,P>T #c1 ,*APT] #g 
,! ,DURRUTI-,G>CIA ,OLIV] ,(F5SIVE 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,ABEL ,PAZ 

,TEXT 3 

,*,A,P,T,] ,V,I,I4 ,! ,DURRUTI-,G>CIA ,OLIV] (F5SIVE 

  

,ON ,JULY #b#c1 #a#i#c#f1 ,G>CIA ,OLIV] SPOKE TO ! WORK]S ( ,>AGON BY RADIO4 ,HE GAVE AN 9C5DI>Y SPEE*3 0,LEAVE Y\R HOMES4 ,?R[ Y\RSELVES ON ! 5EMY4 ,DON'T WAIT A M9UTE LONG]4 ,GET TO WORK RI<T N[4 ,C,N,T & ,F,A,I MILITANTS HAVE TO DI/+UI% !MSELVES 9 ?IS4 ,\R COMRADES MU/ BE ! VANGU>D FI<T]S4 ,IF WE HAVE TO DIE1 !N WE HAVE TO DIE4444 ,DURRUTI & ,I >E LEAV+ = ! FRONT ) EXP$ITION>Y COLUMNS4 ,WE WILL S5D A SQUAD ( PLANES TO BOMB ! B>RACKS4 ,ACTIVI/S ( ! ,C,N,T & ,F,A,I HAVE TO C>RY \T ! DUTY DEM&$ BY ! PRES5T H\R4 ,USE EV]Y RES\RCE4 ,DON'T WAIT UNTIL ,I /OP TALK+4 ,LEAVE Y\R HOME4 ,BURN1 DE/ROY1 DEFEAT FASCISM60 .<#e#c#h.> 

,! ANN\NCEM5T ?AT !Y W]E ORGANIZ+ WORK]S COLUMNS TO M>* ON ,>AGON >\S$ 5ORM\S EXCITEM5T 9 ,B>CELONA4 ,! WORK]S W5T TO !IR RESPECTIVE UNIONS TO 5LI/ AS VOLUNTE]S &1 ON SOCC] FIELDS & O!R PLOTS ( L&1 ,NEI<BORHOOD ,COMMITTEES />T$ 9/RUCT+ ! VOLUNTE]S 9 ! BASICS ( COMBAT AS WELL AS ! USE ( H& GR5ADES & RIFLES4 

,PEOPLE ( ALL AGES 5ROLL$1 FROM F\RTE5 TO SEV5TY1 9CLUD+ MANY ( ! MO/ ACTIVE & EXP]I5C$ WORK]S & LIB]T>IANS4 ,ORGANIZ]S SOON REALIZ$ ?AT IF ALL !SE MILITANTS W5T TO ! FRONT1 !N ! RE>GU>D W\LD BE LEFT 9 ! H&S ( NEWCOM]S1 :I* C\LD JEOP>DIZE ! RAPID SPREAD ( WORK]S' SELF-MANAGEM5T4 ,! VOLUNTE]'S 5?USIASM HAD TO BE RE/RA9$3 IT WAS IMPORTANT TO FI<T1 BUT VICTORI\SLY TRANS=M+ ! ECONOMY WAS EV5 MORE VITAL4 .<#e#c#i.> ,! TRIUMPH ( ! REVOLUTION W\LD ULTIMATELY DEP5D ON ! PEOPLE'S ABILITY TO SUCCESSFULLY CREATE !SE NEW ECONOMIC & SOCIAL RELATIONS4 

,?IS WAS A V]Y UNIQUE MOBILIZATION ( WORK]S4 ,IT WAS A COMPLETELY UNDECRE$1 GRASSROOTS PH5OM5ON4 ,! VOLUNTE]S DECID$ AMONG !MSELVES H[ TO ORGANIZE !MSELVES1 & ALL OPPOS$ ANY?+ ?AT SUGGE/$ A RESUSCITATION ( ! MILIT>I/ SPIRIT OR HI]>*IES ( COMM&4 ,! /RUCTURE & ORGANIZATION ( ! MILITIAS1 :I* LA/$ UNTIL ! G5]AL MILIT>IZATION 9 ,M>* #a#i#c#g1 EM]G$ FROM ! DISCUSSIONS AMONG ! FUTURE COMBATANTS4 ,IT WAS SIMPLE3 T5 M5 CON/ITUT$ A GR\P1 :I* NOM9AT$ A REPRES5TATIVE2 T5 GR\PS =M$ A C5TURIA1 :I* ELECT$ A REPRES5TATIVE ( ITS [N2 & FIVE C5TURIES W\LD =M AN AGRUPACION4 ,! LEAD] ( ! AGRUPACION & ! C5TURIA DELEGATES MADE UP ! AGRUPACION COMMITTEE4 .<#e#d.> 

,P]EZ ,F>RAS1 ! ,DURRUTI ,COLUMN'S FIR/ MILIT>Y ADVIS]1 OBJECT$ TO ?IS ORGANIZATIONAL /RUCTURE & CA/ D\BTS AB\T ITS FEASIBILITY 9 COMBAT4 ,DURRUTI QUICKLY REALIZ$ ?AT ,P]EZ ,F>RAS W\LD NOT MAKE A GOOD ADVIS] & REPLAC$ HIM ) >TILL]Y ,S]GEANT ,MANZANA1 :O HAD A BETT] GRASP ( ! AN>*I/S' ANTI-AU?ORIT>IAN PSY*OLOGY4 ,DURRUTI 5TRU/$ ,MANZANA & ,C>R5O 7A S*OOL TEA*]7 ) EQUIPP+ ! ,COLUMN ) >TILL]Y1 MUNITIONS1 AS WELL AS DOCTORS1 NURSES1 & AN EM]G5CY OP]AT+ ROOM4 ,MANZANA DIDN'T NE$ MANY EXPLANATIONS4 ,HE IMM$IATELY UND]/OOD :AT ,DURRUTI WANT$ FROM HIM & DID A WOND]FUL JOB C>RY+ \T HIS MISSION4 ,HE KNEW SEV]AL SOLDI]S :O HAD JO9$ ! COLUMN1 AS WELL AS SOME (FIC]S1 & PLANN$ TO HAVE ! MILIT>Y M5 9/RUCT ! O!RS4 ,ALL !SE PEOPLE 9TEGRAT$ !MSELVES 9TO ! ,COLUMN1 FRAT]NALLY & )\T CONFLICT4 

,ONE DAY ,P]EZ ,F>RAS /AT$ HIS CRITICISMS TO ,DURRUTI DIRECTLY3 0,Y\ CAN'T FI<T LIKE ?AT10 HE DECL>$4 ,9 REPLY1 ,DURRUTI SAID3  
  

,I'VE SAID IT ONCE & ,I'LL SAY IT AGA93 ,I'VE BE5 AN AN>*I/ MY :OLE LIFE & ! FACT ?AT ,I'M RESPONSIBLE = ?IS HUMAN COLLECTIVITY WON'T *ANGE MY CONVICTIONS4 ,IT WAS AS AN AN>*I/ ?AT ,I AGRE$ TO C>RY \T ! TASK ?AT ! ,C5TRAL ,COMMITTEE ( ,ANTI-,FASCI/ ,MILITIAS 5TRU/$ TO ME4 

,I DON'T BELIEVE--& EV]Y?+ HAPP5+ >\ND US CONFIRMS ?IS-- ?AT Y\ CAN RUN A WORK]S' MILITIA ACCORD+ TO CLASSICAL MILIT>Y RULES4 ,I BELIEVE ?AT DISCIPL9E1 COORD9ATION1 & PLANN+ >E 9DISP5SABLE1 BUT WE %\LDN'T DEF9E !M 9 ! T]MS ( ! WORLD ?AT WE'RE DE/ROY+4 ,WE HAVE TO BUILD ON NEW F\NDATIONS4 ,MY COMRADES & ,I >E CONV9C$ ?AT SOLID>ITY IS ! BE/ 9C5TIVE = >\S+ 9DIVIDUAL RESPONSIBILITY & A WILL+NESS TO ACCEPT DISCIPL9E AS AN ACT ( SELF-DISCIPL9E4 

,W> HAS BE5 IMPOS$ UPON US & ?IS BATTLE WILL BE DIFF]5T ?AN ?OSE WE'VE F\<T 9 ,B>CELONA1 BUT \R GOAL IS REVOLUTION>Y VICTORY4 ,?IS MEANS DEFEAT+ ! 5EMY1 BUT ALSO A RADICAL *ANGE 9 M54 ,= ?AT *ANGE TO OCCUR1 MAN MU/ LE>N TO LIVE & CONDUCT HIMSELF AS A FREE MAN1 AN APPR5TICE%IP ?AT DEVELOPS HIS P]SONALITY & S5SE ( RESPONSIBILITY1 HIS CAPACITY TO BE MA/] ( HIS [N ACTS4 ,! WORK] ON ! JOB NOT ONLY TRANS=MS ! MAT]IAL ON :I* HE WORKS1 BUT ALSO TRANS=MS HIMSELF ?R\< ?AT WORK4 ,! COMBATANT IS NO?+ MORE ?AN A WORK] :OSE TOOL IS A RIFLE--& HE %\LD /RIVE T[>D ! SAME OBJECTIVE AS ! WORK]4 ,ONE CAN'T BEHAVE LIKE AN OB$I5T SOLDI]1 BUT AS A CONSCI\S MAN :O UND]/&S ! IMPORTANCE ( :AT HE'S DO+4 ,I KN[ ?AT IT'S NOT EASY TO A*IEVE ?IS1 BUT ,I ALSO KN[ ?AT :AT CAN'T BE ACCOMPLI%$ ) REASON WILL NOT BE OBTA9$ BY =CE4 ,IF WE HAVE TO SU/A9 \R MILIT>Y APP>ATUS ) FE>1 !N WE WON'T HAVE *ANG$ ANY?+ EXCEPT ! COLOR ( ! FE>4 ,IT'S ONLY BY FREE+ ITSELF FROM FE> ?AT SOCIETY CAN BUILD ITSELF 9 FRE$OM4.<#e#d#a.>  
  

,DURRUTI HAD EXPRESS$ HIMSELF ) EXTREME CL>ITY4 ,HIS GOAL WAS TO UNITE !ORY & PRACTICE4 ,AS AN AN>*I/1 HE 9T5D$ TO REMA9 FAI?FUL TO LIB]T>IAN IDEALS :ILE LEAD+ A WORK]S' COLUMN ?AT W\LD SOON FI<T IMPORTANT 9 ,>AGON1 ON ! FRONTL9ES AS WELL AS AMONG ! PEASANTS 9 ! RE>GU>D4 .<#e#d#b.> 

,! HEADQU>T]S ( ! REBEL'S ,FIF? ,MILIT>Y ,DIVISION WAS 9 ,Z>AGOZA UND] ! COMM& ( ,G5]AL ,CABANELLAS4 ,! =CES ?AT HE L$ !RE 9CLUD$3  
  

,TWO 9FANTRY BRIGADES3 ! ,N9? 7HEADQU>T]S1 ,Z>AGOZA7 & ! ,T5? 7HEADQU>T]S1 ,HUESCA74 ,!RE WAS ALSO ! ,FIF? ,>TILL]Y ,BRIGADE 7,Z>AGOZA71 ) SIX ,REGIM5TS 7F\R ,9FANTRY1 TWO ,>TILL]Y71 A BATTALION ( ,5G9E]S1 & ! CORRESPOND+ ,S]VICES4 

,AS = NON-DIVISIONAL UNITS1 !RE WAS AN ,>MOR$ ,C> ,REGIM5T1 A ,CAVALRY ,REGIM5T1 A ,HORSE ,C>E DETAIL1 AN ANTI-AIRCRAFT GR\P1 AN ,>MY ,CORPS ,/ATION1 A ,PONTOON ,BATTALION1 & A ,HEAL? ,HEADQU>T]S4444 

,! MA9 COMM&]S W]E ,G5]ALS ,MIGUEL ,CABANELLAS 7,FIF? ,DIVISION71 ,ALV>EZ ,>5AS 7,N9? ,BRIGADE71 ,DE ,B5ITO 7,T5? ,BRIGADE71 & ,$U>DO ,M>T9 ,GONZALEZ 7,FIF? ,>TILL]Y ,BRIGADE74 

,ONE MU/N'T =GET ! ,PUBLIC ,ORD] =CES4 ,ALONG ) ,ASSAULT ,GU>DS FROM ,Z>AGOZA1 !RE W]E ALSO EI<TE5 ,CIVIL ,GU>D COMPANIES & FIVE ,C>AB9]O COMPANIES4 

,! ,>MY CONT+5TS W]E FEW 9 NUMB]1 BUT !IR PASSIONATE SUPPORT = ,G5]AL ,MOLA'S PLANS1 FROM ! HI<E/ *IEFS TO ! MO/ SUBORD9ATE1 COMP5SAT$ = !IR NUM]ICAL %ORTCOM+S4.<#e#d#c.>  
  

,WRIT+ AB\T ! FASCI/ OCCUPATION ( ,Z>AGOZA1 ,JOSE ,*UECA ASK$3  
  

,C\LD WE HAVE DONE MORE ?AN WE DID8 ,POSSIBLY4 ,WE HAD TOO MU* FAI? 9 ! PROMISES MADE BY ! ,CIVIL ,GOV]NOR .<,V]A ,CORONEL.> & W]E TOO CONFID5T 9 \R [N /R5G?4 ,WE ?\<T ?AT ! ?IRTY ?\S& WORK]S ORGANIZ$ 9 ,Z>AGOZA'S UNIONS W\LD BE 5\< TO DEFEAT ! VIOL5T ASSAULT UNLEA%$ BY ! FASCI/S4.<#e#d#d.>  
  

,PRO-,FRANCO HI/ORIAN ,M>T9EZ ,B&E WRITES3  
  

,DET]M9$ MASSES ( EXTREMI/S TOOK OV] ! MA9 ?OR\<F>ES ON ,JULY #ag AS SOON AS !Y F\ND \T :AT HAD HAPP5$ 9 ,MOROCCO4 ,ALL ( ,JULY #ah TRANSPIR$ 9 A MOOD ( T5SE EXPECTATION1 AS NUM]\S GR\PS ( VOLUNTE]S CAME TO ! B>RACKS4 ,! /ATE ( EM]G5CY WAS PROCLAIM$ 9 ! E>LY MORN+ ( ! NEXT DAY4 ,! ,C,N,T RESPOND$ BY DECL>+ A G5]AL REVOLUTION>Y /RIKE4 ,MILIT>Y AU?ORITIES CRU%$ ! /RIKE 5]GETICALLY ON ,JULY #b#b1 AFT] SEV]AL CLA%ES4 

,9 ,CALATAYUD1 ,COLONEL ,MUNOZ ,CA/ELLANOS DECL>$ ! /ATE ( EM]G5CY ON ,JULY #b1 BUT ,>MY DETA*M5TS1 ,PUBLIC ,ORD] =CES1 & VOLUNTE] COMPATRIOTS HAD TO RESCUE SOME T[NS4 .<,?IS 9CLUD$ SIX T[NS NOR? ( ! ,EBRO ,RIV]1 F\R ALONG IT1 & T5 S\? ( IT1 ,BEL*ITE AMONG !M.>4.<#e#d#e.>  
  

,HUESCA & ,T]UEL ALSO FELL TO ! REBELS1 BUT ,B>BA/RO WAS 9 ! H&S ( SOLDI]S COMM&$ BY ,REPUBLICAN ,COLONEL ,VILLALBA4 ,?AT WAS ! SITUATION 9 ,>AGON :5 ,DURRUTI SET (F ) SOME TWO ?\S& MILITIAM5 TO TAKE ,Z>AGOZA4 

,! ,DURRUTI ,COLUMN WAS S*$UL$ TO DEP>T AT #a3 AM ON ,JULY #bd FROM ! ,PASEO DE ,GRACIA4 ,AT #h3 AM1 ,DURRUTI SPOKE TO ,B>CELONA'S WORK]S BY RADIO1 ASK+ !M TO CONTRIBUTE FOOD ITEMS TO ! ,COLUMN4 ,?IS UNUSUAL REQUE/ SURPRIS$ EV]YONE4 ,FOOD DI/RIBUTION WAS ! RESPONSIBILITY ( ! ,NEI<BORHOOD ,COMMITTEES1 ! ,FOOD ,WORK]S' ,UNION1 & ! ,C,C,A,M,C4 ,HAD !SE ORGANIZATIONS REFUS$ TO HELP ,DURRUTI BUILD A ,QU>T]MA/] ,CORPS8 ,DURRUTI SOON SATISFI$ ! CURIOSITY3  
  

,5?USIASM IS ! REVOLUTION'S MO/ P[]FUL WEAPON4 ,! REVOLUTION TRIUMPHS :5 EV]YONE IS COMMITT$ TO ITS VICTORY1 :5 EA* P]SON MAKES IT HIS [N P]SONAL CAUSE4 ,! PEOPLE'S RESPONSE TO MY CALL WILL %[ US ,B>CELONA'S D$ICATION TO ! /RUGGLE4 ,IT IS ALSO A WAY TO MAKE PEOPLE AW>E ?AT \R BATTLE IS COLLECTIVE & ?AT ITS SUCCESS DEP5DS ON EV]YONE'S EF=T4 ,?AT'S ! MEAN+ ( \R REQUE/4.<#e#d#f.>  
  

,DURRUTI MET ) A J\RNALI/ FROM ! ,TORONTO ,/> %ORTLY BE=E ! ,COLUMN LEFT ,B>CELONA4 ,! REPORT]1 ,VAN ,PAASS51 WROTE A FEATURE >TICLE TITL$ 0,TWO MILLION AN>*I/S FI<T = ! REVOLUTION40 ,IT BEG9S BY DESCRIB+ ,DURRUTI = ! READ]4  
  

,HE IS A TALL1 SW>?Y FELL[1 ) A CLEAN %AV5 FACE1 ,MOORI% FEATURES1 ! SON ( POOR PEASANTS1 :I* IS NOTABLE BY HIS CRACKL+1 ALMO/ GUTTURAL DIALECT4444 

0,NO1 WE HAVE NOT GOT !M ON ! RUN YET10 HE SAID FRANKLY AT ONCE1 :5 ,I ASK$ HIM H[ ! *ANCE /OOD = VICTORY OV] ! REBELS4 0,!Y HAVE ,Z>AGOZA & ,PAMPLONA4 ,?AT IS :]E ! >S5ALS >E & ! MUNITIONS FACTORIES4 ,WE MU/ TAKE ,Z>AGOZA1 & AFT] ?AT WE MU/ TURN S\? TO FACE ,FRANCO1 :O WILL BE COM+ UP FROM ,SEVILLA ) HIS ,=EIGN ,LEGIONNAIRES & ,MOROCCANS4 ,9 TWO1 ?REE WEEKS TIME WE WILL PROBABLY BE FI<T+ ! DECISIVE BATTLES4 0,TWO1 ?REE WEEKS80 ,I ASK$ CRE/FALL54 

0,YES1 A MON? P]HAPS1 ?IS CIVIL W> WILL LA/ AT LEA/ ALL ?R\< ! MON? ( ,AUGU/4 ,! MASSES >E 9 >MS4 ,! >MY DOES NOT C\NT ANY LONG]4 ,!RE >E TWO CAMPS3 CIVILIANS :O FI<T = FRE$OM & CIVILIANS :O >E REBELS & FASCI/S4 ,ALL ! WORK]S 9 ,SPA9 KN[ ?AT IF FASCISM TRIUMPHS1 IT WILL BE FAM9E & SLAV]Y4 ,BUT ! ,FASCI/S ALSO KN[ :AT IS 9 /ORE = !M :5 !Y >E BEAT54 ,?AT IS :Y ! /RUGGLE IS IMPLACABLE & REL5TLESS4 ,= US IT IS QUE/ION ( CRU%+ FASCISM1 WIP+ IT \T & SWEEP+ IT AWAY SO ?AT IT CAN NEV] RE> ITS HEAD AGA9 9 ,SPA94 ,WE >E DET]M9$ TO F9I% ) FASCISM ONCE & = ALL4 ,YES1 & 9 SPITE ( ! GOV]NM5T10 HE ADD$ GRIMLY4 

0,:Y DO Y\ SAY 9 SPITE ! GOV]NM5T8 ,IS NOT ?IS GOV]NM5T FI<T+ ! FASCI/ REBELLION80 ,I ASK$ ) SOME AMAZEM5T4 

0,NO GOV]NM5T 9 ! WORLD FI<TS FASCISM TO ! DEA?4 ,:5 ! B\RGEOISIE SEES P[] SLIPP+ FROM ITS GRASP1 IT HAS REC\RSE TO FASCISM TO MA9TA9 ITSELF4 ,! LIB]AL GOV]NM5T ( ,SPA9 C\LD HAVE R5D]$ ! ,FASCI/ ELEM5TS P[]LESS LONG AGO10 W5T ON ,DURRUTI4 0,9/EAD1 IT TEMPORIZ$ & COMPROMIS$ & DALLI$4 ,EV5 N[1 AT ?IS MOM5T1 !RE >E M5 9 ?IS GOV]NM5T :O WANT TO GO EASY ) ! REBELS4 ,Y\ NEV] CAN TELL Y\ KN[10 HE LAU<$1 0! PRES5T GOV]NM5T MI<T YET NE$ !SE REBELLI\S =CES TO CRU% ! WORK]S' MOVEM5T40 

0,SO Y\ >E LOOK+ = DIFFICULTIES EV5 AFT] ! PRES5T REBELLION %\LD BE CONQU]$80 ,I ASK$4 

0,A LITTLE RESI/ANCE1 YES10 ASS5T$ ,DURRUTI4 

0,ON :OSE P>T80 

0,! B\RGEOISIE1 ( C\RSE4 ,! B\RGEOIS CLASS WILL NOT LIKE IT :5 WE 9/ALL ! REVOLUTION10 SAID ,DURRUTI4 

0,SO Y\ >E GO+ AHEAD ) ! REVOLUTION8 ,L>GO ,CABALL]O & ,9DALECIO ,PRIETO 7TWO ,SOCIALI/ LEAD]S7 SAY ! ,POPUL> ,FRONT IS ONLY \T TO SAVE ! ,REPUBLIC & RE/ORE REPUBLICAN ORD]40 

0,?AT MAY BE ! VIEW ( ?OSE S5ORES4 ,WE SYNDICALI/S1 WE >E FI<T+ = ! REVOLUTION4 ,WE KN[ :AT WE WANT4 ,TO US IT MEANS NO?+ ?AT !RE IS A ,SOVIET ,UNION SOME:]E 9 ?IS WORLD1 = ! SAKE ( :OSE PEACE & TRANQUILITY ! WORK]S ( ,G]MANY & ,*9A W]E SACRIFIC$ TO FASCI/ B>B>ISM BY ,/AL94 ,WE WANT ! REVOLUTION H]E 9 ,SPA91 RI<T N[1 NOT MAYBE AFT] ! NEXT ,EUROPEAN W>4 ,WE >E GIV+ ,HITL] & ,MUSSOL9I F> MORE WORRY TODAY ) \R REVOLUTION ?AN ! :OLE ,R$ ,>MY ( ,RUSSIA4 ,WE >E SETT+ AN EXAMPLE TO ! ,G]MAN & ,ITALIAN WORK+ CLASS H[ TO DEAL ) FASCISM40 

,?AT WAS ! MAN SPEAK+1 :O REPRES5TS A SYNDICALI/ ORGANIZATION ( NE>LY TWO MILLION MEMB]S1 )\T :OSE COOP]ATION NO?+ CAN BE DONE BY ! ,REPUBLIC EV5 IF IT IS VICTORI\S OV] ! PRES5T MILIT>Y-FASCI/ REVOLT4 ,I HAD S\<T TO LE>N HIS VIEWS1 BECAUSE IT IS ESS5TIAL TO KN[ :AT IS GO+ ON 9 ! M9DS ( ! ,SPANI% WORK]S1 :O >E DO+ ! FI<T+4 ,DURRUTI %[$ ?AT ! SITUATION MI<T TAKE A DIRECTION = :I* FEW >E PREP>$4 ,?AT ,MOSC[ HAS NO 9FLU5CE TO SPEAK ( ON ! ,SPANI% PROLET>IAT IS A WELL-KN[N FACT4 ,! MO/ RESPECTABLY CONS]VATIVE /ATE 9 ,EUROPE IS NOT LIKELY TO APPEAL MU* TO ! LIB]T>IAN S5TIM5T 9 ,SPA94 

0,DO Y\ EXPECT ANY HELP FROM ,FRANCE OR ,5GL& N[ ?AT ,HITL] & ,MUSSOL9I HAVE BEGUN TO ASSI/ ! REBELS80 ,I ASK$4 

0,I DO NOT EXPECT ANY HELP = A LIB]T>IAN REVOLUTION FROM ANY GOV]NM5T 9 ! WORLD10 HE SAID GRIMLY4 0,MAYBE ! CONFLICT+ 9T]E/S ( ! DIFF]5T IMP]IALISMS MI<T HAVE SOME 9FLU5CE ON \R /RUGGLE4 ,?AT IS QUITE WELL POSSIBLE4 ,FRANCO IS DO+ HIS BE/ TO DRAG ,EUROPE 9TO ! QU>REL4 ,HE WILL NOT HESITATE TO PIT* ,G]MANY AGA9/ US4 ,BUT WE EXPECT NO HELP1 NOT EV5 FROM \R [N GOV]NM5T 9 ! F9AL ANALYSIS10 HE SAID4 

0,CAN Y\ W9 ALONE80 ,I ASK$ ! BURN+ QUE/ION PO9T-BLANK4 

,DURRUTI DID NOT ANSW]4 ,HE /ROK$ HIS *94 ,HE EYES GL[$4 

0,Y\ WILL BE SITT+ ON TOP ( A PILE ( RU9S EV5 IF Y\ >E VICTORI\S10 

,I V5TUR$ TO BREAK HIS REV]IE4 

0,WE HAVE ALWAYS LIV$ 9 SLUMS & HOLES 9 ! WALL10 HE SAID QUIETLY4 0,WE WILL HAVE TO ACCOMMODATE \RSELVES = A TIME4 ,=1 Y\ MU/ NOT =GET1 ?AT WE CAN ALSO BUILD4 ,IT IS WE :O BUILT !SE PALACES & CITIES1 H]E 9 ,SPA9 & 9 ,AM]ICA & EV]Y:]E4 ,WE1 ! WORK]S4 ,WE CAN BUILD O!RS TO TAKE !IR PLACE4 ,& BETT] ONES4 ,WE >E NOT 9 ! LEA/ AFRAID ( RU9S4 ,WE >E GO+ TO 9H]IT ! E>?4 ,!RE IS NOT ! SLI<TE/ D\BT AB\T ?AT4 ,! B\RGEOISIE MI<T BLA/ & RU9 ITS [N WORLD BE=E IT LEAVES ! /AGE ( HI/ORY4 ,WE C>RY A NEW WORLD H]E1 9 \R HE>TS10 HE SAID 9 A HO>SE :ISP]4 ,& HE ADD$3 0,?AT WORLD IS GR[+ 9 ?IS M9UTE40.<#e#d#g.>  
  

,! VOLUNTE]S JO9+ ! ,DURRUTI ,COLUMN BEGAN TO FLOCK TO ! ,PASEO DE ,GRACIA >\ND T5 9 ! MORN+4 ,A L>GE CR[D HAD ALSO COME TO WITNESS ! DEP>TURE ( ! /RANGE C>AVAN1 MADE UP ( TRUCKS1 BUSSES1 TAXIS1 & PRIVATE C>S4 ,!RE WAS IMM5SE 5?USIASM1 :I* SEEM$ TO BE JU/IFI$ BY ! RAPID DEFEAT ( ! REBELS 9 ,B>CELONA4 ,MANY ?\<T ! EXP$ITION TO ,>AGON W\LD BE A QUICK TRIP4 

,! COLUMN ( SOME TWO ?\S& M5 SET (F >\ND MIDDAY TO DELIRI\S *E]S1 RAIS$ FI/S1 & REFRA9S FROM REVOLUTION>Y SONGS4 ,! ,C,N,T- ,F,A,I'S HYMN ,A ,LAS ,B>RICADAS6 RANG \T MO/ /RONGLY4 

,!RE W]E A DOZ5 Y\? AT ! HEAD ON A TRUCK4 ,! ,H]CULEAN ,JOSE ,HELL9 /OOD \T AMONG !M1 WAV+ A BLACK & R$ FLAG4 ,HE WILL DIE DEF5D+ ,MADRID ON ,NOVEMB] #ag :ILE BL[+ UP ,ITALIAN >MOR$ P]SONNEL C>RI]S4 ,! C5TURIA L$ BY ! METALWORK] ,>IS FOLL[$ BEH9D4 ,FIVE C5TURIAS CAME NEXT3 !RE W]E ! M9]S ( ,FIGOLS & ,SALL5T1 :O W\LD SOON DI/+UI% !MSELVES AS AN ELITE =CE ( DYNAMIT]S1 & ALSO SAILORS FROM ! ,M>ITIME ,TRANSPORT ,WORK]S' ,UNION L$ BY ,SETONAS1 :O WILL PROVE TO BE \T/&+ GU]RILLAS4 0,EL ,PADRE10 AN OLD MILITANT :O F\<T ) ,PAN*O ,VILLA'S DUR+ ! ,MEXICAN ,REVOLUTION1 L$ ! ,?IRD ,C5TURIA4 ,TEXTILE WORK] ,JUAN ,CO/A WAS RESPONSIBLE = ! ,F\R? ,C5TURIA & ! N9ETE5 YE> OLD LIB]T>IAN ,MUNOZ REPRES5T$ ! ,FIF? ,C5TURIA1 =M$ EXCLUSIVELY BY METALWORK]S4 

,BETWE5 TWO BUSSES1 !RE WAS A 0HISPANO0 AUTOMOBILE C>RY+ ,DURRUTI & ,P]EZ ,F>RAS4 ,DURRUTI RODE SIL5TLY1 DETA*$ FROM ! *E]S & RAIS$ FI/S4 ,HE FELT ! IMM5SE WEI<T ( HIS RESPONSIBILITIES4 ,SEV5TY P]C5T ( ! M5 9 HIS ,COLUMN W]E ! CREME DE LA CREME ( ,B>CELONA'S AN>*I/ Y\?4 ,ALL ! VOLUNTE]S HAD LIV$ ?R\< /REET CONFLICTS & CONFRONTATIONS ) ! POLICE1 BO? BE=E & DUR+ ,JULY #a#i1 BUT !Y DIDN'T HAVE EXP]I5CE FI<T+ 9 OP5 T]RA91 ?AT IS1 ) W>4 

,BE=E !Y LEFT ,B>CELONA1 ,DURRUTI ADDRESS$ ! ,COLUMN 9 ! ,BAKUN9 ,B>RACKS4 ,HE W>N$ !M AB\T ! DIFF]5CE BETWE5 ! BATTLES ?AT !Y HAD KN[N & :AT !Y W]E AB\T TO CONFRONT1 AL?\< HE KNEW ?AT WORDS >E NO SUB/ITUTE = EXP]I5CE4 ,HE SPOKE ( A]IAL BOMB>DM5TS1 ! CANNON FIRE ?AT PREC$ES ! ATTACKS1 & H&-TO-H& COMBAT ) KNIVES4 ,ABOVE ALL1 HE 9SI/$ ON ! CONTRA/ BETWE5 A B\RGEOIS >MY & A PROLET>IAT 9 >MS1 P>TICUL>LY 9 ITS RELATIONS ) ! POPULATIONS ( ! RE>GU>D4 

,!RE WAS /ILL ! ISSUE ( LEAD]%IP4 ,HE HAD /AT$ HIS POSITION CLE>LY TO ! ,C,C,A,M,C & REPEAT$ IT LAT] TO ,P]EZ ,F>RAS4 ,DURRUTI KNEW H[ MU* HIS COMRADES TRU/$ HIM & ?AT !Y W\LD FOLL[ HIM :]EV] HE L$1 EV5 TO DEA?4 ,BUT ,DURRUTI S\<T LIFE1 NOT DEA?4 ,A SOLDI] CAN S5D PEOPLE TO !IR RU9 )\T WORRY+2 Y\ SIMPLY REPLACE ! LOSSES & MOVE ON4 ,BUT ,DURRUTI KNEW ?AT MO/ ( ! M5 FOLL[+ HIM W]E REVOLUTION>Y MILITANTS1 & SU* M5 >E IRREPLACEABLE4 ,HE ?\<T ( SOME?+ ,NE/OR ,MAKHNO ONCE SAID 9 HIS PRES5CE3  
  

,! DIFF]5CE BETWE5 A SOLDI] :O COMM&S & A REVOLUTION>Y :O LEADS LAY 9 ! FACT ?AT ! =M] ASS]TS HIMSELF BY =CE :ILE ! LAT] HAS NO AU?ORITY O!R ?AN ?AT D]IV+ FROM HIS CONDUCT4.<#e#d#h.>  
  

,VIC5TE ,GU>N] COMM5T$ ON ! TWO M5 AT ! HEAD ( ! ,COLUMN3  
  

,DURRUTI1 ! LEAD]1 ) :OM ,I HAD P]SONALLY 9T]ACT$1 WAS AN IMPRESSIVE FIGURE4 ,HE WAS DET]M9$1 >\ND =TY YE>S OLD1 & HAD A P5ETRAT+1 ALMO/ *ILDLIKE />E4 ,HE WAS TALL] ?AN AV]AGE4 ,HE HAD BE5 A RAIL WORK]4444 ,P]EZ ,F>RAS WAS FROM ,L]IDA4 ,HE WAS IMPULSIVELY C\RAGE\S & VEHEM5T 9 HIS VIEWS4 ,HE WAS ALSO TALL1 CLE>HEAD$1 & HAD A NATURAL TAL5T ?AT WAS SOMETIMES OBSCUR$ BY OB/9ACY4.<#e#d#i.>  
  

,G>CIA ,OLIV] WAS NOT WA/+ TIME 9 ! ,DEP>TM5T ( ,W> :ILE ! ,DURRUTI ,COLUMN ADVANC$ T[>D ,Z>AGOZA4 ,ON ,JULY #b#c1 HE RECEIV$ ,JULIO ,ALV>EZ DEL ,VAYO1 :O WAS ON HIS WAY TO ,MADRID FROM ,FRANCE4 ,ALV>EZ DEL ,VAYO WAS V]Y 9FLU5TIAL AMONG ! ,SOCIALI/S1 P>TICUL>LY ,L>GO ,CABALL]O1 & !Y1 9 TURN1 W]E V]Y IMPORTANT 9 ! ,GIRAL GOV]NM5T4 ,CONSID]+ ?IS1 ,G>CIA ,OLIV] ASK$ HIM TO CONVEY TO ! ,MADRID LEAD]S ?AT ! W> HAD TO BE WON 9 ,MOROCCO1 NOT ON ! ,P59SULA4 ,IT WAS ESS5TIAL1 HE 9SI/$1 ?AT ! ,REPUBLICAN GOV]NM5T PUBLICLY CONC$E 9DEP5D5CE TO ! ,SPANI% ,PROTECTORATE 9 ,MOROCCO4 ,IF IT DID SO1 ,G5]AL ,FRANCO W\LD BE DEFEAT$ 9 HIS [N RE>GU>D & !Y C\LD SECURE CONTROL ( ! ,P59SULA 9 A MATT] ( DAYS4 ,ALV>EZ DEL ,VAYO PROMIS$ TO RELAY HIS MESSAGE1 BUT 0UN=TUNATELY !RE WAS NO UND]/&+ 9 ,MADRID & !Y PAID NO ATT5TION TO ,G>CIA ,OLIV]'S VIEWS40 .<#e#e.> 

,G>CIA ,OLIV] HAD LITTLE FAI? 9 :AT ,ALV>EZ DEL ,VAYO MI<T ACCOMPLI% 9 ,SPA9'S CAPITAL & BEGAN ! TASK ( 9CIT+ ! REBELLION 9 ,MOROCCO ON HIS [N3  
  

,DAYS BE=E \R REVOLUTION1 ,JOSE ,M>GELI1 A COMRADE FROM ! ,GRAPHIC ,>TS ,UNION :O WAS CLOSELY L9K$ TO \R WORK1 9TRODUC$ ME TO SOMEONE NAM$ ,>GILA1.<#e#e#a.> AN ,EGYPTIAN LANGUAGE PR(ESSOR AT ! ,B]LITZ ,ACADEMY4 ,M>GELI LAT] TOLD ME ?AT ,>GILA1 & HIS FA!R BE=E HIM1 WAS PROM95T 9 ! ,>AB WORLD & WELL CONNECT$ TO ! ,PAN-,ISLAMIC ,COMMITTEE 9 ,G5EVA4.<#e#e#b.> ,:5 ! REBELLION BROKE \T & WE SAW ! 9COMPET5CE ( ! ,REPUBLICAN GOV]NM5TS1 :I* W]E CONT9UALLY RESIGN+1 ,I CALL$ ,M>GELI & ,>GILA TO ! ,C,C,A,M,C4444 ,I ASK$ ,>GILA AB\T HIS L9KS ) ! PAN-,ISLAMI/S 9 ,G5EVA4 ,HE TOLD ME ?AT HE WAS !IR (FICIAL REPRES5TATIVE 9 ,SPA9 &1 ACCORD+LY1 IT WAS AT MY DISPOSAL4 ,CONSID]+ ! TREM5D\S POT5TIAL B5EFITS ( CONTACT ) CONSPIRATORIAL LEAD]S 9 ! ,>AB WORLD1 ,I ASK$ ,>GILA & ,M>GELI IF !Y W\LD LEAD A MISSION FOCUS$ ON BUILD+ AN ALLIANCE BETWE5 \RSELVES & ! ,>AB ACTIVI/S4 ,!Y AGRE$ & ,I SET A MEET+ = ! FOLL[+ DAY4 ,) ,>GILA & ,M>GELI'S CONS5T1 ,I PRES5T$ ! ISSUE TO ,M>IANET1 ,SECRET>Y ( ,C,N,T ,REGIONAL ,COMMITTEE 9 ,CATALONIA4 ,HE SAID ?AT ,I %\LD CONT9UE =W>D4 ,I ALSO REPORT$ ON ! MATT] AT \R NI<TLY ,C,C,A,M,C MEET+4 ,EV]YONE SUPPORT$ ! EF=T & GRANT$ ME ! BROADE/ POSSIBLE FACILITIES4 

,M>GELI & ,>GILA RETURN$ ! NEXT DAY4 ,I PUT !M 9 CONTACT ) COMRADE ,MAGR9A1 :O WAS REPRES5T+ ME 9 ! ,C,C,A,M,C'S ,DEP>TM5T ( ,PROPAG&A4 ,I TOLD !M :AT WE EXPECT$ !M TO ACCOMPLI% 9 ,G5EVA &1 AFT] BE+ GIV5 ACCR$IT+ LETT]S1 PASSPORTS1 & MONEY1 !Y LEFT4.<#e#e#c.>  
  

,MAGR9A WRITES3  
  

,WE FLEW DIRECTLY TO ,P>IS1 :]E WE OBTA9$ AN ADDRESS 9 ,G5EVA1 & !N FLEW TO ,SWITZ]L&4 ,9 ,G5EVA1 WE SETTL$ 9 ! ,HOTEL ,RUSSIA4 ,AFT] MAK+ CONTACT1 WE W5T TO SEE AN ELD]LY G5TLEMAN 9 HIS LUXURI\S HOME4 ,HE 9VIT$ US TO EAT !RE1 9 ! /YLE & CU/OM ( HIS C\NTRY4 ,!RE WAS CONSID]ABLE =MALITY & M>K$ ELEGANCE4 

,MY COMPANION EXPLA9$ ! OBJECT ( \R VISIT DUR+ ! MEAL4 ,! ELD]LY MAN PROMIS$ TO CONVEY \R PROPOSALS TO ! NATIONALI/ ,MOROCCAN LEAD]S4 ,IT WAS A QUE/ION1 CONCRETELY1 ( SOLICIT+ ! HELP ( ,ABDELJALK ,TORRES & HIS ORGANIZATION = ! ,REPUBLICAN CAUSE 9 ,MOROCCO 9 EX*ANGE = CONC$+ !M 9DEP5D5CE OR AUTONOMY1 H[EV] !Y UND]/OOD IT4.<#e#e#d.>  
  

,!SE CONV]SATIONS FOLL[$ !IR C\RSE4 ,WE N[ RETURN TO ! ,DURRUTI ,COLUMN4 

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