,P>T #d1 ,*APT] #d 
,DURRUTI'S SECOND ,DEA?1 OR HIS ,POLITICAL ,ASSASS9ATION 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,ABEL ,PAZ 

,TEXT 3 

,*,A,P,T,] ,I,V4 ,DURRUTI'S SECOND DEA?1 OR HIS POLITICAL ASSASS9ATION 

  

,!RE IS NO LEGITIMATE HYPO!SIS AB\T ,DURRUTI'S DEA? ?AT C\LD DIM9I% HIM OR ! ORGANIZATION TO :I* HE GAVE ! BE/ YE>S ( HIS LIFE4 ,! CONTROV]SY OV] HIS DEA? IS NOT A CONSEQU5CE ( HIS DEA? P] SE1 BUT RA!R ! NATURE ( ! /RUGGLE 9 :I* ! ,SPANI% WORK+ PEOPLE W]E 5GAG$ AT ! TIME & ,DURRUTI'S REVOLUTION>Y ROLE )9 IT3 SPECIFICALLY1 ! BATTLE BETWE5 ! REVOLUTION>Y & C\NT]REVOLUTION>Y =CES ?AT BEGAN 9 LATE ,SEPTEMB] ( #a#i#c#f4 

,9 ! CONTEXT ( A REVOLUTION 9 RETREAT1 ,DURRUTI EVOK$ ! POSSIBILITY ( A RETURN TO & R5EWAL ( ! J\RNEY 9ITIAT$ ON ,JULY #a#i1 #a#i#c#f4 ,HE WAS A BEACON ( HOPE :OSE PRES5CE SUGGE/$ ?AT NOT EV]Y?+ WAS LO/ & ?AT PEASANTS & WORK]S1 IF !Y CONT9U$ TO FI<T1 C\LD TRULY RE-CONQU] ,SPA94 ,HIS DEA? WAS A T]RIBLE BL[ TO ! REVOLUTION>IES4 ,9DE$1 !RE W]E ALREADY OM9\S SIGNS ON ! HORIZON BY AUTUMN ( ?AT YE>4 ,! MORAL DIS>MAM5T ( ! MILITIAS BEGAN ) ! MILIT>IZATION DECREE 9 ,OCTOB]4 ,ALSO1 ! W> WAS BEG9N+ TO LOSE ITS SOCIAL CONT5T & BECOME A NATIONALI/ W>4 ,! C\NT]REVOLUTION>IES1 L$ BY ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY1 HAD /EPP$ ONTO ! /AGE4 ,= ,DURRUTI TO DIE 9 ?OSE CIRCUM/ANCES W\LD NECESS>ILY OP5 ! DOOR TO EV]Y POSSIBLE CONSPIRACY4 

,DURRUTI'S POLITICAL & MORAL ASSASS9ATION BEGAN IMM$IATELY AFT] HIS PHYSICAL DEA?4 ,WE NOT$ PREVI\SLY ?AT ,DURRUTI1 A LEAD] DESPITE HIMSELF1 EMBODI$ ! PEOPLE'S REVOLUTION>Y DESIRES4 ,! C\NT]REVOLUTION>Y (F5SIVE 9ITIAT$ AFT] HIS DEMISE MADE IT SEEM AS ?\< ,DURRUTI HAD BE5 KILL$ BECAUSE HE WAS AN OB/ACLE TO ?AT (F5SIVE4 ,AT LEA/ ?AT IS H[ ! POPUL> S\L EXP]I5C$ IT4 ,:ATEV] ! CIRCUM/ANCES ( HIS DEA?1 IT WAS A SIGNIFICANT VICTORY = ! C\NT]REVOLUTION4 

,! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY & ! ,P,S,U,C'S ACTIONS LEFT NO D\BT ?AT HIS ABS5CE B5EFIT$ !M4 ,! ,C,P1 :I* WON ! /RUGGLE = P[] AMONG ANTI-FASCI/S1 CAN BE CONSID]$ HIS MORAL ASSASS94 ,& ! ORD9>Y MAN1 :O SIMPLY WANTS TO 5D ! SUFF]+ IMPOS$ BY CAPITALISM ONCE & = ALL1 DOES NOT DI/+UI% BETWE5 ! MORAL & ! PHYSICAL4 ,! ,COMMUNI/S1 MANIPULAT$ BY ,MOSC[1 TRI$ TO APPROPRIATE ,DURRUTI'S MEMORY :ILE SIMULTANE\SLY DISC\NT+ HIS LIB]T>IAN IDEAS &1 EV5 WORSE1 9S9UAT+ ?AT HIS KILL]S W]E AMONG ! AN>*I/S 9 ! ,COLUMN4 ,FRAM+ ! DEBATE 9 ?IS WAY 5SUR$ ?AT ,DURRUTI'S DEA? W\LD NEV] BE CL>IFI$4 ,BUT1 = REVOLUTION>IES1 ,DURRUTI'S DEA? IS NO MY/]Y3 HE DI$ AS AN AN>*I/ FI<T+ = ! SOCIAL REVOLUTION & AS A VICTIM ( ! C\NT]REVOLUTION1 LIKE ,NE/OR ,MAKHNO WAS ( ! ,BOL%EVIKS OR ,GU/AV ,L&AU] WAS ( ,NOSKE 9 ,G]MANY4 

,JUAN ,NEGR91 ,SPANI% ,PRIME ,M9I/] & ,M9I/] ( ,NATIONAL ,DEF5SE1 CONSUMMAT$ ,DURRUTI'S POLITICAL ASSASS9ATION ON ,APRIL #be #ai* :5 HE PO/HUM\SLY MADE HIM A ,LIEUT5ANT ,COLONEL 9 ! ,POPUL> ,REPUBLICAN ,>MY3  
  

,9 AGREEM5T ) ! ,CAB9ET & 9 LI<T ( ! BRILLIANT MILIT>Y S]VICES ?AT CITIZ5 ,BU5AV5TURA ,DURRUTI Y ,DOM+UEZ R5D]$ TO ! ,REPUBLIC1 :O DI$ GLORI\SLY AT ! HEAD ( HIS ,COLUMN ON ,NOVEMB] #b1 #aicf 9 ,MADRID1 ,I HAVE DECID$ TO NAME HIM ,MAJOR ( ,MILITIAS1 EFFECTIVE ,JULY #a#i1 #a#i#c#f4 ,LIKEWISE1 TAK+ 9TO ACC\NT HIS DI/+UI%$ CONDUCT 9 W> OP]ATIONS1 ,I HAVE ! PLEASURE ( GRANT+ HIM ! RANK ( ,LIEUT5ANT ,COLONEL1 EFFECTIVE ON ! DAY ( HIS DEA?1 ,NOVEMB] #b1 #a#i#c#f4 ,B>CELONA1 ,APRIL #b#e1 #a#i#c#h4 ,SIGN$3 ,JUAN ,NEGR91 ,PRIME ,M9I/] & ,M9I/] ( ,NATIONAL ,DEF5SE4.<#g#g#i.>  
  

,! READ] HAS SE5 ,DURRUTI'S RESI/ANCE TO MILIT>IZATION ?R\<\T ! PAGES ( ?IS BOOK4 ,9 ,OCTOB]1 HE R5\NC$ ! RANK ( ,MAJOR ( ,MILITIAS ?AT ,FRANCISCO ,L>GO ,CABALL]O HAD CONC$$ TO HIM & WAS SIMPLY ! 0G5]AL LEAD] ( ! ,DURRUTI ,COLUMN0 :5 HE DI$4 ,NAM+ HIM ,LIEUT5ANT ,COLONEL = S]VICES 0R5D]$ TO ! ,REPUBLIC0 WAS ! GREATE/ AFFRONT TO HIS & ! MILITIAS' REVOLUTION>Y LEGACY4 

,AS WE SAID1 HIS POLITICAL ASSASS9ATION BEGAN IMM$IATELY AFT] HIS DEA?4 0,DURRUTI1 ! H]O10 0,DURRUTI1 ! LEAD] ( ! PEOPLE0444 ,!SE SLOGANS W]E A WAY TO EMPTY ,DURRUTI ( HIS AN>*I/ CONT5T4 ,IT WAS A WAY TO OBSCURE HIS /RUGGLE & MANIPULATE HIS MEMORY 9 ORD] TO CONCEAL ! ADVANCES ( ! C\NT]REVOLUTION4 

,PRIOR TO ,APRIL #a#i#c#h1 MILIT>Y REGULATIONS 9DICAT$ ?AT LEAD]S ( ! ,MILITIA ,COLUMNS C\LD NOT ASPIRE TO ANY RANK HI<] ?AN ,MAJOR ( ,MILITIAS1 AL?\< ?IS DID NOT PREV5T !M FROM COMM&+ >MY DIVISIONS & EV5 CORPS4 ,BUT ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY WANT$ ABSOLUTE CONTROL ( ! >MY & WAS SE$+ IT ) ITS MILITANTS4 ,H[ C\LD ! ,COMMUNI/S OV]COME EXI/+ MILIT>Y REGULATIONS )\T />T+ A W> ) ! O!R SECTORS ( ! 0ANTI-FASCI/ BLOCK08 ,DURRUTI HAD BE5 AN 0EXEMPL>Y LEAD]0 & SO PRESUMABLY NO ONE W\LD BE TR\BL$ IF HE RECEIV$ AN AW>D = HIS 0EXEMPL>ITY40 ,H[EV]1 BY MAK+ HIM ,LIEUT5ANT ,COLONEL1 !Y NOT ONLY PAID 0HOMAGE0 TO ! MILITIAS BUT ALSO COV]$ ! ,C,P'S MASSIVE APPO9TM5T ( ,LIEUT5ANT ,COLONELS4 ,!Y KILL$ TWO BIRDS ) ONE /ONE3 ! ,COMMUNI/S EXECUT$ ,DURRUTI POLITICALLY & CONSOLIDAT$ !IR P[] 9 ! >MY4 ,IT WAS ,MA*IAVELLIANISM AT ITS BE/4 

,DURRUTI'S NAME BECAME A WAT*WORD 9 ! PROPAG&A RELEAS$ BY ALL ! GOV]NM5TAL P>TIES4 ,!Y CIT$ HIS NAME TO JU/IFY ANY C\NT]REVOLUTION>Y MEASURE & ALWAYS FOLL[$ IT ) ! FAM\S PHRASE ASCRIB$ TO HIM3 0,WE R5\NCE EV]Y?+ EXCEPT VICTORY40 ,?IS S5T5CE BECAME ! W>'S MOTTO4 ,EV5 9 ! ,CAB9ET1 :5 A ,C,N,T M9I/] RESI/$ SOME POLICY ?AT WAS ANTAGONI/IC TO ! PROLET>IAT1 HIS 5EMIES %UT HIM UP BY REM9D+ HIM ( ! LAPID>Y MAXIM ATTRIBUT$ TO ,DURRUTI1 0! LEAD] ( ! PEOPLE40 0,VICTORY IS :AT'S IMPORTANT4 ,WE'LL MAKE ! REVOLUTION LAT]4 ,WASN'T ?AT :AT \R GREAT ,DURRUTI WANT$80 

,! MANIPULATION ( HIS MEMORY REA*$ SU* EXTREMES ?AT ,EMILI5NE ,MOR9 FELT OBLIG$ TO REFUSE ! 0HI< HONOR0 GRANT$ TO H] :5 ! GOV]NM5T TRI$ TO MAKE H] A 0,LIEUT5ANT ,COLONEL30  
  

,I AM NOT BETRAY+ ,DURRUTI'S LEGACY :5 ,I SAY ?AT HE REMA9$ ! 9TREPID AN>*I/ ( HIS E>LY YE>S UP TO ! LA/ MOM5T ( HIS LIFE4 ,IT'S NOT SUP]FLU\S TO 9VOKE ?IS1 S9CE IT'S NO SECRET ?AT V>I\S POLITICAL GR\PS HAVE TRI$ TO APPROPRIATE ! UND5IABLE PRE/IGE ( ! H]O ( ,>AGON & ,MADRID = !IR [N PURPOSES4 

,!Y'VE TRI$ TO MAKE HIM 9TO A GREAT SOLDI]1 :O WAS CONV9C$ ( ! NE$ = AN IRON DISCIPL9E & EV5 WELCOM$ ! MILIT>IZATION ( ! MILITIAS1 :I* WAS ALREADY BE+ TALK$ AB\T 9 ,NOVEMB] #a#i#c#f4 ,HIS F9AL WORDS--0WE R5\NCE EV]Y?+ EXCEPT VICTORY0--HAVE BECOME ! FI<T]S' MANTRA1 BUT EA* ONE 9T]PRETS !M ACCORD+ TO ! NE$S ( HIS ORGANIZATION OR P>TY4 

,I DON'T WANT TO BEG9 A DEBATE1 BECAUSE !SE >5'T TIMES = POLEMICS1 BUT 9 ! MID/ ( ! CONTRADICTIONS & CONFUSION BORNE ( W>1 ALL[ ME1 AS A WITNESS1 TO SAY :AT ,I ?9K4 ,:5 ,DURRUTI SPOKE ( VICTORY1 HE MEANT1 )\T ANY POSSIBLE D\BT1 ! VICTORY ( ! ,POPUL> ,MILITIAS OV] ! FASCI/ HORDES1 S9CE HE REJECT$ ! IDEA ( A MILIT>Y VICTORY ( A B\RGEOIS REPUBLIC ?AT DIDN'T LEAD TO SOCIAL TRANS=MATION4 

,I HE>D HIM SAY SO MANY TIMES3 0,IT W\LDN'T BE WOR? DRESS+ UP LIKE SOLDI]S TO BE GOV]N$ BY ! ,REPUBLICANS ( #aica AGA94 ,WE ACCEPT CONCESSIONS1 BUT WE WON'T =GET ?AT WE HAVE TO C>RY \T ! W> & ! REVOLUTION SIMULTANE\SLY40 

,DURRUTI NEV] =GOT HIS YE>S AS A HUNT$ MILITANT4 ,! DRAMATIC P]SECUTIONS SUFF]$ BY ! ,C,N,T & ,F,A,I W]E ET*$ 9 LETT]S ( BLOOD 9 HIS MEMORY4 ,HE DIDN'T TRU/ ! ,REPUBLICAN POLITICIANS 9 ! SLI<TE/ & REFUS$ TO DESCRIBE M5 LIKE ,AZANA AS ANTI-FASCI/S4 

,9 A WORD1 HE BELIEV$ ?AT ! ,SPANI% B\RGEOISIE ?AT SUPPORT$ ! ,REPUBLICAN CAUSE W\LD NOT MISS ! OPPORTUNITY TO UNSCRUPUL\SLY UND]M9E1 EV5 9 ! MIDDLE ( W>1 ! PROLET>IAT'S REVOLUTION>Y CONQUE/S4 

,REGRETTABLY1 EV5TS %[ ?AT HE WAS RI<T444 

,DURRUTI WAS DISGU/$ & HORRIFI$ BY ! GR[+ BUREAUCRATISM4 ,9 ! FAM\S SPEE* ?AT HE GAVE 9 ,B>CELONA BE=E LEAV+ = ,MADRID1 HE %\T$ ! AL>M AB\T ! CORRUPTION BEG9N+ TO APPE> 9 ! RE>GU>D & D5\NC$ ?AT BUREAUCRATIC P>ASITISM4 ,UN=TUNATELY1 HE DID NOT LIVE LONG 5\<444 & ! BUREAUCRATISM ( ! CON=MI/S SPREAD %AMELESSLY444 

,BUT ,DURRUTI'S ?\<T1 HIS S\L1 IF Y\'LL P]MIT ME ! EXPRESSION1 /ILL LIVES 9 ! HE>T ( ! ,SPANI% PROLET>IAT1 :I* HAS NOT1 DESPITE HIS M>TYRDOM1 =GOTT5 HIS MESSAGE4 ,& ?AT IS :Y WE HAVE FAI? 9 ! REVOLUTION>Y POT5TIAL ( ! ,IB]IAN WORK]S1 :O WILL ONE DAY FREE !MSELVES FROM !IR SO-CALL$ 0LEAD]S40 ,LET ! DISORD] ( ! ,FR5* ,POPUL> ,FRONT MAKE \R ,SPANI% BRO!RS REFLECT3 !Y %\LD NOT HAVE HI< HOPES = HELP FROM ,EUROPE'S 0GREAT DEMOCRACIES40 ,! PREVAIL+ AFFECTION = ! COMBATANTS ( LIB]TY IS NO?+ MORE ?AN A PASSIVE & TE>Y S5TIM5TALISM4 

,WE CAN'T A*IEVE ! VICTORY TO :I* ,DURRUTI ALLUD$--\R VICTORY-- )\T HELP FROM ! ,FR5* PROLET>IAT1 FRE$ FROM ! TUTELAGE ( ITS P>TIES & BEYOND ALL NATIONALI/ CONSID]ATIONS4 ,WE HAV5'T LO/ ! HOPE ?AT ,FR5* WORK]S WILL UND]/& !IR CLASS DUTY & BREAK ! 0TRUCE0 ?AT !IR 0LEAD]S0 HAVE PREA*$ TO !M = SO LONG4.<#g#h.>  

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