY RIGID POLITICAL B\ND>IES1 

ONE LANGUAGE1 CULTURE1 RELIGION & 9T]PRETATION ( HI/ORY1 

SIGNIFIES PLURALITY & COMMUNITIES AS WELL AS FREE & EQUAL 

CITIZ5S EXI/+ TOGE!R & 9 SOLID>ITY4 ,! DEMOCRATIC NATION ALL[S ! PEOPLE TO BECOME A NATION !MSELVES1 )\T 
RE/+ ON P[] & /ATE1 BECOM+ A NATION ?R\< MU* 
NE$$ POLITICIZATION4 ,IT AIMS TO PROVE ?AT NOT ONLY ?R\< 
POLITICIZATION BUT ALSO1 9 ! ABS5CE ( BECOM+ A /ATE OR 
ACQUIR+ P[]1 A NATION CAN BE CREAT$ ) AUTONOM\S 9/ITUTIONS 9 ! SOCIAL1 DIPLOMATIC1 & CULTURAL SPH]ES AS WELL 
AS 9 ECONOMY1 LAW & SELF-DEF5SE1 & ?US BUILD ITSELF AS A 
DEMOCRATIC NATION4 

,DEMOCRATIC SOCIETY CAN ONLY BE REALIZ$ ?R\< SU* A NATION MODEL4 ,TE NATION-/ATE SOCIETY IS CLOS$ TO DEMOCRACY 
BY ITS V]Y NATURE4 ,TE NATION-/ATE REPRES5TS NEI!R A UNIV]SAL NOR A LOCAL REALITY2 ON ! CONTR>Y1 IT DISAV[S UNIV]SALITY & LOCALITY4 ,! CITIZ5%IP ( AN UNI=MIZ$ SOCIETY 
REPRES5TS ! DEA? ( ! HUMAN4 ,ON ! O!R H&1 ! 
DEMOCRATIC NATION MAKES ! RECON/RUCTION ( UNIV]SALITY & LOCALITY POSSIBLE4 ,IT 5ABLES SOCIETAL REALITY TO EXPRESS 
ITSELF4 ,ALL O!R DEF9ITIONS ( NATION LIE BETWE5 !SE TWO 
MA9 MODELS4 

,AL?\< !RE IS A WIDE RANGE ( DEF9ITIONS = NATION- 
BUILD+ MODELS1 AN ALL-5COMPASS+ DEF9ITION IS ALSO POSSIBLE2 & ?IS IS ! DEF9ITION ( NATION 9 RELATION TO ITS 
M9DSET1 CONSCI\SNESS & BELIEF4 ,9 ?IS CASE1 ! NATION IS A 
COMMUNITY ( PEOPLE :O %>E A COMMON M9DSET4 ,9 SU* A 
DEF9ITION ( NATION LANGUAGE1 RELIGION1 CULTURE1 M>KET1 HI/ORY 
& POLITICAL BORD]S DO NOT PLAY A DECISIVE BUT A BODILY ROLE4 

,DEF9+ NATION ESS5TIALLY AS A C]TA9 M9DSET GIVES IT A DYNAMIC *>ACT]4 ,:]EAS 9 /ATE'S NATION NATIONALISM LEAVES 
ITS M>K ON ! COMMON M9DSET1 9 A DEMOCRATIC NATION IT IS 
! CONSCI\SNESS ( FRE$OM & SOLID>ITY4 ,H[EV]1 DEF9+ 
NATIONS ONLY ?R\< !IR M9DSET W\LD BE 9COMPLETE4 ,JU/ 
AS M9DSETS CANNOT EXI/ )\T BODIES1 NATIONS TOO CANNOT 
FUNCTION )\T A BODY4 ,TE BODY ( NATIONS ) A NATIONALI/ M9DSET IS ! /ATE 9/ITUTION4 ,TIS IS :Y SU* NATIONS >E 
CALL$ ! /ATE-NATION4 ,:5 LEGAL & ECONOMIC 9/ITUTIONS 
\TWEI< ! RE/1 !SE NATIONS CAN BE DIFF]5TIAT$ BY CATEGORIZ+ !M AS LAW OR M>KET NATIONS4 

,NATIONS ) A M9DSET BAS$ ON FRE$OM & SOLID>ITY EXEMPLIFY DEMOCRATIC AUTONOMY4 ,DEMOCRATIC AUTONOMY ESS5TIALLY D5OTES ! SELF-GOV]NANCE ( COMMUNITIES & 9DIVIDUALS :O %>E A SIMIL> M9DSET ?R\< !IR [N WILL4 ,?IS 
C\LD ALSO BE CALL$ DEMOCRATIC GOV]NANCE OR AU?ORITY4 ,IT IS A 
DEF9ITION OP5 TO UNIV]SALITY4 ,A NATION MODEL ?AT CAN BE D]IV$ FROM CULTURE NATION1 BUT CURBS & EXCLUDES EXPLOITATION 
& SUPPRESSION1 IS A DEMOCRATIC NATION MODEL4 ,A DEMOCRATIC 
NATION IS ! NATION CLOSE/ TO FRE$OM & EQUALITY4 ,& 9 ACCORDANCE ) ?IS DEF9ITION1 ?IS IS ! IDEAL UND]/&+ ( NATION = COMMUNITIES :O /RIVE = FRE$OM & EQUALITY4 

,CAPITALI/ MOD]NITY & ! SCI5CE ( SOCIOLOGY ?AT IT HAS 
9SPIR$ HAVE NOT DEALT ) ! CONCEPT ( ! DEMOCRATIC 
NATION DUE TO !IR /RUCTURE & IDEOLOGICAL HEGEMONY4 ,! 
DEMOCRATIC NATION IS NOT CONT5T ) A COMMON M9DSET & 
CULTURE1 IT IS A NATION ?AT UNIFIES & GOV]NS ALL ITS MEMB]S 
9 DEMOCRATIC AUTONOM\S 9/ITUTIONS4 ,?IS IS ITS DEF9+ 
QUALITY4 ,! DEMOCRATIC AUTONOM\S WAY ( GOV]NANCE IS 
! =EMO/ CONDITION ( BECOM+ A DEMOCRATIC NATION4 ,9 
?IS REG>D1 IT IS ! ALT]NATIVE TO ! NATION-/ATE4 ,DEMOCRATIC 
GOV]NANCE AS OPPOS$ TO /ATE GOV]NANCE IS A SIGNIFICANT OPPORTUNITY = FRE$OM & EQUALITY4 ,LIB]AL SOCIOLOGY EQUATES 
! NATION ESS5TIALLY EI!R TO AN ALREADY E/ABLI%$ /ATE1 OR 
TO A MOVEM5T ?AT AIMS TO E/ABLI% A /ATE4 ,TE FACT ?AT EV5 
REAL SOCIALISM HAD SU* AMBITIONS %[S ! /R5G? ( LIB]AL 
IDEOLOGY4 

,A COMMON HOMEL& & M>KET >E G5]ALLY PRES5T$ 
AS PRECONDITIONS = NATIONAL SOCIETIES2 !SE >E MAT]IAL COMPON5TS & CANNOT BE CONSID]$ TO BE DET]M9ANT *>ACT]I/ICS ( ! NATION4 ,TE DEMOCRATIC NATION'S UND]/&+ ( HOMEL& & M>KET >E DIFF]5T4 ,! DEMOCRATIC 
NATION VALUES ! HOMEL& BECAUSE IT IS A HUGE OPPORTUNITY 
= ! NATION'S M9DSET & CULTURE2 A M9DSET & CULTURE 
?AT DOES NOT KEEP ! HOMEL& 9 M9D CAN NOT BE ?\<T 
(4 ,H[EV]1 IT %\LD NOT BE =GOTT5 ?AT ! REASON :Y 
CAPITALI/ MOD]NITY FETI%IZES & PRIORITIZES ! C\NTRY- 
HOMEL& CONCEPT OV] SOCIETY IS PR(IT MOTIVAT$4 ,IT IS ALSO 
IMPORTANT NOT TO EXAGG]ATE ! HOMEL&4 0,EV]Y?+ = 
! C\NTRY0 D]IVES FROM A FASCI/IC UND]/&+ ( ! NATION4 ,IT IS MORE MEAN+FUL TO DEVOTE EV]Y?+ TO A FREE SOCIETY & A DEMOCRATIC NATION1 BUT ?IS %\LD NOT BE FETI%IZ$4 

,:AT REALLY MATT]S IS TO R5D] LIFE VALUABLE4 ,! HOMEL& 
ISN'T AN IDEAL1 IT IS M]ELY A TOOL = ! LIFE ( ! 9DIVIDUAL 
& ! NATION4 ,:ILE ! /ATE'S NATION PURSUES HOMOG5IZ$ 
SOCIETY1 ! DEMOCRATIC NATION MA9LY CONSI/S ( DIFF]5T COLLECTIVITIES4 ,IT SEES DIV]SITY AS RI*NESS4 ,LIFE ITSELF IS ONLY POSSIBLE ?R\< DIV]SITY4 ,TE NATION-/ATE =CES CITIZ5S TO BE 
UNI=M2 9 ?IS REG>D1 TOO1 IT IS CONTR>Y TO LIFE4 ,! ULTIMATE 
GOAL IS TO CREATE A ROBOTIC HUMAN4 ,9 ?IS S5SE1 IT ACTUALLY RUNS 
T[>DS NO?+NESS4 ,! CITIZ5 OR MEMB] ( DEMOCRATIC NATION IS DIFF]5T1 ?IS DIFF]5CE IS DUE TO ! DIV]SE COMMUNITIES IT EMBODIES4 ,TRIBAL 5TITIES >E A S\RCE ( /R5G? = ! 
DEMOCRATIC NATION4 

,AL?\< LANGUAGE IS AS IMPORTANT AS CULTURE 9 CREAT+ A NATION1 IT IS NOT A PRECONDITION4 ,DIFF]5T LANGUAGES >E NO OB/ACLE TO A S5SE ( BELONG+ TO ! SAME NATION4 ,JU/ AS IT IS UN- 
NECESS>Y = EV]Y NATION TO HAVE A /ATE1 IT IS ALSO UNNECESS>Y 
= EV]Y NATION TO HAVE A S+LE LANGUAGE OR DIALECT4 ,AL?\< 
A NATIONAL LANGUAGE IS NE$$1 IT IS NOT AN 9DISP5SABLE CONDITION4 ,IT IS POSSIBLE TO C\NT DIFF]5T LANGUAGES & DIALECTS AS 
A RI*NESS = A DEMOCRATIC NATION4 ,H[EV]1 ! NATION-/ATE 
BASES ITSELF ON A /RICT IMPOSITION ( A S+LE LANGUAGE4 ,IT DOES 
NOT EASILY GIVE MULTIL+UALISM1 ESPECIALLY (FICIAL MULTIL+UALISM1 A *ANCE TO BE PRACTIC$4 ,9 ?IS REG>D1 IT TRIES TO B5EFIT FROM ! PRIVILEGES ( BE+ ! DOM9ANT NATION4 

,:5 DEMOCRATIC NATIONS >E UNABLE TO DEVELOP & NATION- 
/ATISM IS UNABLE TO RESOLVE PROBLEMS IT IS POSSIBLE TO TALK ( 
A LAW NATION AS A CONCEPT & TO F9D A COMPROMISE4 ,:AT 
IS MEANT BY 0CON/ITUTIONAL CITIZ5%IP0 IS ACTUALLY A SOLUTION BAS$ ON LAW NATION4 ,A CON/ITUTIONALLY GU>ANTE$ LEGAL 
CITIZ5%IP DOES NOT DISCRIM9ATE BETWE5 RACE1 E?NICITY & 
NATIONALITY4 ,!SE *>ACT]I/ICS DO NOT ACCORD RI<TS4 ,9 ?IS 
REG>D1 0LAW NATION0 IS A DEVELOP+ CATEGORY4 ,EUROPEAN NATIONS 9 P>TICUL> >E TRANSITION+ FROM NATIONALITY NATIONS TO 
LAW NATIONS4 ,9 DEMOCRATIC NATIONS1 AUTONOM\S GOV]NANCE IS 
FUNDAM5TAL2 9 A LAW NATION1 RI<TS >E FUNDAM5TAL4 ,:]EAS 
9 ! NATION-/ATE1 IT IS ! RULE ( P[] ?AT IS DECISIVE4 ,! 
MO/ DANG]\S NATION TYPE IS ! '>MY-NATION' M9DSET & 
ITS 9/ITUTIONALIZATION4 ,AL?\< IT MAY SEEM AS IF IT REPRES5TS 
A /RONG NATION1 9 ESS5CE IT IS ! MO/ DIFFICULT NATION TO 
LIVE 91 CONTA9+ A M9DSET ?AT ALWAYS IMPOSES DUTIES & 
LEADS TO FASCISM4 ,! ECONOMIC NATION IS A CATEGORY V]Y SIMIL> TO ! NATION-/ATE4 ,?IS UND]/&+ ( A NATION1 SE5 9 
C\NTRIES SU* AS ! ,U,S,A1 ,JAPAN & EV5 ,G]MANY1 :]E 
! ECONOMY IS GIV5 A LEAD+ ROLE1 WAS MORE PREVAL5T 9 
,EUROPE'S PA/4 ,AL?\< A SOCIALI/ NATION WAS ATTEMPT$1 IT 
CAN'T BE SAID ?AT IT WAS V]Y SUCCESSFUL4 ,?IS IS P>TIALLY :AT 
WE >E WITNESS+ 9 ,CUBA4 ,H[EV]1 ?IS EXAMPLE ( A NATION 
IS ALSO ! REAL SOCIALI/ =M ( ! NATION-/ATE2 9 PLACE ( A 
NATION-/ATE ) MO/LY PRIVATE CAPITALISM1 IT IS A NATION-/ATE 
=M ?AT CONTA9S MO/LY /ATE CAPITALISM4 

,! DEMOCRATIC NATION IS ! MODEL ( A NATION ?AT IS ! 
LEA/ EXPOS$ TO SU* ILLNESSES ( BE+ A /ATE NATION4 ,IT DOES 
NOT SACRALIZE ITS GOV]NM5T4 ,GOV]NANCE IS A SIMPLE PH5OM5ON ?AT IS AT ! S]VICE ( DAILY LIFE4 ,ANYONE :O MEETS 
! REQUIREM5TS CAN BECOME A PUBLIC S]VANT & GOV]N4 

,LEAD]%IP IS VALUABLE1 BUT NOT SACR$4 ,ITS UND]/&+ ( 
NATIONAL ID5TITY IS OP5-5D$1 NOT FIX$ LIKE BE+ A BELIEV] 
OR A MEMB] ( A RELIGION4 ,BELONG+ TO A NATION IS NEI!R A 
PRIVILEGE NOR A FLAW4 ,ONE CAN BELONG TO MORE ?AN ONE NATION4 
,TO BE MORE PRECISE1 ONE CAN EXP]I5CE 9T]TW9$ & DIFF]5T NATIONALITIES4 ,IF A LAW NATION & A DEMOCRATIC NATION 
REA* A COMPROMISE1 !Y CAN COM=TABLY COEXI/4 ,HOMEL&1 
FLAG & LANGUAGE >E ALL VALUABLE BUT NOT SACR$4 ,TO EXP]I5CE ! ADMIXTURE ( COMMON HOMEL&1 LANGUAGES & FLAGS 
?R\< AMITY & %>+ & NOT CONFRONTATION IS NOT ONLY 
POSSIBLE1 BUT NECESS>Y = HI/ORICAL-SOCIETY LIFE4 ,) ALL !SE 
*>ACT]I/ICS1 ! DEMOCRATIC NATION IS ONCE AGA9 TAK+ ITS 
PLACE 9 HI/ORY AS A ROBU/ ALT]NATIVE TO CAPITALI/ MOD]NITY'S 
MADD5+ 9/RUM5T ( W>2 NATION-/ATISM4 

,! DEMOCRATIC NATION MODEL1 AS A CON/RUCTIVE SOLUTION 
MODEL1 RE-DEMOCRATIZES ?OSE SOCIETAL RELATIONS ?AT HAVE BE5 
%ATT]$ BY NATION-/ATISM2 IT R5D]S DIFF]5T ID5TITIES TOL]ANT1 PEACEFUL & RECONCILIATORY4 ,TE EVOLUTION ( /ATE'S NATION 
9TO A DEMOCRATIC NATION WILL BR+ AB\T 5ORM\S GA9S4 ,TE 
DEMOCRATIC NATION MODEL AMELIORATES VIOL5CE LOAD$ SOCIAL 
P]CEPTIONS ?R\< A RI<T SOCIAL CONSCI\SNESS & R5D]S 
!M HUMANE 7A HUMAN BE+ :O IS 9TELLIG5T1 S5SITIVE 
& EMPA!TIC74 ,IT MAY NOT COMPLETELY ELIM9ATE SOCIAL ANTI 
PA?IES BUT IT CAN M9IMIZE ! VIOL5CE ( EXPLOITATION1 & 
HELP TO REALIZE ! POSSIBILITY ( A MORE EQUAL & FREE SOCIETY4 

,IT NOT ONLY FO/]S 9T]NAL PEACE & TOL]ANCE1 IT ALSO TRANSC5DS SUPPRESSIVE & EXPLOITATIVE APPROA*ES TO O!R NATIONS & TRANS=MS COMMON 9T]E/S 9TO SYN]GIES ?R\< 
:I* IT REALIZES ITS MISSION4 ,ONCE NATIONAL & 9T]NATIONAL 
9/ITUTIONS >E RECON/RUCT$ ACCORD+ TO ! FUNDAM5TAL 
M9DSET & 9/ITUTIONS ( ! DEMOCRATIC NATION1 IT WILL BE 
UND]/OOD ?AT ?IS NEW MOD]NITY1 DEMOCRATIC MOD]NITY1 
NOT ONLY !ORETICALLY BUT ALSO ITS IMPLEM5TATION HAS ! ATTRIBUTES ( A R5AISSANCE4 ,TE ALT]NATIVE TO CAPITALI/ MOD]NITY 
IS DEMOCRATIC MOD]NITY1 ) ! DEMOCRATIC NATION AT ITS 
CORE1 & ! ECONOMIC1 ECOLOGICAL & PEACEFUL SOCIETY IT HAS 
WOV5 )9 & \TSIDE ( ! DEMOCRATIC NATION4 

#e4#a ,KURDS ,BECOM+ A ,NATION 

,IT IS POSSIBLE TO ?9K ( ! PROCESS ?R\< :I* ,KURDS 
BECAME A NATION )9 ! CONTEXT ( TWO FUNDAM5TAL CONCEPTS4 

,! FIR/ IS ! 9TELLECTUAL DIM5SION4 ,WE >E TALK+ AB\T 
! DIM5SIONS ( EXI/5CE ( ?OSE :O UNITE !IR /ATE ( 
CONSCI\SNESS 9 RELATION TO !SE FUNDAM5TAL >EAS ?R\< 
A FEEL+ ( COMMON SOLID>ITY & %>+ AN 9TELLECTUAL 
WORLD )\T NEGLECT+ !IR [N LANGUAGE1 CULTURE1 HI/ORY1 
ECONOMY & POPULATION C5T]S4 ,TE MA9 CRIT]IA = ?IS DIM5SION IS TO %>E ! M9DSET ( ! IDEAL OR PROJECT ( A FREE 
& EQUAL WORLD BAS$ ON DIV]SITY4 ,WE CAN CALL ?IS WORLD ! 
COMMUNAL WORLD OR A UTOPIA ( FREE 9DIVIDUALS4 ,TE IMPORTANT ?+ IS TO CONT9U\SLY MA9TA9 A M9DSET ( FRE$OM 
& EQUALITY ?AT DOES NOT REJECT DIFF]5CES )9 ! PUBLIC 
SPH]E & ! MORAL & POLITICAL LIFE ( SOCIETY4 

,BECAUSE ! 9TELLECTUAL DIM5SION CONC]NS ! WORLD ( 
?\<T & IMAG9ATION AS WELL AS ! SOLID>ITY ( 9DIVIDUALS & COMMUNITIES WANT+ TO BECOME A NATION1 IT REQUIRES 
A LIMIT$ RE>RANGEM5T4 ,TO ?IS 5D1 DEVELOP+ $UCATION 9 
SCI5CE1 PHILOSOPHY & >T 79CLUD+ RELIGION7 & OP5+ 
S*OOLS ) ?IS OBJECTIVE1 >E ! =EMO/ PRACTICAL /EPS2 
! 9TELLECTUAL & EMOTIONAL $UCATION 9 RELATION TO BECOM+ A NATION IS ! TASK ( !SE S*OOLS4 

,IT IS ESS5TIAL TO UND]/& ! SOCIAL CULTURE 9 RELATION TO N[1 TO \R EPO*1 
JU/ AS MU* AS 9 RELATION TO ! HI/ORICAL-SOCIETAL 5TITY1 & 
TO %>E !IR TRUE1 GOOD & BEAUTIFUL ASPECTS 9 COMMON 
?\<TS & EMOTIONS4 ,9 A NUT%ELL1 ! ,K,C,K'S MA9 9TELLECTUAL TASK IS TO 5VISAGE ! ,KURDS AS A NATION )9 !IR 
TRUE1 GOOD1 & BEAUTIFUL WORLD ( ?\<T & EMOTIONS JO9TLY %>$ 9 RELATION TO !IR [N EXI/5CE4 ,9 O!R WORDS1 ITS 
TASK IS TO 5C\RAGE ! ,KURDI% PEOPLE TO BECOME A NATION BY 
MEANS ( A SCI5TIFIC1 PHILOSOPHICAL & >TI/IC REVOLUTION & 
TO CREATE ! FUNDAM5TAL CONDITIONS 79TELLECTUAL & EMOTIONAL7 = BECOM+ SU* A NATION1 FREELY %>+ ! SCI5TIFIC1 PHILOSOPHICAL 7IDEOLOGICAL7 & >TI/IC TRU? ( ! ,KURDI% 
REALITY1 ?R\< SELF-?\<T & SELF-$UCATION1 %>+ ! 
GOOD & LIV+ BEAUTIFULLY4 ,! MA9 DEM& 9 T]MS ( ! 
9TELLECTUAL DIM5SION FROM ! SOV]EIGN NATION-/ATES IS = 
!M TO ADH]E FULLY TO FRE$OM ( EXPRESSION & ?\<T4 ,IF 
NATION-/ATES WANT TO COEXI/ ) ! ,KURDS UND] COMMON 
NORMS1 !N !Y MU/ RESPECT ! ,KURDI% PEOPLE'S DESIRE TO 
CREATE !IR [N 9TELLECTUAL & EMOTIONAL WORLD & TO TURN 
!MSELVES 9TO A NATIONAL SOCIETY ON ! BASIS ( !IR [N DIFF]5CES3 ! FRE$OM ( EXPRESSION & ?\<T REQUIR$ = 
?IS MU/ BE CON/ITUTIONALLY GU>ANTE$4 

,! SECOND DIM5SION IS ! REORGANIZATION ( SOCIAL EXI/5CE 9 ACCORDANCE ) ITS M5TAL WORLD4 ,H[ IS SOCIETY TO 
BE REORGANIZ$ 9 ACCORDANCE ) ! 9TELLECTUAL WORLD ( A 
NATION ?AT IS %>$ COMMONLY8 ,DEMOCRATIC AUTONOMY LIES AT 
! HE>T ( ! 
REORGANIZATION ( ?IS PHYSICAL EXI/5CE4 ,IT IS 
POSSIBLE TO DEF9E DEMOCRATIC AUTONOMY 9 BO? A BROAD & 
N>R[ S5SE4 ,9 ! BROADE/ S5SE1 DEMOCRATIC AUTONOMY IS 
! EXPRESSION ( ! DEMOCRATIC NATION4 ,TE DEMOCRATIC NATION HAS DIM5SIONS DIVID$ ACROSS A WID] RANGE4 ,IT CAN BE 
DEF9$ 9 T]MS ( ITS CULTURAL1 ECONOMIC1 SOCIAL1 LEGAL1 DIPLOMATIC & O!R DIM5SIONS4 ,9 ! N>R[ S5SE1 DEMOCRATIC 
AUTONOMY REPRES5TS ! POLITICAL DIM5SION2 9 O!R WORDS1 
IT MEANS DEMOCRATIC AU?ORITY OR GOV]NANCE4 ,! DEMOCRATIC AUTONOMY DIM5SION ( BECOM+ A DEMOCRATIC NATION IS 
MU* MORE PROBLEMATIC 9 T]MS ( RELATIONS ) SOV]EIGN 
NATION-/ATES4 ,SOV]EIGN NATION-/ATES G5]ALLY REJECT DEMOCRATIC AUTONOMY4 ,!Y DO NOT WI% TO RECOGNIZE IT AS A RI<T 
UNLESS !Y >E OBLIG$ TO DO SO4 ,) REG>D TO ! ,KURDS1 
! ACCEPTANCE ( DEMOCRATIC AUTONOMY LIES AT ! HE>T ( 
A RECONCILIATION ) NATION-/ATES4 ,DEMOCRATIC AUTONOMY IS 
! M9IMUM REQUIREM5T TO LIVE UND] A COMMON POLITICAL 
RO( ( A NATION-/ATE ) A DOM9ANT E?NICITY4 ,ANY?+ LESS 
W\LD LEAD TO AN 9CREASE 9 CONFLICT & A WORS5+ ( ! 
SITUATION - NOT A SOLUTION4 ,ESPECIALLY LATELY1 !RE IS ! EF=T 
TO IMPLEM5T ! LIB]AL 09DIVIDUAL & CULTURAL RI<TS0 PROJECT - ORIG9ALLY DEVELOP$ BY ! ,5GLI% CAPITALISM 9 ORD] 
TO RULE !IR WORK+ CLASS & COLONIES - 9 ! ,REPUBLIC ( 
,TURKEY VIA ,A,K,P4 ,?IS PROJECT1 :I* IS ALI5 TO ,MIDDLE ,EA/]N 
CULTURE1 WILL ONLY S]VE TO EXP& ! CONFLICT4 ,DEMOCRATIC 
AUTONOMY IS ! MO/ SUITABLE SOLUTION = ! NATION-/ATE4 

,ANY?+ LESS W\LD ONLY FUEL FUR!R CONFLICT & W>4 

#e4#b ,! ,DEMOCRATIC ,AUTONOMY ,SOLUTION & ITS ,IMPLEM5TATION 

,! DEMOCRATIC AUTONOMY SOLUTION CAN BE IMPLEM5T$ 9 
TWO WAYS3 

,! FIR/ IS PR$ICAT$ ON F9D+ A COMPROMISE ) NATION- 
/ATES4 ,IT F9DS ITS CONCRETE EXPRESSION 9 A DEMOCRATIC CON/ITUTIONAL SOLUTION4 ,IT RESPECTS ! HI/ORICAL-SOCIETAL H]ITAGE ( 
PEOPLES & CULTURES4 ,IT REG>DS ! FRE$OM ( EXPRESSION & 
ORGANIZATION ( !SE H]ITAGES AS ONE ( ! IRREVOCABLE & 
FUNDAM5TAL CON/ITUTIONAL RI<TS4 ,DEMOCRATIC AUTONOMY IS 
! FUNDAM5TAL PR9CIPLE ( !SE RI<TS4 ,TE =EMO/ CONDITIONS ( ?IS >RANGEM5T >E ?AT ! SOV]EIGN NATION-/ATE R5\NCES ALL D5IAL & ANNIHILATION POLICIES1 & ! OPPRESS$ 
NATION AB&ONS ! IDEA ( =M+ ITS [N NATION-/ATE4 ,IT IS 
DIFFICULT = A DEMOCRATIC AUTONOMY PROJECT TO BE IMPLEM5T$ )\T BO? NATIONS R5\NC+ /ATI/ T5D5CIES 9 ?IS 
REG>D4 ,E,U C\NTRIES TOOK MORE ?AN #c YE>S ( NATION-/ATE 
EXP]I5CE BE=E !Y C\LD ACCEPT DEMOCRATIC AUTONOMY AS 
! BE/ SOLUTION = SOLV+ NATION-/ATES' REGIONAL1 NATIONAL 
& M9ORITY RELAT$ PROBLEMS4 

,9 ! SOLUTION TO ! ,KURDI% QUE/ION1 TOO1 ! PA? ?AT 
IS MEAN+FUL & CONSI/5T IS ! ONE ?AT DOES NOT RELY ON 
SEP>ATISM & VIOL5CE & ?AT ACCEPTS DEMOCRATIC AUTONOMY4 ,ALL O!R PA?S WILL EI!R LEAD TO A PO/PONEM5T ( PROBLEMS1 & !RE=E TO A DEEP5+ ( ! IMPASSE1 OR TO VIOL5T CONFLICT & SEP>ATION4 ,! HI/ORY ( NATIONAL PROBLEMS 
IS LITT]$ ) SU* EXAMPLES4 ,TE RELATIVE PEACE1 WEAL? & 
PROSP]ITY ( ! ,E,U C\NTRIES - ! HOME ( NATIONAL CON- 
FLICTS - 9 ! PA/ #f YE>S W]E A*IEV$ BY !IR ACCEPTANCE 
( DEMOCRATIC AUTONOMY & !IR ABILITY TO F9D FLEXIBLE & 
CREATIVE SOLUTIONS TO REGIONAL1 NATIONAL & M9ORITY PROBLEMS4 

,! OPPOSITE HAS BE5 TRUE ( ! ,REPUBLIC ( ,TURKEY4 ,TE 
NATION-/ATISM ?AT WAS WI%$ TO BE BR\<T TO COMPLETION 
?R\< ! D5IAL & ANNIHILATION ( ,KURDS HAS DRAWN ! 
REPUBLIC TO ! BR9K ( DIS9TEGRATION1 HUGE PROBLEMS1 CONT9U\S CRISES1 MILIT>Y C\PS ?AT >E RESORT$ EV]Y T5 YE>S1 
& A SPECIAL W>F>E REGIME ?AT IS CONDUCT$ TOGE!R ) 
,GLADIO4 ,ONLY :5 ! ,TURKI% NATION-/ATE AB&ONS !SE 
POLICIES1 & ACCEPTS ! DEMOCRATIC AUTONOMY ( ALL CULTURES 
79CLUD+ ,TURKI% & ,TURKM571 & SPECIFICALLY ! ,KURDI% 
CULTURAL 5TITY'S DEMOCRATIC AUTONOMY1 WILL IT A*IEVE LA/+ 
PEACE & PROSP]ITY AS A NORMAL1 LAWFUL1 SECUL> & DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC4 

,TE SECOND PA? = A DEMOCRATIC AUTONOMY SOLUTION - ONE 
?AT DOES NOT DEP5D ON F9D+ A COMPROMISE ) NATION- 
/ATES - IS TO IMPLEM5T ITS [N PROJECT UNILAT]ALLY4 ,9 ! 
BROAD S5SE1 IT RECOGNIZES ! ,KURDI% PEOPLE'S RI<T TO BECOME 
A DEMOCRATIC NATION ?R\< ! IMPLEM5TATION ( DEMOCRATIC AUTONOMY4 ,IT GOES )\T SAY+ ?AT 9 ?IS CASE CONFLICTS 
WILL 9T5SIFY ) ?OSE SOV]EIGN NATION-/ATES :O DO NOT 
ACCEPT ?IS UNILAT]AL IMPLEM5TATION ( BECOM+ A DEMOCRATIC NATION4 ,IF ?IS HAPP5S1 ! ,KURDS WILL HAVE NO O!R 
*OICE BUT TO ADOPT A FULL-SCALE MOBILIZATION & W> POSITION 
9 ORD] TO PROTECT !IR EXI/5CE & TO LIVE FREELY AGA9/ ! 
9DIVIDUAL OR JO9T ATTACKS ( NATION-/ATES 7,IRAN1 ,SYRIA & 
,TURKEY74 ,!Y WILL NOT HOLD BACK FROM BECOM+ A DEMOCRATIC 
NATION ) ALL ITS DIM5SIONS & TO DEVELOP & REALIZE !IR 
ASPIRATIONS ?R\< !IR [N EF=TS UNTIL !Y EI!R REA* A 
COMPROMISE OR A*IEVE 9DEP5D5CE AMID ! W>F>E4 

#e4#c ,! ,K,C,K & ! ,DIM5SIONS ( ,BECOM+ A ,DEMOCRATIC ,NATION 

,9 LI<T ( !SE G5]AL DEF9ITIONS ( ! NATION1 ! ,K,C,K 
REJECTS /ATE-NATIONI/ APPROA*ES & BASES ITSELF ON ! DEMOCRATIC NATIONI/ MODEL1 ACKN[L$G+ ! ,KURDI% PEOPLE'S 
RI<T TO BECOME A NATION OR A*IEV+ !IR TRANS=MATION TO A 
NATIONAL SOCIETY ?R\< DEMOCRATIC AUTONOMY4 

,IF WE LIK5 SOCIETIES1 ESPECIALLY ! DEMOCRATIC NATIONS ( \R 
]A1 TO A LIVE ORGANISM1 !N WE CAN SAY ?AT ALL ITS P>TS & 
DIM5SIONS >E 9T]CONNECT$ & CO-EXI/ AS 9 ! 9TEGRAL 
:OLE ( A LIVE ORGANISM4 ,!RE=E1 AL?\< EA* & EV]Y 
DIM5SION IS DISCUSS$ ON !IR [N RI<T !Y MU/ ALWAYS BE 
CONSID]$ AS P>TS ( A :OLE4 ,A MORE DETAIL$ UND]/&+ ( ! WAY 9 :I* A DEMOCRATIC NATION CAN BE CREAT$ 
FOLL[S3 

#a - ,! ,FREE ,9DIVIDUAL-,CITIZ5 & ,DEMOCRATIC ,COMMUNAL ,LIFE 

,! 9DIVIDUAL-CITIZ5 ( A DEMOCRATIC NATION HAS TO BE COMMUNAL AS WELL AS FREE4 ,TE ALLEG$LY FREE 9DIVIDUAL ( CAPITALI/ 
9DIVIDUALISM1 :O HAS BE5 PROVOK$ AGA9/ ! SOCIETY1 ESS5TIALLY LIVES A LIFE ( ABJECT SLAV]Y4 ,H[EV]1 LIB]AL IDEOLOGY CREATES AN IMAGE :]E ! 9DIVIDUAL APP>5TLY POSSESSES 
LIMITLESS FRE$OM4 ,9 REALITY ! 9DIVIDUAL1 5SLAV$ BY WAG$ 
LABOR1 REPRES5TS ! MO/ DEVELOP$ =M ( SLAV]Y4 ,?IS 
TYPE ( 9DIVIDUAL IS PRODUC$ ?R\< ! REL5TLESS $UCATION 
(1 & LIFE 91 NATION-/ATISM4 ,BECAUSE HIS OR H] LIFE IS B\ND 
TO ! SOV]EIGNTY ( MONEY1 ! WAGE SY/EM1 9 EFFECT LIKE A 
DOG'S LEA%1 5SURES ?AT ! 9DIVIDUAL CAN BE MANIPULAT$ AS 
DESIR$3 ,HE OR %E HAS NO O!R MEANS ( SURVIV+4 ,IF HE SEEKS 
TO ESCAPE1 ?AT IS1 IF HE OPTS = UNEMPLOYM5T1 IT IS 9 EFFECT 
A DEA? S5T5CE4 ,MOREOV]1 CAPITALI/ 9DIVIDUALISM HAS BE5 
%AP$ ON ! BASIS ( SOCIETY'S D5IAL4 ,HE ?9KS ?AT HE CAN 
ONLY REALIZE HIMSELF 9S(> AS HE REJECTS ! CULTURE & TRADITIONS ( HI/ORICAL SOCIETY4 ,TIS IS ! BIGGE/ DI/ORTION ( LIB]AL IDEOLOGY4 ,ITS PR9CIPAL SLOGAN IS 0!RE IS NO SOCIETY1 !RE IS 
! 9DIVIDUAL04 

,AS OPPOS$ TO ?IS1 ! DEMOCRATIC NATION'S 9DIVIDUAL SEES 
HIS OR H] FRE$OM 9 ! COMMUNALITY ( SOCIETY1 9 ! =M 
( ! MORE FUNCTIONAL LIFE ( SMALL COMMUNITIES4 ,A FREE & 
DEMOCRATIC COMMUNE OR COMMUNITY IS ! MA9 S*OOL 9 
:I* ! 9DIVIDUAL ( ! DEMOCRATIC NATION TAKES %APE4 

,)\T A COMMUNE OR COMMUNAL LIFE1 ! 9DIVIDUAL CANNOT BE FULLY REALIZ$4 ,COMMUNES >E DIV]SE & VALID 9 EV]Y 
SPH]E ( SOCIETAL LIFE4 ,9 ACCORDANCE ) !IR DIV]SITY1 9DIVIDUALS CAN EXI/ 9 MORE ?AN ONE COMMUNE OR COMMUNITY4 

,TE IMPORTANT ?+ IS = ! 9DIVIDUAL TO KN[ H[ TO LIVE 
9 A COMMUNAL COMMUNITY 9 ACCORDANCE ) HIS OR H] TAL5TS1 LABOR & DIV]SITY4 ,TE 9DIVIDUAL CONSID]S H] RESPONSIBILITY T[>DS H] COMMUNE OR ! SOCIAL UNITS TO :I* %E 
IS ATTA*$ TO BE ! GUID+ MORAL PR9CIPLE4 ,MORALITY MEANS 
RESPECT & COMMITM5T TO ! COMMUNITY & COMMUNAL 
LIFE4 ,TE COMMUNE OR COMMUNITY 9 TURN PROTECTS ! 9DIVIDUAL & 5HANCES HIS OR H] LIFE4 ,AFT] ALL1 ! FUNDAM5TAL 
PR9CIPLE BEH9D ! F\ND+ ( HUMAN SOCIETY IS ?IS V]Y 
PR9CIPLE ( MORAL RESPONSIBILITY4 ,TE DEMOCRATIC *>ACT] ( 
! COMMUNE OR COMMUNITIES IS :AT REALIZES ! COLLECTIVE 
FRE$OM - 9 O!R WORDS1 ! POLITICAL COMMUNE OR COMMUNITY4 ,A COMMUNE OR A COMMUNITY ?AT IS NOT DEMOCRATIC 
CANNOT BE POLITICAL4 ,A COMMUNE OR COMMUNITY ?AT IS NOT POLITICAL CANNOT ?US BE FREE4 ,T]E IS A CLOSE CORRELATION BETWE5 
! POLITICAL & DEMOCRATIC *>ACT] ( ! COMMUNE & ITS 
FRE$OM4 

,TE DEF9ITION ( ! DEMOCRATIC NATION'S 9DIVIDUAL-CITIZ5 BECOMES SLI<TLY BROAD] :5 %E OR HE LIVES UND] ! 
SAME POLITICAL RO( ) A NATION-/ATE4 ,9 ?IS CASE1 )9 ! 
FRAMEWORK ( 0CON/ITUTIONAL CITIZ5%IP01 %E IS AS MU* AN 
9DIVIDUAL-CITIZ5 ( ! NATION-/ATE AS %E IS ( ! DEMOCRATIC NATION4 ,TE PO9T H]E IS ! RECOGNITION ( ! /ATUS 
( ! DEMOCRATIC NATION1 :]EBY DEMOCRATIC AUTONOMY IS 
ACKN[L$G$ TO HAVE LEGAL /ATUS 9 ! NATIONAL CON/ITUTION4 ,DEMOCRATIC NATIONAL /ATUS IS TWO-FOLD4 ,FIR/1 IT D5OTES 
! /ATUS1 LAW & CON/ITUTION ( DEMOCRATIC AUTONOMY4 

,SECONDLY1 AUTONOMY IS 9CORPORAT$ AS A SUB-SECTION ( ! NATIONAL CON/ITUTIONAL /ATUS4 

,AL?\< ! UNILAT]AL CON/RUCTION ( A DEMOCRATIC NATION 
BAS$ ON ! FREE 9DIVIDUAL-CITIZ5 & COMMUNAL UNITY ( 
,K,C,K IS A PRIORITY1 IT IS ALSO POSSIBLE = ,K,C,K TO >RIVE AT AN 
AGREEM5T ) ?OSE SOV]EIGN NATION-/ATES :O ACKN[L$GE ! /ATUS ( DEMOCRATIC AUTONOMY )9 ! NATIONAL 
DEMOCRATIC CON/ITUTION4 ,K,C,K RECOGNIZES BO? ! LIFE ( 
! FREE 9DIVIDUAL-CITIZ5 & COMMUNITY & ! EXT5T TO 
:I* ?IS LIFE IS B\ND BY A LEGAL & CON/ITUTIONAL /ATUS4 

,CAPITALI/ 9DIVIDUALISM REQUIRES ABSOLUTE S]VITUDE TO ! 
NATION-/ATE GOD2 :]EAS DEMOCRATIC NATION CITIZ5%IP FO/]S ! DEVELOPM5T ( ! FREE 9DIVIDUAL 9 ! TRUE/ S5SE4 

,! DEMOCRATIC NATION CITIZ5%IP ( ! ,KURDS CAN BE REALIZ$ 
UND] ! ,K,C,K /ATUS4 ,!RE=E1 IT MAY BE MORE APPROPRIATE 
TO DEF9E MEMB]%IP ( ! ,K,C,K AS BE+ DEMOCRATIC NATION 
CITIZ5%IP4 ,IT IS AN IRREVOCABLE RI<T & DUTY = ! ,KURDI% 
PEOPLE TO BE CITIZ5S ( !IR [N DEMOCRATIC NATION4 ,TO BE 
UNABLE TO BE A CITIZ5 ( ONE'S [N NATION IS A HUGE ALI5ATION 
& IS 9DEF5SIBLE4 

#b - ,POLITICAL ,LIFE & ,DEMOCRATIC ,AUTONOMY 

,IT IS POSSIBLE TO DEF9E ! S*OOL ( SOCIAL SCI5CES ?AT /UDIES 
! ONTOLOGY & DEVELOPM5T ( SOCIETAL NATURE ON ! BASIS ( MORAL & POLITICAL SOCIETY AS ! SY/EM ( DEMOCRATIC 
CIVILIZATION4 ,DET]M9+ MORAL & POLITICAL SOCIETY TO BE 
\R FUNDAM5TAL UNIT IS ALSO IMPORTANT AS ?IS COMPRISES ! 
DIM5SIONS ( HI/ORICITY & 9TEGRALITY4 ,MORAL & POLITICAL 
SOCIETY IS ! MO/ HI/ORICAL & HOLI/IC N>RATIVE ( SOCIETY4 

,MORALITY & POLITICS CAN BE SE5 AS HI/ORY ITSELF4 ,A SOCIETY 
) A MORAL & POLITICAL DIM5SION IS A SOCIETY ?AT IS 9 
H>MONY ) ITS EXI/5CE & DEVELOPM5T4 ,SOCIETY CAN EXI/ )\T EXPLOITATION1 CLASSES1 CITIES1 P[]1 NATION & ! 
/ATE1 BUT A SOCIETY DEVOID ( MORALS & POLITICS IS UN?9KABLE4 

,A MORAL & POLITICAL SOCIETY IS A DEMOCRATIC SOCIETY4 

,DEMOCRACY CAN ONLY ATTA9 MEAN+ ON ! BASIS ( ! EXI/5CE ( AN OP5 & FREE SOCIETY2 ?AT IS1 MORAL & POLITICAL 
SOCIETY4 ,DEMOCRATIC SOCIETY1 :]E 9DIVIDUALS & GR\PS BECOME A SUBJECT1 CORRESPONDS ) A =M ( GOV]NANCE ?AT 
MO/ EFFECTIVELY DEVELOPS MORAL & POLITICAL SOCIETY4 ,MORE 
PRECISELY1 ! FUNCTIONALITY ( POLITICAL SOCIETY IS :AT WE ALREADY CALL DEMOCRACY4 ,POLITICS & DEMOCRACY1 9 ! TRUE S5SE1 
>E ID5TICAL CONCEPTS4 ,IF FRE$OM IS ! >5A 9 :I* POLITICS EXPRESSES ITSELF1 !N DEMOCRACY IS ! MODUS OP]&I ( 
POLITICS )9 ?AT >5A4 ,TE TRIO ( FRE$OM1 POLITICS & DEMOCRACY CANNOT BE DEVOID ( A MORAL BASE4 ,WE CAN ALSO DEF9E 
MORALS AS ! 9/ITUTIONALIZ$ OR TRADITIONAL =M ( FRE$OM1 
POLITICS & DEMOCRACY4 

,MORAL & POLITICAL SOCIETIES >E 9 DIALECTICAL CONTRADICTION 
) ! /ATE1 :I* IS ! (FICIAL EXPRESSION ( ALL =MS ( 
CAPITAL1 [N]%IP & P[]4 ,TE /ATE CON/ANTLY DESIRES TO 
REPLACE MORALS ) LAW & POLITICS ) BUREAUCRATIC ADM9I/RATION4 ,ON ! TW9 POLES ( ?IS HI/ORICAL CONTRADICTION1 
! (FICIAL /ATE CIVILIZATION & ! UN(FICIAL DEMOCRATIC CIVILIZATION COEXI/4 ,TWO SEP>ATE TYPOLOGIES ( MEAN+ EM]GE4 

,! CONTRADICTIONS CAN EI!R 9T5SIFY & LEAD TO W>1 OR RECONCILE & LEAD TO PEACE4 

,TODAY1 9 P>TICUL> ! PROBLEMATIC NATURE ( NATION-/ATES 
IS PROPELL+ POLITICAL SOCIETIES & !IR GOV]N+ =CES T[>DS BECOM+ A DEMOCRATIC NATION1 COMPELL+ !M TO BECOME DEMOCRATIC NATIONS EI!R ?R\< RE=M OR REVOLUTION4 
,:ILE NATION-/ATES W]E ! DOM9ANT T5D5CY DUR+ ! 
RISE ( CAPITALISM1 UND] ! CURR5T CONDITIONS ( ITS D[NFALL 
! DOM9ANT T5D5CY IS EVOLV+ T[>DS ! DEMOCRATIC NATION4 ,9 ?IS REG>D1 IT IS V]Y IMPORTANT NOT TO EQUATE POLITICAL 
=CE ) /ATE P[]4 ,POLITICS CANNOT BE EQUAT$ ) P[] 
& ITS 9/ITUTIONALIZ$ =M1 ! /ATE4 ,FRE$OM IS 9 ! NATURE ( POLITICS4 ,POLITICIZ$ SOCIETIES & NATIONS >E SOCIETIES & NATIONS ?AT >E BECOM+ FREE4 

,POLITICS NOT ONLY LIB]ATES1 IT ALSO REGULATES4 ,POLITICS IS A 
UNIQUE REGULATORY =CE2 IS A K9D ( >T4 ,IT REPRES5TS ! OPPOSITE ( ! SUPPRESSIVE REGULATIONS ( /ATES & RUL]S4 ,! 
/RONG] ! POLITICS 9 A SOCIETY OR NATION1 ! WEAK] ! /ATE 
& RUL+ P[]S4 ,! OPPOSITE IS ALSO TRUE3 ! /RONG] ! 
/ATE OR RUL+ P[] IS 9 A SOCIETY OR NATION1 ! WEAK] ! 
POLITICS - & H5CE FRE$OM - 9 ?AT SOCIETY4 

,JU/ AS A SOCIETY OR NATION ?AT GA9S /ATE & RUL+ P[] 
DOES NOT BECOME FREE EV5 IF !RE W]E ANY DEMOCRATIC FEATURES1 IT ALSO FACES ! PROSPECT ( LOS+ :ATEV] FRE$OMS IT 
PREVI\SLY HAD4 ,?IS IS :Y ! MORE WE CLE> ! SOCIETY FROM 
! /ATE & P[]1 ! MORE WE OP5 IT UP TO FRE$OM4 ,& 
! FUNDAM5TAL CONDITION ?AT IS NECESS>Y = LIB]AT+ ?AT 
SOCIETY & NATION IS = IT TO MA9TA9 ITSELF 9 A P]MAN5T 
POLITICAL POSITION4 

,IT WILL BE SE5 ?AT ! DEMOCRATIC CIVILIZATION SY/EM HAS 
ALWAYS EXI/$ & SU/A9$ ITSELF AS ! O!R FACE ( (FICIAL 
CIVILIZATION'S HI/ORY1 9 ESS5CE AS ! MORAL & POLITICAL UNITY 
( SOCIETAL NATURE4 ,DESPITE ! SUPPRESSION & EXPLOITATION BY 
! (FICIAL WORLD SY/EM1 ! O!R FACE ( SOCIETY C\LD NOT BE 
ELIM9AT$4 ,9 ANY CASE1 ITS DE/RUCTION IS NOT POSSIBLE4 ,JU/ AS 
CAPITALISM CANNOT EXI/ )\T A NON-CAPITALI/ SOCIETY1 CIVILIZATION AS ! (FICIAL WORLD SY/EM TOO CANNOT EXI/ )\T ! 
EXI/5CE ( ! DEMOCRATIC CIVILIZATION SY/EM4 ,MORE CONCRETELY1 ! CIVILIZATION ) MONOPOLY C\LD NOT EXI/ )\T ! 
CIVILIZATION ) NO MONOPOLY4 ,TE OPPOSITE ( ?IS IS NOT TRUE4 

,9 O!R WORDS1 DEMOCRATIC CIVILIZATION1 ! HI/ORICAL FL[ ( 
! MORAL & POLITICAL SOCIETY1 C\LD EXI/ QUITE COM=TABLY 
& MORE UNOB/RUCT$LY )\T ! (FICIAL CIVILIZATION4 ,I DEF9E DEMOCRATIC CIVILIZATION BO? AS A ?\<T SY/EM1 AN ACCUMULATION ( ?\<T1 AS WELL AS A TOTALITY ( MORAL RULES & 
POLITICAL ORGANS4 

,WE CONCEPTUALIZ$ ! POLITICAL DIM5SION ( ! ,K,C,K'S 
CON/RUCTION ( DEMOCRATIC NATION AS DEMOCRATIC AUTONOMY4 

,)\T SELF-GOV]NANCE DEMOCRATIC NATION IS UN?9KABLE4 ,9 
G5]AL ALL =MS ( NATIONS & 9 P>TICUL> DEMOCRATIC NATIONS >E SOCIETAL 5TITIES ?AT HAVE !IR [N SELF-GOV]NANCE4 

,IF A SOCIETY IS DEPRIV$ ( SELF-GOV]NANCE1 IT CEASES TO BE A NATION4 ,! ,KURDS W]E NOT ONLY PREV5T$ FROM BECOM+ A NATION1 !Y ALSO CEAS$ TO EXI/ AS A SOCIETY4 ,TE GUIDANCE BY 
! ,P,K,K & ! POLICIES ( ! ,K,C,K NOT ONLY /OPP$ ?IS 
PROCESS1 BUT ALSO 9ITIAT$ ! PROCESS ( BECOM+ A DEMOCRATIC NATION RA!R ?AN A POLITICAL SOCIETY4 ,KURDS1 9 ! CURR5T /AGE1 >E NOT ONLY A SOCIETY ?AT HAS BECOME AN 9T5SELY 
POLITICAL SOCIETY1 BUT A SOCIETY ?AT ALSO WORKS TO TRANS=M ?IS 
POLITICAL REALITY 9TO A DEMOCRATIC NATION4 

,! ,K,C,K PLAYS A KEY ROLE 9 ! CON/RUCTION ( ! DEMOCRATIC NATION & MAY BE TRANSLAT$ AS ! EQUIVAL5T ( 
DEMOCRATIC AUTONOMY4 ,! ,K,C,K'S FULFILLM5T ( ITS ROLE AS ! 
ORGAN = DEMOCRATIC POLITICS IS 9DISP5SABLE 9 ! CREATION 
( A DEMOCRATIC NATION4 ,TO CONFUSE IT ) A NATION-/ATE IS A 
DELIB]ATE DI/ORTION4 ,! ,K,C,K1 AS A PR9CIPLE1 HAS CEAS$ TO 
EMPLOY NATION-/ATISM AS A TOOL = A SOLUTION4 ,IT IS NEI!R 
! FIR/ NOR ! LA/ /AGE ( NATION-/ATISM4 ,!Y >E BO? 
QUALITATIVELY DIFF]5T CONCEPTS ( AU?ORITY4 ,AL?\< IT MAY 
CONTA9 FEATURES ?AT >E REM9ISC5T ( ! NATION-/ATES' 9/ITUTIONALIZATION 9 T]MS ( ITS ORGANIZATIONAL /RUCTURE1 IT 
IS QU9TESS5TIALLY DIFF]5T4 ,K,O,N,G,R,A-,G,E,L1 AS ! ,K,C,K'S 
DECISION-MAK+ BODY1 MEANS ,PEOPLE'S ,ASSEMBLY4 ,ITS IMPORTANCE IS D]IV$ FROM PEOPLE MAK+ !IR [N DECISIONS 
!MSELVES4 ,! ,PEOPLE'S ,ASSEMBLY IS A DEMOCRATIC ORGAN4 ,IT 
IS ! ALT]NATIVE TO BECOM+ A NATION GOV]N$ BY ! UPP] CLASSES OR ! B\RGEOISIE4 ,K,O,N,G,R,A-,G,E,L SIGNIFIES BECOM+ A NATION GOV]N$ BY ! POPUL> CLASSES & /RATUM 
( 9TELLECTUALS4 ,IT IS ESS5TIALLY DIFF]5T FROM ! B\RGEOIS 
P>LIAM5T>IAN SY/EM4 ,! ,EXECUTIVE ,C\NCIL ( ! ,K,C,K 
EXPRESSES ! COND5S$ & C5TRALIZ$ DAILY ADM9I/RATION 
PYRAMID4 ,IT 5SURES COORD9ATION BETWE5 ! WORK+ UNITS 
SCATT]$ AMONG ! PEOPLE4 ,IT COORD9ATES ! DAILY ORGANIZATIONAL-OP]ATIONAL WORK 9VOLV$ 9 BECOM+ A DEMOCRATIC 
NATION AS WELL AS GOV]N+ & DEF5D+ IT4 ,! ,C\NCIL 
%\LD NOT BE CONFUS$ ) GOV]NM5T ORGANS ( ! /ATE4 

,IT IS CLOS] TO ! SY/EM ( CONF$]ATIONS ( DEMOCRATIC CIVIL 
SOCIETIES4 ,TE ,K,C,K'S ,G5]AL ,PRESID5TIAL ,9/ITUTION1 RE/+ ON ELECTION BY ! PEOPLE1 IS ! MO/ G5]AL & HI<E/ 
LEVEL ( REPRES5TATION4 ,IT SUP]VISES & MONITORS ! COMPATIBILITY BETWE5 ALL ! ,K,C,K'S UNITS & ! APPLICATION ( FUNDAM5TAL POLICIES4 

,IT IS CLE> ?AT DUR+ SU* A P]IOD & UND] NEW CONDITIONS !RE WILL BE CONSID]ABLE COMPETITION1 CONT5TION & CONFLICT BETWE5 ! NATION-/ATES' 9/ITUTIONS & =CES & 
! ,K,C,K'S 9/ITUTIONS & =CES4 ,!RE WILL BE DIFF]5T AU?ORITIES & GOV]NANCES 9 ! CITIES & RURAL >EAS4 

#c - ,SOCIAL ,LIFE 

,9 ! PROCESS ( BECOM+ A DEMOCRATIC NATION1 IMPORTANT 
TRANS=MATIONS OCCUR 9 SOCIAL LIFE4 ,TRADITIONAL LIFE 9 CAPITALI/ 
MOD]NITY UND]GOES GREAT *ANGES4 

,! DOM9ANT MOD]N LIFE/YLE HAS TURN$ 9TO A COMPLETE 
TRAP BAS$ >\ND ! OLDE/ SLAVE1 ! WOMAN4 ,9 CAPITALISM1 
WOM5 HAVE BE5 TURN$ 9TO ! 'QUE5S ( COMMODITY'4 

,!Y >E NOT ONLY UNWAG$ WORK]S1 AS 'H\SEWIVES'1 !Y >E 
! L[E/ WAGE E>N] \TSIDES ( ! H\SE & ! MA9 TOOL 
= L[]+ WAGES4 

,! WOMAN IS ! =EMO/ CON/ITU5T ( FLEXIBLE EMPLOYM5T4 ,%E IS AN 9DU/RIAL 9CUBATOR PRODUC+ ! NEW G5]ATIONS REQUIR$ BY ! CAPITALI/ SY/EM4 ,%E IS ! PR9CIPAL 
TOOL = ! ADV]TIS+ 9DU/RY4 ,H] S]VITUDE P]PETUATES 
SEXISM4 ,FROM ! GLOBAL TO ! LITTLE EMP]OR 9 ! FAMILY1 
%E IS ! 9/RUM5T ( UNLIMIT$ PLEASURE & P[] ( ALL 
DOM9ANT M54 ,%E IS ! OBJECT ?AT GIVES BIR? TO ! P[] 
( ?OSE :O NEV] HAD P[]4 ,AT NO PO9T 9 HI/ORY HAS ! 
WOMAN BE5 EXPLOIT$ AS MU* AS %E HAS BE5 DUR+ CAPITALI/ MOD]NITY4 ,ALL O!R SLAV]IES - *ILD & MALE SLAV]Y - 
HAVE DEVELOP$ 9 ! FOOT/EPS ( WOM5'S 5SLAVEM5T4 ,?IS 
IS :Y 9 ! SOCIAL LIFE IMPOS$ BY CAPITALISM EV]YONE1 EXCEPT 
= ?OSE :O RULE1 HAS BE5 9FANTILIS$ AS MU* AS 5SLAV$4 

,! FAMILY1 :I* IS %AP$ >\ND ! WOMAN & IS ! OLDE/ 9/ITUTION ( SOCIETY1 IS DIS9TEGRAT+ YET AGA9 >\ND ! 
WOMAN4 ,:AT DIS9TEGRATES ! FAMILY IS CAPITALISM'S MANN] 
( ACCUMULATION4 ,?IS MANN] CAN ONLY MAT]IALIZE ITSELF AS IT 
CONSUMES SOCIETY & ! EXPECT$ RESULT IS ?AT SOCIETY CAN 
BE CONSUM$ & ATOMIZ$ 9 SO F> AS IT IS ABLE TO DE/ROY ! 
FUNDAM5TAL CELL ( ! SOCIETY2 ! FAMILY4 

,NO MATT] H[ MU* ! FIELD ( M$IC9E IS DEVELOP$1 
IT IS UNABLE TO /OP ! RAPID SPREAD ( DISEASE )9 SOCIETY4 

,NATIONALISM1 RELIGIONISM1 P[]ISM & SEXISM >E ! COGNITIVE & EMOTIONAL ,D,N,A ( CAPITALISM1 CON/ANTLY G5]AT+ DISEASES BO? 9DIVIDUALLY & 9/ITUTIONALLY4 ,! 9CREAS+ 
NUMB] ( 9H]5T ILLNESSES IS AN 9DICATOR ( M5TAL & PSY*OLOGICAL DISEASE - ! 9EVITABLE \TCOME ( CAPITALISM'S DE/RUCTIVE EFFECT ON SOCIETY4 

,9 MOD]N SOCIAL LIFE1 ! $UCATION SY/EM IS RESPONSIBLE = 
! CREATION ( ! ANTI-SOCIAL 9DIVIDUAL4 ,BO? ! LIB]AL 9DIVIDUALI/ LIFE & ! LIFE ( ! NATION-/ATI/ CITIZ5 >E PROGRAMM$ & IMPLEM5T$ 9 ACCORDANCE ) ! REQUIREM5TS ( CAPITALISM4 ,= ?IS PURPOSE1 A HUGE 9DU/RY CALL$ 
! $UCATION SECTOR HAS BE5 =M$4 ,9 ?IS SECTOR1 9DIVIDUALS >E BOMB>D$ TW5TY-F\R H\RS A DAY BO? M5TALLY & SPIRITUALLY 9 ORD] TO BE TURN$ 9TO ANTI-SOCIAL BE+S4 ,!Y 
>E /UNT$ FROM BE+ MORAL & POLITICAL4 ,!Y >E TURN$ 
9TO 9DIVIDUALS :O >E COMPELL$ TO CONSUME1 :O RUN AFT] 
MONEY1 >E SEXI/1 *AUV9I/ & LICKSPITTLE4 ,?IS IS H[ SOCIAL NATURE IS DE/ROY$4 ,$UCATION IS NOT US$ TO 5HANCE ! 
HEAL?Y FUNCTION+ ( SOCIETY1 BUT TO DE/ROY IT4 

,A DEMOCRATIC NATION IS ABOVE ALL ADAMANT AB\T REMA9+ 
AS A SOCIETY2 IT /&S AGA9/ CAPITALI/ MOD]NITY ) ! SLOGAN 0SOCIETY OR NO?+04 ,IT 9SI/S ON ! SU/5ANCE ( SOCIETY 
AS A HI/ORICAL-SOCIAL REALITY1 AL?\< ! SOCIETY IS DISSOLV$ 
)9 ! GR9D/ONES ( MOD]NITY4 

,BECAUSE ! DEMOCRATIC NATION'S UND]/&+ ( $UCATION 
T>GETS SOCIALITY & ! FREE 9DIVIDUAL-CITIZ51 ! DIALECTIC ( 
! DEVELOPM5T ( ! 9DIVIDUAL ) ! SOCIETY & SOCIETY'S DEVELOPM5T ) ! 9DIVIDUAL IS RE/ABLI%$4 ,! 
SOCIALIZ+1 LIB]AT+ & EQUALIZ+ ROLE ( SCI5CES IS REAFFIRM$4 ,DEMOCRATIC NATION IS ! NATIONHOOD ( A SOCIETY ?AT 
HAS ACQUIR$ A TRUE AW>5ESS ( ITS EXI/5CE4 

#d - ,FREE ,P>TN] ,LIFE 

,WE KN[ ?AT !RE >E ?REE MA9 FUNCTIONS = ALL LIV+ OR- 
GANISMS3 NUTRITION1 SELF-PRES]VATION & PRES]VATION ( ! 
SPECIES4 ,TESE FUNDAM5TAL FUNCTIONS TAKE ON A NEW LEVEL 9 
HUMANS4 

,ONCE ! CONSCI\SNESS ( ! DESIRE TO LIVE IS ATTA9$1 IT 
%\LD ALSO BE UND]/OOD ?AT ?R\< PROCREATION ALONE ONE 
CAN NOT GRASP ! MEAN+ ( LIFE4 ,JU/ AS REPRODUCTION DOES 
NOT MAKE LIFE MEAN+FUL1 IT MI<T EV5 DI/ORT & WEAK5 
! EM]G5T P[] ( CONSCI\SNESS4 ,HAV+ AW>5ESS ( 
ONE'S [N SELF IS UND\BT$LY AN AMAZ+ =MATION 9 ! 
UNIV]SE4 ,ASCRIB+ DIV9ITY TO ! HUMAN BE+ WAS NOT 9 
VA94 ,CONT9U+ ! BLOODL9E ( ! CONSCI\S HUMAN NOT 
ONLY IMPAIRS ! BALANCE1 TO ! DETRIM5T ( O!R LIV+ BE+S1 IT ALSO 5DANG]S HUMANITY'S P[] ( CONSCI\SNESS4 ,9 
%ORT1 ! MA9 PROBLEM ( ! CONSCI\S HUMAN CANNOT BE 
! CONT9UATION ( ITS BLOODL9E4 ,IF1 AS F> AS WE KN[1 ! 
UNIV]SE HAS A*IEV$ ! HI<E/ LEVEL ( P[] TO KN[ ITSELF )9 ! HUMAN BE+ = ! V]Y FIR/ TIME1 !N ?IS 
IS SOME?+ WOR? GETT+ V]Y EXCIT$ AB\T4 ,MAYBE UND]/&+ ! UNIV]SE IS ! TRUE MEAN+ ( LIFE4 ,?IS1 9 TURN1 
W\LD MEAN ?AT ! LIFE-DEA? CYCLE HAS BE5 TRANSC5D$2 
!RE C\LD BE NO GREAT] S\RCE ( EXCITEM5T & REJOIC+ 
= HUMANITY4 

,! MO/ IMPORTANT RESULT ( ! ,P,K,K'S REVOLUTION>Y PEO- 
PLE'S W> 9 RELATION TO MALE *AUV9ISM IS ITS UND]/&+ 
?AT ! LIB]ATION & FRE$OM ( SOCIETY IS ONLY POSSIBLE 
?R\< ! ANALYSIS ( PH5OM5ON ( WOMAN1 AS WELL AS H] 
LIB]ATION & FRE$OM4 ,H[EV]1 AS IT HAS BE5 PO9T$ \T1 
! ,KURDI% MALE MI/AK5LY DEF9ES HIS SO-CALL$ HONOR 9 
T]MS ( HIS ABSOLUTE SOV]EIGNTY OV] WOM54 ,?IS EGREGI\S 
CONTRADICTION NE$S TO BE RESOLV$4 

,ON ! WAY TO BUILD+ A DEMOCRATIC NATION1 WE WILL HAVE 
TO DO ! OPPOSITE ( :AT HAS BE5 DONE TO DATE 9 ! NAME 
( HONOR4 ,I AM TALK+ AB\T A TRANS=M$ ,KURDI% MAN- 
HOOD1 & 9 P>T ,I AM TALK+ AB\T MYSELF4 ,& IT %\LD 
BE DONE LIKE ?IS3 WE MU/ AB&ON ANY NOTION ( [N]%IP 
9 RELATION TO WOM54 ,WOM5 %\LD ONLY BELONG TO H]SELF4 ,%E %\LD KN[ ?AT %E HAS NO [N]1 & ?AT 
! ONLY [N] %E HAS IS H]SELF4 ,WE %\LD NOT BE ATTA*$ 
TO WOM5 ) ANY EMOTIONS ( SUBORD9ATION1 9CLUD+ LOVE 
& BL9D LOVE4 ,LIKEWISE1 ! WOMAN TOO %\LD /OP H]SELF 
FROM BE+ DEP5D5T & [N$4 ,?IS %\LD BE ! FIR/ 
CONDITION ( BE+ A REVOLUTION>Y1 A MILITANT4 ,?OSE :O 
COME ?R\< ?IS EXP]I5CE SUCCESSFULLY1 >E ?OSE :O REALIZE FRE$OM 9 !IR P]SONALITY1 & :O CAN BUILD ! NEW 
SOCIETY & DEMOCRATIC NATION />T+ ) !IR [N LIB]AT$ P]SONALITIES4 

,! LIB]ATION ( WOM5 IS V]Y IMPORTANT 9 ! PROCESS ( 
BECOM+ A DEMOCRATIC NATION4 ,TE LIB]ATION ( WOM5 IS ! 
LIB]ATION ( SOCIETY4 ,TE SOCIETY ?AT BECOMES FREE ON ! O!R H& IS DEMOCRATIC NATION4 ,I TALK$ AB\T ! REVOLUTION>Y 
SIGNIFICANCE ( REV]S+ ! ROLE ( ! MAN4 ,?IS MEANS1 9/EAD ( APPROA*+ ! WOMAN AS A MEANS ( CONT9U+ HIS 
BLOODL9E OR DOM9AT+ H]1 HE %\LD SU/A9 ! PROCESS ( 
BECOM+ A DEMOCRATIC NATION ?R\< HIS [N /R5G?1 HE 
%\LD =M ! IDEOLOGICAL & ORGANIZATIONAL P[] NE$$ 
= ?IS1 & %\LD 5SURE ! SOV]EIGNTY ( HIS [N POLITICAL 
AU?ORITY2 ?US HE %\LD IDEOLOGICALLY & POLITICALLY PRODUCE 
HIMSELF4 ,?US1 RA!R ?AN PHYSICAL REPRODUCTION1 HE MU/ 5SURE SPIRITUAL & 9TELLECTUAL EMP[]M5T4 ,CAPITALI/ MOD]NITY IS A SY/EM BAS$ ON ! D5IAL ( LOVE4 ,TE D5IAL ( 
SOCIETY1 ! UNCONTROLLABILITY ( 9DIVIDUALISM1 P]VASIVE SEXISM1 ! DEIFICATION ( MONEY1 ! SUB/ITUTION ( NATION-/ATE 
= GOD1 & ! TRANS=MATION ( WOM5 9TO UNWAG$ OR 
L[ PAID WORK]S ALSO MEAN D5IAL ( ! MAT]IAL BASIS ( 
LOVE4 

,! FEMALE NATURE MU/ BE WELL UND]/OOD4 ,TO APPROA* 
A WOMAN'S SEXUALITY SOLELY BY F9D+ H] BIOLOGICALLY ATTRACTIVE1 & TO RELATE TO H] ON ?IS BASIS IS ! LOSS ( LOVE FROM 
! V]Y BEG9N+4 ,JU/ AS WE DON'T CALL ! BIOLOGICAL MAT+ 
( O!R SPECIES LOVE1 WE CANNOT CALL BIOLOGICALLY BAS$ SEXUAL 
9T]C\RSE BETWE5 HUMANS LOVE EI!R4 ,WE CAN CALL ?IS ! 
NORMAL BRE$+ ACTIVITY ( LIV+ BE+S4 ,!RE IS NO NE$ TO 
BE HUMAN TO CONDUCT !SE ACTIVITIES4 ,?OSE :O WANT TRUE 
LOVE HAVE TO AB&ON ?IS ANIMAL-HUMAN TYPE ( REPRODUCTION4 

,WE CAN SEE WOM5 AS VALUABLE FRI5DS & COMRADES ONLY TO 
! EXT5T ?AT WE TRANSC5D VIEW+ !M AS OBJECTS ( SEXUAL 
APPEAL4 ,! MO/ DIFFICULT RELATION%IP IS ONE ( FRI5D%IP & 
CAM>AD]IE ) A WOMAN ?AT TRANSC5DS SEXISM4 ,EV5 :5 
LIFE IS FREELY %>$ ) A WOMAN AS A P>TN]1 ! BUILD+ ( 
SOCIETY & DEMOCRATIC NATION %\LD =M ITS BASIS4 ,WE MU/ 
OV]COME ! TRADITIONAL B\ND>IES1 & AS 9 MOD]NITY1 ( 
SEE+ WOM5 ONLY 9 ! ROLES ( P>TN]S1 MO!RS1 SI/]S OR 
LOV]S4 ,FIR/ & =EMO/1 WE MU/ =GE /RONG HUMAN RELATION%IPS BAS$ ON A COMMON UND]/&+ & ! BUILD+ 
( SOCIETY4 ,IF A MAN WANTS TO HAVE A RELATION%IP ) A WOMAN 
?AT HAS A /RONG IDEOLOGICAL & SOCIETAL F\NDATION1 !N HE 
NE$S TO LEAVE ! *OICE & ! C\RT+ TO ! WOMAN4 ,! 
MORE WOMAN'S LEVEL ( FRE$OM1 ABILITY TO *OOSE FREELY1 & 
MOBILITY BAS$ ON H] [N /R5G? HAVE DEVELOP$1 ! MORE 
ONE CAN LIVE ) H] MEAN+FULLY & BEAUTIFULLY4 

,WE CONT9U\SLY EMPHASIZE ?AT ! CONDITIONS UND] 
:I* J9 & JIYAN CEASE TO BE WOMAN & LIFE REFLECT ! COLLAPSE & DIS9TEGRATION ( ! SOCIETY4 ,)\T ?IS REALITY BE+ UND]/OOD & ACT$ ON1 IT IS IMPOSSIBLE = ?OSE COMPON5TS ?AT WE CALL REVOLUTION1 REVOLUTION>Y P>TY1 GUIDES & 
MILITANTS TO PLAY !IR ROLE4 ,IT IS IMPOSSIBLE = ?OSE :O >E 
!MSELVES 9 A DEADLOCK TO SOLVE O!R PEOPLES' DEADLOCKS & 
TO MAKE !M FREE4 ,! MO/ IMPORTANT CONSEQU5CE ( ! 
,P,K,K & ITS REVOLUTION>Y PEOPLE'S W>F>E 9 ?IS REG>D IS 
?AT ! LIB]ATION & FRE$OM ( SOCIETY CAN ONLY BE A*IEV$ 
?R\< ! ANALYSIS ( ! PH5OM5ON ( WOMAN1 & H] 
LIB]ATION & FRE$OM4 

#e - ,ECONOMIC ,AUTONOMY 

,:5 /ATE P[] IS >RANG$ AS NATION-/ATE1 CAPITALI/ MOD]NITY & ESPECIALLY ITS MAXIMUM PR(IT & CAPITAL ACCUMULATION REALIZ$ OV] ECONOMY CAN BE MAT]IALIZ$4 ,)\T ?IS 
9/RUM5T1 MAXIMUM PR(IT & CAPITAL ACCUMULATION CANNOT 
BE A*IEV$4 ,IT REPRES5TS ! REALIZATION ( ! MAXIMUM LEVEL 
( ECONOMIC PLUND] ) A C]TA9 AM\NT ( LEGITIMACY 9 
! HI/ORY ( CIVILIZATION4 ,A CORRECT DEF9ITION ( ! NATION- 
/ATE CANNOT BE MADE )\T ANALYZ+ ITS RELATION%IP TO 
MAXIMUM PR(IT & CAPITAL ACCUMULATION4 ,! NATION-/ATE 
CANNOT SOLELY BE DEF9$ AS A SY/EM ( TYRANNY & P[] EI!R4 ,ONLY :5 /ATE P[] IS ORGANIZ$ AS A NATION-/ATE CAN 
CAPITALI/ MOD]NITY &1 9 P>TICUL>1 ITS MAXIMUM PR(IT 
& CAPITAL ACCUMULATION OV] ! ECONOMY BE MAT]IALIZ$4 

,?IS MEANS ?AT ! NATION-/ATE'S CONTROL OV] ! ECONOMIC LIFE ( SOCIETY HAS ALL[$ ! /ATE TO SEIZE MORE SURPLUS- 
VALUE ?AN EV]4 ,IT IS COAT$ ) ! V>NI% ( NATIONALISM 
& PATRIOTISM1 DEIFI$ ?R\< $UCATION1 & P5ETRATES 
SOCIETY COMPLETELY TO LEGITIMIZE ! ECONOMIC EXTORTION IT HAS 
P]PETRAT$4 ,CONCEPTS1 !ORIES & 9/ITUTIONS DEVELOP$ 9 
! FIELDS ( LAW1 POLITICAL ECONOMY & DIPLOMACY ALL PURSUE 
LEGITIMACY ) ! SAME OBJECTIVE4 ,5=CEM5T ( A REL5TLESS T]ROR TOGE!R ) ATTA9M5T ( MAXIMUM PR(IT 9 ! 
ECONOMIC DOMA9 ON ! ONE H& CONDEMNS SOCIETY TO M9IMUM WAG$ LABOR1 :ILE ON ! O!R H& IT TRANS=MS ! 
MAJORITY 9TO AN >MY ( UNEMPLOY$4 ,L[-WAGE SLAV]Y & 
AN 5ORM\S >MY ( UNEMPLOY$ >E ! NATURAL CONSEQU5CES ( MAXIMUM PR(IT1 ! NATION-/ATE & 9DU/RIALISM4 

,! REALIZATION ( !SE ?REE FUNDAM5TAL COMPON5TS ( 
CAPITALI/ MOD]NITY IS ONLY MADE POSSIBLE :5 SOCIETY LOOSES 
CONTROL & ! FRE$OM TO MAKE *OICES OV] ITS ECONOMIC 
LIFE1 IS CONDEMN$ TO WAG$ SLAV]Y1 ! MAJORITY ( ! POPULATION IS TRANS=M$ 9TO AN >MY ( ! UNEMPLOY$1 & 
:5 WOM5 >E CONDEMN$ TO UNPAID OR L[-WAGE SLAV]Y4 

,CAPITALISM'S SOCIAL SCI5CES 9 G5]AL1 & 9 P>TICUL> ITS POLITICAL ECONOMY1 >E MY?OLOGIES :I* CONCOCT$ TO CONCEAL 
& DI/ORT !SE FACTS2 ONE MU/ NEV] BELIEVE !M & MU/ 
KN[ :AT !SE MY?S 5TAIL4 

,KURDI% SOCIETY IS A SOCIETY ?AT HAS BE5 FRI<T5$ TO /&UP = ITSELF AS A CONSEQU5CE ( ! CULTURAL G5OCIDE IT HAS 
5DUR$ ?R\< CONQUE/S1 OCCUPATIONS1 9VASIONS1 LOOT+1 
COLONIALISM1 & ASSIMILATION1 AS WELL AS ! CONSEQU5CES ( 
CAPITALI/ MOD]NITY4 ,IT IS A SOCIETY ?AT HAS LO/ CONTROL OV] ITS 
[N ECONOMY & HAS BE5 TAK5 UND] ! COMPLETE CONTROL 
( ! ?REE-LEGG$ MOD]N MON/] ( =EIGN & COLLABORATIONI/ ELEM5TS4 ,TE FACT ?AT IT ONLY WORKS TO BE ABLE TO FE$ 
ITSELF %[S ?AT IT IS A SOCIETY ?AT HAS BE5 TI$ D[N TO A 
G5OCIDAL 9T5T4 ,IT IS A SOCIETY 9 :I* WOM51 ! CREATORS 
( ECONOMY1 >E COMPLETELY R5D]$ UNEMPLOY$ & !IR LABOR ! LEA/ VALU$4 ,IT IS A SOCIETY :OSE M5 HAVE BE5 SCATT]$ ACROSS ! WORLD 9 SE>* ( WORK 9 ORD] TO SUPPORT 
!IR FAMILIES4 ,IT IS A SOCIETY 9 :I* PEOPLE KILL EA* O!R = 
A *ICK5 OR A PLOT ( L&4 ,CLE>LY1 SU* A SOCIETY HAS CEAS$ TO 
BE A SOCIETY & IS ONE ?AT HAS CRUMBL$ & DISSOLV$4 

,ECONOMIC OCCUPATION IS ! MO/ DANG]\S ( ALL OCCUPATIONS4 ,IT IS ! MO/ B>B>IC WAY TO DEGRADE1 & DE/ROY A 
SOCIETY4 ,MORE ?AN ! SUPPRESSION & TYRANNY ( ! NATION- 
/ATE1 ,KURDI% SOCIETY HAS BE5 EVISC]AT$ BY ! LOSS ( ITS 
ECONOMIC TOOLS & ( CONTROL ( ITS ECONOMIC DOMA94 ,IT IS 
NOT POSSIBLE = A SOCIETY TO MA9TA9 ITS FRE$OM ONCE IT HAS 
LO/ CONTROL OV] ITS MEANS ( PRODUCTION & M>KET4 ,! 
,KURDS HAVE NOT ONLY EFFECTIVELY LO/ CONTROL OV] !IR MEANS 
& RELATIONS ( PRODUCTION2 !Y HAVE ALSO LO/ CONTROL OV] 
!IR PRODUCTION1 CONSUMPTION & TRADE4 ,MORE PRECISELY1 IT 
WAS ONLY POSSIBLE = !M TO MAKE USE ( !IR PROP]TY1 & 
P>TAKE 9 TRADE & 9DU/RY 9S(> AS !Y ATTA*$ !MSELVES TO SOV]EIGN NATION-/ATES ?R\< REL9QUI%+ !IR 
ID5TITIES4 ,ECONOMIC CAPTIVITY WAS AN EFFECTIVE TOOL 9 ! D5IAL ( ID5TITY & LOSS ( FRE$OM4 ,TE UNILAT]AL 5T]PRISES 
E/ABLI%$ OV] ! RIV]S & OIL RES]VOIRS HAVE NOT ONLY DE/ROY$ ANCI5T CULTURAL >TIFACTS BUT ALSO MU* F]TILE L&4 

,! 9T5SIFICATION ( ECONOMIC COLONIALISM :I* CAME AFT] 
POLITICAL & CULTURAL COLONIZATION WAS ! F9AL NAIL 9 ! C(F94 ,TE F9AL PO9T >RIV$ AT IS3 0EI!R CEASE TO BE A SOCIETY1 OR DIE60 

,! ECONOMIC SY/EM ( A DEMOCRATIC NATION NOT ONLY PUTS 
A /OP TO !SE B>B>IC PRACTICES1 IT BASES ITSELF ON SOCIETY RE- 
E/ABLI%+ CONTROL OV] ITS [N ECONOMY4 ,ECONOMIC AUTONOMY IS ! M9IMUM COMPROMISE TO BE REA*$ BETWE5 ! 
NATION-/ATE & DEMOCRATIC NATION2 ANY LESS] COMPROMISE IS 
A M&ATE = SURR5D] & ANNIHILATION4 ,TE FUR!R+ ( 
ECONOMIC AUTONOMY TO 9DEP5D5CE W\LD MEAN E/ABLI%+ AN OPPOS+ NATION-/ATE1 :I* IS ULTIMATELY SURR5D]+ 
TO CAPITALI/ MOD]NITY4 ,REL9QUI%+ ECONOMIC AUTONOMY1 ON 
! O!R H&1 W\LD MEAN SURR5D]+ TO ! DOM9ANT NATION-/ATE4 ,TE ESS5CE ( ECONOMIC AUTONOMY PR$ICATES NEI!R PRIVATE CAPITALISM NOR /ATE CAPITALISM4 ,IT IS PR$ICAT$ ON 
ECOLOGICAL 9DU/RY & COMMUNAL ECONOMY - ! =M :]E 
DEMOCRACY IS REFLECT$ 9 ! ECONOMY4 ,9DU/RY1 DEVELOPM5T1 
TE*NOLOGY1 BUS9ESSES & [N]%IP >E B\ND BY ! PR9CIPLE ( BE+ AN ECOLOGICAL & DEMOCRATIC SOCIETY4 ,9 ECONOMIC 
AUTONOMY !RE IS NO ROOM = 9DU/RY1 TE*NOLOGY1 DEVELOPM5T1 [N]%IP OR RURAL-URBAN SETTLEM5T ?AT NEGATE ECOLOGICAL & DEMOCRATIC SOCIETY4 ,TE ECONOMY CANNOT BE LEFT TO BE 
A DOMA9 :]E PR(IT & CAPITAL ACCUMULATION MAT]IALIZES4 

,ECONOMIC AUTONOMY IS A MODEL 9 :I* PR(IT & CAPITAL ACCUMULATION IS M9IMIZ$4 ,AL?\< IT DOES NOT REJECT ! 
M>KET1 TRADE1 PRODUCT V>IETY1 COMPETITION & PRODUCTIVITY1 
IT DOES1 H[EV]1 REJECT ! DOM9ANCE ( PR(IT & CAPITAL ACCUMULATION4 ,F9ANCE & F9ANCIAL SY/EMS >E VALIDAT$ ONLY 
9S(> AS !Y S]VE ECONOMIC PRODUCTIVITY & FUNCTIONALITY4 

,MAK+ MONEY FROM MONEY IS REG>D$ AS ! MO/ EF=TLESS 
=M ( EXPLOITATION1 :I* HAS NO PLACE 9 ECONOMIC AUTONOMY4 ,TE ECONOMIC AUTONOMY ( A DEMOCRATIC NATION DOES NOT 
REG>D WORK AS DRUDG]Y1 BUT AS AN ACT ( LIB]ATION4 ,TO SEE 
WORK AS DRUDG]Y IS TO BE ALI5AT$ FROM ! RESULTS ( LABOR4 

,:5 ! RESULTS ( LABOR S]VE ONE'S [N ID5TITY & ! 
9DIVIDUAL'S FRE$OM1 ! SITUATION *ANGES = ! BETT]4 ,?IS 
ISN'T ! SAME AS REAL SOCIALISM'S EF=TS ( COLLECTIVIZATION EI!R4 

,9 ! COMMUNE1 !RE IS NO PLACE = DRUDG]Y OR = WORK 
& LABOR ?AT >E NOT LIB]AT+4 

,! DAMS BUILT ON ,KURDI/AN'S RIV]S HAVE L$ TO HI/ORICAL 
G5OCIDE & ECOLOGICAL DISA/]4 ,NO DAM ?AT IGNORES ECOLOGY1 ! F]TILE L& OR ! HI/ORY CAN BE P]MITT$2 EV5 ?OSE 
?AT HAVE ALREADY BE5 BUILT WILL NOT BE REPLAC$ :5 !Y 
DECAY4 ,IF POSSIBLE1 E>LY ELIM9ATION %\LD NOT BE AVOID$4 

,OPPOSITION TO DE=E/ATION & ]OSION - ! BIGGE/ 5EMY 
( SOCIETY & LIFE - *IMES ) ! SPIRIT ( TOTAL MOBILIZATION4 ,IT DECL>ES ! PROTECTION ( L& & RE=E/ATION TO BE ! MO/ VALUABLE =MS ( LABOR4 

,! ,K,C,K1 AS ! BACKBONE ( ! DEMOCRATIC NATION1 PR$ICATES ITSELF ON & SEES ECONOMIC AUTONOMY & COMMUNAL ECONOMY AS ESS5TIAL TO ! SELF-DEF5SE ( SOCIETY4 ,JU/ AS SOCIETY CANNOT SU/A9 ITSELF )\T SELF-DEF5SE1 ! N\RI%M5T & SU/5ANCE ( SOCIETY IS ONLY POSSIBLE ) ECONOMIC 
AUTONOMY1 DEP5D5T ON SOIL CONS]VATION & RE=E/ATION1 ECOLOGY & COMMUNE4 

,ECONOMIC AUTONOMY ALSO REQUIRES A LEGAL BASIS4 ,! UNI=MITY & C5TRALISM ( ! LAWS ( ! SOV]EIGN NATION-/ATE 
HAMP] ECONOMIC CREATIVITY1 ! 5VIRONM5T & COMPETITION 
UND] ! PRETEXT ( UNITY4 ,9 PLACE ( SU* AN UND]/&+ 
( LAW ESS5TIALLY BAS$ ON ECONOMIC COLONIALISM1 !RE IS AN 
URG5T NE$ = A LOCALIZ$ ECONOMY ?AT FUNCTIONS AUTONOM\SLY BUT :I* TAKES 9TO ACC\NT COORD9ATION ) ! 
NATIONAL ECONOMY4 ,AN ECONOMIC LAW ?AT MAKES ALL[ANCE = 
LOCAL M>KET DYNAMICS1 BUT :I* DOES NOT D5Y ! NATIONAL 
M>KET1 IS CRUCIAL4 ,A S+LE C5TRAL LEGAL SY/EM IS ! BIGGE/ 
FACTOR = CONS]VATISM4 ,IT IS COMPLETELY POLITICAL & MAKES NO 
ECONOMIC S5SE4 

#f - ,LEGAL ,/RUCTURE 

,DEMOCRATIC LAW IS A LAW BAS$ ON DIV]SITY4 ,MORE IMPORTANTLY1 
IT MAKES LITTLE REF]5CE TO LEGAL REGULATION & IS A SIMPLE CON/RUCT4 ,?R\<\T HI/ORY1 ! SOV]EIGN NATION-/ATE IS A /ATE 
=M ?AT HAS DEVELOP$ LEGAL REGULATIONS TO ! GREATE/ EXT5T1 9 ORD] TO ELIM9ATE ! MORAL & POLITICAL SOCIETY4 ,PA/ 
SOCIETIES ATTEMPT$ TO A L>GE EXT5T TO SOLVE !IR PROBLEMS 
?R\< MORAL & POLITICAL REGULATIONS4 ,CAPITALI/ MOD]NITY 
ATTEMPT$ TO VE/ ALL ( ITS LEGITIMACY ON LAW4 ,CAPITALI/ MOD]NITY'S EXCESSIVE 9T]V5TION 9 & EXPLOITATION ( SOCIETY 
L$ IT TO RESORT TO A COMPLICAT$ TOOL CALL$ LAW ?AT =MALIZ$ 
JU/ICE4 

,LAW1 RA!R ?AN CONSI/+ ( LAWS REGULAT+ ! RI<TS & 
DUTIES ( 9DIVIDUALS & SOCIETY1 AS IT IS SO (T5 CLAIM$ TO BE1 
IT IS ! >T ( RUL+ ?R\< EXCESSIVE REGULATION 9T5D$ TO 
LEGITIMIZE ! 9JU/ICES CAUS$ BY CAPITALISM4 ,RUL+ ?R\< 
LAWS RA!R ?AN MORAL & POLITICAL RULES IS SPECIFIC TO CAPITALI/ MOD]NITY4 ,REJECT+ MORALS & POLITICS1 ! B\RGEOISIE RESORTS TO ! 9/RUM5T ( LAW1 :I* GIVES IT 5ORM\S 
P[]4 ,9 ! H&S ( ! B\RGEOISIE1 LAW IS A P[]FUL 
WEAPON4 ,IT DEF5DS ITSELF ?R\< LAW AGA9/ BO? ! =M] 
MORAL & POLITICAL ORD] & ! WORK]S4 ,TE P[] ( ! 
NATION-/ATE IS L>GELY D]IV$ FROM ! P[] ( A LEGAL SY/EM 
?AT HAS BE5 UNILAT]ALLY REGULAT$4 ,TE LAWS1 9 A S5SE1 >E 
! V]SES ( ! NATION-/ATE GOD4 ,IT PREF]S TO RULE ITS SOCIETY 
?R\< !SE V]SES4 

,IT IS = ?IS REASON ?AT ! DEMOCRATIC NATION IS S5SITIVE 
T[>DS LAW1 ESPECIALLY CON/ITUTIONAL LAW4 ,! DEMOCRATIC 
NATION IS MORE ( A MORAL & POLITICAL NATION ?AN A NATION 
BAS$ ON LAW4 ,TE NE$ = LAW >ISES IF A LIFE ) NATION-/ATES 
UND] A COMMON POLITICAL RO( & COMPROMISE IS OPT$ =4 

,:5 ?IS HAPP5S1 ! DI/9CTION BETWE5 NATIONAL LAW & 
! LAWS ( LOCAL GOV]NM5T GA9S IMPORTANCE4 ,:5 ! NATION-/ATE LAWS1 :I* >E BAS$ ON UNILAT]ALLY C5TRALIZ$ BUREAUCRATIC 9T]E/S1 CON/ANTLY FACE ! RESI/ANCE ( LOCAL & 
CULTURAL DEMOCRATIC GR\PS !Y MU/ EMBRACE ! LAWS ( ! 
LOCAL GOV]NM5T4 

,DUE TO ! FACT ?AT ! EXI/5CE ( ,KURDI/AN & ,KURDS 
HAS BE5 D5I$1 ! ,KURDS HAVE NO LAWS SPECIFIC TO !M4 ,9 
! ,OTTOMAN P]IOD1 ! ,KURDS HAD BO? WRITT5 & TRADITIONAL LAWS4 ,FROM #aibe ONW>DS ,KURDI% ID5TITY WAS REG>D$ 
AS NON-EXI/5T1 TO BE WIP$ FROM HI/ORY ?R\< CONSPIRACIES1 C\PS & ASSIMILATION4 ,:ILE ,P,K,K'S RESI/ANCE HAS REE/ABLI%$ ! EXI/5CE ( ! ,KURDS1 IT HAS NOT YET BE5 ABLE 
TO 5SURE A LEGAL DEF9ITION4 ,DUR+ ?IS P]IOD ! ,K,C,K WILL 
WORK TO P]SUADE ! NATION-/ATES TO RECOGNIZE ! ,KURDI% 
5TITY LEGALLY BUT IF ?IS DOES NOT HAPP51 IT WILL UNILAT]ALLY 
DEVELOP ITS [N AUTONOM\S LEGAL SY/EM4 ,H[EV]1 ,K,C,K WILL 
GIVE PRIORITY TO F9D ITSELF A PLACE )9 ! NATIONAL CON/ITUTIONS4 ,?US1 9 ACCORDANCE ) SU* PRIORITY1 IT WILL WORK 
TO EXPRESS ITS DEMOCRATIC AUTONOMY /ATUS )9 ! NATIONAL 
DEMOCRATIC CON/ITUTIONS4 ,?IS IS :AT IS MEANT BY A PEACEFUL & DEMOCRATIC SOLUTION TO ! ,KURDI% QUE/ION3 ,NATIONAL 
DEMOCRATIC CON/ITUTIONAL COMPROMISE BAS$ ON DEMOCRATIC 
AUTONOMY /ATUS4 ,IF ! ,K,C,K DOES NOT SUCCE$ 9 ITS PREF]R$ 
NATIONAL DEMOCRATIC CON/ITUTIONAL SOLUTION ) DEMOCRATIC 
AUTONOMY /ATUS BAS$ ON A COMPROMISE1 IT WILL MAKE ! 
TRANSITION TO UNILAT]AL ,DEMOCRATIC ,AUTONOM\S ,GOV]NANCE 
AS ITS SECOND PREF]R$ OPTION4 ,TE ,DEMOCRATIC ,AUTONOM\S 
,GOV]NANCE 9 ,KURDI/AN IS NOT A NATION-/ATE ) GOV]NANCE 
?R\< LAWS4 ,IT IS ! GOV]NANCE ( DEMOCRATIC MOD]NITY ON 
A LOCAL & REGIONAL SCALE4 

#g - ,CULTURE 

,! /ATE RE/S ON ?\S&S ( YE>S ( PATRI>*AL CULTURE4 

,! /ATE 9/ITUTION IS A MALE 9V5TION1 :]E W>S ) ! 
OBJECTIVE ( PILLAG+ & LOOT+ HAVE ALMO/ BECOME A =M 
( PRODUCTION4 ,9/EAD ( WOMAN'S SOCIAL EFFECTIVITY BAS$ ON 
PRODUCTION1 A TRANSITION TO MAN'S SOCIAL EFFECTIVITY BAS$ ON 
W>S & BOOTY OCCURR$4 ,!RE IS A CLOSE CORRELATION BETWE5 
! 5SLAVEM5T ( WOM5 & W>RIOR SOCIETY CULTURE4 ,W> 
DOES NOT PRODUCE1 IT SEIZES & PILLAGES4 ,AL?\< 9 C]TA9 
SPECIFIC CIRCUM/ANCES VIOL5CE HAS PLAY$ A DECISIVE ROLE 9 SOCIETAL DEVELOPM5T - CLE>+ ! PA? TO FRE$OM1 RESI/+ 
OCCUPATION1 9VASION & COLONIALISM - IT IS L>GELY DE/RUCTIVE 
& NEGATIVE4 ,! 9T]NALIZ$ CULTURE ( VIOL5CE 9 A SOCIETY 
IS ALSO FUEL$ BY W>S4 ,TE SWORD ( W> AMONG ! /ATES & 
! H& ( MAN )9 ! FAMILY BO? EPITOMIZE DOM9ATION4 

,9 ADDITION1 BY =MALIZ+ ! CULTURAL NORMS ( A DOM9ANT E?NICITY OR A RELIGI\S COMMUNITY UND] ! NAME ( 
NATIONAL CULTURE1 CAPITALI/ MOD]NITY DECL>ES W> AGA9/ ALL 
O!R CULTURAL 5TITIES4 ,BY CLAIM+ ?AT RELIGIONS1 E?NICITIES1 
PEOPLES1 NATIONS1 LANGUAGES & CULTURES ?AT HAVE PRES]V$ 
!MSELVES = ?\S&S ( YE>S 0H>M NATIONAL UNITY01 CAPITALI/ MOD]NITY PREP>ES TO DE/ROY !M EI!R BY =CE OR 
?R\< MAT]IAL 9C5TIVES4 ,9 NO O!R TIME 9 HI/ORY HAVE 
SO MANY LANGUAGES1 RELIGIONS1 D5OM9ATIONS1 E?NIC TRIBES & 
ASIRET AS WELL AS PEOPLES & NATIONS FALL5 VICTIM TO !SE POLICIES1 OR TO BE MORE PRECISE1 G5OCIDES4 ,PHYSICAL G5OCIDES >E 
ACTUALLY A DROP 9 ! OCEAN :5 COMP>$ ) IMMAT]IAL 
G5OCIDE4 ,CULTURAL & L+UI/IC VALUES TOGE!R ) !IR 
COMMUNITIES ?AT HAVE EXI/$ = ?\S&S ( YE>S >E SACRIFIC$1 = ! SAKE ( ! SACR$ ACT ( CREAT+ 'NATIONAL UNITY'4 

,! CULTURAL DIM5SION1 TOO1 IS V]Y IMPORTANT 9 ! =MATION ( NATIONS4 ,9 ! N>R[ S5SE1 CULTURE REPRES5TS ! TRADITIONAL M5TALITY & EMOTIONAL REALITY ( A SOCIETY4 ,AGA91 9 
! N>R[ S5SE1 RELIGION1 PHILOSOPHY1 MY?OLOGY1 SCI5CE & 
V>I\S >T =MS CON/ITUTE ! CULTURE ( A SOCIETY4 ,9 A WAY1 
!Y REPRES5T ! M9DSET & M5TAL /ATE ( A SOCIETY4 ,9 A 
NATION-/ATE1 OR AS NATIONS >E =M$ BY ! /ATE1 ! WORLD 
( CULTURE IS GREATLY DI/ORT$ & DECIMAT$4 ,?IS IS BECAUSE 
9 NO O!R WAY CAN ! /ATE LEGITIMIZE ITS RULE ( MAXIMUM 
PR(IT & CAPITAL ACCUMULATION4 ,MOD]NITY & ! NATION- 
/ATE CANNOT DEVELOP )\T FIR/ RECON/RUCT+ CULTURE & 
HI/ORY ACCORD+ TO !IR [N 9T]E/S4 ,TE RESULT+ REALITY 
( MOD]NITY & NATION-/ATE HAS NO RELATION TO REALITY ( HI/ORY & CULTURE2 IT REPRES5TS A DIFF]5T MEAN+ 9 T]MS ( 
! TRU?4 

,! ROLE ( CULTURE 9 CAPITALI/ MOD]NITY IS VITAL4 ,CULTURE1 
AS ! TOTAL M5TALITY ( ALL SOCIAL SPH]ES1 IS FIR/ SUBJECT$ TO 
ASSIMILATION 7TO ACCOMMODATE ECONOMIC & POLITICAL HEGEMONY71 !N IT IS TURN$ 9TO AN 9DU/RY TO BE SPREAD EXT5SIVELY 
& 9T5SIVELY TO ALL ! SOCIETIES 7NATIONS1 PEOPLES1 NATION- 
/ATES1 CIVIL SOCIETY1 CORPORATIONS7 ( ! WORLD4 ,! 9DU/RIALIZATION ( CULTURE IS ! SECOND MO/ EFFECTIVE MEANS ( 5SLAVEM5T4 ,CULTURE1 9 A N>R[ S5SE1 REPRES5TS ! M9DSET ( 
SOCIETIES4 ,?\<T1 TA/E & MORALS >E ITS ?REE FUNDAM5TAL 
ISSUES4 ,IT HAS TAK5 C5TURIES = POLITICAL & ECONOMIC P[] 
TO BESIEGE & BUY (F ! CULTURAL ELEM5TS4 ,!Y HAVE REG>D- 
$ ! APPROPRIATION ( CULTURAL ELEM5TS AS 9DISP5SABLE = 
!IR LEGITIMACY ?R\<\T CIVILIZATIONAL HI/ORY4 ,ECONOMIC 
& RUL+ P[]S W]E QUICK TO NOTICE ?IS & TO TAKE PRECAUTIONS4 ,TE ASSIMILATION ( CULTURE BY ! RUL]S DATES BACK 
TO ! 9CEPTION ( HI]>*Y4 ,IT IS ! ESS5TIAL TOOL = RUL+4 

,)\T CULTURAL HEGEMONY1 ECONOMIC & P[] MONOPOLIES CANNOT RULE4 ,TE EMPIRE /AGE ( CAPITALISM IS ONLY POSSIBLE 
) A DEVELOP$ CULTURAL 9DU/RY4 ,IT IS = ?IS REASON ?AT ! 
/RUGGLE AGA9/ CULTURAL HEGEMONY REQUIRES CON/ANT DILIG5CE4 

,9 CONTRA/1 DEMOCRATIC SOCIETY1 ! MORAL & POLITICAL SOCIETY'S CONTEMPOR>Y =M ( MOD]NITY1 IS A SOCIETY ?AT TRULY ACCOMMODATES DIFF]5CE 9 ! BROADE/ S5SE4 ,ALL SOCIAL 
GR\PS )9 DEMOCRATIC SOCIETY CAN CO-EXI/ ON ! BASIS ( 
DIFF]5CES ?AT =M >\ND !IR [N CULTURE & ID5TITY 
)\T BE+ CONF9$ TO A UNI=M CULTURE & CITIZ5%IP4 

,SOCIETIES CAN REVEAL !IR POT5TIAL 9 T]MS ( ID5TITY DIFF]5TIATION TO POLITICAL DIFF]5TIATION1 & TRANS=M IT 9TO AN 
ACTIVE LIFE4 ,NONE ( ! COMMUNITIES HAS ANY CONC]N ?AT !Y 
W\LD BE HOMOG5IZ$4 ,UNI=MITY IS SE5 AS DE=MITY1 POV]TY-/RICK5 & BOR+4 ,PLURI=MITY1 H[EV]1 (F]S RI*NESS1 BEAUTY & TOL]ANCE4 ,FRE$OM & EQUALITY FL\RI% UND] !SE CONDITIONS4 ,ONLY EQUALITY & FRE$OM ?AT RE/ ON 
DIV]SITY >E VALUABLE4 ,AS A MATT] ( FACT1 FRE$OM & EQUALITY 
ATTA9$ VIA ! NATION-/ATES IS ONLY = MONOPOLIES1 AS PROV5 
>\ND ! WORLD4 ,P[] & CAPITAL MONOPOLIES NEV] ALL[ 
TRUE FRE$OMS OR EQUALITY4 ,FRE$OM & EQUALITY CAN ONLY BE 
ACQUIR$ ?R\< ! DEMOCRATIC POLITICS ( DEMOCRATIC SOCIETY1 & PROTECT$ ) SELF-DEF5SE4 

,JU/ AS IT IS POSSIBLE TO BR+ TOGE!R DIFF]5T E?NIC CULTURES )9 ! SCOPE ( ! DEMOCRATIC NATION1 IT IS ALSO IMPORTANT TO UTILIZE ! DEMOCRATIC CONT5T ( RELIGI\S CULTURE 
)9 ! DEMOCRATIC NATION AS A FREE1 EQUAL & DEMOCRATIC 
COMPON5T & ALL[ ROOM = IT 9 A RESOLUTION4 ,TE RECONCILIATORY ALLIANCE APPROA* DEVELOP$ BY DEMOCRATIC MOD]NITY 
T[>DS ALL ANTI-SY/EMIC MOVEM5TS %\LD ALSO BE DEVELOP$ 
T[>DS ! RELIGI\S CULTURE ) DEMOCRATIC CONT5T2 ?IS IS 
)9 ! SCOPE ( ANO!R TASK ?AT IS ( VITAL IMPORTANCE4 

,! DEMOCRATIC NATION TRIES TO COMPOSE ITSELF BY RE9/AT+ 
! TRUE MEAN+ ( HI/ORY & CULTURE1 :I* 9 ! PROCESS 
IS REBORN 9 ! =MATION ( ! DEMOCRATIC NATION4 

,! DEMOCRATIC NATION SOLUTION ( ! ,KURDI% QUE/ION IS 
FIR/ & =EMO/ L9K$ TO ! CORRECT DEF9ITION ( ,KURDI% 
HI/ORY & CULTURE4 ,TE CORRECT DEF9ITION ( ITS HI/ORY & 
CULTURE WILL BR+ ! RECOGNITION ( ITS SOCIAL EXI/5CE ) IT- 
SELF4 ,! D5IAL & ANNIHILATION ( ! ,KURDS 9 ! ,REPUBLIC 
( ,TURKEY'S HI/ORY BEGAN ) ! D5IAL ( ,KURDI% HI/ORY 
& ! ANNIHILATION ( ITS CULTURAL H]ITAGE1 FIR/ ELIM9AT+ 
ITS IMMAT]IAL CULTURE & !N ITS MAT]IAL CULTURE4 ,IT IS = 
?IS REASON ?AT IT WAS RI<T = ! ,P,K,K TO BEG9 BUILD+ ) 
AN AW>5ESS ( HI/ORY & CULTURE4 ,BY ATTEMPT+ TO EXPLA9 
,KURDI% HI/ORY & CULTURE ?R\< COMP>ISON ) O!R 
PEOPLE'S HI/ORY & CULTURE >\ND ! WORLD1 & TO PROCLAIM 
IT 9 A MANIFE/O CALL$ ,TE ,PA? ( ! ,KURDI/AN ,REVOLUTION AL- 
L[$ ! ,P,K,K TO PLAY ! ROLE ( A REVOLUTION>Y ,R5AISSANCE 
9 ! RE9VIGORATION ( ,KURDI% HI/ORY & CULTURE4 

,! CON/RUCTION ( ! ,KURDI% DEMOCRATIC NATION IS 
QUALITATIVELY DIFF]5T FROM ! NATIONALI/ & /ATI/ NATION- 
BUILD+ PROCESSES4 ,IT IS DIFF]5T FROM SOV]EIGN NATION-/ATE 
NATIONALISM & ,KURDI% NATIONALI/ & /ATI/ APPROA*ES2 IT 
IS AN ALT]NATIVE CON/RUCTION ( A NATION GR\ND$ ON ! HI/ORY & CULTURE ( WORK]S & PEOPLES4 

,! ,KURDI% DEMOCRATIC NATION WILL GRADUALLY ACQUIRE A FUR!R /RUCTURAL QUALITY UND] ,K,C,K & PRES5T A NEW PRAXIS ( 
NATION CON/RUCTION ?AT WILL BECOME A MODEL = ! ,MIDDLE 
,EA/]N PEOPLES4 ,IT IS OP5 TO MORE EXT5SIVE DEMOCRATIC NATIONAL UNIONS & ALLIANCES ) O!R PEOPLES ON ! BASIS ( 
AN OP5-5D$ UND]/&+ ( DEMOCRATIC NATION4 ,IT WILL 
9ITIATE ! RISE ( A NEW ]A1 ! ]A ( DEMOCRATIC MOD]NITY1 
?R\< ! REVOLUTION>Y & DEMOCRATIC NATION R5AISSANCE 
AGA9/ ! CULTURAL & HI/ORICAL D5IALISM ( NATION-/ATES 
?AT CANNOT TRANSC5D !IR ROLE AS AG5TS ( ,WE/]N MOD]NITY4 

#h - ,SELF-,DEF5SE ,SY/EM 

,ALL SPECIES ( LIV+ ORGANISMS HAVE DEF5SE SY/EMS ( !IR 
[N4 ,!RE IS NOT A S+LE DEF5SELESS SPECIES4 ,AS A MATT] ( 
FACT1 IT IS POSSIBLE TO 9T]PRET ! RESI/ANCE %[N BY EA* 
ELEM5T OR P>TICLE 9 ! UNIV]SE TO PROTECT ITS EXI/5CE AS 
SELF-DEF5SE4 

,! SAME SY/EM IS MORE ?AN VALID = HUMAN SPECIES & 
SOCIETIES TOO4 ,DEF5SE 9 HUMAN SPECIES IS AS MU* SOCIAL AS IT 
IS BIOLOGICAL4 ,BIOLOGICAL DEF5SE IS P]=M$ BY ! DEF5SIVE 
9/9CTS ( EV]Y LIV+ ORGANISM4 ,9 SOCIETAL DEF5SE1 H[EV]1 ALL ! 9DIVIDUALS ( ! COMMUNITY COLLECTIVELY DEF5D 
!MSELVES4 ,MOREOV]1 ! NUMB] ( COMMUNITIES & !IR 
ORGANIZATIONAL =M CON/ANTLY *ANGE ACCORD+ TO ! MEANS 
( DEF5SE4 ,DEF5SE IS AN ESS5TIAL FUNCTION ( SOCIETY4 ,LIFE 
CANNOT BE SU/A9$ )\T IT4 

,ANO!R IMPORTANT CONCLUSION WE CAN DRAW FROM ! SELF- 
DEF5SE ME*ANISMS ( LIV+ ORGANISMS IS ?AT ?IS DEF5SE 
IS ONLY 9T5D$ = ! PROTECTION ( !IR EXI/5CE4 ,!Y DO 
NOT E/ABLI% DOM9ANCE & COLONIZATION SY/EMS OV] !IR 
[N SPECIES OR ANY O!R SPECIES4 ,SY/EMS ( DOM9ATION & 
EXPLOITATION W]E FIR/ DEVELOP$ BY ! HUMAN SPECIES4 ,! 
M5TAL DEVELOPM5T ( ! HUMAN SPECIES ?AT RESULT$ 9 POSSIBILITIES ( EXPLOITATION & 9 CONNECTION ) ?IS ! ATTA9M5T ( SURPLUS-PRODUCT PLAYS A ROLE 9 ?IS4 ,?IS SITUATION 
LEADS TO PROTECT+ ITS EXI/5CE ALONG ) DEF5D+ ! VALUES ( LABOR1 9 O!R WORDS1 SOCIAL W>S4 

,:5 WE VIEW ?+S FROM ! DEMOCRATIC SOCIETY P]SPECTIVE WE MU/ UND]L9E ! FOLL[+3 :5 WE TALK AB\T SELF- 
DEF5SE RA!R ?AN A MILIT>Y /ANCE OR AN >M$ ORGANIZATION 
:AT WE MEAN IS ! ORGANIZATION ( SOCIETY TO PROTECT ITSELF 9 
EV]Y SPH]E1 & = IT TO /RUGGLE BAS$ ON !SE ORGANIZATIONS4 

,?IS SAID1 9 ORD] TO C\NT] ! ATTACKS ( ! /ATI/ SY/EM 
AGA9/ SOCIETY & TO PROTECT SOCIETY1 MILIT>Y ORGANIZATIONS 
MAY ALSO BE NE$$1 TO DEF5D SOCIETY 9 ALL ITS DIV]SITY4 ,& 
?IS C\LD BE DEEM$ AS LEGITIMATE DEF5SE4 ,BUT ?IS SORT ( 
MILIT>Y ORGANIZATION1 ORGANIZ$ 9 ?IS WAY1 S]V+ TO PROTECT 
SOCIETY & ITS REORGANIZATION1 CANNOT M]ELY BE EVALUAT$ AS A 
MILIT>Y ORGANIZATION EI!R4 ,! FUNCTION ( ! MILIT>Y =CES 
AT ! S]VICE ( SOCIETY1 ! FUNDAM5TAL SELF-DEF5SE =CES1 IS 
TO PLAY ! ROLE ( A CATALY/ TO SPE$ UP & PROTECT ! /RUGGLE ( DEMOCRATIC SOCIETY4 ,MILIT>Y =CES ?AT MOVE AWAY FROM 
!SE FUNCTIONS CANNOT AVOID BE+ TRANS=M$ 9TO AN (F5SIVE =CE ?AT IS AN 9/RUM5T ( HEGEMONIC =CES4 

,SELF-DEF5SE DOES NOT ONLY /IPULATE AN >M$ /RUCTURE2 AL- 
?\< IT DOES NOT REJECT ! USE ( =CE :5 NECESS>Y1 IT 
CAN NOT BE VIEW$ ONLY AS AN >M$ /RUCTURE4 ,IT REPRES5TS ! 
ORGANIZATION ( ! SOCIETY 9 ALL SPH]ES & 9 RELATION TO ITS 
[N ID5TITY & LIFE3 ! DECISIONS TAK5 TO ?IS 5D REFLECT SOCIETY'S [N WILL & >E IMPLEM5T$ AT SOCIETY'S BEHE/4 ,VALUES 
?AT US$ TO BELONG TO ! PEOPLE & ! C\NTRY BUT W]E 
USURP$ BY ! COLONIALI/ P[]S >E RETRIEV$ & RETURN$ TO 
SOCIAL VALUES 9 AN ACT ( SELF-DEF5SE4 ,! SOCIETY %\LD ATTA9 
A POSITION :]E IT CAN BO? PROTECT ITS VALUES & RECOV] ITS 
USURP$ RI<TS 9 ORD] = IT TO GOV]N ITSELF4 ,?IS IS ! WAY TO 
CREATE A DEMOCRATIC NATION4 

,A SELF-DEF5SE ME*ANISM = WOM51 AS ! MO/ OPPRESS$ 
& SUPPRESS$ SEGM5T ( SOCIETY1 IS ALSO ( VITAL IMPORTANCE4 ,UND] ! PATRI>*AL SY/EM ALL RI<TS ( WOM5 W]E 
USURP$4 ,WOM5 CAN CIRCUMV5T !SE POLICIES ( DEGRADATION1 H>ASSM5T1 RAPE & SLAU<T] ?R\< ! =MATION ( 
!IR [N SELF-DEF5SE ME*ANISMS4 ,= ?IS REASON1 !Y NE$ 
TO LE>N !IR HI/ORY1 CREATE !IR [N ORGANIZATIONS & 9/ITUTIONS1 C>VE \T SPACE = !MSELVES 9 ALL >EAS ( LIFE & IF 
NECESS>Y CREATE !IR [N MILIT>Y =CES4 

,AN IMPORTANT & 9DISP5SABLE HEAD+ )9 ! ,K,C,K'S 
PROGRAM = ! CON/RUCTION ( A DEMOCRATIC NATION IS 
H[ SELF-DEF5SE IS GO+ TO BE TI$ TO A P]MAN5T SY/EMATIC4 ,TE NATION-/ATES1 :O >E ! SOLE >M$ MONOPOLY1 WILL 
BE UNSP>+ IF !Y HAVE ! OPPORTUNITY TO IMPLEM5T NEW 
POLICIES ( D5IAL1 ANNIHILATION & ASSIMILATION4 ,!SE POLICIES 
HAVE COMPELL$ ! CREATION ( A P]MAN5T SELF-DEF5SE SY/EM BY ! ,K,C,K4 ,TE M9IMUM REQUIREM5T = COEXI/5CE 
) NATION-/ATES IS = ! ,KURDI% ID5TITY & EXI/5CE TO 
BE CON/ITUTIONALLY GU>ANTE$4 ,CON/ITUTIONAL GU>ANTEE IS NOT 
5\<3 CONCRETE GR\NDS = ?IS GU>ANTEE %\LD BE S\<T 
?R\< /ATUSES DET]M9$ BY LAW4 ,AP>T FROM ! JO9T 
NATIONAL DEF5SE = EXT]NAL ?REATS1 ,KURDI% SOCIETY %\LD 
MEET !IR [N SECURITY REQUIREM5TS4 ,?IS IS BECAUSE A SOCIETY CAN ONLY 5SURE ITS 9T]NAL SECURITY 9 ACCORDANCE ) ITS 
REQUIREM5TS4 ,!RE=E1 ! RELAT$ NATION-/ATES 7! C5TRALIZ$ NATION-/ATES ( ,TURKEY1 ,IRAN1 ,IRAQ & ,SYRIA7 MU/ IMPLEM5T IMPORTANT RE=MS 9 !IR [N 9T]NAL SECURITY POLICIES4 

,IF A COMPROMISE CANNOT BE AGRE$ ) ! RELEVANT NATION- 
/ATES1 ! ,K,C,K1 ON ! BASIS ( PROTECT+ ! UNILAT]AL CON/RUCTION ( ! DEMOCRATIC NATION ) ALL ITS DIM5SIONS1 
%\LD TRY TO ORGANIZE ! QUANTITATIVE & QUALITATIVE /ATUS ( 
ITS [N SELF-DEF5SE =CES ACCORD+ TO NEW NE$S4 

#i - ,DIPLOMACY 

,ONE ( ! MO/ DEVELOP$ ACTIVITIES BY ! NATION-/ATE IS 
DIPLOMACY BETWE5 NATION-/ATES4 ,DIPLOMACY DESCRIBES PRE- 
W> ACTIVITIES BETWE5 NATION-/ATES4 ,IT MAY EV5 BE DEF9$ AS 
! PREP>ATORY PHASE = W>S 9 ! HI/ORY ( NATION-/ATES4 

,?R\<\T HI/ORY !RE HAVE ALWAYS BE5 C]TA9 RITUALS ( 
EXPRESS+ NEI<BORHOOD RELATIONS BETWE5 DIFF]5T TYPES ( 
COMMUNAL UNITS4 ,!SE >E DEEM$ V]Y VALUABLE4 ,! REASON 
NATION-/ATES HAVE 9/ITUTIONALIZ$ ?IS RELATION%IP CAN BE 
L9K$ TO ! PR(IT T5D5CY ( CAPITALI/ MOD]NITY4 ,IF RELATION%IPS >E MORE PR(ITABLE 9 TIMES ( PEACE !N !RE IS 
NO NE$ = W>4 ,DIPLOMACY S]VES TO A*IEVE PR(ITABLE RELATIONS4 ,IF ! MAXIMUM PR(IT T5D5CY IS L9K$ TO W>1 !N 
DIPLOMATIC =CES WILL BE UNABLE TO AV]T A PR(ITABLE W>1 ?US 
T]M9AT+ ! NE$ = DIPLOMACY4 ,DIPLOMACY HAS BE5 R$UC$ TO ! LOGIC ( PR(IT2 IT NO LONG] HAS ANY L9K TO ! 
MEAN+FUL 9T]-SOCIETAL RELATIONS ?AT EXI/$ ?R\<\T HI/ORY4 ,DIPLOMACY HAS BE5 DEGRAD$ TO A MANIPULATIVE TOOL 9 
! GAME ( PR(ITABLE W>S BETWE5 NATION-/ATES4 

,DEMOCRATIC NATION DIPLOMACY MU/ FIR/ CREATE A COMMON 
PLAT=M BETWE5 ,KURDS :O >E FRAGM5T$ & DIVID$ 9 
V>I\S WAYS4 ,ALL O!R DIPLOMATIC ACTIVITIES1 ESPECIALLY ?OSE 
?AT EA* ORGANIZATION WI%ES TO DEVELOP ON !IR [N & 
ACCORD+ TO !IR [N 9T]E/S1 HAVE DONE MORE H>M ?AN 
GOOD & HAVE S]V$ FUR!R TO FRAGM5T1 CREATE CONFLICT 
& DIVIDE ,KURDS4 ,IT IS = ?IS REASON ?AT E/ABLI%+ ! 
,DEMOCRATIC ,NATIONAL ,CONGRESS IS ! MO/ VITAL PRIORITY = 
,KURDI% DIPLOMACY4 ,DIPLOMACY ?AT RE/S ON ! ,IRAQI-,KURDI% 
,F$]AL ,/ATE IS IMPORTANT1 BUT CANNOT MEET ! NE$S ( ALL 
,KURDI% PEOPLE4 ,?IS /ATE HAS NEI!R ! ABILITY TO MEET ?IS 
DEM& NOR ! CONDITIONS ?AT W\LD ALL[ IT TO DO SO4 ,A 
DIPLOMACY ?AT MEETS ! NE$S ( ALL ,KURDS CAN BE DEVELOP$ 
ONLY ?R\< A ,DEMOCRATIC ,NATIONAL ,CONGRESS4 ,!RE=E1 ! 
PRIM>Y TASK IS TO ASSEMBLE ! ,DEMOCRATIC ,NATIONAL ,CONGRESS 
& DECL>E IT TO BE A P]MAN5T G5]AL 9TEGRATIVE NATIONAL 
DEMOCRATIC ORGANIZATION4 ,IT IS CLE> ?AT = SOME TIME TO COME1 
RELATIONS & CONTRADICTIONS BO? IDEOLOGICALLY & POLITICALLY 
WILL CONT9UE BETWE5 ,K,C,K AS IT BUILDS A DEMOCRATIC NATION 
& ! ,KURDI/AN ,REGIONAL ,GOV]NM5T 9 ,IRAQ'S NATION- 
/ATI/ CON/RUCTION4 ,9 ?IS REG>D1 ! ,DEMOCRATIC ,NATIONAL 
,CONGRESS MAY S]VE AS A SOLUTION ORI5TAT$ UMBRELLA ORGANIZATION4 

,DIPLOMACY1 :I* ONCE AGA9 BECOMES A TOOL = PEACE & 
SOLID>ITY AS WELL AS CREATIVE EX*ANGES BETWE5 SOCIETIES1 DEALS 
ESS5TIALLY ) ! SOLUTION ( PROBLEMS4 ,DEMOCRATIC NATION 
DIPLOMACY IS A TOOL = PEACE & B5EFICIAL RELATIONS1 NOT W>S4 

,IT SIGNIFIES A MISSION :]E WISE PEOPLE PLAY A ROLE & :I* 
HAS HI< E?ICAL & POLITICAL VALUES4 ,IT PLAYS AN IMPORTANT ROLE 
9 DEVELOP+ & MA9TA9+ BILAT]ALLY B5EFICIAL PROCESSES 
& FRI5DLY RELATIONS ESPECIALLY AMONG NEI<BOR+ PEOPLES 
& RELAT$ COMMUNITIES4 ,IT IS ! CON/RUCTIVE =CE ( COMMON SOCIALITIES & ! SYN!SIS ( SOCIETIES AT HI<] LEVELS4 

,! DIPLOMACY ( ! DEMOCRATIC NATION CAN PLAY A LA/+ ROLE 
& PROVIDE SOLUTIONS 9 ! CONTEXT ( DEMOCRATIC MOD]NITY 
BETWE5 ! PEOPLES & NATIONS ( ! ,MIDDLE ,EA/ :O HAVE 
5DUR$ *AOS & CONFLICT BECAUSE ( NATION-/ATE DIPLOMACY4 

,! GLOBAL UNION ( DEMOCRATIC NATIONS1 AS AN ALT]NATIVE TO 
! ,U,N1 IS ! ,WORLD ,CONF$]ATION ( ,DEMOCRATIC ,NATIONS4 

,CONT95TS & L>GE CULTURAL REGIONS CAN =M !IR [N 
,CONF$]ATIONS ( ,DEMOCRATIC ,NATIONS1 TOO4 

#f4 ,T,O ,B,E ,A ,Q,U,E,/,] ,( ,D,E,M,O,C,R,A,T,I,C ,N,A,T,I,O,N ,S,O,L,U,T,I,O,N 

,! CON/RUCTION ( ! DEMOCRATIC NATION 9 ,KURDI/AN IS ! 
NEW HI/ORICAL & SOCIETAL EXPRESSION ( ! ,KURDI% EXI/5CE 
& ITS FREE LIFE ?AT REQUIRES BO? !ORETICAL & PRACTICAL 
CONC5TRATION & TRANS=MATION4 ,IT REPRES5TS A TRU? ?AT 
REQUIRES DEVOTION AT ! LEVEL ( REAL LOVE4 ,JU/ AS !RE IS NO 
ROOM = FALSE LOVE 9 ?IS VOYAGE1 !RE IS ALSO NO ROOM = 
UNCOMMITT$ TRAVEL]S4 ,9 ?IS VOYAGE1 ! QUE/ION ( :5 
! CON/RUCTION ( ! DEMOCRATIC NATION WILL BE COMPLET$ IS 
A R$UNDANT ONE4 ,?IS IS A CON/RUCTION ?AT WILL NEV] BE F9I%$3 IT IS AN ONGO+ PROCESS4 ,TE CON/RUCTION ( DEMOCRATIC 
NATION HAS ! FRE$OM TO RE-CREATE ITSELF AT EV]Y 9/ANT4 ,9 
SOCIETAL T]MS1 !RE CAN BE NO UTOPIA OR REALITY ?AT IS MORE 
AMBITI\S ?AN ?IS4 ,9 ACCORDANCE ) !IR HI/ORICAL & 
SOCIETAL REALITY1 ! ,KURDS HAVE VIGOR\SLY TURN$ T[>DS ! 
CON/RUCTION ( A DEMOCRATIC NATION4 ,AS A MATT] ( FACT1 !Y 
HAVE LO/ NO?+ BY RIDD+ !MSELVES ( A NATION-/ATE GOD 
9 :I* !Y NEV] BELIEV$2 !Y >E RID ( A V]Y HEAVY BURD51 A BURD5 ?AT BR\<T !M TO ! BR9K ( ANNIHILATION4 

,9/EAD1 !Y HAVE GA9$ ! OPPORTUNITY TO BECOME A DEMOCRATIC NATION4 

,! ,KURDS1 AS 9DIVIDUALS & AS A SOCIETY1 MU/ CONCEIVE1 
9T]NALIZE & IMPLEM5T ! CON/RUCTION ( A DEMOCRATIC 
NATION AS ! SYN!SIS ( ALL EXPRESSIONS ( TRU? & RESI/ANCE 
?R\<\T !IR HI/ORY1 9CLUD+ ! MO/ ANCI5T GODDESS 
BELIEFS1 ,ZOROA/RIANISM & ,ISLAM4 ,TE TRU?S ?AT ALL ! PA/ 
MY?OLOGICAL1 RELIGI\S & PHILOSOPHICAL TEA*+S AS WELL 
AS CONTEMPOR>Y SOCIAL SCI5CES HAVE TRI$ TO TEA* & ?AT 
ALL RESI/ANCE W>S & REBELLIONS HAVE 9DIVIDUALLY & COLLECTIVELY TRI$ TO VOICE >E REPRES5T$ 9 ! M9D & BODY 
( CON/RUCT+ A DEMOCRATIC NATION4 ,IT WAS ?IS REALITY & ITS 
EXPRESSION AS TRU? ?AT WAS MY PO9T ( DEP>TURE1 NOT ONLY 
:5 ,I RE-CREAT$ MYSELF AT TIMES BUT ESPECIALLY >RIV+ AT ! 
PRES5T AS ,I TRI$ TO RE-CREATE MYSELF ALMO/ AT EV]Y 9/ANT4 

,9 ?IS WAY1 ,I FREELY SOCIALIZ$ MYSELF1 & CONCRETIZ$ ?IS AS A 
DEMOCRATIC NATION 79 A ,KURDI% CONTEXT71 & PRES5T$ IT AS 
DEMOCRATIC MOD]NITY TO ALL HUMANITY1 TO ! OPPRESS$ PEOPLES & 9DIVIDUALS ( ! ,MIDDLE ,EA/4 

,IT IS CLE> ?AT C>E NE$S TO BE TAK5 9 ORD] TO PREV5T 
LIB]ALISM - AS IT SO (T5 HAS DONE ?R\<\T ITS HI/ORY 
- FROM DEG5]AT+ & DISSOLV+ !SE POSITIVE T5D5CIES ( DEMOCRATIZATION UND] ITS [N IDEOLOGICAL & MATE- 
RIAL HEGEMONY4 ,TE MO/ /RATEGIC TASK IS TO UNIFY NOT ONLY ALL 
SY/EM OPPON5TS BUT ALSO ! FL[ ( HI/ORICAL-SOCIETY ) 
ALL ITS URBANI/1 LOCAL & REGIONAL POLITICAL =MATIONS 9 A 
NEW IDEOLOGICAL & POLITICAL /RUCTURE4 ,9 ?IS REG>D1 9T]- 
TW9$ ) COMPREH5SIVE !ORETICAL WORK ?AT NE$S TO BE 
TAK5 UP1 !RE IS A NE$ TO DEVELOP A PROGRAM & /RUCTURES = ORGANIZATION & ACTION4 ,! CONDITIONS >E RIPE 9 
! TW5TY-FIR/ C5TURY TO AVOID ! FATE ( CONF$]AL /RUCTURES :I* W]E ELIM9AT$ BY ! NATION-/ATES 9 ! MID-N9ETE5? C5TURY1 & TO A*IEVE ! VICTORY ( DEMOCRATIC 
CONF$]ALISM4 ,9 ORD] = DEMOCRATIC MOD]NITY TO COME 
\T ( ! SU/A9$ DEPRESSION1 :I* IS ! DEEPE/ & ! 
LONGE/ LA/+ DEPRESSION1 SU/A9$ ONLY ?R\< CRISIS MANAGEM5T DUR+ MOD]NITY'S F9ANCE CAPITAL ]A1 ! ABILITY TO 
SUCCE$ 9 ! 9TELLECTUAL1 MORAL & POLITICAL DUTIES ( RECON/RUCTION HAS NEV] HAD SU* A VITAL SIGNIFICANCE4 

#g4 ,C,O,N,C,L,U,S,I,O,N 

,9 ?AT CASE1 IF NEW P>TIES = FRE$OM & EQUALITY WANT TO 
BE CONSI/5T1 !N !Y MU/ DEVELOP POLITICS & SOCIAL =MS 
?AT >E NOT C5T]$ >\ND ! /ATE4 ,TE ALT]NATIVE TO ! 
/ATE IS DEMOCRACY4 ,ALL PA?S - ASIDE FROM DEMOCRACY - ?AT 
HAVE BE5 ATTEMPT$ 9 EF=TS TO C\NT] ! /ATE HAVE COME 
TO NO?+4 ,CONTR>Y TO POPUL> BELIEF1 DEMOCRACY IS NOT A 
=M ( CAPITALI/ /ATE4 ,9 ADDITION1 NO?+ O!R ?AN DEMOCRACY CAN RE/RICT ! /ATE1 & KEEP IT )9 ! LAW4 ,TO 
TOPPLE A /ATE DOESN'T MEAN Y\ HAVE OV]COME ! /ATE CULTURE4 ,A NEW ONE CAN ALWAYS BE CREAT$ TO FILL ! VACUUM4 ,ONLY 
DEMOCRACY %>ES ! SAME >EA ) ! /ATE2 BY RE/RICT+ 
! /ATE1 IT WID5S SOCIETY'S SPH]E ( FRE$OM4 ,IT CAN ?US APPROA* EQUALITY A LITTLE MORE BY R$UC+ ! NUMB] ( APPROPRIAT$ VALUES4 

,!RE=E1 WE CAN DEF9E DEMOCRACY TO BE ! SELF-GOV]NANCE ( A NON-/ATE SOCIETY4 ,DEMOCRACY IS GOV]NANCE ?AT IS 
NOT /ATE2 IT IS ! P[] ( COMMUNITIES TO GOV]N !MSELVES 
)\T ! /ATE4 ,CONTR>Y TO POPUL> BELIEF1 S9CE ITS =MATION HUMAN SOCIETY HAS EXP]I5C$ DEMOCRACY MORE ?AN IT 
HAS EXP]I5C$ ! /ATE4 ,P]HAPS1 ! SITUATION ( A G5]AL 
C\NTRY OR NATION'S DEMOCRACY HAS NOT BE5 9T5SELY EXP]I5C$4 ,BUT ! EM]G5CE ( SOCIETY'S EXI/5CE IS COMMUNAL 
& DEMOCRATIC4 ,)\T COMMUNALITY1 OR 9 ! ABS5CE ( 
HAV+ A DEMOCRATIC REFLEX1 IT IS IMPOSSIBLE = A SOCIETY TO BE 
SOLELY RUL$ BY ! /ATE4 ,! /ATE CAN ONLY RULE BY GR[+ 
AT ! EXP5SE ( COMMUNALITY & DEMOCRACY4 ,! GR\NDS 
\T ( :I* ! /ATE RISES & ON :I* IT ?RIVES >E ! 
SOCIETY'S COMMUNALITY - ! NE$ = COEXI/5CE - & DEM- 
OCRATIC /ANCE4 ,!RE IS A DIALECTIC RELATION%IP BETWE5 ! 
TWO4 ,!RE=E1 :5 SOCIETY & CIVILIZATION MEET1 ! MA9 
CONTRADICTION IS BETWE5 ! /ATE & DEMOCRACY4 ,LESS ( 
ONE IS MORE ( ! O!R4 ,FULL DEMOCRACY IS /ATELESSNESS4 ,FULL 
/ATE SOV]EIGNTY IS ! D5IAL ( DEMOCRACY4 ,/ATES CAN ONLY 
BE TOPPL$ BY /ATES2 DEMOCRACY DOES NOT TOPPLE ! /ATE2 IT 
CAN ONLY PAVE ! WAY = A NEW] /ATE LIKE REAL SOCIALISM DID4 

,DEMOCRACY'S FUNDAM5TAL FUNCTION BECOMES EVID5T 9 ?IS 
MANN]4 ,IT CAN ONLY 9CREASE ! OPPORTUNITIES = FRE$OM 
& EQUALITY BY RE/RICT+ ! /ATE1 MAK+ IT SMALL] & BY 
TRIMM+ ITS OCTOPUS LIKE T5TACLES OV] ! SOCIETY4 ,T[>DS 
! 5D ( ! PROCESS1 P]HAPS ! /ATE WILL BECOME R$UNDANT & FIZZLE \T4 ,TE CONCLUSION WE DRAW FROM ?IS IS ?AT 
! RELATION%IP BETWE5 ! /ATE & DEMOCRACY IS NOT ( ONE 
TOPPL+ ANO!R1 BUT ( TRANSC5D5CE4 

,:AT ,I AM TRY+ TO %[ ) ?IS %ORT ANALYSIS IS ?AT 
\R WORLD-VIEW CONTA9$ A FUNDAM5TAL MI/AKE FROM ! BEG9N+ BECAUSE ( BE+ A /ATE-ORI5T$ P>TY4 ,!SE P>TIES1 :E!R !Y =M A /ATE OR NOT1 CANNOT A*IEVE !IR OBJECTIVES ( DEMOCRACY1 FRE$OM & EQUALITY ?R\< /ATE =MATION4 ,)\T DEVIAT+ FROM ?IS PA?1 ONE CANNOT BECOME A 
NEW LIB]T>IAN & EGALIT>IAN P>TY4 ,9 %ORT1 ! WAY TO BECOME A DEMOCRATIC & SOCIALI/ P>TY IS TO 5SURE R5EWAL BY 
MAK+ ! TRANSITION 9 ! /ATE-ORI5T$ !ORY1 PROGRAM1 
/RATEGY & TACTICS4 ,!RE IS A NE$ = A NON-/ATE ORI5TAT$ 
DEMOCRATIC SOCIALI/ !ORY1 PROGRAM1 /RATEGY & TACTICS4 ,IF 
SELF-CRITICISM DEVELOPS )9 ?IS CONTEXT1 IT WILL BE MEAN+FUL4 ,O!RWISE1 ! OLD ME?ODS WILL P]SI/ UND] ! GUISE 
( ! NEW4 ,TE /ATE ( REAL SOCIALISM1 SOCIAL DEMOCRACY & 
NATIONAL LIB]ATION P>TIES IS 5\< TO PROVE ?IS REALITY4 

,JU/ AS IT HAS BE5 ! CASE MANY TIMES ?R\<\T HI/ORY 
BETWE5 CIVILIZATIONAL =CES & DEMOCRATIC =CES1 CAPITALI/ 
MOD]NITY =CES & DEMOCRATIC MOD]NITY =CES CAN ACCEPT ! EXI/5CE & ID5TITY ( ONE ANO!R1 & CAN COEXI/ 
PEACEFULLY ON ! BASIS ( RECOGNIZ+ DEMOCRATIC AUTONOM\S 
GOV]NANCES4 ,)9 ?IS SCOPE & UND] !SE CONDITIONS1 
)9 & \TSIDE ! BORD]S ( A NATION-/ATE1 DEMOCRATIC 
CONF$]AL POLITICAL =MATIONS CAN PEACEFULLY COEXI/ ) NATION-/ATE =MATIONS4 

,I HAVE TRI$ TO PUZZLE \T & COMPREH5SIVELY ANALYZE ! 
PROPOSITION ?AT :ILE CAPITALI/ MOD]NITY SURVIVES ON ! BASIS ( CAPITALISM1 9DU/RIALISM & NATION-/ATISM1 DEMOCRATIC 
MOD]NITY CAN ONLY COME 9TO EXI/5CE ?R\< DEMOCRATIC 
COMMUNALITY1 ECOLOGICAL 9DU/RY & A DEMOCRATIC NATION4 ,I 
DEF9$ DEMOCRATIC COMMUNALITY NOT AS ! EGALIT>IANISM ( 
A HOMOG5E\S SOCIETY BUT AS ANY TYPE ( COMMUNITY 7FROM 
WOM5'S TO M5'S COMMUNITIES1 FROM SPORTS & >TS TO 9DU/RY1 FROM 9TELLECTUALS TO %EPH]DS1 FROM TRIBES TO CORPORATIONS1 FROM FAMILIES TO NATIONS1 FROM VILLAGES TO CITIES1 FROM 
LOCALITIES TO UNIV]SALITY & FROM CLAN TO ANY TYPE ( GLOBAL 
SOCIETY7 ( ANY SIZE4 ,I DEF9$ ECO-9DU/RIAL COMMUNITIES AS 
COMMUNITIES 9 :I* ! ECO-9DU/RIAL SOCIETY1 ! AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY ( VILLAGES1 & ! 9DU/RIAL SOCIETY ( ! CITIES 
NURTURE EA* O!R & >E /RICTLY ALIGN$ ) ECOLOGY4 ,ON 
! O!R H& ,I DEF9$ ! DEMOCRATIC NATION TOO4 ,IT IS A NEW 
TYPE ( NATION ?AT 5COMPASSES ALL CULTURAL 5TITIES FROM E?NICITY TO RELIGION2 FROM URBAN1 LOCAL1 REGIONAL TO NATIONAL COMMUNITIES =M$ ?R\< DEMOCRATIC AUTONOM\S POLITICAL 
=MATIONS & ITS MA9 POLITICAL =M1 DEMOCRATIC CONF$]ALI/ IMPLEM5TATIONS4 ,MORE PRECISELY1 AGA9/ ! NATION-/ATI/ 
MON/]S1 ! DEMOCRATIC NATION IS A NATION ?AT HAS MULTI- 
POLITICAL =MATIONS1 MULTIPLE ID5TITIES & IS MULTI-CULTURAL4 

,AS WE TRY TO ANALYZE ! #e1 YE>S ( CIVILIZATIONAL HI/ORY 
9 T]MS ( ! TWO CONFLICT+ POLES1 WE UND]/& ?AT !SE 
TWO POLES WILL CONT9UE TO COEXI/ = SOME TIME TO COME4 ,! 
]ADICATION ( ONE ( ! POLES BY ! O!R IS NOT =ESEEABLE 
9 ! NE> FUTURE4 ,MOREOV]1 DIALECTICALLY ?IS DOES NOT SEEM 
REALI/IC4 ,! RA%NESS ( REAL SOCIALISM 9 ?IS REG>D & ITS ATTEMPT TO TRY ITS [N SY/EM )\T FIR/ ANALYZ+ CIVILIZATION 
& MOD]NITY HAVE RESULT$ 9 ITS [N DISSOLUTION4 ,! IMPORTANT ?+ IS TO TAKE 9TO ACC\NT ?IS BIPOL>ITY 9 ALL !ORETICAL & PRACTICAL WORK1 & CONT9U\SLY TO DEVELOP DEMOCRATIC CIVILIZATION & MOD]NITY )9 DAILY LIFE & ?R\< 
NEW CON/RUCTIVE WORK4 ,! MORE WE DEVELOP \R SY/EM 
?R\< BO? REVOLUTION>Y & EVOLUTION>Y ME?ODS1 ! 
MORE WE CAN POSITIVELY SOLVE ! PROBLEMS ( T]M & SPACE 
& MAKE ! SOLUTION P]MAN5T4 ,DEMOCRATIC MOD]NITY AS A 
SY/EM1 9CLUD+ ITS FUNDAM5TAL ELEM5TS1 IS WELL SUIT$ = 
TRUE PEACE4 ,TE DEMOCRATIC NATION1 ) ITS CLE> ABILITY TO CREATE SOLUTIONS FROM ! SMALLE/ NATIONAL COMMUNITY ?R\< TO A WORLD NATION1 (F]S A V]Y VALUABLE PEACE OPTION4 

,! IMPORTANT ?+ IS TO 9/ITUTIONALIZE ! COMMUNAL & 
DEMOCRATIC ID5TITY1 :I* IS ALSO ! BASIC /ANCE ( PEOPLES 
HI/ORICALLY1 ) CONTEMPOR>Y SCI5CE & TE*NOLOGICAL RES\RCES BY UNIFY+ !M4 ,9 ORD] TO HAVE A MORE DEMOCRATIC1 
LIB]AT$ & ECOLOGICAL SOCIAL /RUCTURE1 !RE IS A NE$ ABOVE 
ALL = A NEW SOCIAL SCI5CES /RUCTURE4 ,IT %\LD NOT BE =GOTT5 ?AT ! MO/ COMPREH5SIVE & P]MAN5T COMPON5T 
( DEMOCRATIZATION IS WOM5'S FRE$OM4 ,)\T ! ATTA9M5T ( SOCIETAL G5D] EQUALITY1 NO DEM& = FRE$OM OR EQUALITY CAN BE MEAN+FUL OR REALIZ$4 

,N[ADAYS1 DEMOCRACY IS NE$$1 JU/ LIKE BREAD AIR & WAT]1 BUT NO:]E MORE SO ?AN = ! PEOPLES ( ! ,MIDDLE 
,EA/4 ,!RE IS NO O!R OPTION BUT DEMOCRACY - ALL O!RS HAVE 
BE5 TE/$ ?R\<\T HI/ORY - ?AT HAS ! ABILITY TO BR+ 
HAPP9ESS TO ! PEOPLE4 ,KURDS >E AT ! =EFRONT ( !SE 
PEOPLES4 ,IF !Y CAN SUCCESSFULLY MOBILIZE !IR GEOGRAPHY1 HI/ORICAL TIME & SOCIETAL *>ACT]I/ICS - ALL ( :I* HAVE BECOME SIGNIFICANT /RATEGIC ELEM5TS - 9 FAVOR ( DEMOCRATIC 
CIVILIZATION 9 ! ,MIDDLE ,EA/1 !Y WILL HAVE DONE ! GREATE/ 
GOOD = !IR NEI<BORS & = HUMANITY4 ,:AT WE HAVE 
UND]TAK5 IS A DRAFT = ?IS NOBLE & EXCIT+ TASK4 

,O,N ,! ,A,U,?,O,R 

,ABDULLAH ,OCALAN1 BORN 9 #a#i#d#i1 /UDI$ POLITICAL SCI5CES 9 
,ANK>A4 ,HE ACTIVELY L$ ! ,KURDI% LIB]ATION /RUGGLE AS ! 
HEAD ( ! ,P,K,K FROM ITS F\NDATION 9 #ai< UNTIL HIS ABDUCTION ON #ae ,FEBRU>Y #a#i#i#i4 ,HE IS REG>D$ AS A LEAD+ /RATEGI/ 
& ONE ( ! MO/ IMPORTANT POLITICAL REPRES5TATIVES ( ! 
,KURDI% PEOPLE4 

,UND] ISOLATION CONDITIONS AT ,IMRALI ,ISL& ,PRISON1 ,OCALAN 
HAS WRITT5 MORE ?AN T5 BOOKS1 :I* HAVE REVOLUTIONIZ$ 
,KURDI% POLITICS4 ,SEV]AL TIMES HE 9ITIAT$ UNILAT]AL CEASEFIRES 
( ! GU]RILLA & PRES5T$ CON/RUCTIVE PROPOSALS = A POLITICAL SOLUTION TO ! ,KURDI% ISSUE4 

,! SO-CALL$ 0PEACE PROCESS0 />T$ 9 #bi :5 ! 
,TURKI% /ATE RESPOND$ TO ,OCALAN'S CALL TO RESOLVE ! ,KURDI% 
ISSUE POLITICALLY4 ,?IS PROCESS BROKE D[N 9 ,APRIL #b#a#e1 :5 
! ,TURKI% /ATE UNILAT]ALLY T]M9AT$ ! TALKS & RETURN$ 
TO A POLICY ( ANNIHILATION & D5IAL4 

,S9CE #bg ,JULY #b#a#a1 ,OCALAN HAS BE5 HELD AGA9 9 ALMO/ 
TOTAL ISOLATION AT ,IMRALI ,ISL& ,PRISON4 ,S9CE #e ,APRIL #b#a#e1 ! 
:OLE PRISON HAS BE5 COMPLETELY CUT (F FROM ! RE/ ( ! 
WORLD4 

,O,N ,! ,9,T,],N,A,T,I,O,N,A,L ,9,I,T,I,A,T,I,V,E 

,ON #ae ,FEBRU>Y #a#i#i#i1 ! ,PRESID5T ( ! ,KURDI/AN ,WORK]S ,P>TY1 ,ABDULLAH ,OCALAN1 WAS H&$ OV] TO ! ,REPUBLIC 
( ,TURKEY FOLL[+ A CL&E/9E OP]ATION BACK$ BY AN ALLIANCE ( SECRET S]VICES DIRECT$ BY !IR CORRESPOND+ GOV]NM5TS4 ,DISGU/$ BY ?IS \TRAGE\S VIOLATION ( 9T]NATIONAL 
LAW1 SEV]AL 9TELLECTUALS & REPRES5TATIVES ( CIVIL ORGANIZATIONS LAUN*$ AN 9ITIATIVE CALL+ = ! RELEASE ( ,ABDULLAH 
,OCALAN4 ,) ! OP5+ ( A C5TRAL COORD9ATION (FICE 9 
,M>* #a#i#i#i1 ! ,9T]NATIONAL ,9ITIATIVE 0,FRE$OM = ,ABDULLAH ,OCALAN - ,PEACE 9 ,KURDI/AN0 />T$ ITS WORK4 

,! ,9T]NATIONAL ,9ITIATIVE REG>DS ITSELF AS A MULT9ATIONAL 
PEACE 9ITIATIVE WORK+ = A PEACEFUL & DEMOCRATIC SOLUTION TO ! ,KURDI% QUE/ION4 ,EV5 AFT] LONG YE>S ( IMPRISONM5T1 ,ABDULLAH ,OCALAN IS /ILL REG>D$ AS AN UNDISPUT$ 
LEAD] BY ! MAJORITY ( ! ,KURDI% PEOPLE4 ,H5CE1 ! SOLUTION ( ! ,KURDI% QUE/ION 9 ,TURKEY WILL BE CLOSELY L9K$ 
TO HIS FATE4 ,AS ! MA9 >*ITECT ( ! PEACE PROCESS1 HE IS 
VIEW$ BY ALL SIDES AS KEY TO ITS SUCCESSFUL CONCLUSION1 :I* 
PUTS ,OCALAN'S FRE$OM 9CREAS+LY FIRMLY ON ! AG5DA4 

,! ,9T]NATIONAL ,9ITIATIVE IS COMMITT$ TO PLAY ITS P>T TO 
?IS 5D4 ,IT DOES ?IS ?R\< DISSEM9AT+ OBJECTIVE 9=MATION1 LOBBY+ & PUBLIC RELATIONS WORK1 9CLUD+ RUNN+ 
CAMPAIGNS4 ,BY PUBLI%+ TRANSLATIONS ( ,OCALAN'S PRISON WRIT+S IT HOPES TO CONTRIBUTE TO A BETT] UND]/&+ ( ! 
ORIG9S ( ! CONFLICTS & ! POSSIBLE SOLUTIONS4 

,FROM 3 ,!,AN>*I/,LIBR>Y4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,NOVEMB] #c1 #bae 3 ,DEMOCRATIC ,NATION -- ,PUBLICATION4 
,JANU>Y #a#g1 #bb 3 ,DEMOCRATIC ,NATION -- ,ADD$4 
,JANU>Y #c1 #bbb 3 ,DEMOCRATIC ,NATION -- ,UPDAT$4 

 FILE G5]AT$ FROM 3  
HTTP3_/_/REVOLTLIB4COM_/