,E*OES ( ! ,FREE ,COMMUNE ( ,B>BA*A 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,CRIME?,9C4 

,TEXT 3 

,=EWORD BY ,CRIME?,9C4 

,! AUTONOM\S REGION ( ,ROJAVA HAS GA9$ 9T]NATIONAL VISIBILITY AS A BEACON ( /RUGGLE AGA9/ ! ,ISLAMIC ,/ATE & O!R =MS ( AUTOCRATIC P[]1 AN EXP]IM5T 9 :I* MANY AN>*I/S >E CURR5TLY P>TICIPAT+4 ,YET ,ROJAVA IS NOT ! ONLY REGION 9 :I* A /RUGGLE = SELF-DET]M9ATION HAS EXP&$ TO OP5 A PA? T[>DS TOTAL LIB]ATION4 ,9 NOR? ,AFRICA1 9 ! REGION ( ,KABYLIA1 AN E?NIC M9ORITY OPPRESS$ BY RACISM & /ATE OPPRESSION HAS 9ITIAT$ 9 A S]IES ( REVOLTS COMP>ABLE TO :AT ! ,KURDS HAVE ACCOMPLI%$ 9 ,ROJAVA & ! ,ZAPATI/AS 9 ,*IAPAS4 ,?R\<\T DECADES ( /RUGGLE1 !Y HAVE E/ABLI%$ ZONES ( AUTONOMY & BUILT BRIDGES TO O!RS 9 REVOLT1 9 HOPES ( BR++ AB\T 0A G5U9E EMANCIPATORY SOCIAL REVOLUTION40 ,READ ON TO LE>N AB\T ?IS UND]REPORT$ /RUGGLE4 

,TRANSLATORS' ,9TRODUCTION 

,BY ,MI*AEL ,DESNIVIC & ,HABIBA ,DHIREM-,KASP]4 

,?IS TRANSLATION HAS ALL[$ US TO %>E A REC5T RESI/ANCE MOVEM5T ?AT1 UNTIL N[1 WAS COMPLETELY UNKN[N TO ,5GLI%-SPEAK+ C\NTRIES & /ILL L>GELY UNKN[N \TSIDE ( ,ALG]IA4 ,! AU?OR1 A ,FR5* WRIT]1 FILMMAK] & DOCUM5T>IAN1 ,MAT\F ,T>LACREA1 WAS V]Y HAPPY TO SEE ITS RELEASE 9TO ,5GLI%4 ,9 #b#a#d1 HE TRAVEL$ TO A COMMUNE CALL$ ,B>BA*A 9 NOR!RN ,ALG]IA ) SOME FRI5DS = TWO DAYS & COLLECT$ P]SONAL /ORIES & DOCUM5TS TO PRES5T 0,E*OS DE LA ,COMMUNE LIBRE DE ,B>BA*A0 AS BO? AN >TICLE & %ORT DOCUM5T>Y VIDEO4 ,MAT\F'S SPECIALTY IS PRIM>ILY 9 RESI/ANCE MOVEM5TS >\ND ! WORLD4 ,HIS GR&P>5TS >E FROM NOR!RN ,ALG]IA & HE CURR5TLY LIVES 9 ,T\L\SE1 ,FRANCE & IS ACTIVE 9 SUPPORT+ ,C,],A 7,CAMPAGNE DE ,REQUISITION1 D',5TRAIDE ET D',AUTOGE/ION OR ,REQUISITION ,CAMPAIGN = ,MUTUAL ,AID & ,SELF-,MANAGEM5T71 A SQUATT$ COMMUNAL BUILD+ 9HABIT$ BY PEOPLE ( V>I\S E?NIC & CULTURAL BACKGR\NDS UNIT$ UND] ONE COMMON BANN]3 ! TOTAL & COMPLETE REJECTION ( ALL AU?ORITY4 

,KABYLIA OR ,KABYLIE IS A REGION 9 NOR!RN ,ALG]IA JU/ EA/ ( ! C\NTRY'S CAPITAL CITY ,ALGI]S1 9HABIT$ PRIM>ILY BY ! 9DIG5\S ,KABYLE PEOPLE4 ,\TSIDE ( ,BELGIUM & ,FRANCE1 ,B]B]S & ,KABYLES >E FAIRLY UNKN[N TO ,WE/]N]S3 ,ALG]IA & ALL ( ,NOR? ,AFRICA >E IMAG9$ TO BE EXCLUSIVELY POPULAT$ BY ,>ABS4 ,! ,KABYLE PEOPLE >E AN E?NIC DIVISION ( ! ,B]B]S1 AMONG MANY O!R ,B]B] E?NIC GR\PS4 ,MO/ ,KABYLES & O!R ,B]B] E?NIC GR\PS CURR5TLY SPEAK ,>ABIC1 ,ALG]IA'S (FICIAL LANGUAGE1 AS WELL AS REGIONAL ,B]B] DIALECTS2 ,FR5*1 9TRODUC$ VIA COLONIALISM1 IS ALSO COMMON1 ESPECIALLY 9 BUS9ESS & $UCATION4 

,:O >E ! ,B]B]S8 ,!Y >E ! ORIG9AL 9HABITANTS ( ,NOR? ,AFRICA 7,ALG]IA1 ,EGYPT1 ,LIBYA1 ,MOROCCO1 ,TUNISIA7 & P>TS ( ,WE/ ,AFRICA 7,BURK9A ,FASO1 ,MALI1 ,MAURITANIA1 ,NIG]74 ,BUT !Y DID NOT CALL !MSELVES ,B]B]S3 LIKE ! NAMES ( MO/ 9DIG5\S PEOPLES 7E4G4 0,9DIANS071 ?IS NAME WAS GIV5 TO !M BY 9VAD]S4 ,IT COMES FROM ! ,GREEK WORD B>B>\S & ! ,LAT9 COGNATE B>B>US2 ROOT ( 0B>B>IAN10 ORIG9ALLY D5OT+ A P]SON ) A PRIMITIVE CIVILIZATION4 ,! ORIG9AL 9HABITANTS ( ?IS REGION CALL$ !MSELVES ,IMAZI<51 :I* R\<LY TRANSLATES TO 0FREE PEOPLE10 KN[N 9DIVIDUALLY AS ,AMAZI< 7MASCUL9E7 & AS ,TAMAZI<T 7FEM99E71 :O SPEAK ! ,TAMAZI<T LANGUAGE4 ,!IR L& WAS KN[N AS ,TAMAZ<A1 R5AM$ ! 0,MA<REB0 BY ! ,>ABS4 ,9 ,ANTIQUITY1 ! PEOPLE ( ?IS L& HAD CLOSE RELATIONS ) ,ANCI5T ,GREEKS & ,ROMANS4 

,AS ) MANY ANCI5T PEOPLE1 CONTACT ) \TSIDE CULTURES ALT]NAT$ BETWE5 FRI5D%IP & HO/ILITY1 ) ! ,B]B]S PLAY+ ! ROLES ( BO? CONQU]ORS & CONQU]$4 ,!IR CONTRIBUTION TO ! DEVELOP+ CULTURES ( ,ANTIQUITY & ! ,MIDDLE ,AGES HAS LEFT A M>K ON ,AFRICAN & EV5 ,EUROPEAN CULTURE 7= EXAMPLE1 HI/ORIANS SUSPECT ,/4 ,AUGU/9E MAY HAVE BE5 AN E?NIC ,B]B]74 ,MORE REC5TLY1 ,SITUATIONI/ ,9T]NATIONAL C(\ND] ,GUY ,DEBORD NOT$ 9 HIS #aiee >TICLE 0,9TRODUCTION TO A ,CRITIQUE ( ,URBAN ,GEOGRAPHY0 ?AT ! T]M 0PSY*OGEOGRAPHY0 WAS CO9$ BY 0AN ILLIT]ATE ,KABYLE0 HE & HIS FRI5DS HAD KN[N4 

,ALG]IA HAS A RI* HI/ORY ( REVOLT AGA9/ ! V>I\S =MS ( OPPRESSION & TYRANNY ?AT HAVE M5AC$ IT1 9CLUD+ ,FR5* COLONIALISM & !OCRATIC AUTOCRACY4 ,ALG]IAN-BORN ,ALB]T ,CAMUS NOT$ ! IMM5SE RACISM ! ,KABYLES EXP]I5C$ ?R\< SOCIOECONOMIC EXCLUSION1 EXTREME POV]TY & FAM9ES 9/IGAT$ BY ! ,FR5* SETTL]-COLONIALI/S 9 HIS ESSAY 0,MIS]E DE LA ,KABYLIE40 ,9 ,WE ,>E ,IMAZI<51 ,FAZIA ,AILEL /ATES1 0,B]B]S W]E D5\NC$ AS A CREATION ( ,FRANCE0 AS A MEANS TO 9T5SIFY DISCRIM9ATION FROM ! DOM9ANT ,>AB E?NIC GR\P4 ,G5]ATION AFT] G5]ATION HAS RESI/$ ?IS RACISM4 ,! /RUGGLES AGA9/ DISCRIM9ATION & COLONIALISM L$ TO /RUGGLES AGA9/ O!R =MS ( OPPRESSION AS WELL4 ,AS IS TO BE EXPECT$1 ?R\<\T HI/ORY1 REVOLUTION>Y ATTEMPTS 9 ,ALG]IA TO OV]?R[ DICTATORIAL SY/EMS ( COLONIZATION &1 LAT]1 /ATE BUREAUCRACY HAVE CONSI/5TLY BE5 CO-OPT$ BY V>I\S 0LIB]ATORS0 ATTEMPT+ TO SECURE P[] = !MSELVES VIA POLITICAL1 ECONOMIC1 MILIT>Y1 OR RELIGI\S LEAD]%IP ROLES4 ,?IS IS AS TRUE ON ! ,AFRICAN CONT95T AS IT HAS BE5 9 ,EUROPE & ,ASIA4 

,KABYLES 9 P>TICUL> HAVE A LONG1 VA/ HI/ORY 9 AVOID+ AU?ORITY & HI]>*Y1 REJECT+ ,FR5* COLONIALISM & BUREAUCRACY1 BY IMPLEM5T+ LOCAL VILLAGE ASSEMBLIES2 GOV]NM5T 9 ITSELF HAS MO/LY BE5 ALI5 TO !M4 ,9 HIS #aib BOOK ,MUTUAL ,AID1 ,PET] ,KROPOTK9 NOT$ ! REJECTION ( AU?ORITY ?AT SEEM$ TO BE EMB$D$ 9 ,KABYLE CULTURE4 

,! ,KABYLES KN[ NO AU?ORITY :ATEV] BESIDES ?AT ( ! DJEMMAA1 OR FOLKMOTE ( ! VILLAGE COMMUNITY4 ,ALL M5 ( AGE TAKE P>T 9 IT1 9 ! OP5 AIR1 OR 9 A SPECIAL BUILD+ PROVID$ ) /ONE SEATS4 & ! DECISIONS ( ! DJEMMAA >E EVID5TLY TAK5 AT UNANIMITY3 ?AT IS1 ! DISCUSSIONS CONT9UE UNTIL ALL PRES5T AGREE TO ACCEPT1 OR TO SUBMIT TO1 SOME DECISION4 ,!RE BE+ NO AU?ORITY 9 A VILLAGE COMMUNITY TO IMPOSE A DECISION1 ?IS SY/EM HAS BE5 PRACTIC$ BY MANK9D :]EV] !RE HAVE BE5 VILLAGE COMMUNITIES1 & IT IS PRACTIC$ /ILL :]EV] !Y CONT9UE TO EXI/1 I4E41 BY SEV]AL HUNDR$ MILLION M5 7SIC7 ALL OV] ! WORLD4 

,HE ADDS3 

,MUTUAL SUPPORT P]MEATES ! LIFE ( ! ,KABYLES1 & IF ONE ( !M1 DUR+ A J\RNEY ABROAD1 MEETS ) ANO!R ,KABYLE 9 NE$1 HE IS B\ND TO COME TO HIS AID1 EV5 AT ! RISK ( HIS [N =TUNE & LIFE2 IF ?IS HAS NOT BE5 DONE1 ! DJEMMAA ( ! MAN :O HAS SUFF]$ FROM SU* NEGLECT MAY LODGE A COMPLA9T1 & ! DJEMMAA ( ! SELFI% MAN WILL AT ONCE MAKE GOOD ! LOSS4 ,WE ?US COME ACROSS A CU/OM :I* IS FAMILI> TO ! /UD5TS ( ! M$IEVAL M]*ANT GUILDS4 ,EV]Y /RANG] :O 5T]S A ,KABYLE VILLAGE HAS RI<T TO H\S+ 9 ! W9T]1 & HIS HORSES CAN ALWAYS GRAZE ON ! COMMUNAL L&S = TW5TY-F\R H\RS4 ,BUT 9 CASE ( NE$ HE CAN RECKON UPON AN ALMO/ UNLIMIT$ SUPPORT4 ,?US1 DUR+ ! FAM9E ( #a#h#f#g-#f#h1 ! ,KABYLES RECEIV$ & F$ EV]Y ONE :O S\<T REFUGE 9 !IR VILLAGES1 )\T DI/9CTION ( ORIG94 ,9 ! DI/RICT ( ,DELLYS1 NO LESS ?AN #a#b1 PEOPLE :O CAME FROM ALL P>TS ( ,ALG]IA1 & EV5 FROM ,MOROCCO1 W]E F$ 9 ?IS WAY4 ,:ILE PEOPLE DI$ FROM />VATION ALL OV] ,ALG]IA1 !RE WAS NOT ONE S+LE CASE ( DEA? DUE TO ?IS CAUSE ON ,KABYLIAN SOIL4 ,! DJEMMAAS1 DEPRIV+ !MSELVES ( NECESS>IES1 ORGANIZ$ RELIEF1 )\T EV] ASK+ ANY AID FROM ! ,GOV]NM5T1 OR UTT]+ ! SLI<TE/ COMPLA9T2 !Y CONSID]$ IT AS A NATURAL DUTY4 ,& :ILE AMONG ! ,EUROPEAN SETTL]S ALL K9D ( POLICE MEASURES W]E TAK5 TO PREV5T !FTS & DISORD] RESULT+ FROM SU* AN 9FLUX ( /RANG]S1 NO?+ ( ! K9D WAS REQUIR$ ON ! ,KABYLES' T]RITORY3 ! DJEMMAAS NE$$ NEI!R AID NOR PROTECTION FROM )\T4 

,ON ,JULY #e1 #a#i#f#b1 ,ALG]IA WAS GRANT$ 9DEP5D5CE AFT] NE>LY #h YE>S ( W> & #acb YE>S 7EXACTLY TO ! DAY7 ( COLONIZATION4 ,! BRUTAL W>1 DEP5D+ ON ! S\RCES1 LEFT >\ND #d1 TO #a4#e MILLION DEAD4 ,CONFUSION1 FE>1 DISILLUSIONM5T & ATROCITY SEEM TO BE 9EVITABLE BYPRODUCTS ( W>1 & ! 5D ( ! OCCUPATION 7AS ) ! 5D ( SO MANY7 L$ TO ! RISE ( DESPOTIC LEAD]%IP4 

,BUT AFT] ! COLONIAL =CES LEFT1 SOME?+ UNUSUAL HAPP5$4 ,COM+ TO P[] AT ! 5D ( ! ,W>1 ! WORK]S & PEASANTS ( ! C\NTRY DECID$ TO IMPLEM5T AUTOGE/ION OR SELF-MANAGEM5T4 ,QUICKLY1 ! WORK+ CLASS TOOK OV] MU* ( ! 9DU/RY & ! PEASANTS MU* ( ! C\NTRYSIDE4 ,?US ! ,ALG]IAN ,W> ( ,9DEP5D5CE SUDD5LY BECAME ! ,ALG]IAN ,REVOLUTION4 

,ALG]IA'S SELF-MANAGEM5T REVOLUTION 7#a#i#f#b-#f#e7 UNIT$ ! 5TIRE WORK+ CLASS1 ,B]B] & ,>AB1 AS WELL AS EV5 E?NIC ,FR5* PI$S-NOIRS.<#a.> TO BUILD A SOCIALI/ 7SOME MI<T EV5 SAY 0LIB]T>IAN SOCIALI/07 REVOLUTION ?AT %OOK (F ! DEAD WEI<T ( POLITICAL P>TIES1 9CLUD+ ! ,L59ISM & ,/AL9ISM ?AT NUM]\S BUREAUCRATS W]E /RUGGL+ TO IMPLEM5T 9 ,ALG]IA & ?R\<\T MO/ ( ! FRE%LY DECOLONIZ$ C\NTRIES4 ,! /RUGGLE ( ! ,ALG]IAN WORK]S1 PEASANTS1 & /UD5TS WAS CONSI/5TLY HAMM]$ & W$G$ BETWE5 V>I\S IDEOLOGIES3 RELIGI\S CONS]VATISM1 ,L59ISM 7OR 0VANGU>DISM071 CAPITALISM1 NATIONALISM1 E?NIC ID5TITY4 ,UNSATISFI$ BY EA* ( !SE1 AN ,ALG]IAN PROLET>IAT--PEOPLE :O HAD NOT READ ,M>X & ,5GELS1 BR\<T A COMMUNI/ P>TY TO P[]1 OR POSSESS$ ANY 9T]E/ 9 C5TRALIZ+ P[] & ! MEANS ( PRODUCTION 9 ! H&S ( ! ,/ATE--HAD SUCCESSFULLY DONE :AT SOCIALI/S 9 ! ,COLD ,W> ]A W]E B5T ON PREV5T+ WORK+ PEOPLE FROM DO+3 TAK+ P[] = !MSELVES4 

0,AFT] 9DEP5D5CE1 ! ,ALG]IANS TURN$ TO SOCIALISM1 :I* TO !M MEANT SELF-MANAGEM5T40 7,AUTOGE/ION \VRI]E ET P\VOIR POLITIQUE 5 ,ALG]IE 7#a#i#f#b-#a#i#f#e71 ,MONIQUE ,LAKS1 #a#i#g47 ,REVOLUTION>IES 9 ,ALG]IA W]E QUICKLY SUP]S$+ ,M>XISM & ITS APOLOGI/S4 ,UKRA9E1 ,G]MANY1 ,RUSSIA1 ,FRANCE1 & ESPECIALLY ,SPA9 >E HI/ORICALLY SE5 AS ! BA/IONS ( AN>*I/ & LIB]T>IAN SOCIALI/ 9SURRECTION BY MEANS ( SELF-MANAGEM5T1 ESPECIALLY 9 ! =M ( WORK]S' C\NCILS4 ,! REVOLUTION>Y REORGANIZATION ( SOCIETY GOT UND]WAY 9 ,ALG]IA ALONG SIMIL> L9ES1 ) F> LESS 9FLU5CE FROM ,WE/]N ?9K]S1 PU%+ ITSELF TO *ALL5GE BO? /ATE CONTROL & PRIVATE [N]%IP ( CAPITAL4 

,) AN UNC]TA9 SOCIO-ECONOMIC FUTURE 9 PO/-9DEP5D5CE1 ! NEW RUL]S ( ,ALG]IA APPE>$ 9EPT4 ,AFT] ! W>1 ! ,G5]AL ,UNION ( ,ALG]IAN ,WORK]S 7,UNION ,G5]ALE DES ,TRAVAILLEURS ,ALG]I5S OR ,U,G,T,A7 ISSU$ ! FOLL[+ APPEAL3 0444\R BATTLE IS SOON GO+ TO TAKE A NEW =M444 ,! RESUMPTION ( ECONOMIC ACTIVITY WILL ALL[ ! WORK]S TO TAKE ! 9ITIATIVE TO BE PRES5T EV]Y:]E1 TO P>TICIPATE1 TO DIRECT & CONTROL ! ECONOMY ( \R C\NTRY40 ,! ,U,G,T,A CONT9U$ AN APPEAL TO ! NEWLY-=M$ GOV]NM5T & ! ,FR5* =M] [N]S ( ! F>MS & FACTORIES TO REOP5 !M4 ,! ,U,G,T,A /AT$ ?AT IF !RE IS 0A NEGATIVE ANSW]1 ! GOV]NM5T MU/ ORGANIZE A SY/EM ( MANAGEM5T BY ! WORK]S40 ,! REQUE/ FELL ON DEAF E>S AT FIR/1 BUT WORK]S' SELF-MANAGEM5T CONT9U$ TO COME 9TO DISCUSSION & WAS GRANT$ (FICIAL /ATUS BY ,AHM$ ,B5 ,BELLA1 ! FIR/ ,PRESID5T ( ,ALG]IA1 9 ,SEPTEMB] #b#h1 #aifb 9 HIS 9AUGURAL SPEE* 7PLAUSIBLY1 H[EV]1 TO \T/RIP HIS B\RGEOIS COMPETITORS ) HIS BUREAUCRACY74 ,AFT] ,B5 ,BELLA WAS OV]?R[N BY ,B\M$I5NE 9 A C\P D'ETAT1 SELF-MANAGEM5T & ! WORK]S' MOVEM5T W]E T>GET$ BY ! NEW REGIME ?AT BL5D$ ,ISLAMIC FUNDAM5TALISM & TE*NOCRATIC /ATE-PLANN+1 DE/ROY+ SELF-MANAGEM5T 9 A FEW YE>S' TIME4 

,! MOVEM5TS ( ! 0,>AB ,SPR+0 W]E P>TICUL>LY 9T5SE 9 ,ALG]IA2 BUT !Y W]E PREC$$ BY SEV]AL ,B]B] ,SPR+S4 ,9 #a#i#h1 A LECTURE ON ,KABYLE POETRY BY ,M\LOD ,MAMM]I WAS BANN$ AT ! ,UNIV]SITY ( ,TIZI-,\ZO4 ,?IS SP>K$ ! FIR/ SPONTANE\S ,B]B] ,SPR+1 A S]IES ( RIOTS & /RIKES AIM$ AT DEM&+ /ATUS = ,TAMAZI<T AS A NATIONAL OR (FICIAL LANGUAGE1 & CULM9AT+ 9 O!R ATTEMPTS TO *ANGE ,ALG]IAN SOCIETY4 ,ANO!R ,B]B] ,SPR+ BROKE \T 9 #a#i#h#h4 ,A CIVIL W> ]UPT$ 9 #aiia & LA/$ UNTIL #b#b4 

,ON ,APRIL #a#h1 #b#a1 AN EV5T OCCURR$ ?AT AGA9 PUT ,ALG]IA & ! ,KAYBLES 9 ! 9T]NATIONAL SPOTLI<T4 ,GU]MAH ,MASS9ISSA1 AN EI<TE5-YE>-OLD HI< S*OOL /UD5T >RE/$ 9 ,TIZI-,\Z\1 A CITY 9 ,KABYLIA1 WAS %OT BY POLICE :ILE 9 CU/ODY UND] V]Y MY/]I\S CIRCUM/ANCES4 ,RIOT+ BROKE \T ALMO/ IMM$IATELY1 CAUS+ :AT WAS DUBB$ ! 0,BLACK ,SPR+40 ,AS (T5 OCCURS 9 UPRIS+S AGA9/ ,/ATE-SPONSOR$ MURD]1 ! 5TIRETY ( ! SOCIETY & EV]Y?+ IT PRODUC$ WAS CALL$ 9TO QUE/ION4 ,A MOVEM5T EM]G$ = AN AUTONOM\S ,KABYLIA4 

,?IS REVOLT ELUCIDAT$ :AT ! 9SURRECTION>IES W]E ULTIMATELY ATTEMPT+ TO DO & :AT !Y WANT$ TO COMMUNICATE TO ,ALG]IA & ! RE/ ( ! WORLD3 !Y REFUS$ TO BE L$ OR DOM9AT$ BY ANYONE1 ,FR5*1 ,>AB1 OR ,KABYLE4 

,M51 WOM51 & *ILDR5 ALL OV] ,KABYLIA P>TICIPAT$ 9 ?IS ?IRD ,B]B] ,SPR+4 ,! COMMON SLOGAN *ANT$ WAS 0,Y\ CAN'T KILL US1 WE >E ALREADY DEAD60 7,SOME:AT MORE 9TIMIDAT+ ?AN 0,WE >E ! #ii P]C5T407 ,KABYLE WOM5 W]E P>TICUL>LY ACTIVE 9 ! REVOLT1 VOIC+ !IR DISGU/ AGA9/ ! POSSIBLE ,/ATE-SPONSOR$ MURD] ( !IR BRO!RS1 HUSB&S1 BOYFRI5DS1 FA!RS1 & SONS4 

,GOV]NM5T (FICES1 C\RTS1 POLICE /ATIONS--ALL REPRESSIVE 9FRA/RUCTURES ( ! ,/ATE--W]E PUT TO ! TOR*4 ,%[+ A ?OR\<GO+ CRITIQUE ( ALL ! DIFF]5T ?+S ?AT RE/RICT$ !IR LIB]ATION1 ! RIOT]S W5T AFT] ! BUILD+S ( POLITICAL P>TIES & ,ISLAMIC FUNDAM5TALI/S4 ,! ,ISLAMI/S1 :OSE IDEOLOGICAL T]ROR P>ALLEL$ ! ,/ATE'S AUTOCRACY CULM9AT+ 9 ! DEA?S ( C\NTLESS ,ALG]IANS1 SAW !IR MEET+ PLACES TURN$ TO A%4 ,BY ! 5D ( ! MON?1 ! 5TIRE REGION ( ,KABYLIA WAS 9 TOTAL REVOLT4 ,EV]Y ATTEMPT AT NEGOTIATION ) ! ,ALG]IAN GOV]NM5T WAS REJECT$ BY ! COMMUNITIES ( RESI/ANCE4 ,POLICE & ,ISLAMIC FUNDAM5TALI/S W]E CONSI/5TLY DRIV5 \T ( VILLAGES & CITIES4 ,LABOR UNIONS & LEFT-W+ P>TIES W]E %UNN$ AS ALL ATTEMPTS TO TAKE AU?ORITY W]E CONSID]$ TRAITOR\S1 9CLUD+ VOT+ 9 ! ELECTIONS4 

,! PEOPLE ( ! REGION RECREAT$ ! A>* 7SIMIL> TO ,KROPOTK9'S A=EM5TION$ SY/EM ( ! DJEMMAA71 A ME?OD ( COORD9AT+ ! NE$S ( ! COMMUNITY ) REVOCABLE DELEGATES FROM ! VILLAGE ASSEMBLIES 7SEE ,WOLFI ,L&/REI*]'S ,AUTONOM\S ,SELF-,ORGANIZATION & ,AN>*I/ ,9T]V5TION74 ,VIA A>*S1 ! COMMUNITY RUNS DECISIONS BY CONS5SUS & ASSEMBLY4 ,BY REJECT+ HI]>*Y1 IT PURGES ! OLD ,ALG]IA--& ! OLD WORLD ITSELF--?AT ASS]T$ ITS ASSAULT ON FRE$OM ?R\< ! POLICE /ATE & ,ISLAMIC FUNDAM5TALISM4 

,HABIBA'S FA!R1 AN E?NIC ,KABYLE1 WAS M>RI$ ) TWO DAU<T]S DUR+ ! ,ALG]IAN ,W> ( ,9DEP5D5CE4 ,HE WAS A H>KI1 SOME?+ HE DID NOT LIKE TO TALK AB\T4 ,IT WAS A POIGNANT SUBJECT 9 !IR H\SEHOLD4 ,:Y W\LD ANYONE *OOSE TO FI<T AGA9/ HIS C\NTRY & PEOPLE8 ,WE>+ !SE TWO BADGES ( %AME1 A H>KI & A ,KABYLE1 WAS NOT EASY4 

,! WORD H>KI HAS G5]ALLY COME TO MEAN 0TRAITOR03 9 ! ,ALG]IAN CONTEXT IT REF]S TO AN ,ALG]IAN SOLDI] :O F\<T ON ! ,FR5* SIDE ( ! W>--SOMETIMES NOT BY *OICE4 ,HABIBA'S FA!R WAS TOLD HIS FAMILY W\LD BE KILL$ IF HE DID NOT HELP ! >M$ =CES ( ,FRANCE KEEP ,ALG]IA AS !IR COLONY4 ,9 RETURN = FI<T+ AT !IR SIDE AGA9/ ! ANTI-COLONIAL =CES1 HE WAS PROMIS$ ASYLUM 9 ,FRANCE4 ,HE F\ND A NEW LIFE 9 ,FRANCE1 :]E ,HABIBA WAS BORN4 ,OBVI\SLY1 ! TRANSITION WASN'T EASY = ! FAMILY4 ,!Y W\LD HAVE PREF]R$ ?AT !IR C\NTRY REGA9 ITS 9DEP5D5CE FROM ,FRANCE1 & IT DID1 BUT !Y NEV] W]E ABLE TO SAVOR ! VICTORY4 ,AS A *ILD1 ,HABIBA VISIT$ ,ALG]IA ) H] MO!R1 BUT ?+S W]E NOT ! SAME AS H] MO!R HAD LEFT IT4 ,AS = ,HABIBA1 ! EXP]I5CE WAS V]Y DISAPPO9T+4 ,%E HAD HOP$ = ACCEPTANCE BUT 9/EAD 5C\NT]$ DISDA9 FROM *ILDR5 9 ! VILLAGE H] MO!R GREW UP 94 ,BE+ CALL$ A DIRTY ,>AB BACK 9 ,FRANCE WAS NORMAL1 ALMO/ EXPECT$1 BUT TO BE CALL$ A DIRTY ,FR5* 9 ! L& ( H] ANCE/ORS LEFT H] DI%E>T5$ & CONFUS$4 

,IT WAS A FEW YE>S BE=E %E UND]/OOD :AT IT ALL MEANT4 ,%E WAS ! DAU<T] ( A TRAITOR\S H>KI1 A MAN :O HAD BETRAY$ HIS C\NTRY & FL$ ) HUNDR$S ( ?\S&S ( O!RS4 ,OR AT LEA/ ?AT WAS :AT ?OSE KIDS W]E TOLD %E WAS4 

,AFT] ?AT TRIP %E HAD A BETT] UND]/&+ ( :]E %E CAME FROM & %E WAS NEV] ! SAME AGA94 ,EV]Y?+ %E ?\<T %E WAS CAME CRUMBL+ D[N4 ,IT WAS ONLY AFT] DECADES ?AT %E DISCOV]$ H] TRUE BACKGR\ND3 H] P>5TS HAD BE5 ,>ABIZ$2 !Y W]E ,KABYLES ASSIMILAT$ 9TO ! ,>ABIC CULTURE & LANGUAGE1 & ALL H] LIFE %E WAS MADE TO BELIEVE %E WAS P>T ( A CULTURE ?AT DEEP D[N %E KNEW %E WAS NEV] P>T (4 ,TODAY %E IS PR\D TO SAY ?AT %E IS P>T ( ! ,KABYLE PEOPLE1 SOME ( ! MO/ RESILI5T & C\RAGE\S PEOPLE 9 ,NOR? ,AFRICA4 ,TODAY %E HOPES ?AT ! PEOPLE ( ,KABYLIE WILL KEEP FI<T+ = !IR RI<TS1 = !IR LANGUAGE & TO REGA9 !IR 9DEP5D5CE4 

,9 TRANSLAT+ ?IS PIECE & PRES5T+ ! EXI/5CE ( ! MOVEM5T 9 ,B>BA*A TO ! ,5GLI%-SPEAK+ PUBLIC1 WE /RONGLY FELT !IR /RUGGLE NE$$ TO BE KN[N TO A WID] AUDI5CE4 ,WE DID SO NOT JU/ SIMPLY TO (F] A M]E NEWS PIECE TO 5LI<T5 ! ,ANGLOSPH]E ON ! ZEITGEI/ 9 NOR!RN ,ALG]IA1 BUT TO 9SPIRE O!RS1 TO MOVE PEOPLE \T ( PESSIMISM & FATALISM1 TO %[ !M RESI/ANCE & *ANGE >E NOT IMPOSSIBLE4 ,FUR!RMORE1 WE DO SO = ! PEOPLE ( ,B>BA*A'S REQUE/ = SUPPORT & SOLID>ITY \TSIDE ( ,ALG]IA1 AS !Y HAVE /AT$ PLA9LY ?AT !Y WI% TO UNITE ) EV]YONE ACROSS ! WORLD :O YE>N = FRE$OM FROM OPPRESSION4 ,WE PRES5T ?IS PROJECT TO S]VE AS \TREA* 9 ORD] ?AT !IR /RUGGLE MI<T CONNECT ) O!R /RUGGLES AGA9/ AU?ORIT>IANISM1 HI]>*Y1 CAPITALISM1 & RACISM4 

,E*OES ( ! ,FREE ,COMMUNE ( ,B>BA*A 

,B>BA*A IS A SMALL REGION 9 ,KABYLIA1 MADE UP ( #cd VILLAGES ) #b#g1 9HABITANTS4 ,S9CE #b#a#b1 ! PEOPLE !RE DECID$ TO =EGO HOLD+ ! RE9S ( MUNICIPAL AU?ORITY TO 9/EAD DEVELOP DIV]SE =MS ( SELF-MANAGEM5T1 NOTABLY VIA !IR ,OP5 ,G5]AL ,ASSEMBLY 7,O,G,A74 ,MAT\F ,T>LACREA WAS !RE A FEW MON?S AGO ACCOMPANI$ BY FRI5DS4 ,HE BR+S ) HIM ?IS COLLECTIVE /ORY4 

,B>BA*A--,IB]BAC5 9 ,TAMAZI<T1 ! ,B]B] LANGUAGE--IS A REGION 9 ,LITTLE ,KABYLIA1 ,ALG]IA1 SELF-MANAG$ BY ITS 9HABITANTS S9CE ! 5D ( #b#a#b4 0,B>BA*A IS JU/ A SMALL HAMLET LEFT ASIDE FROM ALL ! TREASURES ( ,ALG]IA10 SAYS ,DA ,TAIEB1 AN ELD] ( ! ,COMMUNE4 0,IT'S A POOR REGION LOCAT$ 9 A M\NTA9\S >EA4 ,WE HAVE NO TRAILS OR ROADS40 

,AS 9 O!R REGIONS1 ! PEASANTS & WORK]S ( ,B>BA*A FI<T DAY BY DAY TO LIVE A DIGNIFI$ LIFE CONFRONT$ ) ALL ! =MS ( EXPLOITATION & OPPRESSION IMPOS$ BY ! ,/ATE & CAPITALISM4 ,BUT 9 ,B>BA*A1 SOME?+ ELSE HAS ALSO CREAT$ ITSELF4 ,! #b#g1 RESID5TS ( !SE #cd VILLAGES COMPRIS+ ! POPULATION ( ,IB]BAC51 EFFECTIVELY SELF-ORGANIZ$ ?R\< ! ,OP5 ,G5]AL ,ASSEMBLY 7,O,G,A71 E/ABLI%$ A COLLECTIVELY-OCCUPI$ BUILD+4 0,9 ,B>BA*A1 WE HAVE CREAT$ ?IS H\SE TO PROTE/ AGA9/ ! SY/EM ?AT CRU%ES US 5DLESSLY4 ,! SY/EM ?AT GOV]NS US RI<T N[ IS ROTT510 SAYS ,DA ,TAIEB4 ,HE & A FEW O!RS WELCOM$ US 9 ,FEBRU>Y #bad ) !IR /ORY & %[$ US !IR >*IVES4 

,H]E >E A FEW SKET*ES ( !SE ROADS DRAWN BY ! PEOPLE ( ,B>BA*A--PA?S = ALL ?OSE :O >E FI<T+ = EMANCIPATION ALL OV] ! WORLD4 

,A ,TRADITION ( ,9SUBORD9ATION & ,AUTONOMY 

,! REGION ( ,B>BA*A HAS BE5 A SITE ( ,B]B] RESI/ANCE AGA9/ ALL COLONIZATION AS WELL AS A PLACE ( CONT9U\S BATTLES = ,TAMAZI<T CULTURE & LANGUAGE4 ,?IS HAS BE5 EMB$D$ 9 ! LONG HI/ORY ( ! /RUGGLES ( ! ,KABYLE PEOPLE = AUTONOMY & 9DEP5D5CE4 ,! REGION CULTIVATES ?IS ) ! ME?ODS ( PRACTIC+ MUTUAL AID & SOLID>ITY1 9SUBORD9ATION & 9SURRECTION ?AT >E PASS$ D[N FROM G5]ATION TO G5]ATION4 0,IT'S A MOVEM5T ?AT WAS BORN 9 #a#i#g#i4 ,& ?IS FI<T = CULTURE1 = LANGUAGE1 = EV]Y?+1 CONT9UES4 ,BECAUSE WE >E NOT .<YET.> 9DEP5D5T60 SAYS ,DA ,ELHAMID1 A WELD] 9 C5TRAL ,B>BA*A4 

,LIKE MO/ P>TS ( ,KABYLIA1 ! REGION REVOLT$ 9 #b#a4 ,AMONG :AT WAS OBTA9$ W]E CULTURAL RI<TS1 & ?OSE REVOLTS ALL[$ ! 9HABITANTS TO ELIM9ATE NUM]\S POLICE /ATIONS & G5D>M]IES.<#b.> :I* W]E OPPOS$ TO ALL =MS ( /RUGGLE & ANY AUTONOM\S SOCIAL LIFE4 

,ON TOP ( ! H>ASSM5T1 ! RACKETE]+ & ! SY/EMATIC BRUTALITIES1 ! ,ALG]IAN ,/ATE = A LONG TIME APPLI$ A /RATEGY ( T5SION BAS$ ON MURD] & CIVILIAN ABDUCTIONS AS A =M ( P]MAN5T C\NT]-9SURRECTION4 ,FAC$ ) AN EXCEPTIONAL REGIME1 ! PEOPLE DID NOT GIVE 94 ,9 #b#a1 !Y EXPELL$ ! POLICE & MILIT>Y =CES 9 ! ,B>BA*A REGION & BURN$ D[N !IR BUILD+S4 ,MABR\K1 AN ,5GLI% TEA*] 9 ! COMMUNE1 EXPLA9$ ?AT ! POPULATION WAS DO+ )\T SECURITY S]VICES = ?IRTE5 YE>S3 NO G5D>M]IE1 NO POLICE4 ,DUR+ ?OSE ?IRTE5 YE>S1 NO CRIMES OR 9FRACTIONS W]E COMMITT$4 

,AMAZI<1 A Y\? FROM ! REGION1 HAS DET]M9$ ?AT ! G5D>M]IE 0IS ( NO USE4 ,ON ! CONTR>Y1 IT OPPRESSES4 ,IT'S NOT !RE = \R SECURITY4 ,= TWELVE YE>S1 WE ORGANIZ$ \RSELVES 9 VILLAGE COMMITTEES4 ,EA* VILLAGE ASSURES ITS SECURITY BY ITS [N RESID5TS40 ,IT IS 9 ?IS COLLECTIVE SELF-DEF5SE EXP]IM5T ?AT NEW =MS ( COMMUNAL SELF-ORGANIZATION HAVE BE5 CREAT$4 ,MABR\K FUR!R EXPLA9S1 0,WE ORGANIZ$ \RSELVES4 ,EA* VILLAGE HAS SOMEONE RESPONSIBLE4 ,& ! PEOPLE ( !SE VILLAGES ORGANIZE TOGE!R4 ,IF !RE IS AN 5EMY ?AT WI%ES TO 5T]1 WE CREATE A SECURITY PO/ AT NI<T & WE ORGANIZE ) EV]YONE TO HELP 9 TEAMS40 ,HE GOES ON TO EXPLA9 ?AT AFT] F\R YE>S1 PEOPLE GOT 9 ! HABIT ( LIV+ )\T !SE SECURITY TEAMS4 0,BUT AS SOON AS !RE'S A PROBLEM1 EV]YONE WILL COME TOGE!R & ORGANIZE & FI<T40 ,9 ,B>BA*A1 !RE >E NOT EV5 ,/ATE-RUN C\RTS3 JU/ICE IS R5D]$ ON ! TRADITIONAL MODEL ( ! A>*S1 ! C\NCILS ( ! WISE4 

,! ,%UTD[N ( ! ,DAIRA.<#c.> & ,ITS ,REPLACEM5T BY ! ,OP5 ,G5]AL ,ASSEMBLY 

,! DIRECT CONFLICT ) ! ,ALG]IAN ,/ATE & ITS /RUCTURES GREW EV5 MORE DIVISIVE DUR+ ! PREP>ATION ( ! MUNICIPAL ELECTIONS ( ,NOVEMB] #b#a#b4 ,DUR+ ?IS TIME1 ! ,WALI 7GOV]NOR7 ,HEMM\ ,HM$ ,ET-,T\HAMI ACTUALLY REFUS$ TO REGI/] ! ,P,/1.<#d.> L>GELY SUPPORT$ BY ! RESID5TS ( ,B>BA*A4 ,!Y DECID$ TO FI<T SO ?AT ! ,P,/ C\LD BE REGI/]$4 ,& !Y WON ?IS CAUSE4 ,9 ! ELECTIONS ( ,NOVEMB] #b#i1 ! ,P,/ F9ALLY GOT #c#i.0 ( ! VOTE1 ) SIX \T ( FIFTE5 ELECT$4 ,CLE>LY !IR LI/ IS ! MAJORITY4 

,EXCEPT ?AT ! F\R O!R P>TIES ON ! LI/ =M$ AN ALLIANCE TO IMPOSE ANO!R MAYOR1 ,B5M$D\R ,MAHM\D1 ( ! ,R,C,D4 ,& ?IS OCCURR$ DESPITE ! EXI/5CE ( A LAW DECL>+ ?AT A LI/ ?AT HAS OBTA9$ #c#e.0 ( ! VOTE CAN NOM9ATE ! NEW MAYOR4 ,! ELECTION WAS HELD EV5 )\T ! ,P,/ MEMB] LI/ PRES5T1 :O HAD NOT EV5 BE5 NOTIFI$ ( ?IS4 ,?IS 0%AMEFUL ALLIANCE10 AS ,B>BA*A'S RESID5TS CALL$ IT1 UNIT$ ! ,R,C,D1.<#e.> ! ,F,L,N1.<#f.> & ! ,F,F,S1.<#g.> P>TIES 9ITIALLY OPPOS$ TO ONE ANO!R1 9 !IR /RUGGLE = /ATE P[]4 

,! POPULATION ( ,B>BA*A ROSE UP AGA9/ ?IS MANIPULATION4 ,!Y CLOS$ ! ,DAIRA1 !N CITY HALL1 & COLLECTIVELY REQUISITION$ ! LOCAL VILLAGE HALL 9 ORD] TO CREATE ! ,AXXAM N ,CAAB.<#h.>--! ,H\SE ( ! ,PEOPLE--:]E1 S9CE !N1 ! ,OP5 ,G5]AL ,ASSEMBLY 7,O,G,A7 ( ,B>BA*A'S VILLAGES MEET4 ,A BANN] HANGS !RE3 0,LONG LIVE ! /RUGGLE1 = ONLY /RUGGLE PAYS (F40 

,)9 ?IS ASSEMBLY1 ONLY ALCOHOL1 DRUGS1 & 0LACK ( RESPECT0 >E PROHIBIT$ BY COLLECTIVE DECISION4 ,DA ,TAIEB EXPLA9S H[ IT OP]ATES3 0,AS SOON AS !RE IS A PROBLEM1 WE MEET1 WE MAKE DECISIONS2 \R WORDS MATT]4 ,?IS IS \R /R5G?1 ! LAW ( ! PEOPLE4 .<444.> ,?IS H\SE1 WE ACQUIR$ IT ) \R COLLECTIVE P[]4 ,NO ONE CAN %UT IT D[N1 & H]E WE SPEAK ( :ATEV] WE WI% TO SPEAK (1 WE SAY :ATEV] WE WANT4 ,LETT+ ANYONE /EP ON \R TOES IS \T ( ! QUE/ION40 ,! WELD] ,DA ,ELHAMID ADDS1 0,EV]YONE HAS ! RI<T TO SPEAK4 ,& ! PEOPLE !RE >E !RE AS VOLUNTE]S4 ,?AT IS DEMOCRACY1 TRUE DEMOCRACY1 BECAUSE IT COMES FROM ! PEOPLE4 .<444.> ,WE ORGANIZE \RSELVES = M>*ES1 = CONTRIBUTIONS1 = EV]Y?+1 EV]Y?+1 EV]Y?+4 ,WE MU/ ALWAYS FI<T40 

,MABR\K1 ! ,5GLI% TEA*] 9 HIS ?IRTIES1 SPECIFIES ?AT1 0,WE FI<T AGA9/ CORRUPTION1 = ! DIGNITY ( ! PEOPLE40 ,FAC$ ) ! 0P[] ( ! ,/ATE0 :I* DESCRIBES !M AS 0A MAFIA ( Y\NG PEOPLE :O SP5D !IR NI<TS 9 A H\SE10 ,MABR\K /ATES ?AT ! PEOPLE ?AT COME TO ! ,AXXAM N ,CAAB >E 0! PEASANTS1 ! 9TELLECTUALS1 ! >TI/S40 0,IT IS A PLACE ( ONE HUNDR$ P]C5T FRE$OM3 !RE >E NO CURR5TS1 NEI!R RELIGI\S NOR POLITICAL1 9SIDE ?IS H\SE2 !RE >E NO IDEAS ( ! ,P,/ OR ANY ALLIANCES ) ! ,F,F,S1 ONLY ! IDEAS ( ! PEASANTS & ! 9HABITANTS40 

,AFT] EA* ASSEMBLY1 SOMEONE IS 9 *>GE ( WRIT+ A COMMUNIQUE ?AT IS DISPAT*$ TO PRISONS1 TO CITIZ5S1 & PO/$ ON ALL ! WALLS ( ! COMMUNE4 ,IT IS EV5 S5T TO ! SECURITY S]VICES1 0,BECAUSE WE DON'T DO ?IS BEH9D CLOS$ DOORS60 SAYS ,MABR\K4 

,AN EXC]PT ( ! V]Y FIR/ BULLET9 ( ! ,O,G,A1 BROADCA/$ & PO/$ 9 ! VILLAGES ( ! COMMUNE /ATES3 

,WE CITIZ5S1 ! M5 & WOM5 ( ! ,COMMUNE ( ,B>BA*A1 ORGANIZ$ AS AN ,OP5 ,G5]AL ,ASSEMBLY1 /RONGLY REAFFIRM \R REJECTION ( ,DAHO ,\LD ,KABLIA'S.<#i.> 9/RUCTION :I* OP5S ! PA? TO CLI5TELISM1 & WE CONSID] ! 9/ALLATION ( ! PSEUDO-MAYOR BY DECREE ( ! ,WALI ( ,BGAYET 7,PREFECT ( ,BEJAIA7 DAT$ ,DECEMB] #a#g1 #b#a#b1 TO BE ANNULL$ & 9VALIDAT$4 .<444.> ,FUR!RMORE1 WE HOLD ! PUBLIC P[]S & ?OSE ELECT$ 9 ! SO-CALL$ COALITION RESPONSIBLE = ! DECAY ( ?IS SITUATION 7BLOCKAD+ ! ,DAIRA & CITY HALL1 ! TREATM5T ( COMMUNAL WORK]S1 ETC474 ,WE RES]VE ! RI<T TO CREATE L>GE-SCALE ACTIONS4 .<444.> ,L,O,N,G ,L,I,V,E ,! ,W,I,L,L ,( ,! ,P,E,O,P,L,E6 ,/,A,Y ,9 ,S,O,L,I,D,>,I,T,Y6 ,L,O,N,G ,L,I,V,E ,! ,/,R,U,G,G,L,E6 

--,COMMUNIQUE ,NO4 #a ( ! ,OP5 ,G5]AL ,ASSEMBLY ( ! ,RESID5TS ( ,IB]BAC51 ,DECEMB] #b#f1 #b#a#b4 

,LITTLE BY LITTLE1 ! ,OP5 ,G5]AL ,ASSEMBLY ( ! RESID5TS ( ,B>BA*A HAS REPLAC$ ! C5TRALIZ$ & AU?ORIT>IAN MANAGEM5T ( CITY HALL4 ,AT FIR/ LIMIT+ ITSELF TO ! /RUGGLE AGA9/ ! ,/ATE1 IT EXT5DS ITSELF1 LITTLE BY LITTLE1 TO DIFF]5T DOMA9S ( COLLECTIVE LIFE4 ,A PA? TO ! BASICS HAS AN*OR$ 9 A UNIQUE HI/ORY4 

,! ,AUTONOMY ( ,/RUGGLE & ! ,/RUGGLE = ,AUTONOMY 

,IT'S 9 ?IS BATTLE AGA9/ ! 9/ALLATION ( A FRAUDUL5T MAYOR BY ! ,/ATE & ! BIG POLITICAL P>TIES ?AT ! ,COMMUNE ( ,B>BA*A CREATES SELF-ORGANIZATION4 ,:ILE ! SW9DL] MAYOR TRIES TO SETTLE 9 ! ,P,C,A 7! ,PEOPLE'S ,COMMUNAL ,ASSEMBLY1 ,ASSEMBLEE POPULAIRE COMMUNALE1 OR 0CITY HALL071 ACCOMPANI$ BY AN ATTORNEY G5]AL1 A CR[D ASSEMBLES A FIR/ TIME TO PREV5T ACCESS4 ,RESOLUTELY DET]M9$ TO SOLVE ! PROBLEM1 ! RESID5TS DECIDE TO BLOCK ALL ACCESS TO CITY HALL4 ,HUNDR$S ( !M1 9CLUD+ ACTIVI/S FROM ! ,F,F,S & ! ,R,C,D1 9 DISAGREEM5T ) ! ELECT$ P>TIES1 MOBILIZE DAY & NI<T1 OCCUPY+ & BLOCK+ ALL MUNICIPAL S]VICES 7! REGI/RY (FICE1 ETC47 & PROHIBIT ! SLI<TE/ MEET+ ( !SE ELECT$ PUPPETS4 

0,! 9T]E/S ( ! ,COMMUNE1 :I* IS 9 A /ATE ( /AGNATION1 COME BE=E ALL O!R 9T]E/S1 & \R 9T]E/ TODAY IS TO PLACE ,B>BA*A BACK ON TRACK2 ?IS CAN ONLY HAPP5 BY ! RESIGNATION ( ALL ELECT$ (FICIALS10 ANN\NCES ! SECOND ,COMMUNIQUE ( ! ,O,G,A 7,DECEMB] #c1 #b#a#b74 ,COMMUNIQUE ,NO4 #c PO9TS \T ! /RATEGIES ( ROTT5NESS EX]CIS$ BY ! ,/ATE AGA9/ ! POPULATION TO CREATE DIVISIONS AMONG ?OSE MOBILIZ$ AGA9/ !M4 ,?IS TEXT CALLS = ! DISSOLUTION ( ! ,P,C,A1 ! NOM9ATION ( A TEMPOR>Y LEAD] ( ! ,DAIRA TO MANAGE ADM9I/RATIVE AFFAIRS1 & A RALLY = ,JANU>Y #e AT ! HEADQU>T]S ( ! ,WILAYAH ( ,BEJAIA4 ,! ASSEMBLY SIGN$ (F1 0,TO ! PEOPLES & POPULATIONS ( ! WORLD FI<T+ = REAL SOV]EIGNTY3 MAY ! YE> #bac BE A GOOD & HAPPY ONE ( SOLID>ITY /RUGGLES & ALL ?AT CAN BE GA9$ FROM !M60 

,TO GET TO ,BEJAIA FROM ,B>BA*A1 IT'S AB\T #d KILOMET]S 7#b#e MILES74 ,NOT EXACTLY NEXT DOOR4 ,! DEMON/RATION ( ,JANU>Y #e1 #bac NEV]!LESS UNITES OV] A ?\S& PEOPLE4 ,! PROTE/]S BLOCK ! MA9 ROAD LEAD+ TO ,BEJAIA TO DEM& ! ORGANIZATION ( NEW ELECTIONS4 ,?IS DEMON/RATION M>KS ! EFFECTIVE 9VOLVEM5T ( ! RESID5TS ( O!R COMMUNES 9 O!R ,WILAYAHS4 ,A SOLID>ITY EV5 MORE VALUABLE EM]GES KN[+ ?AT LEGAL PROCE$+S W\LD BE *>G$ AGA9/ MILITANTS ACCUS$ ( BLOCK+ CITY HALL4 

,COMMUNIQUE ,NO4 #d %[S ?AT 9 ! SPACE ( AUTONOM\S /RUGGLES1 !RE EM]GE NEW =MS ( COLLECTIVE ORGANIZATION3 

,9 DETAIL+ ITS DURATIONS ( BATTLES1 ! ,G5]AL ,ASSEMBLY 7,G,A7 MADE ! FOLL[+ PROPOSITIONS3 

,! RE9=CEM5T ( ITS SELF-ORGANIZATION BY ! 9TEGRATION ( MORE DELEGATES & VOLUNTE]S ( ALL VILLAGES BY !IR DI/RIBUTION 9TO COMMISSIONS ACCORD+ TO ! TASKS IT HAS ACCOMPLI%$ & ! DEM&S TO /OP & TAKE *>GE2.<#a.> 

,AN IMPROV$ ORGANIZATION ( VOLUNTE] ACTIONS CONC]N+ VIGILANCE & SECURITY AS WELL AS TRA% COLLECTION1 P>TICUL>LY >\ND ,SUQ N ,TLATA2 

,TAK+ *>GE ( REPAIRS 9 DIFF]5T SECTORS3 ! SUPPLY ( DR9K+ WAT]1 SANITATION1 PUBLIC LI<T+1 ETC42 

,SCI5TIFIC & CULTURAL ACTIVITY 9 ORGANIZ+ NI<TLY FE/IVITIES AFT] ! ,G,A'S TASKS >E COMPLET$2 

,QU>ANT9+ ?OSE ELECT$ BY ! %AMEFUL ALLIANCE1 REQUIR+ ?AT !Y RESIGN )9 #bd H\RS1 ! D5UNCIATION ( !IR SPONSORS & SUPPORT AS WELL AS ALL P>TICIPANTS 9 ! V>I\S ATTEMPTS AT MANIPULATION 9 ! 9/RUM5TALIZATION & 9TIMIDATION ( HI< S*OOL 7& O!R7 /UD5TS & COMMUNAL WORK]S2 

,! CON/RUCTION ( A G5]AL /RIKE & O!R L>GE-SCALE ACTIONS4 

,!RE=E1 ! ,G5]AL ,ASSEMBLY IS NOT JU/ AN ORGANIZATION = /RUGGLE & RESI/ANCE4 ,IT HAS BECOME AN EV]YDAY MEET+ PLACE & TAKES *>GE ( V>I\S ASPECTS 9 ! MA9T5ANCE ( ! COMMUNE3 TRA% COLLECTION1 ! DI/RIBUTION ( FUEL = S*OOLS1 CLEAN+1 ETC4 ,MABR\K SPOKE ALSO AB\T H[ ! EMPLOYES ( ! ,PEOPLE'S ,COMMUNAL ,ASSEMBLY 7,P,C,A7 HADN'T BE5 PAID 9 F\R MON?S3 0,!SE >E PEOPLE :O HAVE F\R1 FIVE1 OR SIX *ILDR54 ,9 ORD] TO TAKE C>E ( !M !SE PA/ F\R MON?S1 WE ORGANIZ$ TOGE!R TO F9D MONEY & FOOD1 TO RESPOND TO !IR NE$S444 ,9 ADDITION1 WE HELP ! SICK :O MAY BE 9 NE$ ( PASSPORTS TO TRAVEL TO ,FRANCE OR ,BELGIUM = HEAL?C>E1 & WE TAKE C>E ( ?AT = !M4 ,WE ALSO DO ! SAME = ! MA9T5ANCE ( S*OOLS1 SUPPLY+ !M ) FUEL & SUPPLY+ !IR CAFET]IAS40 ,SOME BUS9ESS [N]S & RESID5TS EV5 CONTRIBUT$ TO F9ANCE C]TA9 PROJECTS4 ,MABR\K REC\NTS3 0,?IS IS H[ WE'VE WORK$ FROM !N UNTIL TODAY4 ,WE HAVE ASSEMBLIES ALL ! TIME1 WE WORK 9 SOLID>ITY4 ,WE WANT A ,P,C,A ( ! PEOPLE1 NOT A ,P,C,A ( P[]40 

,?IS COLLECTIVE H&L+ ( ! ORGANIZATION ( ! COMMUNE LEADS TO A =M ( REVOLUTION>Y RADICALISM4 ,9 ITS 0,OP5 ,LETT] TO ,EV]YONE0 DAT$ ,JANU>Y #b#b1 #b#a#c1 ! ,O,G,A ANN\NCES3 

,WE WILL SP>E NO EF=T TO BUILD ANY BRIDGES NECESS>Y TO EXP& \R MOVEM5T TO ALL ! ,ALG]IAN PEOPLE = A G5U9E EMANCIPATORY SOCIAL REVOLUTION TO F$]ATE \R MULTIPLE DISCONT5TS1 OH SO LEGITIMATE1 & ALL ( \R ACTIONS4 ,9 ,SIDI ,BUZID1 IT WAS A SUICIDE4 ,9 ,B>BA*A1 IT WAS A RAY ( HOPE ?AT %9$ ?R\<4 

,JANU>Y #b#f1 #b#a#c3 ! SIX LEGITIMATELY ELECT$ MEMB]S ( ! ,P,/ & ! ,N,R,D 7,RASSEMBLEM5T NATIONAL DEMOCRATIQUE.<#a#a.>7 RESIGN$ & GAVE !IR P[] ( ATTORNEY TO ! ,ASSEMBLY TO MOVE T[>D ! DISSOLUTION ( ! ,P,C,A & TO PROVOKE NEW ELECTIONS4 ,! ,ASSEMBLY ALSO DECID$ TO DEM& ! RESIGNATION ( ! 5TIRE PREFECTURE4 ,9 ITS ,COMMUNIQUE ,NO4 #f ( ,JANU>Y #b#i1 #b#a#c1 IT CALLS ON ! 5TIRE POPULATION ( ,B>BA*A & 0EV]Y P]SON CONV9C$ ( ! JU/NESS ( \R BATTLE1 :]EV] !Y MAY BE0 TO /AGE A G5]AL /RIKE ON COMMUNE T]RITORY ON ,JANU>Y #c#a1 ) 0! %UTD[N ( ALL ACCESS FROM MIDNI<T TO #d PM40 ,! COMMUNIQUE 5DS1 0,LONG LIVE ! PEOPLE1 ORGANIZ$ & CONSCI\S4 ,LONG LIVE ! PEOPLE'S SOLID>ITY4 ,WE >E MOV+ =W>D40 

,BUT ON ,JANU>Y #c1 ! ,F,L,N BUILD+ IS BURN$ D[N4 ,CLAIM+ !IR /RATEGY TO BE 0PEACEFUL10 ! ,O,G,A CONDEMNS ?IS ACTION :I* IT SEES AS PROVOCATION FROM ! ,/ATE TO JU/IFY ITS REPRESSION4 ,COMMUNIQUE ,NO4 #g ( ,JANU>Y #c1 #bac PROCLAIMS3 

,WE >E TELL+ ALL ,HAMHAMI/S1.<#a#b.> 5EMIES ( ! PEOPLE AT ! BOTTOM ( SOCIETY1 ?AT !SE K9DS ( ACTS WILL ONLY RE9=CE \R DET]M9ATION TO FI<T Y\1 Y\ & Y\R SPONSORS1 UNTIL VICTORY4 ,\R BATTLE IS NEI!R TRIBAL NOR 9DIVIDUALI/IC4 ,IT IS A REAL CLASS /RUGGLE ?AT />T$ 9 ,B>BA*A4 ,IT IS ! WILL ( ! PEOPLE AGA9/ ! WILL ( B\RGEOIS & MAFIA P[] ?AT1 9/EAD ( S]V+ ! PEOPLE AT ! BOTTOM ( SOCIETY1 (F] !MSELVES AS S]VANTS TO GLOBAL & IMP]IALI/ CAPITALISM4 

,! EXCEPTIONAL REGIME APPLI$ = SO LONG 9 ,KABYLIA & ! REGIMES ( REPRESSIVE T]ROR DEPLOY$ DUR+ ! ,B]B] ,SPR+S & ! #a#i#i'S BO? LEFT P]MAN5T SC>S ON ! RELATION%IPS 9 ,ALG]IANS' MOVEM5TS REG>D+ ! USE ( VIOL5CE4 ,9 ,B>BA*A1 ! MAJORITY ( ! POPULATION--:I* P>TICIPAT$ 9 ! BURN+ D[N ( A POLICE /ATION ?IRTE5 YE>S E>LI] .<9 #b#a.>--SEEMS TO PREF] OCCUPATIONS & BLOCKADES ( BUILD+S1 ROADS1 OR T[NS AS WELL AS MASS M>*ES & G5]AL /RIKES4 ,BUT 9 ! DEBATE BETWE5 ! RESID5TS 7:I* WE ATT5D$71 ! P>TISANS ( >M$ 9SURRECTION1 AL?\< 9 A M9ORITY1 >E NOT /IGMATIZ$ OR CA/ ASIDE2 !Y >E RESPECT$ 9 !IR P]SPECTIVES & >E 9TEGRAT$ 9TO ! /RUGGLE4 ,IT SEEMS !RE IS A PR$OM9ANT WILL TO M9IMIZE EMPLOY+ ACTS ( VIOL5CE ! MORE CO-OPT$ !Y CAN BE BY P[] & ! MORE USEFUL !Y C\LD BE TO JU/IFY ! REMILIT>IZATION ( ! T]RITORY1 :ILE COMPLETELY UND]TAK+ ALL =MS ( (F5SIVE DIRECT ACTION :5 ! SITUATION NECESSITATES IT4 ,= EXAMPLE1 A Y\NG AN>*I/ 9 ,B>BA*A :O IS V]Y 9VOLV$ 9 ! ,ASSEMBLY PREF]S :AT HE CALLS 0NONVIOL5CE10 & SAYS1 0EV5 9 MY 9T]V5TIONS )9 ! MOVEM5T1 ,I DEF5D ! IDEA ( SOMETIMES UTILIZ+ VIOL5CE1 SU* AS1 = EXAMPLE1 BURN+ ! BALLOTS NEXT ,APRIL #ag .<! DATE ( ! PRESID5TIAL ELECTIONS.>4 ,I SEE ALL ! PSY*OLOGICAL SC>S ( PA/ MOVEM5TS1 LIKE ! EV5TS ( #b#a4 ,JU/ SEE+ A G5D>ME MAKES US WANT TO BURN EV]Y?+ D[N40 ,9 ,B>BA*A1 !SE DEBATES SEEM TO UPLIFT ! MOVEM5T RA!R ?AN DIVID+ IT4 

,! G5]AL /RIKE ( ,JANU>Y #c#a1 #bac IS A SUCCESS4 ,DUR+ ! POPUL> MEET+ AT ! 5D ( ! DAY1 MU* ( ! POPULATION DECIDES TO ORGANIZE A M>* & !N A SIT-9 9 FRONT ( ! ,WILAYAH ( ,BEJAIA ON ,FEBRU>Y #c4 ,! ,O,G,A ADDS 0A MORE RADICAL ACTION1 NAMELY ! BLOCK+ ( /REET TRAFFIC ACCESS TO BO? 5TRANCES ( ,BEJAIA40 ,BO? ( !SE ACTIONS >E MASSIVELY IMPLEM5T$1 BUT !Y DON'T SUFFICE = ! ,PREFECTURE TO GIVE 94 ,9 ,COMMUNIQUE ,NO4 #i ( ,FEBRU>Y #d1 #b#a#c1 ! ,ASSEMBLY SPEAKS ( ! RISK ( A 0FRATRICIDAL BLOODBA? AMONG ,B>BA*A RESID5TS0 IF ! DEM&S ( ! POPULATION >E NOT MET4 ,FAC$ ) ! 0MASQU]ADES0 ( A P[] ?AT'S ATTEMPT+ TO CRIM9ALIZE !M1 !Y BECOME FROM !N ON AN ORGAN ( PEOPLE'S SELF-MANAGEM5T4 

,\R MOVEM5T IS JEAL\S ( ITS [N 9DEP5D5CE4 ,IT IS ABOVE ALL P>TIES & ALL P>TISAN LOGIC4 ,WE PRON\NCE \R DECISIONS 9 TOTAL DEMOCRACY 7DIRECT1 WE %\LD SAY7 9 AN ,OP5 ,G5]AL ,ASSEMBLY ?AT WE HAVE ADOPT$ AS A POPUL> COMMITM5T TO \R CONSCI\S ORGANIZATION4 .<444.> ,WE =BID Y\ TO JUDGE \R ME?OD ( /RUGGLE4 ,WE HAVE ALREADY DECL>$ ?AT WE HAVE PASS$ ! /AGE ( RIOT+4 ,\R MOVEM5T IS HI<LY PEACEFUL & ( AN EXEMPL>Y MATURITY4 

,ON ,FEBRU>Y #a#a1 ! M9ORITY OPPON5TS ( ! ,O,G,A TRY AGA9 TO 5T] ! ,P,C,A TO RE9/ALL ! 0,MAFIOSO0 MAYOR1 BUT !Y >E /OPP$ BY ! LOCAL POPULATION BLOCK+ ACCESS TO CITY HALL4 ,9 RESPONSE1 ! ,ASSEMBLY CALLS = A NEW GA!R+ 9 FRONT ( ! ,WILAYAH ON ,FEBRU>Y #a#g4 ,! ,WILAYAH'S ADM9I/RATOR AGREES TO MEET ) ! REPRES5TATIVES ( ! ,O,G,A & ! ,P,/4 ,DUR+ ?IS MEET+1 ! DECISION IS MADE TO REOP5 ! ,DAIRA1 BUT )\T ITS (FICIAL LEAD]1 & CONF] LIMIT$ ADM9I/RATIVE P[]S TO ! ,G5]AL ,SECRET>Y ( ! ,DAIRA1 ,T\FIK ,ADNANE4 ,HE IS 9 *>GE ( ! ,ASSEMBLY'S MANAGEM5T ( ! 0CURR5T AFFAIRS ( ! COMMUNE10 MEAN+ MA9LY ADM9I/RATIVE RECORDS1 ! PAYM5T ( MUNICIPAL EMPLOYES AS WELL AS ! DELIV]ANCE ( BIR? & DEA? C]TIFICATES 7:I* ! POPULATION NE$S TO PROCLAIM ITS RI<TS74 ,9 CONSEQU5CE1 ! REPRES5TATIVES ( ! ,O,G,A DECIDE TO CANCEL ! RALLY S*$UL$ = ,FEBRU>Y #a#g4 ,BUT !Y PLAN A NEW 0PEACEFUL0 M>* & 5CAMPM5T 9 FRONT ( ! ,WILAYAH'S HEADQU>T]S ON ,M>* #b#d4 

,?AT ,SUNDAY1 ,M>* #b#d1 M>KS A TURN+ PO9T4 ,FAC$ ) #b DEMON/RATORS BLOCK+ ! HEADQU>T]S ( ! ,WILAYAH ( ,BEJAIA1 ! ,WALI CALLS ON RIOT POLICE :O 9T]V5E ) EXTREME BRUTALITY1 9JUR+ MANY PEOPLE--ONE Y\NG DEMON/RATOR EV5 HAS BO? LEGS BROK54 

,TW5TY-F\R PEOPLE >E >RE/$1 9CLUD+ ,SADEQ ,AKR\R1 ! ,P,/ MAYOR1 :O IS RELEAS$--) B&AGES >\ND HIS HEAD FROM ! BEAT+S--AFT] #bd H\RS FROM ! PRESSURE & ACCLAMATIONS ( HUNDR$S ( PEOPLE ?AT CAME TO WAIT = HIS RELEASE4 ,ON ,M>* #b#e1 ! ,O,G,A ANN\NCES A NEW G5]AL /RIKE 9 ,B>BA*A TO PICK UP ! COMRADES ?AT W]E >RE/$ ! DAY BE=E 9 ,BEJAIA4 

,EMOTIONS RUN HI< 9 ,KABYLIA AS !Y DO 9 ! 5TIRE C\NTRY4 ,ESPECIALLY S9CE DUR+ ?IS TIME NEWS HAS SPREAD ( ! GOV]NM5T'S USE ( POLICE =CE AGA9/ ! DEMON/RATIONS ( UNEMPLOY$ WORK]S 9 ! S\?4 0,?IS IS H[1 :ILE /RUGGL+ = ! UNCONDITIONAL LIB]ATION ( \R SIX COMRADES UND] JUDICIAL CONTROL1 IT IS N[ MORE URG5T ?AN EV] TO F9D NEW ME?ODS ( /RUGGLE 9 ORD] TO PREVAIL ) ! SUCCESS ( ! SO-CALL$ PR9CIPAL DEM&S10 /ATES ,COMMUNIQUE ,NO4 #b ( ,M>* #b#f4 

,! MOBILIZATION DOES NOT WEAK54 ,ON ,SUNDAY1 ,M>* #c#a1 HUNDR$S ( ,B>BA*A'S RESID5TS DEMON/RATE AGA9 9 FRONT ( ! C\RT ( ,BEJAIA :]E SIX ( !IR [N >E S*$UL$ TO APPE> = A HE>+4 ,!Y DEM& ALL LEGAL PROCE$+S BE SUSP5D$4 ,!Y ALSO ANN\NCE NATIONAL ACTIONS = UPCOM+ DAYS TO IMPOSE ! DISSOLUTION ( ! MUNICIPAL C\NCIL & TO DEM& NEW ELECTIONS4 ,! ,O,G,A CALLS = A G5]AL /RIKE 9 ,B>BA*A & A GA!R+ 9 FRONT ( ,BEJAIA'S C\R?\SE ON ,APRIL #i1 ! TRIAL DATE ( ! #bd >RE/$4 ,MORE ?AN A ?\S& DEMON/RATORS RALLY 9 FRONT ( ! C\RT TO PROTE/ & ! G5]AL /RIKE IS MASSIVELY UND]TAK54 

,ALL ?IS PU%ES ! POPULATION TO FUR!R DEVELOP ME?ODS ( SELF-ORGANIZATION4 ,COMMUNIQUE ,NO4 #bc ( ,APRIL #a#a1 #bac /ATES3 

,! PA? IS /ILL LONG & DIFFICULT4 ,!RE=E1 ! RE9=CEM5T ( ! SELF-ORGANIZATION ( ! POPULATION MU/ BE \R P]MAN5T TASK3 IT IS NECESS>Y TO /R5G!N ! CURR5T VILLAGE COMMITTEES & CREATE NEW ONES 9 VILLAGES & NEI<BORHOODS NOT YET ORGANIZ$4 ,BECAUSE ! RELATIVE RETURN ( ! MA9T5ANCE ( ! ,DAIRA & ,CITY ,HALL CON/ITUTES AN IMPORTANT /EP 9 \R FI<T1 ! REAL DEVELOPM5T ( \R ,COMMUNE MU/ BE \R /RATEGIC OBJECTIVE4 .<444.> ,!SE >E \R TRUE BATTLES3 ! ,BUAMRAN M9E1 ! M9I-DAMS1 T[N FUEL RES\RCES1 ! HI< S*OOL1 ! ,C,E,M ( ,TIBKIRT1 ,R,N #g#e1 .<#a#c.> ! ,COMMUNE'S & ,WILAYAH'S ROADS1 TELEPHONE & 9T]NET S]VICES1 MA*9ES1 AGRICULTURE & =E/RY1 Y\? & LEISURE1 ETC4 ,A TRUE SYN]GY ( ! PEOPLE AT ! BOTTOM ( SOCIETY IS MORE ?AN 9DISP5SABLE TO MOVE =W>D & SUCCE$ ) ?IS PROJECT4 

,APRIL #ai & #b1 #b#a#c1 ! ,ASSEMBLY IS 9 *>GE ( ORGANIZ+ ! FE/IVITIES COMMEMORAT+ ! ,B]B] ,SPR+S ( #aiha & #b#a4 ,IT IS 9 ?IS CONTEXT ?AT ! IDEA EM]GES & GA9S MOM5TUM ?AT A PEOPLE'S ASSEMBLY IS ! BE/ & MO/ LEGITIMATE MEANS TO SOLVE ! PROBLEMS ( ! 9HABITANTS & COLLECTIVELY IMPROVE !IR LIVES4 ,9 !IR ,COMMUNIQUE ,NO4 #bf ( ,MAY #b#a#c1 ! ,O,G,A /ATES ?AT IT'S CONV9C$ ?AT ! NOM9ATION ( ! ,G5]AL ,SECRET>Y TO MANAGE ! ,DAIRA DOES NOT BR+ DESIR$ SOLUTIONS = ! POPULATION4 ,! ,ASSEMBLY ALSO D5\NCES 0ALL T5TATIVE DESIRE TO REHABILITATE ! MAYOR ( ! ALLIANCE & HIS TEAM 9 ORD] TO PUT !M 9 COMM& ( \R GLORI\S COMMUNE40 ,RI<TFULLY1 ON ,MAY #b#b1 ,MOHAM$ ,B5M$D\R1 HIS TEAM1 & ! MEMB]S ( ! 0ALLIANCE0 TRI$ ONCE AGA9 TO 5T] CITY HALL4 ,BUT !Y W]E AGA9 PU%$ \T BY ! CR[D4 ,H[EV]1 ! ,ASSEMBLY DECID$ 9 FAVOR ( A CONCESSION3 ! REOP5+ ( CITY HALL4 ,?IS IS AS MU* AB\T MANAG+ 0CURR5T AFFAIRS0 AS MU* AS IT IS ( 0! CRITICS40 

,DUR+ ! SUMM]1 ! ,WILAYAH BLOCKS ALL P[] ( SIGNATURE FROM ! ,G5]AL ,SECRET>Y--! ONLY F9ANCES IT LEAVES AT HIS DISPOSABLE >E = 0A CLOSURE10 DE/9$ TO PROTECT ! ,DAIRA AS WELL AS ! MEANS TO RE9/ALL ! G5D>M]IE4 ,! ,G5]AL ,ASSEMBLY *ALL5GES ! UNWILL+NESS ( ! ,WILAYAH1 /RESS+ ! FACT ?AT ! POPULATION HAS ACCEPT$ MAK+ CONCESSIONS 7NOTABLY1 ! REOP5+ ( CITY HALL74 ,9 ! 0,APPEAL ( ,SEPTEMB] #b#a10 ! ,O,G,A ?US D5\NCES3 ! R$UCTION ( COMMUNAL S]VICES TO A /RICT M9IMUM2 ! FACT ?AT COMMUNAL WORK]S W]E RECEIV+ !IR PAYM5TS BIT BY BIT1 &1 IF !Y'RE LUCKY 5\< TO RECEIVE !M1 MON?S LATE2 ! REFUSAL ( ! ,WILAYAH TO APPROVE ! BUDGET ( #bac 7:I* /IFLES ! COMMUNAL TREASURY72 ! %UTD[N ( ALL CON/RUCTION SITES1 ESPECIALLY ( ! LOCAL HI< S*OOL2 ! 5D ( ! S*OOL BUS S]VICE 7! BUS DRIV]S HAVE NOT BE5 PAID & NEI!R HAVE ANY ( ! SUPPLI]S = ! S*OOL'S CAFET]IA7 & ! 0SQUATT+ ( ! LOCAL COMMUNE BY ! G5D>M]IE40 

,F9ALLY1 AFT] A LONG WAIT1 ON ,OCTOB] #a1 ! ,G5]AL ,SECRET>Y IS AU?ORIZ$ BY ! ,M9I/] ( ,9T]IOR TO DIVIDE ! BUDGET & PAY ! COMMUNE'S EMPLOYES4 ,BUT DUR+ ! 5TIRE FALL ( #b#a#c1 ! 0%AMEFUL ALLIANCE0 TRIES MANY TIMES TO GET BACK 9TO CITY HALL4 ,EA* TIME1 ! PEOPLE ( ,B>BA*A1 UNIT$ & DET]M9$1 PREV5T !M4 ,TO PRES5T !IR DISCONT5T AB\T ! 9/ALLATION ( ! MAYOR1 A L>GE POPUL> MEET+ IS ORGANIZ$ ON ,NOVEMB] #b#i1 #b#a#c4 ,A ?\S& RESID5TS P>TICIPAT$1 VOT+ BY A %[ ( H&S AGA9/ ! %AMEFUL ALLIANCE4 0,( ! MORE ?AN ONE ?\S& PEOPLE RESPOND+ TO \R CALL1 ONLY ?REE H&S W]E RAIS$ 7ONE IRONICALLY7 9 APPROVAL ( ! 9/ALLATION ( ! 9FAM\S MAYOR ( ! ,R,C,D-,F,L,N-,F,F,S %AMEFUL ALLIANCE1 ,MOHAMM$ ',MAHM\D' ,B5M$D\R1 :OM WE HAD G5]\SLY 9VIT$ TO SPEAK4 ,IT WAS AN AU!NTIC REF]5DUM WOR?Y ( A REAL PEOPLE'S DIRECT DEMOCRACY1 UNKN[N ANY:]E ELSE10 /AT$ ,COMMUNIQUE ,NO4 #cb ( ,DECEMB] #f1 #b#a#c4 

,! /RUGGLE DOESN'T BUDGE4 ,H[EV]1 ! DEM&S DIRECT$ TO ! ,/ATE & PUBLIC P[]S = ! %UTT+ D[N ( JUDICI>Y PURSUITS1 ! DISSOLUTION ( ! ,P,C,A1 & ! FUNDS DE/9$ TO DEVELOP ! COMMUNE >E ALL UNSUCCESSFUL4 ,MORE RADICAL P]SPECTIVES EM]GE AMONG ! POPULATION4 

,& ,:AT IF ! ,PEOPLE'S ,ASSEMBLY ,COMPLETELY ,REPLAC$ ,CITY ,HALL8 

,! BATTLE = NEW ELECTIONS & TO E/ABLI% A 0LEGITIMATE0 CITY HALL COMES ) NUM]\S CONCESSIONS4 ,IT BEG9S ) ! RETURN ( ! G5D>M]IE1 AL?\< IT W\LD BE KEPT \T ( ! COMMUNE & WILL AVOID ALL CONFLICT4 ,MABR\K SAYS ?AT ! ,/ATE JU/IFIES ! RE9/ALLATION ( ! G5D>M]IE AS A MEASURE TO PROTECT ! POPULATION AGA9/ 0T]RORISM40 ,ADDITIONALLY1 ,DA ,ELHAMID TELLS US ?AT NOT V]Y LONG AGO1 ! G5D>MES W\LD HAVE >RE/$ US = HAV+ \R DISCUSSION4 0,NO?+ HAS *ANG$1 IT'S /ILL ! SAME SY/EM4 ,BECAUSE EV5 ! G5D>MES .<MI<T AS WELL BE.> COLONIAL G5D>MES10 HE SAYS4 

,! RE9/ALLATION ( ! G5D>M]IE IS NOT ! ONLY CONCESSION4 ,! RESID5TS ?AT >E 9 FAVOR ( HAV+ NEW ELECTIONS PLAN ALSO TO GIVE ! ,H\SE ( ! ,PEOPLE BACK TO ! ,P,C,A AS A MEASURE ( GOODWILL4 ,?IS IS SUMM>IZ$ 9 ,COMMUNIQUE ,NO4 #c3 

,IF ! LOGIC ( APPEASEM5T & ADVANCEM5T MOVES T[>D ! F9AL UNBLOCK+ ( ?IS CONFLICT1 & ! RETURN ( ! MEET+ PLACE 7! ,AXXAM N ,CAAB7 TO ! ,COMMUNE 7NOBODY QUE/IONS ITS *>ACT] AS A COMMUNAL GOOD7 CAN HELP RE9=CE ?IS DYNAMIC1 WE >E READY = ?IS4 ,H[EV]1 ! PUBLIC P[]S MU/ KN[ ?AT IT'S BECAUSE ( ?IS MEET+ PLACE ?AT ! MOVEM5T HAS REMA9$ PEACEFUL & REF9$ 9 WISE JUDGM5T4 ,9 ANY CASE1 ! ,G5]AL ,SECRET>Y WAS ALL[$ TO USE IT :5EV] ! NECESSITY >OSE4 ,BY DEFAULT1 EA* ONE ( US WILL ASSUME RESPONSIBILITIES4 .<444.> ,WE >E NEI!R T]RORI/S NOR >E WE C[>DS4 ,WE >E ! PLANN]S ( ADV5TURES & >E CONSCI\SLY ORGANIZ$ ) ! S+LE GOAL ( ALL[+ \R COMMUNE TO HAVE ITS P>T 9 DEVELOPM5T & ?AT \R PR\D PEOPLE HAVE ! MEANS TO ASSUME !IR FULL DUTY TO CONTRIBUTE TO ! V]ITABLE LIB]ATION ( \R DE> C\NTRY1 ,ALG]IA1 & SO ?AT IT CAN CONTRIBUTE TO ! CON/RUCTION ( A UNIV]SAL PROJECT ?AT CAN LIB]ATE ALL ( HUMANITY4 

,A CITY HALL1 EV5 IF IT'S F>-LEFT & S9C]ELY 5GAG$ ) ITS RESID5TS1 CANNOT DO ANY?+ ?AT CAN RADICALLY *ANGE ! LIVES ( PEOPLE4 ,IT W\LD REMA9 A MANAG]1 A HI]>*Y1 A L9K 9 ! NETWORK ( ! P[]S ( ! /ATE & CAPITAL4 ,IT MAY REPRES5T ! PEOPLE1 BUT IT IS NOT ! PEOPLE4 ,MAYOR ,SADDEK ,AKR\R SUMM>IZ$ ! ROLE ATTRIBUT$ BY ! /ATE TO ! ,P,/ :ILE 9 (FICE DUR+ ! PREC$+ M&ATE3 0,WE SUDD5LY F\ND \RSELVES 9 A FE$BACK LOOP ( PUBLIC F9ANCES BETWE5 OIL PR(ITS & PRIVATE 5T]PRISES40.<#a#d.> ,9 ?IS CONTEXT1 & S9CE ! BASIC DEM&S = ! ECONOMIC DEVELOPM5T ( ! COMMUNE W]E NOT C>RI$ \T1 A GR[+ NUMB] ( ! RESID5TS >E CONSCI\S ( ! FACT ?AT ! ,ASSEMBLY %\LD NOT JU/ BE R$UC$ TO A TOOL ONLY = /RUGGLE1 BUT ?AT IT C\LD BECOME A /RUCTURE ( POLITICAL1 ECONOMIC1 & P]MAN5T SOCIAL SELF-ORGANIZATION4 

,BY ! 5D ( ! MON? ( ,DECEMB] #b#a#c1 ! /ATE /ILL HAD NOT SATISFI$ ! DEM&S ?AT ! ,O,G,A HAD PRES5T$ 9 EX*ANGE = ! RETURN ( ! LEAD] ( ! ,DAIRA4 ,?OSE 9 ! CAMP ?AT ?9K ?AT ! ,PEOPLE'S ,ASSEMBLY %\LD COMPLETELY REPLACE ALL =MS ( ,/ATE P[] >E AGA9 REASSUR$4 ,DA ,TAIEB1 :OM WE MEET 9 ,FEBRU>Y #b#a#d1 SUMS UP HIS /RATEGY4 0,WE HAVE TO COMPLETELY DE/ROY ! ,ALG]IAN SY/EM4 ,IT'S NOT JU/ AB\T ,B\TEFLIKA1.<#a#e.> HIS M9I/]S OR HIS WALIS3 ! /ATE MU/ BE COMPLETELY DE/ROY$4 ,ONLY G5]ALS LIVE WELL 9 ,ALG]IA1 ! PEOPLE HAVE NO?+4 ,RI* /ATE1 POOR PEOPLE6 ,?IS IS :Y ! PEOPLE REVOLT4 ,TO TAKE BACK \R RI<TS4 ,BECAUSE !RE IS A WAY6 ,?IS IS HOGGRA4.<#a#f.> ,LOOK6 ,A ,MEMB] ( ,P>LIAM5T GETS #ce MILLION D9>S P] MON? OR MORE1 PLUS AN 9T]NATIONAL PASSPORT1 :ILE ANY O!R EMPLOYEE 9 ! COMMUNE MAKES ONLY #a#e1 D9>S6 .<444.> ,WE >E PROTE/]S & WE WI% = O!R M>G9ALIZ$ PEOPLE LIKE US COME TO \R AID1 ?AT WE ALL UNITE1 ?AT WE HELP ONE ANO!R40 

,HE IS 9T]RUPT$ BY A FRI5D1 0,:AT 9T]E/S US IS NOT ! ELECTIONS1 BUT 9 ASSEMBL+ TOGE!R .<444.> TO /RUGGLE AGA9/ ?IS SY/EM40 

,! REFLECTION ON ! ELECTIONS & ! POLITICAL P>TIES HAS EFFECTIVELY EVOLV$ AMONG ! RESID5TS ( ,B>BA*A :O HAVE 9V5T$ A WAY TO MANAGE !MSELVES & !IR [N LIVES4 ,! POSITION ( ! WELD] WE MET IS CLE>3 0,! POLITICAL P>TIES1 ,I DON'T LIKE !M4 ,BECAUSE ) P>TIES1 Y\ RAISE A P]SON UP1 & ONCE !Y'RE AT ! TOP1 '! K+ IS DEAD1 LONG LIVE ! K+'--IT'S ALWAYS BE5 LIKE ?AT4 ,BECAUSE ,I HAVE SP5T A LONG TIME 9 POLITICAL P>TIES1 !Y DON'T 9T]E/ ME ANYMORE4 ,BECAUSE AS SOON AS SOMEONE IS AT ! TOP AS A ,MEMB] ( ,P>LIAM5T OR A MAYOR1 ONCE HE GOES UP1 ?AT'S IT1 Y\ NEV] HE> FROM HIM AGA91 & !N ! DAY HE NE$S ! PEOPLE1 HE COMES BACK1 HE :9ES4 ',WE'RE GO+ TO DO ?IS1 WE'RE GO+ TO DO ?AT444' & AT ! 5D !RE'S NO?+4 ,!SE PEOPLE >E ONLY 9T]E/$ 9 P[] & MONEY40 

,CONFRONT+ ! /ATE & CAPITALISM ?AT >E RAVAG+ ITS T]RITORY & V]Y EXI/5CE1 ! PEOPLE ( ,B>BA*A LEAD A CONT9U\S /RUGGLE = A DIGNIFI$ LIFE4 ,?R\< ! PRACTICES ( MUTUAL AID & COLLECTIVE RESI/ANCE1 !Y 9V5T AN EMANCIPAT$ SOCIETY ON AN EV]YDAY BASIS4 ,LIKE O!RS BE=E !M1 NOTABLY 9 ,*IAPAS1 !Y DO NOT ATTEMPT TO TAKE /ATE P[] BUT TO DISSOLVE IT1 ALONG ) CAPITALISM1 VIA F$]AT$ SELF-ORGANIZATION 9 COMMUNES4 ,LIKE ! ,ZAPATI/AS1 !Y KN[ ?AT SOLID>ITY IS A WEAPON :5 COORD9AT$ /RUGGLES COME TOGE!R4 

,?IS IS ! WELD]'S CONCLUSION3 0,WE HAVE TO FI<T :]E WE >E4 ,IF EV]YBODY FI<TS TOGE!R1 9 ,FRANCE1 9 ,MOROCCO1 H]E444 WE CAN IMPROVE ?+S40 ,& AS ! ELD]LY ,DA ,TAIEB TELLS US1 0,ALONE1 ! RESID5TS ( ,B>BA*A WON'T BE ABLE TO ?R[ ?IS \T4 ,SO WE >E TRY+ TO CREATE A GREAT MOVEM5T1 A BULLDOZ]1 TO DE/ROY IT40 

.<#a.> ,EUROPEAN SUPPORT]S ( & P>TICIPANTS 9 ! ,ALG]IAN ,REVOLUTION W]E REF]R$ TO LAT] AS PI$S-R\GES4 

.<#b.> ,G5]ALLY UNKN[N 9 ,5GLI%-SPEAK+ C\NTRIES1 A 0G5D>M]IE0 IS A ,FR5* WORD 7& ,FR5* 9V5TION7 = A MILIT>Y POLICE =CE 9VOLV$ 9 ! LAW 5=CEM5T ( RURAL REGIONS4 ,9 ,ALG]IA1 !Y >E SUB/ANTIALLY MILIT>IZ$ & BRUTAL1 ?US P>TICUL>LY DESPIS$4 --,TRANS4 

.<#c.> ,SUBDIVISION ( A ,WILAYAH 7PREFECTURE71 ?AT IS TO SAY1 A SUB-PREFECTURE4 .<,A ,WILAYAH 7AN ,>ABIC WORD7 MI<T BE BETT] UND]/OOD 9 ,5GLI% AS 0REGION10 0PROV9CE10 0C\NTY10 ETC4 ,A ,DAIRA1 UNIQUE TO ,ALG]IA & ! ,WE/]N ,SAH>A1 CAN BE BE/ TRANSLAT$ AS 0DI/RICT40 --,TRANS4.> 

.<#d.> ,P,/3 ,P>TI ,SOCIALI/E DES ,TRAVAILLEURS 7,SOCIALI/ ,WORK]S ,P>TY71 AN ANTICAPITALI/ & 9T]NATIONALI/ P>TY F\ND$ 9 #a#i#h#i1 A MEMB] ( ! ,F\R? ,9T]NATIONAL4 

.<#e.> ,R,C,D3 ,RASSEMBLEM5T P\R LA ,CULTURE ET LA ,DEMOCRATIE 7,RALLY = ,CULTURE & ,DEMOCRACY71 SOCIAL DEMOCRATIC P>TY CREAT$ 9 #aihi F\ND$ AFT] ! =MATION ( ! ,M\VEM5T CULTUREL B]B]E4 

.<#f.> ,F,L,N3 ,FRONT DE ,LIB]ATION ,NATIONALE 7,NATIONAL ,LIB]ATION ,FRONT71 CURR5T P>TY ( ! ,/ATE UND] ! RUL+ MILIT>Y JUNTA4 

.<#g.> ,F,F,S3 ,FRONT DES ,=CES ,SOCIALI/ES 7,SOCIALI/ ,=CES ,FRONT71 SOCIAL DEMOCRATIC P>TY F\ND$ 9 #a#i#f#c4 

.<#h.> ,AXXAM N ,CAAB3 ?IS IS ,TAMAZI<T1 NOT ,>ABIC4 --,TRANS4 

.<#i.> ,DAHO ,\LD ,KABLIA 7BORN #a#i#c#c71 =M] ,9T]IOR ,M9I/] ( ,ALG]IA 9 *>GE ( ,ALG]IA'S G5D>M]IE1 AMONG O!R BUREAUCRATIC AFFAIRS4 --,TRANS4 

.<#a.> ,?IS PECULI> PHRAS+ AT ! 5D ( ! S5T5CE IS 9 ! ORIG9AL ,FR5*4 --,TRANS4 

.<#a#a.> ,NATIONAL ,RALLY = ,DEMOCRACY1 LIB]AL P>TY F\ND$ 9 #a#i#i#g4 --,TRANS4 

.<#a#b.> ,OPPORTUNI/S ?AT ONLY ACT TO FILL !IR BELLIES4 

.<#a#c.> ,R,N3 ,R\TE ,NATIONAL4 ,A HI<WAY4 --,TRANS4 

.<#a#d.> ,9T]VIEW 9 ,P>IS1 #b#h4 

.<#a#e.> ,ABDELAZIZ ,B\TEFLIKA1 CURR5T ,PRESID5T ( ,ALG]IA1 9 P[] S9CE #a#i#i#i4 --,TRANS4 

.<#a#f.> ,9 ! ,ALG]IAN ,>ABIC DIALECT1 ! WORD HOGGRA 7ALSO SPELL$ HOGRA71 (T5 TRANSLAT$ AS 0OPPRESSION10 MEANS HAV+ ONE'S RI<TS D5I$ TO !M1 BE+ *EAT$1 EXPLOIT$1 HUMILIAT$1 OR SCAMM$ BY A RUL]1 AU?ORITY FIGURE1 OR GOV]NM5T4 ,! T]M WAS US$ FREQU5TLY DUR+ ! ,>AB ,SPR+ 9 ,ALG]IA4 ,ONE CONDUCT+ HOGGRA IS KN[N AS A HAGG>4 --,TRANS4 

7,S\RCE3 CRIME?9C4COM47 

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,JANU>Y #a#c1 #bbb 3 ,E*OES ( ! ,FREE ,COMMUNE ( ,B>BA*A -- ,ADD$4 

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