,D[N ,) ,RE=MI/ ,ILLUSIONS--,HAIL ! ,REVOLUTION>Y ,CLASS ,/RUGGLE6 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,ROSA ,LUXEMBURG 

,TEXT 3 

  ,ORIG9ALLY ,WRITT53 ,APRIL #c1 #aiac 
,S\RCE3 ,! ,COMMUNI/1 ,VOL4 ,V,I,I1 ,NO4 #e1 ,MAY #a#i#b#h1 PP4 #b#f#b-#b#f#d4 
,PUBLI%]3 ,WORK]S 7,COMMUNI/7 ,P>TY ( ,AM]ICA 
,TRANSCRIB$_/,H,T,M,L ,M>KUP3 ,BRIAN ,REID 
,PUBLIC ,DOMA93 ,M>XI/S ,9T]NET ,>*IVE 7#b#i74 ,Y\ MAY FREELY COPY1 DI/RIBUTE1 DISPLAY & P]=M ?IS WORK2 AS WELL AS MAKE D]IVATIVE & COMM]CIAL WORKS4 ,PLEASE CR$IT 0,M>XI/S ,9T]NET ,>*IVE0 AS Y\R S\RCE4 

.<,! ,MAY ,DAY >TICLE PR9T$ BEL[ WAS WRITT5 BY ,ROSA ,LUXEMBURG = ,MAY ,DAY1 #a#i#a#c1 A YE> BE=E ! \TBREAK ( ! ,WORLD ,W>4 ,IT %[S ! COMB9ATION ( S5SITIV5ESS TO COM+ EV5TS & CONC]N ) ! ME?ODS ( MEET+ !M :I* IS *>ACT]I/IC ( ! HI<E/ K9D ( REVOLUTION>Y LEAD]%IP4 ,ITS SCORNFUL ANALYSIS ( CLASS COLLABORATION ILLUSIONS & PORTRAYAL ( ! NATURE ( ! IMP]IALI/ EPO* & ! W> DANG] L5D ITS WORDS A TIMELY R+ TODAY4--,$ITOR4.> 

,:,5 ,MAY ,DAY DEMON/RATIONS W]E HELD = ! FIR/ TIME1 ! VANGU>D ( ! ,9T]NATIONAL1 ! ,G]MAN WORK+ CLASS1 WAS JU/ AT ! PO9T ( BREAK+ ! *A9S ( A DISGRACEFUL ,EXCEPTION ,LAW & ( 5T]+ UPON ! PA? ( A FREE1 LEGAL DEVELOPM5T4 ,! P]IOD ( PROLONG$ DEPRESSION 9 ! WORLD M>KET1 S9CE ! CRA% ( ! SEV5TIES1 HAD BE5 OV]COME & CAPITALI/ ECONOMY HAD 5T]$ DIRECTLY UPON AN ]A ( RESPL5D5T DEVELOPM5T ?AT WAS TO LA/ ALMO/ A DECADE4 ,LIKEWISE ! WORLD HAD RECOV]$1 AFT] TW5TY YE>S ( UN9T]RUPT$ PEACE1 FROM RECOLLECTIONS ( ?AT W> P]IOD 9 :I* ! MOD]N ,EUROPEAN /ATE SY/EM HAD RECEIV$ ITS BLOODY *RI/5+4 ,! PA? APPE>$ FREE = A QUIET CULTURAL DEVELOPM5T4 ,ILLUSIONS1 HOPES = A PEACEFUL SETTLEM5T BETWE5 CAPITAL & LABOR SPR\T$ =? LUXURIANTLY AMONG ! RANKS ( ! ,SOCIALI/S4 ,PROPOSALS TO HOLD \T 0! OP5 H& TO GOOD WILL0 M>K$ ! BEG9N+ ( ! N9ETIES2 PROMISES ( AN 9P]CEPTIBLE1 0GRADUAL EVOLUTION0 9TO ,SOCIALISM M>K$ !IR 5D4 ,CRISES1 W>S1 & REVOLUTIONS W]E CONSID]$ \TWORN !ORIES1 M]E SWADDL+ CLO!S ( MOD]N SOCIETY2 P>LIAM5T>ISM & TRADE UNIONISM1 DEMOCRACY 9 ! ,/ATE & DEMOCRACY 9 ! 9DU/RY W]E TO OP5 ! GATES TO A NEW & BETT] ORD]4 

,! ACTUAL C\RSE ( EV5TS PLAY$ FRI<TFUL HAVOC ) ALL !SE ILLUSIONS4 ,9 PLACE ( ! PROMIS$ MILD SOCIAL-RE=MI/ DEVELOPM5T ( CULTURE !RE HAS SET 9 S9CE ! 5D ( ! N9ETIES A P]IOD ( ! MO/ VIOL5T1 EXTREME %>P5+ ( CAPITALI/ CONFLICTS1 A P]IOD ( /ORM & /RESS1 ( CRA%ES & TURMOIL1 ( TOTT]+ & TREMBL+ 9 ! V]Y F\NDATIONS ( SOCIETY4 ,! T5-YE> P]IOD ( ! ECONOMIC UPW>D CURVE ( DEVELOPM5T WAS COMP5SAT$ = 9 ! FOLL[+ DECADE BY TWO WORLD-CONVULS+ CRISES4 ,AFT] TWO DECADES ( WORLD PEACE !RE FOLL[$ 9 ! LA/ DECADE ( LA/ C5TURY SIX BLOODY W>S & 9 ! FIR/ DECADE ( ! NEW C5TURY F\R BLOODY REVOLUTIONS4 ,9/EAD ( SOCIAL RE=MS--S$ITION BILLS1 IMPRISONM5T BILLS & JAIL+S2 9/EAD ( 9DU/RIAL DEMOCRACY--! P[]FUL CONC5TRATION ( CAPITAL 9 C>TELS & EMPLOY]S' ASSOCIATIONS & ! 9T]NATIONAL PRACTICE ( GIANT LOCK\TS4 ,& 9/EAD ( ! NEW UPW>D DEVELOPM5T ( DEMOCRACY 9 ! ,/ATE A MIS]ABLE COLLAPSE ( ! LA/ REMNANTS ( B\RGEOIS LIB]ALISM & B\RGEOIS DEMOCRACY4 ,9 ,G]MANY ALONE ! DE/9IES ( ! B\RGEOIS P>TIES S9CE ! N9ETIES HAVE BR\<T3 ! RISE & IMM$IATE HOPELESS DISSOLUTION ( ! ,NATIONAL ,SOCIAL ,P>TY1 ! BREAKUP ( ! LIB]AL OPPOSITION & ! RE-UNIT+ ( ITS FRAGM5TS 9 ! MORASS ( REACTION1 & F9ALLY ! TRANS=MATION ( ! ,C5T] FROM A RADICAL PEOPLE'S P>TY TO A CONS]VATIVE GOV]NM5T P>TY4 ,& ! %IFT+ 9 P>TY DEVELOPM5T 9 O!R CAPITALI/ C\NTRIES HAS BE5 SIMIL>4 ,EV]Y:]E ! REVOLUTION>Y WORK+ CLASS TODAY SEES ITSELF ALONE CONFRONT$ BY ! COMPACT1 HO/ILE REACTION ( ! RUL+ CLASSES & BY !IR 5]GETIC ATTACKS1 :I* >E AIM$ AT !M ALONE4 

,! 0SIGN0 UND] :I* ?IS :OLE DEVELOPM5T ON ! ECONOMIC & POLITICAL FIELD HAS BE5 C>RI$ \T1 ! =MULA ACCORD+ TO :I* ITS RESULTS MAY BE TRAC$ BACK IS3 ,I,M,P,],I,A,L,I,S,M4 ,?IS IS NOT A NEW ELEM5T1 NOT AN UNEXPECT$ VE]+ 9 ! G5]AL HI/ORICAL C\RSE ( CAPITALI/ SOCIETY4 ,MILIT>Y PREP>ATIONS & W>S1 9T]NATIONAL CONFLICTS & COLONIAL POLICIES HAVE ACCOMPANI$ ! HI/ORY ( CAPITAL FROM ITS CRADLE4 ,IT IS ! EXTREME AUGM5TATION ( !SE ELEM5TS1 ! CONC5TRATION & GIGANTIC \TBUR/ ( !SE CONFLICTS1 :I* HAVE RESULT$ 9 A NEW EPO* 9 ! DEVELOPM5T ( PRES5T-DAY SOCIETY4 ,9 DIALECTIC RECIPROCAL ACTION--AT ! SAME TIME RESULT & CAUSE ( ! P[]FUL ACCUMULATION ( CAPITAL & ( ! CONSEQU5T %>P5+ & 9T5SIFY+ ( ! CONTRADICTION BETWE5 CAPITAL & LABOR )9 & BETWE5 ! CAPITALI/ ,/ATES )\T--HAS ,IMP]IALISM 5T]$ UPON ITS F9AL PHASE1 ! VIOL5T DIVISION ( ! WORLD BY ! ASSAULT ( CAPITAL4 ,A *A9 ( CONT9UAL1 UNPREC$5T$ COMPETITIVE MILIT>Y PREP>ATIONS ON L& & SEA 9 ALL CAPITALI/ C\NTRIES1 A *A9 ( BLOODY W>S1 :I* HAVE SPREAD FROM ,AFRICA TO ,EUROPE & :I* ANY MOM5T MAY FAN ! GL[+ SP>KS TO A WORLD CONFLAGRATION2 9 ADDITION1 = YE>S ! PHANTOM ( ! HI< CO/ ( LIV+1 ( MASS HUNG] ?R\<\T ! :OLE CAPITALI/ WORLD1 :I* CAN NO LONG] BE BANI%$--!SE >E ! 0SIGNS0 UND] :I* LABOR'S WORLD HOLIDAY WILL SOON CELEBRATE ! TW5TY-FIF? ANNIV]S>Y ( ITS EXI/5CE4 ,& EA* ( !SE 0SIGNS0 IS A FLAM+ TE/IMONIAL TO ! LIV+ TRU? & P[] ( ! IDEAS ( ! ,MAY ,DAY CELEBRATION4 

,! BRILLIANT MA9 IDEA ( ! ,MAY ,DAY CELEBRATION IS ! 9DEP5D5T ACTION ( ! PROLET>IAN MASSES1 IS ! POLITICAL MASS ACTION ( ! MILLIONS ( WORK]S1 :O O!RWISE CAN GIVE EXPRESSION TO !IR [N WILL ONLY ?R\< PETTY P>LIAM5T>Y ACTION1 SEP>AT$ BY ,/ATE B\ND>IES & CONSI/+ = ! MO/ P>T ONLY 9 VOT+ = REPRES5TATIVES4 ,! EXCELL5T PROPOSAL ( ! ,FR5*MAN ,LAVIGNE AT ! 9T]NATIONAL CONGRESS 9 ,P>IS COMB9$ ?IS 9DIRECT P>LIAM5T>Y MANIFE/ATION ( ! WILL ( ! PROLET>IAT ) A DIRECT 9T]NATIONAL MASS MANIFE/ATION1 ! LAY+ D[N ( TOOLS AS A DEMON/RATION & FI<T+ TACTIC = ! EI<T-H\R DAY1 WORLD PEACE1 & ,SOCIALISM4 

,NO WOND] ! :OLE DEVELOPM5T1 ! AGGREGATE T5D5CY ( IMP]IALISM 9 ! LA/ DECADE HAS BE5 TO BR+ EV] PLA9] & MORE TANGIBLY BE=E ! EYES ( ! 9T]NATIONAL WORK+ CLASS ?AT ONLY ! 9DEP5D5T ACTION ( ! BROADE/ MASSES1 !IR [N POLITICAL ACTION1 MASS DEMON/RATIONS1 MASS /RIKES1 :I* MU/ SOON] OR LAT] BREAK =? 9TO A P]IOD ( REVOLUTION>Y /RUGGLES = ,/ATE P[]1 CAN GIVE ! CORRECT ANSW] ( ! PROLET>IAT TO ! UNPREC$5T$ PRESSURE ( IMP]IALI/ POLITICS4 ,AT ?IS MOM5T ( FR5ZI$ MILIT>Y PREP>ATIONS & ( W> ORGIES IT IS ONLY ! RESOLUTE FI<T+ /& ( ! WORK+ MASSES1 !IR ABILITY & READ9ESS = P[]FUL MASS ACTION1 :I* /ILL MA9TA9S WORLD PEACE1 :I* CAN /ILL PO/PONE ! ?REAT5+ WORLD CONFLAGRATION4 ,& ! MORE ! ,MAY ,DAY IDEA1 ! IDEA ( RESOLUTE MASS ACTION AS DEMON/RATIONS ( 9T]NATIONAL SOLID>ITY & AS A FI<T+ TACTIC = PEACE & = ,SOCIALISM EV5 9 ! /RONGE/ SECTION ( ! ,9T]NATIONAL1 ! ,G]MAN WORK+ CLASS1 /RIKES ROOT1 ! GREAT] GU>ANTEE WE %ALL HAVE ?AT FROM ! WORLD W>1 :I* WILL 9EVITABLY TAKE PLACE SOON] OR LAT]1 !RE WILL RESULT AN ULTIMATELY VICTORI\S SETTLEM5T BETWE5 ! WORLD ( LABOR & ?AT ( CAPITAL4 

,LEIPZIG1 ,APRIL #c1 #a#i#a#c4 

,FROM 3 ,M>XI/S4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,M>* #f1 #bba 3 ,D[N ,) ,RE=MI/ ,ILLUSIONS--,HAIL ! ,REVOLUTION>Y ,CLASS ,/RUGGLE6 -- ,ADD$4 
,JANU>Y #i1 #bbb 3 ,D[N ,) ,RE=MI/ ,ILLUSIONS--,HAIL ! ,REVOLUTION>Y ,CLASS ,/RUGGLE6 -- ,UPDAT$4 

 FILE G5]AT$ FROM 3  
HTTP3_/_/REVOLTLIB4COM_/