,P>T #c1 ,*APT] #af 
,/AL9'S ,%AD[ OV] ,SPA9 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,ABEL ,PAZ 

,TEXT 3 

,*,A,P,T,] ,X,V,I4 ,/AL9'S %AD[ OV] ,SPA9 

  

,A REBEL (F5SIVE AGA9/ ! >EA OCCUPI$ BY ! ,DURRUTI ,COLUMN CO9CID$ ) ! ,BUJ>ALOZ ASSEMBLY & ! ,S>95A MILIT>Y CONF]5CE4 ,FASCI/ ,LIEUT5ANT ,COLONEL ,URRUTIA L$ A L>GE =CE MADE UP ( 9FANTRY BATTALION NUMB] #a#i1 ?REE >MOR$ C> COMPANIES1 ! 0,T]CIO ( ! ,PILL>10 ?REE MA*9E-GUNN] COMPANIES FROM ! ,G]ONA ,REGIM5T1 MA*9E-GUNN]S FI<T+ UND] ! 0,PALAFOX0 FLAG1 FIVE ,FALANGE COMPANIES1 TWO SQUADRONS1 & TWO BATT]IES4 ,!RE W]E APPROXIMATELY #d1#e M51 AS WELL AS AIR SUPPORT4 ,ON ,OCTOB] #d1 HE ATTACK$ TO ! NOR? ( ,OS]A & ,VILLAFRANCA4 ,ON ,OCTOB] #h1 HE LAUN*$ ANO!R ASSAULT 9 ! DIRECTION ( ,F>LETE & GOT )9 ?REE KILOMET]S ( ! T[N4 ,ON ,OCTOB] #a1 ! REBELS S5T A L>GE NUMB] ( RE9=CEM5TS TO ,P]DIGU]A1 ,ZU]A1 ,VILLANUEVA1 & ,QU9TO4 ,?AT NI<T1 FASCI/ TROOPS TOOK (F FROM ,P]DIGU]A TO ASC5D ! HEI<TS ?AT RUN ALONG ! EA/ FROM ,P]DIGU]A TO ,LEC95A1 :ILE O!R =CES SEIZ$ ! MORE DI/ANT HEI<TS ( ! ,SI]RA DE ,ALCUBI]RE 9 ORD] TO LAT] FALL ON ! PORT ( ! SAME NAME4 ,! OP]ATION 5D$ :5 ! NATIONALI/ UNITS 5T]$ ,LEC95A ON ,OCTOB] #a#b1 AFT] 9FLICT+ HEAVY LOSSES ON !IR ADV]S>IES4 .<#f#e#a.> 

,JOSE ,MIRA EXPLA9S H[ ! ,DURRUTI ,COLUMN RESPOND$ TO ! (F5SIVE3  
  

,! ,MOBILE ,COLUMN ATTACK$ \R POSITION AT ,CALABAZ>ES-,LA ,PUNTAZA ON ,OCTOB] #d4 ,!Y W]E TRY+ TO BREAK ?R\< ! ,OS]A-,MONEGRILLO ROAD & OCCUPY ,OS]A4 ,!Y MADE SOME PROGRESS AT FIR/1 BUT WE HELD !M BACK & LAT] REPELL$ !M COMPLETELY1 DESPITE ! CON/ANT MA*9E-GUN FIRE ?AT !IR NEW AIR =CE RA9$ D[N UPON US FROM A L[ ALTITUDE4 ,!Y 9ITIAT$ A MU* MORE VIGOR\S (F5SIVE ! FOLL[+ DAY4 ,MOV+ !IR >TILL]Y & TANKS ALONG ! ,VILLAMAYOR-,F>LETE ROAD1 ! MAJORITY ( !IR =CES GOT TO ! \TSKIRTS ( ,F>LETE4 ,! RI<T FLANK WAS 9 ! >EA ( ! PREVI\S ATTACK4 ,!RE WAS A HEAVY PRES5CE ( ,CAVALRY DETA*M5TS AMONG !IR TROOPS4 ,! LEFT FLANK WAS 9 ! >EA >\ND ! ,P]DIGU]A-,F>LETE ROAD4 

,! BATTLE WAS 9T5SE & AL?\< \R SMALL NUMB] ( COMBATANTS 9 ! >EA F\<T WELL1 !Y HAD TO GIVE GR\ND DUE TO ! 5EMY'S 5ORM\S SUP]IORITY4 ,WE QUICKLY ORGANIZ$ A P[]FUL ,COLUMN MADE UP BY ,>TILL]Y & =CES FROM O!R SECTORS 9 ORD] TO C\NT]-ATTACK1 BUT WE W]E AL>M+LY %ORT ON AMMUNITION4 ,WE )DREW AMMUNITION FROM O!R UNITS TO EQUIP ! OP]AT+ =CES1 :I* MEANT ?AT MILITIAM5 9 ! CALM P>TS ( ! FRONT HAD ONLY T5 C>TRIDGES EA*4 

,\R RE9=CEM5TS CAME :5 ! 5EMY WAS LESS ?AN A KILOMET] FROM ,F>LETE4 ,!IR CAVALRY TRI$ TO CIRCLE >\ND ! S\!RN $GE ( ! T[N1 BUT ONE ( \R LI<T BATT]IES PLAC$ ITS >TILL]Y ON ! ROAD1 9 FRONT ( ! TRUCKS1 & OP5$ FIRE4 ,?IS WAS EXTREMELY EFFECTIVE4 ,IT =C$ !M TO MAKE A BLOODY1 HA/Y RETREAT4 ,>MOR$ TRUCKS SET (F 9 PURSUIT1 :I* TURN$ ! 5EMY'S RETREAT 9TO A *AOTIC FLI<T4 

,! 5EMY WAS 9 DIS>RAY AFT] \R ACTION AGA9/ ITS RI<T FLANK BUT !N LAUN*$ A SUCCESSFUL C\NT]-ATTACK4 ,IT )DREW %ORTLY !REAFT]1 :5 \R BOMB]S APPE>$ & BOMB>D$ A FEW TIMES FROM A L[ ALTITUDE4 ,?IS LEVEL$ 5EMY CONC5TRATIONS & CAUS$ !M A HI< NUMB] ( CASUALTIES1 TURN+ ! ADV]S>Y'S )DRAWAL 9TO A COMPLETE R\T4 ,! ASSAILANTS DISP]S$ 9 V>I\S DIRECTIONS1 AB&ON+ WEAPONS & O!R MAT]IEL 9 ! PROCESS4 ,WE SEIZ$ A L>GE NUMB] ( PRISON]S1 ALMO/ ALL FALANGI/S & ,C>LI/S4 ,MANY 5EMY SOLDI]S DES]T$ AS WELL1 :O CAME OV] TO \R L9ES ) >MS4 

,\R =CES W]E 9 COMPLETE CONTROL BY ! 5D ( ! DAY1 DESPITE \R 9DISPUTABLE 9F]IORITY 9 M5 & MAT]IEL4 ,WE PURSU$ ! 5EMY1 :I* RETREAT$ FIFTE5 KILOMET]S 9 ! DIRECTION ( ,P]DIGU]A4 

,DAYS LAT] .<ON ,OCTOB] #a#b.>1 ! REBELS ATTACK$ POSITIONS COV]$ BY A ,P,\,M COLUMN TO ! NOR? ( ! ,SI]RA DE ,ALCUBI]RE4 ,!IR OCCUPATION ( ,LEC95A CAUS$ A DANG]\S RUPTURE 9 \R L9ES & ?REAT5$ ! SECURITY ( ! 5TIRE FRONT4 ,=TUNATELY1 \R RE9=CEM5TS MANAG$ TO CONTA9 ! ASSAILANTS 9 ! VIC9ITY ( ,ALCUBI]RE4 ,TO CLE> ! BESIEG$ ,COLUMN FROM ! FRONT 9 ,LEC95A & ASSI/ 9 ! C\NT]-ATTACK1 \R ,COLUMN ATTEMPT$ TO MAKE CONTACT ) ! 5EMY .<ON ,OCTOB] #a#d.>1 :I* HAD BE5 LO/ S9CE ITS DEFEAT 9 ,F>LETE4 ,WE ALSO 9T5D$ TO PUT PRESSURE ON ! ,VILLAMAYOR-,P]DIGU]A-,LEC95A ROAD4 

,\R TROOPS W]E COHESIVE1 DISCIPL9$1 & FOLL[$ ! ORD]S ?AT !Y RECEIV$4 ,! ,9T]NATIONAL ,GR\P1 :I* WAS COV]+ \R RI<T FLANK1 ADVANC$ T[>D ,P]DIGU]A4 ,H[EV]1 IT W5T TOO F>1 DUE TO EXCESSIVE COMBATIVE >DOR1 & LO/ T\* ) ! RE/ ( ! =CES4 

,! ,9T]NATIONAL ,GR\P ATTACK$ ! 5EMY'S DEF5SES ON ! \TSKIRTS ( ,P]DIGU]A ) H& GR5ADES4 ,!Y MANAG$ TO 5T] ! T[N & DEFEAT ! ADV]S>IAL G>RISON .<,OCTOB] #a#f.>4 ,BUT MORE ?AN TWO 5EMY BATTALIONS FROM ,Z>AGOZA >RIV$ 9 TRUCKS & LAID SIEGE TO ! SITE4 ,\R 9T]NATIONALS F\<T 5]GETICALLY & SOME BROKE ?R\< 5EMY L9ES & RETREAT$ T[>D \R POSITIONS4 ,! O!RS1 TAK+ COV] 9 ! T[N'S H\SES1 F\<T TO ! 5D4 ,! REBELS CAPTUR$ & EXECUT$ ?REE ,R$ ,CROSS NURSES ( V>I\S NATIONALITIES !RE4 

,SEV]AL ( \R C5TURIES APPROA*$ ,P]DIGU]A1 9 HOPES ( HELP+ ! ,9T]NATIONAL ,GR\P1 BUT A MU* L>G] NUMB] ( ADV]S>IAL =CES APPE>$ SIMULTANE\SLY1 :I* MADE \R EF=TS IMPOSSIBLE4 

,WE F9ALLY E/ABLI%$ A CONT9U\S FRONT1 AS ORD]$ BY ! ,COLUMN'S ,W> ,COMMITTEE4 ,\R L9ES /RET*$ NOR?W>D TO ! ,OSCURO ,M\NTA91 ! HI<E/ PO9T ( ! ,SI]RA DE ,ALCUBI]RE1 ONCE WE CLE>$ ! 5EMY FROM ! >EA1 :I* (F]$ SCANT RESI/ANCE4 ,WE SECUR$ A CONNECTION ) ! NEI<BOR+ ,P,\,M ,COLUMN1 :I* US$ ITS PATROLS >\ND ,ALCUBI]RE TO C\NT]ATTACK4.<#f#e#b.> 

,CORMAN WRITES ! FOLL[+ AB\T ! 9T]NATIONALS3 

,B]?OMIEU & =TY ( HIS M5 HAD BE5 TOO D>+4 ,!Y ADVANC$ IMPETU\SLY &1 AS A RESULT1 SEP>AT$ FROM ! RE/ ( ! ,COLUMN4 ,! FASCI/S REALIZ$ ?IS & SURR\ND$ !M ) !IR ,MOORI% CAVALRY4 

,CORN]$ 9 SEV]AL H\SES1 ! =TY M5 FAC$ A =CE TW5TY TIMES L>G] & SOON RAN \T ( AMMUNITION4 ,TWO MILITIAM51 ,RIDEL & ,*>P5TI]1 TOOK ON ! DANG]\S TASK ( SLIPP+ ?R\< ! ,MOROCCANS TO W>N ,DURRUTI4 ,!Y W]E ! ONLY ONES AMONG ! =TY :O 5T]$ ,P]DIGU]A TO SURVIVE4 ,! RE/ DI$ FI<T+4 ,AMONG ! DEAD W]E ,B]?OMIEU1 ,GIRALT1 ,TRONT91 ,B\RDOM1 ,EMILE ,COTT91 ,GEORGETTE 7A Y\NG MILITANT FROM ,P>IS'S ,REVI/A ,AN>QUI/A7 ,G]TRUDIS 7A ,G]MAN ,TROTSKYI/ Y\?71 & TWO NURSES :OSE NAMES >E UNKN[N4 

,WE IMPROV$ \R L9ES BY EI<T KILOMET]S1 BUT ! T]RITORY GA9$ DIDN'T COMP5SATE = ! ,COLUMN'S LOSSES4 ,B]?OMIEU ALONE WAS WOR? MORE ?AN ALL ?AT4 

,IF W> IS ! GREAT DEV\R] ( M51 H]E %E TOOK M5 ( QUALITY4 ,! MO/ VALIANT & G5]\S W]E ! FIR/ TO FALL4.<#f#e#c.>  
  

,:5 CALM RETURN$ TO ! >EA1 ,DURRUTI W5T BACK TO ! ,SANTA ,LUCIA ,9N 1 :]E ,BESN>D TOLD HIM ?AT ,L>GO ,CABALL]O HAD BROK5 ! PACT4 .<#f#e#d.> 

,?IS 9FURIAT$ ,DURRUTI4 ,HE CURS$ ,SANTILLAN = NOT FOLL[+ ?R\< ) ! PLAN TO ROB ! ,BANK ( ,SPA9 & HIMSELF = TAK+ ,L>GO ,CABALL]O AT HIS WORD4 ,BUT ?IS WASN'T ! ONLY NEWS3 !RE WAS ALSO ! MILIT>IZATION DECREE1 :I* REE/ABLI%$ ! HI]>*Y ( COMM& 9 ! MILIT>Y =CES & RE9/ITUT$ ! OLD ,MILIT>Y ,CODE4 ,MANY FI<T]S ASK$ ,DURRUTI = LEAVE1 BECAUSE !Y DID NOT WANT TO SUBMIT TO !SE GOV]NM5T $ICTS4 ,:AT C\LD ,DURRUTI TELL !M8 ,?AT !Y SUBMIT TO !M8 ,HE DIDN'T SAY ANY?+4 ,HE WAS TRULY DISPIRIT$ & REALIZ$ ?AT !Y W]E HEAD+ T[>D ! PRECIPICE & ?AT NO?+ C\LD PREV5T !M FROM GO+ OV] IT4 ,%\LD HE RESIGN8 ,HE1 :O HAD NEV] GIV5 UP ON ANY ( HIS UND]TAK+S6 ,H[ GREATLY HE MISS$ ,ASCASO6 

,DURRUTI DIDN'T SLEEP 9 HIS HEADQU>T]S ?AT NI<T4 ,9/EAD1 HE W5T TO MEET ) ! ,HIJOS DE LA NO*E1 :O W]E GO+ TO C>RY \T A SURPRISE ATTACK4 

,! MILIT>IZATION DECREE WAS A SIGNIFICANT VICTORY = ! ,RUSSIANS4 ,! ,SPANI% GOV]NM5T HAD 9/ITUT$ !IR MILIT>Y POLICY & ,L>GO ,CABALL]O WAS 9 !IR H&S4 ,! DECREE ALSO CO9CID$ ) ! %IPM5T ( ! ,BANK ( ,SPA9'S GOLD TO ,ODESSA4 ,CLE>LY ,CABALL]O HAD MORTGAG$ HIS FUTURE BY FOLL[+ ,/AL9'S ORD]S4 ,:O KNEW !N ?AT SO MANY W\LD TRADE ,SPA9'S FRE$OM = !IR %ORT-T]M GA9S8 

,! ,RUSSIANS' 9FLU5CE 9CREAS$ ! /R5G? ( ! ,SPANI% ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY1 :I* SUDD5LY BECAME ! MA/] ( ! NEW SITUATION4 ,PREVI\SLY ITS LEAD]S ONLY ATTACK$ ! AN>*I/S & ,TROTSKYI/S V]BALLY1 BUT N[ !Y MOV$ TO DE$S4 ,! MILIT>IZATION DECREE P]MITT$ ?IS4 ,! MILITIAM5 ON ! FRONT F\<T = ! REVOLUTION )\T WORRY+ AB\T ! ,P>TY1 BUT ! ,P>TY F\<T = ITSELF ALONE4 ,:ILE SOLDI]S FELL ON ! BATTLEFIELD1 ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY1 AT ! ORD]S ( ! ,/AL9I/ ,C>LOS ,CONTR]AS1 CREAT$ A 0COMM&]S' S*OOL30 ?IS WAS ! 0,FIF? ,REGIM5T10 :I* SIMPLY GROOM$ FUTURE LEAD]S ( ! ,POPUL> ,>MY4 ,PR(ESSIONAL SOLDI]S1 :I* ! MILITIAS ONLY TOL]AT$ AS ADVIS]S1 JO9$ ! 0,FIF? ,REGIM5T0 & %IELD$ !MSELVES UND] ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY FLAG4 ,! 0,FIF? ,REGIM5T0 ALSO CONTA9$ A L>GE NUMB] ( 9TELLECTUALS1 FUNCTION>IES1 & =M] /ATE BUREAUCRATS4 ,! ,C,P1 PRES5T+ ITSELF AS A 0P>TY ( ORD]10 WAS REALLY A P>TY ( ! MIDDLE CLASS4 .<#f#e#e.> 

,! ,RUSSIANS BECAME 9CREAS+LY MORE DEM&+ ON ! POLITICAL T]RA91 AS ,L>GO ,CABALL]O1 !IR CAPTIVE1 W5T FROM CONCESSION TO CONCESSION4 ,HE HAD NO CLUE ?AT EA* COMPROMISE BR\<T HIM A /EP CLOS] TO HIS [N POLITICAL ABYSS4 

,! SITUATION WAS EV5 MORE TRAGIC 9 ,CATALONIA ?AN ,MADRID4 ,! ,RUSSIANS FIR/ SET \T TO ELIM9ATE ! ,P,\,M & !N TO R5D] ! ,C,N,T-,F,A,I P[]LESSNESS4 ,AL?\< ,ANTONOV ,OVSS5KO'S EF=TS W]E /AGG]$1 HE OP]AT$ SO QUICKLY ?AT ! PASSAGE FROM ONE /AGE TO ! NEXT WAS NE>LY IMP]CEPTIBLE4 ,! ,>AGON FRONT & ! ,CATALAN W> 9DU/RY W]E ! ,C,N,T'S WEAK PO9TS4 ,! MILITIAS 9 ,>AGON NE$$ >MS & ! FACTORIES NE$$ RAW MAT]IALS4 ,IF !Y HELD BACK ! REVOLUTION1 ,OVSS5KO PROMIS$ ?AT !Y W\LD GET ONE OR ! O!R4 ,! ,C,N,T & ,F,A,I ,COMMITTEES ACCEPT$ HIS PL$GE & MADE ! MAXIMUM CONCESSION BY AGREE+ TO DISSOLVE ! ,C,C,A,M,C4 ,?IS SET A :OLE *A9 ( EV5TS 9TO MOTION4 ,! UNITY PACT BETWE5 ! ,C,N,T & ! ,U,G,T & BETWE5 ! ,P,S,U,C & ! ,F,A,I 7M>K$ BY ,M>IANO ,R4 ,VAZQUEZ & ,RAFAEL ,VIDIELLA'S .<#f#e#f.> EMBRACE ON ,OCTOB] #b#e1 #a#i#c#f7 FACILITAT$ ! ,P,\,M'S ELIM9ATION FROM ! ,G5]ALITAT & WAS ! PRELUDE TO ! ,MAY DAYS ( #a#i#c#g4 

,TO ESCAPE ! PRESSURE ( ! ,C,N,T & ,F,A,I1 ! ,ESQU]RA ,REPUBLICANA TRI$ TO =M AN ALLIANCE ) ! ,P,S,U,C1 BUT ! ,P,S,U,C'S FIR/ CONDITION WAS ,&REU ,N9'S REMOVAL AS ,JU/ICE ,M9I/] 9 ! ,G5]ALITAT4 ,LLUIS ,COMPANYS ASS5T$ & SIMULAT$ A GOV]NM5T CRISIS 9 ORD] TO =M A NEW GOV]NM5T )\T ! ,P,\,M4 ,! ,P,S,U,C HAD ?US IMPROV$ ITS POSITION1 SO MU* SO ?AT ITS LEAD]1 ,JOAN ,COMOR]A1 FELT /RONG 5\< TO ATTACK ! ,>AGON MILITIAS DIRECTLY 7DISDA9FULLY COMP>+ !M TO TRIBES74 ,! GREAT MILIT>IZATION PU% HAD BEGUN4 

,! ,C,N,T & ,F,A,I ,COMMITTEES RESPOND$ BY SECUR+ !IR CONTROL OV] !IR MILITIAS4 ,H[EV]1 ?AT DIDN'T WORRY ! GOV]NM5T OR ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY1 BECAUSE !Y KNEW ?AT ! REGUL> >MY1 ONCE E/ABLI%$1 W\LD ELIM9ATE ! ,C,N,T'S 9FLU5CE 9 ! COMBATIVE =CES BY ! V]Y LOGIC ( ITS OP]ATION4 ,! ,C,N,T & ,F,A,I ,COMMITTEES W]E TOO ABSORB$ ) !IR POLITICAL MANEUV]+ TO SEE 0! =E/ = ! TREES10 AL?\< MILITIA FI<T]S DID GRASP ?+S MU* MORE CLE>LY4 ,! 9T]NATIONALS 9 ! ,ASCASO ,COLUMN ON ! ,HUESCA FRONT RAIS$ ! ISSUE ( 0REVOLUTION OR W>40 

,IF WE DIVE/ ! W> ( ITS REVOLUTION>Y CONT5T--ITS IDEA ( SOCIAL TRANS=MATION & S5SE ( UNIV]SAL /RUGGLE--!N NO?+ WILL REMA9 BUT A W> = NATIONAL 9DEP5D5CE4 ,:ILE IT MAY =CE US TO CONFRONT LIFE OR DEA? *OICES1 IT WILL NOT BE A W> F\<T \T = A NEW SOCIAL REGIME4 ,WE DON'T ?9K EV]Y?+ IS LO/1 BUT DO BELIEVE ?AT EV]Y?+ IS AT RISK4 ,VICTORY IS UNLIKELY UNLESS SOME?+ UNANTICIPAT$ OCCURS4 .<#f#e#g.> 

,! CONF$]AL MILITIAS ( ! ,C5T] RAIS$ ! SAME QUE/ION3 ,BY :AT RI<T DOES ! GOV]NM5T =GE NEW *A9S ON A PROLET>IAT ?AT ALREADY BROKE ?OSE ?AT RE/RA9 IT8 ,BY :AT RI<T DOES IT RESURRECT MILIT>ISM1 :I* WE HAVE SUFF]$ = SO LONG8 ,= US1 MILIT>ISM IS AN 9TEGRAL P>T ( FASCISM4 ,! >MY IS A TYPICAL 9/RUM5T ( AU?ORIT>IANISM4 ,TO DE/ROY ! >MY IS TO CRU% AU?ORIT>IANISM'S ABILITY TO OPPRESS ! PEOPLE4 ,! /ATE HASN'T DECRE$ \R W>2 IT'S A POPUL> REACTION AGA9/ =CES ?AT WANT TO /RIP US ( \R DIGNITY4 ,IT'S ! PEOPLE :O HAVE TO *OOSE ! BE/ ME?OD & /RATEGY = C>RY+ IT \T4 ,! WORK+ CLASS DOESN'T WANT TO LOSE :AT HAS CO/ IT SO MU* BLOOD TO A*IEVE4 ,=M+ AN >MY IS NO?+ BUT A RETURN TO ! PA/1 A PA/ ?AT WAS BURI$ ON ,JULY #a#i4 

,DURRUTI REPLI$ TO ! NEW DEVELOPM5TS 9 COMM5TS ?AT HE MADE TO ,L',ESPAGNE ,N\VELLE4 ,! NEWSPAP]1 BE=E PR9T+ HIS REFLECTIONS1 MADE SOME REM>KS AB\T ! SITUATION ON ! FRONT3  
  

,=C$ TO *OOSE BETWE5 SUBMITT+ TO ! NEW LAW OR LAY+ D[N !IR >MS & LEAV+ ! MILITIAS1 MO/ ( ! FI<T]S WILL REFUSE TO DO EI!R4 ,!Y BELIEVE ?AT EI!R OPTION W\LD BE DE/RUCTIVE TO ! REVOLUTION ?AT !Y 9T5D TO C>RY =W>D1 REG>DLESS ( ! ORD]S RECEIV$4 ,BUT IT'S A BL[ TO ! MILITIAM5'S FI<T+ SPIRIT4 ,! ,DURRUTI ,COLUMN DECID$ TO FEIGN IGNORANCE ( ! NEW REGULATIONS1 AL?\< IT DID 9/ITUTE SOME ( !IR POSITIVE ASPECTS &1 BY DO+ SO1 PROTECT$ ITSELF FROM *>GES ( 9DISCIPL9E4 ,?IS DEMON/RATES ,DURRUTI'S P]SONAL REALISM AS WELL AS HIS MORAL 9FLU5CE ON ! M5 9 HIS ,COLUMN & ! C\NTRY4 ,HIS PEASANT SLYNESS IS EVID5T 9 HIS OB/9ATE & A/UTE RESPONSES TO \R QUE/IONS3  
  

0,IS IT TRUE ?AT !Y'RE GO+ TO REE/ABLI% ! OLD >MY ,MILIT>Y ,CODE & HI]>*Y ( COMM& 9 ! MILITIAS80 

0,NO6 ,?AT'S NOT H[ ?+S >E4 ,SOME CONSCRIPTS HAVE BE5 MOBILIZ$ & ! S+LE COMM& HAS BE5 9/ITUT$4 ,! DISCIPL9E NECESS>Y = /REET BATTLES WASN'T 5\< = A LONG & H>D MILIT>Y CAMPAIGN AGA9/ A WELL-EQUIPP$1 MOD]N >MY4 ,WE HAD TO OV]COME ?AT DEFICI5CY40 0,:AT DOES ! RE5=CEM5T ( DISCIPL9E MEAN EXACTLY80 

0,UP TO N[1 WE HAD A L>GE NUMB] ( UNITS1 EA* ) !IR [N LEAD]S & =CES 7:I* V>I$ RADICALLY FROM ONE DAY TO ! NEXT71 ) !IR [N >MORY1 TRANSPORT1 SUPPLY1 A DI/9CT POLICY T[>D RE>GU>D 9HABITANTS1 & (T5 A V]Y UNIQUE WAY ( SEE+ ! W>4 ,?AT HAD TO /OP4 ,SOME CORRECTIONS HAVE BE5 MADE & SURELY O!RS WILL FOLL[40 

0,BUT ! RANKS1 MILIT>Y SALUTES1 PUNI%M5TS1 & REW>DS80 

0,WE DON'T NE$ ANY ( ?AT4 ,H]E WE >E AN>*I/S40 

0,HASN'T A REC5T DECREE FROM ,MADRID PUT ! OLD ,MILIT>Y ,CODE ( ,JU/ICE 9TO EFFECT80 

0,YES1 & ! GOV]NM5T'S DECISION HAS HAD A DEPLORABLE EFFECT4 ,!Y HAVE ABSOLUTELY NO S5SE ( REALITY4 ,! SPIRIT ( ?AT DECREE TOTALLY CONTRADICTS ! S5TIM5T AMONG ! MILITIAM54 ,WE'RE V]Y CONCILIATORY1 BUT WE KN[ ?AT ?OSE TWO WAYS ( APPROA*+ ! /RUGGLE CAN'T COEXI/40 

0,IF ! W> IS PROLONG$1 DO Y\ ?9K ?AT MILIT>ISM C\LD /ABILIZE ITSELF & PUT ! REVOLUTION 9 DANG]80 

0,WELL1 ?AT'S EXACTLY :Y WE HAVE TO W9 ! W> AS SOON AS POSSIBLE60 ,) ?IS REPLY1 COMRADE ,DURRUTI SMILES AT US & WE %AKE H&S4 .<#f#e#h.> ,= ITS P>T1 ! ,C,N,T & ! ,F,A,I PUBLI%$ ! FOLL[+ NOTE3 ,IT W\LD BE *ILDI% TO GIVE ! GOV]NM5T ABSOLUTE CONTROL ( ! PROLET>IAN =CES4 ,A MOBILIZ$ WORK] IS NOT A SOLDI]1 BUT A WORK] :O HAS EX*ANG$ HIS TOOL = A RIFLE4 ,! /RUGGLE IS ! SAME 9 ! FACTORY AS ON ! BATTLEFIELD1 & SO ! ORGANIZATIONS %\LD CONTROL !IR [N =CES4 ,! ,C,N,T1 )\T WAIT+ = ORD]S FROM ANYONE1 ACCEPTS ITS RESPONSIBILITIES & GIVES ! FOLL[+ 9/RUCTIONS TO ! MEMB] WORK]S AFFECT$ BY ! MOBILIZATION3 0,IMM$IATELY GO TO ! ,C,N,T B>RACKS OR TO Y\R UNIONS OR DEF5SE COMMITTEES1 :]E Y\ WILL RECEIVE ! MILITIAMAN'S C>D = Y\R 9CORPORATION 9TO ! ,CONF$]AL ,COLUMNS40 ,MAK+ ?IS DECISION1 ! WORK+ CLASS ONCE AGA9 AFFIRMS ITS FAI? 9 ! REVOLUTION 9 PROGRESS4 .<#f#e#i.> ,! ,C,N,T WAS TRY+ TO H>MONIZE ! ATTITUDE ( ! AN>*I/ MILITIAM5 ) ! GOV]NM5T'S DECISIONS4 ,BUT :AT ! ,C,N,T DIDN'T KN[ WAS ?AT ! /ATI/ MA*9]Y L$ BY ,L>GO ,CABALL]O WAS 9SATIABLE2 & NOT BECAUSE ,CABALL]O WANT$ IT TO BE ?AT WAY1 BUT SIMPLY BECAUSE ?AT WAS ! NATURE ( ! APP>ATUS HE WAS RECON/RUCT+4 

,! MILIT>IZATION DECREE WAS FOLL[$ BY ! NATIONALIZATION ( ! W> 9DU/RY1 :I* TORE ?AT 9DU/RY FROM ! WORK]S' H&S & PUT IT UND] ! CONTROL ( A /ATE BUREAUCRACY SEEK+ TO RETURN EXPROPRIAT$ BUS9ESSES TO !IR =M] [N]S4 

,CAMILO ,B]N]I D5\NC$ ! PROGRESS ( ! C\NT]REVOLUTION 9 HIS NEWSPAP] ,GU]RE DI CLASE1 ! PUBLICATION ( ,ITALIAN EXILES 9 ,SPA94 ,HE WROTE ?AT 0A C]TA9 SC5T ( ,NOSKE IS FLOAT+ 9 ! AIR40 .<#f#f.> ,YET COMPLA9+ WASN'T 5\<1 IT WAS NECESS>Y TO RESPOND4 ,BUT H[8 

,L>GO ,CABALL]O'S POLICY WAS CLE>LY DIRECT$ AGA9/ ! WORK+ CLASS & !RE=E AGA9/ ! ,C,N,T4 ,BUT C\LD HIS POLICY HAVE BE5 DIFF]5T8 ,WASN'T HIS GOV]NM5T =M$ PRECISELY TO RECON/RUCT ! OLD ,REPUBLICAN1 B\RGEOIS1 /ATI/ APP>ATUS8 

,& HADN'T ! ,C,N,T FACILITAT$ ?AT RECON/RUCTION BY ACCEPT+ COLLABORATION ) ! O!R ANTI-FASCI/ T5D5CIES8 ,! REVOLUTION WAS 9 A /ALEMATE & !RE WAS NO WAY TO BREAK \T ( IT EXCEPT BY CRU%+ ! C\NT]REVOLUTION>Y =CES )9 ! ANTI-FASCI/ CAMP :ILE SIMULTANE\SLY FI<T+ ,FRANCO'S TROOPS4 ,WAS ?AT POSSIBLE8 

,A NATIONAL ,C,N,T MEET+ CAME UP ) A SOLUTION ?AT MI<T HAVE BE5 FEASIBLE IF ! ,SOVIET ,UNION HAD NOT 9FILTRAT$ ,SPA91 DIDN'T HAVE ,L>GO ,CABALL]O 9 ITS GRIPS1 & HADN'T MOV$ ! ,SPANI% TREASURY TO ,RUSSIA4 ,! PLAN WAS TO =M A WORK]S' GOV]NM5T CALL$ ! ,NATIONAL ,DEF5SE ,C\NCIL1 :I* W\LD BE BAS$ ON ! ,C,N,T & ,U,G,T & 9 :I* ! POLITICAL P>TIES W\LD PLAY A SECOND>Y ROLE4 ,L>GO ,CABALL]O F\ND ! IDEA ATTRACTIVE MOM5T>ILY1 BUT A LI<T JO/LE FROM ,RUSSIAN ,AMBASSADOR ,M>CEL ,ROSEMB]G RETURN$ HIM TO HIS POLITICAL S5SES4 ,LIKEWISE1 ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY LAUN*$ A CAMPAIGN AGA9/ ! 0,C,N,T-,U,G,T CONSPIRACY0 & ! 5TIRE PRO-,/AL9I/ W+ ( ! ,SOCIALI/ ,P>TY 7L$ BY ,9DALECIO ,PRIETO7 ROSE UP AGA9/ ! ATTEMPT TO EXCLUDE ! POLITICAL P>TIES FROM ! LEAD]%IP ( ! W>4 

,L>GO ,CABALL]O FELT ! GR\ND CRUMBL+ B5EA? HIM4 .<#f#f#a.> ,& ! ,COMMUNI/S1 NOT C>+ IF !Y PROVOK$ A CIVIL W> AMONG ! ANTI-FASCI/S1 W5T ON ! ATTACK AGA9/ ! WORK+ CLASS4 ,VIC5TE ,URIBE1 ! ,COMMUNI/ ,M9I/] ( ,AGRICULTURE1 RELEAS$ A DECREE /AT+ ?AT L&S C\LD NOT BE EXPROPRIAT$ UNLESS !RE WAS 9CONTROV]TIBLE EVID5CE ?AT ! =M] [N]S W]E TRULY FASCI/S4 ,?IS ?REAT5$ ! EXI/5CE ( ! #a1#e AGRICULTURAL COLLECTIVES ?AT ! ,C,N,T HAD ORGANIZ$ 9 ,LEVANTE1 ,>AGON1 ,&ALUSIA1 & ,CA/ILLA4 ,BUT ! C\NT]REVOLUTION>IES DIDN'T /OP !RE3 !Y ALSO W5T AFT] COLLECTIVE MANAGEM5T 9 ! TRANSPORTATION 9DU/RY1 ! M9ES1 & ELSE:]E4 ,ALL ! WORK]S' CONQUE/S W]E N[ AT RISK4 ,!RE W\LD HAVE TO BE AN >M$ CONFRONTATION1 & ?AT W\LD BE ,FRANCO'S VICTORY4 

,ON ,JULY #b1 ALL ,SPANI% MILITANTS KNEW ?AT ! REVOLUTION W\LD FAIL IF ! 9T]NATIONAL PROLET>IAT1 OR AT LEA/ ! ,FR5*1 DIDN'T COME TO ITS AID4 ,BY ,OCTOB]1 ANY HOPE ?AT ! WORLD PROLET>IAT MI<T GO 9TO ACTION HAD DISSIPAT$ & ,SPANI% REVOLUTION>IES HAD TO FI<T NOT ONLY AGA9/ ! FASCI/ & 0DEMOCRATIC0 P[]S BUT ALSO ! ,U,S,S,R1 ! 0FA!RL& ( ! PROLET>IAT40 

,! ,SOCIALI/ ,F$]ATION ( ! ,SE9E HELD A RALLY ON ,SEPTEMB] #f 9 ,LUNA ,P>K DEM&+ ?AT ! ,FR5* ,POPUL> ,FRONT GOV]NM5T GIVE REAL SUPPORT TO ! ,SPANI% REVOLUTION4 ,LEON ,BLUM WAS NOT 9VIT$1 BUT DECID$ TO DEFY ! PEOPLE'S RAGE & ATT5D ANYWAY4 ,! CR[D RECEIV$ HIM ) %\TS ( 0,CANNONS = ,SPA96 ,CANNONS = ,SPA960 ,!N1 ONCE ! 9ITIAL COMMOTION HAD PASS$1 HE DELIV]$ A S5TIM5TAL SPEE*3  
  

,?OSE :O KN[ ME WELL UND]/& ?AT ,I HAV5'T *ANG$4 ,DO Y\ ?9K ?AT ,I DON'T SUPPORT & %>E Y\R FEEL+S8 ,Y\ HE>D ! REPRES5TATIVES ( ! ,SPANI% ,POPUL> ,FRONT ! O!R NI<T 9 ! ,W9T] ,VELODROME4 ,I SPOKE ) !M ?AT DAY1 9 ! MORN+4 ,DO Y\ ?9K ?AT ,I LI/5$ TO !M ) ANY LESS EMOTION ?AN Y\8 7,APPLAUSE47 ,WE HAVE TO DO EV]Y?+ POSSIBLE TO ELIM9ATE ! ?REAT ( W>4.<#f#f#b.>  
  

,= ! SAKE ( PEACE1 IT MATT]$ LITTLE IF ! ,SPANI% PEOPLE P]I%$6 ,?AT WAS ! ESS5CE ( ,LEON ,BLUM'S MESSAGE TO ?OSE WORK]S4 ,&1 S9CE CR[DS CAN BE FICKLE1 HE WON ! DAY4 ,EV]YONE /OOD UP & YELL$ 0,VIVA ,LEON ,BLUM60 9 UNISON1 :ILE ! NOTES ( ,! ,9T]NATIONAL MIX$ ) !IR *E]S4 ,!Y W5T FROM 0,CANNONS = ,SPA960 TO APPLAUD+ ,BLUM1 :I* WAS ! EQUIVAL5T TO APPLAUD+ ! NON9T]V5TION POLICY4 ,?AT SAD SC5E ANN\NC$ ! SURE DEFEAT ( ! ,SPANI% REVOLUTION>IES6 ,BUT 9 ,SPA91 :]E ! C\NT]REVOLUTION>Y NOOSE TI<T5$ DAILY1 !RE WAS NO WAY TO /OP FI<T+4 

,GIV5 ! ,C,N,T'S FAILURE TO =M ! ,NATIONAL ,DEF5SE ,C\NCIL1 & ?AT IT WAS N[ MANEUV]+ ON ! POLITICAL T]RA91 IT WAS 9EVITABLE ?AT IT #eef ,/AL9'S %AD[ OV] ,SPA9W\LD JO9 ! C5TRAL GOV]NM5T4 ,AFT] DISSOLV+ ! ,C,C,A,M,C & 5T]+ ! ,G5]ALITAT1 ! LA/ /OP HAD TO BE ,MADRID4 ,BY *OOS+ ?AT R\TE1 ! ,C,N,T SELECT$ ! WOR/ ( ALL POSSIBLE R\TES1 S9CE IT NOT ONLY ?REW ALL ITS ANTI-/ATI/ IDEAS OV]BO>D BUT ALSO DEPRIV$ ITSELF ( ITS [N /R5G?3 ITS ACTIVI/ BASE1 :I* ABHORR$ ?AT POLITICAL 0TURN40 ,BY TRY+ TO AVOID A BATTLE AMONG ANTI-FASCI/S1 IT ONLY DELAY$ IT :ILE SIMULTANE\SLY R$UC+ ITS CAPACITY = FI<T4 

,! ,/AL9I/S FOLL[$ ! ,C,N,T & ! AN>*I/S' 9T]NAL CRISIS ATT5TIVELY & HOP$ TO MAKE ! MO/ ( IT4 ,ANTONOV ,OVSS5KO PLAY$ A C5TRAL ROLE H]E4 ,HE CON/ANTLY REPEAT$ ?AT 0,COMRADE ,/AL9 HAS NO POLITICAL AMBITIONS 9 ,SPA9 & S9C]ELY WANTS VICTORY = ! ,SPANI% ,REPUBLIC40 ,& ! ,COMMUNI/'S PROPAG&A (F5SIVE DID HAVE SOME IMPACT 9SIDE ! ,C,N,T & ,F,A,I4 ,! ,RUSSIAN ,CONSUL CONFID5TIALLY TOLD ,LLUIS ,COMPANYS ?AT IT W\LD BE GOOD IF A L>GE GR\P ( ,CATALANS ATT5D$ ! ANNIV]S>Y COMMEMORATION ( ! ,OCTOB] ,REVOLUTION 9 ,MOSC[4 ,HE EV5 9S9UAT$ ?AT IT W\LD BE MAGNIFIC5T IF ,DURRUTI WAS AMONG !M4 ,LLUIS ,COMPANYS CONVEY$ ,OVSS5KO'S SUGGE/ION TO ! ,C,N,T ,REGIONAL ,COMMITTEE1 :I* AGRE$ TO S5D ,C,N,T M5 TO ,RUSSIA & ALSO DISPAT*$ A GR\P TO ,BUJ>ALOZ TO CONV9CE ,DURRUTI TO JO9 ! DELEGATION4 ,:5 ! ,C,N,T 5VOYS 9 ,BUJ>ALOZ F9I%$ EXPLA9+ ! IDEA1 ,DURRUTI SAID3  
  

,MAYBE1 = PROPAG&I/IC PURPOSES1 IT W\LD BE GOOD IF ! ,C,N,T S5T SOMEONE ALONG1 BUT TO ?9K ?AT !RE WILL BE AN OPPORTUNITY TO TELL ! ,RUSSIAN PEOPLE :AT \R REVOLUTION REALLY MEANS & NE$S IS TO MISUND]/& ,SOVIET REALITY4 ,G,P,U AG5TS & O!R AU?ORITIES WILL BESIEGE \R COMRADES4 ,!Y'LL GO FROM CELEBRATION TO CELEBRATION & BE A BANN] ON ! (FICIAL RO/RUM4 ,! GOV]NM5T WILL USE !M TO %[ ! ,RUSSIAN PEOPLE ?AT ,SPA9 IS GRATEFUL = ITS HELP4 ,SO1 ,I ?9K IT'S A MI/AKE TO S5D ,C,N,T REPRES5TATIVES & ( C\RSE USELESS TO S5D SOMEONE FROM ! ,COLUMN4 ,BUT1 NONE!LESS1 ! ,W> ,COMMITTEE WILL HAVE TO MAKE ! DECISION4.<#f#f#c.>  
  

,! ,W> ,COMMITTEE DECID$ ?AT ,FRANCISCO ,C>R5O W\LD REPRES5T ! ,COLUMN 9 ,MOSC[4 ,DURRUTI 9SI/$ ON DRAFT+ A GREET+ TO ! ,RUSSIAN WORK]S1 :I* ,C>R5O PL$G$ TO RELEASE 9 ! ,SOVIET CAPITAL4 ,IF WE PLACE ,DURRUTI'S TEXT 9 ITS HI/ORICAL CONTEXT--:5 ,/AL9'S CULT ( P]SONALITY HAD REA*$ ! MO/ ABSURD EXTREMES--WE CAN BE C]TA9 ?AT ,C>R5O DID NOT READ HIS /ATEM5T 9 ,MOSC[4 ,A LETT] TO ,RUSSIAN WORK]S ?AT DIDN'T M5TION ! 0GLORI\S0 ,/AL91 ! 0H]OIC0 ,BOL%EVIK P>TY1 OR RECOGNIZE ! ,SOVIET ,UNION AS ! 0FA!RL& ( ! PROLET>IAT0 W\LD NECESS>ILY BE RECEIV$ AS AN 9SULT BY ! ,/AL9I/ BUREAUCRACY4 ,H]E IS ! TEXT 9 QUE/ION3  
  

,COMRADES3 

,! PURPOSE ( !SE L9ES IS TO S5D Y\ A FRAT]NAL SALUTATION FROM ! ,>AGON FRONT1 :]E ?\S&S ( Y\R BRO!RS FI<T1 AS Y\ F\<T TW5TY YE>S AGO1 = ! EMANCIPATION ( A CLASS ?AT HAS BE5 (F5D$ & HUMILIAT$ OV] ! C5TURIES4 ,TW5TY YE>S AGO ! ,RUSSIAN WORK]S FLEW ! R$ FLAG 9 ! ,EA/4 ,IT WAS A SYMBOL ( ! 9T]NATIONAL PROLET>IAT1 9 :I* Y\ PLAC$ ALL Y\R TRU/1 9 HOPES ?AT IT W\LD HELP Y\ C>RY \T ! MOM5T\S WORK ?AT Y\ HAD BEGUN4 ,WE1 ! WORK]S ( ! WORLD1 HONOR$ ?AT TRU/ & RESPOND$ SELFLESSLY4 

,TODAY A REVOLUTION HAS BE5 BORN 9 ! ,WE/ & A FLAG ALSO FLIES ?AT REPRES5TS AN IDEAL1 :I*1 TRIUMPHANT1 WILL FRAT]NALLY UNITE TWO PEOPLES ONCE MOCK$ BY ,CZ>ISM ON ! ONE H& & A DESPOTIC MON>*Y ON ! O!R4 ,TODAY1 ,RUSSIAN WORK]S1 WE PLACE ! DEF5SE ( \R REVOLUTION 9 Y\R H&S4 ,WE HAVE NO FAI? 9 SELF-/YL$ DEMOCRATIC OR ANTI-FASCI/ POLITICIANS4 ,WE RELY ON \R CLASS BRO!RS1 ! WORK]S3 !Y >E ! ONES :O HAVE TO DEF5D ! ,SPANI% REVOLUTION1 JU/ LIKE WE DEF5D$ ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION TWO DECADES E>LI]4 

,TRU/ US4 ,WE >E AU!NTIC WORK]S4 ,NO?+ 9 ! WORLD WILL MAKE US =SAKE \R PR9CIPLES4 ,WE WILL NEV] BETRAY ! WORK+ CLASS4 

,GREET+S FROM ALL ! WORK]S :O FI<T AGA9/ FASCISM ) WEAPONS 9 H& ON ! ,>AGON FRONT4 

,Y\R COMRADE3 ,B4 ,DURRUTI 

,OS]A1 ,OCTOB] #b#c1 #a#i#c#f.<#f#f#d.>  
  

,! MILIT>Y SITUATION 9 ! ,C5T] WAS BECOM+ MORE DESP]ATE DAILY & REBEL TROOPS HAD COME DANG]\SLY CLOSE TO ,MADRID4 ,! GOV]NM5T BEGAN TO ASSUME ?AT ! CITY W\LD FALL 9TO 9SURG5T H&S & S]I\SLY CONSID]$ RELOCAT+1 TAK+ ! LEAD]S ( ! POLITICAL P>TIES & LABOR ORGANIZATIONS ) IT4 ,ON ,OCTOB] #a#h1 ,L>GO ,CABALL]O CALL$ A MEET+ ( ,POPUL> ,FRONT & ,C,N,T REPRES5TATIVES 7DESPITE ! FACT ?AT ! ,C,N,T WAS NOT A MEMB] ( ! ,POPUL> ,FRONT74 

,HORACIO ,M>T9EZ ,PRIETO--:O HAD REC5TLY BECOME ! ORGANIZATION'S ,G5]AL ,SECRET>Y--REPRES5T$ ! ,C,N,T AT ! MEET+4 ,L>GO ,CABALL]O GAVE A PA!TIC SPEE* 9 :I* HE >GU$ ?AT MOV+ ! GOV]NM5T W\LD BE GOOD = ! W> EF=T4 ,NO ONE1 NOT EV5 ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY REPRES5TATIVE1 ?\<T HIS SUGGE/ION WAS FOOLI%4 ,JU/ :5 IT SEEM$ LIKE EV]YONE SUPPORT$ ! MOVE1 ,PRIETO DECL>$ ?AT ! PEOPLE W\LD ?9K ! GOV]NM5T WAS AB&ON+ ,MADRID & SEE ITS ACTION AS A C[>DLY FLI<T4 ,?AT1 9 ADDITION TO ! CONT9U\S DEFEATS ?AT !Y HAD BE5 SUFF]+1 W\LD BE A MORTAL BL[ TO ! MILITIAS' FI<T+ SPIRIT4 ,CABALL]O'S ONLY RESPONSE WAS TO SAY ?AT ! ,C,N,T 0DOESN'T HAVE A REALI/IC VIEW ( ! SITUATION40 ,BUT ,PRIETO HELD FIRM1 ADD+ ?AT 0IF ! GOV]NM5T DOES MOVE1 ! ,C,N,T WILL /AY 9 ,MADRID3 ITS ,NATIONAL ,COMMITTEE WON'T FOLL[40 ,GIV5 !IR /ANCE1 ! ,SOCIALI/ LEAD] HAD TO GIVE UP ! PROJECT$ RELOCATION4 ,! ,C,N,T ?US E>N$ ! ANTIPA?Y ( ALL ! ,POPUL> ,FRONT REPRES5TATIVES1 :O HAD ALWAYS IMAG9$ !MSELVES 0BEYOND ! L9E ( FIRE0 & W]E N[ UP TO !IR NECKS 9 ! W> ?ANKS TO ! ,C,N,T'S FAILURE TO HAVE A 0REALI/IC VIEW ( ! SITUATION40 .<#f#f#e.> 

,HORACIO ,M4 ,PRIETO WON ! FIR/ BATTLE4 ,H[EV]1 ,L>GO ,CABALL]O1 :O DIDN'T APPRECIATE ! ,C,N,T'S AUTONOMY1 9T5SIFI$ HIS EF=TS TO GET IT TO %>E 9 GOV]NM5TAL RESPONSIBILITY4 ,! MILIT>IZATION ( ! MILITIAS & ! NATIONALIZATION ( 9DU/RY & AGRICULTURE W]E DESIGN$ ) ?AT 5D 9 M9D4 ,CABALL]O KNEW ?AT ,PRIETO SUPPORT$ ! ,C,N,T'S 5TRANCE 9TO ! GOV]NM5T & ?\<T HIS /UBBORNNESS AT ! ,OCTOB] #ah MEET+ WAS MORE ( A POLITICAL MANEUV] ?AN A REFLECTION ( A G5U9E CONC]N = MASS FEEL+4 ,HE ASSUM$ ?AT ! ,C,N,T'S WILL+NESS TO P>TICIPATE 9 ! GOV]NM5T DEP5D$ ON ! DI/RIBUTION ( M9I/RIES4 ,L>GO ,CABALL]O & ,HORACIO ,M4 ,PRIETO BEGAN DISCREET CONV]SATIONS 9 :I* !Y NEGOTIAT$ ! ,C,N,T'S ADMITTANCE 9TO ! ,CAB9ET4 ,ULTIMATELY1 !Y DECID$ ?AT ! ,C,N,T W\LD RECEIVE F\R M9I/RIES & ?AT IT C\LD SELECT ITS [N M9I/]S4 ,PRIETO ALSO PROMIS$ ?AT !Y W\LD S5D ,DURRUTI TO HELP DEF5D ,MADRID4 ,?+S BEGAN MOV+ QUICKLY4 

,PRIETO KNEW ?AT GETT+ LEAD+ FIGURES ( ! ,C,N,T'S LEFTW+--?AT IS1 MILITANTS ID5TIFI$ ) ! ,F,A,I--TO AGREE TO BE M9I/]S W\LD BE ! BE/ WAY TO MAKE ! ORGANIZATION'S RANK & FILE ACCEPT ITS 5TRY 9TO ! GOV]NM5T4 ,F$]ICA ,MONTS5Y & ,JUAN ,G>CIA ,OLIV] W]E ! MO/ WELL-KN[N 0,F,A,II/AS40 ,PRIETO DIDN'T CONSULT ANYONE :5 SELECT+ ! M9I/]S1 NOT EV5 HIS COMRADES ON ! ,NATIONAL ,COMMITTEE4 ,HE OP]AT$ LIKE A TYPICAL P>TY BOSS4 ,HE CALL$ ! MOD]ATES1 ,JUAN ,LOPEZ & ,JUAN ,PEIRO1 & TOLD !M ?AT !Y W\LD OCCUPY ! M9I/RIES ( ,TRADE & ,9DU/RY1 RESPECTIVELY4 ,?+S W]E DIFF]5T ) ,MONTS5Y & ,OLIV]3 NOT ONLY DID !Y HAVE TO OV]COME AN>*I/ 0SCRUPLES10 BUT !Y ALSO HAD TACTICAL CONC]NS4 ,A PHONE CALL WASN'T SUFFICI5T 9 !IR CASES & SO ,HORACIO W5T TO ,B>CELONA TO RESOLVE ! MATT] DIRECTLY4 ,MONTS5Y FELT HORRIBLY TORN :5 HE PRESS$ H] TO ACCEPT ! POSITION4 ,AT FIR/ %E REFUS$1 CLAIM+ ?AT O!RS W]E BETT] SUIT$4 ,%E ALSO CONSULT$ H] FA!R1 ! OLD AN>*I/ ,F$]ICO ,URALES1 & DESPITE ! FACT ?AT HE C\NSEL$ H] TO CONS5T1 %E CONT9U$ TO RESI/4 

,%E DIDN'T AGREE UNTIL ,PRIETO1 US+ ALL ! PR]OGATIVES ( HIS PO/1 APPEAL$ TO H] S5SE ( 0ORGANIZATIONAL RESPONSIBILITY40 

,5C\RAG$ BY HIS SUCCESS ) ,MONTS5Y1 ,PRIETO !N SPOKE ) ,G>CIA ,OLIV]4 ,?+S W]E MORE DIFFICULT ) HIM4 ,= ,G>CIA ,OLIV]1 ! QUE/ION ( :E!R OR NOT TO JO9 ! GOV]NM5T WASN'T SOME?+ ?AT KEPT HIM UP AT NI<T4 ,!RE W]E MORE IMPORTANT TACTICAL CONC]NS ?AT 9CL9$ HIM TO SAY NO4 ,HE BELIEV$ ?AT ! N]VE C5T] ( ! REVOLUTION & ! W> WAS 9 ,B>CELONA & ?AT ! ,C,N,T W\LD LOSE EV]Y?+ IF IT LO/ ITS 9FLU5CE & POLITICAL CONTROL !RE4 ,HE ?\<T ?AT IT HAD BE5 A SIGNIFICANT MI/AKE TO DISSOLVE ! ,C,C,A,M,C1 BUT ?AT ! ,C,N,T HAD COMP5SAT$ = IT BY SECUR+ ITS COMM& OV] ! ,M9I/RY ( ,DEF5SE1 :]E HE OCCUPI$ ! MO/ IMPORTANT PO/ & DIRECTLY OV]SAW ! MILITIAS 9 ,>AGON1 ! ,W> ,COLLEGE1 & ! ,AIR ,=CE S*OOL4 ,LIKEWISE1 ,AURELIO ,F]N&EZ & ,DIONISIO ,]OLES /ILL RAN ! POLICE & ,JOSE ,ASS5S /ILL L$ ! 0,CONTROL ,PATROLS40 ,IT WAS POSSIBLE TO USE !SE POSITIONS TO CONTA9 ! ,P,S,U,C1 :I* WAS GA9+ GR\ND ?ANKS TO ! WEAKNESS ( ! ,C,N,T'S ,REGIONAL ,COMMITTEE4 ,G>CIA ,OLIV] JU/LY CLAIM$ ?AT HE WAS AN 9TEGRAL P>T ( ?AT FRAGILE EQUILIBRIUM & ?AT1 IF HE LEFT ! ,M9I/RY ( ,DEF5SE1 SOMEONE )\T HIS 9FLU5CE W\LD REPLACE HIM & !IR POSITIONS W\LD SL[LY FALL TO ! ,P,S,U,C4 ,G>CIA ,OLIV]'S ANALYSIS WAS COH]5T1 & TO D5Y IT WAS TO PUT ALL ! REVOLUTION>Y CONQUE/S AT RISK4 ,BUT ,PRIETO DIDN'T REALLY BELIEVE 9 ! REVOLUTION & SIMPLY WANT$ TO TURN ! ,F,A,I 9TO A POLITICAL P>TY1 US+ ! ,C,N,T AS AN ELECTORAL TRAMPOL9E4 ,HE PRESSUR$ ,G>CIA ,OLIV]1 :O 5D$ UP ACCEPT+1 BUT NOT )\T FIR/ SAY+ ?AT HE W\LD HOLD ! ,NATIONAL ,COMMITTEE RESPONSIBLE = ! CONSEQU5CES4 ,9 \R OP9ION1 ,G>CIA ,OLIV] COMMITT$ A S]I\S ]ROR H]E3 HIS EXP]I5CE ) ! DEMISE ( ! ,C,C,A,M,C %\LD HAVE L$ HIM TO EMPHATICALLY REJECT ,PRIETO'S PROPOSITION4 ,ONCE AGA91 ,G>CIA ,OLIV]'S REPUTATION AS AN 0AN>*O-,BOL%EVIK0 SEEM$ TO BE CONFIRM$1 AL?\< ! *>GE WAS UNJU/1 S9CE ONE ( HIS BIGGE/ FLAWS WAS AN UNWAV]+ RESPECT = & SUBMISSION TO ,C,N,T DECISIONS4 

,PRIETO ONLY HAD TO CONV9CE ,DURRUTI TO COME TO ,MADRID TO BE SUCCESSFUL 9 HIS 5TIRE 5DEAVOR & HE TOOK (F = ,BUJ>ALOZ TO ACCOMPLI% ! TASK4 ,H[EV]1 ,G>CIA ,OLIV] HAD ALREADY 9=M$ ,DURRUTI AB\T ,HORACIO'S 9T5TIONS BY ! TIME HE >RIV$ &1 :5 ! DISCUSSION CAME UP1 ,DURRUTI IMM$IATELY CUT (F ! ,C,N,T ,G5]AL ,SECRET>Y3 0,NO1 ,I WON'T LEAVE ,>AGON1 ESPECIALLY :5 ! ,>AGON ,DEF5SE ,C\NCIL IS 9 SU* A PREC>I\S POSITION1 /ILL UNRECOGNIZ$ BY ! ,C,N,T1 TREAT$ AS AN 'UNCONTROLL$' BODY BY ! ,COMMUNI/S1 & IGNOR$ BY ! ,MADRID GOV]NM5T40 ,HORACIO 9SI/$1 REM9D+ HIM ( HIS 0RESPONSIBILITIES0 & ! NE$ TO BE 0DISCIPL9$40 ,TO LECTURE ,DURRUTI AB\T 0RESPONSIBILITY0 & 0DISCIPLE10 GIV5 EV]Y?+ ?AT HE WAS EXP]I5C+1 WAS 5\< TO DRIVE HIM CRAZY3 0,I DON'T RECOGNIZE ANY DISCIPL9E O!R ?AN REVOLUTION>Y DISCIPL9E10 HE SAID ANGRILY4 ,&1 ) RESPECT TO 0RESPONSIBILITY10 HE TOLD ,PRIETO ?AT 09 ! RE>GU>D1 Y\'VE REPLAC$ ! OLD MILITANT RESPONSIBILITY ) A DISA/R\S BUREAUCRATIC RESPONSIBILITY40 .<#f#f#f.> 

,PRIETO HAD NO *OICE BUT TO LEAVE ,>AGON1 CURS+ 0! IRRESPONSIBILITY ( ! FI<T]S ON ! FRONT40 

,:AT L$ ,DURRUTI TO OPPOSE ! ,C,N,T8 ,ONE ?9KS ( A COMM5T ?AT ,FRANCISCO ,ASCASO MADE TO ,MANUEL ,BU5ACASA1 :5 ! LATT] WAS ,C,N,T ,SECRET>Y & TOLD HIM ?AT ! 0ORGANIZATION IS ALWAYS RI<T40 ,ASCASO RESPOND$3 0,NOT ALWAYS &1 ON ?IS OCCASION1 ,I'M ! ONE :O'S RI<T40 .<#f#f#g.> ,! FACT ?AT ,DURRUTI1 :O HAD ALWAYS SUBMITT$ TO ! ORGANIZATION'S DECISIONS1 WAS SAY+ NO TO ITS ,SECRET>Y CAN BE SE5 AS A 0REVOLT0 AGA9/ ! BUREAUCRATISM ( ! ,COMMITTEES1 :I* HAD BE5 WORK+ 9 ! ,C,N,T'S NAME & /&+ 9 = ITS MILITANTS4 ,ONE C\LD SAY ?AT ,DURRUTI'S REVOLT BEGAN ON ,JULY #b & AFFIRM$ ITSELF :5 HE MADE HIMSELF ! 0AXIS0 ( LIB]T>IAN ,>AGON4 .<#f#f#h.> 

,DURRUTI HAD LE>N$ 5DLESS ?+S DUR+ ! MON?S ( CIVIL W>1 BUT ! MA9 LESSON ?AT HE RECEIV$ WAS A FULL CONFIRMATION ( ! WORK+ CLASS'S CAPACITY TO GOV]N ITSELF & ! DAMAGE DONE BY ! COMMITTEES' BUREAUCRATIC LEAD]ISM4 

,PRIETO HURRI$ TO F9ALIZE ! DETAILS ( ! ,C,N,T'S ADMISSION 9TO ! GOV]NM5T ) ,L>GO ,CABALL]O AS SOON AS HE RETURN$ TO ,MADRID4 ,BUT ,DURRUTI'S ATTITUDE C\LD RU9 EV]Y?+1 IF ,G>CIA ,OLIV] W5T BACK ON HIS WORD & A ,C,N,T REGIONAL MEET+ 9 ,CATALONIA WAS CALL$1 AT :I* !RE W\LD BE A DEBATE AB\T ! S]I\S /EP ?AT ! ,NATIONAL ,COMMITTEE WAS TAK+ BEH9D CLOS$ DOORS4 

,ON ,NOVEMB] #d1 ! PRESS REPORT$ ?AT F\R NEW M9I/]S HAD JO9$ ,L>GO ,CABALL]O'S GOV]NM5T4 ,?IS SURPRIS$ ! IMM5SE MAJORITY ( ,C,N,T & ,F,A,I MILITANTS4 ,! :OLE 0UP/&+0 B\RGEOISIE WORLD WAS ALSO %OCK$ :5 IT F\ND \T ?AT ,G>CIA ,OLIV]--AN OLD \TLAW & 0LEG5D>Y B&IT0--RAN NO?+ LESS ?AN ! ,M9I/RY ( ,JU/ICE4 

,FROM 3 ,!,AN>*I/,LIBR>Y4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
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,JANU>Y #a#g1 #bbb 3 ,P>T #c1 ,*APT] #af -- ,UPDAT$4 

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