,P>T #a1 ,*APT] #a 
,BETWE5 ! ,CROSS & ! ,HAMM] 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,ABEL ,PAZ 

,TEXT 3 

,F,I,R,/ ,P,>,T3 ,! ,REBEL 

  
,*,A,P,T,] ,I4 ,BETWE5 ! CROSS & ! HAMM] 

  

,AT #d3 PM ON ,JUNE #d1 #a#i#b#c1 UNKN[N ASSAILANTS OP5$ FIRE ON A BLACK C> ACROSS FROM ! ,/4 ,PAUL ,HOME ,S*OOL 9 ! \TSKIRTS ( ,Z>AGOZA4 ,!Y FIR$ ?IRTE5 BULLETS1 ONE ( :I* P5ETRAT$ ! HE>T ( ONE ( ! C>'S OCCUPANTS4 ,! VICTIM DI$ 9/ANTLY4 ,HE WAS ,JUAN ,SOLDEVILA ,ROM]O1 ! ,>*BI%OP ,C>D9AL ( ,Z>AGOZA4 

,NEWS ( ! PRELATE'S DEA? T]RIFI$ LOCAL AU?ORITIES & ?RILL$ ! HUMBLE CLASSES4 ,! POLICE W]E P>ALYZ$ ) %OCK AT FIR/1 BUT W5T 9TO ACTION QUICKLY1 & TRI$ !IR BE/ TO OV]COME ! /UBBORN SIL5CE ( ! LOCALS4 ,EL ,H]ALDO DE ,>AGON1 ! ONLY NEWSPAP] 9 ,Z>AGOZA ) AN EV5+ $ITION1 HAD TO COMPLETELY RE-DO ITS FRONT PAGE4 ,IT PR9T$ A FULL-PAGE PHOTOGRAPH ( ! DECEAS$ ) ! HEADL9E 0,AN UNUSUAL & ABOM9ABLE CRIME40 

,!RE WAS TREM5D\S ANXIETY 9 ! ,CIVIL ,GOV]NM5T4 ,! ,SUP]IOR ,POLICE ,*IEF & ! ,CIVIL ,GU>D COMM&] W]E DISC\RAG$1 CONFUS$1 & SIMPLY DID NOT KN[ H[ TO PROCE$4 .<#a.> ,! ,CIVIL ,GOV]NOR SAID ?AT !Y %\LDN'T DO ANY?+ UNTIL !Y GOT ORD]S FROM ,MADRID4 ,! WAIT WASN'T LONG3 !Y RECEIV$ TWO TELEGRAMS >\ND #h3 ?AT EV5+4 ,9 ONE1 ,K+ ,ALFONSO ,X,I,I,I S5T HIS CONDOL5CES &1 9 ! O!R1 ! ,M9I/] ( ! ,9T]IOR DEM&$ ?AT !Y RESOLVE ! MATT] IMM$IATELY4 .<#b.> 

,! ,C,N,T'S ,LOCAL ,F$]ATION ( ,UNIONS DI/RIBUT$ A LEAFLET ?R\<\T ! CITY ?REAT5+ GRAVE CONSEQU5CES AS WELL AS A G5]AL /RIKE IF EV5 ONE 9NOC5T LABOR] WAS BR\<T 9 ON MURD] *>GES4 ,IT WAS A SLEEPLESS NI<T = ,Z>AGOZA'S WORK]S & AU?ORITIES4 ,! LATT] DECID$ NOT TO LAUN* A CRACKD[N1 BUT ?OSE :O FE>$ IT FELT UNSAFE 9 !IR [N HOMES4 

,! FOLL[+ MORN+'S NEWSPAP]S DESCRIB$ ! 9CID5T ACCORD+ TO !IR :IM & FANCY4 ,EL ,H]ALDO DE ,>AGON ?\<T AN>*I/S RA!R ?AN MILITANT WORK]S HAD COMMITT$ ! CRIME4 ,LA ,ACCION WAS MORE SPECIFIC3 A B& ( AN>*I/ T]RORI/S L$ BY ,DURRUTI BORE RESPONSIBILITY = ! ACT4 ,AS IF TO V]IFY ! CLAIM1 IT PR9T$ A LONG LI/ ( CRIM9AL DE$S ?AT IT ATTRIBUT$ TO ?AT 0T]RIBLE ASSASS90 & DEM&$ ?AT ! GOV]NM5T TAKE :ATEV] /EPS NECESS>Y TO /OP ?AT 0SC\RGE ( ,GOD40 ,SEV5TY-FIVE YE>S E>LI]1 ,LEON1 LIKE O!R CITIES ( ! ,SPANI% PLATEAU1 WAS LITTLE MORE ?AN AN ANA*RONISM2 A PICTURE ( A /AGNANT1 CL]ICAL1 & MON>*ICAL ,SPA94 ,BUT ! METROPOLIS SL[LY GREW1 EVOLV+ >\ND ITS ANCI5T *UR*1 ! C5T] ( LOCAL LIFE4 ,AGRICULTURE WAS NE>LY ! ONLY S\RCE ( 9COME = ,LEON'S T5 ?\S& 9HABITANTS1 :I* WAS ! CASE ?R\<\T ALL ( ,OLD ,CA/ILE4 ,! CITY WAS RIVET$ TO ! L&1 AL?\< ITS RESID5TS ALWAYS HAD AN EYE TRA9$ ON HEAV51 FROM :I* !Y HOP$ TO RECEIVE GOOD =TUNE4 ,CATTLE GRAZ+1 LIKE 9 ! TIMES ( ! ,ME/A1 .<#c.> & A RUDIM5T>Y LEA!R TANN+ & WOOL 9DU/RY1 COMPLET$ ! PICTURE4 ,BU5AV5TURA ,DURRUTI 5T]$ ! WORLD 9 ?IS AU/]E 5VIRONM5T4 ,HE WAS ! SECOND *ILD ( ! Y\?FUL M>RIAGE ( ,ANA/ASIA ,DUMANGE & ,SANTIAGO ,DURRUTI .<#d.> & OP5$ HIS EYES 9 BUILD+ NUMB] N9E 9 ,SANTA ,ANA ,SQU>E AT #a3 AM ON ,JULY #a#d1 #a#h#i#f4 ,SURR\ND$ BY SIX BRO!RS & A SI/]1 ,JOSE ,BU5AV5TURA WAS A 0ROBU/ *ILD & FULL ( LIFE40 .<#e.> 

,SPA9 WAS GO+ ?R\< R\< TIMES & ! C\NTRY'S ECONOMY & POLITICAL 9/ITUTIONS W]E 9 DEEP CRISIS4 ,! REMA9S ( ! OLD COLONIAL EMPIRE W]E REBELL+ AGA9/ ! 0MO!RL&40 ,! ,CUBANS HAD REVOLT$ UND] ! LEAD]%IP ( ,JOSE ,M>TI & ,SPA9'S ,REG5T ,M>IA ,CRI/9A COMM&$ ,PRIME ,M9I/] ,CANOVAS DEL ,CA/ILLO TO USE :ATEV] =CE NECESS>Y TO CRU% ! 9SURRECTION4 .<#f.> 

,! CR[N S5T ,G5]AL ,WEYL] TO ! ISL& ) ORD]S TO SMA% ! UPRIS+4 ,HIS SOLUTION WAS TO TURN ,CUBA 9TO AN IMM5SE CONC5TRATION CAMP4 

,AT ! SAME TIME AS ! 9SURRECTION 9 ! ,C>IBBEAN1 ! ,FILIP9OS ROSE AGA9/ ! METROPOLIS1 P>TICUL>LY ! ,DOM9ICAN MONKS :O CONTROLL$ ! ECONOMY ( ! ISL&S4 ,! REPRESSION WAS AS M]CILESS !RE AS 9 ,CUBA4 ,EV5 NATIONALI/ 9TELLECTUAL ,JOSE ,RIZAL FELL TO ,SPA9'S EXECUTION]S4 .<#g.> 

,!RE WAS PRESSURE ON ! P59SULA AS WELL4 ,9 ,&ALUSIA1 UND] ! EXTORTION ( ! L&[N]S1 PEASANTS LAUN*$ REVOLTS ?AT TOOK ON DIM5SIONS ( SOCIAL W>4 ,!RE WAS ALSO A CLIMATE ( VIOL5CE & CONFLICT 9 ! COALFIELDS ( ,A/URIAS4 ,9 ! 9DU/RIAL REGIONS ( ! ,BASQUE C\NTRY & ,CATALONIA1 !RE W]E NE>LY UN9T]RUPT$ PROTE/S & /RIKES4 ,! GOV]NM5T'S REPLY WAS ABSOLUTELY SAVAGE4 ,IT FILL$ ! PRISONS ) WORK]S & C>RI$ \T FREQU5T EXECUTIONS4 

,ALL !SE EV5TS CULM9AT$ 9 #a#h#i#h1 :5 ! LA/ COLONIES 7,CUBA1 ,PHILIPP9ES1 & ,PU]TO ,RICO7 W]E LO/ & ! C\NTRY SANK 9TO AN ECONOMIC QUAGMIRE DUE TO ! DISAPPE>ANCE ( COLONIAL EXPLOITATION & TRADE4 

,TWO YE>S LAT]1 :5 ! C\NTRY'S F9ANCIAL PROBLEMS W]E AT !IR MO/ SEV]E1 ,BU5AV5TURA & HIS OLD] BRO!R ,SANTIAGO BEGAN TO ATT5D A S*OOL RUN BY ,MANUEL ,F]N&EZ ON ,MIS]ICORDIA ,/REET4 ,BU5AV5TURA'S FIR/ $UCATIONAL EXP]I5CE LA/$ UNTIL HE WAS EI<T YE>S OLD4 ,WE HAVE LITTLE 9=MATION AB\T ?IS P]IOD1 BUT DO KN[ ?AT ,MANUEL ,F]N&EZ ?\<T ! SUBJECT ( \R BIOGRAPHY WAS A 0MIS*IEV\S *ILD1 BUT ) NOBLE S5TIM5TS & QUITE AFFECTIONATE40 ,DECADES LAT]1 ,DURRUTI HIMSELF SAID A FEW WORDS AB\T HIS *ILDHOOD 9 A LETT] TO HIS SI/] ,ROSA3 0,S9CE MY MO/ T5D] AGE10 HE WROTE1 0! FIR/ ?+ ,I SAW >\ND ME WAS SUFF]+1 NOT ONLY 9 \R FAMILY BUT ALSO AMONG \R NEI<BORS4 ,9TUITIVELY1 ,I HAD ALREADY BECOME A REBEL4 ,I ?9K MY FATE WAS DET]M9$ !N40 .<#h.> 

,!RE IS GOOD REASON TO BELIEVE ?AT :ILE WRIT+ ?IS LETT] ,DURRUTI WAS RECALL+ AN EV5T ?AT OCCURR$ :5 HE SIX YE>S OLD2 AN 9CID5T ?AT W\LD HAVE A P[]FUL IMPACT UPON HIM & ?AT MAY EXPLA9 HIS 9/9CTIVE SOCIAL AW>5ESS4 ,WE REF] TO ! >RE/ ( HIS FA!R = HIS ACTIVE P>TICIPATION 9 ! #aic TANN]S' /RIKE 9 ,LEON4 

,! /RIKE LA/$ N9E MON?S & IT WAS ! FIR/ SIGNIFICANT LABOR CONFLICT 9 ! CITY4 ,! TANN+ WORK]S W]E RESOLUTE & AL?\< HUNG] AS WELL AS OPPRESSION FOLL[$ !IR RESI/ANCE1 !IR WORK /OPPAGE WAS ULTIMATELY A VICTORY = ! WORK+ CLASS1 S9CE IT LAID ! F\NDATIONS ( PROLET>IAT ORGANIZATION 9 ! REGION4 

,! FIR/ 9/ANCES ( LABOR MOBILIZATION 9 ,LEON HAD OCCURR$ F\R YE>S E>LI]1 :5 ,BU5AV5TURA'S UNCLE ,IGNACIO />T$ A WORK]S' ASSOCIATION ON ,BADILLO ,/REET4 ,WE KN[ LITTLE AB\T ?IS GR\P1 EXCEPT ?AT IT SPREAD A MESSAGE ( MUTUALISM & FRAT]NITY AMONG ! TANN]S1 :O BEGAN MEET+ MON?LY 9 ITS (FICE TO DISCUSS !IR PROBLEMS4 .<#i.> ,PREVI\SLY1 A SMALL GR\P ( ,REPUBLICAN 9TELLECTUALS HAD =M$ ,LEON'S MO/ PROGRESSIVE /RATA1 BUT !Y W]E SO MOD]ATE & ACCOMMODAT+ ?AT !Y W]E H>DLY A CONC]N = LOCAL AU?ORITIES OR ! CL]GY4 ,?+S *ANG$ >\ND ! TURN ( ! C5TURY1 ) ! WORK BE+ DONE ON ! ,VALLADOLID-,LEON RAILWAY L9E2 ! FIR/ SOCIALI/ & AN>*I/ PUBLICATIONS BEGAN TO >RIVE 9 ! CITY1 ?ANKS TO ! RAILROAD WORK]S AS WELL AS ! LABOR]S 9 ! ,LEON-,A/URIAS M9+ RES]VE4 ,SURELY !SE PUBLICATIONS 9SPIR$ ,IGNACIO'S GR\P ( TANN] FRI5DS & ALSO 9=M$ !M AB\T ! AGITATION SWEEP+ ?R\< ,SPA9 AT ! TIME1 P>TICUL>LY 9 ,BILBAO & ,B>CELONA4 ,! EI<T-H\R WORKDAY1 ALREADY SECUR$ BY ! TAILORS 9 ,MADRID1 WAS ! C5TRAL DEM&4 ,9 ANY CASE1 ,LEON'S TANN]S SOON BEGAN TO MAKE SAL>Y & WORK S*$ULE DEM&S ON ! [N]S4 ,AT ! TIME1 WAGES W5T FROM #a4#b#e TO #a4#g#e PESETAS = A 0SUNRISE TO SUNSET0 WORKDAY4 ,! TANN]S WANT$ AN 9CREASE ( FIFTY C5TIMOS & A T5-H\R DAY4 ,!Y 5TRU/$ ,IGNACIO ,DURRUTI1 ,SANTIAGO ,DURRUTI 7FA!R71 ,ANTONIO ,QU9T91 & ,MEL*OR ,ANTON ) >TICULAT+ !IR DEM&S TO ! [N]S' ASSOCIATION4 ,! EMPLOY]S REJECT$ !IR REQUE/S \TRI<T & ! WORK]S W5T ON /RIKE4 ,GIV5 ?AT TANN+ WAS NE>LY ! ONLY LOCAL 9DU/RY1 !IR WORK /OPPAGE BR\<T ! 5TIRE CITY TO A HALT4 

,AU?ORITIES RESPOND$ BY >RE/+ ?OSE !Y CONSID]$ RESPONSIBLE = ! REVOLT4 ,RESID5TS FELT REPULS$ :5 !Y SAW HONE/ WORK]S BE+ TREAT$ LIKE COMMON CRIM9ALS & DECL>$ !IR SOLID>ITY ) ! >RE/EES4 ,?IS POPUL> REACTION CAUS$ SOME ANXIETY AMONG ! AU?ORITIES & APP>5TLY ! BI%OP HIMSELF--:O WAS RUMOR$ TO HAVE 9/IGAT$ ! CRACKD[N--9T]V5$ TO FREE ! PRISON]S1 AL?\< NOT BE=E !Y HAD LANGUI%$ 9 ! PROV9CIAL JAIL = FIFTE5 DAYS4 ,! /RIKE DRAGG$ ON = N9E MON?S4 ,LOCAL M]*ANTS EXT5D$ CR$IT TO ! /RIK]S1 ,LOR5ZO ,DURRUTI'S CANTE5 GAVE FOOD AWAY AT UNREALI/IC PRICES1 & ,IGNACIO ,DURRUTI SOLD HIS WORK%OP & DONAT$ ! PROCE$S TO ! WORK]S4 ,BUT NONE ( ?IS C\LD /OP HUNG] FROM 9VAD+ ! WORK]S' HOMES & BREAK+ ! REBEL SPIRIT4 ,LITTLE BY LITTLE !Y GAVE 9 & ! /RIKE F9ALLY CAME TO AN 5D4 ,! TANN+ B\RGEOISIE WAS DULY CONT5T$ ) ITS VICTORY1 BUT SOME WORK]S1 LIKE ,BU5AV5TURA'S FA!R1 DECID$ TO *ANGE OCCUPATIONS BE=E C$+ TO ! EMPLOY]S4 .<#a.> 

,PRIOR TO ?IS CONFLICT1 ! FAMILY HAD BE5 SOME:AT LESS P9*$ ECONOMICALLY ?AN ?OSE ( A SIMIL> SOCIAL /ATUS4 ,AL?\< ,DURRUTI'S FA!R E>N$ A MODE/ SAL>Y1 !Y RECEIV$ HELP FROM ,LOR5ZO1 ,P$RO1 & ,IGNACIO1 :I* MADE A BIG DIFF]5CE = !M4 ,BUT LIFE BEGAN TO V>Y = EV]YONE AFT] ! /RIKE3 ,LOR5ZO HAD TO CLOSE HIS CANTE52 ,IGNACIO MY/]I\SLY DISAPPE>$ 7EV]YONE ASSUM$ ?AT HE HAD EMIGRAT$ TO ! ,AM]ICAS7 & ,DURRUTI'S MAT]NAL GR&FA!R ,P$RO ,DUMANGE WAT*$ HIS BUS9ESS SL[LY COLLAPSE AS A RESULT ( ! BOYCOTT DECL>$ AGA9/ IT BY ! LOCAL BOSSES4 ,?IS =C$ ! FAMILY TO *ANGE ITS PLANS = ! *ILDR5'S $UCATION4 ,GR&FA!R ,P$RO WANT$ ,BU5AV5TURA TO /UDY1 SO ?AT HE C\LD HAVE A C>E] 9 ! TEXTILE BUS9ESS1 BUT ! FAMILY'S SC>CE ECONOMIC RES\RCES 7,SANTIAGO E>N$ TWO PESETAS DAILY AS A C>P5T]7 MADE ?IS IMPOSSIBLE4 ,!RE WAS SIMPLY NO WAY TO CONSID] PAY+ CO/LY TUITION FEES4 ,SANTIAGO & ,ANA/ASIA ?US DECID$ TO S5D !IR *ILDR5 TO ,RIC>DO ,FANJUL'S S*OOL1 :I* WAS MORE CONSI/5T ) !IR MEANS4 

,BU5AV5TURA DID NOT DI/+UI% HIMSELF ) HIS P]=MANCE DUR+ ?IS SECOND $UCATIONAL P]IOD4 ,9DE$1 HE WAS A RA!R M$IOCRE /UD5T1 AL?\< ,FANJUL SEEM$ TO ?9K ?AT HE %[$ SOME POT5TIAL4 0,A BOY ) A %>P 9TELLIG5CE = LIT]ATURE10 ! TEA*] WROTE 9 ! /UD5T'S REPORT AT ! 5D ( ! YE>4 .<#a#a.> 

,:5 ,DURRUTI TURN$ F\RTE51 ! FAMILY BEGAN TO ?9K AB\T ! BOY'S FUTURE4 ,GR&FA!R ,P$RO1 :O WAS ESPECIALLY FOND ( HIM1 9SI/$ ?AT HE %\LD /UDY 9 ,VALLADOLID & EV5 PROMIS$ TO PAY = ! CLASSES4 ,BUT ,DURRUTI REJECT$ ! IDEA & DISAPPO9T$ HIS GR&FA!R4 ,HE WANT$ TO LE>N ME*ANICS & BE A WORK] LIKE HIS FA!R4 

,9 #a#i#a1 HE BEGAN AN APPR5TICE%IP 9 ! WORK%OP ( ! MA/] ME*ANIC ,MEL*OR ,M>T9EZ1 :O WAS FAM$ = BE+ A FURI\S REVOLUTION>Y BECAUSE HE PROVOCATIVELY READ ! ,EL ,SOCIALI/A NEWSPAP] 9 LOCAL CAFES1 AL?\< ! TRU? IS ?AT HIS SOCIALISM WAS NOT P>TICUL>LY WELL-=M$4 ,HE WAS RADICALIZ$ :ILE WORK+ 9 ,BILBAO & LAT]1 OLD & FULL ( ADMIRATION = ,PABLO ,IGLESIAS1 RETURN$ TO ,LEON4 .<#a#b.> ,HE SET UP A RAM%ACKLE WORK%OP !RE ?AT MADE MORE NOISE ?AN ANY?+ ELSE & AT :I* SOME WORK]S ) SOCIALI/ LEAN+S US$ TO GA!R TO >GUE & TALK AB\T ! ADVANCES ( ! ,SPANI% ,SOCIALI/ ,WORK]S' ,P>TY 7,P,S,O,E74 

,!RE HAD BE5 SOME PROGRESS 9 ,LEON 9 ! >EA ( WORK]S' ORGANIZATION BY ! TIME4 ,TWO LABOR ASSOCIATIONS1 ! ,RAILROAD ,WORK]S' ,UNION & ! ,METALWORK]S' ,UNION1 HAD AFFILIAT$ ) ! ,UNION ,G5]AL DE ,TRABAJADORES 7,U,G,T74 ,= !IR P>T1 ! CITY'S Y\NG PEOPLE BEGAN TO DI/ANCE !MSELVES FROM ! ,*UR*4 ,9DE$1 ,BU5AV5TURA TOLD HIS MO!R ?AT HE W\LD NO LONG] ATT5D ! RELIGION CLASSES ?AT ! P>I% PRIE/ ( ! ,SANTA ,ANA *UR* L$ EV]Y ,?URSDAY4 ,HE NEV] AGA9 P>TICIPAT$ 9 RELIGI\S ACTIVITIES & EV5 DECL9$ TO RECEIVE COMMUNION DUR+ ! FOLL[+ YE>'S ,EA/] CELEBRATION4 ,?IS SC&AL\S ACT E>N$ HIM A REPUTATION AS A TR\BLEMAK] AMONG ! CITY'S RESID5TS4 

,MEL*OR ,M>T9EZ1 :O BECAME AN EXP]T 9 ! BOY'S ADV5TURES1 IMM$IATELY TOOK A LIK+ TO HIS APPR5TICE4 ,HE TOLD ,DURRUTI'S FA!R3 0,I'LL MAKE Y\R SON A GOOD ME*ANIC1 BUT ALSO A SOCIALI/40 .<#a#c.> ,ONCE1 :5 ! MA/] & ! BOY W]E ALONE TOGE!R1 ,M>T9EZ BR\<T ! Y\? OV] TO ! FURNACE &1 GRASP+ ! PLI]S1 REMOV$ SOME R$D5$ IRON4 ,HE BEGAN TO BEAT ! ANVIL1 :ILE SAY+3 0,?IS IS :AT Y\ HAVE TO DO4 ,HIT ! IRON :5 IT'S R$ HOT UNTIL IT TAKES ON ! =M ?AT Y\ WANT40 ,AT ! 5D ( ! DAY1 HE TOLD ,DURRUTI ?AT HE W\LD MAKE A GOOD BLACKSMI? BECAUSE HE HIT H>D BUT ADD$3 0,Y\ HAVE TO DIRECT Y\R BL[S C>EFULLY4 ,=CE ALONE ISN'T 5\<4 ,Y\ NE$ 9TELLIG5CE1 SO Y\ KN[ :]E TO HIT40 ,HE LAT] DEVELOP$ AN 9T]E/ 9 ! Y\?'S 9TELLECTUAL GR[? & URG$ HIM TO 5ROLL 9 ! NI<T CLASSES AT ! 0,LOS ,AMIGOS DEL ,PAIS0 $UCATIONAL C5T]4 .<#a#d.> 

,BU5AV5TURA LE>N$ ! BASICS ( ME*ANICS & ! PR9CIPLES ( SOCIALISM AT ?IS WORK%OP4 ,ONE DAY1 AFT] TWO YE>S !RE1 HIS TEA*] TOLD HIM ?AT HE C\LDN'T TEA* HIM ANY MORE ME*ANICS OR MORE SOCIALISM & ?AT IT WAS TIME = ,BU5AV5TURA TO MOVE ON4 ,HE GOT A JOB 9 ,ANTONIO ,MIJE'S WORK%OP1 :I* SPECIALIZ$ 9 ASSEMBL+ WA%+ MA*9ES US$ TO CLEAN M9]ALS 9 ! M9ES4 ,AFT] A YE> !RE1 ! ?IRD PRACTIC+ HIS TRADE1 ,MIJE QUALIFI$ HIM AS A SECOND-CLASS LA! OP]ATOR4 

,IT WAS !N--9 ,APRIL #a#i#a#c--?AT HE JO9$ ! ,METALWORK]S' ,UNION & RECEIV$ MEMB]%IP C>D NUMB] TWELVE4 .<#a#e.> ,! LANKY Y\NG MAN BECAME A FIXTURE AT UNION MEET+S1 AL?\< HE R>ELY TOOK P>T 9 ! DISCUSSIONS4 ,HIS WORK & UNION LIFE W]E DEEPLY 9T]TW9$ !REAFT]4 

,IGLESIAS ,MUNIS WAS ! MO/ PROM95T SOCIALI/ !ORETICIAN 9 ,LEON AT ! TIME & F\ND$ ! CITY'S FIR/ SOCIALI/ NEWSPAP] 7 ,EL ,SOCIALI/A ,LEONES7 9 #a#i#a#f4 .<#a#f.> ,= ! MO/ P>T1 HE FUNCTION$ AS AN $UCATOR & PEOPLE LI/5$ TO HIM AS IF HE WAS AN ORACLE4 ,DURRUTI IMITAT$ ! O!R WORK]S AT FIR/1 BUT QUICKLY ESCAP$ HIS 9FLU5CE & BEGAN TO ?9K = HIMSELF AB\T ! WORK+ CLASS'S PROBLEMS4 

,9 ONE ( HIS TALKS1 ,IGLESIAS SPOKE AB\T ! PROGRESS ( SOCIALISM 9 ,SPA94 ,HE NOT$ ?AT ! ,SOCIALI/ ,P>TY HAD SCOR$ SIGNIFICANT ELECTORAL VICTORIES1 DESPITE ! ,C,N,T'S OPPOSITION TO ! ELECTIONS4 ,BU5AV5TURA ASK$ HIM TO EXPLA9 :Y ! ,C,N,T HAD AB/A9$1 AL?\< HE ONLY RECEIV$ AN AMBIGU\S REPLY FROM ,IGLESIAS4 ,DURRUTI DID NOT GIVE MORE ?\<T TO ! MATT]1 BUT FROM !N ON BEGAN TO P>TICIPATE 9 ! DISCUSSIONS4 ,HE OBS]V$ ) SOME PLEASURE ?AT HE WAS ABLE TO AGITATE ! UNION LEAD]S1 :O CRITICIZ$ HIM = HIS REVOLUTION>Y 9TRANSIG5CE4 ,!Y TOLD HIM ?AT HE %\LD BE MORE PATI5T1 BUT ,DURRUTI RESPOND$ BY SAY+ ?AT 0SOCIALISM IS EI!R ACTIVE OR ISN'T SOCIALISM40 ,9 O!R WORDS1 HE ASS]T$ ?AT 0! EMANCIPATION ( ! WORK+ CLASS REQUIRES ! COMPLETE DE/RUCTION ( CAPITALISM & WE CAN'T /OP \R REVOLUTION>Y EF=TS UNTIL ?AT HAPP5S40 ,!Y TOLD HIM ?AT HE %\LD BE S5SITIVE TO ! POLITICAL COMPLEXITIES ( ! MOM5T1 BUT ,DURRUTI REJECT$ ! IDEA ?AT ! VICISSITUDES ( B\RGEOIS POLITICS %\LD CONDITION ! WORK]S' MOVEM5T4 ,:ILE !RE WAS A VA/ *ASM BETWE5 ,BU5AV5TURA & ! LEAD]S1 HIS WORDS HIT A CORD AMONG ! UNION'S Y\?1 :O %>$ HIS REVOLUTION>Y URG5CY & FELT REPELL$ BY ! 5DLESS ADVICE ( 0MOD]ATION40 .<#a#g.> ,DISCUSSIONS ( ?IS NATURE CONT9U$ UNTIL #a#i#a#d1 :5 ECONOMIC CONDITIONS 9 ,SPA9 *ANG$ RADICALLY AS A RESULT ( ! ,FIR/ ,WORLD ,W>4 ,SPA9 WAS A NEUTRAL P>TY 9 ! CONFLICT & PROVID$ ! BELLIG]5TS ) ALL TYPES ( VITAL PRODUCTS & RAW MAT]IALS4 ,! ,SPANI% B\RGEOISIE1 TRAD+ ) BO? ! ,G]MANS & ! ,ALLIES1 CONDUCT$ A SUB/ANTIAL BUS9ESS4 

,9DU/RY1 TRADE1 & M>ITIME TRANSPORT GREW RAPIDLY1 :I* WAS P>TICUL>LY B5EFICIAL = ! METALLURGIC & EXTRACTION 9DU/RIES4 ,OLD BUS9ESSES W]E REVIV$ & ! M9ES W]E WORK$ 9T5SIVELY4 ,?IS MEANT ?AT ! FACTORIES & M9ES HAD TO HIRE MORE WORK]S :I* 9 TURN PROMPT$ LABOR]S TO EMIGRATE FROM ! C\NTRYSIDE TO ! 9DU/RIAL >EAS4 ,?IS HEI<T5$ ! IMPORTANCE & 9FLU5CE ( ! PROLET>IAT1 P>TICUL>LY 9 ,B>CELONA1 :I* ABSORB$ MANY ( ! MIGRANTS4 ,!RE WAS A SIGNIFICANT RISE 9 WORK] MOBILIZATION 9 ! ,CATALAN CAPITAL4 

,! M9ES 9 ,LEON FUNCTION$ AT FULL CAPACITY1 JU/ LIKE ?OSE ?R\<\T ! C\NTRY1 & ,ANTONIO ,MIJE'S ME*ANIC WORK%OP TRIPL$ ITS WORK4 ,H[EV]1 ALL ! ORD]S OV]:ELM$ ,MIJE WORK%OP & ?US HE DECID$ TO S5D TEAMS ( M5 TO ! M9+ C5T]S 9 ,MATALLANA1 ,PONF]RADA1 & ,LA ,ROBLA TO 9/ALL ME*ANICAL WA%]S ON-SITE4 ,MIJE MADE ,BU5AV5TURA A LEAD] ( ONE ( !SE TEAMS & S5T HIM TO ,MATALLANA4 ,= ,DURRUTI & HIS TWO WORKMATES1 ?IS TRIP WAS A LONG-AWAIT$ OPPORTUNITY TO MAKE CONTACT ) ! CELEBRAT$ M9]S ( ,A/URIAS4 

,! FIR/ FEW DAYS PASS$ QUICKLY1 BECAUSE ! WORK WAS SO DEM&+1 BUT ! M9E WAS SOON %UT D[N BY A /RIKE CALL$ TO PROTE/ ! ABUSIVE TREATM5T ?AT ONE ( ! 5G9E]S 9FLICT$ ON ! WORK]S4 ,! M9]S WANT$ ! 5G9E] TO BE FIR$1 BUT ! MANAGEM5T REJECT$ ?IS DEM& \TRI<T4 ,O!RS M9ES 9 ! >EA W5T ON /RIKE 9 SOLID>ITY1 9CREAS+ ! VOLATILITY ( ! CONFLICT4 ,BU5AV5TURA OBS]V$ ?AT 0M9E MANAG]S NE$ US TO ASSEMBLE \R M9]AL WA%]S AS SOON AS POSSIBLE BECAUSE !Y'RE UNABLE TO KEEP UP IF WE DON'T4 ,BUT WE'RE NOT BUDG+4 ,!Y HAVE TO *OOSE BETWE5 MEET+ ! /RIK]S' DEM&S OR DISAPPO9T+ !IR CLI5TS4 ,IT'S UP TO !M40 ,! HI<]-UPS ASSEMBL$ ! ME*ANICS & TOLD !M ?AT !Y HAD A CONTRACT TO FULFILL1 BUT ,BU5AV5TURA DECL>$ ?AT NO?+ W\LD HAPP5 :ILE ! /RIKE LA/$4 ,SOME ?REATS W]E MADE1 BUT ! ME*ANICS HELD FIRM & ! MANAGEM5T HAD TO C$E4 ,!Y REMOV$ ! 5G9E]4 .<#a#h.> 

,! ,LEON Y\?S IMPRESS$ ! M9]S1 P>TICUL>LY ! 0BIG ONE10 AS !Y LIK$ TO CALL ,BU5AV5TURA4 ,!Y BECAME FRI5DLY ) HIM FROM !N ON & BEGAN TO CALL HIM BY HIS FIR/ NAME4 ,AB\T ?IS P]IOD1 ,BU5ACASA WROTE1 0,DURRUTI WAS A %\T ?AT ROSE 9 ,A/URIAS40 ,?AT WAS 9DE$ ! CASE4 .<#a#i.> ,BU5AV5TURA RECEIV$ A SURPRISE :5 HE RETURN$ TO ,LEON AFT] ! ASSEMBLY WAS COMPLET$4 ,MIJE CALL$ HIM 9TO HIS (FICE & TOOK HIM TO TASK = HIS CONDUCT DUR+ ! /RIKE4 ,HE W>N$ HIM ?AT ! ,CIVIL ,GU>D HAD TAK5 AN 9T]E/ 9 HIM & TOLD HIM TO RE/RA9 HIS MILITANT IMPULSES4 0,?IS IS ,LEON1 NOT ,B>CELONA10 HE SAID4 

,!Y HAD HE>D AB\T ! CONFLICT 9 ! ,METALWORK]S' ,UNION TOO4 ,! LEAD]S ADMONI%$ ,DURRUTI = HIS RADICALISM1 :]EAS ! Y\NG PEOPLE W]E EXCIT$ & 5VI$ HIS P>TICIPATION 9 ! /RUGGLE4 

,MEL*OR ,M>T9EZ1 HIS TEA*]1 DIDN'T BEAT >\ND ! BU%4 ,HE TOLD HIM TO GET \T ( ,LEON3 NEI!R ,JOSE ,GONZALEZ ,REGU]AL1 ! ,LIEUT5ANT ,COLONEL ( ! ,CIVIL ,GU>D & PROV9CIAL ,GOV]NOR1 NOR ,COMM&] ,>LEGUI W\LD TOL]ATE EXTREMISM 9 ! REGION4 

,BU5AV5TURA HAD ANO!R SURPRISE AT HOME4 ,HIS FA!R1 :O WAS V]Y SICK AT ! TIME1 JOYFULLY TOLD HIS SON ?AT HE HAD SECUR$ HIM A POSITION AS A ME*ANIC FITT] 9 ! MOBILE WORK%OPS ( ! ,RAILROAD ,COMPANY ( ! ,NOR?4 ,ALL ( ?IS W5T AGA9/ HIS PLANS1 BUT GIV5 ! FAMILY'S SITUATION1 HE DECID$ TO ACCEPT ! JOB4 ,IT WAS UND] !SE CIRCUM/ANCES ?AT HE WAS SWEPT UP BY ! CELEBRAT$ /RIKE ( ,AUGU/ #a#i#a#g4 

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